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Chaumon M, Rioux PA, Herbst SK, Spiousas I, Kübel SL, Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Runyun ŞL, Micillo L, Thanopoulos V, Mendoza-Duran E, Wagelmans A, Mudumba R, Tachmatzidou O, Cellini N, D'Argembeau A, Giersch A, Grondin S, Gronfier C, Igarzábal FA, Klarsfeld A, Jovanovic L, Laje R, Lannelongue E, Mioni G, Nicolaï C, Srinivasan N, Sugiyama S, Wittmann M, Yotsumoto Y, Vatakis A, Balcı F, van Wassenhove V. The Blursday database as a resource to study subjective temporalities during COVID-19. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1587-1599. [PMID: 35970902 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides repeated measures of subjective time and related processes from participants in nine countries tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioural tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,840 participants completed at least one task, and 439 participants completed all tasks in the first session. The database and all data collection tools are accessible to researchers for studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception and mindfulness. Blursday includes quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being and lockdown indices. The database provides quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency and mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time and temporal distances). Perceived isolation affects time perception, and we report an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de NeuroImagerie Recherche (CENIR), Paris, France.
| | | | - Sophie K Herbst
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian L Kübel
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Şerife Leman Runyun
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilis Thanopoulos
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece.,Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Wagelmans
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ramya Mudumba
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ourania Tachmatzidou
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, Université de Liège, F.R.S.-FNRS, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Giersch
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Waking Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - André Klarsfeld
- Laboratoire Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris PSL, Paris, France
| | - Ljubica Jovanovic
- Université de Strasbourg, Unité mixte INSERM U1114, Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital civil, Strasbourg, France.,School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rodrigo Laje
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Lannelongue
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cyril Nicolaï
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.,Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, Paris, France
| | - Narayanan Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shogo Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Argiro Vatakis
- Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Fuat Balcı
- Department of Psychology and Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif/Yvette, France.
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52
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Holman EA, Jones NM, Garfin DR, Silver RC. Distortions in time perception during collective trauma: Insights from a national longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022:2022-88055-001. [PMID: 35925689 PMCID: PMC9898469 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the protracted collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic, lay of distorted perceptions of time (e.g., time slowing, days blurring together, uncertainty about the future) have been widespread. Known as "temporal disintegration" in psychiatric literature, these distortions are associated with negative mental health consequences. However, the prevalence and predictors of temporal disintegration are poorly understood. We examined perceptions of time passing and their associations with lifetime stress and trauma and pandemic-related secondary stress as COVID-19 spread across the United States. METHOD A probability-based national sample (N = 5,661) from the NORC AmeriSpeak online panel, which had completed a mental and physical health survey prior to the pandemic, completed two surveys online during March 18-April 18, 2020, and September 26-October 16, 2020. Distorted time perceptions and other pandemic-related experiences were assessed. RESULTS Present focus, blurring weekdays and weekdays together, and uncertainty about the future were common experiences reported by over 65% of the sample 6 months into the pandemic. Half of the sample reported time speeding up or slowing down. Predictors of temporal disintegration include prepandemic mental health diagnoses, daily pandemic-related media exposure and secondary stress (e.g., school closures, lockdown), financial stress, and lifetime stress and trauma exposure. CONCLUSION During the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, distortions in time perception were very common and associated with prepandemic mental health, lifetime stress and trauma exposure, and pandemic-related media exposure and stressors. Given that temporal disintegration is a risk factor for mental health challenges, these findings have potential implications for public mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alison Holman
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Nickolas M. Jones
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine,Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine
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53
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Tam KYY, Chan CS, van Tilburg WAP, Lavi I, Lau JYF. Boredom belief moderates the mental health impact of boredom among young people: Correlational and multi-wave longitudinal evidence gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pers 2022; 91:638-652. [PMID: 35927788 PMCID: PMC9537911 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Young people's experience of boredom and its psychological health sequelae have been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined the moderating role of boredom beliefs—the extent to which one affectively dislikes boredom (boredom dislike) and cognitively accepts it (boredom normalcy)—on the association between boredom experience and mental well‐being. We also validated a new measure of boredom beliefs in two different samples of young people. Method We report data from a correlational study with British young people aged 12–25 (Study 1; N = 2495) and a 16‐week eight‐wave within‐subject study with Israeli adolescents aged 12–18 (Study 2; N = 314). Results Across both studies, disliking boredom was associated with higher frequency and intensity of boredom. Boredom dislike moderated the negative association between boredom and mental well‐being, such that the association was more salient among those who strongly disliked boredom. Normalizing boredom was positively associated with mental well‐being. The measure of boredom beliefs demonstrated fair validity and reliability. Conclusion Results provide novel insights into the potential buffering effect of boredom beliefs against the mental health impact of boredom, particularly at a time of reduced activity. These findings generalize across two different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Y Y Tam
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, King's College London
| | | | | | - Iris Lavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jennifer Y F Lau
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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54
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Silva DTC, Prado WL, Cucato GG, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM, Lofrano-Prado MC, Tebar WR, Christofaro DG. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity level and screen time is associated with decreased mental health in Brazillian adults: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114657. [PMID: 35696934 PMCID: PMC9152569 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to verify whether the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and screen time was associated with the impact on quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of Brazilian adults. The invitation was made through social networks and the collection was carried out through electronic research. There was a decrease in quality of life and physical activity, and an increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression and screen time. These findings are important for new strategies that promote physically active habits during the pandemic .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela T. Caldeira Silva
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author
| | | | - Gabriel G. Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, England, UK
| | | | | | | | - William R. Tebar
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G.D. Christofaro
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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55
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Ogden RS, Dobbins C, Slade K, McIntyre J, Fairclough S. The psychophysiological mechanisms of real-world time experience. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12890. [PMID: 35902608 PMCID: PMC9330997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of time, however this proposition has never been tested during real-world temporal experience. The current study directly tested the relationship between the passage of time and SNS-PNS activity in the real-world. Sixty-seven participants completed a normal day's activities whilst wearing sensors to capture electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and movement. They also provided hourly rating of the subjective speed at which time was passing. Results revealed that greater SNS activity (e.g., increased heart rate, frequency of phasic skin conductance response) was associated with time passing more quickly. PNS activity was not related to time experience. Whilst the findings support previous suggestions that changes in physiological arousal are associated with distortions to the passage of time, the effects are small and other factors are likely to contribute to real-world temporal experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK.
| | - Chelsea Dobbins
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Slade
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Stephen Fairclough
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
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56
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Ogden RS, Piovesan A. How long was it for you? Memories of the duration of the UK covid-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271609. [PMID: 35839231 PMCID: PMC9286236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The covid-19 global pandemic has significantly impacted on the daily lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the speed at which time feels like it is passing during day-to-day life in comparison with prior to the pandemic. The current study sought to further understanding of the impact of the pandemic on temporal experience by exploring individual differences in the subjective length of the first 12 months of the pandemic in the UK. Using an online questionnaire, subjective judgments of the perceived length of the preceding 12 months were taken. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction, physical activity, conformity with regulations, perceived covid risk and shielding status were taken. The results showed that only 9% of participants reported that the preceding 12 months felt like 12 months. The majority of participants (57%) reported that it felt like the pandemic had lasted for longer than 12 months, and this feeling was stronger for those who indicated greater levels of depression and anxiety, reduced physical activity, reduced satisfaction with social interaction and being advised to shield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S. Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Piovesan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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57
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Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CH, Nicholls W, Robazza C, Cagas JY, Fernández-Montalvo J, Choi Y, Ruiz MC. Brief Remote Intervention to Manage Food Cravings and Emotions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903096. [PMID: 35846655 PMCID: PMC9280415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic people have endured potentially stressful challenges which have influenced behaviors such as eating. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of two brief interventions aimed to help individuals deal with food cravings and associated emotional experiences. Participants were 165 individuals residing in United Kingdom, Finland, Philippines, Spain, Italy, Brazil, North America, South Korea, and China. The study was implemented remotely, thus without any contact with researchers, and involved two groups. Group one participants were requested to use daily diaries for seven consecutive days to assess the frequency of experience of their food cravings, frequency of giving in to cravings, and difficulty resisting cravings, as well as emotional states associated with their cravings. In addition to completing daily food diaries, participants in group two were asked to engage in mindful eating practice and forming implementation intentions. Participants assessed their perceived changes in eating, wellbeing, and health at the beginning and end of the intervention. Repeated measures MANOVAs indicated that participants experienced significantly less food cravings (i.e., craving experience, acting on cravings, difficulty resisting), as well as lower intensities of unpleasant states associated with cravings across time (T1 vs. T7). In contrast to our hypothesis, the main effects of the group (food craving diary vs. food craving diary and mindful eating practice) were not significant. Participants reported less eating and enhanced wellbeing at the end of the study (T7 vs. T1). Our findings can be used to inform future remote interventions to manage food cravings and associated emotions and highlight the need for alternative solutions to increase participant engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J. Devonport
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Hwa Chen-Wilson
- Faculty of Health, Education & Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Nicholls
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jonathan Y. Cagas
- Department of Sports Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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58
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van Wassenhove V. Temporal disorientations and distortions during isolation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104644. [PMID: 35364190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the brain maps time is central to neuroscience, behavior, psychology, and cognition. Just as in spatial navigation, self-positioning in a temporal cognitive map depends on numerous factors that are both exogenous and endogenous (e.g. time of day and experienced durations, respectively). The deprivation of external temporal landmarks can greatly reduce the ability of participants to orient in time and to formulate an adequate endogenous representation of time. However, this area of investigation in humans shows a great paucity of empirical data. This article aims at unearthing some of the experimental work that has systematically explored how humans' awareness of time is affected by varying degrees of isolation protocols. The assessment of the literature on the impact of isolation (broadly construed) on human temporalities may contribute to contextualizing the temporal distortions and disorientations reported during the ongoing worldwide pandemic Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie van Wassenhove
- CEA, NeuroSpin, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France.
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59
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McCurdy A, Stearns JA, Rhodes RE, Hopkins D, Mummery K, Spence JC. Relationships Between Physical Activity, Boredom Proneness, and Subjective Well-Being Among U.K. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:189-197. [PMID: 35354669 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation sought to examine physical activity (PA) as a potential determinant of chronic boredom and associated well-being within the context of COVID-related restrictions. A representative sample of U.K. adults (N = 1,521) completed a survey on June 1, 2020. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that individuals who met guidelines and maintained or increased PA scored higher on life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness and lower on anxiety (i.e., indicators of well-being) and boredom proneness (d = 0.13-0.43). Boredom proneness was correlated with all indicators of well-being (r = .38-.54). A series of regression models revealed that PA predicted lower boredom proneness and better life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness. Boredom proneness accounted for the covariance between PA and well-being. Prospective research is needed to confirm causality of the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley McCurdy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Jodie A Stearns
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC,Canada
| | - Debbie Hopkins
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford,United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Mummery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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60
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Vigil P, Meléndez J, Soto H, Petkovic G, Bernal YA, Molina S. Chronic Stress and Ovulatory Dysfunction: Implications in Times of COVID-19. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:866104. [PMID: 35677754 PMCID: PMC9168655 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.866104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to be associated with adverse health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns are examples of chronic stressors. Lockdown measures inadvertently caused significant psychological distress and became a powerful source of anxiety/stress, sleep disturbances, nutritional changes and weight gain. Stress is known to impact women's health specifically, through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis dysfunction and resultant ovulatory dysfunction. Such dysfunction may manifest in menstrual irregularities and/or infertility due to hypothalamic hypogonadism. Here, we review the key physiological mediators of stress and associated ovulatory dysfunction. The kisspeptinergic system is comprised of sets of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC). This system links nutrition, reproductive signals and stress. It plays a key role in the function of the HPG axis. During chronic stress, the kisspeptinergic system affects the HPG axis, GnRH pulsatility, and, therefore, ovulation. Leptin, insulin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) are thought to be additional key modulators in the behavioral responses to chronic stress and may contribute to stress-related ovulatory dysfunction. This mini-review also summarizes and appraises the available evidence on the negative impact of chronic stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. It proposes physiological mechanisms to explain the observed effects on women's reproductive health and well-being. The review suggests areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vigil
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Médica San Cristóbal, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Pilar Vigil
| | - Jaime Meléndez
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Soto
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yanara A. Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Santiago Molina
- Tallahassee Community College, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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61
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Kosak F, Schelhorn I, Wittmann M. The subjective experience of time during the pandemic in Germany: The big slowdown. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267709. [PMID: 35511928 PMCID: PMC9070960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 studies on the felt passage of time have been conducted due to the strong feeling of time distortion many people have experienced during the pandemic. Overall, a relative decelaration of time passage was generally associated with negative affect and social isolation; a relative acceleration was associated with an increase in routine in daily life. There is some variability in results depending on the country of study and COVID-19 restrictions introduced, participants' demographics, and questionnaire items applied. Here we present a study conducted in May 2021 in Germany including n = 500 participants to assess time perception, emotional reactions, and attitudes towards the countermeasures. The passage of time judgments (POTJ) for the preceding 12 months during the pandemic were compared to data addressing the same question posed in previous studies conducted before the outbreak of COVID-19. The previous year was rated as having passed relatively slower during the pandemic compared to the ratings from before the pandemic. The duration judgments (DJ) of the 14 months since the start of the pandemic showed a bimodal distribution with both relatively shorter and relatively longer DJs. Higher levels of several negative emotions, as well as less social satisfaction, were associated with prolonged DJs and partially slower POTJs. Fear for health was not linked with the subjective experience of time, but exploratory analyses suggested that higher levels of fear were linked to more positive evaluations and approval of the governmental countermeasures. Those who reported higher levels of negative, agitated-aggressive emotions showed lower levels of consent with these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Kosak
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris Schelhorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
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62
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Cravo AM, de Azevedo GB, Moraes Bilacchi Azarias C, Barne LC, Bueno FD, de Camargo RY, Morita VC, Sirius EVP, Recio RS, Silvestrin M, de Azevedo Neto RM. Time experience during social distancing: A longitudinal study during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj7205. [PMID: 35417245 PMCID: PMC9007501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic brought several modifications in our daily lives. With these changes, some people have reported alterations in their feelings of how fast time was passing. In this study, we assessed whether and how social distancing and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced participants' time awareness and production of time intervals. Participants (n = 3855) filled in the first questionnaire approximately 60 days after the start of social distancing in Brazil and weekly questionnaires for 15 weeks during social distancing. Our results indicate that time was perceived as expanded at the beginning, but this feeling decreased across the weeks. Time awareness was strongly associated with psychological factors such as loneliness, stress, and positive emotions, but not with time production. This relation was shown between participants and within their longitudinal reports. Together, our findings show how emotions are a crucial aspect of how time is felt.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mascioli Cravo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brito de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Dantas Bueno
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Raphael Y. de Camargo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carneiro Morita
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F13005 Marseille, France
| | - Esaú Ventura Pupo Sirius
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Silvestrin
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
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Cravo AM, de Azevedo GB, Moraes Bilacchi Azarias C, Barne LC, Bueno FD, de Camargo RY, Morita VC, Sirius EVP, Recio RS, Silvestrin M, de Azevedo Neto RM. Time experience during social distancing: A longitudinal study during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj7205. [PMID: 35417245 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/6jg4r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic brought several modifications in our daily lives. With these changes, some people have reported alterations in their feelings of how fast time was passing. In this study, we assessed whether and how social distancing and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced participants' time awareness and production of time intervals. Participants (n = 3855) filled in the first questionnaire approximately 60 days after the start of social distancing in Brazil and weekly questionnaires for 15 weeks during social distancing. Our results indicate that time was perceived as expanded at the beginning, but this feeling decreased across the weeks. Time awareness was strongly associated with psychological factors such as loneliness, stress, and positive emotions, but not with time production. This relation was shown between participants and within their longitudinal reports. Together, our findings show how emotions are a crucial aspect of how time is felt.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mascioli Cravo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brito de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Dantas Bueno
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Raphael Y de Camargo
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carneiro Morita
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F13005 Marseille, France
| | - Esaú Ventura Pupo Sirius
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Silvestrin
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Santo André, Brazil
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The passage of time in Iraq during the covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266877. [PMID: 35421167 PMCID: PMC9009606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The covid-19 global pandemic has influenced the day-to-day lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the subjective speed at which people feel like time is passing. To date, temporal distortions during covid-19 have mainly been studied in Europe. The current study therefore sought to explore experiences of the passage of time in Iraq. An online questionnaire was used to explore the passage of time during the day, week and the 11 months since the first period of covid-19 restrictions were imposed in Iraq. The questionnaire also measured affective and demographic factors, and task-load. The results showed that distortions to the passage of time were widespread in Iraq. Participants consistently reported a slowing of the passage of time for the day and the week during the pandemic in comparison to normal (i.e. before the pandemic). Participants also reported that it felt like longer than 11-months since the first lockdown began. The passage of time during the day and week were not predicted by any demographic, affective or task-load measures taken in the study. The perceived length of time since the first lockdown was however predicted by stress and change of life due to covid, with greater stress and greater change of life being associated with greater subjective lengthening of the pandemic. The findings indicate that whilst distortions to the passage of time during covid-19 appear to be a global phenomenon, the factors which predict temporal experience during the pandemic differ between countries and cultures.
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Hager NM, Judah MR, Milam AL. Loneliness and Depression in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Role of Boredom and Repetitive Negative Thinking. Int J Cogn Ther 2022; 15:134-152. [PMID: 35432692 PMCID: PMC8990489 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered increased rates of depression, especially among college students. Due to social distancing guidelines, loneliness has been suspected as a prominent factor in depression during the pandemic. Research is needed to identify possible mechanisms through which loneliness conveys risk for pandemic-era depression. Two potential mechanisms are boredom and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined cross-sectional associations between depression, loneliness, boredom, and RNT in a sample of college students (N = 199) in April 2020 immediately following campus closure. Results showed a serial indirect effect of loneliness on depression through boredom then RNT. Moreover, specific indirect effects of loneliness on depression were found through boredom and RNT, individually. Though limited by the cross-sectional design, these data align with cognitive-behavioral theory and identify boredom and RNT as possible mechanisms of the association between loneliness and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Hager
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA USA
| | | | - Alicia L. Milam
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA USA
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66
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Brenlla ME, Germano G, Seivane MS, da Lama RF, Ogden R. Experiences of distortions to the passage of time during the Argentinian Covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266261. [PMID: 35358294 PMCID: PMC8970398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus-19 global pandemic has forced many governments around the world to enforce "lockdowns" to curtail the spread of the virus. Studies conducted in the UK, France, Italy and Brazil have demonstrated that one consequence of these lockdowns is significant distortion to the speed of the passage of time. The current study sought to establish how the passage of time was experienced during the Argentinian lockdown. An online questionnaire was used to measure passage of time judgments for the day and the week, physical activity, satisfaction with social interaction, the extent to which daily routines had changed due to covid and demographic data. The results show that distortions to the passage of time were widely experienced during the lockdown in Argentina. There was a tendency for participants to report time passing more quickly than normal. A faster passage of time was associated with being a woman, of younger age and more physically active. A slower passage of time was therefore associated with being a man, of older age and less physically active. The results indicate that whilst distortions to the passage of time during the covid-19 crisis appear to be a global phenomenon, cross-cultural differences are apparent in the factors which influence temporal experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Brenlla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Germano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana S Seivane
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Fernández da Lama
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ohlmeier S, Klingler C, Schellartz I, Pfaff H. Having a Break or Being Imprisoned: Influence of Subjective Interpretations of Quarantine and Isolation on Boredom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2207. [PMID: 35206395 PMCID: PMC8872444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Boredom has been identified as one of the greatest psychological challenges when staying at home during quarantine and isolation. However, this does not mean that the situation necessarily causes boredom. On the basis of 13 explorative interviews with bored and non-bored persons who have been under quarantine or in isolation, we explain why boredom is related to a subjective interpretation process rather than being a direct consequence of the objective situation. Specifically, we show that participants vary significantly in their interpretations of staying at home and, thus, also in their experience of boredom. While the non-bored participants interpret the situation as a relief or as irrelevant, the bored participants interpret it as a major restriction that only some are able to cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Ohlmeier
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Corinna Klingler
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Isabell Schellartz
- Institute of Health Care Research, Rhineland State Council, LVR-Institut für Versorgungsforschung, 51109 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
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68
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Bussè C, Barnini T, Zucca M, Rainero I, Mozzetta S, Zangrossi A, Cagnin A. Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Alterations in Caregivers of Persons With Dementia After 1-Year of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:826371. [PMID: 35222125 PMCID: PMC8866969 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.826371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic has an important psychological impact particularly in persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. AIM To assess frequency and severity of long-term stress-related symptoms in caregivers of patients with dementia 1-year after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic and to identify predictors of psychological outcomes. METHODS Eighty-five caregivers were involved in a longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up during pandemic in Italy. At baseline in April 2020 a telephone interview assessed socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and self-perception of distress symptoms. After 1 year, between March and April 2021, the same standardized interview was delivered to the caregivers' sample. In addition, scales assessing levels of depression and anxiety (DASS-21), sleep disturbances (PSQI) and coping strategies (COPE-NVI) were administered to the caregivers and to 50 age and sex-matched non-caregivers subjects. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the power of baseline variables to predict long-term psychological outcomes. RESULTS After 1 year of pandemic frequency of caregivers' stress-related symptoms increased respect to baseline: depression (60 vs. 5, 9%; p < 0.001), anxiety (45, 9 vs. 29, 4%; p = 0.035), irritability (49, 4 vs. 24, 7%; p < 0.001), and anguish (31, 7 vs. 10, 6%; p < 0.001). Frequency of severe depression was higher in caregivers than in non-caregivers (p = 0.002) although mean levels of depression were comparable in the two groups. Long-term higher depression was predicted by a model built on baseline information (r2 = 0.53, p < 0.001) where being female (t = -3.61, p < 0.001), having lower education (t = -2.15, p = 0.04), presence of feelings of overwhelm (t = 2.29, p = 0.02) and isolation (t = 2.12, p = 0.04) were significant predictors. Female sex was also predictive of anxiety (t = -2.7, p = 0.01) and poor sleep quality (t = -2.17, p = 0.03). DISCUSSION At 1 year follow-up caregivers of patients with dementia reported higher prevalence of all stress-related symptoms respect to the acute phase of lockdown, particularly depression. Long-lasting stressful conditions may cause exhaustion of resilience factors and increased depression. Planning interventions should support caregivers to enable them to continue with their role during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bussè
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Teresa Barnini
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Milena Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Aging Brain and Memory Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini, ” Aging Brain and Memory Clinic, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mozzetta
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Annachiara Cagnin
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wessels M, Utegaliyev N, Bernhard C, Welsch R, Oberfeld D, Thönes S, von Castell C. Adapting to the pandemic: longitudinal effects of social restrictions on time perception and boredom during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1863. [PMID: 35115600 PMCID: PMC8814006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the Covid-19 pandemic, many governments introduced nationwide lockdowns that disrupted people’s daily routines and promoted social isolation. We applied a longitudinal online survey to investigate the mid-term effects of the mandated restrictions on the perceived passage of time (PPT) and boredom during and after a strict lockdown in Germany. One week after the beginning of the lockdown in March 2020, respondents reported a slower PPT and increased boredom compared to the pre-pandemic level. However, in the course of the lockdown, PPT accelerated and boredom decreased again until August 2020. Then, in October 2020, when incidence rates sharply rose and new restrictions were introduced, we again observed a slight trend toward a slowing of PPT and an increase of boredom. Our data also show that as the pandemic progressed, respondents adjusted their predictions about the pandemic’s duration substantially upward. In sum, our findings suggest that respondents adapted to the pandemic situation and anticipated it as the new “normal”. Furthermore, we determined perceived boredom and the general emotional state to be predictive of PPT, while depressive symptoms played a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Wessels
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nariman Utegaliyev
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bernhard
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Welsch
- Human-Centered Ubiquitous Computing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Oberfeld
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Thönes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph von Castell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Jato-Espino D, Moscardó V, Vallina Rodríguez A, Lázaro E. Spatial statistical analysis of the relationship between self-reported mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown and closeness to green infrastructure. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2022; 68:127457. [PMID: 35002595 PMCID: PMC8717691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced alterations in the behaviour and psychological health of people, who have had to learn living under uncertain circumstances escaping their control. This situation has been aggravated in those countries applying strict home confinement rules to try bending their epidemic curve. This is the case of Spain, where the stringent lockdown period was extended over three months. This study aimed at proving a research hypothesis whereby living close to Green Infrastructure (GI) during the confinement period was beneficial for mental health. To this end, La Palma (Canary Islands) and Zaragoza (Peninsular Spain) were taken as case studies, since both locations distributed a questionnaire to address citizenry's self-reported mental health under strict lockdown conditions. A spatial statistical analysis of the responses collected by these questionnaires revealed that variables such as stress, anger, medication use, alcohol consumption or visits to the doctor significantly decreased if citizens were close to GI, whereas people having very high expectations of enjoying the city after the confinement were positively correlated to proximity of green areas. Although these outcomes are limited by the inferential capacity of correlation analysis, they point out to a sense of relief derived from having visual contact with vegetated landscapes and feeling stimulated about using them for recreation, aesthetical or sporting purposes. The joint consideration of these psychological gains with the social and environmental benefits provided by GI emphasizes the importance of approaching urban regeneration through the design and implementation of interconnected green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jato-Espino
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moscardó
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallina Rodríguez
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Geography, Autonomous University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lázaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
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Loose T. Disrupting times in the wake of the pandemic: Dispositional time attitudes, time perception and temporal focus. TIME & SOCIETY 2022; 31:110-131. [PMID: 35440860 PMCID: PMC9008471 DOI: 10.1177/0961463x211027420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has majorly disrupted many aspects of people's lives, provoking psychosocial distress among students. People's positive and negative attitudes towards the past, present and future were a dispositional pre-COVID-19 reality. Faced with a pandemic, people have reported disruptions in the speed of passing time. People can shift their attention more towards the past, present or future when major changes in society occur. These aspects of psychological time would be key to understanding the quality of psychosocial adjustment to the pandemic. We hypothesized that dispositional time attitudes impact psychosocial distress because they would trigger situational changes in our time perception and temporal focus. Methods One hundred and forty-four university students in Uruguay responded to self-report questionnaires online while in-person classes were cancelled. Students reported on shifts in temporal focus, changes in time awareness and dispositional time attitudes. Reactive psychological, social and learning environment distress were reported. Results Students reported substantial changes in time perception and temporal focus. A correlation matrix showed significant relationships between time attitudes, focus and awareness. For example, psychological distress was correlated with negative time attitudes, slower passage of time, boredom, blurred sense of time and shifting focus to the past. Mediation models were derived. The indirect effect of time attitudes on psychological distress was significant through past focus. Discussion Dispositional time attitudes would impact students' capacity to cope with the pandemic. Situational shifts in temporal focus and perception were prevalent and can be viewed as temporal coping mechanisms in the wake of powerful societal change. Our mediation models showed that those with negative time attitudes experienced more psychological distress because they shifted their attention to the past. Future directions for research and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Loose
- Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Montevideo,
Centro de Investigación Básica en Psicología & Instituto de Fundamentos y
Métodos en Psicología, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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72
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Vučinić M, Nenadović K, Vučićević M. Kinds of pet chosen and manner of pet acquisition during COVID 19 in Serbia. J Vet Behav 2022; 48:49-55. [PMID: 34924895 PMCID: PMC8669690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In mid-March 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Serbia in order to prevent the spread of COVID 19. Many activities of Serbian citizens were limited or completely stopped. Citizens had to spend most of their time confined in their homes. However, some still wanted and managed to acquire pets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine which kinds of pets (dogs, cats and non-traditional animals) the residents of Serbia acquired during the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic and in which manner (purchase, adoption or gift). If the pets were acquired by adoption, the participants were asked from what sources they adopted them. Finally, how the characteristics of the owner and their household influenced the adoption of pets was examined. A total of 566 pet owners who acquired pets in the pre-COVID 19 and COVID 19 periods participated in the research. The COVID pandemic reduced the number of pet owners 2.7-fold in 2020 compared to 2019. Dogs were the most favourite pets acquired before (43%) and during (43%) the pandemic. During the pandemic, 61% of pets were acquired by adoption and the percentage of dogs, cats and non-traditional pets adopted directly from previous owners increased by 32%, 13% and 12%, respectively. The probability of acquiring pets by adoption was significantly increased by the presence of people older than 65 in the household (OR=2.56; P=0.02), the absence of children up to 5 years of age (OR=0.17; P<0.001) in the household, lower monthly incomes (OR=0.47; P<0.001), the greater available free time of the owner (OR=2.09; P<0.001), and the period of adoption (OR=2.42; P<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vučinić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nenadović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Vučićević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine, Small Animal, Poultry and Wild Animal Diseases, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Leszczak J, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Wyszyńska J, Weres A, Lewandowski B, Baran J. Consumption of selected food products by adults representing various body mass categories, during Covid-19 lockdown in Poland. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1186-1192. [PMID: 35194195 PMCID: PMC8862407 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess consumption of selected food products by adults with a range of body mass before and during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic as well as identify factors impacting the consumption of selected foods. METHODS The study was conducted in a group of 690 subjects during the most severe lockdown due to Covid-19 in Poland ([Formula: see text] = 23 years of age). The dietary assessment was carried out by means of an online survey based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6). The respondents were asked to provide two answers to each question, one covering a 7-day period before the lockdown and one related to a 7-day period during the lockdown. RESULTS During lockdown in the study group there was increase in consumption of sweets and snacks (p = 0.010), grain products (p = 0.050), fat (p = 0.007) as well as alcohol (p < 0.001). During the lockdown respondents with normal BMI increased consumption of sweets and snacks (p = 0.011), dairy products and eggs (p = 0.034), grain products (p = 0.029) and alcohol (p = 0.00). The group of overweight respondents was found to consume significantly more alcohol (p = 0.022), while those with obesity tended to consume more meat (p = 0.002), fish (p < 0.001) and lower amounts of dairy products (p = 0.003). The factors which affected intake of selected food products include age, smoking, place of residence, obesity and education. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 pandemic is significantly related to the change in the frequency of intake of selected products by all adults, irrespective of their BMI. The adverse changes were particularly observed in respondents with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Leszczak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland. .,Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
- grid.13856.390000 0001 2154 3176Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ,Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- grid.13856.390000 0001 2154 3176Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ,Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Weres
- grid.13856.390000 0001 2154 3176Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ,Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Bogumił Lewandowski
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland ,grid.13856.390000 0001 2154 3176Institute of Medicine, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- grid.13856.390000 0001 2154 3176Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, al. Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ,Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence shows the negative psychological impact of lockdown measures in the general population. It is also important to identify predictors of psychological distress in vulnerable people, particularly patients with history of depressive episodes (the most prevalent psychiatric disorder), in order to adapt mental health strategies for future lockdown measures. This study aim was to (1) compare in 69 healthy controls (HC) and 346 patients with a major depressive episode in the two previous years (PP) self-reported psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation, traumatic stress, anger) and living conditions during the first national French lockdown, and (2) identify predictors of significant psychological distress in PP. The levels of psychological symptoms were very low in HC compared with PP, independently of the living conditions. Half of PP had no psychiatric contact during the lockdown. Loneliness and boredom were independent predictors of depression, anxiety and insomnia, whereas daily physical activity was a protective factor. Virtual contacts protected against suicidal ideation. Our results highlight the need of specific strategies to target loneliness and boredom and to improve care access, including telepsychiatry. Longitudinal studies must investigate the COVID-19 pandemic psychological impact in clinical samples.
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75
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Olié E, Dubois J, Benramdane M, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Psychological state of a sample of patients with mood disorders during the first French COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23711. [PMID: 34887481 PMCID: PMC8660817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence shows the negative psychological impact of lockdown measures in the general population. It is also important to identify predictors of psychological distress in vulnerable people, particularly patients with history of depressive episodes (the most prevalent psychiatric disorder), in order to adapt mental health strategies for future lockdown measures. This study aim was to (1) compare in 69 healthy controls (HC) and 346 patients with a major depressive episode in the two previous years (PP) self-reported psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation, traumatic stress, anger) and living conditions during the first national French lockdown, and (2) identify predictors of significant psychological distress in PP. The levels of psychological symptoms were very low in HC compared with PP, independently of the living conditions. Half of PP had no psychiatric contact during the lockdown. Loneliness and boredom were independent predictors of depression, anxiety and insomnia, whereas daily physical activity was a protective factor. Virtual contacts protected against suicidal ideation. Our results highlight the need of specific strategies to target loneliness and boredom and to improve care access, including telepsychiatry. Longitudinal studies must investigate the COVID-19 pandemic psychological impact in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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76
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Schelhorn I, Buchner E, Kosak F, Hutmacher F, Kinateder M, Shiban Y. The effect of induced COVID-19-related fear on psychological distance and time perception. Cogn Emot 2021; 36:82-91. [PMID: 34850653 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.2005543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emotional experience can influence cognitive estimates such as perceived psychological distance and time judgements. These estimators are crucial in threatening situations like the COVID-19 pandemic because the subjective perception of the closeness of a potential infection might influence behaviour. However, to date it remains unclear how fear affects these estimates. We report on data from N = 183 participants collected in Germany during the summer of 2020, when a "second wave" of COVID-19 infections was still only on the horizon of public awareness. We induced COVID-19-related fear in members of one group and compared their estimates of psychological distance and time judgements to those of a neutral group. Fear induction influenced these conjoint estimates in the way that an increase in infection rates appeared farther away and of shorter duration. Mediation analysis revealed inverse effects of changes in valence and ratings of Fear of COVID-19 on psychological distance. Possible explanations for these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schelhorn
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emily Buchner
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kosak
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hutmacher
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Human-Computer-Media Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Clinical Psychology, PFH - Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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77
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Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212044. [PMID: 34831796 PMCID: PMC8624683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among French general practitioners in private practice and to study the risk and protective factors of burnout. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted with French GPs working in a private practice in France who were asked to fulfil an internet questionnaire. We used the secure internet application REDCap®. Exclusion criteria were only working in a hospital, substitute doctors, and internship students. There was a putative sample size of 88,886 GPs. We retrieved the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), occupational characteristics (type of installation, emergency regulated shifts, night shifts, university supervisor, weekly hours worked, seniority), and personal characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, and number of children. Results: We included 1926 GPs among the 2602 retrieved questionnaires. A total of 44.8% of French liberal GPs were experiencing burnout, with 4.8% (95%CI 3.9–5.9%) experiencing severe burnout. The risk factors of severe burnout were male gender (RR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.15–3.16), working in a suburban area (5.23, 2.18–12.58), and having more than 28 appointments per day (1.95, 1.19–3.19). Working more than 50 h weekly showed a tendency to increase the risk of severe burnout (1.55, 0.93–2.59, p = 0.095), with a significant increase in the risk of low and moderate burnout (1.31, 1.02–1.67 and 1.86, 1.34–2.57, respectively). Protective factors were mainly resident training, which decreased the risk of both low, moderate, and severe burnout (0.65, 0.51–0.83; 0.66, 0.48–0.92; and 0.42, 95%CI 0.23–0.76, respectively). Performing home visits decreased the risk of severe burnout (0.25, 0.13–0.47), as did group practice for intermediate level of burnout (0.71, 0.51–0.96). Conclusion: GPs are at a high risk of burnout, with nearly half of them in burnout, with burnout predominantly affecting males and those between the ages of 50 and 60 years old. The main risk factors were a high workload with more than 28 appointments per day or 50 h of work per week, and the main protective factors were related to social cohesion such having a teaching role and working in a group practice with back-office support.
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Muniswamy P, Peter IG, Gorhe V, Chandrasekaran B. Association between physical and mental health variables among software professionals working at home: a secondary analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2269-2277. [PMID: 34581239 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1986307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry India identifier CTRI/2021/03/032146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Muniswamy
- Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Irene Grace Peter
- Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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79
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Transnational and Transdisciplinary Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm14100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On 7 January 2020, China identified a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [...]
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Sadovyy M, Sánchez-Gómez M, Bresó E. COVID-19: How the stress generated by the pandemic may affect work performance through the moderating role of emotional intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 180:110986. [PMID: 34629581 PMCID: PMC8487297 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the moderating effect of emotional intelligence (EI) in the direct impact of the stress generated by the pandemic on work performance and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) in a multioccupational sample of 1048 professionals (60.7% women). The participants filled the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Impact of Event Scale 6 and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. The results proved a relationship between Covid stress, performance and EI, which has a moderating effect between the stress and both indicators of performance, even when sociodemographic variables were controlled. In essence, professionals with high levels of EI and low Covid stress showed the highest performance and the lowest CWB when compared to those who presented less emotional capabilities and higher stress. These results confirm the importance of EI in improving the effectiveness of work performance and reinforce the role of EI as a protective variable that can safeguard occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Sadovyy
- Department of Evolutionary, Educational, Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Martín Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Evolutionary, Educational, Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Edgar Bresó
- Department of Evolutionary, Educational, Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Lablanche O, Salle B, Perie MA, Labrune E, Langlois-Jacques C, Fraison E. Psychological effect of COVID-19 pandemic among women undergoing infertility care, a French cohort - PsyCovART Psychological effect of COVID-19: PsyCovART. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102251. [PMID: 34638007 PMCID: PMC8501520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess psychological state of women who experienced postponement of ART care during the first COVID-19 wave in a French public ward of reproductive medicine. Methods: An online anonymous survey was emailed between July and August 2020 to all women whose infertility care, including the first consultation for infertility, have been delayed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety, depression, and stress were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Feelings about COVID-19 outbreak, lockdown and suspension of fertility care were assessed by Multiple-Choice Questions and Visual Analog Scales. Results: 435 women answered to the survey (response rate 34.6%). Mean levels of the HADS-A (anxiety), HADS-D (depression) and PSS10 were respectively 7.58(±3.85), 4.51(±3.48), and 27(±6.75). Prevalence of stress was 50.8% and almost half of women presented clear or suggestive anxiety symptoms (respectively 21.6% and 25.7%). Stress and anxiety rates were much higher than those expected in infertile population. Increased stress was observed in women above 35 years and those stopped ‘in cycle’ or during pre-treatment for in-vitro fertilization or frozen embryo transfer. Patient with history of depression or anxiety had a higher prevalence of perceived stress (p = 0.0006). Postponement was perceived as ‘unbearable’ for women experiencing stress (p = 0.0032). After the first wave of pandemic, pregnancy desire remained the same and 84.3% of women wanted to resume fertility care as soon as possible. Conclusion: Stopping fertility care during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on women with an increase of stress, and anxiety. Psychological counseling should always be offered especially during this difficult period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Lablanche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Bruno Salle
- Department of Reproductive Medecine, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du Petit Revoyet, Université Claude Bernard, Oullins, France; INSERM Unité 1208, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France
| | - Marie-Ange Perie
- Department of Reproductive Medecine, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Elsa Labrune
- Department of Reproductive Medecine, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; INSERM Unité 1208, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France; Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Université Claude Bernard, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Langlois-Jacques
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eloise Fraison
- Department of Reproductive Medecine, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; INSERM Unité 1208, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France; Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Université Claude Bernard, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, Lyon, France.
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Afellat FZ, Abdalla MJ, Alipour H. The impact of boredom on the attitudes and behaviours of edutourists during the era of COVID-19 and the mediating role of psychological distress. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES 2021; 40:100885. [PMID: 34642623 PMCID: PMC8494727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the effects of boredom on the attitudes and behaviours of international students and their indirect psychological impact during the COVİD-19 pandemic. A partial least square method (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data taken from a sample of 260 students. As a result of this research, a significant negative effect of boredom on edutourists' attitudes as well as an insignificant positive effect on their behaviours was determined; furthermore, the students' attitudes did not affect their behaviours. A positive connection between boredom and psychological distress was significant. Additionally, results demonstrated that psychological distress did not mediate the aforementioned relationships. Nevertheless, the results of the multi-group analysis unearthed different responses among male and female students during the COVID-19. The study provides practical and theoretical implications, limitations, and areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahrae Afellat
- Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC. Via Mersin 10, 99450, Turkey
| | - Moh'd Juma Abdalla
- Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC. Via Mersin 10, 99450, Turkey
| | - Habib Alipour
- Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC. Via Mersin 10, 99450, Turkey
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83
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Kondratowicz B, Godlewska-Werner D, Połomski P, Khosla M. Satisfaction with job and life and remote work in the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of perceived stress, self-efficacy and self-esteem. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 10:49-60. [PMID: 38013756 PMCID: PMC10535621 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between performing remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of job and life satisfaction, as well as the assumed, intermediary role of the level of perceived stress and such resources as self-efficacy and self-esteem. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study, implemented with the use of an internet application, included 283 employees. Data were gathered using a job and life satisfaction scale, the Short Scale for Measuring General Self-Efficacy Beliefs, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4 and a demographic information form. RESULTS The results showed the existence of a relationship between performing remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic and job and life satisfaction, and that the level of perceived stress, self-efficiency and self-esteem plays an intermediary role in this relationship. Remote working is associated with life and job satisfaction, and this relationship is mediated by levels of experienced stress, self-efficacy and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that remote working is associated with higher levels of job and work satisfaction. This relationship is mediated by levels of perceived stress, self-efficacy and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Połomski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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84
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The paper aims to provide an overview of the psychological and behavioural impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on variations in behavioural response in different geographical areas due to the existence of different social-cultural contexts. RECENT FINDINGS Whilst anxiety, depression and economic stressors are common findings worldwide, specific behavioural responses are heavily influenced by government stances, misinformation, conspiratorialism and competing demands of resource scarcity. This has led to very different understandings of the pandemic even in geographically close areas, and more so when comparing disparate regions such as Africa, South America and Europe. The paper also comments on the absence of robust evidence regarding increases of suicidality and violence on a global level, whilst noting evidence certainly exists in specific regions. SUMMARY The psychological and behavioural impact of COVID is heavily influenced by the local lens. Beyond a very broad brush approaches, expected behaviours from one area cannot easily be extrapolated to others. Where possible, clinicians should be guided by local data, ideally placing expectations of responses in a cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kendrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Bunbury Hospital, Western Australian Country Health Service, Upper South West Mental Health Team, Bunbury
| | - Mohan Isaac
- University of Western Australia, Department of Psychiatry, Fremantle Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Fremantle
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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85
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Langvik E, Karlsen HR, Saksvik-Lehouillier I, Sørengaard TA. Police employees working from home during COVID-19 lockdown: Those with higher score on extraversion miss their colleagues more and are more likely to socialize with colleagues outside work. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 179:110924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Droit-Volet S, Martinelli N, Chevalère J, Belletier C, Dezecache G, Gil S, Huguet P. The Persistence of Slowed Time Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Two Longitudinal Studies in France. Front Psychol 2021; 12:721716. [PMID: 34539524 PMCID: PMC8442913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.721716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The home confinement imposed on people to fight the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the flow of time by disrupting daily life, making them feel that time was passing slowly. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the evolution over time of this subjective experience of time and its significant predictors (boredom, decreased happiness, life rhythm, and sleep quality). Twso samples of French participants were followed up: the first for several weeks during the first lockdown (April 2020) and then 1year later (April 2021; Study 1), and the second during the first lockdown (April 2020) and then 6months (November 2020) and 1year later (April 2021; Study 2). Our study shows that the French participants have the feeling that time has passed slowly since the beginning of the first lockdown and that it has not resumed its normal course. This is explained by a persistent feeling of boredom characteristic of a depressive state that has taken hold in the population. The findings therefore suggest that the repeated contexts of confinement did not contribute to re-establishing a normal perception of time, to which a subjective acceleration of time would have testified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johann Chevalère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clément Belletier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sandrine Gil
- Université de Poitiers et CNRS, CeRCA, Poitiers, France
| | - Pascal Huguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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87
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Pisano F, Torromino G, Brachi D, Quadrini A, Incoccia C, Marangolo P. A Standardized Prospective Memory Evaluation of the Effects of COVID-19 Confinement on Young Students. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173919. [PMID: 34501365 PMCID: PMC8432018 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The restriction imposed worldwide for limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally impacted our lives, decreasing people’s wellbeing, causing increased anxiety, depression, and stress and affecting cognitive functions, such as memory. Recent studies reported decreased working memory (WM) and prospective memory (PM), which are pivotal for the ability to plan and perform future activities. Although the number of studies documenting the COVID-19 effects has recently blossomed, most of them employed self-reported questionnaires as the assessment method. The main aim of our study was to use standardized tests to evaluate WM and PM in a population of young students. A sample of 150 female psychology students was recruited online for the administration of two self-reported questionnaires that investigated psychological wellbeing (DASS-21), prospective, and retrospective memory (PRMQ). Subjects were also administered two standardized tests for WM (PASAT) and PM (MIST). We found increased anxiety, depression, and stress and decreased PM as measured by self-reports. The perceived memory failures agreed with the results from the standardized tests, which demonstrated a decrease in both WM and PM. Thus, COVID-19 restriction has strongly impacted on students’ mental health and memory abilities, leaving an urgent need for psychological and cognitive recovery plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pisano
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (G.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Giulia Torromino
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (G.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Brachi
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (G.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Agnese Quadrini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.Q.); (C.I.)
| | - Chiara Incoccia
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.Q.); (C.I.)
| | - Paola Marangolo
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (G.T.); (D.B.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.Q.); (C.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Jahan AM, Mohamed M, Alfagieh M, Alnawy N, Alsabiri M, Algazal R, Saaleh R, El Swisy S, Abbas O, Al Delawi W, Abdulhafith B, Almangoush O, Elhag F, Elshukri A, Abushaala W, Shahrani T, Tnton A, Alkilani H, Dier A. Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:714749. [PMID: 34484073 PMCID: PMC8416112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 were announced in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread in most countries. After one year of restrictive measures applied by governments, it is unclear how this prolonged social distancing has affected the mental health of individuals in Libya. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the levels of perceived stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and self-efficacy associated with the pandemic in Libya and their association with the demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 10 and November 10, 2020 in 21 cities in Libya using an online survey. The survey collected socio-demographic variables and other important psychological variables using valid scales: namely, the Perceived Stress scale, the PROMIS Depression scale, the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale, and self-efficacy 6-item scale. Additionally, data were collected regarding eating and smoking habits, housing and living situations, and the preparedness of the public to manage the upcoming waves of the pandemic. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 746 times, and a total of 683 completed questionnaires were analyzed (response rate of 91.6%), with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years (Mean ± SD = 27.09 ± 10.57). Among the respondents, 58.4% were females and 77% were from the age group 18-29 years. The perceived stress, depression, and sleep disturbance symptoms were high in overall population. For stress, 52.7 and 17.1% of respondents reported moderate and high stress, and for sleep quality 28.8 and 8.1% reported moderate and high sleep disturbance, respectively. For depression, the overall median score was 20 (out of 40). The perceived stress, depression, and sleep disturbance were more prevalent among females and the younger age groups (18-29 years old). The overall self-efficacy median total score was 6.67 (out of 10), with a significantly higher median total score for males than females (7 vs. 6.33, p = 0.001). About 14.5% of the respondents were regular cigarette smokers, and most of them (79.8%) described their smoking habits during the previous month as more than typical. In addition, the reported eating habits of almost half of the respondents (43%) had changed, with about one-third (29.6%) reporting that their eating habits had become less healthy during the pandemic. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest increased levels of stress, depression, and sleep disturbances as well as COVID-19-related fear during the pandemic, especially among young females. This alarming finding urgently calls for safe and low-barrier interventions to help mentally burdened individuals. This study makes a significant contribution in providing essential data on the psychological and social impacts on the Libyan population due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi M. Jahan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marwa Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Nehal Alnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | - Rayan Algazal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Rana Saaleh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Safa El Swisy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Orjwan Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | | | | | - Fathalla Elhag
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | | | | | - Taqwa Shahrani
- Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Tnton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Misrata, Misrata, Libya
| | - Heba Alkilani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Amaal Dier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Jackson A, Anderson A, Weybright E, Lanigan J. Differing Experiences of Boredom During the Pandemic and Associations With Dietary Behaviors. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:706-711. [PMID: 34162515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how changes in feeling bored and eating because of boredom during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relate to intuitive eating, diet quality, and snacking. METHODS A representative sample of 360 US adults completed an online survey including changes in feeling bored and eating because of boredom since the COVID-19 pandemic. An ANCOVA and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to examine relationships between intuitive eating, diet quality, and snacking in individuals who experienced: (1) increases in feeling bored and eating because of boredom, (2) eating because of boredom only, (3) increases in feeling bored only, and (4) no change/decreases in feeling bored and eating because of boredom. RESULTS Individuals who increased feeling bored and eating because of boredom and increased eating because of boredom only snacked more and scored lower in intuitive eating. Diet quality did not differ across groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although diet quality did not differ, eating because of boredom is potentially a negative impact on diet quality. Programs enhancing intuitive eating may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jackson
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA.
| | - Alana Anderson
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Jane Lanigan
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
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90
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Mhende J, Bell SA, Cottrell-Daniels C, Luong J, Streiff M, Dannenfelser M, Hayat MJ, Spears CA. Mobile Delivery of Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Low-Income Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25926. [PMID: 34033580 PMCID: PMC8315164 DOI: 10.2196/25926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is the leading cause of premature death, and low-income adults experience disproportionate burden from tobacco. Mindfulness interventions show promise for improving smoking cessation. A text messaging program "iQuit Mindfully" was developed to deliver just-in-time support for quitting smoking among low-income adults. A pilot study of iQuit Mindfully was conducted in spring 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, among low-income and predominantly African American smokers. OBJECTIVE This pilot study examined the acceptability and feasibility of delivering Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment via mHealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants were adult cigarette smokers (n=23), of whom 8 (34.8%) were female, 19 (82.6%) were African American, and 18 (78.3%) had an annual income of <US $24,000. They were randomly assigned to either 8 weeks of iQuit Mindfully as a fully automated standalone intervention or iQuit Mindfully in combination with therapist-led in-person group treatment. For participant safety, in-person mindfulness groups were transitioned to the internet and assessments also took place over the internet. Survey questions asked participants about changes in their stress, smoking habits and quit attempts, and their perceptions of the mindfulness and text messaging intervention in the context of the pandemic. RESULTS Most participants (n=15 of 21, 71.4%) indicated a change in stress due to the pandemic, of whom 14 (93.3%) indicated higher stress. Participants shared concerns about finances, homelessness, health, and social isolation. Most (n=17 of 21, 80.9%) believed that smoking increases the risk of contracting COVID-19, and although that was motivating for some, others expressed lower motivation to quit smoking because of higher stress. Most (n=18 of 21, 85.7%) stated that practicing mindfulness was helpful during the pandemic. Mean ratings of the helpfulness of text messages and the extent to which they would recommend the program to others were 7.1 (median 8 on a 10-point scale, SD 2.9) and 8.2 (median 9, SD 2.5), respectively. Through open-ended program evaluations, participants shared details about how mindfulness practices and the text messages helped them manage stress and feel a sense of social support during the pandemic. Moreover, 10 of 19 (52.6%) of participants achieved 7-day abstinence from smoking, with no differences between conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the promise of text messaging and the use of teleconferencing to provide mindfulness and smoking cessation services to underserved populations during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jackie Luong
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Micah Streiff
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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91
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Male Sexual Health and Sexual Behaviors during the First National COVID-19 Lockdown in a Western Country: A Real-Life, Web-Based Study. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction measures enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic had severe effects on male sexual and reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the real-life impact and perception of sexual function in 2020 in Italy, as the first Western country experiencing a national lockdown by measuring relative search volume for keywords pertaining to sexual health and behaviors provided by Google Trends and sales data for pro-erectile treatments. No significant change was observed for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Interest towards most phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors decreased significantly during lockdown (e.g., sildenafil, p = 0.0002; tadalafil p = 0.0016), then reverted to pre-lockdown levels (e.g., sildenafil, p < 0.0001; tadalafil p < 0.0001), mirroring a concomitant sales decrement (p = 0.0292). A subsequent recovery to previous levels at the end of the social confinement was also found (e.g., after vs. before lockdown, sildenafil, p = 0.8459; tadalafil p = 0.1166). During lockdown, interest towards pornography significantly increased during restrictions (p = 0.0053) and remained high (after vs. before lockdown, p = 0.0004), whereas interest towards paid and casual sex declined (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.049, respectively), then reverted to previous levels (after vs. before lockdown, p = 0.3969 and 0.8373, respectively). During the first Italian lockdown, we observed a transient but measurable decrease of sexual health-seeking behaviors and changes in sexual behaviors, with unknown impact for sexual medicine and public health.
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92
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Maunder L. Motivating people to stay at home: using the Health Belief Model to improve the effectiveness of public health messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1957-1962. [PMID: 34170323 PMCID: PMC8344620 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larah Maunder
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence to: L Maunder,
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93
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Vigne J, Peyronnet D, Leenhardt J, Dubegny C, Ardisson V, Pariscoat G, Bolot C, Rauscher A, Hallouard F, Clave-Darcissac C, Clotagatide A, Odouard E, Faivre-Chauvet A, Diehl J, Houdu B, Agostini D, Morello R. Quantitative impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on nuclear medicine in France: the CORALINE study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4331-4338. [PMID: 34169368 PMCID: PMC8224993 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reshaped the usual risk: benefit equilibrium that became a trade-off between the infection exposure risk for the patient (and for staff) and the risk associated with delaying or cancelling the nuclear medicine examination. This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown in France on nuclear medicine examination volume together with volume of examination cancellation and non-attendance. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the volume of planned examinations from 1 month before to 1 month after the first lockdown in French high-volume nuclear medicine departments (NMD) sharing the same information management system including both university hospitals, UH (n = 7), and cancer centres, CC (n = 2). RESULTS The study enrolled 31,628 consecutive patients referred for a nuclear medicine examination performed or not (NMEP or NMEnP). The total volume of NMEP significantly dropped by 43.4% between the 4 weeks before and after the starting of the lockdown. The comparison of the percentage of NMEP and NMEnP between UH and CC is significantly different (p < 0.001). The percentage of NMEP during the study was 67.9% in UH vs 84.7% in CC. Percentages of NMEnP in UH and CC were due respectively to cancellation by the patient (14.9 vs 7.4%), cancellation by the NMD (9.5 vs 3.4%), cancellation by the referring physician (5.1 vs 4.4%) and non-attender patients (2.7 vs 0.2%). CONCLUSION The study underlines the public health issue caused by COVID-19 above the pandemic itself and should be useful in preparing for potential resource utilisation and staffing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France. .,Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France. .,Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, PhIND, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Centre Cyceron, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Damien Peyronnet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Julien Leenhardt
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, UMR UGA-INSERM U1039, Grenoble, France
| | - Constance Dubegny
- Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Ardisson
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Pariscoat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Bichat, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bolot
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Rauscher
- Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Medicine Department, ICO Nantes-Angers, 44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - François Hallouard
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Caroline Clave-Darcissac
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Pharmacy Department, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Anthony Clotagatide
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Odouard
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Radiopharmacy, Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Diehl
- Biostatistic and Clinical Research, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Benjamin Houdu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Denis Agostini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Rémy Morello
- Biostatistic and Clinical Research, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
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94
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Boluarte-Carbajal A, Navarro-Flores A, Villarreal-Zegarra D. Explanatory Model of Perceived Stress in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peru During the COVID-19 Context. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673945. [PMID: 34248770 PMCID: PMC8264254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impact mental health worldwide. High prevalence of stress had been previously reported in populations during this context. Many theoretical frameworks had been proposed for explaining the stress process, we aim to proposed and explanatory model for the genesis of perceived stress in Peruvian general population. Method We conducted an online survey in Peruvian general population assessing sociodemographic variables and evaluating mental health conditions by using The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a numerical rating scale (NRS) for fear of COVID-19. Correlation analysis was conducted for the variables of interest. Two regression models were constructed to explore related factor to the dimensions of perceived stress. Finally, a structural regression model was performed with the independent variables. Results Data of 210 individuals was analyzed. Ages ranged from 15 to 74 years and 39% were women. Additionally, 65.2% of the participants had at least one mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms). Perceived self-efficacy and positive affect (PA) were correlated, as perceived helplessness with anxious symptoms and negative affect (NA). Regression analysis showed that sex, anxiety symptoms, and NA explained perceived helplessness while positive and NA explained self-efficacy. The structural regression model analysis identified that fear of COVID-19 (composed of fear of infecting others and fear of contagion), predicted mental health conditions (i.e., depressive or anxiety symptoms); also, mental health conditions were predicted by PA and NA. Perceived helplessness and Perceived self-efficacy were interrelated and represented the perceived stress variable. Conclusion We proposed an explanatory model of perceived stress based on two correlated dimensions (self-efficacy and helplessness) in the Peruvian general population during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with two out of three individuals surveyed having at least one mental health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Navarro-Flores
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
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95
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Krasowski MD, Blau JL, Chen SJ, Jones KA, Schmidt TJ, Bruch LA. Teaching Pathology in an Integrated Preclinical Medical School Curriculum and Adaptations to COVID-19 Restrictions. Acad Pathol 2021; 8:23742895211015337. [PMID: 34046522 PMCID: PMC8138288 DOI: 10.1177/23742895211015337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on
education at all age levels, including professional schools and health
professions programs. We describe the experience of adapting preclinical medical
school courses within an integrated curriculum to virtual instruction. A major
feature of two of the courses were pathology small groups adapted from pathology
courses in the previous medical school curriculum. These small groups were
designed to use facilitated groups of 8 to 10 students. With a sudden change to
virtual learning, these small groups were shifted to large group virtual
sessions. In general, the conversion went well, with ongoing optimization of the
format of the large group sessions mainly occurring over the first several
sessions. End-of-course student evaluations were generally positive, but with a
preference toward returning to live sessions in the future. Scores on 5 multiple
choice examinations in the spring 2020 course were essentially identical in
mean, standard deviation, and distribution to examinations in the previous 2
years of the course that had similar layout and topic organization. We discuss
the challenges and successes of the switch to virtual instruction and of
teaching pathology content within an integrated medical school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John L Blau
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karra A Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leslie A Bruch
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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96
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Torboli D, Mioni G, Bussé C, Cagnin A, Vallesi A. Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:4653-4662. [PMID: 33994757 PMCID: PMC8105146 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis compared to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since an individual's feeling of time passage is strongly related to their cognitive and emotional state, it is conceivable to expect alterations of this construct in people with DLB during such a difficult period. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 22 patients with DLB (17 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 14 caregivers with similar age. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of present and past time spent under lockdown restrictions. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients' caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients' experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01811-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Torboli
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bussé
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Departiment of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annachiara Cagnin
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- grid.416308.80000 0004 1805 3485IRCCS San Camillo Hospital , Venice, Italy
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97
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Audrin C, Hascoët M. Bored to Be Wild: How Boredom Is Related to Pre-Service Teachers' Intention to Persist in Their Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4452. [PMID: 33922225 PMCID: PMC8122724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boredom is an emotion that often arises in an educational context. Past research suggests that boredom depends on specific cognitive appraisals, such as how people can control the task and how much they value it. Research further suggests that boredom is related to negative academic outcomes such as lower grades and a higher risk of dropping out. Here, we tested a mediation model on 324 pre-service teachers during the first lockdown of 2020 in Switzerland to assess (1) how control and value predicted boredom, and (2) how boredom was related to the intention to persist at university. We hypothesized that (1) the more participants felt lacking in control and low in value, the higher their boredom and (2) the more intense their boredom, the lower their intention to persist. We further hypothesized that both control and value would be positively related to the intention to persist, and this link may be mediated by boredom. Our results provide partial support for our mediation model as we found a significant indirect link between control and intention to persist through boredom. More specifically, the more participants lost control over their studies, the more they felt bored, which in turn was negatively related to their intention to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Audrin
- Media, Digital Use and Informatic Didactics Teaching and Research Unit, Lausanne University of Teacher Education, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine Hascoët
- Child to Adult Development Teaching and Research Unit, Lausanne University of Teacher Education, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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98
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Ogden R. Distortions to the passage of time during England's second national lockdown: A role for depression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250412. [PMID: 33878130 PMCID: PMC8057617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In attempts to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus, many governments have resorted to imposing national lockdowns on their citizens. Previous research has demonstrated the passage of time becomes distorted for many people during these lockdowns. To date, research has only examined how time was experienced early in initial lockdowns. The current study examined whether distortions to the passage of time were also present later into the global pandemic. An online questionnaire was used to collect passage of time judgments for the day, week and 8 month period since the first UK lockdown. In addition, measures of affect, social satisfaction, task-load, compliance and health status were also recorded. The results show that over 80% of people reported experiencing distortion to the passage of time during the second English lockdown in comparison with normal. Depression, satisfaction with social interaction and shielding status were found to be significant predictors of temporal distortion. A slower passage of time was associated with greater depression, shielding and greater dissatisfaction with social interactions. Feeling like it was longer than 8 months since the UK's first lockdown was associated with greater depression, increased dissatisfaction with social interaction and greater change of life as a result of lockdown. The results suggest that distortions to the passage of time are an enduring feature of lockdown life and that different factors predict temporal experience during different points in lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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A prospective, observational clinical trial on the impact of COVID-19-related national lockdown on thyroid hormone in young males. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7075. [PMID: 33782499 PMCID: PMC8007755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trying to manage the dramatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spread, many countries imposed national lockdown, radically changing the routinely life of humans worldwide. We hypothesized that both the pandemic per se and the consequent socio-psychological sequelae could constitute stressors for Italian population, potentially affecting the endocrine system. This study was designed to describe the effect of lockdown-related stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in a cohort of young men. A prospective, observational clinical trial was carried out, including patients attending the male infertility outpatient clinic before and after the national lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic. The study provided a baseline visit performed before and a follow-up visit after the lockdown in 2020. During the follow-up visit, hormonal measurements, lifestyle habits and work management were recorded. Thirty-one male subjects were enrolled (mean age: 31.6 ± 6.0 years). TSH significantly decreased after lockdown (p = 0.015), whereas no significant changes were observed in the testosterone, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and prolactin serum levels. No patient showed TSH serum levels above or below reference ranges, neither before nor after lockdown. Interestingly, TSH variation after lockdown was dependent on the working habit change during lockdown (p = 0.042). We described for the first time a TSH reduction after a stressful event in a prospective way, evaluating the HPT axis in the same population, before and after the national lockdown. This result reinforces the possible interconnection between psychological consequences of a stressful event and the endocrine regulation.
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Kellner AWA. Grim perspectives for Brazilian periodicals. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e2021931. [PMID: 33787690 DOI: 10.1590/0001-37652021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W A Kellner
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Tafonomia de Vertebrados Fósseis, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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