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Yang S, Ma C, Wu H, Zhang H, Yuan F, Yang G, Yang Q, Jia L, Liang Z, Kang L. Tectorigenin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by improving vascular endothelium dysfunction through activating AdipoR1/2 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104678. [PMID: 32014572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a kind of microvascular complication, is a primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. However, therapeutic drugs for DN treatment are still in lack. The glomerular endothelium is essential to maintain selective permeability of glomerular filtration barrier and glomerular vasculature function. Growing evidences show that endothelial dysfunction or injury is the initial stage of vascular damage in DN, which can be induced by hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Therefore, to improve the function of vascular endothelium in kidney is a key point for treatment of DN. As a plant isoflavone, tectorigenin (TEC) has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory functions. However, whether TEC could inhibit the DN development remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of TEC on DN development in db/db mice, a type of genetic defect diabetic mice that can spontaneously develop into severe renal dysfunction. Intriguingly, TEC treatment restored diabetes-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorder; and improved the deterioration of renal function, particularly the renal endothelium function in db/db mice. Additionally, TEC inhibited the renal inflammation via reducing macrophages infiltration and M1 polarization. Moreover, TEC inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury and M1 polarization in vitro. Mechanistically, TEC partially restored the reduction in expression of adiponectin receptor 1/2 (AdipoR1/2), pi-LKB1, pi-AMPKα, and PPARα in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, these beneficial pharmacological activities mediated by TEC were significantly attenuated after AdipoR1/2 knockdown by siRNA, indicating that AdipoR1/2 plays a critical role in protection against DN. Collectively, these results suggested that TEC have a potently effect for retarding type 2 diabetes-associated DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyi Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Tesch GH, Ma FY, Nikolic‐Paterson DJ. Targeting apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 in acute and chronic kidney disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2553-2560. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg H. Tesch
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Frank Y. Ma
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - David J. Nikolic‐Paterson
- Department of NephrologyMonash University Victoria Australia
- Department of MedicineMonash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
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53
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van der Vlag J, Buijsers B. Heparanase in Kidney Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:647-667. [PMID: 32274730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary filtration of blood occurs in the glomerulus in the kidney. Destruction of any of the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier might result in proteinuric disease. The glomerular endothelial cells and especially its covering layer, the glycocalyx, play a pivotal role in development of albuminuria. One of the main sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is heparan sulfate. The endoglycosidase heparanase degrades heparan sulfate, thereby affecting glomerular barrier function, immune reactivity and inflammation. Increased expression of glomerular heparanase correlates with loss of glomerular heparan sulfate in many glomerular diseases. Most importantly, heparanase knockout in mice prevented the development of albuminuria after induction of experimental diabetic nephropathy and experimental glomerulonephritis. Therefore, heparanase could serve as a pharmacological target for glomerular diseases. Several factors that regulate heparanase expression and activity have been identified and compounds aiming to inhibit heparanase activity are currently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology (480), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Baranca Buijsers
- Department of Nephrology (480), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pérez-López L, Boronat M, Melián C, Brito-Casillas Y, Wägner AM. Animal Models and Renal Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1307:521-551. [PMID: 32329028 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the first cause of end stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Animal models of the disease can shed light on the pathogenesis of the diabetic nephropathy (DN) and novel and earlier biomarkers of the condition may help to improve diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes the most important features of animal models used in the study of DN and updates the most recent progress in biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-López
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mauro Boronat
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos Melián
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana M Wägner
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Li X, Gao Z, Xu L, Li B, Gao H. Over-expression of arginine vasopressin in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus and its potential relationship with development of diabetic nephropathy. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1130-1139. [PMID: 32864002 PMCID: PMC7444698 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess our hypothesis that the expression changes of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of hypothalamus and V2 receptor for AVP (RVP) in kidney may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control group and the diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and electron microscopy were used for morphological studies. Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is standard for visualization of reactive astrocytes in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus was used for immunofluorescence of AVP. Kidney was used for immunohistochemical staining of RVP. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for quantitative determinations of AVP mRNA in hypothalamus and RVP mRNA in kidney. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of AVP in hypothalamus and RVP in kidney. RESULTS Morphological studies showed abnormalities in kidney and hypothalamus in the DM group. The number of neurons and the gray value of astrocytes in hypothalamus in the DM group were markedly decreased. The expression level of AVP in hypothalamus and the expression level of RVP in kidney of DM rats were significantly increased. The positive correlations between the proteinuria and expression (mRNA and protein) of AVP, proteinuria and expression (mRNA and protein) of RVP, and the expression of AVP and RVP levels were found. CONCLUSIONS AVP was upregulated in the MNCs of hypothalamus and RVP was upregulated in kidney in streptozotocin-induced DM rats, indicating their potential roles in the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Investigation of the Mechanism Underlying Calcium Dobesilate-Mediated Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Caused by High Glucose. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9893682. [PMID: 31780874 PMCID: PMC6855025 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9893682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is widely used to treat diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies have demonstrated that CaD exerts protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CaD. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with different D-glucose concentrations to determine the effects of high glucose on HUVEC gene expression. HUVECs were also incubated with CaD (25 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) for 3 days to determine the effects of CaD on HUVEC viability. db/db mice were treated with CaD. 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) blocked the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in HUVECs. A pentraxin 3 (PTX3) small interfering RNA (siRNA) intervention experiment was performed in the cells. An adenovirus-encapsulated PTX3 siRNA intervention experiment was performed in db/db mice. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses were used to detect PTX3, p-IKBa/IKBa (I-kappa-B-alpha), and p-eNOS/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression in mice and HUVECs. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were used to observe renal tissue damage in mice. PTX3 expression was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results CaD downregulated the expression of PTX3 and p-IKBa/IKBa and upregulated the expression of p-eNOS/eNOS in vitro. When TPCA-1 was used, high glucose induced high PTX3 expression, and the expression of p-eNOS/eNOS increased. After PTX3 gene silencing, the expression of p-eNOS/eNOS also increased. In vivo, CaD reduced the expression of PTX3 and p-IKBa/IKBa in the kidneys of db/db mice and increased the expression of p-eNOS/eNOS. After PTX3 gene silencing, the urine protein and renal function of db/db mice were ameliorated, the glomerular extracellular matrix was decreased, and the expression of p-eNOS/eNOS was increased. Conclusions Our results suggested that CaD may inhibit the expression of PTX3 by altering the IKK/IKB/NF-κB pathway, thereby improving endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs. PTX3 may be a potential therapeutic target for DKD.
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Chiang HP, Chiu YW, Lee JJ, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC. Blood pressure modifies outcomes in patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 97:402-413. [PMID: 31882172 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have demonstrated that low blood pressure is related to poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subgroup analyses from the SPRINT trial showed that targeting systolic blood pressure under 120 mmHg is less beneficial for patients with CKD. Although malnutrition and inflammation are common in patients with advanced CKD, such patients are usually excluded from clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome could explain this J-shaped relationship. To test this, we studied 2441 patients with CKD stages 3-5 who received anti-hypertensive treatment for at least one year. Averaged blood pressures of the first year were used in the analyses. Fine-Gray competing risks regression showed a J-shaped relationship between continuous systolic blood pressure and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with a nadir risk at a systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg. Adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratios of categorical systolic blood pressure 100-109 and 110-119 mmHg were 2.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.89) and 1.37 (0.94-1.99) for ESKD, respectively, compared with systolic blood pressures of 120-129 mmHg. Cox regression also showed J-shaped relationships between continuous systolic or diastolic blood pressures, and the composite outcomes of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Logistic regression demonstrated the odds ratios of blood pressure components for Malnutrition-Inflammation Scores over 4 were J-shaped. Sub-distribution hazard ratios of systolic blood pressure 100-119 mmHg for ESKD was higher in those with a Malnutrition-Inflammation Score over 4, compared to 0.93 (0.53-1.63) in those with a score of 4 or under with significant interaction. Thus, malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome is associated with low blood pressure and modifies the J-shaped relationship in patients with advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Pin Chiang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jiannren Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Fadini GP, Albiero M, Bonora BM, Avogaro A. Angiogenic Abnormalities in Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic and Clinical Aspects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5431-5444. [PMID: 31211371 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes causes severe pathological changes to the microvasculature in many organs and tissues and is at the same time associated with an increased risk of coronary and peripheral macrovascular events. We herein review alterations in angiogenesis observed in human and experimental diabetes and how they contribute to diabetes onset and development of vascular complications. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The English language medical literature was searched for articles reporting on angiogenesis/vasculogenesis abnormalities in diabetes and their clinical manifestations, mechanistic aspects, and possible therapeutic implications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Angiogenesis is a complex process, driven by a multiplicity of molecular mechanisms and involved in several physiological and pathological conditions. Incompetent angiogenesis is pervasive in diabetic vascular complications, with both excessive and defective angiogenesis observed in various tissues. A striking different angiogenic response typically occurs in the retina vs the myocardium and peripheral circulation, but some commonalities in abnormal angiogenesis can explain the well-known association between microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Impaired angiogenesis can also affect endocrine islet and adipose tissue function, providing a link to diabetes onset. Exposure to high glucose itself directly affects angiogenic/vasculogenic processes, and the mechanisms include defective responses to hypoxia and proangiogenic factors, impaired nitric oxide bioavailability, shortage of proangiogenic cells, and loss of pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Dissecting the molecular drivers of tissue-specific alterations of angiogenesis/vasculogenesis is an important challenge to devise new therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis-modulating therapies should be carefully evaluated in view of their potential off-target effects. At present, glycemic control remains the most reasonable therapeutic strategy to normalize angiogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Tian L, Nikolic‐Paterson DJ, Tesch GH. Establishing equivalent diabetes in male and female Nos3-deficient mice results in a comparable onset of diabetic kidney injury. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14197. [PMID: 31535473 PMCID: PMC6751401 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that sex differences exist in susceptibility for developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), supporting the need to examine both sexes in animal studies of DKD. Streptozotocin (STZ) is commonly used in male mice to induce diabetes and DKD. However, females are not normally included because their sex hormones partially protect them from STZ-induced islet injury and consequent diabetes. To address this issue, we identified a strategy to induce comparable diabetes in male and female mice using STZ and determined whether both sexes develop equivalent renal injury. Male and female mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3-/-) were made diabetic with five or six low-dose STZ injections, respectively. Groups of male and female mice with equivalent hyperglycemia at week 3 after STZ were assessed for DKD at week 8. STZ-treated male and female Nos3-/- mice maintained comparable hyperglycemia between weeks 3 and 8 had an equivalent increase in HbA1c levels and comparable hypertension. Urine albumin/creatinine levels were elevated eightfold in mice of both sexes at week 8, accompanied by an equivalent loss of podocytes. In diabetic males and females, plasma cystatin C levels and glomerular collagen deposition were similarly increased. Kidney mRNA levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were equally elevated in males and females, indicating comparable kidney injury. This study shows that equivalent diabetes induces a comparable onset of DKD in male and female Nos3-/- mice, demonstrating that it is possible to include males and females together in studies of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Tian
- Department of NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - David J. Nikolic‐Paterson
- Department of NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Greg H. Tesch
- Department of NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Simental-Mendía LE, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory effects of resolvins in diabetic nephropathy: Mechanistic pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14873-14882. [PMID: 30746696 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly. The exact pathophysiology of diabetes is unclear, but there is increasing evidence of the role of the inflammatory response in both developing diabetes as well as its complications. Resolvins are naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acids that are found in fish oil and sea food that have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory actions in several tissues including the kidneys. The pathways by which resolvins exert this anti-inflammatory effect are unclear. In this review we discuss the evidence showing that resolvins can suppress inflammatory responses via at least five molecular mechanisms through inhibition of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 3 inflammasome, inhibition of nuclear factor κB molecular pathways, improvement of oxidative stress, modulation of nitric oxide synthesis/release and prevention of local and systemic leukocytosis. Complete understanding of these molecular pathways is important as this may lead to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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61
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A new, easily generated mouse model of diabetic kidney fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12549. [PMID: 31467329 PMCID: PMC6715679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis has been hampered by the lack of easily generated pre-clinical animal models that faithfully recapitulate critical features of human disease. While most standard animal models develop manifestations of early stage diabetic injury such as hyperfiltration and mesangial matrix expansion, only a select few develop key late stage features such as interstitial fibrosis and reduced glomerular filtration rate. An underlying theme in these late stage disease models has been the addition of renin-angiotensin system hyperactivation, an important contributor to human disease pathogenesis. Widespread use of these models has been limited, however, as they are either labour intensive to generate, or have been developed in the rat, preventing the use of the many powerful genetic tools developed for mice. Here we describe the Akita+/− Ren+/− mouse, a new, easily generated murine model of diabetic kidney disease that develops many features of late stage human injury, including not only hyperglycemia, hypertension, and albuminuria, but also reduced glomerular filtration rate, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis.
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62
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He F, Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Wu L, Li Z, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Angiopoietin‐Tie signaling in kidney diseases: an updated review. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2706-2715. [PMID: 31380564 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Fang He
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhen‐Qiong Li
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhao‐Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Chisada S, Sugiyama A. Renal lesions in leptin receptor-deficient medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:297-303. [PMID: 31719758 PMCID: PMC6831499 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the renal lesions of leptin receptor-deficient
medaka showing hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia and to evaluate the usefulness of the
medaka as a model of diabetic nephropathy. Leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 20 and 30
weeks of age showed hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; they also showed a higher level of
plasma creatinine than the control medaka. Histopathologically, dilation of glomerular
capillary lumina and of afferent/efferent arterioles was observed in leptin
receptor-deficient medaka at 20 weeks of age, and then glomerular enlargement with cell
proliferation and matrix expansion, formation of fibrin cap-like lesions, glomerular
atrophy with Bowman’s capsule dilation, and renal tubule dilation were observed at 30
weeks of age. These histopathological characteristics of leptin receptor-deficient medaka
were similar to the characteristics of kidney lesions of human and rodent models of type
II diabetes mellitus, making leptin receptor-deficient medaka a useful model of diabetic
nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Flannick J, Mercader JM, Fuchsberger C, Udler MS, Mahajan A, Wessel J, Teslovich TM, Caulkins L, Koesterer R, Barajas-Olmos F, Blackwell TW, Boerwinkle E, Brody JA, Centeno-Cruz F, Chen L, Chen S, Contreras-Cubas C, Córdova E, Correa A, Cortes M, DeFronzo RA, Dolan L, Drews KL, Elliott A, Floyd JS, Gabriel S, Garay-Sevilla ME, García-Ortiz H, Gross M, Han S, Heard-Costa NL, Jackson AU, Jørgensen ME, Kang HM, Kelsey M, Kim BJ, Koistinen HA, Kuusisto J, Leader JB, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Lyssenko V, Manning AK, Marcketta A, Malacara-Hernandez JM, Martínez-Hernández A, Matsuo K, Mayer-Davis E, Mendoza-Caamal E, Mohlke KL, Morrison AC, Ndungu A, Ng MCY, O'Dushlaine C, Payne AJ, Pihoker C, Post WS, Preuss M, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Rayner NW, Reiner AP, Revilla-Monsalve C, Robertson NR, Santoro N, Schurmann C, So WY, Soberón X, Stringham HM, Strom TM, Tam CHT, Thameem F, Tomlinson B, Torres JM, Tracy RP, van Dam RM, Vujkovic M, Wang S, Welch RP, Witte DR, Wong TY, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Blangero J, Bonnycastle LL, Bowden DW, Chambers JC, Chan E, Cheng CY, Cho YS, Collins FS, de Vries PS, Duggirala R, Glaser B, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez ME, Groop L, Kooner JS, Kwak SH, Laakso M, Lehman DM, Nilsson P, Spector TD, Tai ES, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Wilson JG, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Bottinger E, Burke B, Carey DJ, Chan JCN, Dupuis J, Frossard P, Heckbert SR, Hwang MY, Kim YJ, Kirchner HL, Lee JY, Lee J, Loos RJF, Ma RCW, Morris AD, O'Donnell CJ, Palmer CNA, Pankow J, Park KS, Rasheed A, Saleheen D, Sim X, Small KS, Teo YY, Haiman C, Hanis CL, Henderson BE, Orozco L, Tusié-Luna T, Dewey FE, Baras A, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Strauch K, Lange L, Grarup N, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Zeitler P, Dabelea D, Abecasis G, Bell GI, Cox NJ, Seielstad M, Sladek R, Meigs JB, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Altshuler D, Burtt NP, Scott LJ, Morris AP, Florez JC, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M. Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls. Nature 2019; 570:71-76. [PMID: 31118516 PMCID: PMC6699738 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein-coding genetic variants that strongly affect disease risk can yield relevant clues to disease pathogenesis. Here we report exome-sequencing analyses of 20,791 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24,440 non-diabetic control participants from 5 ancestries. We identify gene-level associations of rare variants (with minor allele frequencies of less than 0.5%) in 4 genes at exome-wide significance, including a series of more than 30 SLC30A8 alleles that conveys protection against T2D, and in 12 gene sets, including those corresponding to T2D drug targets (P = 6.1 × 10-3) and candidate genes from knockout mice (P = 5.2 × 10-3). Within our study, the strongest T2D gene-level signals for rare variants explain at most 25% of the heritability of the strongest common single-variant signals, and the gene-level effect sizes of the rare variants that we observed in established T2D drug targets will require 75,000-185,000 sequenced cases to achieve exome-wide significance. We propose a method to interpret these modest rare-variant associations and to incorporate these associations into future target or gene prioritization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Flannick
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Wessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Diabetes Translational Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Lizz Caulkins
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ling Chen
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Emilio Córdova
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Maria Cortes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Dolan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly L Drews
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Elliott
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Kelsey
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicin, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Marcketta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Karen Matsuo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Ndungu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Colm O'Dushlaine
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anthony J Payne
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- Charles R. Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Neil R Robertson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Charles R. Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Farook Thameem
- Health Science Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason M Torres
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P Welch
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Clicerio Gonzalez
- Unidad de Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal Singh Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicin, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital LaPaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Erwin Bottinger
- Charles R. Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Burke
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | | | - Jong-Young Lee
- Department of Business Data Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles R. Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Insititute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Intramural Administration Management Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - James Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frederick E Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Zeitler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graeme I Bell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rob Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James B Meigs
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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65
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Löwen J, Gröne E, Gröne HJ, Kriz W. Herniation of the tuft with outgrowth of vessels through the glomerular entrance in diabetic nephropathy damages the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F399-F410. [PMID: 31141396 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00617.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As shown in our previous paper (Kriz W, Löwen J, Federico G, van den Born J, Gröne E, Gröne HJ. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 312: F1101-F1111, 2017), mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy (DN) results for a major part from the accumulation of worn-out undegraded glomerular basement membrane material. Here, based on the reevaluation of >900 biopsies of DN, we show that this process continues with the progression of the disease finally leading to the herniation of the matrix-overloaded tuft through the glomerular entrance to the outside. This leads to severe changes in the glomerular surroundings, including a dissociation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with displacement of the macula densa. The herniation is associated with a prominent outgrowth of glomerular vessels from the tuft. Mostly, these aberrant vessels are an abnormal type of arteriole with frequent intramural insudations of plasma. They spread into glomerular surroundings extending in intertubular and periglomerular spaces. Their formation is associated with elevated mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, angiopoietins 1 and 2, and the corresponding receptors. Functionally, these processes seem to compromise tubuloglomerular feedback-related functions and may be one factor why Na+-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are not effective in advanced stages of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Löwen
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Kriz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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66
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Hum JM, O'Bryan LM, Tatiparthi AK, Clinkenbeard EL, Ni P, Cramer MS, Bhaskaran M, Johnson RL, Wilson JM, Smith RC, White KE. Sustained Klotho delivery reduces serum phosphate in a model of diabetic nephropathy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:854-862. [PMID: 30605400 PMCID: PMC6485689 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary cause of end-stage renal disease and is becoming more prevalent because of the global rise in type 2 diabetes. A model of DN, the db/db uninephrectomized ( db/db-uni) mouse, is characterized by obesity, as well as compromised renal function. This model also manifests defects in mineral metabolism common in DN, including hyperphosphatemia, which leads to severe endocrine disease. The FGF23 coreceptor, α-Klotho, circulates as a soluble, cleaved form (cKL) and may directly influence phosphate handling. Our study sought to test the effects of cKL on mineral metabolism in db/db-uni mice. Mice were placed into either mild or moderate disease groups on the basis of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Body weights of db/db-uni mice were significantly greater across the study compared with lean controls regardless of disease severity. Adeno-associated cKL administration was associated with increased serum Klotho, intact, bioactive FGF23 (iFGF23), and COOH-terminal fragments of FGF23 ( P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was improved after cKL administration, and cKL corrected hyperphosphatemia in the high- and low-ACR db/db-uni groups. Interestingly, 2 wk after cKL delivery, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in db/db-uni mice with high ACR ( P < 0.05). Interestingly, several genes associated with stabilizing active iFGF23 were also increased in the osteoblastic UMR-106 cell line with cKL treatment. In summary, delivery of cKL to a model of DN normalized blood phosphate levels regardless of disease severity, supporting the concept that targeting cKL-affected pathways could provide future therapeutic avenues in DN. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, systemic and continuous delivery of the "soluble" or "cleaved" form of the FGF23 coreceptor α-Klotho (cKL) via adeno-associated virus to a rodent model of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the db/db uninephrectomized mouse, normalized blood phosphate levels regardless of disease severity. This work supports the concept that targeting cKL-affected pathways could provide future therapeutic avenues for the severe mineral metabolism defects associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hum
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linda M O'Bryan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arun K Tatiparthi
- Lead Optimization Toxicology and Pharmacology, Covance Incorporated, Greenfield, Indiana
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pu Ni
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Manoj Bhaskaran
- Toxicology and Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert L Johnson
- Toxicology and Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rosamund C Smith
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth E White
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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67
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Carota IA, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Onay T, Scott R, Thomson BR, Souma T, Bartlett CS, Li Y, Procissi D, Ramirez V, Yamaguchi S, Tarjus A, Tanna CE, Li C, Eremina V, Vestweber D, Oladipupo SS, Breyer MD, Quaggin SE. Targeting VE-PTP phosphatase protects the kidney from diabetic injury. J Exp Med 2019; 216:936-949. [PMID: 30886059 PMCID: PMC6446875 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure. VE-PTP phosphatase expression is increased in the endothelium of rodents with diabetes and hypertension. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP reduces kidney injury in diabetic mice, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target. Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Reduced angiopoietin-TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the vasculature leads to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Here, we identified a mechanism to explain how TIE2 signaling is attenuated in diabetic animals. Expression of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase VE-PTP (also known as PTPRB), which dephosphorylates TIE2, is robustly up-regulated in the renal microvasculature of diabetic rodents, thereby reducing TIE2 activity. Increased VE-PTP expression was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity in vivo. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP restored TIE2 activity independent of ligand availability and protected kidney structure and function in a mouse model of severe diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and led to nuclear exclusion of the FOXO1 transcription factor, reducing expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene targets. In sum, we identify inhibition of VE-PTP as a promising therapeutic target to protect the kidney from diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Carota
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rizaldy Scott
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yanyang Li
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shinji Yamaguchi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine E Tanna
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chengjin Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Eremina
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL .,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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68
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Sun W, Gao Y, Ding Y, Cao Y, Chen J, Lv G, Lu J, Yu B, Peng M, Xu H, Sun Y. Catalpol ameliorates advanced glycation end product-induced dysfunction of glomerular endothelial cells via regulating nitric oxide synthesis by inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1268-1283. [PMID: 30861639 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol (Cat.) is an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. In this study, we investigated whether Cat. could protect the mouse glomerular endothelial cells against the deleterious effect induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and explored potential mechanisms. We found that 10 μM Cat. showed a protective effect on dead cells stimulated by AGEs. Cat. significantly decreased the expression of p-NF-κBp65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased the expression of phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS; Ser1177), PI3K, p-Akt (Thr308), and total-Akt. Moreover, Cat. restored the integrity of glomerular endothelial barrier by increasing endothelial tight gap junction protein and ameliorated the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by AGEs via modulating the nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, Cat. attenuated the massive release of NO induced by AGEs, inhibiting the macrophage infiltration by modulating the NO production, accompanied by the decrease in the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vitro. Therefore, Cat. ameliorated AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting the NF-κB/iNOS pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1268-1283, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohong Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
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69
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Hong Q, Zhang L, Fu J, Verghese DA, Chauhan K, Nadkarni GN, Li Z, Ju W, Kretzler M, Cai GY, Chen XM, D'Agati VD, Coca SG, Schlondorff D, He JC, Lee K. LRG1 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression by Enhancing TGF- β-Induced Angiogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:546-562. [PMID: 30858225 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelial dysfunction and neoangiogenesis have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the specific molecular pathways contributing to these processes in the early stages of DKD are not well understood. Our recent transcriptomic profiling of glomerular endothelial cells identified a number of proangiogenic genes that were upregulated in diabetic mice, including leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). LRG1 was previously shown to promote neovascularization in mouse models of ocular disease by potentiating endothelial TGF-β/activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) signaling. However, LRG1's role in the kidney, particularly in the setting of DKD, has been unclear. METHODS We analyzed expression of LRG1 mRNA in glomeruli of diabetic kidneys and assessed its localization by RNA in situ hybridization. We examined the effects of genetic ablation of Lrg1 on DKD progression in unilaterally nephrectomized, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice at 12 and 20 weeks after diabetes induction. We also assessed whether plasma LRG1 was associated with renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS LRG1 localized predominantly to glomerular endothelial cells, and its expression was elevated in the diabetic kidneys. LRG1 ablation markedly attenuated diabetes-induced glomerular angiogenesis, podocyte loss, and the development of diabetic glomerulopathy. These improvements were associated with reduced ALK1-Smad1/5/8 activation in glomeruli of diabetic mice. Moreover, increased plasma LRG1 was associated with worse renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify LRG1 as a potential novel pathogenic mediator of diabetic glomerular neoangiogenesis and a risk factor in DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya A Verghese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; .,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
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70
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Fu J, Akat KM, Sun Z, Zhang W, Schlondorff D, Liu Z, Tuschl T, Lee K, He JC. Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Glomerular Cells Shows Dynamic Changes in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:533-545. [PMID: 30846559 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have offered much insight into cell-specific gene expression profiles in normal kidneys. However, in diseased kidneys, understanding of changes in specific cells, particularly glomerular cells, remains limited. METHODS To elucidate the glomerular cell-specific gene expression changes in diabetic kidney disease, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of isolated glomerular cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice and control eNOS-/- mice. RESULTS We identified five distinct cell populations, including glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, immune cells, and tubular cells. Using scRNA-seq analysis, we confirmed the expression of glomerular cell-specific markers and also identified several new potential markers of glomerular cells. The number of immune cells was significantly higher in diabetic glomeruli compared with control glomeruli, and further cluster analysis showed that these immune cells were predominantly macrophages. Analysis of differential gene expression in endothelial and mesangial cells of diabetic and control mice showed dynamic changes in the pattern of expressed genes, many of which are known to be involved in diabetic kidney disease. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed variable responses of individual cells to diabetic injury. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the ability of scRNA-seq analysis in isolated glomerular cells from diabetic and control mice to reveal dynamic changes in gene expression in diabetic kidneys, with variable responses of individual cells. Such changes, which might not be apparent in bulk transcriptomic analysis of glomerular cells, may help identify important pathophysiologic factors contributing to the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kemal M Akat
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; and
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; and
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; .,Renal Program, James J Peters VA Medical Center at Bronx, New York, New York
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71
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Protease-activated receptor 2 protects against VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular endothelial and podocyte injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2986. [PMID: 30814628 PMCID: PMC6393426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors cause glomerular injury. We have recently shown that activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) by factor Xa exacerbated diabetic kidney disease. However, the role of PAR2 in glomerular injury induced by VEGF blockade is not known. Herein, we investigated the effect of the lack of PAR2 on VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular injury. Although administering an anti-VEGF antibody by itself did not show renal phenotype in wild type mice, its administration to mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) caused glomerular injury. Different from what we expected, administration of an anti-VEGF antibody in mice lacking PAR2 and eNOS exacerbated albuminuria and reduced the expression levels of CD31, pro-angiogenic VEGF, and angiogenesis-related chemokines in their kidneys. Podocyte injury was also evident in this model of mice lacking PAR2. Our results suggest that PAR2 is protective against VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular endothelial and podocyte injury.
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72
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Yang YY, Shi LX, Li JH, Yao LY, Xiang DX. Piperazine ferulate ameliorates the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2245-2253. [PMID: 30664213 PMCID: PMC6390022 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The disorder is associated with a decrease in the activity of the nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide system. Piperazine ferulate (PF) is widely used for the treatment of kidney disease in China. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PF on streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced DN and the underlying mechanism of this process. STZ‑induced diabetic mice were intragastrically administered PF (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/body weight/day) for 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the parameters of 24‑h albuminuria and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and oxidative stress levels were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid‑Schiff staining and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the histopathological alterations. mRNA and protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. PF significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and 24‑h albuminuria, and it alleviated oxidative stress, improved glomerular basement membrane thickness and caused an upregulation in eNOS expression and activity levels in diabetic mice. In addition, high glucose decreased eNOS expression levels, whereas PF caused a reversal in the nitric oxide (NO) levels of glomerular endothelial cells. The present results suggested that PF exhibited renoprotective effects on DN. The mechanism of its action was associated with the regulation of eNOS expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xing Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Jian-He Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Yuan Yao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Natarajan M, Habib SL, Reddick RL, Delma CR, Manickam K, Prihoda TJ, Werner SL, Mohan S. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Ins2Akita mice exacerbates diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:23-32. [PMID: 30424931 PMCID: PMC6344355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that global deficiency of eNOS in diabetic mice exacerbated renal lesions and that overexpression of eNOS may protect against tissue injury. Our study revealed for the first time overexpression of eNOS leads to disease progression rather than protection. Transgenic mice selectively expressing eNOS in endothelial cells (eNOSTg) were cross bred with Ins2Akita type-1 (AK) diabetic mice to generate eNOS overexpressing eNOSTg/AK mice. Wild type, eNOSTg, AK and eNOSTg/AK mice were assessed for kidney function and blood glucose levels. Remarkably, overexpressing eNOSTg mice showed evidence of unpredicted glomerular injury with segmental mesangiolysis and occasional microaneurysms. Notably, in eNOSTg/AK mice overexpression of eNOS led to increased glomerular/endothelial injury that was associated with increased superoxide levels and renal dysfunction. Results indicate for the first time that overexpressing eNOS in endothelial cells cannot ameliorate diabetic lesions, but paradoxically leads to progression of nephropathy likely due to eNOS uncoupling and superoxide upsurge. This novel finding has a significant impact on current therapeutic strategies to improve endothelial function and prevent progression of diabetic renal disease. Further, the eNOSTg/AK model developed in this study has significant translational potentials for elucidating the underlying mechanism implicated in the deflected function of eNOS in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Prihoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry L Werner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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74
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Gregorini M, Sepe V, Pattonieri FE, Allesina A, Rampino T. Early onset of graft glomerulopathy in a patient with post-transplant diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:348. [PMID: 30526503 PMCID: PMC6286527 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an emerging problem in kidney transplantation, representing an important risk factor for kidney function loss. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) occurrence in transplanted kidneys is poorly investigated. Current knowledge describes DN recurrence in graft 5.9 years from kidney transplantation however there is little data about PTDM and DN. Here, we report a clinical case peculiar for an early appearance of advanced glomerular diabetic lesions, after kidney transplantation. Case presentation A 45-year-old Caucasian male affected by autosomal polycystic kidney disease was transplanted with a cadaveric-kidney-donor from 58-year-old male. Induction immunosuppressive therapy included basiliximab and steroids while the maintenance treatment included, tacrolimus, mofetil micophenolate and methylprednisolone. One month after transplantation the patient developed diabetes requiring treatment with repaglinide quickly replaced with insulin to obtain an acceptable glycemic control (HbA1c 52 mmol/mol). Glycosuria was detected persistently during the first six months after transplantation. To achieve further improvement in glycemic control, a shift from tacrolimus to cyclosporine (CyA) was made and steroids were rapidly tapered and stopped. To minimize calcineurin inhibitors toxicity, which was revealed in the 1-year-protocol-biopsy, everolimus was introduced thereby lowering CyA through levels. Moderate hypertension was well controlled with doxazosin. Thirty months after transplantation a second graft biopsy was performed owing to renal function decline and microalbuminuria appearance. Histological analysis surprisingly showed mesangiolysis and microaneurysms; glomerular sclero-hyalinosis and basal membrane thickness and typical nodular glomerulosclerosis. C4d staining was negative and no evidence of immune deposits were detected. Donor Specific Antibodies, serum C3 and C4 levels and autoimmunity tests were negative. Retrospective analysis on donor history didn’t show diabetes or insulin resistance and no diabetic lesions were found in kidney pre-implant biopsy. Conclusions In our knowledge, this is the first report describing a very early onset of advanced diabetic glomerular lesions in a graft biopsy after PTDM. We hypothesize that additional factors such as everolimus and hypertension, may have contribute to kidney damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-1141-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Aselli 43/45, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Sepe
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Eleonora Pattonieri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,PhD in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Allesina
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, P.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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75
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Nobuta H, Katagi M, Kume S, Terashima T, Araki SI, Maegawa H, Kojima H, Nakagawa T. A role for bone marrow-derived cells in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2018; 33:4067-4076. [PMID: 30496699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801825r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes systemic disorders. We previously demonstrated that diabetic condition forced bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to express TNF-α, leading to the development of diabetic neuropathy in mice. Here, we hypothesized that these abnormal BMDCs are also involved in diabetic nephropathy. To test our hypothesis, mice were irradiated to receive total bone marrow (BM) from the transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein before diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Confocal microscopy showed that the diabetic glomerulus had more BMDCs compared with the nondiabetic glomerulus. Most of these cells exhibited endothelial phenotypes, being negative for several markers, including podocin (a maker of podocyte), α8 integrin (mesangial cell), CD68, and F4/80 (macrophage). Next, the total BM of diabetic mice was transplanted into nondiabetic mice to examine if diabetic BM per se could cause glomerular injury. The recipient mice exhibiting normal glycemia developed albuminuria and mesangial expansion with an increase in capillary area. The number of BMDCs increased in the glomerulus of the recipient mice. These cells were found to exhibit the endothelial phenotype and to express TNF-α. These data suggest that diabetic BMDCs per se could initiate glomerular disease. Finally, eNOS knockout mice were used to examine if residential endothelial injury could attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. However, endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS deficiency failed to attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. In summary, BMDCs may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy.-Nobuta, H., Katagi, M., Kume, S., Terashima, T., Araki, S., Maegawa, H., Kojima, H., Nakagawa, T. A role for bone marrow-derived cells in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nobuta
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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76
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Brey CW, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Ling J, Sheagley J, Shaikh B, Al-Mohanna F, Wang Y, Gaugler R, Hashmi S. Salts and energy balance: A special role for dietary salts in metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1971-1985. [PMID: 30446179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary salts sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) are important in metabolic diseases. Yet, we do not have sufficient understanding on the salts global molecular network in these diseases. In this systematic review we have pooled information to identify the general effect of salts on obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. AIMS To assess the roles of salts in metabolic disorders by focusing on their individual effect and the network effect among these salts. METHODS We searched articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar. We selected original laboratory research, systematic reviews, clinical trials, observational studies and epidemiological data that focused on dietary salts and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review in designing the present systematic review. RESULTS From the initial search of 2898 studies we selected a total of 199 articles that met our inclusion criteria and data extraction. Alterations in metabolic pathways associated with the sensitivity of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium may lead to obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. We found that the results of most laboratory research, animal studies and clinical trials are coherent but some research outcome are either inconsistent or inconclusive. CONCLUSION Important of salts in metabolic disorder is evident. In order to assess the effects of dietary salts in metablic diseases, environmental factors, dietary habits, physical activity, and the microbiome, should be considered in any study. Although interest in this area of research continues to grow, the challenge is to integrate the action of these salts in metabolic syndrom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jun Ling
- Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA
| | - Jordan Sheagley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA
| | - Bilal Shaikh
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Randy Gaugler
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Sarwar Hashmi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, & Health, Rutgers University, USA.
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77
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Zhang Y, Ma KL, Gong YX, Wang GH, Hu ZB, Liu L, Lu J, Chen PP, Lu CC, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Platelet Microparticles Mediate Glomerular Endothelial Injury in Early Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2671-2695. [PMID: 30341150 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelium dysfunction, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy, might be caused by circulating metabolic abnormalities. Platelet microparticles, extracellular vesicles released from activated platelets, have recently emerged as a novel regulator of vascular dysfunction. METHODS We studied the effects of platelet microparticles on glomerular endothelial injury in early diabetic nephropathy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and primary rat glomerular endothelial cells. Isolated platelet microparticles were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma platelet microparticles were significantly increased in diabetic rats, an effect inhibited in aspirin-treated animals. In cultured glomerular endothelial cells, platelet microparticles induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide levels, inhibited activities of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and SOD, increased permeability of the glomerular endothelium barrier, and reduced thickness of the endothelial surface layer. Conversely, inhibition of platelet microparticles in vivo by aspirin improved glomerular endothelial injury. Further analysis showed that platelet microparticles activated the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in glomerular endothelial cells; inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway by rapamycin or raptor siRNA significantly protected against microparticle-induced glomerular endothelial injury in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, platelet microparticle-derived chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) contributed to glomerular endothelial injury, and antagonizing CXCL7 using CXCL7-neutralizing antibody or blocking CXCL7 receptors with a competitive inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 dramatically attenuated such injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a pathogenic role of platelet microparticles in glomerular endothelium dysfunction, and suggest a potential therapeutic target, CXCL7, for treatment of early diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yu Xiang Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Ze Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Liang Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Xiong Zhong Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; and
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78
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Wang Y, An W, Zhang F, Niu M, Liu Y, Shi R. Nebivolol ameliorated kidney damage in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by regulation of oxidative stress/NO pathway: Comparison with captopril. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1135-1148. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Wenjing An
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Mengzhen Niu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
| | - Ruizan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi Province China
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79
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Fu J, Wei C, Zhang W, Schlondorff D, Wu J, Cai M, He W, Baron MH, Chuang PY, Liu Z, He JC, Lee K. Gene expression profiles of glomerular endothelial cells support their role in the glomerulopathy of diabetic mice. Kidney Int 2018; 94:326-345. [PMID: 29861058 PMCID: PMC6054896 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction promotes the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is considered to be an early event in disease progression. However, the molecular changes associated with glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) injury in early DN are not well defined. Most gene expression studies have relied on the indirect assessment of GEC injury from isolated glomeruli or renal cortices. Here, we present transcriptomic analysis of isolated GECs, using streptozotocin-induced diabetic wildtype (STZ-WT) and diabetic eNOS-null (STZ-eNOS-/-) mice as models of mild and advanced DN, respectively. GECs of both models in comparison to their respective nondiabetic controls showed significant alterations in the regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proliferation. The extent of these changes was greater in STZ-eNOS-/- than in STZ-WT GECs. Additionally, genes in STZ-eNOS-/- GECs indicated further dysregulation in angiogenesis and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, a biphasic change in the number of GECs, characterized by an initial increase and subsequent decrease over time, was observed only in STZ-eNOS-/- mice. This is consistent with an early compensatory angiogenic process followed by increased apoptosis, leading to an overall decrease in GEC survival in DN progression. From the genes altered in angiogenesis in STZ-eNOS-/- GECs, we identified potential candidate genes, Lrg1 and Gpr56, whose function may augment diabetes-induced angiogenesis. Thus, our results support a role for GEC in DN by providing direct evidence for alterations of GEC gene expression and molecular pathways. Candidate genes of specific pathways, such as Lrg1 and Gpr56, can be further explored for potential therapeutic targeting to mitigate the initiation and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinshan Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Minchao Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wu He
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret H Baron
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Y Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Program, James J. Peters VA Medical Center at Bronx, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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80
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Nogueira GB, Punaro GR, Oliveira CS, Maciel FR, Fernandes TO, Lima DY, Rodrigues AM, Mouro MG, Araujo SRR, Higa EMS. N-acetylcysteine protects against diabetic nephropathy through control of oxidative and nitrosative stress by recovery of nitric oxide in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:22-31. [PMID: 29778909 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diabetes mellitus (DM) induces several changes, with substantial increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS cause damage to systemic and renal microvasculature, which could be one of the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ROS modulate other substances like the nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator with important role in the renal function. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that acts replenishing intracellular cysteine levels, which is essential for glutathione formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early or late NAC treatment on oxidative/nitrosative stress in DN progression. All rats were submitted to unilateral nephrectomy and diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. The animals were allocated into six groups: controls that received water (CTL) or NAC (CTL + NAC); diabetic groups that received early or late, water (DM-E; DM-L) or NAC (DM + NAC-E; DM + NAC-L), started on 5th day (early) or 4th week (late) after diabetes induction, during 8 weeks. After NAC treatment, the rats were placed in individual metabolic cages to obtain urine and blood samples for analysis of metabolic profile, renal function, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and NO. At the end of the protocol, the renal cortex was removed for TBARS, NOS evaluation, antioxidants markers and histology. The DM-E group compared to CTL showed a significant increase in glycemia and proteinuria and impaired renal function; there was a significant increase of TBARS in plasma, urine and renal tissue, and also a significant decrease in plasma NO, which were reverted after early NAC treatment. The eNOS was decreased and iNOS was increased in DM-E vs. CTL, p < 0.05. The early NAC treatment in DM rats reduced proteinuria, creatinine, urea, TBARS and iNOS and, increased creatinine clearance, NO and eNOS, increasing significantly the antioxidant defenses, promoting elevated catalase and glutathione compared to DM-E group, all p < 0.05. The late NAC treatment in diabetic rats vs.DM-E showed reduced proteinuria and TBARS excretion and higher values of creatinine clearance and NO, all statistically significant. Histological analysis of the animals in DM-E or DM-L showed significant tubular changes with degeneration and vacuolization in tubular cells, dilated tubular lumen, intense glycosidic degeneration, and discreet mesangial expansion with interstitial fibrosis area. The DM + NAC-E group showed moderate glycosidic degeneration, however, did not present tubular degeneration or fibrosis. The DM + NAC-L group showed severe glycosidic degeneration, moderate tubular cell degeneration, light and focal dilatation of the tubules, with no fibrosis. Our study showed that NAC protected the diabetic rats against renal injury, probably due to the control of oxidative stress via recovery of the NO bioavailability, showing that early NAC was more effective than late treatment. All these data suggest that NAC may be useful in the adjuvant treatment in a safe way, in the early phase of the disease. Eventually, prolonged treatment, even if it is started later, could change the natural history of the disease, delaying the complications of diabetes in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme B Nogueira
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Punaro
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clemerson S Oliveira
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiane R Maciel
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires O Fernandes
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deyse Y Lima
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelson M Rodrigues
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret G Mouro
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Emergency Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa M S Higa
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Emergency Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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81
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Pathophysiological Links Between Diabetes and Blood Pressure. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:585-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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82
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Martens RJ, Houben AJ, Kooman JP, Berendschot TT, Dagnelie PC, van der Kallen CJ, Kroon AA, Leunissen KM, van der Sande FM, Schaper NC, Schouten JS, Schram MT, Sep SJ, Sörensen BM, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with albuminuria. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1178-1187. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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83
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Choi SY, Lim SW, Salimi S, Yoo EJ, Lee-Kwon W, Lee HH, Lee JH, Mitchell BD, Sanada S, Parsa A, Kwon HM. Tonicity-Responsive Enhancer-Binding Protein Mediates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Vascular and Renal Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:492-504. [PMID: 29158465 PMCID: PMC5791077 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017070718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the single leading cause of ESRD in developed nations. Bearing in mind the paucity of effective treatment for DN and progressive CKD, novel targets for treatment are sorely needed. We previously reported that increased activity of tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) in monocytes was associated with early DN in humans. We now extend these findings by testing the hypotheses that TonEBP in macrophages promotes hyperglycemia-mediated proinflammatory activation and chronic renal inflammation leading to DN and CKD, and TonEBP genetic variability in humans is associated with inflammatory, renal, and vascular function-related phenotypes. In a mouse model of DN, compared with the wild-type phenotype, TonEBP haplodeficiency associated with reduced activation of macrophages by hyperglycemia, fewer macrophages in the kidney, lower renal expression of proinflammatory genes, and attenuated DN. Furthermore, in a cohort of healthy humans, genetic variants within TonEBP associated with renal function, BP, and systemic inflammation. One of the genetic variants associated with renal function was replicated in a large population-based cohort. These findings suggest that TonEBP is a promising target for minimizing diabetes- and stress-induced inflammation and renovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center and
| | - Satoru Sanada
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea;
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84
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Prabodha LBL, Sirisena ND, Dissanayake VHW. Susceptible and Prognostic Genetic Factors Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:8641942. [PMID: 29736170 PMCID: PMC5875044 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8641942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a disorder of glucose metabolism. It is a complex process involving the regulation of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, and glucose uptake at the cellular level. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the debilitating complications that is present in approximately 50% of diabetic patients. It is the primary cause of diabetes-related hospital admissions and nontraumatic foot amputations. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is a complex process that involves hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and altered polyol metabolism that changes the nerve microvasculature, altered growth factor support, and deregulated lipid metabolism. Recent literature has reported that there are several heterogeneous groups of susceptible genetic loci which clearly contribute to the development of DPN. Several studies have reported that some patients with prediabetes develop neuropathic complications, whereas others demonstrated little evidence of neuropathy even after long-standing diabetes. There is emerging evidence that genetic factors may contribute to the development of DPN. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of the susceptible and prognostic genetic factors associated with DPN. An extensive survey of the scientific literature published in PubMed using the search terms "Diabetic peripheral neuropathy/genetics" and "genome-wide association study" was carried out, and the most recent and relevant literature were included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. L. Prabodha
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - N. D. Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - V. H. W. Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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85
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Cannito S, Novo E, Parola M. Therapeutic pro-fibrogenic signaling pathways in fibroblasts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:57-84. [PMID: 28578015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts (MFs) play a critical role in the progression of chronic inflammatory and fibroproliferative diseases in different tissues/organs, whatever the etiology. Fibrosis is preceded and sustained by persistent injury and inflammatory response in a profibrogenic scenario involving mutual interactions, operated by several mediators and pathways, of MFs and related precursor cells with innate immunity cells and virtually any cell type in a defined tissue. These interactions, mediators and related signaling pathways are critical in initiating and perpetuating the differentiation of precursor cells into MFs that in different tissues share peculiar traits and phenotypic responses, including the ability to proliferate, produce ECM components, migrate and contribute to the modulation of inflammatory response and tissue angiogenesis. Literature studies related to liver, lung and kidney fibrosis have outlined a number of MF-related core regulatory fibrogenic signaling pathways conserved across these different organs and potentially targetable in order to develop effective antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
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86
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the developed world. Accordingly, an urgent need exists for new, curative treatments as well as for biomarkers to stratify risk of DN among individuals with diabetes mellitus. A barrier to progress in these areas has been a lack of animal models that faithfully replicate the main features of human DN. Such models could be used to define the pathogenesis, identify drug targets and test new therapies. Owing to their tractability for genetic manipulation, mice are widely used to model human diseases, including DN. Questions have been raised, however, about the general utility of mouse models in human drug discovery. Standard mouse models of diabetes typically manifest only modest kidney abnormalities, whereas accelerated models, induced by superimposing genetic stressors, recapitulate key features of human DN. Incorporation of systems biology approaches and emerging data from genomics and metabolomics studies should enable further model refinement. Here, we discuss the current status of mouse models for DN, their limitations and opportunities for improvement. We emphasize that future efforts should focus on generating robust models that reproduce the major clinical and molecular phenotypes of human DN.
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87
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Karanovic D, Grujic-Milanovic J, Miloradovic Z, Ivanov M, Jovovic D, Vajic UJ, Cirovic S, Markovic-Lipkovski J, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N. Effects of Losartan, Tempol, and Their Combination On Renal Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NO deficiency in the kidneys have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study we examined the effects of losartan, tempol, and combined treatment on three NOS isoforms expressions, kidney NO content and NOS correlation with renal function and structure in the early stage of adriamycin (ADR)-induced CKD in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were divided into control group, and four other groups which were treated with ADR and received vehicle, losartan (L, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker), tempol (T, redox-cycling nitroxide) or T+L treatment (by gavage) in a six-week study. Reduction of all NOS isoforms expressions were significantly improved by losartan or tempol, and correlated with proteinuria amelioration. Combined treatment induced down-regulation of constitutive NOS isoforms, whilst inducible NOS was up-regulated and followed by increased nitrite content and a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Losartan or tempol prevented ADR-induced neoexpression of vimentin in the glomeruli and tubulointerstital areas, whereas de novo vimentin expression was still observed in the atrophic tubules and in the interstitial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in combined treatment. It can be concluded that single treatments, contrary to combined, were effective in improving NO bioavailability and slowing down the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Karanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Miloradovic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milan Ivanov
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Djurdjica Jovovic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Una-Jovana Vajic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Sanja Cirovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
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88
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract - the largest endocrine network in human physiology - orchestrates signals from the external environment to maintain neural and hormonal control of homeostasis. Advances in understanding entero-endocrine cell biology in health and disease have important translational relevance. The gut-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted upon meal ingestion and controls glucose metabolism by modulating pancreatic islet cell function, food intake and gastrointestinal motility, amongst other effects. The observation that the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to the development of incretin-based therapies - GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in these patients. Considerable interest exists in identifying effects of these drugs beyond glucose-lowering, possibly resulting in improved macrovascular and microvascular outcomes, including in diabetic kidney disease. As GLP-1 has been implicated as a mediator in the putative gut-renal axis (a rapid-acting feed-forward loop that regulates postprandial fluid and electrolyte homeostasis), direct actions on the kidney have been proposed. Here, we review the role of GLP-1 and the actions of associated therapies on glucose metabolism, the gut-renal axis, classical renal risk factors, and renal end points in randomized controlled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.
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89
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Antiangiogenic Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5724069. [PMID: 28835895 PMCID: PMC5556994 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5724069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for early stages of diabetic nephropathy in a number of animal experiments. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main mediator for abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic glomeruli. Although beneficial effects of anti-VEGF antibodies have previously been demonstrated in diabetic animal experiments, recent basic and clinical evidence has revealed that the blockade of VEGF signaling resulted in proteinuria and renal thrombotic microangiopathy, suggesting the importance of maintaining normal levels of VEGF in the kidneys. Therefore, antiangiogenic therapy for diabetic nephropathy should eliminate excessive glomerular angiogenic response without accelerating endothelial injury. Some endogenous antiangiogenic factors such as endostatin and tumstatin inhibit overactivation of endothelial cells but do not specifically block VEGF signaling. In addition, the novel endothelium-derived antiangiogenic factor vasohibin-1 enhances stress tolerance and survival of the endothelial cells, while inhibiting excess angiogenesis. These factors have been demonstrated to suppress albuminuria and glomerular alterations in a diabetic mouse model. Thus, antiangiogenic therapy with promising candidates will possibly improve renal prognosis in patients with early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
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90
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Zhang MZ, Wang X, Yang H, Fogo AB, Murphy BJ, Kaltenbach R, Cheng P, Zinker B, Harris RC. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonism Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in a Type 2 Diabetic Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3300-3311. [PMID: 28739650 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) functions through activation of LPA receptors (LPARs). LPA-LPAR signaling has been implicated in development of fibrosis. However, the role of LPA-LPAR signaling in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been studied. We examined whether BMS002, a novel dual LPAR1 and LPAR3 antagonist, affects development of DN in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-knockout db/db mice. Treatment of these mice with BMS002 from 8 to 20 weeks of age led to a significant reduction in albuminuria, similar to that observed with renin-angiotensin system inhibition (losartan plus enalapril). LPAR inhibition also prevented the decline in GFR observed in vehicle-treated mice, such that GFR at week 20 differed significantly between vehicle and LPAR inhibitor groups (P<0.05). LPAR inhibition also reduced histologic glomerular injury; decreased the expression of profibrotic and fibrotic components, including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I, and TGF-β; and reduced renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress. Notably, LPAR inhibition slowed podocyte loss (podocytes per glomerulus ±SEM at 8 weeks: 667±40, n=4; at 20 weeks: 364±18 with vehicle, n=7, and 536±12 with LPAR inhibition, n=7; P<0.001 versus vehicle). Finally, LPAR inhibition minimized the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in podocytes and increased the phosphorylation of AKT2, an indicator of AKT2 activity, in kidneys. Thus, the LPAR antagonist BMS002 protects against GFR decline and attenuates development of DN through multiple mechanisms. LPAR antagonism might provide complementary beneficial effects to renin-angiotensin system inhibition to slow progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, .,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and.,Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian J Murphy
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Robert Kaltenbach
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Peter Cheng
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Bradley Zinker
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, .,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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91
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Wu W, Yang JJ, Yang HM, Huang MM, Fang QJ, Shi G, Mao ZM, Han WB, Shen SM, Wan YG. Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. attenuates glomerulosclerosis in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy by exerting anti-microinflammatory effects without affecting hyperglycemia. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:721-730. [PMID: 28731135 PMCID: PMC5548017 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW) has been proven to be clinically effective in relieving microinflammation in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo remain unclear. In the process of early DN, microinflammation and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and canonical nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways are the important mechanisms by which hyperglycemia contributes to glomerulosclerosis (GS). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the ameliorative effects of GTW on GS, and then to clarify its anti-microinflammatory mechanisms by inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling activities in the kidney. All rats were divided into 4 groups: the sham group, the sham + GTW group, the vehicle group and the GTW group. The suitable dose of GTW and vehicle were daily administered for 8 weeks after the induction of DN by unilateral nephrectomy combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). The general status of the rats, biochemical parameters, renal histological changes and macrophages in glomeruli, as well as expression of the key proteins in the p38 MAPK and canonical NF-κB signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the kidney were examined, respectively. The results revealed that, GTW improved the general cond ition and biochemical parameters of the rats, but did not lower blood glucose; GTW attenuated GS and suppressed glomerular microinflammation including the infiltration of ED1+ cells in glomeruli and the protein overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the kidney; GTW inhibited the protein overexpression of key signaling molecules of p38 MAPK and canonical NF-κB pathways in the kidney including phosphorylated p38 MAPK, phosphorylated inhibitor protein IκB and NF-κB (p65). On the whole, we expounded that GTW, as a natural regulator in vivo, alleviates GS without affecting hyperglycemia, by exerting anti-microinflammatory effects, including reducing macrophage infiltration in glomeruli, suppressing TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 overexpression in the kidney and inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Mao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bei Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Mei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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92
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Marquardt A, Al-Dabet MM, Ghosh S, Kohli S, Manoharan J, ElWakiel A, Gadi I, Bock F, Nazir S, Wang H, Lindquist JA, Nawroth PP, Madhusudhan T, Mertens PR, Shahzad K, Isermann B. Farnesoid X Receptor Agonism Protects against Diabetic Tubulopathy: Potential Add-On Therapy for Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3182-3189. [PMID: 28696246 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Established therapies for diabetic nephropathy (dNP) delay but do not prevent its progression. The shortage of established therapies may reflect the inability to target the tubular compartment. The chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) ameliorates maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling and experimental dNP. Additionally, TUDCA activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which is highly expressed in tubular cells. We hypothesized that TUDCA ameliorates maladaptive ER signaling via FXR agonism specifically in tubular cells. Indeed, TUDCA induced expression of FXR-dependent genes (SOCS3 and DDAH1) in tubular cells but not in other renal cells. In vivo, TUDCA reduced glomerular and tubular injury in db/db and diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. FXR inhibition with Z-guggulsterone or vivo-morpholino targeting of FXR diminished the ER-stabilizing and renoprotective effects of TUDCA. Notably, these in vivo approaches abolished tubular but not glomerular protection by TUDCA. Combined intervention with TUDCA and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in 16-week-old db/db mice reduced albuminuria more efficiently than did either treatment alone. Although both therapies reduced glomerular damage, only TUDCA ameliorated tubular damage. Thus, interventions that specifically protect the tubular compartment in dNP, such as FXR agonism, may provide renoprotective effects on top of those achieved by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Marquardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sanchita Ghosh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayakumar Manoharan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed ElWakiel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Bock
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, German Diabetes Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khurrum Shahzad
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany,Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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93
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Qi W, Keenan HA, Li Q, Ishikado A, Kannt A, Sadowski T, Yorek MA, Wu IH, Lockhart S, Coppey LJ, Pfenninger A, Liew CW, Qiang G, Burkart AM, Hastings S, Pober D, Cahill C, Niewczas MA, Israelsen WJ, Tinsley L, Stillman IE, Amenta PS, Feener EP, Vander Heiden MG, Stanton RC, King GL. Pyruvate kinase M2 activation may protect against the progression of diabetic glomerular pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Med 2017; 23:753-762. [PMID: 28436957 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, and therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited. To identify novel therapeutic strategies, we studied protective factors for DN using proteomics on glomeruli from individuals with extreme duration of diabetes (ł50 years) without DN and those with histologic signs of DN. Enzymes in the glycolytic, sorbitol, methylglyoxal and mitochondrial pathways were elevated in individuals without DN. In particular, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression and activity were upregulated. Mechanistically, we showed that hyperglycemia and diabetes decreased PKM2 tetramer formation and activity by sulfenylation in mouse glomeruli and cultured podocytes. Pkm-knockdown immortalized mouse podocytes had higher levels of toxic glucose metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Podocyte-specific Pkm2-knockout (KO) mice with diabetes developed worse albuminuria and glomerular pathology. Conversely, we found that pharmacological activation of PKM2 by a small-molecule PKM2 activator, TEPP-46, reversed hyperglycemia-induced elevation in toxic glucose metabolites and mitochondrial dysfunction, partially by increasing glycolytic flux and PGC-1α mRNA in cultured podocytes. In intervention studies using DBA2/J and Nos3 (eNos) KO mouse models of diabetes, TEPP-46 treatment reversed metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney pathology. Thus, PKM2 activation may protect against DN by increasing glucose metabolic flux, inhibiting the production of toxic glucose metabolites and inducing mitochondrial biogenesis to restore mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weier Qi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Mark A Yorek
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, China
| | - Alison M Burkart
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Hastings
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Pober
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Cahill
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monika A Niewczas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Israelsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liane Tinsley
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter S Amenta
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward P Feener
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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94
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Lin SH, Chen IJ, Chuang CT, Ho WT, Chuang LY, Guh JY. KMUP-1 attenuates high glucose and transforming growth factor-β1-induced pro-fibrotic proteins in mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4199-4206. [PMID: 28440482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that KMUP-1, a xanthine-based nitric oxide enhancer, attenuates diabetic glomerulosclerosis, while increasing renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in rats. However, the anti‑fibrotic mechanisms of KMUP‑1 treatment in diabetic nephropathy in terms of cell biology and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF‑β1) remain unclear. Therefore, the present study involved investigating the effects of KMUP‑1 on high glucose (HG) or TGF‑β1‑induced pro‑fibrotic proteins in mouse mesangial (MES13) cells, and the effects of KMUP‑1 on streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats. It was identified that KMUP‑1 (10 µM) attenuated HG (30 mM)‑induced cell hypertrophy while attenuating TGF‑β1 gene transcription and bioactivity in MES13 cells. In addition, KMUP‑1 attenuated TGF‑β1 (5 ng/ml)‑induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation while attenuating HG or TGF‑β1‑induced collagen IV and fibronectin protein expression. Furthermore, KMUP‑1 attenuated HG‑decreased Suv39h1 and H3K9me3 levels. Finally, KMUP‑1 attenuated diabetes-induced collagen IV and fibronectin protein expression in STZ‑diabetic rats at 8 weeks. In conclusion, KMUP‑1 attenuates HG and TGF‑β1‑induced pro‑fibrotic proteins in mesangial cells and attenuation of TGF‑β1‑induced signaling and attenuation of HG‑decreased Suv39h1 expression may be two of the anti-fibrotic mechanisms of KMUP‑1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Tang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Ting Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
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95
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Hum JM, O'Bryan LM, Tatiparthi AK, Cass TA, Clinkenbeard EL, Cramer MS, Bhaskaran M, Johnson RL, Wilson JM, Smith RC, White KE. Chronic Hyperphosphatemia and Vascular Calcification Are Reduced by Stable Delivery of Soluble Klotho. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1162-1174. [PMID: 27837149 PMCID: PMC5373441 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
αKlotho (αKL) regulates mineral metabolism, and diseases associated with αKL deficiency are characterized by hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification (VC). αKL is expressed as a membrane-bound protein (mKL) and recognized as the coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and a circulating soluble form (cKL) created by endoproteolytic cleavage of mKL. The functions of cKL with regard to phosphate metabolism are unclear. We tested the ability of cKL to regulate pathways and phenotypes associated with hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder and αKL-null mice. Stable delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing cKL to diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice or αKL-null mice reduced serum phosphate levels. Acute injection of recombinant cKL downregulated the renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter Npt2a in αKL-null mice supporting direct actions of cKL in the absence of mKL. αKL-null mice with sustained AAV-cKL expression had a 74%-78% reduction in aorta mineral content and a 72%-77% reduction in mineral volume compared with control-treated counterparts (P<0.01). Treatment of UMR-106 osteoblastic cells with cKL + FGF23 increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and induced Fgf23 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) or pretreatment with inhibitors of mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1 or FGFR ablated these responses. In summary, sustained cKL treatment reduced hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder, and it reduced hyperphosphatemia and prevented VC in mice without endogenous αKL. Furthermore, cKL stimulated Fgf23 in an FGFR1-dependent manner in bone cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that cKL has mKL-independent activity and suggest the potential for enhancing cKL activity in diseases of hyperphosphatemia with associated VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hum
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linda M O'Bryan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | - Arun K Tatiparthi
- Lead Optimization Toxicology and Pharmacology, Covance Inc., Greenfield, Indiana
| | - Taryn A Cass
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | | | - Kenneth E White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
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96
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Elkerton JS, Xu Y, Pickering JG, Ward AD. Differentiation of arterioles from venules in mouse histology images using machine learning. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:021104. [PMID: 28331891 PMCID: PMC5330885 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.2.021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis and morphological comparison of the arteriolar and venular components of a microvascular network are essential to our understanding of multiple diseases affecting every organ system. We have developed and evaluated the first fully automatic software system for differentiation of arterioles from venules on high-resolution digital histology images of the mouse hind limb immunostained with smooth muscle [Formula: see text]-actin. Classifiers trained on statistical and morphological features by supervised machine learning provided useful classification accuracy for differentiation of arterioles from venules, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89. Feature selection was consistent across cross validation iterations, and a small set of two features was required to achieve the reported performance, suggesting the generalizability of the system. This system eliminates the need for laborious manual classification of the hundreds of microvessels occurring in a typical sample and paves the way for high-throughput analysis of the arteriolar and venular networks in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sachi Elkerton
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Baines Imaging Research Laboratory, London Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Baines Imaging Research Laboratory, London Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6A 5W9, Canada
- Western University, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - J. Geoffrey Pickering
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western University, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Ward
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Baines Imaging Research Laboratory, London Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6A 5W9, Canada
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97
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Huang H, Jiang Y, Mao G, Yuan F, Zheng H, Ruan Y, Wu T. Protective effects of allicin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1359-1366. [PMID: 27363537 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animal models have shown that allicin, a major biologically active component of garlic, can play a role in the prevention of tissue fibrosis in the liver, lung and heart, mainly related to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenic cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of allicin on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered allicin (15, 30 and 45 mg · kg-1 · day-1 ) via daily intra-gastric gavage for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), lipid and 24 h urine albumin excretion (UAE) were measured at the end of weeks 4, 8 and 12. The renal histopathology and the expression levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were measured using immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting. RESULTS In 12 week STZ-induced diabetic rats, severe hyperglycemia and albuminuria were markedly developed. Treatment with allicin for 12 weeks ameliorated diabetes-induced morphological alterations of the kidney and decreased FBG, BUN, sCr, triglyceride (TG) and 24 h UAE in diabetic rats. The expression levels of collagen I, TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly decreased by allicin treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that allicin may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy via the TGF-β1/ERK pathway in diabetic rats. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hexin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Tianfeng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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98
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Martens RJH, Kimenai DM, Kooman JP, Stehouwer CDA, Tan FES, Bekers O, Dagnelie PC, van der Kallen CJH, Kroon AA, Leunissen KML, van der Sande FM, Schaper NC, Sep SJS, Schram MT, van Suijlen JD, van Dieijen-Visser MP, Meex SJR, Henry RMA. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria Are Associated with Biomarkers of Cardiac Injury in a Population-Based Cohort Study: The Maastricht Study. Clin Chem 2017; 63:887-897. [PMID: 28213568 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.266031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk. It is, however, less clear at what point in the course from normal kidney function to CKD the association with cardiovascular disease appears. Studying the associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with biomarkers of (subclinical) cardiac injury in a population without substantial CKD may clarify this issue. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional associations of eGFR and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) T, hs-cTnI, and N-terminal probrain natriuretic-peptide (NT-proBNP) in 3103 individuals from a population-based diabetes-enriched cohort study. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, eGFR and UAE were associated with these biomarkers of cardiac injury, even at levels that do not fulfill the CKD criteria. For example, eGFR 60-<90 mL · min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1 [vs ≥90 mL · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1] was associated with a [ratio (95% CI)] 1.21 (1.17-1.26), 1.14 (1.07-1.20), and 1.19 (1.12-1.27) times higher hs-cTnT, hs-cTnI, and NT-proBNP, respectively. The association of eGFR with hs-cTnT was statistically significantly stronger than that with hs-cTnI. In addition, UAE 15-<30 mg/24 h (vs <15 mg/24 h) was associated with a 1.04 (0.98-1.10), 1.08 (1.00-1.18), and 1.07 (0.96-1.18) times higher hs-cTnT, hs-cTnI, and NT-proBNP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS eGFR and albuminuria were already associated with biomarkers of (subclinical) cardiac injury at levels that do not fulfill the CKD criteria. Although reduced renal elimination may partly underlie the associations of eGFR, these findings support the concept that eGFR and albuminuria are, over their entire range, associated with cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy J H Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien M Kimenai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans E S Tan
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham A Kroon
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karel M L Leunissen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank M van der Sande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J S Sep
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D van Suijlen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Apeldoorn/Zutphen, the Netherlands
| | - Marja P van Dieijen-Visser
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven J R Meex
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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99
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Majumder S, Advani A. VEGF and the diabetic kidney: More than too much of a good thing. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:273-279. [PMID: 27836681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade and a half has passed since the publication of early reports hinting at a pathogenetic role for vascular endothelial growth factor ("VEGF") in the development of diabetic kidney disease. In diabetic rats, renal mRNA levels of the VEGF-A isoform were upregulated and administration of a VEGF-A neutralizing antibody attenuated albuminuria: VEGF was "bad" in diabetic nephropathy. Since that time, our understanding of the complexity of the renal VEGF system has advanced. Unlike its experimental counterpart, human diabetic nephropathy is associated with diminished VEGF-A levels and experience in the oncological setting has taught us that VEGF blocking therapy can cause adverse renal effects in patients. Correspondingly, investigational studies in cultured cells and rodent models have demonstrated that the biological effects of the VEGF system are dependent not only on the amount of VEGF, but also the type of VEGF, its sites of action and the prevailing milieu. Here we reflect back on the discoveries that have been made since those initial reports that shone the spotlight on the importance of the VEGF system in the diabetic kidney and we consider that the role of VEGF in diabetic nephropathy extends well beyond being "too much of a good thing".
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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100
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Kitada M, Ogura Y, Koya D. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2016; 9:279-290. [PMID: 27881924 PMCID: PMC5115690 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases and testing novel therapies, and many type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodent models have been established for the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals are widely used as a model of type 1 diabetes. Akita diabetic mice that have an Ins2+/C96Y mutation and OVE26 mice that overexpress calmodulin in pancreatic β-cells serve as a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In addition, db/db mice, KK-Ay mice, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats serve as rodent models of type 2 diabetes. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy should exhibit progressive albuminuria and a decrease in renal function, as well as the characteristic histological changes in the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial lesions that are observed in cases of human diabetic nephropathy. A rodent model that strongly exhibits all these features of human diabetic nephropathy has not yet been developed. However, the currently available rodent models of diabetes can be useful in the study of diabetic nephropathy by increasing our understanding of the features of each diabetic rodent model. Furthermore, the genetic background and strain of each mouse model result in differences in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria and the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the validation of an animal model reproducing human diabetic nephropathy will significantly facilitate our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we focus on rodent models of diabetes and discuss the utility and limitations of these models for the study of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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