51
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Li Z, Xu W, Su Y, Gao K, Chen Y, Ma L, Xie Y. Nicotine induces insulin resistance via downregulation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocyte. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 495:110507. [PMID: 31315024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is strongly associated with insulin resistance and heart disease. Nicotine is considered the primary toxin constituent associated with smoking. However, the distinct molecular mechanism of nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Cardiomyocytes with nicotine-induced insulin resistance are characterized by decreased glucose uptake, as measured by 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG), a fluorescent derivative of glucose, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K, p85, Y607). We determined the impact of nicotine on insulin resistance and Nrf2, phospho-ERK and phospho-PI3K expression in the myocardial tissue of a mouse model. Nicotine increased ROS production and depressed insulin-induced glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, reversed nicotine-inhibited glucose uptake induced by insulin. Nicotine exposure directly inhibited Nrf2 and increased ERK phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, which were obstructed by NAC. Further exploration of signaling cascades revealed nicotine-induced ROS involved in inhibiting PI3K/Nrf2 and activating ERK in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the mouse model treated with nicotine showed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin tolerance accompanied by inhibited PI3K/Nrf2 and increased ERK in myocardial tissues. Thus, nicotine induces insulin resistance via the downregulation of Nrf2 activity in cardiomyocytes, which is a potential mechanism of the pharmacological effects of nicotine. This study identified potential therapeutic targets against nicotine-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwan Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019, Yi Tian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Molecular Medicine in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxiabei Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Emerging Screening Approaches in the Development of Nrf2-Keap1 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184445. [PMID: 31509940 PMCID: PMC6770765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to role of the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) in protecting cells from oxidative stress, the development of small molecule inhibitors that inhibit this interaction has arisen as a viable approach to combat maladies caused by oxidative stress, such as cancers, neurodegenerative disease and diabetes. To obtain specific and genuine Keap1–Nrf2 inhibitors, many efforts have been made towards developing new screening approaches. However, there is no inhibitor for this target entering the clinic for the treatment of human diseases. New strategies to identify novel bioactive compounds from large molecular databases and accelerate the developmental process of the clinical application of Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction inhibitors are greatly needed. In this review, we have summarized virtual screening and other methods for discovering new lead compounds against the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of different strategies, and the potential of this PPI as a drug target in disease therapy.
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin–induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Cicaloni V, Spiga O, Dimitri GM, Maiocchi R, Millucci L, Giustarini D, Bernardini G, Bernini A, Marzocchi B, Braconi D, Santucci A. Interactive alkaptonuria database: investigating clinical data to improve patient care in a rare disease. FASEB J 2019; 33:12696-12703. [PMID: 31462106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901529r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultrarare autosomal recessive disorder (MIM 203500) that is caused byby a complex set of mutations in homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenasegene and consequent accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA), causing a significant protein oxidation. A secondary form of amyloidosis was identified in AKU and related to high circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, which are linked with inflammation and oxidative stress and might contribute to disease progression and patients' poor quality of life. Recently, we reported that inflammatory markers (SAA and chitotriosidase) and oxidative stress markers (protein thiolation index) might be disease activity markers in AKU. Thanks to an international network, we collected genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical data from more than 200 patients with AKU. These data are currently stored in our AKU database, named ApreciseKUre. In this work, we developed an algorithm able to make predictions about the oxidative status trend of each patient with AKU based on 55 predictors, namely circulating HGA, body mass index, total cholesterol, SAA, and chitotriosidase. Our general aim is to integrate the data of apparently heterogeneous patients with AKUAKU by using specific bioinformatics tools, in order to identify pivotal mechanisms involved in AKU for a preventive, predictive, and personalized medicine approach to AKU.-Cicaloni, V., Spiga, O., Dimitri, G. M., Maiocchi, R., Millucci, L., Giustarini, D., Bernardini, G., Bernini, A., Marzocchi, B., Braconi, D., Santucci, A. Interactive alkaptonuria database: investigating clinical data to improve patient care in a rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cicaloni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Rebecca Maiocchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Lia Millucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Marzocchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Braconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Zhang Q, Wu C, Sun Y, Li T, Fan G. Cytoprotective Effect of Morchella esculenta Protein Hydrolysate and Its Derivative Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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56
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Xanthoangelol Prevents Ox-LDL–Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Activating Nrf2/ARE Signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:162-171. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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57
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-Raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108777. [PMID: 31376360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicorandil ameliorated doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity; this study aimed to show and explain the mechanism of this protection. A precise method was elucidated to study the effect of nicorandil on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats depending on the critical inflammation pathway TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B. Adult male rats were subdivided into four groups. The 1st group was normal control, the 2nd group received nicorandil (3 mg/kg; p.o., for 4 weeks), the 3rd group received doxorubicin (2.6 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 4 weeks), and the fourth group was combination of doxorubicin and nicorandil for 4 weeks. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by biochemical tests through measuring Kidney function biomarkers such as [serum levels of urea, creatinine, albumin and total protein] besides renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and cystatin C], oxidative stress parameters such as [renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), SOD, catalase and nrf-2], mediators of inflammation such as [Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), p38 MAPK, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] and markers of apoptosis [BAX and Bcl-2 in renal tissue]. Finally, our data were supported by histopathology examination. Nicorandil pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in nephrotoxicity biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators and prevented apoptosis through decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 in renal tissues. Nicorandil prevented all the histological alterations caused by doxorubicin. Nicorandil is a promising antidote against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by neutralizing all toxicity mechanisms caused by doxorubicin through normalizing inflammatory cascade of TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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58
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Tumova S, Kerimi A, Williamson G. Long term treatment with quercetin in contrast to the sulfate and glucuronide conjugates affects HIF1α stability and Nrf2 signaling in endothelial cells and leads to changes in glucose metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:158-168. [PMID: 31029788 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial functionality profoundly contributes to cardiovascular health. The effects of flavonoids shown to improve endothelial performance include regulating blood pressure by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidases, but their impact on glucose uptake and metabolism has not been explored. We treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with the flavonoid quercetin and its circulating metabolites acutely and chronically, then assessed glucose uptake, glucose metabolism, gene transcription and protein expression. Acute treatment had no effect on glucose uptake, ruling out any direct interaction with sugar transporters. Long term treatment with quercetin, but not quercetin 3-O-glucuronide or 3'-O-sulfate, significantly increased glucose uptake. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was induced by quercetin but not its conjugates, but was not implicated in the glucose uptake stimulation since hemin, a classical inducer of HO-1, did not affect glucose metabolism. Quercetin increased stability of the transcription factor hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF1α), a powerful stimulant of glucose metabolism, which was also paralleled by treatment with a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), which regulates the rate of glycolysis, was upregulated by both quercetin and DMOG. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK2 and PDK4 were down-regulated by both effectors, but only DMOG also upregulated PDK1 and PDK3. Quercetin, but not DMOG, increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Chronic quercetin treatment also stimulated glucose transport across the HUVEC monolyer in a 3D culture model. Gene expression of several flavonoid transporters was repressed by quercetin, but this was either abolished (Organic anion transporter polypeptide 4C1) or reversed (Multidrug resistance gene 1) by both conjugates. We conclude that quercetin and its circulating metabolites differentially modulate glucose uptake/metabolism in endothelial cells, through effects on HIF1α and transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Tumova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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59
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Tu W, Wang H, Li S, Liu Q, Sha H. The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis 2019; 10:637-651. [PMID: 31165007 PMCID: PMC6538222 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and cells, with hence posing a potential adverse impact on the whole organism. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway, which regulates the transcription of many several antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The redox-sensitive signaling system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress, inflammatory, carcinogenic, and pro-apoptotic conditions, which allows us to consider it as a pharmacological target. Herein, we review and discuss the recent advancements in the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, and its role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, e.g. such as in exercise, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, liver and kidney system, etc. and such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes of Stroke, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Li
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sha
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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60
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Hybertson BM, Gao B, Bose S, McCord JM. Phytochemical Combination PB125 Activates the Nrf2 Pathway and Induces Cellular Protection against Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050119. [PMID: 31058853 PMCID: PMC6563026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive phytochemicals in Rosmarinus officinalis, Withania somnifera, and Sophora japonica have a long history of human use to promote health. In this study we examined the cellular effects of a combination of extracts from these plant sources based on specified levels of their carnosol/carnosic acid, withaferin A, and luteolin levels, respectively. Individually, these bioactive compounds have previously been shown to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and regulates the expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective genes. We found that combinations of these three plant extracts act synergistically to activate the Nrf2 pathway, and we identified an optimized combination of the three agents which we named PB125 for use as a dietary supplement. Using microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and RNA-seq technologies, we examined the gene expression induced by PB125 in HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells, including canonical Nrf2-regulated genes, noncanonical Nrf2-regulated genes, and genes which appear to be regulated by non-Nrf2 mechanisms. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified Nrf2 as the primary pathway for gene expression changes by PB125. Pretreatment with PB125 protected cultured HepG2 cells against an oxidative stress challenge caused by cumene hydroperoxide exposure, by both cell viability and cell injury measurements. In summary, PB125 is a phytochemical dietary supplement comprised of extracts of three ingredients, Rosmarinus officinalis, Withania somnifera, and Sophora japonica, with specified levels of carnosol/carnosic acid, withaferin A, and luteolin, respectively. Each ingredient contributes to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in unique ways, which leads to upregulation of cytoprotective genes and protection of cells against oxidative stress and supports the use of PB125 as a dietary supplement to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks M Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | - Joe M McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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61
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Heightman TD, Callahan JF, Chiarparin E, Coyle JE, Griffiths-Jones C, Lakdawala AS, McMenamin R, Mortenson PN, Norton D, Peakman TM, Rich SJ, Richardson C, Rumsey WL, Sanchez Y, Saxty G, Willems HMG, Wolfe L, Woolford AJA, Wu Z, Yan H, Kerns JK, Davies TG. Structure–Activity and Structure–Conformation Relationships of Aryl Propionic Acid Inhibitors of the Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (KEAP1/NRF2) Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4683-4702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | | | - Joseph E. Coyle
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Rachel McMenamin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Paul N. Mortenson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - David Norton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Torren M. Peakman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sharna J. Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - William L. Rumsey
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Gordon Saxty
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Lawrence Wolfe
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | | | - Zining Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Hongxing Yan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Thomas G. Davies
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
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62
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Ge ZD, Lian Q, Mao X, Xia Z. Current Status and Challenges of NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2019; 60:512-520. [PMID: 30971629 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species produced excessively in diabetes mellitus cause necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of the myocardium as well as impair the cardiac structure and function. It is increasingly clear that oxidative stress is a principal cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) activates the transcription of more than 200 genes in the human genome. Most of the proteins translated from these genes possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-ferroptotic, and anti-fibrotic actions. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that NRF2 and its target genes are crucial in preventing high glucose-induced oxidative damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, many natural and synthetic activators of NRF2 are shown to possess promising therapeutic effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Targeting NRF2 signaling by pharmacological entities is a potential approach to ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the persistent high expression of NRF2 in cancer tissues also protects the growth of cancer cells. This "dark side" of NRF2 increases the challenges of using NRF2 activators to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, some NRF2 activators were found to have off-target effects. In this review, we summarize the current status and challenges of NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong
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63
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Du JX, Wu JZ, Li Z, Zhang C, Shi MT, Zhao J, Jin MW, Liu H. Pentamethylquercetin protects against cardiac remodeling via activation of Sestrin2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:412-420. [PMID: 30898320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is widely involved in pathophysiological processes of cardiac remodeling. Molecules associated with antioxidant functions may be ideal targets for reversing cardiac remodeling. Sestrin2 is the important component of endogenous antioxidant defense, while there is little information on the pathophysiological roles of it in cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Sestrin2 is closely involved in cardiac remodeling, and whether the protective effect of pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) on cardiac remodeling is related to upregulation of the Sestrin2 endogenous antioxidant system. We generated a transverse aorta constriction (TAC)-induced pressure-overload cardiac-remodeling model in mice, and also established an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) hypertrophy model. The data showed Sestrin2 expression was downregulated significantly, and Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was also reduced in myocardial tissue or NRCM of model group, whereas keap1 expression was upregulated. PMQ significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling and rectified the abnormal expression of Sestrin2/Nrf2/keap1. Sestrin2 small interfering RNA (SiRNA) reduced the protective effect of PMQ on NRCMs, as well as abolished its regulating effect on the Nrf2/keap1 pathway. In conclusion, Sestrin2 may be an important target in the anti-myocardial remodeling of PMQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xia Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jian-Zhao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Wen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, China.
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Cytoprotective effects of euxanthone against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury is mediated via Nrf2. Life Sci 2019; 223:174-184. [PMID: 30890405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic condition of the arterial vessels and a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Euxanthone is a xanthone compound extracted from Polygala caudata, and shows vasodilatory action. The aim of this study was to determine the potential pharmacological effects of euxanthone against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cell injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to ox-LDL, following pre-treatment with different concentrations of euxanthone. Viability, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were respectively assessed by CCK-8 assay, Annexin-V/PI staining and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. The cellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analyzed by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assays (ELISA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH) staining. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were respectively used to analyze the expression levels of specific mRNAs and proteins. HUVECs were transfected with Nrf2 siRNA to induce knockdown of the latter. KEY FINDINGS Euxanthone pre-treatment rescued the HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, euxanthone also significantly reversed ox-LDL-triggered loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytosol, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Pre-treatment with euxanthone markedly suppressed ox-LDL-induced ROS generation and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors like MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the HUVECs. Euxanthone up-regulated and activated Nrf2 by repressing Keap1, and increased the expression of its downstream genes HO-1 and NQO-1. Nrf2 knockdown abrogated the cyto-protective, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of euxanthone in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Finally, euxanthone activated Nrf2 via the MAPK pathway and blocking the latter likewise negated the protective effects of euxanthone against cell ox-LDL. SIGNIFICANCE Euxanthone protected HUVECs against the oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by ox-LDL, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for AS.
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Chandran R, Kim T, Mehta SL, Udho E, Chanana V, Cengiz P, Kim H, Kim C, Vemuganti R. A combination antioxidant therapy to inhibit NOX2 and activate Nrf2 decreases secondary brain damage and improves functional recovery after traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1818-1827. [PMID: 29083257 PMCID: PMC6168911 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17738701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress contributes to the secondary neuronal death that promotes long-term neurological dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Surprisingly, both NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) that increases and transcription factor Nrf2 that decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced after TBI. As the post-injury functional outcome depends on the balance of these opposing molecular pathways, we evaluated the effect of TBI on the motor and cognitive deficits and cortical contusion volume in NOX2 and Nrf2 knockout mice. Genetic deletion of NOX2 improved, while Nrf2 worsened the post-TBI motor function recovery and lesion volume indicating that decreasing ROS levels might be beneficial after TBI. Treatment with either apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor) or TBHQ (Nrf2 activator) alone significantly improved the motor function after TBI, but had no effect on the lesion volume, compared to vehicle control. Whereas, the combo therapy (apocynin + TBHQ) given at either 5 min/24 h or 2 h/24 h improved motor and cognitive function and decreased cortical contusion volume compared to vehicle group. Thus, both the generation and disposal of ROS are important modulators of oxidative stress, and a combo therapy that prevents ROS formation and potentiates ROS disposal concurrently is efficacious after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - TaeHee Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eshwar Udho
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vishal Chanana
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pelin Cengiz
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - HwuiWon Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chanul Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,3 William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Luo JF, Shen XY, Lio CK, Dai Y, Cheng CS, Liu JX, Yao YD, Yu Y, Xie Y, Luo P, Yao XS, Liu ZQ, Zhou H. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Nardochinoid C Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 30233360 PMCID: PMC6131578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis have neuroprotection and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the specific mechanism of N. chinensis is not yet clear. Nardochinoid C (DC) is a new compound with new skeleton isolated from N. chinensis and this study for the first time explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of DC. The results showed that DC significantly reduced the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also obviously inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Besides, the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also remarkably inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. DC also suppressed inflammation indicators including COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, DC inhibited the macrophage M1 phenotype and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed that DC mainly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, increased the level of anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thus produced the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, which were abolished by Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibitor. These findings suggested that DC could be a new Nrf2 activator for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chon Kit Lio
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Song Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Bruns DR, Ehrlicher SE, Khademi S, Biela LM, Peelor FF, Miller BF, Hamilton KL. Differential effects of vitamin C or protandim on skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:661-671. [PMID: 29856263 PMCID: PMC6139515 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00277.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining proteostasis is a key mechanism for preserving cell function. Exercise-stimulated proteostasis is regulated, in part, by redox-sensitive signaling. Several studies suggest that supplementation with exogenous antioxidants blunts exercise-induced cellular adaptations, although this conclusion lacks consensus. Our group uses a fundamentally different approach to maintain redox balance by treatment with bioactive phytochemicals to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and downstream endogenous antioxidant pathways. We hypothesized that vitamin C (VitC) would interfere with redox-sensitive proteostatic mechanisms in skeletal muscle, whereas phytochemical treatment would permit proteostatic maintenance. We measured protein and DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle from high-volume voluntary wheel-running rats. Whereas phytochemical treatment permitted mitochondrial and other proteostatic adaptations to exercise, VitC treatment did not. During an in vitro oxidative challenge, phytochemical treatment helped maintain proteostasis, including the mitochondrial fraction while VitC did not. Our findings support the conclusion that VitC can blunt some of the beneficial adaptations to exercise. We propose that regulation of endogenous antioxidants represents a novel approach to maintain redox balance while still permitting redox-sensitive proteostatic adaptations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether vitamin C blocks aerobic exercise adaptions lacks consensus, perhaps because of approaches that only assess markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. By directly measuring mitochondrial biogenesis, we demonstrate that vitamin C blunts exercise-induced adaptations. Furthermore, we show that treatment with Protandim, a purported nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator that upregulates endogenous antioxidants, permits mitochondrial biogenesis. We confirm that vitamin C blunts aerobic exercise adaptions, whereas Protandim does not, suggesting targeting the endogenous antioxidant network facilitates adaptations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bruns
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sarah E Ehrlicher
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Shadi Khademi
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie M Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
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Timme-Laragy AR, Hahn ME, Hansen JM, Rastogi A, Roy MA. Redox stress and signaling during vertebrate embryonic development: Regulation and responses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:17-28. [PMID: 28927759 PMCID: PMC5650060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate embryonic development requires specific signaling events that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation to occur at the correct place and the correct time in order to build a healthy embryo. Signaling pathways are sensitive to perturbations of the endogenous redox state, and are also susceptible to modulation by reactive species and antioxidant defenses, contributing to a spectrum of passive vs. active effects that can affect redox signaling and redox stress. Here we take a multi-level, integrative approach to discuss the importance of redox status for vertebrate developmental signaling pathways and cell fate decisions, with a focus on glutathione/glutathione disulfide, thioredoxin, and cysteine/cystine redox potentials and the implications for protein function in development. We present a tissue-specific example of the important role that reactive species play in pancreatic development and metabolic regulation. We discuss NFE2L2 (also known as NRF2) and related proteins, their roles in redox signaling, and their regulation of glutathione during development. Finally, we provide examples of xenobiotic compounds that disrupt redox signaling in the context of vertebrate embryonic development. Collectively, this review provides a systems-level perspective on the innate and inducible antioxidant defenses, as well as their roles in maintaining redox balance during chemical exposures that occur in critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Therapeutic Potential of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Human Diseases Based on Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense System: Bioactive Constituents and Mechanism of Action. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7309073. [PMID: 30050659 PMCID: PMC6040253 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating the intracellular antioxidant response and is an emerging target for the prevention and therapy of oxidative stress-related diseases. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is commonly used for the therapy of cardiac cerebral diseases. Cumulative evidences indicated that the extract of SMRR and its constituents, represented by lipophilic diterpenoid quinones and hydrophilic phenolic acids, were capable of activating Nrf2 and inhibiting oxidative stress. These bioactive constituents demonstrated a therapeutic potential against human diseases, exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, nephropathy, and inflammation, based on the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In the present review, we introduced the SMRR and Nrf2 signaling pathway, summarized the constituents with an Nrf2-inducing effect isolated from SMRR, and discussed the molecular mechanism and pharmacological functions of the SMRR extract and its constituents.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological stress in chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with systemic neurohormonal and immune system responses and increased mortality. Autophagy refers to the biological process of degradation and recycling of dysfunctional cellular components. We investigated the role of psychological stress on autophagy function in CHF mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction, with or without combined acoustic and restraint stress, and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography analysis. Serum corticosterone and angiotensin II (Ang II) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autophagy and oxidative stress were measured with immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and chloroquine and rapamycin were used to detect autophagy flux. In vivo, cardiomyocytes were cultured with or without Ang II or N-acetylcysteine, and autophagy and oxidative stress were also detected. RESULTS A 1-week stress exposure significantly increased serum levels of corticosterone and Ang II (p = .000), increased levels of oxidative stress, induced overt heart failure, and increased mortality (p = .002). Furthermore, stress exposure unregulated messenger RNA expression of Bcl-2-interacting coiled-coil protein 1 (10.891 [3.029] versus 4.754 [1.713], p = .001), cysteine-rich domain containing beclin-1 interacting (6.403 [1.813] versus 3.653 [0.441], p = .006), and autophagy 7 (111.696 [4.049] versus 6.189 [1.931], p = .017), increased expression of autophagosomal, and decreased clearance of autophagosomes. In vitro, Ang II significantly increased autophagy flux in cultured cardiomyocytes, which could be partly inhibited by N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Psychological stress may contribute to the development of CHF by enhancing heart oxidative stress and impairing autophagy flux.
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Georgiadis N, Tsarouhas K, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Rezaee R, Germanakis I, Tsatsakis A, Stagos D, Kouretas D. Pesticides and cardiotoxicity. Where do we stand? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:1-14. [PMID: 29885332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant causes of mortality in humans. Pesticides toxicity and risk for human health are controlled at a European level through a well-developed regulatory network, but cardiotoxicity is not described as a separate hazard class. Specific classification criteria should be developed within the frame of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to classify chemicals as cardiotoxic, if applicable to avoid long-term cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to review the cardiac pathology and function impairment due to exposure to pesticides (i.e. organophosphates, organothiophisphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids, dipyridyl herbicides, triazoles, triazines) based on both animal and human data. The majority of human data on cardiotoxicity of pesticides come from poisoning cases and epidemiological data. Several cardiovascular complications have been reported in animal models including electrocardiogram abnormalities, myocardial infarction, impaired systolic and diastolic performance, functional remodeling and histopathological findings, such as haemorrhage, vacuolisation, signs of apoptosis and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgiadis
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Voutes, Heraklion, 71409 Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry- Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece.
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Corynoline Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through Activating Nrf2. Inflammation 2018; 41:1640-1647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
There are multiple intrinsic mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction ranging from molecular to structural derangements in ventricular myocardium. The molecular mechanisms regulating the progression from normal diastolic function to severe dysfunction still remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a potentially important role of core cardio-enriched transcription factors (TFs) in the control of cardiac diastolic function in health and disease through their ability to regulate the expression of target genes involved in the process of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. The current relevant findings on the role of a variety of such TFs (TBX5, GATA-4/6, SRF, MYOCD, NRF2, and PITX2) in cardiac diastolic dysfunction and failure are updated, emphasizing their potential as promising targets for novel treatment strategies. In turn, the new animal models described here will be key tools in determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Since diastolic dysfunction is regulated by various TFs, which are also involved in cross talk with each other, there is a need for more in-depth research from a biomedical perspective in order to establish efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
The NFE2L2 gene encodes the transcription factor Nrf2 best known for regulating the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Gene knockout approaches have demonstrated its universal cytoprotective features. While Nrf2 has been the topic of intensive research in cancer biology since its discovery in 1994, understanding the role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular disease has just begun. The literature concerning Nrf2 in experimental models of atherosclerosis, ischemia, reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and diabetes supports its cardiac protective character. In addition to antioxidant and detoxification genes, Nrf2 has been found to regulate genes participating in cell signaling, transcription, anabolic metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and organ development, suggesting that Nrf2 governs damage resistance as well as wound repair and tissue remodeling. A long list of small molecules, most derived from natural products, have been characterized as Nrf2 inducers. These compounds disrupt Keap1-mediated Nrf2 ubquitination, thereby prohibiting proteasomal degradation and allowing Nrf2 protein to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus, where Nrf2 interacts with sMaf to bind to ARE in the promoter of genes. Recently alternative mechanisms driving Nrf2 protein increase have been revealed, including removal of Keap1 by autophagy due to p62/SQSTM1 binding, inhibition of βTrCP or Synoviolin/Hrd1-mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2, and de novo Nrf2 protein translation. We review here a large volume of literature reporting historical and recent discoveries about the function and regulation of Nrf2 gene. Multiple lines of evidence presented here support the potential of dialing up the Nrf2 pathway for cardiac protection in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anthony J Maltagliati
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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Quercetin Prevents Diastolic Dysfunction Induced by a High-Cholesterol Diet: Role of Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics in Hyperglycemic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7239123. [PMID: 29576853 PMCID: PMC5821945 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hypercholesterolemia associated with bioenergetic impairment and oxidative stress has not been well characterized in the cardiac function under glycemic control deficiency conditions. This work aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects of quercetin (QUE) against the damage induced by a high-cholesterol (HC) diet in hyperglycemic rats, addressing intracellular antioxidant mechanisms and bioenergetics. Quercetin reduced HC-induced alterations in the lipid profile and glycemia in rats. In addition, QUE attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction (increased E:A ratio), prevented cardiac cholesterol accumulation, and reduced the increase in HC-induced myocyte density. Moreover, QUE reduced HC-induced oxidative stress by preventing the decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, HO-1 expression, and antioxidant enzymatic activity. Quercetin also counteracted HC-induced bioenergetic impairment, preventing a reduction in ATP levels and alterations in PGC-1α, UCP2, and PPARγ expression. In conclusion, the mechanisms that support the cardioprotective effect of QUE in rats with HC might be mediated by the upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and improved bioenergetics on the heart. Targeting bioenergetics with QUE can be used as a pharmacological approach to modulate structural and functional changes of the heart under hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic conditions.
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Mohajeri M, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity and resistance: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 122:30-51. [PMID: 29458788 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity and resistance are major obstacles in chemotherapeutic approaches. Despite effective in the treatment of numerous malignancies, some clinicians have voiced concern that DOX has the potential to cause debilitating consequences in organ tissues, especially the heart. The mechanisms of toxicity and resistance are respectively related to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Curcumin (CUR) with several biological and pharmacological properties is expected to restore DOX-mediated impairments to tissues. This review is intended to address the current knowledge on DOX adverse effects and CUR protective actions in the heart, kidneys, liver, brain, and reproductive organs. Coadministration of CUR and DOX is capable of ameliorating DOX toxicity pertained to antioxidant, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Deng ZY, Shan WG, Wang SF, Hu MM, Chen Y. Effects of astaxanthin on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:663-672. [PMID: 27951728 PMCID: PMC6130668 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1261905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a xanthophyll carotenoid that reduces hemostasis in hyperlipidemic organisms. Its antihemostatic mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The effects of ASTX on coagulation, the fibrinolytic system and platelet aggregation were investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different doses of ASTX (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for four weeks to high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR) were determined by a coagulation analyzer. The activities of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as well as the levels of thromboxane B(2) [TXB(2)], 6-keto prostaglandin F(1α) [6-keto-PGF(1α)] and platelet granule membrane protein (GMP-140), were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Gene and protein expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS ASTX (30 mg/kg) treatment in hyperlipidemic rats reduced serum TG (0.58 ± 0.14 versus 1.12 ± 0.24 mmol/L), serum TC (1.77 ± 0.22 versus 2.24 ± 0.21 mmol/L), serum LDL-C (1.13 ± 0.32 versus 2.04 ± 0.48 mmol/L), serum MDA (69%), plasma MAR (55%), serum TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α (34%) and serum GMP-140 levels (25%), plasma PAI-1 activity (48%) and downregulated the mRNA (33%) and protein (23%) expression of aorta eNOS, the mRNA (79%) and protein (72%) expression levels of aorta PAI-1. However, ASTX (30 mg/kg/d) treatment increased serum SOD activity (2.1 fold), serum GPx activity (1.8 fold), plasma PT (1.3 fold), plasma APTT (1.7 fold), serum NO (1.4-fold), serum 6-keto-PGF1α (1.3 fold). CONCLUSIONS ASTX reduced blood coagulation and platelet aggregation and promoted fibrinolytic activity in hyperlipidemic rats. These activities were closely correlated with ASTX, maintaining the balance of t-PA/PAI-1, NO/ROS and TXA2/PGI2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yue Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Feng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Mei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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78
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Elgharabawy RM, Elgharbawy DM, Emara AM. Activation of the molecular and functional effects of Nrf2 against chronic iron oxide nanorod overload-induced cardiotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:870-885. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117741751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have a significant role in the pathogenesis of iron oxide nanorod (IONR) overload-induced organ toxicity in some organs such as the lungs. Green tea induces upregulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes that are transcriptionally organized by the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that when activated antagonize the oxidative stress induced by IONR overload that causes cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether treatment of cardiotoxicity with iron chelators (deferiprone (DFP) or deferoxamine (DFO)) alone or in combination with phytochemical activation of Nrf2 (green tea) can protect cardiomyocytes from IONR overload-induced cardiotoxicity. One hundred five rats were distributed into seven groups: two control groups (non-IONR-overloaded and IONR-overloaded) and five IONR-overloaded groups such as a green tea group, DFP group, DFP combined with green tea group, DFO group, and DFO combined with green tea. Blood samples and cardiac tissues were obtained for estimation of total iron-binding capacity, ratio of myocardial 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine/myocardial 2-deoxyguanosine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione (GSH) contents, and histopathological examination. The results showed mild histopathological changes in the heart and a significant decrease in all biochemical parameters, except for myocardial GSH, in the DFP group. The addition of green tea improved the biochemical and histopathological results compared with chelators alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- RM Elgharabawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - DM Elgharbawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - AM Emara
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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79
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Izumi Y, Kataoka H, Inose Y, Akaike A, Koyama Y, Kume T. Neuroprotective effect of an Nrf2-ARE activator identified from a chemical library on dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:470-479. [PMID: 29154837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which induces the production of antioxidant enzymes, is a possible therapeutic target for treating diseases related to oxidative stress. Nrf2 activators often exhibit cytotoxicity due to nonspecific electrophilic reactions with thiol groups. We screened a chemical library to explore Nrf2 activators with a wide safety margin. In at least in vitro experiments, TPNA10168, identified from the library, showed a higher efficacy in Nrf2 activation and a lower cytotoxicity than sulforaphane, a well-known Nrf2 activator. The present study demonstrated the protective effect of TPNA10168 against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity. In PC12 cells, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 was upregulated by TPNA10168 and participated in the protective effect. In primary mesencephalic cultures, heme oxygenase-1, upregulated by TPNA10168 in astrocytes, provided protection of dopaminergic neurons via a guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G signaling pathway via carbon monoxide. These results suggest that the compound identified from the chemical library may be suitable as a neuroprotective agent with the ability to induce antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Harue Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Inose
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Akaike
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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80
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Perez-Leal O, Barrero CA, Merali S. Pharmacological stimulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 translation activates antioxidant responses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14108-14121. [PMID: 28684421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and its function is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. It is well-known that Nrf2 is regulated at the protein level by proteasomal degradation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), but how Nrf2 is regulated at the translational level is less clear. Here, we show that pharmacological stimulation increases Nrf2 levels by overcoming basal translational repression. We developed a novel reporter assay that enabled identification of natural compounds that induce Nrf2 translation by a mechanism independent of Keap1-mediated degradation. Apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol all induced Nrf2 translation. More importantly, the pharmacologically induced Nrf2 overcomes Keap1 regulation, translocates to the nucleus, and activates the antioxidant response. We conclude that translational regulation controls physiological levels of Nrf2, and this can be modulated by apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol. Also, targeting this mechanism with novel compounds could provide new insights into prevention and treatment of multiple diseases in which oxidative stress plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Perez-Leal
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
| | - Carlos Alberto Barrero
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Salim Merali
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
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81
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tanshinone IIA derivatives as novel endothelial protective agents. Future Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury is a main risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) exerts protective functions on endothelial cells in response to oxidative stress. To exploit new bioactive compounds from this natural product, 12 derivatives were first synthesized and evaluated for endothelial protective activities. Materials & methods: Title compounds were prepared according to high-yielded synthetic routes, and their protective effects on human endothelial EA.hy926 cells were evaluated. To explore the mechanism, their inhibition on apoptosis of endothelial cells and Nrf2 activating activities were investigated. Furthermore, computational ADME prediction and water solubility assay were carried out for active compounds. Results: Most of them exhibited potent endothelial protective effects on EA.hy926 cells injured by H2O2. In particular, compounds I-2 and II showed increased activity and water solubility compared with Tan IIA. Moreover, they reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells. A further exploration on the two compounds suggested that their actions were mediated by upregulation of antioxidant genes through activating Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion: These Tan IIA derivatives clearly showed related activities for the development of a new type of endothelial protective agents. [Formula: see text]
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82
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Hwang AR, Han JH, Lim JH, Kang YJ, Woo CH. Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178278. [PMID: 28542559 PMCID: PMC5439952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are emerging as important mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidative effects of statins on AGEs. It has been reported that statins exert pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system due to decreases in AGE-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vascular inflammation. Thus, in the present study, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism by which statins decrease AGE-induced cell proliferation and VSMC migration. In cultured VSMCs, statins upregulated Nrf2-related antioxidant gene, NQO1 and HO-1, via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway. Inhibition of ERK5 by siRNA or BIX02189 (a specific ERK5 inhibitor) reduced the statin-induced upregulations of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. Furthermore, fluvastatin was found to significantly increase ARE promoter activity through ERK5 signaling, and to inhibit AGE-induced VSMC proliferation and migration as determined by MTT assay, cell counting, FACS analysis, a wound scratch assay, and a migration chamber assay. In addition, AGE-induced proliferation was diminished in the presence of Ad-CA-MEK5α encoding a constitutively active mutant form of MEK5α (an upstream kinase of ERK5), whereas depletion of Nrf2 restored statin-mediated reduction of AGE-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, fluvastatin suppressed the protein expressions of cyclin D1 and Cdk4, but induced p27, and blocked VSMC proliferation by regulating cell cycle. These results suggest statin-induced activation of an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway reduces VSMC proliferation and migration induced by AGEs, and that the ERK5-Nrf2 signal module be viewed as a potential therapeutic target of vasculopathy in patients with diabetes and complications of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
- Fluvastatin
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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83
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Qin J, He Y, Duan M, Luo M. Effects of Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Heme Oxygenase 1 on splanchnic hemodynamics in experimental cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Microvasc Res 2016; 111:12-19. [PMID: 28025064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) on splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats. METHODS Experimental cirrhosis with portal hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. The expression of proteins was examined by immunoblotting. Hemodynamic studies were performed by radioactive microspheres. The vascular perfusion system was used to measure the contractile response of mesentery arterioles in rats. RESULTS Nrf2 expression in the nucleus and HO-1 expression in cytoplasm was significantly enhanced in portal hypertensive rats. Portal pressure, as well as regional blood flow, increased significantly in portal hypertension and can be blocked by tin protoporphyrin IX. The expression of endogenous nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factors increased significantly compared to normal rats, while HO-1 inhibition decreased the expression of these proteins significantly. The contractile response of mesenteric arteries decreased in portal hypertension, but can be partially recovered through tin protoporphyrin IX treatment. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Nrf2/HO-1 increased in mesenteric arteries of portal hypertensive rats, which was related to oxidative stress. HO-1was involved in increased portal pressure and anomaly splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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84
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G-Quadruplex in the NRF2 mRNA 5' Untranslated Region Regulates De Novo NRF2 Protein Translation under Oxidative Stress. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 37:MCB.00122-16. [PMID: 27736771 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00122-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of protein synthesis serves as a general measure of cellular consequences of chemical stress. A few proteins are translated selectively and influence cell fate. How these proteins can bypass the general control of translation remains unknown. We found that low to mild doses of oxidants induce de novo translation of the NRF2 protein. Here we demonstrate the presence of a G-quadruplex structure in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of NRF2 mRNA, as measured by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and dimethylsulfate footprinting analyses. Such a structure is important for 5'-UTR activity, since its removal by sequence mutation eliminated H2O2-induced activation of the NRF2 5' UTR. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics revealed elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) as a protein binding to the G-quadruplex sequence. Cells responded to H2O2 treatment by increasing the EF1a protein association with NRF2 mRNA, as measured by RNA-protein interaction assays. The EF1a interaction with small and large subunits of ribosomes did not appear to change due to H2O2 treatment, nor did posttranslational modifications, as measured by two-dimensional (2-D) Western blot analysis. Since NRF2 encodes a transcription factor essential for protection against tissue injury, our data have revealed a novel mechanism of cellular defense involving de novo NRF2 protein translation governed by the EF1a interaction with the G-quadruplex in the NRF2 5' UTR during oxidative stress.
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85
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Li X, Jia B, Yang Y, Zhou P, Li P, Chen J. Miltirone protects human EA.hy926 endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-derived oxidative stress via a heme oxygenase-1 and MAPK/Nrf2 dependent pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1806-1813. [PMID: 27912883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is an underlying cause of endothelial dysfunction, which is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In our previous study, we established an ARE-driven luciferase reporter system and screened out several potential Nrf2 activators from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. PURPOSE Since miltirone showed the most potent ARE-driven luciferase activity, the aim of this study was to test the protective role of miltirone against oxidative stress in endothelial cell and to investigate the underlying mechanistic signaling pathways. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD In the present study, miltirone increased the expression of nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which led to augmented expression of antioxidant-response element (ARE)-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 by RNA interference abolished miltirone-induced cytoprotective effects against ox-LDL, which suggested that Nrf2 and the downstream expression of HO-1 are required for the functional effects of miltirone. Ox-LDL-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, ROS production, and miltirone dramatically inhibited synthesis of ROS, as well as decreased SOD and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. RESULTS Miltirone-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The activation of MAPK was partially dependent on the phosphorylation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, but not P38 MAPK signaling. However, miltirone-induced Nrf2/HO-1 expression can only be effectively blocked by JNK inhibitor SP600125. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that miltirone exerts protective functions on endothelial cells in response to ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress, and does so via Nrf2/HO-1, which provides novel insights into the antioxidant capacity of miltirone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bingjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China; State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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86
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Kubben N, Zhang W, Wang L, Voss TC, Yang J, Qu J, Liu GH, Misteli T. Repression of the Antioxidant NRF2 Pathway in Premature Aging. Cell 2016; 165:1361-1374. [PMID: 27259148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, invariably fatal premature aging disorder. The disease is caused by constitutive production of progerin, a mutant form of the nuclear architectural protein lamin A, leading, through unknown mechanisms, to diverse morphological, epigenetic, and genomic damage and to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attrition in vivo. Using a high-throughput siRNA screen, we identify the NRF2 antioxidant pathway as a driver mechanism in HGPS. Progerin sequesters NRF2 and thereby causes its subnuclear mislocalization, resulting in impaired NRF2 transcriptional activity and consequently increased chronic oxidative stress. Suppressed NRF2 activity or increased oxidative stress is sufficient to recapitulate HGPS aging defects, whereas reactivation of NRF2 activity in HGPS patient cells reverses progerin-associated nuclear aging defects and restores in vivo viability of MSCs in an animal model. These findings identify repression of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative response as a key contributor to the premature aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ty C Voss
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiping Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Higgins M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Shahat AA, Elghazawy NH, Arafa RK. Synthesis, molecular modeling and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of novel 2-phenylquinazolin-4-amine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1612-8. [PMID: 27052554 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1158714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an integral role in the pathogenesis of most diseases. This work presents the design and synthesis of novel 2-phenylquinazolin-4-amine derivatives (2-12) and evaluation of their NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inducer activity in murine cells. Also, molecular docking of all the new compounds was performed to assess their ability to inhibit Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction through occupying the Keap1-Nrf2-binding domain which biologically leads to a consequent Nrf2 accumulation and enhanced gene expression of NQO1. Docking results showed that all compounds have the ability to interact with Keap1; however compound 7, the most active compound in this study, showed more interactions with key amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- b Department of Drug Radiation Research , National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority , Nasr City , Egypt
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maureen Higgins
- c Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- c Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
- d Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- e Phytochemistry Department , National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Reem K Arafa
- f Zewail City of Science and Technology , Cairo , Egypt , and
- g Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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88
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Dong Q, Hou H, Wu J, Chen Y. The Nrf2-ARE pathway is associated with Schisandrin b attenuating benzo(a)pyrene-Induced HTR cells damages in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1439-1449. [PMID: 25946486 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As is ubiquitous in the environmental sources, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been reported to induce reprotoxicity in previous studies. Toxicity to trophoblast cells may be one key factor, but evidences were absent. We speculated that BaP can induce cytotoxicity in human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo (HTR) cells, and Schisandrin B (Sch B) as a potential protector can inhibit the cytotoxicity. MTS assay identified that BaP induced HTR cells death while Sch B played a cytoprotective role. And after Nrf2 interference, the ability of Sch B-induced cytoprotection was declined. Furthermore, PCR, western blot, ELISA, and SOD assays were found that Sch B significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO1, NQO1, and SOD in the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and the extents of increase were declined after Nrf2 interference. These results demonstrated that the Nrf2-ARE pathway plays an important role in Sch B attenuating BaP-induced HTR cells damages in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1439-1449, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qulong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Haiyan Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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89
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Higgins M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Shahat AA, Elghazawy NH, Arafa RK. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of some novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2515-24. [PMID: 27540279 PMCID: PMC4982500 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements pathway enables cells to survive oxidative stress conditions through regulating the expression of cytoprotective enzymes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This work presents the design and synthesis of novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives (2-16a) and evaluation of their NQO1 inducer activity in murine cells. Molecular docking of the new compounds was performed to assess their ability to inhibit Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction through occupying the Keap1-Nrf2-binding domain, which leads to Nrf2 accumulation and enhanced gene expression of NQO1. Docking results showed that all compounds can potentially interact with Keap1; however, 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(2-phenylquinazolin-4-ylamino)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one (9), the most potent inducer, showed the largest number of interactions with key amino acids in the binding pocket (Arg483, Tyr525, and Phe478) compared to the native ligand or any other compound in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza
| | | | - Reem K Arafa
- Zewail City of Science and Technology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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90
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Xu Z, Wang S, Ji H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tan Y, Wintergerst K, Zheng Y, Sun J, Cai L. Broccoli sprout extract prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via Nrf2 activation in db/db T2DM mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30252. [PMID: 27457280 PMCID: PMC4960533 DOI: 10.1038/srep30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a clinic-relevant protocol for systemic up-regulation of NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), male db/db and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were given sulforaphane (SFN, an Nrf2 activator) and its natural source, broccoli sprout extract (BSE) by gavage every other day for 3 months, with four groups: vehicle (0.1 ml/10 g), BSE-low dose (estimated SFN availability at 0.5 mg/kg), BSE-high dose (estimated SFN availability at 1.0 mg/kg), and SFN (0.5 mg/kg). Cardiac function and pathological changes (hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative damage) were assessed by echocardiography and histopathological examination along with Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Both BSE and SFN significantly prevented diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Mechanistically, BSE, like SFN, significantly up-regulated Nrf2 transcriptional activity, evidenced by the increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and its downstream gene expression. This resulted in a significant prevention of cardiac oxidative damage and inflammation. For all these preventive effects, BSE at high dose provided a similar effect as did SFN. These results indicated that BSE at high dose prevents DCM in a manner congruent with SFN treatment. Therefore, it suggests that BSE could potentially be used as a natural and safe treatment against DCM via Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Honglei Ji
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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91
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Shi X, Li Y, Hu J, Yu B. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:123-30. [PMID: 27220726 PMCID: PMC4899004 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been demonstrated to attenuate oxidative stress-induced injury and the apoptosis of human neural stem cells and other cell types. However, whether tBHQ is able to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has not yet been determined. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether tBHQ protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against ethanol-induced apoptosis. For this purpose, four sets of experiments were performed under standard culture conditions as follows: i) untreated control cells; ii) cell treatment with 200 mM ethanol; iii) cell treatment with 5 µM tBHQ; and iv) cell pre-treatment with 5 µM tBHQ for 24 h, followed by medium change and co-culture with 200 mM ethanol containing 5 µM tBHQ for a further 24 h. The viability of the cardiomyocytes was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis, and Nrf2 nuclear localization was observed by immunofluorescence. Exposure to ethanol led to a decrease in the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, accompanied by an increase in ROS generation and in the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Pre-treatment with tBHQ significantly prevented the H9c2 cells from undergoing ethanol-induced apoptosis. tBHQ also increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), whereas Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression was decreased. tBHQ promoted Nrf2 nuclear localization and increased the expression of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and simultaneously inhibited the ethanol-induced overproduction of intracellular ROS. Therefore, tBHQ confers protection against the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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92
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Davies TG, Wixted WE, Coyle JE, Griffiths-Jones C, Hearn K, McMenamin R, Norton D, Rich SJ, Richardson C, Saxty G, Willems HMG, Woolford AJA, Cottom JE, Kou JP, Yonchuk JG, Feldser HG, Sanchez Y, Foley JP, Bolognese BJ, Logan G, Podolin PL, Yan H, Callahan JF, Heightman TD, Kerns JK. Monoacidic Inhibitors of the Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1: Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (KEAP1:NRF2) Protein–Protein Interaction with High Cell Potency Identified by Fragment-Based Discovery. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3991-4006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Davies
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - William E. Wixted
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Joseph E. Coyle
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Keisha Hearn
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Rachel McMenamin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - David Norton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sharna J. Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Gordon Saxty
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | | | - Joshua E. Cottom
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 1250 South Collegeville
Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jen-Pyng Kou
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - John G. Yonchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Heidi G. Feldser
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Joseph P. Foley
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Brian J. Bolognese
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Gregory Logan
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Patricia L. Podolin
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Hongxing Yan
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge
Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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93
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Simon JN, Ziberna K, Casadei B. Compromised redox homeostasis, altered nitroso-redox balance, and therapeutic possibilities in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:510-8. [PMID: 26786158 PMCID: PMC4777914 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the initiation, development, and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been linked to alterations in myocyte redox state, the field lacks a complete understanding of the impact these changes may have on cellular signalling, atrial electrophysiology, and disease progression. Recent studies demonstrate spatiotemporal changes in reactive oxygen species production shortly after the induction of AF in animal models with an uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase activity ensuing in the presence of long-standing persistent AF, ultimately leading to a major shift in nitroso–redox balance. However, it remains unclear which radical or non-radical species are primarily involved in the underlying mechanisms of AF or which proteins are targeted for redox modification. In most instances, only free radical oxygen species have been assessed; yet evidence from the redox signalling field suggests that non-radical species are more likely to regulate cellular processes. A wider appreciation for the distinction of these species and how both species may be involved in the development and maintenance of AF could impact treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize how redox second-messenger systems are regulated and discuss the recent evidence for alterations in redox regulation in the atrial myocardium in the presence of AF, while identifying some critical missing links. We also examine studies looking at antioxidants for the prevention and treatment of AF and propose alternative redox targets that may serve as superior therapeutic options for the treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Simon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klemen Ziberna
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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94
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Cui T, Lai Y, Janicki JS, Wang X. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated protein quality control in cardiomyocytes. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:192-202. [PMID: 26709769 DOI: 10.2741/4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein quality control (PQC) acts to minimize the level and toxicity of malfolded proteins in the cell. It is performed by an elaborate network of molecular chaperones and targeted protein degradation pathways. PQC monitors and maintains protein homeostasis or proteostasis in the cells. Whilst chaperones may actively promote refolding of malfolded proteins, the malfolded proteins which cannot be correctly refolded are degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagic-lysosome pathway (ALP). The UPS degrades individual misfolded protein molecules, whereas the ALP removes large and less soluble protein aggregates and organelles. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated and inadequate PQC play an important role in the pathogenesis of not only classic conformational disease but more common forms of cardiac pathology such as cardiac pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor of cellular defense, appears to regulate the USP and the ALP by directly controlling the expression of UPS- and ALP- related genes. This article highlights an emerging role of Nrf2 in the regulation of intracellular PQC as well as its potential involvement in cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jospeh S Janicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.,
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95
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Wu X, Song M, Rakariyatham K, Zheng J, Guo S, Tang Z, Zhou S, Xiao H. Anti-inflammatory effects of 4'-demethylnobiletin, a major metabolite of nobiletin. J Funct Foods 2015; 19:278-287. [PMID: 26770275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid has been associated with various beneficial biological activities. 4'-Demethylnobiletin (4DN) is a major metabolite of nobiletin and its tissue level was found to be much higher than that of nobiletin after oral administration of nobiletin in mice. Anti-inflammatory effects of 4DN were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed 4DN not only dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production, but also significantly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, namely PGE2, IL-1β and IL-6. 4DN potently suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 at both protein and mRNA levels. 4DN also inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 4DN activated transcription factor Nrf2 and its dependent genes including HO-1 and NQO1 whose expression may contribute to anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of 4DN and provided a scientific basis for using nobiletin as a nutraceutical to inhibit inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shuangde Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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96
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Qin Q, Qu C, Niu T, Zang H, Qi L, Lyu L, Wang X, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Janicki JS, Wang XL, Cui T. Nrf2-Mediated Cardiac Maladaptive Remodeling and Dysfunction in a Setting of Autophagy Insufficiency. Hypertension 2015; 67:107-17. [PMID: 26573705 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) appears to exert either a protective or detrimental effect on the heart; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, we uncovered a novel mechanism for turning off the Nrf2-mediated cardioprotection and switching on Nrf2-mediated cardiac dysfunction. In a murine model of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction via transverse aortic arch constriction, knockout of Nrf2 enhanced myocardial necrosis and death rate during an initial stage of cardiac adaptation when myocardial autophagy function is intact. However, knockout of Nrf2 turned out to be cardioprotective throughout the later stage of cardiac maladaptive remodeling when myocardial autophagy function became insufficient. Transverse aortic arch constriction -induced activation of Nrf2 was dramatically enhanced in the heart with impaired autophagy, which is induced by cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of autophagy-related gene (Atg)5. Notably, Nrf2 activation coincided with the upregulation of angiotensinogen (Agt) only in the autophagy-impaired heart after transverse aortic arch constriction. Agt5 and Nrf2 gene loss-of-function approaches in combination with Jak2 and Fyn kinase inhibitors revealed that suppression of autophagy inactivated Jak2 and Fyn and nuclear translocation of Fyn, while enhancing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and Nrf2-driven Agt expression in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that the pathophysiological consequences of Nrf2 activation are closely linked with the functional integrity of myocardial autophagy during cardiac remodeling. When autophagy is intact, Nrf2 is required for cardiac adaptive responses; however, autophagy impairment most likely turns off Fyn-operated Nrf2 nuclear export thus activating Nrf2-driven Agt transcription, which exacerbates cardiac maladaptation leading to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Qin
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Chen Qu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Ting Niu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Huimei Zang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Lei Qi
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Linmao Lyu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Xuejun Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Xing Li Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.
| | - Taixing Cui
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.
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97
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Mimura J, Itoh K. Role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:221-232. [PMID: 26117321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular arterial walls. A number of studies have revealed the biological and genetic bases of atherosclerosis, and over 100 genes influence atherosclerosis development. Nrf2 plays an important role in oxidative stress response and drug metabolism, but the Nrf2 signaling pathway is closely associated with atherosclerosis development. During atherosclerosis progression, Nrf2 signaling modulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as lipid homeostasis regulation, foam cell formation, macrophage polarization, redox regulation and inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 exhibits both pro- and anti-atherogenic effects in experimental animal models. These observations make the Nrf2 pathway a promising target to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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98
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Hiramatsu K, Tsuneyoshi T, Ogawa T, Morihara N. Aged garlic extract enhances heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit expression via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Nutr Res 2015; 36:143-9. [PMID: 26507778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway defends cells against oxidative stress and regulates the cellular redox balance. Activation of this pathway induces a variety of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the protection of our bodies against oxidative damage. It has been reported that aged garlic extract (AGE), a garlic preparation that is rich in water-soluble cysteinyl moieties, reduces oxidative stress and helps to ameliorate of cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases. We hypothesized that AGE enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2-ARE pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes expression were evaluated using western blotting analyses. We found that AGE promoted the accumulation of Nrf2 into the nucleus in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the gene expression and polypeptide level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Moreover, the effect of AGE in elevating the gene expression of HO-1 and GCLM was found to be mediated via Nrf2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that AGE induces the expression of HO-1 and GCLM, which are antioxidant enzymes, via activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hiramatsu
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Tsuneyoshi
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Naoaki Morihara
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
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99
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Lei SW, Cui G, Leung GPH, Luk SCW, Hoi MPM, Wang L, Mahady GB, Lee SMY. Icaritin protects against oxidative stress-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 and calcium signalling pathways. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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100
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Cytoprotection of baicalein against oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocytes injury through the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:39-46. [PMID: 25343567 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein is one of the major flavonoids found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Previous studies suggest that baicalein displays protective effect on experimental cardiac models in vitro and in vivo. However, the mode of action remains unclear. Here, we showed that baicalein conferred cardioprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in H9c2 cells and human embryonic stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes. Immunoprecipitation with anti-NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antibody in baicalein-treated cells demonstrated that baicalein effectively disrupted the association between Nrf2 and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap1). In addition, the unbounded Nrf2 translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus and increased Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) content in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, antioxidant response element transcriptional activity was enhanced by baicalein treatment, and the Nrf2 siRNA transfection could block the cytoprotective effect of baicalein. Taken together, these results demonstrate that baicalein protected cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced cell injury through the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
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