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Price TJ, Gold MS. From Mechanism to Cure: Renewing the Goal to Eliminate the Disease of Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 19:1525-1549. [PMID: 29077871 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Persistent pain causes untold misery worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Despite its astonishing prevalence, pain is undertreated, at least in part because existing therapeutics are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects. In this review, we cover new findings about the neurobiology of pain and argue that all but the most transient forms of pain needed to avoid tissue damage should be approached as a disease where a cure can be the goal of all treatment plans, even if attaining this goal is not yet always possible. Design We reviewed the literature to highlight recent advances in the area of the neurobiology of pain. Results We discuss barriers that are currently hindering the achievement of this goal, as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies. We also discuss innovations in the field that are creating new opportunities to treat and even reverse persistent pain, some of which are in late-phase clinical trials. Conclusion We conclude that the confluence of new basic science discoveries and development of new technologies are creating a path toward pain therapeutics that should offer significant hope of a cure for patients and practitioners alike. Classification of Evidence. Our review points to new areas of inquiry for the pain field to advance the goal of developing new therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Inhibition of cytochrome P450c17 reduces spinal astrocyte activation in a mouse model of neuropathic pain via regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109299. [PMID: 31387001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the neurosteroid-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450c17 is increased in spinal astrocytes contributing to the development of mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic mice. However, the mechanisms by which spinal P450c17 modulates pathological changes in astrocytes remain unclear. In this study we investigated whether P450c17 modulates astrocyte activation and whether this process is mediated by spinal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation ultimately leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in CCI mice. Sciatic nerve injury induced a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH, laminae I-II) and nucleus proprius (NP, laminae III-IV) regions of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Repeated daily (from days 0-3 post-surgery) intrathecal administration of the P450c17 inhibitor, ketoconazole (10 nmol) significantly inhibited the CCI-induced increase in GFAP-immunoreactivity, but had no effect on the CCI-induced increase in Iba-1-immunoreactivity. In addition, intrathecal administration of ketoconazole significantly inhibited the CCI-induced increase in p38 phosphorylation, while the levels of ERK and JNK phosphorylation remained unchanged. The CCI-induced development of mechanical allodynia was attenuated by administration of either ketoconazole (10 nmol) or the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580 (5 nmol). Administration of a sub-effective dose of SB203580 (0.5 nmol) potentiated the pharmacological effect of ketoconazole (1 nmol) on spinal GFAP-immunostaining, as well as, the development of mechanical allodynia following CCI. Collectively these data suggest that spinal P450c17 activates astrocytes via p38 phosphorylation, ultimately leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in a model of peripheral neuropathy.
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Alshelh Z, Mills EP, Kosanovic D, Di Pietro F, Macey PM, Vickers ER, Henderson LA. Effects of the glial modulator palmitoylethanolamide on chronic pain intensity and brain function. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2427-2439. [PMID: 31447580 PMCID: PMC6683964 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s209657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex disease that results from damage or presumed damage to the somatosensory nervous system. Current treatment regimens are often ineffective. The major impediment in developing effective treatments is our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Preclinical evidence suggests that glial changes are crucial for the development of NP and a recent study reported oscillatory activity differences within the ascending pain pathway at frequencies similar to that of cyclic gliotransmission in NP. Furthermore, there is evidence that glial modifying medications may be effective in treating NP. The aim of this Phase I open-label clinical trial is to determine whether glial modifying medication palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) will reduce NP and whether this is associated with reductions in oscillatory activity within the pain pathway. Methods: We investigated whether 6 weeks of PEA treatment would reduce pain and infra-slow oscillatory activity within the ascending trigeminal pathway in 22 individuals (17 females) with chronic orofacial NP. Results: PEA reduced pain in 16 (73%) of the 22 subjects, 11 subjects showed pain reduction of over 20%. Whilst both the responders and non-responders showed reductions in infra-slow oscillatory activity where orofacial nociceptor afferents terminate in the brainstem, only responders displayed reductions in the thalamus. Furthermore, functional connections between the brainstem and thalamus were altered only in responders. Conclusion: PEA is effective at relieving NP. This reduction is coupled to a reduction in resting oscillations along the ascending pain pathway that are likely driven by rhythmic astrocytic gliotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Alshelh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily P Mills
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danny Kosanovic
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Flavia Di Pietro
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Macey
- School of Nursing and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Russell Vickers
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rezaee L, Manaheji H, Haghparast A. Role of spinal glial cells in excitability of wide dynamic range neurons and the development of neuropathic pain with the L5 spinal nerve transection in the rats: Behavioral and electrophysiological study. Physiol Behav 2019; 209:112597. [PMID: 31271834 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The activation of glial cells affects the neuronal excitability in the spinal cord. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find out the modulatory role of spinal glial cells in the excitability of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons, induction of the long-term potentiation (LTP) and development of neuropathic pain by L5 spinal nerve transection model in the rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used to measure the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli and also, to carry out the spinal extracellular single unit recording experiments. In these experiments, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and a daily injection of propentofylline (1 mg/kg, ip) as a glial cell inhibitor agent, 1 h following nerve ligation during 7-day post-SNL period, were performed. Our findings showed that the mechanical allodynia, and synaptically-evoked firing were caused LTP in the Aδ-fiber, C-fiber and lesser in the Aβ-fiber after high frequency stimulation. Daily injection of propentofylline considerably decreased LTP induction in the Aδ- and C-fibers (P < .001). It was concluded that glial cell activation mediates LTP induction in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury. It seems that pain modulatory role of glial cells is partly parallel to changes in neural excitability of the WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Rezaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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55
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Dopamine receptor D2, but not D1, mediates descending dopaminergic pathway-produced analgesic effect in a trigeminal neuropathic pain mouse model. Pain 2019; 160:334-344. [PMID: 30325872 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain represents a challenge to clinicians because it is resistant to commonly prescribed analgesics due to its largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated a descending dopaminergic pathway-mediated modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain. We performed chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve from the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. Our retrograde tracing showed that the descending dopaminergic projection from hypothalamic A11 nucleus to spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis is bilateral. Optogenetic/chemogenetic manipulation of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis produced opposite effects on the nerve injury-induced trigeminal neuropathic pain. Specific excitation of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus attenuated the trigeminal neuropathic pain through the activation of D2 receptors in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Conversely, specific ablation of the A11 dopaminergic neurons exacerbated such pain. Our results suggest that the descending A11-spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis dopaminergic projection is critical for the modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain and could be manipulated to treat such pain.
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56
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Wang Y, Cao P, Mei L, Yin W, Mao Y, Niu C, Zhang Z, Tao W. Microglia in the Primary Somatosensory Barrel Cortex Mediate Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 2019; 414:299-310. [PMID: 31181369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TGN) is an attacking, abrupt, electric-shock headache involving abnormal cortical activity. The neural mechanism underlying TGN remains elusive. In this study, we explored the role of microglia in the primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BF), which is a critical region for TGN, of a mouse model of TGN that displayed significant pain-related behaviors. Using electrophysiological recordings, we found robust neuronal hyperactivity in glutamatergic neurons of S1BF (GluS1BF). Chemogenetic inhibition of GluS1BF neurons significantly relieved mechanical allodynia in TGN mice. In naïve mice, chemogenetic activation of GluS1BF neurons induced pain sensitization. In addition, we found that microglia in the S1BF (microgliaS1BF) were significantly activated, with density and morphology changes. Intraperitoneal administration of minocycline, a microglia inhibitor, attenuated pain sensitization, and decreased GluS1BF neuronal activity. Together, these findings demonstrate the putative importance of microglia as a key regulator in TGN through actions on GluS1BF neuronal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Lisheng Mei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Weiwei Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China.
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57
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On the Role of Microglia in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 2019; 414:297-298. [PMID: 31199893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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58
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Ni HD, Xu LS, Wang Y, Li H, An K, Liu M, Liu Q, Deng H, He Q, Huang B, Fang J, Yao M. Astrocyte activation in the periaqueductal gray promotes descending facilitation to cancer-induced bone pain through the JNK MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919831909. [PMID: 30700204 PMCID: PMC6388461 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919831909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Descending nociceptive modulation from the supraspinal structures has an important role in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). Midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is a critical component of descending nociceptive circuits; nevertheless, its precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in descending facilitation remain elusive. Our previous study has shown that the activation of p38 MAPK in vlPAG microglia is essential for the neuropathic pain sensitization. However, the existence of potential connection between astrocytes and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in CIBP has not yet been elucidated. The following study examines the involvement of astrocyte activation and upregulation of p-JNK in vlPAG, using a CIBP rat model. Briefly, CIBP was mimicked by an intramedullary injection of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the animal tibia. A significant increase in expression levels of astrocytes in the vlPAG of CIBP rats was observed. Furthermore, stereotaxic microinjection of the astrocytic cytotoxin L-α-aminoadipic acid decreased the mechanical allodynia as well as established and reversed the astrocyte activation in CIBP rats. A significant increase in expression levels of p-JNK in astrocytes in vlPAG of CIBP rats was also observed. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of JNK inhibitors SP600125 reduced the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, while microinjection of the SP600125 decreased the mechanical allodynia of CIBP rats. These results suggested that CIBP is associated with astrocyte activation in the vlPAG that probably participates in driving descending pain facilitation through the JNK MAPK signaling pathway. To sum up, these findings reveal a novel site of astrocytes modulation of CIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Ni
- 1 The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China.,2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Sheng Xu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yungong Wang
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Kang An
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mingjuan Liu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Houshen Deng
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiuli He
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Bing Huang
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- 1 The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yao
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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59
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Liang YX, Wang NN, Zhang ZY, Juan ZD, Zhang C. Necrostatin-1 Ameliorates Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the RIP1/RIP3 Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:211. [PMID: 31156396 PMCID: PMC6529821 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrostatin-1 is an inhibitor of necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that has been reported to be involved in various neurological diseases. Presently, the role of necroptosis in neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury is still unclear. This study was focused on investigating the potential effects of necroptosis in the development and progression of neuropathic pain in a rat model and the possible neuroprotective effects of necrostatin-1 in neuropathic pain. The results indicated that the necroptosis-related proteins RIP1 and RIP3 significantly increased postoperation in the spinal cord in a neuropathic pain model and peaked 7 days postoperation, which was consistent with the time-dependent changes of hyperalgesia. Additionally, we found that peripheral nerve injury-related behavioral and biochemical changes were significantly reduced by necrostatin-1. In particular, hyperalgesia was attenuated, and the levels of RIP1 and RIP3 were decreased. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of necrotic cell death and neuroinflammation were alleviated by necrostatin-1. Collectively, these results suggest that necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death in neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury and that necrostatin-1 may be a promising neuroprotective treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xia Liang
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Microsurgery, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Juan
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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60
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Eidson LN, Murphy AZ. Inflammatory mediators of opioid tolerance: Implications for dependency and addiction. Peptides 2019; 115:51-58. [PMID: 30890355 PMCID: PMC6863079 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Each year, over 50 million Americans suffer from persistent pain, including debilitating headaches, joint pain, and severe back pain. Although morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain, prolonged morphine treatment results in decreased analgesic efficacy (i.e., tolerance). Despite significant headway in the field, the mechanisms underlying the development of morphine tolerance are not well understood. The midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is a primary neural substrate for the analgesic effects of morphine, as well as for the development of morphine tolerance. A growing body of literature indicates that activated glia (i.e., microglia and astrocytes) facilitate pain transmission and oppose morphine analgesia, making these cells important potential targets in the treatment of chronic pain. Morphine affects glia by binding to the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and opposition of morphine analgesia. Despite the established role of the vlPAG as an integral locus for the development of morphine tolerance, most studies have examined the role of glia activation within the spinal cord. Additionally, the role of TLR4 in the development of tolerance has not been elucidated. This review attempts to summarize what is known regarding the role of vlPAG glia and TLR4 in the development of morphine tolerance. These data, together, provide information about the mechanism by which central nervous system glia regulate morphine tolerance, and identify a potential therapeutic target for the enhancement of analgesic efficacy in the clinical treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori N Eidson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30308, United States.
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61
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Yao PW, Wang SK, Chen SX, Xin WJ, Liu XG, Zang Y. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to neuropathic pain and pain-associated aversion. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104456. [PMID: 31028871 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury associated pain involves subjective perception and emotional experience. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key area involved in the affective component of pain processing. However, the neuroimmune mechanisms underlying enhanced ACC excitability following peripheral nerve injury are still not fully understood. Our previous work has shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) overexpression leads to peripheral afferent hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission potentiation in spinal cord. Here, we aimed to reveal the potential role of ACC TNF-α in ACC hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain. c-Fos, a widely used neuronal activity marker, was induced especially in contralateral ACC early [postoperative (PO) 1 h] and later (PO day 7 and 10) during the development of neuropathic pain. Spared nerve injury (SNI) elevated TNF-α level in contralateral ACC from PO day 5 to 14, delayed relative to decreased ipsilateral paw withdrawal threshold apparent from PO day 1 to 14. Microinjection of anti-TNF-α antibody into the ACC completely eliminated c-Fos overexpression and greatly attenuated pain aversion and mechanical allodynia induced by SNI, suggesting an important role of ACC TNF-α in the pain aversiveness and pain maintenance. Furthermore, modulating ACC pyramidal neurons via a Gi-coupled human M4 muscarinic receptor (hM4Di) or a Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), a type of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD), greatly changed the ACC TNF-α level and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold. The positive interactions between TNF-α and ACC neurons might modulate the cytokine microenvironment thus contribute to the neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yao
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Kun Wang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Xia Chen
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ying Zang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Glare P, Aubrey KR, Myles PS. Transition from acute to chronic pain after surgery. Lancet 2019; 393:1537-1546. [PMID: 30983589 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been an increasing reliance on strong opioids to treat acute and chronic pain, which has been associated with a rising epidemic of prescription opioid misuse, abuse, and overdose-related deaths. Deaths from prescription opioids have more than quadrupled in the USA since 1999, and this pattern is now occurring globally. Inappropriate opioid prescribing after surgery, particularly after discharge, is a major cause of this problem. Chronic postsurgical pain, occurring in approximately 10% of patients who have surgery, typically begins as acute postoperative pain that is difficult to control, but soon transitions into a persistent pain condition with neuropathic features that are unresponsive to opioids. Research into how and why this transition occurs has led to a stronger appreciation of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, use of more effective and safer opioid-sparing analgesic regimens, and non-pharmacological interventions for pain management. This Series provides an overview of the epidemiology and societal effect, basic science, and current recommendations for managing persistent postsurgical pain. We discuss the advances in the prevention of this transitional pain state, with the aim to promote safer analgesic regimens to better manage patients with acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glare
- Pain Management Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin R Aubrey
- Pain Management Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC.
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63
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Tian J, Song T, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang Z, Yan R. Thalidomide alleviates bone cancer pain by down-regulating expressions of NF-κB and GFAP in spinal astrocytes in a mouse model. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:896-903. [PMID: 30806135 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1586687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Thalidomide is one of the first line therapies in cancer pain management. Previous study has shown that thalidomide decreases the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mouse spinal cord. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of thalidomide remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of thalidomide on the expression level of NF-κB as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal cord astrocyte in a mice model. Materials and methods: MC57G fibrosarcoma cells were intramedullary injected into the right femurs of C57/BL mice to induce behaviors related to bone cancer pain. Postoperative thalidomide was administered intraperitoneally to the mice at dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days. The effect of thalidomide on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. The expression levels of NF-κB and GFAP in spinal cord were evaluated by using Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the controls, the tumor-bearing mice showed substantial pain-related behaviors. Furthermore, the expression levels of both NF-κB and GFAP increased significantly in the spinal cord astrocytes of the tumor-bearing mice. Treating the tumor-bearing mice with thalidomide results in a dramatic reduction in pain behaviors and a significant decrease of NF-κB and GFAP expressions. Conclusions: Thalidomide alleviates the pain behaviors probably by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Tieying Song
- b Department of Anesthesiology , The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Hong Wang
- b Department of Anesthesiology , The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Wenli Wang
- c Department of Gynaecology , Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Zaiwang Zhang
- d Department of Anesthesiology , The Bethune International Peace Hospital of P.L.A. , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- b Department of Anesthesiology , The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
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Miguel CA, Raggio MC, Villar MJ, Gonzalez SL, Coronel MF. Anti-allodynic and anti-inflammatory effects of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:100-110. [PMID: 30680838 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a disabling condition induced by several frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs including the front-line agent oxaliplatin (OXA). Symptoms are predominantly sensory with the development of neuropathic pain. Alternative dosing protocols and treatment discontinuation are the only available therapeutic strategies. The aim of our work was to evaluate the potential of a synthetic derivative of progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (HPGC), in the prevention and treatment of OXA-evoked painful neuropathy. We also evaluated glial activation at the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord levels as a possible target mechanism underlying HPGC actions. Male rats were injected with OXA and HPGC following a prophylactic (HPGCp) or therapeutic (HPGCt) scheme (starting either before or after chemotherapy). The development of hypersensitivity and allodynic pain and the expression of neuronal and glial activation markers were evaluated. When compared to control animals, those receiving OXA showed a significant decrease in paw mechanical and thermal thresholds, with the development of allodynia. Animals treated with HPGCp showed patterns of response similar to those detected in control animals, while those treated with HPGCt showed a suppression of both hypersensitivities after HPGC administration. We also observed a significant increase in the mRNA levels of activating transcription factor 3, the transcription factor (c-fos), glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor protein 1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in DRG and spinal cord of OXA-injected animals, and significantly lower levels in rats receiving OXA and HPGC. These results show that HPGC administration reduces neuronal and glial activation markers and is able to both prevent and suppress OXA-induced allodynia, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza A Miguel
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Raggio
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana L Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Coronel
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Wang L, Huang J, Wen J, Lv H, Wu X, Wan C, Yu C, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Thymosin Alpha-1 Inhibits Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Pain and Production of Microglia-Mediated Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Spinal Cord. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:637-648. [PMID: 30790216 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory responses regulates the transmission of pain pathways through an integrated network in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The immunopotentiator thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) has recently been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions in rodents. However, how Tα1 affects inflammatory pain remains unclear. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of Tα1 attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain hypersensitivity, and decreased the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in inflamed skin and the spinal cord. We found that CFA-induced peripheral inflammation evoked strong microglial activation, but the effect was reversed by Tα1. Notably, Tα1 reversed the CFA-induced up-regulation of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) and down-regulated the vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (VGAT) in the spinal cord. Taken together, these results suggest that Tα1 plays a therapeutic role in inflammatory pain and in the modulation of microglia-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in addition to mediation of VGLUT and VGAT expression in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junmao Wen
- Graduate College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hang Lv
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaofan Wan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanxin Yu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yinqi Zhou
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Callai EMM, Scarabelot VL, Fernandes Medeiros L, Oliveira C, Souza A, Macedo IC, Cioato SG, Finamor F, Caumo W, Quevedo ADS, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and trigeminal pain: A preclinical study. Oral Dis 2019; 25:888-897. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etiane Micheli Meyer Callai
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Post‐Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Centro Universitário Unilasalle Canoas Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Fabrício Finamor
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Silva Quevedo
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Iraci L. S. Torres
- Pharmacology of Pain and Neuromodulation Laboratory: Preclinical Researches, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics ICBS, UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil
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Li M, Zhang D, Ge X, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Peng X, Shen A. TRAF6-p38/JNK-ATF2 axis promotes microglial inflammatory activation. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:133-148. [PMID: 30763583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a member of the alkaline-leucine zipper family, is widely expressed in various tissues, and reportedly involved in inflammatory responses to various irritates, but its role in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological function of ATF2 in CNS inflammation. Utilizing the LPS-induced neuroinflammation model on mice, we first found ATF2 up-regulation and its co-localization with microglia in inflamed mice brain. In vitro, we revealed an increased expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of ATF2 in LPS-treated BV2 microglia cells. Inhibiting ATF2 significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-treated microglia, and alleviated neuronal apoptosis induced by the conditioned medium of activated microglia. Knocking down TRAF6, an important adaptor of the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressed the LPS-induced ATF2 expression and phosphorylation, accompanied by the decreased p38/JNK phosphorylation, in microglia. Blocking p38 or JNK signaling pathway by the specific inhibitors reversed the TRAF6-overexpression mediated ATF2 activation. Taken together, our data first proved the pro-inflammatory function of ATF2 in microglia, and suggested that the TRAF6-JNK/p38-ATF2 axis might promote microglial inflammatory activation and thus aggravate neuronal injury in brain, which might become a potential therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China; Cancer Research Center of Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong 226361, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Zhong X, Li Y, Guo R, Du S, Wen L, Ying Y, Yang T, Wei X. Rostral ventromedial medulla‐mediated descending facilitation following P2X7 receptor activation is involved in the development of chronic post‐operative pain. J Neurochem 2019; 149:760-780. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongxiong Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixian Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lili Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yanlu Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology Guangzhou First People's Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xu‐Hong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
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69
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Ni H, Wang Y, An K, Liu Q, Xu L, Zhu C, Deng H, He Q, Wang T, Xu M, Zheng Y, Huang B, Fang J, Yao M. Crosstalk between NFκB-dependent astrocytic CXCL1 and neuron CXCR2 plays a role in descending pain facilitation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30606213 PMCID: PMC6317220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulating evidence on the role of glial cells and their associated chemicals in mechanisms of pain, few studies have addressed the potential role of chemokines in the descending facilitation of chronic pain. We aimed to study the hypothesis that CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a co-restructure of the descending nociceptive system, is involved in descending pain facilitation. METHODS Intramedullary injection of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells of adult female Sprague Dawley rats was used to establish a bone cancer pain (BCP) model. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect pNfkb, Cxcl1, and Cxcr2 and their protein expression in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG). Immunohistochemical co-staining with NeuN, GFAP, and CD11 were used to examine the cellular location of pNFκB, CXCL1, and CXCR2. The effects of NFκB and CXCR2 antagonists and CXCL1 neutralizing antibody on pain hypersensitivity were evaluated by behavioral testing. RESULTS BCP induced cortical bone damage and persistent mechanical allodynia and increased the expression of pNFκB, CXCL1, and CXCR2 in vlPAG. The induced phosphorylation of NFκB was co-localized with GFAP and NeuN, but not with CD11. Micro-injection of BAY11-7082 attenuated BCP and reduced CXCL1 increase in the spinal cord. The expression level of CXCL1 in vlPAG showed co-localization with GFAP, but not with CD11 and NeuN. Micro-administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody from 6 to 9 days after inoculation attenuated mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, vlPAG application of CXCL1 elicited pain hypersensitivity in normal rats. Interestingly, CXCR2 was upregulated in vlPAG neurons (not with CD11 and GFAP) after BCP. CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 completely blocked the CXCL1-induced mechanical allodynia and attenuated BCP-induced pain hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION The NFκB-dependent CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling cascade played a role in glial-neuron interactions and in descending facilitation of BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Yungong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000 China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210004 China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Housheng Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 China
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Guo W, Imai S, Zou S, Yang J, Watanabe M, Wang J, Dubner R, Wei F, Ren K. Altered glial glutamate transporter expression in descending circuitry and the emergence of pain chronicity. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806918825044. [PMID: 30799685 PMCID: PMC6348548 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918825044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamate type 1 transporter (GLT1) plays a major role in glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Although alterations of GLT1 activity have been linked to persistent pain, the significance of these changes is poorly understood. Focusing on the rostral ventromedial medulla, a key site in pain modulation, we examined the expression and function of GLT1 and related transcription factor kappa B-motif binding phosphoprotein (KBBP) in rats after adjuvant-induced hind paw inflammation. RESULTS After inflammation, GLT1 and KBBP showed an early upregulation and gradual transition to downregulation that lasted throughout the eight-week observation period. Nitration of GLT1 was reduced at 30 min and increased at eight weeks after inflammation, suggesting an initial increase and later decrease in transporter activity. Mechanical hyperalgesia and paw edema exhibited an initial developing phase with peak hyperalgesia at 4 to 24 h, a subsequent attenuating phase, followed by a late persistent phase that lasted for months. The downregulation of GLT1 occurred at a time when hyperalgesia transitioned into the persistent phase. In the rostral ventromedial medulla, pharmacological block with dihydrokainic acid and RNAi of GLT1 and KBBP increased nociception and overexpression of GLT1 reversed persistent hyperalgesia. Further, the initial upregulation of GLT1 and KBBP was blocked by local anesthetic block, and pretreatment with dihydrokainic acid facilitated the development of hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the initial increased GLT1 activity depends on injury input and serves to dampen the development of hyperalgesia. However, later downregulation of GLT1 fosters the net descending facilitation as injury persists, leading to the emergence of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoshi Imai
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiping Zou
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiale Yang
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mineo Watanabe
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 3 Department of Oral Biology, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jing Wang
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 4 Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases of Gansu province, Institute of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ronald Dubner
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Wei
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- 1 Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dou Y, Tian X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Chen G. Roles of TRAF6 in Central Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1306-1313. [PMID: 29651950 PMCID: PMC6251041 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180412094655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) is an important binding protein of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and the toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily, which play an important role in innate immunity and ac-quired immunity. TRAFs family have 7 members (TRAF1-7), and TRAF6 has its special facture and biological function. TRAF6 has two special domains: C-terminal domain and N-terminal domain, which could integrate with multiple kinases and regulate signaling pathway function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Studies have increasingly found that TRAF6 is closely re-lated to central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. Further research on the pathophysiological mechanism may be expected to become the new targets for the treatment of central nervous system diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaodi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
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Morales-Soto W, Gulbransen BD. Enteric Glia: A New Player in Abdominal Pain. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:433-445. [PMID: 30739868 PMCID: PMC6369218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is the most common gastrointestinal issue and contributes to the pathophysiology of functional bowel disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Current theories suggest that neuronal plasticity and broad alterations along the brain-gut axis contribute to the development of chronic abdominal pain, but the specific mechanisms involved in chronic abdominal pain remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence implicates glial cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system and satellite glia in dorsal root ganglia contribute to chronic pain states through reactive gliosis, the modification of glial networks, and the synthesis and release of neuromodulators. In addition, new data suggest that enteric glia, a unique type of peripheral glia found within the enteric nervous system, have the potential to modify visceral perception through interactions with neurons and immune cells. Understanding these emerging roles of enteric glia is important to fully understand the mechanisms that drive chronic pain and to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss enteric glial cell signaling mechanisms that have the potential to influence chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D. Gulbransen
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian D. Gulbransen, PhD, Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. fax: (517) 355-5125.
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Zhang M, Dai Q, Liang D, Li D, Chen S, Chen S, Han K, Huang L, Wang J. Involvement of adenosine A1 receptor in electroacupuncture-mediated inhibition of astrocyte activation during neuropathic pain. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2018; 76:736-742. [PMID: 30570016 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition caused by damage or dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Electroacupuncture (EA) has an antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain, which is partially due to inhibiting astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. We found that an intrathecal injection of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, reversed the antinociceptive effects of EA in a chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain model. The expression of GFAP in L4-L6 spinal cord was significantly upgraded, while DPCPX suppressed the effect of the EA-mediating inhibition of astrocyte activation, as well as wiping out the EA-induced suppression of cytokine content (TNF-α). These results indicated that the adenosine A1 receptor is involved in EA actions during neuropathic pain through suppressing astrocyte activation as well as TNF-α upregulation of EA, giving enlightenment to the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and development of therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qinxue Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dongdong Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shuangdong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Kunyuan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Luping Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Junlu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
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Ba X, Wang J, Zhou S, Luo X, Peng Y, Yang S, Hao Y, Jin G. Cinobufacini protects against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and suppresses TRPV1 up-regulation and spinal astrocyte activation in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:76-84. [PMID: 30218861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain is a major limiting factor affecting cancer patients. No effective treatment is currently available. Cinobufacini, an aqueous extract from toad skin, is a widely used anti-cancer drug in China. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of cinobufacini in combination with chemotherapy to promote the therapeutic efficacy while alleviating side effects, especially cancer-related pain symptoms. In this study, the effects of cinobufacini were investigated in a rat model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (PIPNP) to better understand and expand its clinical application. A single injection of cinobufacini (2.5 g/kg, i.p.) alleviated pre-established PIPNP, as indicated by decreased mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity compared with paclitaxel-treated rats. Repeated cinobufacini (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg, i.p.), given during the induction of PIPNP, prevented the establishment of paclitaxel-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. This preventative effect was associated with suppressed paclitaxel-induced TRPV1 up-regulation and spinal astrocyte activation, as well as decreased production of spinal TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings reveal cinobufacini as a therapeutic potential to treat and prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Ba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shiyang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Guangyi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant problem worldwide and is the most common disability in the United States. It is well known that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of many chronic pain conditions. The involvement of the immune system can be through the release of autoantibodies, in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, or via cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators (i.e. substance P, histamine, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and prostaglandins). Immune cells, such as T cells, B cells and their antibodies, and microglia are clearly key players in immune-related pain. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the immune system involvement in pain and to outline how it relates to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy. The immune system plays a major role in many debilitating chronic pain conditions and we believe that animal models of disease and their treatments should be more directly focused on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite being studied extensively, the cellular and molecular events underlying the central immunomodulation and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is still controversial. The idea that 'glial cells are merely housekeepers' is incorrect and with respect to initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, microglia and astrocytes have important roles to play. Glial cells differentially express opioid receptors and are thought to be functionally modulated by the activation of these receptors. In this review, we discuss evidence for glia-opioid modulation of pain by focusing on the pattern of astrocyte and microglial activation throughout the progress of nerve injury/neuropathic pain. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a key step in central immunomodulation in terms of releasing pro-inflammatory markers and propagation of a 'central immune response'. Inhibition of astrocytes before and after induction of neuropathic pain has been found to prevent and reverse neuropathic pain, respectively. Moreover, microglial inhibitors have been found to prevent (but not to reverse) neuropathic pain. As they are expressed by glia, opioid receptors are expected to have a role to play in neuropathic pain.
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Shi C, Liu Y, Zhang W, Lei Y, Lu C, Sun R, Sun Y, Jiang M, Gu X, Ma Z. Intraoperative electroacupuncture relieves remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via inhibiting spinal glial activation in rats. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917725636. [PMID: 28825338 PMCID: PMC5570117 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917725636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies have suggested that remifentanil, the widely-used opioid analgesic in clinical anesthesia, can activate the pronociceptive systems and enhance postoperative pain. Glial cells are thought to be implicated in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Electroacupuncture is a complementary therapy to relieve various pain conditions with few side effects, and glial cells may be involved in its antinociceptive effect. In this study, we investigated whether intraoperative electroacupuncture could relieve remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the production of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases. Methods A rat model of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia was used in this study. Electroacupuncture during surgery was conducted at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) acupoints. Behavior tests, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, were performed at different time points. Astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglial marker Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the spinal cord were detected by Western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Results Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were induced by both surgical incision and remifentanil infusion, and remifentanil infusion significantly exaggerated and prolonged incision-induced pronociceptive effects. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK1/2) were upregulated after surgical incision, remifentanil infusion, and especially after their combination. Intraoperative electroacupuncture significantly attenuated incision- and/or remifentanil-induced pronociceptive effects, spinal glial activation, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase upregulation. Conclusions Our study suggests that remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia can be relieved by intraoperative electroacupuncture via inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the upregulation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxi Shi
- 1 Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, China.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yishan Lei
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cui'e Lu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rao Sun
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu'e Sun
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Waschek JA, Baca SM, Akerman S. PACAP and migraine headache: immunomodulation of neural circuits in autonomic ganglia and brain parenchyma. J Headache Pain 2018. [PMID: 29536279 PMCID: PMC5849772 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that intravenous (IV) infusions of the neuropeptide PACAP-38 (pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide-38) induced delayed migraine-like headaches in a large majority of migraine patients has resulted in considerable excitement in headache research. In addition to suggesting potential therapeutic targets for migraine, the finding provides an opportunity to better understand the pathological events from early events (aura) to the headache itself. Although PACAP-38 and the closely related peptide VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) are well-known as vasoactive molecules, the dilation of cranial blood vessels per se is no longer felt to underlie migraine headaches. Thus, more recent research has focused on other possible PACAP-mediated mechanisms, and has raised some important questions. For example, (1) are endogenous sources of PACAP (or VIP) involved in the triggering and/or propagation of migraine headaches?; (2) which receptor subtypes are involved in migraine pathophysiology?; (3) can we identify specific anatomical circuit(s) where PACAP signaling is involved in the features of migraine? The purpose of this review is to discuss the possibility, and supportive evidence, that PACAP acts to induce migraine-like symptoms not only by directly modulating nociceptive neural circuits, but also by indirectly regulating the production of inflammatory mediators. We focus here primarily on postulated extra-dural sites because potential mechanisms of PACAP action in the dura are discussed in detail elsewhere (see X, this edition).
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Waschek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Serapio M Baca
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Simon Akerman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA. .,Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Dubový P, Klusáková I, Hradilová-Svíženská I, Joukal M, Boadas-Vaello P. Activation of Astrocytes and Microglial Cells and CCL2/CCR2 Upregulation in the Dorsolateral and Ventrolateral Nuclei of Periaqueductal Gray and Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Following Different Types of Sciatic Nerve Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:40. [PMID: 29515373 PMCID: PMC5825898 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) may result in cellular and molecular changes in supraspinal structures possibly involved in neuropathic pain (NPP) maintenance. Activated glial cells in specific supraspinal subregions may affect the facilitatory role of descending pathways. Sterile chronic compression injury (sCCI) and complete sciatic nerve transection (CSNT) in rats were used as NPP models to study the activation of glial cells in the subregions of periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Molecular markers for activated astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and microglial cells (OX42) were assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The cellular distribution of CCL2/CCR2 was monitored using immunofluorescence. sCCI induced both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity from day 1 up to 3 weeks post-injury. Unilateral sCCI or CSNT for 3 weeks induced significant activation of astrocytes bilaterally in both dorsolateral (dlPAG) and ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) compared to naïve or sham-operated rats. More extensive astrocyte activation by CSNT compared to sCCI was induced bilaterally in dlPAG and ipsilaterally in vlPAG. Significantly more extensive activation of astrocytes was also found in RVM after CSNT than sCCI. The CD11b immunopositive region, indicating activated microglial cells, was remarkably larger in dlPAG and vlPAG of both sides from sCCI- and CSNT-operated rats compared to naïve or sham-operated controls. No significant differences in microglial activation were detected in dlPAG or vlPAG after CSNT compared to sCCI. Both nerve injury models induced no significant differences in microglial activation in the RVM. Neurons and activated GFAP+ astrocytes displayed CCL2-immunoreaction, while activated OX42+ microglial cells were CCR2-immunopositive in both PAG and RVM after sCCI and CSNT. Overall, while CSNT induced robust astrogliosis in both PAG and RVM, microglial cell activation was similar in the supraspinal structures in both injury nerve models. Activated astrocytes in PAG and RVM may sustain facilitation of the descending system maintaining NPP, while microglial activation may be associated with a reaction to long-lasting peripheral injury. Microglial activation via CCR2 may be due to neuronal and astrocytal release of CCL2 in PAG and RVM following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ilona Klusáková
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivana Hradilová-Svíženská
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Vitores AA, Sloley SS, Martinez C, Carballosa-Gautam MM, Hentall ID. Some Autonomic Deficits of Acute or Chronic Cervical Spinal Contusion Reversed by Interim Brainstem Stimulation. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:560-572. [PMID: 29160143 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged electrical stimulation of the hindbrain's nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) or of its major midbrain input region, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), was previously found in rats to promote recovery from sensory-motor and histological deficits of acute thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, some visceral deficits of acute and chronic midline cervical (C5) contusion are similarly examined. Cranially implanted wireless stimulators delivered intermittent 8 Hz, 30-70 μA cathodal pulse trains to a brainstem microelectrode. Injured controls were given inactive stimulators; rats without injuries or implants were also compared. Rectal distension or squeezing of the forepaws caused an exaggerated rise in mean arterial pressure in injured, untreated rats under anesthesia on post-injury week 6, probably reflecting autonomic dysreflexia (AD). These pressor responses became normal when 7 days of unilateral PAG stimulation was started on the injury day. Older untreated injuries (weeks 18-19) showed normal pressor responses, but unexpectedly had significant resting and nociceptive bradycardia, which was reversed by 3 weeks of PAG stimulation started on weeks 7 or 12. Subsequent chronic studies examined gastric emptying (GE), as indicated by intestinal transit of gavaged dye, and serum chemistry. GE and fasting serum insulin were reduced on injury weeks 14-15, and were both normalized by ∼5 weeks of PAG stimulation begun in weeks 7-8. Increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide, a prominent visceral afferent neurotransmitter, measured near untreated injuries (first thoracic segment) in superficial dorsal laminae were reversed by acutely or chronically initiated PAG stimulation. The NRM, given 2-3 weeks of stimulation beginning 2 days after SCI, prevented abnormalities in both pressor responses and GE on post-injury week 9, consistent with its relaying of repair commands from the PAG. The descending PAG-NRM axis thus exhibits broadly restorative influences on visceral as well as sensory-motor deficits, improving chronic as well as acute signs of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Vitores
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Stephanie S Sloley
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Catalina Martinez
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Melissa M Carballosa-Gautam
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Ian D Hentall
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Modified Decompression of the Infraorbital Canal to Treat Trigeminal Neuralgia Affecting the Maxillary Branch. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:940-947. [PMID: 29272695 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To modify the method of treating trigeminal neuralgia (TN) affecting the maxillary branch and to provide clinical evidence of an etiologic hypothesis of narrowing bone canal compression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, and those with bony compression of the affected infraorbital canal (IOC) were selected by preoperative computer measurement. Modified decompression of the IOC was performed through the maxillary sinus with the assistance of a piezoelectric device and an endoscope. The results of the operation were evaluated. RESULTS Fourteen patients (35.00%) had bony compression of the affected IOC. During a mean follow-up period of 29.4 months, 11 patients (78.57%) had complete pain relief (excellent); 1 (7.14%) had moderate relief with carbamazepine administration. The success rate was 85.71% (12 of 14). The postoperative numbness rate was 35.71% (5 of 14). CONCLUSION Narrowing of the IOC might be a reason some patients with TN have no intracranial neurovascular compression and have pain localized to the distribution of the maxillary branch. Modified decompression of the IOC through the maxillary sinus is a safe, highly effective, and minimally invasive method to treat these patients.
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Rosen S, Ham B, Mogil JS. Sex differences in neuroimmunity and pain. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:500-508. [PMID: 27870397 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the prevalence of chronic pain in women vs. men are well known, and decades of laboratory experimentation have demonstrated that women are more sensitive to pain than are men. Attention has thus shifted to investigating mechanisms underlying such differences. Recent evidence suggests that neuroimmune modulation of pain may represent an important cause of sex differences. The current Review examines the evidence for gonadal hormone modulation of the immune system, immune system modulation of pain, and interactions that might help to explain sex differences in pain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boram Ham
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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83
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Doyle HH, Murphy AZ. Sex differences in innate immunity and its impact on opioid pharmacology. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:487-499. [PMID: 27870418 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphine has been and continues to be one of the most potent and widely used drugs for the treatment of pain. Clinical and animal models investigating sex differences in pain and analgesia demonstrate that morphine is a more potent analgesic in males than in females. In addition to binding to the neuronal μ-opioid receptor, morphine binds to the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), located on glial cells. Activation of glial TLR4 initiates a neuroinflammatory response that directly opposes morphine analgesia. Females of many species have a more active immune system than males; however, few studies have investigated glial cells as a potential mechanism driving sexually dimorphic responses to morphine. This Mini-Review illustrates the involvement of glial cells in key processes underlying observed sex differences in morphine analgesia and suggests that targeting glia may improve current treatment strategies for pain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary H Doyle
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Khasabov SG, Malecha P, Noack J, Tabakov J, Giesler GJ, Simone DA. Hyperalgesia and sensitization of dorsal horn neurons following activation of NK-1 receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2727-2744. [PMID: 28794197 PMCID: PMC5675905 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00478.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) project to the spinal cord and are involved in descending modulation of pain. Several studies have shown that activation of neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors in the RVM produces hyperalgesia, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In parallel studies, we compared behavioral measures of hyperalgesia to electrophysiological responses of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons produced by activation of NK-1 receptors in the RVM. Injection of the selective NK-1 receptor agonist Sar9,Met(O2)11-substance P (SSP) into the RVM produced dose-dependent mechanical and heat hyperalgesia that was blocked by coadministration of the selective NK-1 receptor antagonist L-733,060. In electrophysiological studies, responses evoked by mechanical and heat stimuli were obtained from identified high-threshold (HT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. Injection of SSP into the RVM enhanced responses of WDR neurons, including identified neurons that project to the parabrachial area, to mechanical and heat stimuli. Since intraplantar injection of capsaicin produces robust hyperalgesia and sensitization of nociceptive spinal neurons, we examined whether this sensitization was dependent on NK-1 receptors in the RVM. Pretreatment with L-733,060 into the RVM blocked the sensitization of dorsal horn neurons produced by capsaicin. c-Fos labeling was used to determine the spatial distribution of dorsal horn neurons that were sensitized by NK-1 receptor activation in the RVM. Consistent with our electrophysiological results, administration of SSP into the RVM increased pinch-evoked c-Fos expression in the dorsal horn. It is suggested that targeting this descending pathway may be effective in reducing persistent pain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is known that activation of neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a main output area for descending modulation of pain, produces hyperalgesia. Here we show that activation of NK-1 receptors produces hyperalgesia by sensitizing nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. Targeting this pathway at its origin or in the spinal cord may be an effective approach for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Patrick Malecha
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Joseph Noack
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Janneta Tabakov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Glenn J Giesler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
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85
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Wang W, Peng Y, Yang H, Bu H, Guo G, Liu D, Shu B, Tian X, Luo A, Zhang X, Gao F. Potential role of CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in the development of morphine tolerance in periaqueductal gray. Neuropeptides 2017; 65:120-127. [PMID: 28755808 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance to morphine antinociception hinders its long-term use in clinical practice. Interaction between neuron and microglia has been proved to play critical role in the mechanism of morphine tolerance, while CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling has been implicated in neuron-glia signaling and morphine analgesia. This study aims to investigate whether CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in periaqueductal gray (PAG) contributes to the development of morphine tolerance by modulating neuron-microglia interaction. The results showed that the expressions of CXCR3 and CXCL10 were gradually increased in parallel with repeated morphine administration and activation of microglia. CXCR3 was co-localized with neuronal marker NeuN, while CXCL10 was derived from microglia. Microglia inhibitor minocycline significantly attenuated the expression of CXCL10, besides, both minocycline and CXCR3 inhibitor alleviated the development of morphine tolerance. Taken together, our study provided the evidence that CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling in PAG is involved in the development of morphine analgesic tolerance via neuron-microglia interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yawen Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huilian Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Genhua Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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86
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Hossain MZ, Unno S, Ando H, Masuda Y, Kitagawa J. Neuron-Glia Crosstalk and Neuropathic Pain: Involvement in the Modulation of Motor Activity in the Orofacial Region. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102051. [PMID: 28954391 PMCID: PMC5666733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP) is a debilitating condition. Although the pathophysiology remains unclear, accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms in the development of neuropathic pain. Recently, glial cells have been shown to play a key pathogenetic role. Nerve injury leads to an immune response near the site of injury. Satellite glial cells are activated in the peripheral ganglia. Various neural and immune mediators, released at the central terminals of primary afferents, lead to the sensitization of postsynaptic neurons and the activation of glia. The activated glia, in turn, release pro-inflammatory factors, further sensitizing the neurons, and resulting in central sensitization. Recently, we observed the involvement of glia in the alteration of orofacial motor activity in NOP. Microglia and astroglia were activated in the trigeminal sensory and motor nuclei, in parallel with altered motor functions and a decreased pain threshold. A microglial blocker attenuated the reduction in pain threshold, reduced the number of activated microglia, and restored motor activity. We also found an involvement of the astroglial glutamate–glutamine shuttle in the trigeminal motor nucleus in the alteration of the jaw reflex. Neuron–glia crosstalk thus plays an important role in the development of pain and altered motor activity in NOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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87
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Guo W, Imai S, Yang JL, Zou S, Watanabe M, Chu YX, Mohammad Z, Xu H, Moudgil KD, Wei F, Dubner R, Ren K. In vivo immune interactions of multipotent stromal cells underlie their long-lasting pain-relieving effect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10107. [PMID: 28860501 PMCID: PMC5579160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic infusion of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), a major type of multipotent stromal cells, produces pain relief (antihyperalgesia) that lasts for months. However, studies have shown that the majority of BMSCs are trapped in the lungs immediately after intravenous infusion and their survival time in the host is inconsistent with their lengthy antihyperalgesia. Here we show that long-lasting antihyperalgesia produced by BMSCs required their chemotactic factors such as CCL4 and CCR2, the integrations with the monocytes/macrophages population, and BMSC-induced monocyte CXCL1. The activation of central mu-opioid receptors related to CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling plays an important role in BMSC-produced antihyperalgesia. Our findings suggest that the maintenance of antihypergesia can be achieved by immune regulation without actual engraftment of BMSCs. In the capacity of therapeutic use of BMSCs other than structural repair and replacement, more attention should be directed to their role as immune modulators and subsequent alterations in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jia-Le Yang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shiping Zou
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mineo Watanabe
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaid Mohammad
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Huakun Xu
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ronald Dubner
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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88
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Ding W, You Z, Shen S, Yang J, Lim G, Doheny JT, Chen L, Zhu S, Mao J. An Improved Rodent Model of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain by Unilateral Chronic Constriction Injury of Distal Infraorbital Nerve. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:899-907. [PMID: 28238950 PMCID: PMC5537008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies on trigeminal nerve injury using animal models remains limited. A rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain was first developed in 1994, in which chronic constriction injury (CCI) is induced by ligation of the infraorbital nerve (IoN). This animal model has served as a major tool to study trigeminal neuropathic pain. Unfortunately, the surgical procedure in this model is complicated and far more difficult than ligation of peripheral nerves (eg, sciatic nerve). The aim of this study was to improve on the current surgical procedure of IoN ligation to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in rats. We show that the IoN can be readily accessed through a small facial incision. CCI can be induced by ligation of a segment at the distal IoN (dIoN). This dIoN-CCI procedure is simple, minimally invasive, and time-saving. Our data show that the dIoN-CCI procedure consistently induced acute as well as chronic nociceptive behaviors in rats. Daily gabapentin treatment attenuated mechanical allodynia and reduced face-grooming episodes in dIoN-CCI rats. PERSPECTIVE The orofacial pain caused by trigeminal nerve damage is severe and perhaps more debilitating than other types of neuropathic pain. However, studies on trigeminal neuropathic pain remain limited. This is largely because of the lack of proper animal models because of the complexity of the existing surgical procedures required to induce trigeminal nerve injury. Our improved dIoN-CCI model is likely to make it more accessible to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain caused by trigeminal nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zerong You
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiqian Shen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grewo Lim
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason T Doheny
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucy Chen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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89
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Castro A, Li Y, Raver C, Chandra R, Masri R, Lobo MK, Keller A. Neuropathic pain after chronic nerve constriction may not correlate with chloride dysregulation in mouse trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons. Pain 2017; 158:1366-1372. [PMID: 28426550 PMCID: PMC5482239 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in chloride reversal potential in rat spinal cord neurons have previously been associated with persistent pain in nerve injury and inflammation models. These changes correlate with a decrease in the expression of the potassium chloride transporter, KCC2, and with increases in neuronal excitability. Here, we test the hypothesis that similar changes occur in mice with neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the trigeminal infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). This model allows us to distinguish an acute pain phase (3-5 days after injury) from a persistent pain phase (12-14 days after CCI-ION). Chronic constriction injury of the trigeminal infraorbital nerve induced significant decreases in mechanical pain thresholds in both the acute and persistent phases. To estimate GABAA reversal potentials in neurons from trigeminal nucleus caudalis, we obtained perforated patch recordings in vitro. GABAA reversal potential decreased by 8% during the acute phase in unidentified neurons, but not in GABAergic interneurons. However, at 12 to 14 days after CCI-ION, GABAA reversal potential recovered to normal values. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed no significant changes, at either 3 to 5 days or 12 to 14 days after CCI-ION, in either KCC2 or NKCC1. These findings suggest that CCI-ION in mice results in transient and modest changes in chloride reversal potentials, and that these changes may not persist during the late phase. This suggests that, in the mouse model of CCI-ION, chloride dysregulation may not have a prominent role in the central mechanisms leading to the maintenance of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Castro
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Charles Raver
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Radi Masri
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Surgery, Baltimore College of Dentistry. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
| | - Asaf Keller
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland
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90
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Nakamoto K, Aizawa F, Kinoshita M, Koyama Y, Tokuyama S. Astrocyte Activation in Locus Coeruleus Is Involved in Neuropathic Pain Exacerbation Mediated by Maternal Separation and Social Isolation Stress. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:401. [PMID: 28701953 PMCID: PMC5487383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that emotional dysfunction associated with early life stress exacerbated nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia. Sex differences were observed in several anxiety tests, but not in mechanical allodynia. To elucidate the mechanism underlying these findings, we have now investigated the involvement of astrocytes in emotional dysfunction and enhancement of nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia in mice subjected to maternal separation combined with social isolation (MSSI) as an early life stress. We measured expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte maker, in each brain area by immunohistochemistry. GFAP expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) of female, but not of male mice, significantly increased after MSSI, corresponding to the behavioral changes at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated astrocyte-derived supernatant was administered to local brain regions, including LC. Intra-LC injection of conditioned medium from cultured astrocytes treated with LPS increased GFAP expression, anxiety-like behavior and mechanical allodynia in both male and female mice. Furthermore, increases in anxiety-like behavior correlated with increased mechanical allodynia. These findings demonstrate that emotional dysfunction and enhanced nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia after exposure to MSSI are mediated, at least in part, by astrocyte activation in the LC. Male but not female mice may show resistance to MSSI stress during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin UniversityKobe, Japan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin UniversityKobe, Japan
| | - Megumi Kinoshita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin UniversityKobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin UniversityKobe, Japan
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91
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Gong WY, Wang R, Liu Y, Jin H, Zhao ZW, Wang YL, Li HY, Zhang X, Ni JX. Chronic Monoarthritis Pain Accelerates the Processes of Cognitive Impairment and Increases the NMDAR Subunits NR2B in CA3 of Hippocampus from 5-month-old Transgenic APP/PS1 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:123. [PMID: 28553223 PMCID: PMC5427068 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors impact cognitive impairment; however, the effects of chronic pain and the mechanisms underlying these effects on cognitive impairment are currently unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that chronic pain accelerates the transition from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in 5-month-old transgenic APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and that neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) subunits may be involved in this process. Chronic monoarthritis pain was induced in transgenic APP/PS1 mice and 5-month-old wild-type (WT) mice by intra- and pre-articular injections of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) into one knee joint. Pain behavior, learning and memory function, and the distribution and quantity of NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B) in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions were assessed. Our results showed that although persistent and robust monoarthritis pain was induced by the FCA injections, only the transgenic APP/PS1 mice with chronic monoarthritis pain exhibited marked learning and memory impairments. This result suggested that chronic monoarthritis pain accelerated the cognitive impairment process. Furthermore, only transgenic APP/PS1 mice with chronic monoarthritis pain exhibited an overexpression of NR2B and an increased NR2B/NR2A ratio in the hippocampus CA3. These findings suggest that chronic pain is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and that increased neurotoxicity associated with NMDAR subunit activation may underpin the impairment. Thus, NMDARs may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of chronic pain-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Gong
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China.,Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - He Jin
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China.,Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Ni
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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92
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Onodera Y, Kanao-Kanda M, Kanda H, Sasakawa T, Iwasaki H, Kunisawa T. Pregnancy suppresses neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats through the inhibition of TNF-α. J Pain Res 2017; 10:567-574. [PMID: 28331359 PMCID: PMC5349853 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pregnancy-induced analgesia develops during late pregnancy, but it is unclear whether this analgesia is effective against neuropathic pain. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy-induced analgesia have not been investigated. We examined the antinociceptive effect of pregnancy-induced analgesia in a neuropathic pain model and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba-1, and c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn just before parturition. Materials and methods Female Sprague Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (pregnant + chronic constriction injury [CCI]; pregnant + sham injury; not pregnant + CCI; and not pregnant + sham injury). Separate groups were used for the behavioral and tissue analyses. CCI of the left sciatic nerve was surgically induced 3 days after confirming pregnancy in the pregnancy group or on day 3 in the not pregnant group. The spinal cord was extracted 18 days after CCI. TNF-α, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos expression levels in the spinal dorsal horn were measured by Western blot analysis. Mechanical threshold was tested using von Frey filaments. Results The lowered mechanical threshold induced by CCI was significantly attenuated within 1 day before parturition and decreased after delivery. TNF-α expression in CCI rats was decreased within 1 day before parturition. Further, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn was reduced in the pregnant rats. Serum TNF-α in all groups was below measurable limits. Conclusion Our findings indicate that pregnancy-induced analgesia suppresses neuropathic pain through reducing spinal levels of TNF-α, GFAP, Iba-1, and c-Fos in a rat model of CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Kanao-Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kanda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sasakawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kunisawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
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93
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Hossain MZ, Shinoda M, Unno S, Ando H, Masuda Y, Iwata K, Kitagawa J. Involvement of microglia and astroglia in modulation of the orofacial motor functions in rats with neuropathic pain. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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94
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Zhang FF, Morioka N, Abe H, Fujii S, Miyauchi K, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Stimulation of spinal dorsal horn β2-adrenergic receptor ameliorates neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity through a reduction of phosphorylation of microglial p38 MAP kinase and astrocytic c-jun N-terminal kinase. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:144-155. [PMID: 27840124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The noradrenaline-adrenergic system has a crucial role in controlling nociceptive transduction at the spinal level. While α-adrenergic receptors are known to regulate nociceptive neurotransmitter release at the spinal presynaptic level, it is not entirely clear whether β-adrenergic receptors are involved in controlling pain transduction at the spinal level as well. The current study elucidated a role of β-adrenergic receptors in neuropathic pain in mice following a partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). In addition, the cellular and intracellular signaling cascade induced by β-adrenergic receptors in neuropathic mice was elaborated. Intrathecal injection of isoproterenol (1 nmol), a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor agonist, briefly ameliorated hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity of PSNL mice. Isoproterenol's antinociceptive effect was mediated through β2-adrenergic receptors since pretreatment with ICI118551, a selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, but not with CGP20712A, a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated isoproterenol's effect. Furthermore, intrathecal treatment with a selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, terbutaline, but not a selective β1-adrenergic receptor agonist, dobutamine, also significantly ameliorated neuropathic pain. Fourteen days after PSNL, increased phosphorylation of both p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in microglia and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in astrocytes of ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn were observed. Phosphorylation of both microglial p38 MAPK and astrocytic JNK were downregulated by stimulation of the β2-adrenergic receptor. Together, these results suggest that spinal β2-adrenergic receptor have an inhibitory role in neuropathic nociceptive transduction at the spinal level through a downregulation of glial activity, perhaps through modulation of MAP kinases phosphorylation. Thus, targeting of β2-adrenergic receptors could be an effective therapeutic strategy in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong, 271016, China
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shiori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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95
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Ding Z, Xu W, Zhang J, Zou W, Guo Q, Huang C, Liu C, Zhong T, Zhang JM, Song Z. Normalizing GDNF expression in the spinal cord alleviates cutaneous hyperalgesia but not ongoing pain in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:411-422. [PMID: 27716965 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is the most common complication in patients with bone cancer. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is believed to be involved in chronic pain conditions. In this article, the expression and roles of GDNF were studied in a rat model of BCP induced by tibia injection of Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells. Significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and ongoing pain were observed beginning as early as day 5 post injection. The expression level of GDNF protein examined on day 16 after tibia injection was decreased in the L3 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord, but not in other spinal levels or the anterior cingulate cortex. Phosphorylation of Ret, the receptor for GDNF family ligands, was also decreased. Furthermore, normalizing GDNF expression with lentiviral vector constructs in the spinal cord significantly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, spinal glial activation, and pERK induction induced by tibia injection, but did not affect ongoing pain. Together these findings provide new evidence for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic treatment for bone cancer pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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96
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Xu Y, Cheng G, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Pu S, Wu J, Lv Y, Du D. Anti-nociceptive roles of the glia-specific metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate in paclitaxel-evoked neuropathic pain. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:902-908. [PMID: 27563006 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a powerful chemotherapy drug used in breast cancers, but it often causes neuropathic pain, leading to the early cessation of therapy and poor treatment outcomes. Approaches for the management of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain are urgently needed. The involvement of spinal astrocytes in the pathogenesis of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy has been reported, but little is known about the role of fluorocitrate (FC), a selective inhibitor of astrocyte activation, during neuropathic pain related to paclitaxel treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of FC on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was determined to assess astrocyte activation. To explore the mechanisms involved, the expression of glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the spinal dorsal horn were analyzed. The results showed that paclitaxel decreased the mechanical nociceptive thresholds and increased GFAP expression, leading to spinal astrocyte activation. After paclitaxel treatment, GLT-1 was significantly down-regulated, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK were obviously up-regulated. However, paclitaxel treatment did not increase p38 phosphorylation. Additional studies showed that paclitaxel-evoked mechanical hypersensitivity was reduced by FC treatment. Moreover, FC treatment inhibited the activation of astrocytes and reversed the changes in GLT-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation. Further study indicated that FC did not influence the antitumor effect of paclitaxel, suggesting that FC blocked paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain without antagonizing its antitumor effect. Together, these results suggested that paclitaxel induced astrocyte-specific activation, which may contribute to mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, and that FC could be a potential therapeutic agent for paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xu
- Pain Management Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guangxia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pain Management Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shaofeng Pu
- Pain Management Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junzhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingying Lv
- Pain Management Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dongping Du
- Pain Management Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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97
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Interferon alpha inhibits spinal cord synaptic and nociceptive transmission via neuronal-glial interactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34356. [PMID: 27670299 PMCID: PMC5037469 DOI: 10.1038/srep34356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that interferons (IFNs), such as type-I IFN (IFN-α) and type-II IFN (IFN-γ) are produced by immune cells to elicit antiviral effects. IFNs are also produced by glial cells in the CNS to regulate brain functions. As a proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ drives neuropathic pain by inducing microglial activation in the spinal cord. However, little is known about the role of IFN-α in regulating pain sensitivity and synaptic transmission. Strikingly, we found that IFN-α/β receptor (type-I IFN receptor) was expressed by primary afferent terminals in the superficial dorsal horn that co-expressed the neuropeptide CGRP. In the spinal cord IFN-α was primarily expressed by astrocytes. Perfusion of spinal cord slices with IFN-α suppressed excitatory synaptic transmission by reducing the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSCs). IFN-α also inhibited nociceptive transmission by reducing capsaicin-induced internalization of NK-1 and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in superficial dorsal horn neurons. Finally, spinal (intrathecal) administration of IFN-α reduced inflammatory pain and increased pain threshold in naïve rats, whereas removal of endogenous IFN-α by a neutralizing antibody induced hyperalgesia. Our findings suggest a new form of neuronal-glial interaction by which IFN-α, produced by astrocytes, inhibits nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord.
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98
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Chodroff L, Bendele M, Valenzuela V, Henry M, Ruparel S. EXPRESS: BDNF Signaling Contributes to Oral Cancer Pain in a Preclinical Orthotopic Rodent Model. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916666841. [PMID: 27590070 PMCID: PMC5015823 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916666841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with oral cancer report intense pain that is only partially managed by current analgesics. Thus, there is a strong need to study mechanisms as well as develop novel analgesics for oral cancer pain. Current study employed an orthotopic tongue cancer model with molecular and non-reflexive behavioral assays to determine possible mechanisms of oral cancer pain. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells line, HSC2, was injected into the tongue of male athymic mice and tumor growth was observed by day 6. Immunohistological analyses revealed a well-differentiated tumor with a localized immune response and pronounced sensory and sympathetic innervation and vascularization. The tumor expressed TMPRSS2, a protein previously reported with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ATF3 expression in trigeminal ganglia was not altered by tumor growth. Molecular characterization of the model demonstrated altered expression of several pain-related genes, out of which up-regulation of BDNF was most striking. Moreover, BDNF protein expression in trigeminal ganglia neurons was increased and inhibition of BDNF signaling with a tyrosine kinase B antagonist, ANA-12, reversed pain-like behaviors induced by the oral tumor. Oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth was also associated with a reduction in feeding, mechanical hypersensitivity in the face, as well as spontaneous pain behaviors as measured by the conditioned place preference test, all of which were reversed by analgesics. Interestingly, injection of HSC2 into the hindpaw did not reproduce this spectrum of pain behaviors; nor did injection of a colonic cancer cell line into the tongue. Taken together, this orthotopic oral cancer pain model reproduces the spectrum of pain reported by oral cancer patients, including higher order cognitive changes, and demonstrates that BDNF signaling constitutes a novel mechanism by which oral squamous cell carcinoma induces pain. Identification of the key role of tyrosine kinase B signaling in oral cancer pain may serve as a novel target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chodroff
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Michele Bendele
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Cancer Therapy and Research Center
| | | | - Michael Henry
- University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Cancer Therapy and Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio
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99
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Fiore NT, Austin PJ. Are the emergence of affective disturbances in neuropathic pain states contingent on supraspinal neuroinflammation? Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:397-411. [PMID: 27118632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-immune interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. A large body of preclinical evidence supports the idea that the immune system acts to modulate the sensory symptoms of neuropathy at both peripheral and central nervous system sites. The potential involvement of neuro-immune interactions in the highly debilitating affective disturbances of neuropathic pain, such as depression, anhedonia, impaired cognition and reduced motivation has received little attention. This is surprising given the widely accepted view that sickness behaviour, depression, cognitive impairment and other neuropsychiatric conditions can arise from inflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, there is a set of well-described immune-to-brain transmission mechanisms that explain how peripheral inflammation can lead to supraspinal neuroinflammation. In the last 5years increasing evidence has emerged that peripheral nerve injury induces supraspinal changes in cytokine or chemokine expression and alters glial cell activity. In this systematic review, based on strong preclinical evidence, we advance the argument that the emergence of affective disturbances in neuropathic pain states are contingent on pro-inflammatory mediators in the interconnected hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuitry that subserve affective behaviours. We explore how dysregulation of inflammatory mediators in these networks may result in affective disturbances through a wide variety of neuromodulatory mechanisms. There are also promising results from clinical trials showing that anti-inflammatory agents have efficacy in the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions including depression and appear suited to sub-groups of patients with elevated pro-inflammatory profiles. Thus, although further research is required, aggressively targeting supraspinal pro-inflammatory mediators at critical time-points in appropriate clinical populations is likely to be a novel avenue to treat debilitating affective disturbances in neuropathic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fiore
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul J Austin
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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100
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Guan J, Liu J, Ma P, Gu K, Zhao J, Yang G, Song T. Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla alleviates painful diabetic neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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