51
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Miranda CC, Fernandes TG, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Scaling up a chemically-defined aggregate-based suspension culture system for neural commitment of human pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1628-1638. [PMID: 27754603 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The demand of high cell numbers for applications in cellular therapies and drug screening requires the development of scalable platforms capable to generating highly pure populations of tissue-specific cells from human pluripotent stem cells. In this work, we describe the scaling-up of an aggregate-based culture system for neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) under chemically-defined conditions. A combination of non-enzymatic dissociation and rotary agitation was successfully used to produce homogeneous populations of hiPSC aggregates with an optimal (140 μm) and narrow distribution of diameters (coefficient of variation of 21.6%). Scalable neural commitment of hiPSCs as 3D aggregates was performed in 50 mL spinner flasks, and the process was optimized using a factorial design approach, involving parameters such as agitation rate and seeding density. We were able to produce neural progenitor cell cultures, that at the end of a 6-day neural induction process contained less than 3% of Oct4-positive cells and that, after replating, retained more than 60% of Pax6-positive neural cells. The results here presented should set the stage for the future generation of a clinically relevant number of human neural progenitors for transplantation and other biomedical applications using controlled, automated and reproducible large-scale bioreactor culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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52
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Hiler DJ, Barabas ME, Griffiths LM, Dyer MA. Reprogramming of mouse retinal neurons and standardized quantification of their differentiation in 3D retinal cultures. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1955-1976. [PMID: 27658012 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Postmitotic differentiated neurons are among the most difficult cells to reprogram into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they have poor viability when cultured as dissociated cells. To overcome this, other protocols have required the inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor to reprogram postmitotic neurons, which can result in tumorigenesis of the cells. We describe a method that does not require p53 inactivation but induces reprogramming in retinal cells from reprogrammable mice grown in aggregates with wild-type mouse retinal cells. After the first 10 d of reprogramming, the aggregates are then dispersed and plated on irradiated feeder cells to propagate and isolate individual iPSC clones. The reprogramming efficiency of different neuronal populations at any stage of development can be quantified using this protocol. Reprogramming retinal neurons using this protocol will take 56 d, and these retina-derived iPSCs can undergo retinal differentiation to produce retinae in 34 d. In addition, we describe a quantitative assessment of retinal differentiation from these neuron-derived iPSCs called STEM-RET. The procedure quantifies eye field specification, optic cup formation and retinal differentiation in 3D cultures using molecular, cellular and morphological criteria. An advanced level of cell culture experience is required to carry out this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hiler
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marie E Barabas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lyra M Griffiths
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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53
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Fazeli Z, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH. CD29/CD184 expression analysis provides a signature for identification of neuronal like cells differentiated from PBMSCs. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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54
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Santos DP, Kiskinis E, Eggan K, Merkle FT. Comprehensive Protocols for CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN STEM CELL BIOLOGY 2016; 38:5B.6.1-5B.6.60. [PMID: 27532820 PMCID: PMC4988528 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the potential to revolutionize hPSC-based disease modeling, drug screening, and transplantation therapy. Here, we aim to provide a single resource to enable groups, even those with limited experience with hPSC culture or the CRISPR/Cas9 system, to successfully perform genome editing. The methods are presented in detail and are supported by a theoretical framework to allow for the incorporation of inevitable improvements in the rapidly evolving gene-editing field. We describe protocols to generate hPSC lines with gene-specific knock-outs, small targeted mutations, or knock-in reporters. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Santos
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology & Clinical Neurological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology & Clinical Neurological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Florian T. Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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55
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Skog MS, Nystedt J, Korhonen M, Anderson H, Lehti TA, Pajunen MI, Finne J. Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule and polysialic acid in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:113. [PMID: 27528376 PMCID: PMC4986182 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to develop novel clinical applications and to gain insights into possible therapeutic mechanisms, detailed molecular characterization of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) is needed. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, CD56) is a transmembrane glycoprotein modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. An additional post-translational modification of NCAM is the α2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia). Because of its background, NCAM is often considered a marker of neural lineage commitment. Generally, hBM-MSCs are considered to be devoid of NCAM expression, but more rigorous characterization is needed. METHODS We have studied NCAM and polySia expression in five hBM-MSC lines at mRNA and protein levels. Cell surface localization was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and expression frequency in the donor-specific lines by flow cytometry. For the detection of poorly immunogenic polySia, a fluorochrome-tagged catalytically defective enzyme was employed. RESULTS All five known NCAM isoforms are expressed in these cells at mRNA level and the three main isoforms are present at protein level. Both polysialyltransferases, generally responsible for NCAM polysialylation, are expressed at mRNA level, but only very few cells express polySia at the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the need for a careful control of methods and conditions in the characterization of MSCs. This study shows that, against the generally held view, clinical-grade hBM-MSCs do express NCAM. In contrast, although both polysialyltransferase genes are transcribed in these cells, very few express polySia at the cell surface. NCAM and polySia represent new candidate molecules for influencing MSC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Skog
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Anderson
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Present Address: Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, P.O. Box 1040, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo A Lehti
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria I Pajunen
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Present Address: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Finne
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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56
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Aleksandrova MA, Poltavtseva RA, Marei MV, Sukhikh GT. Analysis of Neural Stem Cells from Human Cortical Brain Structures In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:197-208. [PMID: 27279101 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the neocortex from human fetuses showed that neural stem and progenitor cells are present in the brain throughout the gestation period, at least from week 8 through 26. At the same time, neural stem cells from the first and second trimester fetuses differed by the distribution, morphology, growth, and quantity. Immunocytochemical analysis of neural stem cells derived from fetuses at different gestation terms and cultured under different conditions showed their differentiation capacity. Detailed analysis of neural stem cell populations derived from fetuses on gestation weeks 8-9, 18-20, and 26 expressing Lex/SSEA1 was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Aleksandrova
- N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,V. I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Poltavtseva
- V. I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M V Marei
- V. I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - G T Sukhikh
- V. I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Safina D, Schlitt F, Romeo R, Pflanzner T, Pietrzik CU, Narayanaswami V, Edenhofer F, Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is a novel modulator of radial glia stem cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Glia 2016; 64:1363-80. [PMID: 27258849 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The LDL family of receptors and its member low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) have classically been associated with a modulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Current studies, however, indicate diverse functions for this receptor in various aspects of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. LRP1 is essential for normal neuronal function in the adult CNS, whereas the role of LRP1 in development remained unclear. Previously, we have observed an upregulation of LewisX (LeX) glycosylated LRP1 in the stem cells of the developing cortex and demonstrated its importance for oligodendrocyte differentiation. In the current study, we show that LeX-glycosylated LRP1 is also expressed in the stem cell compartment of the developing spinal cord and has broader functions in the developing CNS. We have investigated the basic properties of LRP1 conditional knockout on the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from the cortex and the spinal cord, created by means of Cre-loxp-mediated recombination in vitro. The functional status of LRP1-deficient cells has been studied using proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis assays. LRP1 deficient NSPCs from both CNS regions demonstrated altered differentiation profiles. Their differentiation capacity toward oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and neurons was reduced. In contrast, astrocyte differentiation was promoted. Moreover, LRP1 deletion had a negative effect on NSPCs proliferation and survival. Our observations suggest that LRP1 facilitates NSPCs differentiation via interaction with apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Upon ApoE4 stimulation wild type NSPCs generated more oligodendrocytes, but LRP1 knockout cells showed no response. The effect of ApoE seems to be independent of cholesterol uptake, but is rather mediated by downstream MAPK and Akt activation. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2016;64:1363-1380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Safina
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Frederik Schlitt
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Ramona Romeo
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pflanzner
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 90840
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Wuerzburg, Koellikerstraße 6, Wuerzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
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58
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Katsukawa M, Nakajima Y, Fukumoto A, Doi D, Takahashi J. Fail-Safe Therapy by Gamma-Ray Irradiation Against Tumor Formation by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:815-25. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Katsukawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Signal Transductions, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukumoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Doi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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59
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Westbroek W, Nguyen M, Siebert M, Lindstrom T, Burnett RA, Aflaki E, Jung O, Tamargo R, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Acosta W, Hendrix A, Behre B, Tayebi N, Fujiwara H, Sidhu R, Renvoise B, Ginns EI, Dutra A, Pak E, Cramer C, Ory DS, Pavan WJ, Sidransky E. A new glucocerebrosidase-deficient neuronal cell model provides a tool to probe pathophysiology and therapeutics for Gaucher disease. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:769-78. [PMID: 27482815 PMCID: PMC4958308 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal hydrolase involved in the breakdown of glucosylceramide. Gaucher disease, a recessive lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by mutations in the gene GBA1. Dysfunctional glucocerebrosidase leads to accumulation of glucosylceramide and glycosylsphingosine in various cell types and organs. Mutations in GBA1 are also a common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies. In recent years, research on the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease, the molecular link between Gaucher and Parkinson disease, and novel therapeutics, have accelerated the need for relevant cell models with GBA1 mutations. Although induced pluripotent stem cells, primary rodent neurons, and transfected neuroblastoma cell lines have been used to study the effect of glucocerebrosidase deficiency on neuronal function, these models have limitations because of challenges in culturing and propagating the cells, low yield, and the introduction of exogenous mutant GBA1. To address some of these difficulties, we established a high yield, easy-to-culture mouse neuronal cell model with nearly complete glucocerebrosidase deficiency representative of Gaucher disease. We successfully immortalized cortical neurons from embryonic null allele gba−/− mice and the control littermate (gba+/+) by infecting differentiated primary cortical neurons in culture with an EF1α-SV40T lentivirus. Immortalized gba−/− neurons lack glucocerebrosidase protein and enzyme activity, and exhibit a dramatic increase in glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine accumulation, enlarged lysosomes, and an impaired ATP-dependent calcium-influx response; these phenotypical characteristics were absent in gba+/+ neurons. This null allele gba−/− mouse neuronal model provides a much-needed tool to study the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease and to evaluate new therapies. Summary: This work describes the generation of a novel immortalized glucocerebrosidase-deficient neuronal cell model with utility for pathophysiology research and therapeutic development in Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Westbroek
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Nguyen
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marina Siebert
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Taylor Lindstrom
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Burnett
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elma Aflaki
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olive Jung
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Tamargo
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Genomics, Development, and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bahafta Behre
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Rohini Sidhu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Benoit Renvoise
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward I Ginns
- Lysosomal Disorders Treatment and Research Program, Clinical Labs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Amalia Dutra
- Cytogenetics Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evgenia Pak
- Cytogenetics Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Ory
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genomics, Development, and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Revisiting Mitochondrial Function and Metabolism in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Where Do We Stand in Neurological Diseases? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1858-1873. [PMID: 26892627 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are powerful cellular tools that can generate all the different cell types of the body, and thus overcome the often limited access to human disease tissues; this becomes highly relevant when aiming to investigate cellular (dys)function in diseases affecting the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated that PSC and differentiated cells show altered mitochondrial function and metabolic profiles and production of reactive oxygen species. This raises an emerging paradigm about the role of mitochondria in stem cell biology and urges the need to identify mitochondrial pathways involved in these processes. In this respect, this review focuses on the metabolic profile of PSC and how mitochondrial function can influence the reprogramming and differentiation processes. Indeed, both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) favor the glycolytic pathway as a major source of energy production over oxidative phosphorylation. PSC mitochondria are characterized by a spherical shape, low copy number of mitochondrial DNA, and a hyperpolarized state. Indeed, mitochondria appear to have a crucial role in reprogramming iPSC, in the maintenance of a pluripotent state, and in differentiation. Moreover, an increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has to occur for differentiation to succeed. Therefore, in vitro differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons can be compromised if those mechanisms are impaired. Future research should shed light on how mitochondrial impairment occurring in pre differentiation neural stages (e.g., in NSC or premature neurons) may contribute for the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
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61
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Mengarelli I, Fryga A, Barberi T. Use of Multicolor Flow Cytometry for Isolation of Specific Cell Populations Deriving from Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1307:191-203. [PMID: 24297315 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flow Cytometry-Sorting (FCM-Sorting) is a technique commonly used to identify and isolate specific types of cells from a heterogeneous population of live cells. Here we describe a multicolor flow cytometry technique that uses five distinct cell surface antigens to isolate four live populations with different surface antigen profiles. These profiles were used to help distinguishing between neural and nonneural (the lens) ectoderm derivatives within a highly heterogenous population of differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mengarelli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, K2-113, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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62
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Zhang Y, Pappas D. Microfluidic cell surface antigen expression analysis using a single antibody type. Analyst 2016; 141:1440-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A single-chip approach to capture and isolate cells based on differences in antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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63
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Chen Z. Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: New Hope from Reprogramming Technologies. Aging Dis 2015; 6:499-503. [PMID: 26618051 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the major pathology being the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) midbrain neurons in the substantia nigra. As early as in the 1980s, open-label clinical trials employing fetal ventral mesencephalon (fVM) tissues have demonstrated significant efficacy for PD treatment, which led to two NIH-sponsored double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials. However, both trials showed only mild outcome. Retrospective analysis revealed several possible reasons that include patient selection, heterogeneity of grafts, immune recognition of grafts, lack of standardization of transplantation procedure and uneven distribution of grafts. Recent years have seen advances in reprogramming technologies which may provide solutions to the problems associated with fVM tissues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) hold promise for generating clinical grade DA neural cells that are safe, homogeneous, scalable and standardizable. These new technologies may bring back clinical trials using cell therapy for PD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Chen
- 1 Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China ; 2 Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China ; 3 Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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64
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Modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in pure human iPSc-derived motor neurons isolated by a novel FACS double selection technique. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:269-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Li W, Chen S, Li JY. Human induced pluripotent stem cells in Parkinson's disease: A novel cell source of cell therapy and disease modeling. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:161-77. [PMID: 26408505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are two novel cell sources for studying neurodegenerative diseases. Dopaminergic neurons derived from hiPSCs/hESCs have been implicated to be very useful in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, including cell replacement therapy, disease modeling and drug screening. Recently, great efforts have been made to improve the application of hiPSCs/hESCs in PD research. Considerable advances have been made in recent years, including advanced reprogramming strategies without the use of viruses or using fewer transcriptional factors, optimized methods for generating highly homogeneous neural progenitors with a larger proportion of mature dopaminergic neurons and better survival and integration after transplantation. Here we outline the progress that has been made in these aspects in recent years, particularly during the last year, and also discuss existing issues that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Okolicsanyi RK, Camilleri ET, Oikari LE, Yu C, Cool SM, van Wijnen AJ, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retain Multilineage Differentiation Capacity Including Neural Marker Expression after Extended In Vitro Expansion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137255. [PMID: 26356539 PMCID: PMC4565666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The suitability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in regenerative medicine relies on retention of their proliferative expansion potential in conjunction with the ability to differentiate toward multiple lineages. Successful utilisation of these cells in clinical applications linked to tissue regeneration requires consideration of biomarker expression, time in culture and donor age, as well as their ability to differentiate towards mesenchymal (bone, cartilage, fat) or non-mesenchymal (e.g., neural) lineages. To identify potential therapeutic suitability we examined hMSCs after extended expansion including morphological changes, potency (stemness) and multilineage potential. Commercially available hMSC populations were expanded in vitro for > 20 passages, equating to > 60 days and > 50 population doublings. Distinct growth phases (A-C) were observed during serial passaging and cells were characterised for stemness and lineage markers at representative stages (Phase A: P+5, approximately 13 days in culture; Phase B: P+7, approximately 20 days in culture; and Phase C: P+13, approximately 43 days in culture). Cell surface markers, stem cell markers and lineage-specific markers were characterised by FACS, ICC and Q-PCR revealing MSCs maintained their multilineage potential, including neural lineages throughout expansion. Co-expression of multiple lineage markers along with continued CD45 expression in MSCs did not affect completion of osteogenic and adipogenic specification or the formation of neurospheres. Improved standardised isolation and characterisation of MSCs may facilitate the identification of biomarkers to improve therapeutic efficacy to ensure increased reproducibility and routine production of MSCs for therapeutic applications including neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Okolicsanyi
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily T. Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chieh Yu
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon M. Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M. Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
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DeRosa BA, Belle KC, Thomas BJ, Cukier HN, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM, Dykxhoorn DM. hVGAT-mCherry: A novel molecular tool for analysis of GABAergic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:244-57. [PMID: 26284979 PMCID: PMC4593758 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic synaptic transmission is known to play a critical role in the assembly of neuronal circuits during development and is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain during maturation into adulthood. Importantly, defects in GABAergic neuronal function and signaling have been linked to a number of neurological diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. With patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models of neurological disease, it is now possible to investigate the disease mechanisms that underlie deficits in GABAergic function in affected human neurons. To that end, tools that enable the labeling and purification of viable GABAergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells would be of great value. RESULTS To address the need for tools that facilitate the identification and isolation of viable GABAergic neurons from the in vitro differentiation of iPSC lines, a cell type-specific promoter-driven fluorescent reporter construct was developed that utilizes the human vesicular GABA transporter (hVGAT) promoter to drive the expression of mCherry specifically in VGAT-expressing neurons. The transduction of iPSC-derived forebrain neuronal cultures with the hVGAT promoter-mCherry lentiviral reporter construct specifically labeled GABAergic neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis of hVGAT-mCherry expression cells showed significant co-labeling with the GABAergic neuronal markers for endogenous VGAT, GABA, and GAD67. Expression of mCherry from the VGAT promoter showed expression in several cortical interneuron subtypes to similar levels. In addition, an effective and reproducible protocol was developed to facilitate the fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS)-mediated purification of high yields of viable VGAT-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the utility of the hVGAT-mCherry reporter construct as an effective tool for studying GABAergic neurons differentiated in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. This approach could provide a means of obtaining large quantities of viable GABAergic neurons derived from disease-specific hiPSCs that could be used for functional assays or high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A DeRosa
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Kinsley C Belle
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Blake J Thomas
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Holly N Cukier
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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McClure CD, Southall TD. Getting Down to Specifics: Profiling Gene Expression and Protein-DNA Interactions in a Cell Type-Specific Manner. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 91:103-151. [PMID: 26410031 PMCID: PMC4604662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of multicellular organisms are comprised of an extraordinary range of cell types, with different properties and gene expression profiles. Understanding what makes each cell type unique and how their individual characteristics are attributed are key questions for both developmental and neurobiologists alike. The brain is an excellent example of the cellular diversity expressed in the majority of eukaryotes. The mouse brain comprises of approximately 75 million neurons varying in morphology, electrophysiology, and preferences for synaptic partners. A powerful process in beginning to pick apart the mechanisms that specify individual characteristics of the cell, as well as their fate, is to profile gene expression patterns, chromatin states, and transcriptional networks in a cell type-specific manner, i.e., only profiling the cells of interest in a particular tissue. Depending on the organism, the questions being investigated, and the material available, certain cell type-specific profiling methods are more suitable than others. This chapter reviews the approaches presently available for selecting and isolating specific cell types and evaluates their key features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D. McClure
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D. Southall
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Choi CKK, Li J, Wei K, Xu YJ, Ho LWC, Zhu M, To KKW, Choi CHJ, Bian L. A gold@polydopamine core-shell nanoprobe for long-term intracellular detection of microRNAs in differentiating stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7337-46. [PMID: 25996312 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The capability of monitoring the differentiation process in living stem cells is crucial to the understanding of stem cell biology and the practical application of stem-cell-based therapies, yet conventional methods for the analysis of biomarkers related to differentiation require a large number of cells as well as cell lysis. Such requirements lead to the unavoidable loss of cell sources and preclude real-time monitoring of cellular events. In this work, we report the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) in living human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by using polydopamine-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PDA NPs). The PDA shell facilitates the immobilization of fluorescently labeled hairpin DNA strands (hpDNAs) that can recognize specific miRNA targets. The gold core and PDA shell quench the fluorescence of the immobilized hpDNAs, and subsequent binding of the hpDNAs to the target miRNAs leads to their dissociation from Au@PDA NPs and the recovery of fluorescence signals. Remarkably, these Au@PDA-hpDNA nanoprobes can naturally enter stem cells, which are known for their poor transfection efficiency, without the aid of transfection agents. Upon cellular uptake of these nanoprobes, we observe intense and time-dependent fluorescence responses from two important osteogenic marker miRNAs, namely, miR-29b and miR-31, only in hMSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation and living primary osteoblasts but not in undifferentiated hMSCs and 3T3 fibroblasts. Strikingly, our nanoprobes can afford long-term tracking of miRNAs (5 days) in the differentiating hMSCs without the need of continuously replenishing cell culture medium with fresh nanoprobes. Our results demonstrate the capability of our Au@PDA-hpDNA nanoprobes for monitoring the differentiation status of hMSCs (i.e., differentiating versus undifferentiated) via the detection of specific miRNAs in living stem cells. Our nanoprobes show great promise in the investigation of the long-term dynamics of stem cell differentiation, identification and isolation of specific cell types, and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kit K Choi
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinming Li
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang J Xu
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lok Wai C Ho
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Hang J Choi
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liming Bian
- †Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), ‡Department of Electronic Engineering (Biomedical Engineering), §School of Pharmacy, ∥Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and the hope that treatment for diseases affecting mDA neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), might be facilitated by a better understanding of how these neurons are specified, differentiated and maintained in vivo. This knowledge might help to instruct efforts to generate mDA neurons in vitro, which holds promise not only for cell replacement therapy, but also for disease modeling and drug discovery. In this Primer, we will focus on recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of mDA neurons in vivo, and how they have been used to generate human mDA neurons in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or from somatic cells via direct reprogramming. Current challenges and future avenues in the development of a regenerative medicine for PD will be identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mark Denham
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - J. Carlos Villaescusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
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Acquarone M, de Melo TM, Meireles F, Brito-Moreira J, Oliveira G, Ferreira ST, Castro NG, Tovar-Moll F, Houzel JC, Rehen SK. Mitomycin-treated undifferentiated embryonic stem cells as a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:97. [PMID: 25904842 PMCID: PMC4389407 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an incurable progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Clinical presentation of PD stems largely from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, motivating experimental strategies of replacement based on cell therapy. Transplantation of dopaminergic neurons derived from embryonic stem cells significantly improves motor functions in rodent and non-human primate models of PD. However, protocols to generate dopaminergic neurons from embryonic stem cells generally meet with low efficacy and high risk of teratoma formation upon transplantation. To address these issues, we have pre-treated undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with the DNA alkylating agent mitomycin C (MMC) before transplantation. MMC treatment of cultures prevented tumorigenesis in a 12 week follow-up after mESCs were injected in nude mice. In 6-OH-dopamine-lesioned mice, intrastriatal injection of MMC-treated mESCs markedly improved motor function without tumor formation for as long as 15 months. Furthermore, we show that halting mitotic activity of undifferentiated mESCs induces a four-fold increase in dopamine release following in vitro differentiation. Our findings indicate that treating mESCs with MMC prior to intrastriatal transplant is an effective to strategy that could be further investigated as a novel alternative for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Acquarone
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Melo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Meireles
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jordano Brito-Moreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Oliveira
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Newton G Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Houzel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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72
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Rodrigues GMC, Rodrigues CAV, Fernandes TG, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Clinical-scale purification of pluripotent stem cell derivatives for cell-based therapies. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1103-14. [PMID: 25851544 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to revolutionize cell-replacement therapies because of their ability to self renew and differentiate into nearly every cell type in the body. However, safety concerns have delayed the clinical translation of this technology. One cause for this is the capacity that hPSCs have to generate tumors after transplantation. Because of the challenges associated with achieving complete differentiation into clinically relevant cell types, the development of safe and efficient strategies for purifying committed cells is essential for advancing hPSC-based therapies. Several purification strategies have now succeeded in generating non-tumorigenic and homogeneous cell-populations. These techniques typically enrich for cells by either depleting early committed populations from teratoma-initiating hPSCs or by positively selecting cells after differentiation. Here we review the working principles behind separation methods that have facilitated the safe and controlled application of hPSC-derived cells in laboratory settings and pre-clinical research. We underscore the need for improving and integrating purification strategies within differentiation protocols in order to unlock the therapeutic potential of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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73
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Sorting the wheat from the chaff in dopamine neuron-based cell therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4512-3. [PMID: 25848026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503859112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Nieweg K, Andreyeva A, van Stegen B, Tanriöver G, Gottmann K. Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-β induces synaptotoxicity in human iPS cell-derived neurons. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1709. [PMID: 25837485 PMCID: PMC4650541 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons have been proposed to be a highly valuable cellular model for studying the pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies employing patient-specific human iPSCs as models of familial and sporadic forms of AD described elevated levels of AD-related amyloid-β (Aβ). However, none of the present AD iPSC studies could recapitulate the synaptotoxic actions of Aβ, which are crucial early events in a cascade that eventually leads to vast brain degeneration. Here we established highly reproducible, human iPSC-derived cortical cultures as a cellular model to study the synaptotoxic effects of Aβ. We developed a highly efficient immunopurification procedure yielding immature neurons that express markers of deep layer cortical pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Upon long-term cultivation, purified cells differentiated into mature neurons exhibiting the generation of action potentials and excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Most interestingly, these iPSC-derived human neurons were strongly susceptible to the synaptotoxic actions of Aβ. Application of Aβ for 8 days led to a reduction in the overall FM4–64 and vGlut1 staining of vesicles in neurites, indicating a loss of vesicle clusters. A selective analysis of presynaptic vesicle clusters on dendrites did not reveal a significant change, thus suggesting that Aβ impaired axonal vesicle clusters. In addition, electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings of AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs revealed an Aβ-induced reduction in amplitudes, indicating an impairment of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. A loss of postsynaptic AMPA receptor clusters was confirmed by immunocytochemical stainings for GluA1. Incubation with Aβ for 8 days did not result in a significant loss of neurites or cell death. In summary, we describe a highly reproducible cellular AD model based on human iPSC-derived cortical neurons that enables the mechanistic analysis of Aβ-induced synaptic pathomechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nieweg
- 1] Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany [2] Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Andreyeva
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B van Stegen
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Tanriöver
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Gottmann
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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75
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Transcriptome analysis reveals transmembrane targets on transplantable midbrain dopamine progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1946-55. [PMID: 25775569 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501989112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge for the continued development of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the establishment of procedures that better standardize cell preparations for use in transplantation. Although cell sorting has been an anticipated strategy, its application has been limited by lack of knowledge regarding transmembrane proteins that can be used to target and isolate progenitors for midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons. We used a "FACS-array" approach to identify 18 genes for transmembrane proteins with high expression in mDA progenitors and describe the utility of four of these targets (Alcam, Chl1, Gfra1, and Igsf8) for isolating mDA progenitors from rat primary ventral mesencephalon through flow cytometry. Alcam and Chl1 facilitated a significant enrichment of mDA neurons following transplantation, while targeting of Gfra1 allowed for robust separation of dopamine and serotonin neurons. Importantly, we also show that mDA progenitors isolated on the basis of transmembrane proteins are capable of extensive, functional innervation of the host striatum and correction of motor impairment in a unilateral model of PD. These results are highly relevant for current efforts to establish safe and effective stem cell-based procedures for PD, where clinical translation will almost certainly require safety and standardization measures in order to deliver well-characterized cell preparations.
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76
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Abstract
Anchorage-dependent cells are of great interest for various biotechnological applications. (i) They represent a formidable production means of viruses for vaccination purposes at very large scales (in 1000-6000 l reactors) using microcarriers, and in the last decade many more novel viral vaccines have been developed using this production technology. (ii) With the advent of stem cells and their use/potential use in clinics for cell therapy and regenerative medicine purposes, the development of novel culture devices and technologies for adherent cells has accelerated greatly with a view to the large-scale expansion of these cells. Presently, the really scalable systems--microcarrier/microcarrier-clump cultures using stirred-tank reactors--for the expansion of stem cells are still in their infancy. Only laboratory scale reactors of maximally 2.5 l working volume have been evaluated because thorough knowledge and basic understanding of critical issues with respect to cell expansion while retaining pluripotency and differentiation potential, and the impact of the culture environment on stem cell fate, etc., are still lacking and require further studies. This article gives an overview on critical issues common to all cell culture systems for adherent cells as well as specifics for different types of stem cells in view of small- and large-scale cell expansion and production processes.
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77
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Pang L, Shen S, Ma C, Ma T, Zhang R, Tian C, Zhao L, Liu W, Wang J. Deformability and size-based cancer cell separation using an integrated microfluidic device. Analyst 2015; 140:7335-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an integrated microfluidic device for cell separation based on the cell size and deformability by combining the microstructure-constricted filtration and pneumatic microvalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Shen
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics
- Texas A&M University College Station
- USA
| | - Chang Tian
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine and Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
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78
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Naujock M, Stanslowsky N, Reinhardt P, Sterneckert J, Haase A, Martin U, Kim KS, Dengler R, Wegner F, Petri S. Molecular and Functional Analyses of Motor Neurons Generated from Human Cord-Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:3011-20. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Naujock
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Stanslowsky
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Leibnitz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibnitz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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79
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Integrated platform for production and purification of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:151-61. [PMID: 24221956 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for clinical applications, such as transplantation of clinically engineered tissues and organs, and drug discovery programs due to their ability to self-renew and to be differentiated into cells from the three embryonic germ layers. In this study, the differentiation of two hPSC-lines into neural precursors (NPs) was accomplished with more than 80% efficiency, by means of the dual-SMAD inhibition protocol, based on the use of two small molecules (SB431542 and LDN193189) to generate Pax6 and Nestin-positive neural entities. One of the major hurdles related to the in vitro generation of PSC-derived populations is the tumorigenic potential of cells that remain undifferentiated. These remaining hPSCs have the potential to generate teratomas after being transplanted, and may interfere with the outcome of in vitro differentiation protocols. One strategy to tackle this problem is to deplete these "contaminating" cells during the differentiation process. Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was used for the first time for purification of hPSC-derived NPs after the neural commitment stage using anti-Tra-1-60 micro beads for negative selection of the unwanted hPSCs. The depletion had an average efficiency of 80.4 ± 5% and less than 1.5% of Tra-1-60 positive cells were present in the purified populations. After re-plating, the purified neural precursors maintained their phenotype, and the success of the preparative purification with MACS was further confirmed with a decrease of 94.3% in the number of Oct4-positive proliferating hPSC colonies. Thus, the integration of the MACS depletion step with the neural commitment protocol paves the way towards the establishment of a novel bioprocess for production of purified populations of hPSC-derived neural cells for different applications.
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80
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ZAINAL ABIDIN S, ABBASPOURBABAEI M, NTIMI CM, SIEW WH, Pike-See CHEAH, ROSLI R, NORDIN N, LING KH. MiR-3099 is Overexpressed in Differentiating 46c Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells upon Neural Induction. Malays J Med Sci 2014; 21:27-33. [PMID: 25941460 PMCID: PMC4405808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in gene expression regulation and protein synthesis, especially in the central nervous system. In developing mouse embryos a novel miRNA, miR-3099, is highly expressed, particularly in the central nervous system. This study aims to determine the expression of miR-3099 during cellular differentiation of 46C mouse embryonic stem cells after neural induction with N2/B27 medium. METHODS 46C mouse embryonic stem cells were subjected to neural induction with N2/B27 medium. At 0, 3, 7, 11, 17, and 22 days after neural induction, the cells were screened for various pluripotent, progenitor, and differentiating/differentiated cells markers by immunocytochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Stem-loop pulse RT-PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-3099 at all selected time points after neural induction. RESULTS Our findings showed that after induction, mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated into heterogeneous pools of cells containing neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Mouse embryonic stem cells and neural progenitor/precursor cells were also present in culture up to day 22 as indicated by RT-PCR analysis. Elucidation of miR-3099 expression during in vitro neural induction revealed that this miRNA was expressed throughout the differentiation process of 46C mouse embryonic stem cells. miR-3099 was expressed at higher levels on day 11, 17, and 22 as compared to day 0, 3 and 7 after neural induction. CONCLUSION The level of miR-3099 expression was higher in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells after neural induction. This finding suggested that miR-3099 might play a role in regulating neural stem cell differentiation. However, further characterisation of miR-3099 in a better characterised or optimised differentiated neural stem cell culture would provide increased understanding of the cellular function and molecular targets of miR-3099, especially in neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidee ZAINAL ABIDIN
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam ABBASPOURBABAEI
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Carolindah Makena NTIMI
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hong SIEW
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - CHEAH Pike-See
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita ROSLI
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza NORDIN
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa LING
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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81
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Castaño J, Menendez P, Bruzos-Cidon C, Straccia M, Sousa A, Zabaleta L, Vazquez N, Zubiarrain A, Sonntag KC, Ugedo L, Carvajal-Vergara X, Canals JM, Torrecilla M, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Giorgetti A. Fast and efficient neural conversion of human hematopoietic cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:1118-31. [PMID: 25458894 PMCID: PMC4264063 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons obtained directly from human somatic cells hold great promise for disease modeling and drug screening. Available protocols rely on overexpression of transcription factors using integrative vectors and are often slow, complex, and inefficient. We report a fast and efficient approach for generating induced neural cells (iNCs) directly from human hematopoietic cells using Sendai virus. Upon SOX2 and c-MYC expression, CD133-positive cord blood cells rapidly adopt a neuroepithelial morphology and exhibit high expansion capacity. Under defined neurogenic culture conditions, they express mature neuronal markers and fire spontaneous action potentials that can be modulated with neurotransmitters. SOX2 and c-MYC are also sufficient to convert peripheral blood mononuclear cells into iNCs. However, the conversion process is less efficient and resulting iNCs have limited expansion capacity and electrophysiological activity upon differentiation. Our study demonstrates rapid and efficient generation of iNCs from hematopoietic cells while underscoring the impact of target cells on conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Castaño
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Cell Therapy Program of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Cell Therapy Program of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Cristina Bruzos-Cidon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Marco Straccia
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Amaia Sousa
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Lorea Zabaleta
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Platform, Inbiomed, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Nerea Vazquez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Amaia Zubiarrain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, San Sebastian 20009, Spain; Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Platform, Inbiomed, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Kai-Christian Sonntag
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | - Josep Maria Canals
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Maria Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Cell Therapy Program of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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82
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Nestor MW, Jacob S, Sun B, Prè D, Sproul AA, Hong SI, Woodard C, Zimmer M, Chinchalongporn V, Arancio O, Noggle SA. Characterization of a subpopulation of developing cortical interneurons from human iPSCs within serum-free embryoid bodies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C209-19. [PMID: 25394470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00263.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Production and isolation of forebrain interneuron progenitors are essential for understanding cortical development and developing cell-based therapies for developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. We demonstrate production of a population of putative calretinin-positive bipolar interneurons that express markers consistent with caudal ganglionic eminence identities. Using serum-free embryoid bodies (SFEBs) generated from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we demonstrate that these interneuron progenitors exhibit morphological, immunocytochemical, and electrophysiological hallmarks of developing cortical interneurons. Finally, we develop a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting strategy to isolate interneuron progenitors from SFEBs to allow development of a purified population of these cells. Identification of this critical neuronal cell type within iPSC-derived SFEBs is an important and novel step in describing cortical development in this iPSC preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Nestor
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York; The Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samson Jacob
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
| | - Bruce Sun
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
| | - Deborah Prè
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andrew A Sproul
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
| | - Seong Im Hong
- Department of Biological Science, Hunter College, New York, New York
| | - Chris Woodard
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Zimmer
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
| | - Vorapin Chinchalongporn
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York; Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; and
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Scott A Noggle
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York
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83
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Woodard CM, Campos BA, Kuo SH, Nirenberg MJ, Nestor MW, Zimmer M, Mosharov EV, Sulzer D, Zhou H, Paull D, Clark L, Schadt EE, Sardi SP, Rubin L, Eggan K, Brock M, Lipnick S, Rao M, Chang S, Li A, Noggle SA. iPSC-derived dopamine neurons reveal differences between monozygotic twins discordant for Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1173-82. [PMID: 25456120 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to a combination of genetic and nongenetic factors. We studied a set of monozygotic twins harboring the heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation (GBA N370S) but clinically discordant for PD. We applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for PD disease modeling using the twins' fibroblasts to evaluate and dissect the genetic and nongenetic contributions. Utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we obtained a homogenous population of "footprint-free" iPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. The mDA neurons from both twins had ∼50% GBA enzymatic activity, ∼3-fold elevated α-synuclein protein levels, and a reduced capacity to synthesize and release dopamine. Interestingly, the affected twin's neurons showed an even lower dopamine level, increased monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) expression, and impaired intrinsic network activity. Overexpression of wild-type GBA and treatment with MAO-B inhibitors normalized α-synuclein and dopamine levels, suggesting a combination therapy for the affected twin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Woodard
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian A Campos
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Michael W Nestor
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew Zimmer
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Paull
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Lee Rubin
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mathew Brock
- Axion Biosystems, 1819 Peachtree Road, Suite 350, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Scott Lipnick
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen Chang
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aiqun Li
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Scott A Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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84
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Zizkova M, Sucha R, Tyleckova J, Jarkovska K, Mairychova K, Kotrcova E, Marsala M, Gadher SJ, Kovarova H. Proteome-wide analysis of neural stem cell differentiation to facilitate transition to cell replacement therapies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 12:83-95. [PMID: 25363140 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.977381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating disorders and the demands on their treatment are set to rise in connection with higher disease incidence. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal profile of cellular protein expression during neural differentiation and definition of a set of markers highly specific for targeted neural populations is a key challenge. Intracellular proteins may be utilized as a readout for follow-up transplantation and cell surface proteins may facilitate isolation of the cell subpopulations, while secreted proteins could help unravel intercellular communication and immunomodulation. This review summarizes the potential of proteomics in revealing molecular mechanisms underlying neural differentiation of stem cells and presents novel candidate proteins of neural subpopulations, where understanding of their functionality may accelerate transition to cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
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85
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Brick DJ, Nethercott HE, Montesano S, Banuelos MG, Stover AE, Schutte SS, O'Dowd DK, Hagerman RJ, Ono M, Hessl DR, Tassone F, Schwartz PH. The Autism Spectrum Disorders Stem Cell Resource at Children's Hospital of Orange County: Implications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1275-86. [PMID: 25273538 PMCID: PMC4214842 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a set of neurodevelopmental disorders that are, at best, poorly understood but are the fastest growing developmental disorders in the United States. Because animal models of polygenic disorders such as the ASDs are difficult to validate, the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming offers an alternative strategy for identifying the cellular mechanisms contributing to ASDs and the development of new treatment options. Access to statistically relevant numbers of ASD patient cell lines, however, is still a limiting factor for the field. We describe a new resource with more than 200 cell lines (fibroblasts, iPSC clones, neural stem cells, glia) from unaffected volunteers and patients with a wide range of clinical ASD diagnoses, including fragile X syndrome. We have shown that both normal and ASD-specific iPSCs can be differentiated toward a neural stem cell phenotype and terminally differentiated into action-potential firing neurons and glia. The ability to evaluate and compare data from a number of different cell lines will facilitate greater insight into the cause or causes and biology of the ASDs and will be extremely useful for uncovering new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Some drug treatments have already shown promise in reversing the neurobiological abnormalities in iPSC-based models of ASD-associated diseases. The ASD Stem Cell Resource at the Children's Hospital of Orange County will continue expanding its collection and make all lines available on request with the goal of advancing the use of ASD patient cells as disease models by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brick
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hubert E Nethercott
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samantha Montesano
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maria G Banuelos
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexander E Stover
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Soleil Sun Schutte
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Diane K O'Dowd
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michele Ono
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David R Hessl
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Philip H Schwartz
- National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource, Centers for Neuroscience and Translational Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County Research Institute, Orange, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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86
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A time course analysis of the electrophysiological properties of neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103418. [PMID: 25072157 PMCID: PMC4114788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protocols have been designed to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neurons. Despite the relevance of electrophysiological properties for proper neuronal function, little is known about the evolution over time of important neuronal electrophysiological parameters in iPSC-derived neurons. Yet, understanding the development of basic electrophysiological characteristics of iPSC-derived neurons is critical for evaluating their usefulness in basic and translational research. Therefore, we analyzed the basic electrophysiological parameters of forebrain neurons differentiated from human iPSCs, from day 31 to day 55 after the initiation of neuronal differentiation. We assayed the developmental progression of various properties, including resting membrane potential, action potential, sodium and potassium channel currents, somatic calcium transients and synaptic activity. During the maturation of iPSC-derived neurons, the resting membrane potential became more negative, the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels increased, the membrane became capable of generating action potentials following adequate depolarization and, at day 48–55, 50% of the cells were capable of firing action potentials in response to a prolonged depolarizing current step, of which 30% produced multiple action potentials. The percentage of cells exhibiting miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents increased over time with a significant increase in their frequency and amplitude. These changes were associated with an increase of Ca2+ transient frequency. Co-culturing iPSC-derived neurons with mouse glial cells enhanced the development of electrophysiological parameters as compared to pure iPSC-derived neuronal cultures. This study demonstrates the importance of properly evaluating the electrophysiological status of the newly generated neurons when using stem cell technology, as electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived neurons mature over time.
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87
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Xiao N, Lin Y, Cao H, Sirjani D, Giaccia AJ, Koong AC, Kong CS, Diehn M, Le QT. Neurotrophic factor GDNF promotes survival of salivary stem cells. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3364-77. [PMID: 25036711 DOI: 10.1172/jci74096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based regenerative therapy is a promising treatment for head and neck cancer patients that suffer from chronic dry mouth (xerostomia) due to salivary gland injury from radiation therapy. Current xerostomia therapies only provide temporary symptom relief, while permanent restoration of salivary function is not currently feasible. Here, we identified and characterized a stem cell population from adult murine submandibular glands. Of the different cells isolated from the submandibular gland, this specific population, Lin-CD24+c-Kit+Sca1+, possessed the highest capacity for proliferation, self renewal, and differentiation during serial passage in vitro. Serial transplantations of this stem cell population into the submandibular gland of irradiated mice successfully restored saliva secretion and increased the number of functional acini. Gene-expression analysis revealed that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) is highly expressed in Lin-CD24+c-Kit+Sca1+ stem cells. Furthermore, GDNF expression was upregulated upon radiation therapy in submandibular glands of both mice and humans. Administration of GDNF improved saliva production and enriched the number of functional acini in submandibular glands of irradiated animals and enhanced salisphere formation in cultured salivary stem cells, but did not accelerate growth of head and neck cancer cells. These data indicate that modulation of the GDNF pathway may have potential therapeutic benefit for management of radiation-induced xerostomia.
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88
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Aguila JC, Blak A, van Arensbergen J, Sousa A, Vázquez N, Aduriz A, Gayosso M, Lopez Mato MP, Lopez de Maturana R, Hedlund E, Sonntag KC, Sanchez-Pernaute R. Selection Based on FOXA2 Expression Is Not Sufficient to Enrich for Dopamine Neurons From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1032-42. [PMID: 25024431 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are potential cell sources for regenerative approaches in Parkinson disease. Inductive differentiation protocols can generate midbrain dopamine neurons but result in heterogeneous cell mixtures. Therefore, selection strategies are necessary to obtain uniform dopamine cell populations. Here, we developed a selection approach using lentivirus vectors to express green fluorescent protein under the promoter region of FOXA2, a transcription factor that is expressed in the floor plate domain that gives rise to dopamine neurons during embryogenesis. We first validated the specificity of the vectors in human cell lines against a promoterless construct. We then selected FOXA2-positive neural progenitors from several human pluripotent stem cell lines, which demonstrated a gene expression profile typical for the ventral domain of the midbrain and floor plate, but failed to enrich for dopamine neurons. To investigate whether this was due to the selection approach, we overexpressed FOXA2 in neural progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cell lines. FOXA2 forced expression resulted in an increased expression of floor plate but not mature neuronal markers. Furthermore, selection of the FOXA2 overexpressing fraction also failed to enrich for dopamine neurons. Collectively, our results suggest that FOXA2 is not sufficient to induce a dopaminergic fate in this system. On the other hand, our study demonstrates that a combined approach of promoter activation and lentivirus vector technology can be used as a versatile tool for the selection of a defined cell population from a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Aguila
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Blak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joris van Arensbergen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amaia Sousa
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nerea Vázquez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ariane Aduriz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mayela Gayosso
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Paz Lopez Mato
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakel Lopez de Maturana
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Hedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai-Christian Sonntag
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair and Cytometry and Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain; STEMCELL Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
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89
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Haus DL, Nguyen HX, Gold EM, Kamei N, Perez H, Moore HD, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. CD133-enriched Xeno-Free human embryonic-derived neural stem cells expand rapidly in culture and do not form teratomas in immunodeficient mice. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:214-26. [PMID: 25082219 PMCID: PMC5675021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common methods for the generation of human embryonic-derived neural stem cells (hNSCs) result in cells with potentially compromised safety profiles due to maintenance of cells in conditions containing non-human proteins (e.g. in bovine serum or on mouse fibroblast feeders). Additionally, sufficient expansion of resulting hNSCs for scaling out or up in a clinically relevant time frame has proven to be difficult. Here, we report a strategy that produces hNSCs in completely “Xeno-Free” culture conditions. Furthermore, we have enriched the hNSCs for the cell surface marker CD133 via magnetic sorting, which has led to an increase in the expansion rate and neuronal fate specification of the hNSCs in vitro. Critically, we have also confirmed neural lineage specificity upon sorted hNSC transplantation into the immunodeficient NOD-scid mouse brain. The future use or adaptation of these protocols has the potential to better facilitate the advancement of pre-clinical strategies from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Haus
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Hal X Nguyen
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Eric M Gold
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Harvey Perez
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Harry D Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1750, USA.
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90
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iPSC-derived neurons from GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease patients show autophagic defects and impaired calcium homeostasis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4028. [PMID: 24905578 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene, responsible for the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease (GD), are the strongest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) known to date. Here we generate induced pluripotent stem cells from subjects with GD and PD harbouring GBA1 mutations, and differentiate them into midbrain dopaminergic neurons followed by enrichment using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Neurons show a reduction in glucocerebrosidase activity and protein levels, increase in glucosylceramide and α-synuclein levels as well as autophagic and lysosomal defects. Quantitative proteomic profiling reveals an increase of the neuronal calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) in diseased neurons. Mutant neurons show a dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and increased vulnerability to stress responses involving elevation of cytosolic calcium. Importantly, correction of the mutations rescues such pathological phenotypes. These findings provide evidence for a link between GBA1 mutations and complex changes in the autophagic/lysosomal system and intracellular calcium homeostasis, which underlie vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
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91
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Amin NM, Greco TM, Kuchenbrod LM, Rigney MM, Chung MI, Wallingford JB, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Proteomic profiling of cardiac tissue by isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types (INTACT). Development 2014; 141:962-73. [PMID: 24496632 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper dissection of the molecular mechanisms governing the specification and differentiation of specific cell types requires isolation of pure cell populations from heterogeneous tissues and whole organisms. Here, we describe a method for purification of nuclei from defined cell or tissue types in vertebrate embryos using INTACT (isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types). This method, previously developed in plants, flies and worms, utilizes in vivo tagging of the nuclear envelope with biotin and the subsequent affinity purification of the labeled nuclei. In this study we successfully purified nuclei of cardiac and skeletal muscle from Xenopus using this strategy. We went on to demonstrate the utility of this approach by coupling the INTACT approach with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic methodologies to profile proteins expressed in the nuclei of developing hearts. From these studies we have identified the Xenopus orthologs of 12 human proteins encoded by genes, which when mutated in human lead to congenital heart disease. Thus, by combining these technologies we are able to identify tissue-specific proteins that are expressed and required for normal vertebrate organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav M Amin
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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92
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Didar TF, Bowey K, Almazan G, Tabrizian M. A miniaturized multipurpose platform for rapid, label-free, and simultaneous separation, patterning, and in vitro culture of primary and rare cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:253-60. [PMID: 23949952 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Given that current cell isolation techniques are expensive, time consuming, yield low isolation purities, and/or alter target cell properties, a versatile, cost effective, and easy-to-operate microchip with the capability to simultaneously separate, capture, pattern, and culture rare and primary cells in vitro is developed. The platform is based on target cell adhesion onto the micro-fabricated interfaces produced by microcontact printing of cell-specific antibodies. Results show over 95% separation efficiency in less than 10 min for the separation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and cardiomyocytes from rat brain and heart mixtures, respectively. Target cell attachment and single cell spreading can be precisely controlled on the basis of the designed patterns. Both cell types can maintain their biofunctionality. Indeed, isolated OPCs can proliferate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, while isolated cardiomyocytes retain their contractile properties on the separation platform. Successful separation of two dissimilar cell types present in varying concentrations in their respective cell mixtures and the demonstration of their integrity after separation open new avenues for time and cost-effective sorting of various cell types using the developed miniaturized platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Fatanat Didar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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93
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Sundberg M, Isacson O. Advances in stem-cell–generated transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:437-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.876986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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94
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Sproul AA, Jacob S, Pre D, Kim SH, Nestor MW, Navarro-Sobrino M, Santa-Maria I, Zimmer M, Aubry S, Steele JW, Kahler DJ, Dranovsky A, Arancio O, Crary JF, Gandy S, Noggle SA. Characterization and molecular profiling of PSEN1 familial Alzheimer's disease iPSC-derived neural progenitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84547. [PMID: 24416243 PMCID: PMC3885572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) encodes the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, and PSEN1 mutations are the most common cause of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). In order to elucidate pathways downstream of PSEN1, we characterized neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from FAD mutant PSEN1 subjects. Thus, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from affected and unaffected individuals from two families carrying PSEN1 mutations. PSEN1 mutant fibroblasts, and NPCs produced greater ratios of Aβ42 to Aβ40 relative to their control counterparts, with the elevated ratio even more apparent in PSEN1 NPCs than in fibroblasts. Molecular profiling identified 14 genes differentially-regulated in PSEN1 NPCs relative to control NPCs. Five of these targets showed differential expression in late onset AD/Intermediate AD pathology brains. Therefore, in our PSEN1 iPSC model, we have reconstituted an essential feature in the molecular pathogenesis of FAD, increased generation of Aβ42/40, and have characterized novel expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Sproul
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AAS); (SAN)
| | - Samson Jacob
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deborah Pre
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Soong Ho Kim
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Nestor
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Miriam Navarro-Sobrino
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zimmer
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Soline Aubry
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John W. Steele
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Kahler
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John F. Crary
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sam Gandy
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- James J Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AAS); (SAN)
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95
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Diogo MM, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Separation Technologies for Stem Cell Bioprocessing. CELL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7196-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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96
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Rassouli FB, Matin MM, Bahrami AR, Ghaffarzadegan K, Cheshomi H, Lari S, Memar B, Kan MS. Evaluating stem and cancerous biomarkers in CD15+CD44+ KYSE30 cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2909-20. [PMID: 23797812 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are listed among the ten top causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are malignant cells that share some of their characteristics with normal stem cells, including self-renewal and multipotency, and also cancer cells, such as drug resistance and metastasis. Despite many reports on CSCs with digestive system origin, identification and characterization of esophageal CSCs have remained elusive. To examine the validity of routine SC, cancer cell and CSC markers in KYSE30 cells, derived from esophageal carcinoma, cells were first characterized by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR techniques, and then the significance of candidate biomarkers was evaluated in retinoic acid-treated cells by flow cytometry and/or real-time RT-PCR. Meanwhile, to study CD15 (a newly introduced CSC marker) expression in digestive tract cancers, human normal and tumoral tissues of esophagus, stomach, and colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Using several experimental approaches, we show that CD44, but not CD15, could serve as a reliable marker for undifferentiated malignant squamous cells of esophagus. In conclusion, our study confirms the role of CD44 as a CSC marker in KYSE30 cells, an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and for the first time indicates the expression of CD15 in non-neural stem-like cancer cells. Although the importance of CD15 was not indicated in diagnosis of digestive cancers, further studies are needed to better understand the biological identity and function of this molecule in non-neural malignancies.
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97
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Application of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell microcarrier cultures in cellular therapy: Achievements and future direction. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1032-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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98
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Devaraju K, Barnabé-Heider F, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. FoxJ1-expressing cells contribute to neurogenesis in forebrain of adult rats: evidence from in vivo electroporation combined with piggyBac transposon. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2790-800. [PMID: 24075965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ependymal cells in the lateral ventricular wall are considered to be post-mitotic but can give rise to neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke in adult mice due to insult-induced suppression of Notch signaling. The transcription factor FoxJ1, which has been used to characterize mouse ependymal cells, is also expressed by a subset of astrocytes. Cells expressing FoxJ1, which drives the expression of motile cilia, contribute to early postnatal neurogenesis in mouse olfactory bulb. The distribution and progeny of FoxJ1-expressing cells in rat forebrain are unknown. Here we show using immunohistochemistry that the overall majority of FoxJ1-expressing cells in the lateral ventricular wall of adult rats are ependymal cells with a minor population being astrocytes. To allow for long-term fate mapping of FoxJ1-derived cells, we used the piggyBac system for in vivo gene transfer with electroporation. Using this method, we found that FoxJ1-expressing cells, presumably the astrocytes, give rise to neuroblasts and mature neurons in the olfactory bulb both in intact and stroke-damaged brain of adult rats. No significant contribution of FoxJ1-derived cells to stroke-induced striatal neurogenesis was detected. These data indicate that in the adult rat brain, FoxJ1-expressing cells contribute to the formation of new neurons in the olfactory bulb but are not involved in the cellular repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Devaraju
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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99
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Clemens G, Flower KR, Henderson AP, Whiting A, Przyborski SA, Jimenez-Hernandez M, Ball F, Bassan P, Cinque G, Gardner P. The action of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and synthetic retinoid analogues (EC19 and EC23) on human pluripotent stem cells differentiation investigated using single cell infrared microspectroscopy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:677-92. [PMID: 23364809 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is widely used to direct the differentiation of cultured stem cells. When exposed to the pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cell line, TERA2.cl.SP12, ATRA induces ectoderm differentiation and the formation of neuronal cell types. We have previously generated synthetic analogues of retinoic acid (EC23 and EC19) which also induce the differentiation of EC cells. Even though EC23 and EC19 have similar chemical structures, they have differing biochemical effects in terms of EC cell differentiation. EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in a manner similar to ATRA, whereas EC19 directs the cells to form epithelial-like derivatives. Previous MALDI-TOF MS analysis examined the response of TERA2.cl.SP12 cells after exposure to ATRA, EC23 and EC19 and further demonstrated the similarly in the effect of ATRA and EC23 activity whilst responses to EC19 were very different. In this study, we show that Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy (FT-IRMS) coupled with appropriate scatter correction and multivariate analysis can be used as an effective tool to further investigate the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and monitor the alternative affects different retinoid compounds have on the induction of differentiation. FT-IRMS detected differences between cell populations as early as 3 days of compound treatment. Populations of cells treated with different retinoid compounds could easily be distinguished from one another during the early stages of cell differentiation. These data demonstrate that FT-IRMS technology can be used as a sensitive screening technique to monitor the status of the stem cell phenotype and progression of differentiation along alternative pathways in response to different compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Clemens
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester University, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Maria S, Helle B, Tristan L, Gaynor S, Arnar A, Michele M, Teresia O, Oliver C, Roger S, Penelope H, Ole I. Improved cell therapy protocols for Parkinson's disease based on differentiation efficiency and safety of hESC-, hiPSC-, and non-human primate iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Stem Cells 2013; 31:1548-62. [PMID: 23666606 PMCID: PMC3775937 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are due to the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). For the future treatment of Parkinson's disease with cell transplantation it is important to develop efficient differentiation methods for production of human iPSCs and hESCs-derived midbrain-type DA neurons. Here we describe an efficient differentiation and sorting strategy for DA neurons from both human ES/iPS cells and non-human primate iPSCs. The use of non-human primate iPSCs for neuronal differentiation and autologous transplantation is important for preclinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of stem cell-derived DA neurons. The aim of this study was to improve the safety of human- and non-human primate iPSC (PiPSC)-derived DA neurons. According to our results, NCAM(+) /CD29(low) sorting enriched VM DA neurons from pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell populations. NCAM(+) /CD29(low) DA neurons were positive for FOXA2/TH and EN1/TH and this cell population had increased expression levels of FOXA2, LMX1A, TH, GIRK2, PITX3, EN1, NURR1 mRNA compared to unsorted neural cell populations. PiPSC-derived NCAM(+) /CD29(low) DA neurons were able to restore motor function of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats 16 weeks after transplantation. The transplanted sorted cells also integrated in the rodent brain tissue, with robust TH+/hNCAM+ neuritic innervation of the host striatum. One year after autologous transplantation, the primate iPSC-derived neural cells survived in the striatum of one primate without any immunosuppression. These neural cell grafts contained FOXA2/TH-positive neurons in the graft site. This is an important proof of concept for the feasibility and safety of iPSC-derived cell transplantation therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundberg Maria
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Bogetofte Helle
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Lawson Tristan
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Smith Gaynor
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Astradsson Arnar
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Moore Michele
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Osborn Teresia
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Cooper Oliver
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Spealman Roger
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772
| | - Hallett Penelope
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
| | - Isacson Ole
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478
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