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Effects of Combined Horizontal Plyometric and Change of Direction Training on Anaerobic Parameters in Youth Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020027. [PMID: 36828312 PMCID: PMC9959033 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the combination of soccer training, plyometric training (PT), and change of direction (COD) exercises would enhance anaerobic performance to a greater extent than training on its own in youth U17 soccer players. Twenty youth players participated in this study. Players were randomly separated into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 9) and the intervention group (EX), which performed extra PT and COD exercises (EX, n = 11). The duration of the training program was six weeks. Sprint 10 m, 30 m, countermovement jump (CMJ), single leg countermovement jump (CMJ right and left), squat jump (SJ), 505 test, and Illinois agility test were measured pre and post of the training program. The performance in the 505 test improved for the EX group (right leg: p = 0.031, left leg: p = 0.004). In addition, Illinois test performance increased in the EX group (2.9%, p = 0.019). The performances of the two groups differed significantly in the Illinois agility test (p = 0.001). This study supports that a short-term combined program of PT and COD exercises can improve change of direction ability in youth U17 soccer players. The lack of effect of the intervention program on sprint and jump performance may be due to the type and volume of plyometric exercises used. The results reflect the training principle of specialization of stimulus. The improvement in performance was presented in tests that had similar characteristics to training stimuli.
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Duggan JD, Keane K, Moody J, Byrne PJ, Malone S, Collins K, Ryan L. Strength and Conditioning Recommendations for Female Athletes: The Gaelic Footballer. Strength Cond J 2023. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen L, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Yang Q, Gao C, Ji H, Sun J, Li D. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Explosive Strength in Adolescent Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1849. [PMID: 36767213 PMCID: PMC9915200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plyometric training is an effective training method to improve explosive strength. However, the ability to perform plyometric training in the adolescent population is still controversial, with insufficient meta-analyses about plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in adolescent athletes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of plyometric training on the explosive strength of lower limbs in adolescent athletes. METHODS We performed a search of six databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan-fang database) from the starting year of inclusion in each database to April 4, 2022. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane risk assessment tool, and data were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULT Plyometric training had significant effects on the performance of adolescent athletes in countermovement jump (MD = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.85, p < 0.01), squat jump (MD = 4.37, 95% CI: 2.85, 5.90, p < 0.01), standing long jump (MD = 6.50, 95% CI: 4.62, 8.38, p < 0.01), 10-m sprint (MD = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.00, p = 0.03), and 20-m sprint (MD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04, p = 0.03); all had positive and statistically significant effects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Plyometric training can significantly enhance the explosive strength of lower limbs in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunxin Chen
- Digitalized Performance Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Digitalized Performance Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Digitalized Performance Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Hongshen Ji
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Duanying Li
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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Yu HB, Tai WH, He BX, Li J, Zhang R, Hao WY. Effects of Footwear Selection on Plantar Pressure and Neuromuscular Characteristics during Jump Rope Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1731. [PMID: 36767100 PMCID: PMC9913986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined what footwear type influenced plantar pressure and lower extremity muscle activations in jump rope training. Ten healthy physical-education graduate students participated in this study. The biomechanical parameters during the jump rope training were collected by an AMTI force platform, a Novel Pedar-X insole and a wireless electromyography (EMG) system. The results of the force platform indicate that vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and contact time were much higher in the one-leg landing (both p = 0.001). The GRF, GRF (BW) and Lat MF pressure were significantly greater in the one-leg landing (p = 0.018, 0.013 and 0.027); the pressure of the Lat MF and H area were significantly greater in the volleyball shoe (p = 0.025, 0.031); the pressure of the Mid FF and Lat FF area were significantly greater in the jumping shoe (p = 0.005, 0.042). No significant difference in EMG was found between footwear and landing conditions. In summary, the running shoe and jumping shoe might be a better choice for people who exercise. However, the running shoe is recommended for people when both jumping and running are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Graduate School, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Wei-Hsun Tai
- Graduate School, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Ben-Xiang He
- Graduate School, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Textiles and Apparel, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei-Ya Hao
- School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100061, China
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Marzouki H, Sbai S, Ouergui I, Selmi O, Andrade MS, Bouhlel E, Thuany M, Weiss K, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Effects of Biological Age on Athletic Adaptations to Combined Plyometric and Sprint with Change of Direction with Ball Training in Youth Soccer Players. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010120. [PMID: 36671812 PMCID: PMC9855667 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence for the effectiveness of youth combined plyometric and sprint with change of direction (COD) training. However, the evidence is not well-known regarding the in-season effects of biological age (peak height velocity—PHV) on the motor adaptive processes following combined plyometric and COD with ball training (P-CODBT) in youth soccer players. This study aimed to examine the in-season effects of P-CODBT (8 weeks and twice a week) on the athletic performances of male youth soccer players, circa- and post-PHV. In a randomized controlled training study with pre-to-post measurements, forty-eight male players were assigned into two experimental (performing P-CODBT; n = 12 × circa-PHV and n = 12 × post-PHV) and two control groups (CONG; n = 12 × circa-PHV and n = 12 × post-PHV). The pre- and post-training participants were assessed for their anthropometric, linear sprinting with and without a ball, COD speed with and without a ball, vertical jump, dynamic balance, and endurance-intensive performances. After the intervention, the experimental condition induced significant (all p < 0.0001) and small to large effect size (ES = 0.263−3.471) additional gains only on explosive measures compared to CONG. Both the experimental (all p < 0.0001; ES = 0.338−1.908) and control (p = 0.011−0.0001; ES = 0.2−1.8) groups improved their athletic performances over the training period. The improvements generated by p-CODBT were not affected by biological age. In-season short-term P-CODBT (twice a week) could be safe way to generate benefits in explosive performances in youth soccer players, which are relevant components of match-winning actions in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Marzouki
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Samar Sbai
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Marilia S. Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Mabliny Thuany
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rodríguez-López C, Rivas-Campo Y, Baena-Marín M, Castellote-Caballero Y, Quesada-Ortiz R, Osuna-Pérez MC, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A. Effects of Myofascial Release Using Finding-Oriented Manual Therapy Combined with Foam Roller on Physical Performance in University Athletes. A Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1364. [PMID: 36674120 PMCID: PMC9858925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sport is a science of constant reinvention that is always searching for strategies to improve performance. Objective: This study seeks to compare the effects of myofascial release with Findings-Oriented Orthopedic Manual Therapy (OMT) combined with Foam Roller (FR), versus FR by itself, on the physical performance of university athletes. A randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine university athletes, measuring Range of Motion (ROM), jump height and flight time, strength and dynamic flexibility using Goniometer pro, CMJ protocol in OptoGait, 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) and the Sit and Reach (V) test, correspondingly. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to the initial measurement of the participants under the code NCT05347303. Through a univariate analysis, together with an analysis of independent groups with ANOVA and an analysis of covariance, it was evidenced that OMT combined with FR generated more and better effects in all the evaluated ROM, jump height and flight time, RM and VMP tests. Finally, it was found that OMT combined with FR is better when it is desired to improve ROM, muscle power, strength and flexibility, while FR alone only improves dynamic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Foundation of the Área Andina—Pereira, Pereira 660004, Colombia
- Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-López
- Sinapse Neurology, Mbody Research and Formation Group, University Schools Gimbernat, The University of Cantabria, 39005 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | - Mateo Baena-Marín
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Foundation of the Área Andina—Pereira, Pereira 660004, Colombia
| | | | - Raúl Quesada-Ortiz
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Kons RL, Orssatto LBR, Ache-Dias J, De Pauw K, Meeusen R, Trajano GS, Dal Pupo J, Detanico D. Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Performance: An Umbrella Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36625965 PMCID: PMC9832201 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plyometric training can be performed through many types of exercises involving the stretch-shortening cycle in lower limbs. In the last decades, a high number of studies have investigated the effects of plyometric training on several outcomes in different populations. OBJECTIVES To systematically review, summarize the findings, and access the quality of published meta-analyses investigating the effects of plyometric training on physical performance. DESIGN Systematic umbrella review of meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Meta-analyses were identified using a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scielo. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING META-ANALYSES Meta-analyses that examined the effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in different populations, age groups, and sex. RESULTS Twenty-nine meta-analyses with moderate-to-high methodological quality were included in this umbrella review. We identified a relevant weakness in the current literature, in which five meta-analyses included control group comparisons, while 24 included pre-to-post-effect sizes. Trivial-to-large effects were found considering the effects of plyometric training on physical performance for healthy individuals, medium-trivial effects for the sports athletes' groups and medium effects for different sports athletes' groups, age groups, and physical performance. CONCLUSION The available evidence indicates that plyometric training improves most related physical fitness parameters and sports performance. However, it is important to outline that most meta-analyses included papers lacking a control condition. As such, the results should be interpreted with caution. PROSPERO number: CRD42020217918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Kons
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Lucas B R Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ache-Dias
- Research Group on Technology, Sport and Rehabilitation, Catarinense Federal Institute - IFC, Araquari, Brazil
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group and Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group and Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliano Dal Pupo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Centre of Sports - CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Detanico
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Centre of Sports - CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Novak D, Loncar I, Sinkovic F, Barbaros P, Milanovic L. Effects of Plyometric Training with Resistance Bands on Neuromuscular Characteristics in Junior Tennis Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1085. [PMID: 36673841 PMCID: PMC9859498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks (conducted twice per week for a total of 12 sessions) of plyometric training with resistance bands on different neuromuscular characteristics among the sample of junior tennis players. Thirty junior tennis players between the ages of 12 and 14 years (age 13.5 ± 1.8 years; weight 51.3 ± 12.5 kg; height 162.7 ± 12.6 cm) were allocated to either the control group (standard in-season regimen) (CG; n = 15) or the experimental group, which received additional plyometric training with resistance bands (TG; n = 15). Pre- and post-tests included: anthropometric measures; 20 m sprint time (with 5, 10, and 20 m splits), squat jump (SQ Jump); vertical countermovement jump (CMJ); vertical countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ_free arms); single leg (left) countermovement jump (CMJ_L); single leg (right) countermovement jump (CMJ_R); standing long jump (L_Jump); single leg (left) triple jump (SLTH-L); single leg (right) triple jump (SLTH-R); generic change of direction speed (CODS) (20Y test and T-test); reactive agility test (WS-S). After the training intervention, the TG showed significant (“p < 0.05”) improvements in CMJ (F = 7.90, p = 0.01), CMJ_L (F = 5.30, p = 0.03), CMJ_R (F = 11.45, p = 0.00), and SLTH-L (F = 4.49, p = 0.04) tests. No significant changes were observed in the CG after the training intervention. Our findings provide useful information for coaches to create a wide range of tennis-specific situations to develop a proper performance, especially for their player’s neuromuscular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Change of Direction Ability as a Sensitive Marker of Adaptation to Different Training Configurations, and Different Populations: Results from Four Experiments. J Hum Kinet 2023; 85:63-73. [PMID: 36643834 PMCID: PMC9808807 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article includes four separate experiments. In the first experiment male beach handball players (n = 24) were randomly assigned to regular training (n = 12) or plyometric and sprint training (n = 12). In the second experiment, male players were assigned to a handball practice only (n = 12), a plyometric training (n = 12), or an eccentric-overload (e.g., versa-pulley machine) training group (n = 12). In the third experiment, participants were assigned to padel training (n = 12) or specific on-court neuromuscular technical actions (n = 12). In the fourth experiment, females between 50-59 years (n = 25), 60-64 years (n = 25), and 65-70 years (n = 25) completed 10 weeks of bench stepping training involving jumps, and were compared to age-matched controls (n = 45). The COD ability was assessed with the 10-m COD ability test (experiments one and two), the COD ability test with 90º and 180º turns (third experiment), and with the timed-up-and-go test (fourth experiment). In experiment one, greater COD improvement was noted in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In experiment two, both intervention groups similarly improved COD when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In experiment three, although no significant group-time interactions were observed for COD, the experimental group improved all COD measures pre-post-training (p < 0.05), with a larger effect size for COD with 180° turn to the right compared to the control group (effect size = 0.8 vs. 0.3). In experiment four, the three training groups improved COD ability compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, COD is a sensitive marker of adaptation to different training configurations in these diverse groups.
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Lin J, Shen J, Zhang J, Zhou A, Guo W. Correlations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration and maximal speed performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14650. [PMID: 36748088 PMCID: PMC9899053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration, as well as maximal speed performance. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science. The studies that were included in this review must meet the following criteria: (1) well-trained individuals over the age of 18 years old; (2) Pearson's correlation coefficients between sprint time and horizontal jump distance were provided; (3) the sprint distance was limited to 0-100 m. The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black Quality Index test. A random-effects model was used to determine the effect sizes, and heterogeneity between studies was examined using the Q statistic and I2. Results From the identified 2,815 studies, 27 studies were included in this study (two from reference lists). The sprint time of the sprint acceleration phase was moderately and negatively correlated with the standing long jump (r = - 0.45, z = 7.48, p < 0.001), single leg standing long jump (r = - 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001) and horizontal drop jump distance (r = - 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001), and was largely and negatively correlated with multiple jump distance (r = - 0.69, z = 6.02, p < 0.001). Out of five studies assessed the standing triple jump, three studies reported significant positive association with the sprint acceleration performance. The sprint time of maximal speed phase was very largely and negatively associated with standing long jump distance (r = - 0.73, z = 4.44, p < 0.001) and multiple jump distance (r = - 0.76, z = 6.86, p < 0.001). Conclusions This review indicates the moderate to very large associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration and maximal speed performance, and the highest magnitude of associations between them is found in the multiple jump. Moreover, compared to the sprint acceleration performance, there are greater associations between maximal speed performance and standing long jump and multiple jump distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Lin
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Guo
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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61
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Zhang Y, Li D, Gómez-Ruano MÁ, Memmert D, Li C, Fu M. Effects of plyometric training on kicking performance in soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1072798. [PMID: 37123265 PMCID: PMC10133697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1072798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled effect size (ES) of plyometric training (PT) on kicking performance (kicking speed and distance) in soccer players depending upon some related factors (i.e., age, gender, skill level, and intervention duration). This study was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Four electronic databases-EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science-were searched for relevant studies. A total of n = 16 studies yielding 17 ES with n = 553 participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate Hedge's g with a 95% confidence interval (CI), which showed that plyometric training had a large-sized positive effect on soccer kicking performance (g = 0.979, 95% CI [0.606, 1.353], p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed according to participants' characteristics (i.e., age, gender, skill level) and intervention duration, demonstrating no significant differences between these subgroups. The study pointed out that plyometric training is a generally effective method to improve soccer players' kicking performance, which plays a crucial role in passing and shooting actions during games. As for soccer players and strength and conditioning coaches, the plyometric training aiming to enhance kicking performance has valuable implications in practice. Therefore, besides well-known training methods like power training in the weight room, plyometric training could be incorporated into the overall strength and conditioning programs for soccer players to reach high standards of kicking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Zhang
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Ruano
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chunman Li
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Fu,
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Deng N, Soh KG, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Abdullah B, Salleh KM, Huang D. Effects of Combined Upper and Lower Limb Plyometric Training Interventions on Physical Fitness in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:482. [PMID: 36612806 PMCID: PMC9819760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to meta-analyze the effects of combined upper and lower limb plyometric training (ULLPT) on physical fitness attributes in athletes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and SCOPUS, for up to 13 August 2022. Controlled studies with baseline and follow-up measures were included if they examined the effects of ULLPT on at least one measure of physical fitness indices in athletes. A random effects meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: Fifteen moderate-to-high-quality studies with 523 participants aged 12−22.4 years were included in the analyses. Small to large (ES = 0.42−1.66; p = 0.004 to <0.001) effects were noted for upper and lower body muscle power, linear sprint speed, upper and lower body muscle strength, agility, and flexibility, while no significant effects on static and dynamic balance were noted (ES = 0.44−0.10; all p > 0.05). Athletes’ sex, age, and training program variables had no modulator role on the effects of ULLPT in available data sets. Conclusions: ULLPT induces distinct neuro-muscular adaptations in the upper and lower body musculature and is an efficient method for enhancing athletes’ physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuannuan Deng
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Borhannudin Abdullah
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Md Salleh
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Physical Education, Chong Qing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Effects of Four Weeks of Plyometric Training Performed in Different Training Surfaces on Physical Performances in School Children: Age and Sex Comparisons. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121914. [PMID: 36553357 PMCID: PMC9776758 DOI: 10.3390/children9121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short- to middle-term plyometric training has been shown to be an effective method to promote youth fitness and health. However, there is no knowledge of previous studies that investigated the sex and age effects on physical fitness following different PT surfaces (i.e., firm vs. sand) in schoolchildren. This study examined the effects of age and sex on explosive and high-intensity responses following plyometric training (4 weeks, twice/week) performed on firm vs. sand surfaces in untrained schoolchildren. Ninety girls and ninety boys (under 8: age = 7.1 ± 0.5 and 7.1 ± 0.4 years; under 10: age = 9.0 ± 0.4 and 9.0 ± 0.5 years; under 12: age = 11.0 ± 0.5 and 11.0 ± 0.5 years, respectively) participated in a randomized and parallel training design with pre-to-post testing. Participants were allocated (i.e., 30 boys and 30 girls for each group) into either two experimental groups (firm group: performing plyometrics on a clay surface and sand group: performing plyometrics on a dry surface of 20 cm deep sand) or a control group (CG, habitual physical education classes) within their corresponding age groups. Children were tested for sprint, jumping and change of direction speed performances before and after 4 weeks of plyometric training. Both experimental groups induced more significant improvements in all assessed variables than CG (p < 0.0001; effect size > 0.80), whereas both surfaces induced similar improvements (p > 0.05). Older boys achieved better performances than their younger counterparts (p < 0.05) and older girls (p < 0.0001), respectively. This finding showed that age and sex could affect explosive and high-intensity performances during childhood after a short-term plyometric training. In contrast, the training-induced fitness changes were not influenced by the type of surface.
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Perez-Castilla A, Thapa RK, Afonso J, Clemente FM, Colado JC, de Villarreal ES, Chaabene H. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Measures of Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance of Water Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:108. [PMID: 36036301 PMCID: PMC9424421 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A growing body of literature is available regarding the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (PF) and sport-specific performance (SSP) in-water sports athletes (WSA, i.e. those competing in sports that are practiced on [e.g. rowing] or in [e.g. swimming; water polo] water). Indeed, incoherent findings have been observed across individual studies making it difficult to provide the scientific community and coaches with consistent evidence. As such, a comprehensive systematic literature search should be conducted to clarify the existent evidence, identify the major gaps in the literature, and offer recommendations for future studies.
Aim
To examine the effects of PJT compared with active/specific-active controls on the PF (one-repetition maximum back squat strength, squat jump height, countermovement jump height, horizontal jump distance, body mass, fat mass, thigh girth) and SSP (in-water vertical jump, in-water agility, time trial) outcomes in WSA, through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies.
Methods
The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2022. According to the PICOS approach, the eligibility criteria were: (population) healthy WSA; (intervention) PJT interventions involving unilateral and/or bilateral jumps, and a minimal duration of ≥ 3 weeks; (comparator) active (i.e. standard sports training) or specific-active (i.e. alternative training intervention) control group(s); (outcome) at least one measure of PF (e.g. jump height) and/or SSP (e.g. time trial) before and after training; and (study design) multi-groups randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses, reporting effect sizes (ES, i.e. Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), considering its five dimensions: risk of bias in studies, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and risk of publication bias.
Results
A total of 11,028 studies were identified with 26 considered eligible for inclusion. The median PEDro score across the included studies was 5.5 (moderate-to-high methodological quality). The included studies involved a total of 618 WSA of both sexes (330 participants in the intervention groups [31 groups] and 288 participants in the control groups [26 groups]), aged between 10 and 26 years, and from different sports disciplines such as swimming, triathlon, rowing, artistic swimming, and water polo. The duration of the training programmes in the intervention and control groups ranged from 4 to 36 weeks. The results of the meta-analysis indicated no effects of PJT compared to control conditions (including specific-active controls) for in-water vertical jump or agility (ES = − 0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.477 to 0.899), or for body mass, fat mass, and thigh girth (ES = 0.06 to 0.15; p = 0.452 to 0.841). In terms of measures of PF, moderate-to-large effects were noted in favour of the PJT groups compared to the control groups (including specific-active control groups) for one-repetition maximum back squat strength, horizontal jump distance, squat jump height, and countermovement jump height (ES = 0.67 to 1.47; p = 0.041 to < 0.001), in addition to a small effect noted in favour of the PJT for SSP time-trial speed (ES = 0.42; p = 0.005). Certainty of evidence across the included studies varied from very low-to-moderate.
Conclusions
PJT is more effective to improve measures of PF and SSP in WSA compared to control conditions involving traditional sport-specific training as well as alternative training interventions (e.g. resistance training). It is worth noting that the present findings are derived from 26 studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality, low-to-moderate impact of heterogeneity, and very low-to-moderate certainty of evidence based on GRADE.
Trial registration The protocol for this systematic review with meta-analysis was published in the Open Science platform (OSF) on January 23, 2022, under the registration doi https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NWHS3 (internet archive link: https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-nwhs3-v1).
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Deng N, Soh KG, Huang D, Abdullah B, Luo S, Rattanakoses W. Effects of plyometric training on skill and physical performance in healthy tennis players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1024418. [PMID: 36505069 PMCID: PMC9729950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1024418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plyometric training (PT) has been researched extensively in athletic populations. However, the effects of PT on tennis players are less clear. Methods: We aim to consolidate the existing research on the effects of PT on healthy tennis players' skill and physical performance. On 30th May 2022, a comprehensive search of SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost) databases was performed. PICOS was employed to define the inclusion criteria: 1) healthy tennis players; 2) a PT program; 3) compared a plyometric intervention to a control group or another exercise group, and single-group trials; 4) tested at least one measures of tennis skill or physical performance; and 5) non-randomized study trials and randomized control designs. Individual studies' methodological quality was evaluated by using the Cochrane RoB-2 and ROBINS-I instruments. Using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), the certainty of the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was employed for the meta-analysis. Results: Twelve studies comprising 443 tennis players aged 12.5-25 years were eligible for inclusion. The PT lasted from 3 to 9 weeks. Eight studies provided data to allow for the pooling of results in a meta-analysis. A moderate positive effect was detected for PT programs on maximal serve velocity (ES = 0.75; p < 0.0001). In terms of measures of physical performance, small to moderate (ES = 0.43-0.88; p = 0.046 to < 0.001) effects were noted for sprint speed, lower extremity muscle power, and agility. While no significant and small effect was noted for lower extremity muscle strength (ES = 0.30; p = 0.115). We found no definitive evidence that PT changed other parameters (i.e., serve accuracy, upper extremity power and strength, reaction time, and aerobic endurance). Based on GRADE, the certainty of evidence across the included studies varied from very low to moderate. Conclusion: PT may improve maximal serve velocity and physical performance components (sprint speed, lower extremity muscular power, and agility) for healthy tennis players; however, more high-quality evidence about the effects of PT on the skill and physical performance of tennis players merits further investigation. Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/], identifier [INPLASY202250146].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuannuan Deng
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Nuannuan Deng, ; Kim Geok Soh,
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Nuannuan Deng, ; Kim Geok Soh,
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Physical Education, Chong Qing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Borhannudin Abdullah
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shengyao Luo
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Watnawat Rattanakoses
- Department of Khon Kaen Sport School, Thailand National Sport University, Bueng Nam Rak, Thailand
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Handheld-Load-Specific Jump Training over 8 Weeks Improves Standing Broad Jump Performance in Adolescent Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112301. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of handheld-load-specific jump training on standing broad jump (SBJ) performance in youth athletes and the biomechanics changes involved. Methods: Fifteen male athletes (mean age, body weight, height, and body mass index were 14.7 ± 0.9 years, 59.3 ± 8.0 kg, 1.73 ± 0.07 m, 19.8 ± 2, respectively) underwent 15 SBJ training sessions over 8 weeks. The data were collected over three phases: before training, after training, and after training with 4 kg loading. Ten infrared high-speed motion-capture cameras and two force platforms, whose sampling rates were 250 and 1000 Hz, respectively, were used to record the kinematic and kinetic data. Visual three-dimensional software was used for the data analyses. Results: Jump performance and all biomechanics variables, including joint and takeoff velocities, ground reaction force, takeoff impulse, and mechanical outputs, improved after training. Conclusions: SBJ training under handheld loading resulted in considerable acute improvements as well as training transfer after 8 weeks. Moreover, explosive ability was effectively enhanced. The present findings serve as a reference for SBJ assessment and jump-related training.
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Eihara Y, Takao K, Sugiyama T, Maeo S, Terada M, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Heavy Resistance Training Versus Plyometric Training for Improving Running Economy and Running Time Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:138. [PMID: 36370207 PMCID: PMC9653533 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an adjunct to running training, heavy resistance and plyometric training have recently drawn attention as potential training modalities that improve running economy and running time trial performance. However, the comparative effectiveness is unknown. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if there are different effects of heavy resistance training versus plyometric training as an adjunct to running training on running economy and running time trial performance in long-distance runners. METHODS Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Twenty-two studies completely satisfied the selection criteria. Data on running economy and running time trial performance were extracted for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed with selected potential moderators. RESULTS The pooled effect size for running economy in heavy resistance training was greater (g = - 0.32 [95% confidence intervals [CIs] - 0.55 to - 0.10]: effect size = small) than that in plyometric training (g = -0.13 [95% CIs - 0.47 to 0.21]: trivial). The effect on running time trial performance was also larger in heavy resistance training (g = - 0.24 [95% CIs - 1.04 to - 0.55]: small) than that in plyometric training (g = - 0.17 [95% CIs - 0.27 to - 0.06]: trivial). Heavy resistance training with nearly maximal loads (≥ 90% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM], g = - 0.31 [95% CIs - 0.61 to - 0.02]: small) provided greater effects than those with lower loads (< 90% 1RM, g = - 0.17 [95% CIs - 1.05 to 0.70]: trivial). Greater effects were evident when training was performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance (10-14 weeks, g = - 0.45 [95% CIs - 0.83 to - 0.08]: small vs. 6-8 weeks, g = - 0.21 [95% CIs - 0.56 to 0.15]: small) and plyometric training (8-10 weeks, g = 0.26 [95% CIs - 0.67 to 0.15]: small vs. 4-6 weeks, g = - 0.06 [95% CIs 0.67 to 0.55]: trivial). CONCLUSIONS Heavy resistance training, especially with nearly maximal loads, may be superior to plyometric training in improving running economy and running time trial performance. In addition, running economy appears to be improved better when training is performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance and plyometric training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuri Eihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Kenji Takao
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sumiaki Maeo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masafumi Terada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Ehiogu UD, Krawczyk M, Tallent J. Strength and Conditioning Considerations for Speed Climbing. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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69
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Ramirez-Campillo R, García-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:656-670. [PMID: 33359798 PMCID: PMC9729929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on physical fitness attributes in basketball players; however, this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated. Therefore, our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players, in comparison to a control condition. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to July 2020. Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes (muscle power, i.e., jumping performance, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength) in basketball players, with no restrictions on their playing level, sex, or age. Hedge's g effect sizes (ES) were calculated for physical fitness variables. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were selected, including subgroup analyses (age, sex, body mass, and height) and single training factor analysis (program duration, training frequency, and total number of training sessions). Computation of meta-regression was also performed. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included, involving 818 total basketball players. Significant (p < 0.05) small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power (ES = 0.45), countermovement jump height with (ES = 1.24) and without arm swing (ES = 0.88), squat jump height (ES = 0.80), drop jump height (ES = 0.53), horizontal jump distance (ES = 0.65), linear sprint time across distances ≤10 m (ES = 1.67) and >10 m (ES = 0.92), change-of-direction performance time across distances ≤40 m (ES = 1.15) and >40 m (ES = 1.02), dynamic (ES = 1.16) and static balance (ES = 1.48), and maximal strength (ES = 0.57). The meta-regression revealed that training duration, training frequency, and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes. Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance (>17.15 years, ES = 2.11; ≤17.15 years, ES = 0.10; p < 0.001), linear sprint time >10 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.83; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.36; p = 0.010), and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.65; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.75; p = 0.005). Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with >2 compared with ≤2 weekly PJT sessions (ES = 2.12 and ES = 0.39, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Data from 32 studies (28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality) indicate PJT improves muscle power, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex, age, or PJT program variables. However, the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance, linear sprint time >10 m, and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m, appear to be more evident among older basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany; High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, La Manouba 8189, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01, Sport Performance, Health & Society), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Rockhampton 2037, Tunisia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, QLD 4702, Australia
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Elnaggar RK, Alghamdi MS, Alenazi AM, Alghadier M, Mahmoud MZ, Elsayed AEA, Hassan IAM, Abonour AA. Mechanical and Morphological Changes of the Plantar Flexor Musculotendinous Unit in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Following 12 Weeks of Plyometric Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9111604. [PMID: 36360332 PMCID: PMC9688148 DOI: 10.3390/children9111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To investigate how plyometric exercise (PLYO-Ex) affects mechanics and morphometrics of the plantar flexor musculotendinous unit in children with unilateral cerebral palsy, 38 participants (aged 10–16 years) were allocated at random to either the PLYO-Ex group (n = 19; received 24 sessions of plyometric muscle loading, conducted 2 times a week for 3 months in succession) or the control group (n = 19; underwent traditional physical therapy for the same frequency and duration). Measurements were taken pre- and post-intervention. Standard ultrasound imaging was applied to evaluate morphometrics of the gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon unit and an isokinetic dynamometer was used to evaluate maximum voluntary isometric plantar flexors contraction (IVCmax). With controlling for pre-treatment values, significant post-treatment changes favoring the PLYO-Ex group were observed for morphological (tendon (p = 0.003, η2p = 0.23) length; belly length (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.27); tendon thickness (p = 0.035, η2p = 0.35); muscle thickness (p = 0.013, η2p = 0.17); fascicle length (p = 0.009, η2p = 0.18); pennation angle (p = 0.015, η2p = 0.16)) and mechanical and material properties (IVCmax (p = 0.009, η2p = 0.18); tendon’s elongation (p = 0.012, η2p = 0.17), stiffness (p = 0.027, η2p = 0.13); stress (p = 0.006, η2p = 0.20); strain (p = 0.004, η2p = 0.21)). In conclusion, plyometric exercise induces significant adaptations within the musculotendinous unit of the plantar flexors in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. These adaptations could improve muscular efficiency and consequently optimize physical/functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab K. Elnaggar
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M. Alenazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Elbakry A. Elsayed
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ismail Abdelfattah M. Hassan
- Pediatric and Neonatology Specialist, New Medical Center, Royal hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi 35233, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asmaa A. Abonour
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Effects of a 5-week plyometric intervention for competitive young table tennis players. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Montoro-Bombú R, Field A, Santos AC, Rama L. Validity and reliability of the Output sport device for assessing drop jump performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1015526. [PMID: 36324903 PMCID: PMC9620392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The devices for measuring plyometric exercise in field conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent in applied research and practice. However, before the use of a device in an applied setting, the validity and reliability of such an instrument must be determined. The study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Output Sport, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), through comparisons with a force plate for research purposes. A repeated measure test-retest study was performed. Reliability was assessed during single-session trials (i.e., intrasession reliability). A total of 34 national/university level athletes (13 females, 21 males) performed three drop jumps with a fall from 30 cm while both devices recorded ground contact time (GCT), flight time (FT), jump height (HJ), and reactive strength index (RSI). T-tests demonstrated that data collected from the IMU device were significantly different to the force platform for all reported variables (all p < 0.01). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability, but with a large range of confidence intervals (CI 95%) for GCT (0.825, 0.291–0.930), FT (0.928, 0.756–0.958), HJ (0.921, 0.773–0.964), and RSI (0.772, 0.151–0.907). The Bland-Altman test showed that the device overestimated contact times and underestimated the other variables. Upon landing, greater ground contact times (i.e., ≥0.355ms) were associated with higher reliability. These results suggest that a single IMU can be used to track changes somewhat accurately and reliably in jump metrics, especially when the GCT is greater than 0.355ms. It is recommended that before practitioners and trainers use the device as a cost-effective solution in the field, further research should be carried out to evaluate a range of data on the type of exercise to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynier Montoro-Bombú
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Raynier Montoro-Bombú,
| | - Adam Field
- Division of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Amândio Cúpido Santos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Rama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
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73
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Paretic-Limb-Only Plyometric Training Outperforms Volume-Matched Double-Limb Training for Ameliorating Balance Capability and Gait Symmetry in Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101563. [PMID: 36291499 PMCID: PMC9600218 DOI: 10.3390/children9101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (U-CP) experience an asymmetrical posture because the less-affected lower limb is preferred for bodyweight support as a strategy of compensating for the paretic side’s muscular weakness. This study was designed to compare the effect of 12 weeks of paretic-limb-only plyometric training (PLPT) and volume-matched double-limb training (DLPT) on balance capability and gait symmetry in adolescents with U-CP. Sixty-nine adolescents with U-CP were randomly assigned to PLPT, DLPT, or a control group (n = 23 each). Treatment was delivered twice/week (with at least 48 h recovery intervals) for 12 weeks in succession. The directional (LoSdirectional) and overall (LoSoverall) limits of stability in addition to the temporal (T-GSI) and spatial (S-GSI) gait symmetry indicis were assessed pre- and post-treatment. The LoSdirectional improved significantly in the PLPT group compared to either the DLPT or control group (for the forward (p = 0.027 and <0.001, respectively), backward (p = 0.037 and <0.001, respectively), affected-side (p = 0.038 and 0.004, respectively), and less-affected-side (p = 0.018 and 0.016, respectively)), and this was also the case for the LoSoverall (p < 0.001). Additionally, The T-GSI and S-GSI scores decreased significantly in the PLPT group compared to the DLPT (p = 0.003 and 0.047, respectively) or control (p = 0.003 and 0.036, respectively) group, indicating the development more symmetrical gait patterns. In conclusion, PLPT is likely more effective for enhancing balance capabilities and promoting symmetrical gait patterns than DLPT. Thereupon, it is worthwhile for physical rehabilitation practitioners to include the PLPT paradigm into the intervention plans for adolescents with U-CP.
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74
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Al Attar WSA, Bakhsh JM, Khaledi EH, Ghulam H, Sanders RH. Injury prevention programs that include plyometric exercises reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of cluster randomised trials. J Physiother 2022; 68:255-261. [PMID: 36244964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Do injury prevention programs that include plyometric exercises reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in sport? DESIGN Systematic review of (cluster) randomised trials with meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Sporting participants of any age, sex or competition level. INTERVENTIONS The experimental intervention was an injury prevention program that included plyometric exercises. The control intervention was the usual warm-up program, which did not include plyometric exercises. OUTCOME MEASURES Exposure-based ACL injury rates. RESULTS The initial search yielded 7,302 articles, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. All nine articles reported cluster randomised trials, providing data on 14,394 participants. The pooled results showed that injury prevention programs that include plyometric exercises reduce the risk of ACL injury by 60% per 1,000 hours of exposure compared with the control group, with an injury risk ratio (IRR) of 0.40 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.63). Data from subgroups of these trials estimated that this preventative effect may be stronger in males (IRR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.62) and weaker in females (IRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.87), albeit with less precise estimates. Subgroup analysis also suggested a stronger effect on non-contact ACL injuries (IRR 0.34, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.65), whereas the effect on contact ACL injuries remained uncertain (IRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.30). CONCLUSIONS Injury prevention programs that incorporate plyometric exercises substantially decrease the risk of ACL injuries more than warm-up programs that do not include plyometric exercises. The preventive effect appears to be stronger among males and in the prevention of ACL injuries that do not involve contact with another player. PROSPERO CRD42020196982.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A Al Attar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jumana M Bakhsh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehdaa H Khaledi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Ghulam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ross H Sanders
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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75
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Mohammadi Nia Samakosh H, Brito JP, Shojaedin SS, Hadadnezhad M, Oliveira R. What Does Provide Better Effects on Balance, Strength, and Lower Extremity Muscle Function in Professional Male Soccer Players with Chronic Ankle Instability? Hopping or a Balance Plus Strength Intervention? A Randomized Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101822. [PMID: 36292269 PMCID: PMC9602092 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has a higher frequency in soccer due to the rapid changes in body movement. Thus, this study compared the effects of eight weeks of a hopping protocol and a combined protocol of balance plus strength in a within-between group analysis. Thirty-six male professional soccer players participated in this study and were randomly allocated in three groups: control group (CG, n = 12), hopping group (HG, n = 12), and balance plus strength group (BSG, n = 12). Strength, static and dynamic balance, and function were assessed at baseline and eight weeks post intervention. First, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and FAAM sport scales were applied. Then, a dynamometer was used to measure strength of the muscles around the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The Bass stick measured static balance and the Y balance test measured dynamic balance. Additionally, functional tests were carried out by Triple Hop, the Figure 8 hop, and vertical jump. A repeated measures ANOVA [(3 groups) × 2 moments] was used to compare the within and between group differences. In general, all tests improved after eight weeks of training with both protocols. Specifically, the BSG improved with large ES for all tests, while the HG improved all test with small to large effect sizes (ES). Furthermore, HG showed higher values for vertical jump (p < 0.01, ES = 1.88) and FAAMSPORT (p < 0.05, ES = 0.15) than BSG. BSG showed higher values for hip abduction (p < 0.05, ES = 2.77), hip adduction (p < 0.05, ES = 0.87), and ankle inversion (p < 0.001, ES = 1.50) strength tests, while HG showed higher values for knee flexion [ES = 0.86, (0.02, 1.69)] and ankle plantarflexion [ES = 0.52, (−0.29, 1.33)]. Balance plus strength protocol showed more positive effects than the hopping protocol alone for soccer players with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mohammadi Nia Samakosh
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Malihe Hadadnezhad
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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76
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Singh U, Ramachandran AK, Ramirez-Campillo R, Perez-Castilla A, Afonso J, Manuel Clemente F, Oliver J. Jump rope training effects on health- and sport-related physical fitness in young participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1801-1814. [PMID: 36121177 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2099161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the available body of published peer-reviewed articles related on the effects of jump rope training (JRT) compared with active/passive controls on health- and sport-related physical fitness outcomes. Searches were conducted in three databases, including studies that satisfied the following criteria: i) healthy participants; ii) a JRT programprogramme; iii) active or traditional control group; iv) at least one measure related to health- and sport-related physical fitness; v) multi-arm trials. The random-effects model was used for the meta-analyses. Twenty-one moderate-high quality (i.e., PEDro scale) studies were meta-analysed, involving 1,021 participants (male, 50.4%). Eighteen studies included participants with a mean age <18 years old. The duration of the JRT interventions ranged from 6 to 40 weeks. Meta-analyses revealed improvements (i.e., p = 0.048 to <0.001; ES = 0.23-1.19; I2 = 0.0-76.9%) in resting heart rate, body mass index, fat mass, cardiorespiratory endurance, lower- and upper-body maximal strength, jumping, range of motion, and sprinting. No significant JRT effects were noted for systolic-diastolic blood pressure, waist-hip circumference, bone or lean mass, or muscle endurance. In conclusion, JRT, when compared to active and passive controls, provides a range of small-moderate benefits that span health- and sport-related physical fitness outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Singh
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Ramachandran
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory. School of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - José Afonso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jon Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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77
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Optimizing the transition from the indoor to the beach season improves motor performance in elite beach handball players. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBeach handball athletes experience an overlap during their preparation phase for the beach and the indoor season for several weeks. This transition phase from playing on an indoor surface to a sand surface is crucial for players’ performance levels both on the sand and indoor surfaces, but coaches and athletes alike are concerned about possible performance impairments when training on a sand surface while still playing indoors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a specific transition phase from the indoor to the beach season in elite beach handball athletes. With 29 elite athletes participating in the study, we evaluated their jumping (countermovement and drop jump) and sprinting (5–10–20 m) performances and conducted a handball-specific agility test on both rigid and sand surfaces. In addition, we evaluated a drop long jump on a sand surface. Vertical jumping performance was analyzed using a 3D marker-based system on both rigid and sand surfaces under standardized laboratory conditions. All tests took place directly before and after a 6-week intervention program. The results showed that athletes in the intervention group significantly improved their performance in jumping (countermovement and drop long jump) compared to the control group. Furthermore, performance on a rigid surface was not only maintained for all tests but also significantly increased for the countermovement jump. Therefore, the intervention program is effective at improving performance during the transition from indoor to beach seasons without impairing indoor performance.
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78
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Zhou L, Gong W, Wang S, Guo Z, Liu M, Chuang S, Bao D, Zhou J. Combined balance and plyometric training enhances knee function, but not proprioception of elite male badminton players: A pilot randomized controlled study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947877. [PMID: 36017428 PMCID: PMC9396213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of combined balance and plyometric training on knee function and proprioception of elite badminton athletes. Methods Sixteen elite male badminton players (age: 20.5 ± 1.1 years, height: 177.8 ± 5.1 cm, weight: 68.1 ± 7.2 kg, and training experience: 11.4 ± 1.4 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to a combined balance and plyometric training (CT) (n = 8) and plyometric (PT) group (n = 8). The CT group performed balance combined with plyometric training three times a week over 6 weeks (40 min of plyometrics and 20 min of balance training); while the PT group undertook only plyometric training for the same period (3-4 sets × 8-12 reps for each exercise). Both groups had the same technical training of badminton. Results The knee function and proprioception were assessed at baseline and after the intervention by measuring the performance of single-legged hop tests (LSIO, LSIT, LSIC, LSIS), standing postural sway (COPAP, COPML), and LSI of dominant leg and non-dominant leg. The results showed that as compared to PT, CT induced significantly greater improvements in LSIT and LSIS (p < 0.001) and significant greater percent increase in NAP (p = 0.011). The changes in LSIO, LSIC, DAP, NAP, LSIAP, DML, NML, and LSIML induced by CT did not differ from that induced by PT (p > 0.213). Conclusion In elite badminton players, intervention using CT holds great promise to augment the benefits for knee function compared to the intervention using PT only, and at the same time, with at least comparable benefits for proprioception. Future studies are needed to examine and confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limingfei Zhou
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangcheng Gong
- School of Physical Education, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Shixian Wang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Guo
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Chuang
- Human Biology Major, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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79
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The Effect of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Jump Performance Including a Four-week Follow-up in Youth Female Volleyball Players. J Hum Kinet 2022; 83:197-205. [PMID: 36157943 PMCID: PMC9465749 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of aquatic plyometric training (APT) on jump performance in volleyball players. Twelve female athletes (16.6 ± 0.9 years) were assessed through the following jump tests: spike height (SH), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with an arm swing (CMJA). Jump height in each test and the eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) were the outcome measures. APT consisted of sets of drop jumps for 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) at a water depth of 0.75 m. Tests were performed at the beginning of a five-week pre-season period, before and after APT, and four weeks later for the follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze data and Hedges’ g to estimate effect size (ES). Performance of all jumps did not change from baseline to Pre-APT. Performance improved in SH (p < 0.001, ES: 1.09), the SJ (p = 0.045, ES: 0.76) and the CMJA (p < 0.001, ES: 0.78) after APT when compared to Pre-APT. No changes were observed after the follow-up period. In conclusion, including six weeks of APT in the training routine of youth volleyball players improved performance of a sport-specific task (SH), the SJ and CMJA, with gains preserved after a four-week follow-up.
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80
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Cormier P, Freitas TT, Loturco I, Turner A, Virgile A, Haff GG, Blazevich AJ, Agar-Newman D, Henneberry M, Baker DG, McGuigan M, Alcaraz PE, Bishop C. Within Session Exercise Sequencing During Programming for Complex Training: Historical Perspectives, Terminology, and Training Considerations. Sports Med 2022; 52:2371-2389. [PMID: 35816233 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this narrative review was to outline the historical genesis of resistance training strategies that incorporate high-load, low-velocity exercises and low-load, high-velocity exercises in the same training session allowing for different "exercise sequences" to be simultaneously implemented. Discrepancies between scientific works and the terminology used within contemporary sport science publications are identified. Upon review of the literature, we propose "complex training" to be considered an umbrella term with 4 different implementations, generally used to indicate a method in which movement velocity or load is altered between sets and/or exercises within the same session with the aim of improving slow and fast force expression. We propose the following terminology for said implementations: contrast training-exercise sequence with alternating high-load and low-load (higher-velocity) exercises in a set-by-set fashion within the same session (corresponding with 'contrast pairs' and 'intra-contrast rest'); descending training-several sets of high-load (e.g., back squat) exercises completed before the execution of several sets of low-load, higher-velocity (e.g., vertical jump) exercises within the same session; ascending training-several sets of low-load, higher-velocity exercises completed before several sets of high-load exercises within the same session; and French contrast training-subset of contrast training in which a series of exercises are performed in sequence within a single session: heavy compound exercise, plyometric exercise, light-to-moderate load compound exercise that maximises movement speed (i.e., external power), and a plyometric exercise (often assisted). Finally, practical applications and training considerations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tomás T Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, UCAM, Murcia, Spain. .,NAR, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil. .,SCS, Strength & Conditioning Society, Rome, Italy. .,Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Irineu Loturco
- NAR, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Turner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Adam Virgile
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- SCS, Strength & Conditioning Society, Rome, Italy.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Dana Agar-Newman
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Molly Henneberry
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel G Baker
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Michael McGuigan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, UCAM, Murcia, Spain.,SCS, Strength & Conditioning Society, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
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81
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Effects of Surface-Type Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Schoolchildren of Both Sexes: A Randomized Controlled Intervention. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071035. [PMID: 36101416 PMCID: PMC9312845 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plyometric training (PT) has been found to be effective for children’s fitness. However, no study has examined the effects of sex on physical fitness adaptations from surface-type PT in children. This study compared the effects of short-term surface-type PT (firm vs. sand) on the physical fitness of schoolchildren of both sexes. Sixty girls (age = 10.00 ± 1.15 years) and sixty boys (age = 10.02 ± 1.12 years) participated in a short-term (4 weeks), randomized and parallel PT design with pre-to-post measurements. Children were divided into two experimental groups (firm group: PT performed on a clay surface, 20 boys and 20 girls; sand group: PT performed on a dry surface of 20 cm deep sand, 20 boys and 20 girls) and a control group (CG, 20 boys and 20 girls). Squat jump, standing long jump, 20 m sprint, 5-10-5 shuttle, dynamic balance, and maximal aerobic velocity were measured at baseline and after intervention. Both experimental groups showed greater pre-post changes in all assessed variables than the CG (p < 0.0001). No significant differences in pre-post changes were observed relative to surface type or sex (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that a twice-weekly PT program induced physical fitness improvements, which may have transfer to health status during childhood. Additionally, surface type and sex did not affect the training-induced changes in physical fitness.
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82
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Arntz F, Mkaouer B, Markov A, Schoenfeld BJ, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Behrens M, Baumert P, Erskine RM, Hauser L, Chaabene H. Effect of Plyometric Jump Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review With Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:888464. [PMID: 35832484 PMCID: PMC9271893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.888464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1–15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23–0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18–0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66–0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = −0.25–1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59–0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041–0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = −0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = −0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101–0.751]. Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Arntz
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B. Mkaouer
- Department of Individual Sports, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A. Markov
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B. J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - J. Moran
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - P. Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. M. Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. Hauser
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - H. Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: H. Chaabene,
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Hasan S, Kandasamy G, Alyahya D, Alonazi A, Jamal A, Iqbal A, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H. Effect of plyometric training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation assisted strength training on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13588. [PMID: 35782092 PMCID: PMC9245565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study's objective was to analyze the influence of an 8-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with a plyometric (PT) and strength training (ST) program on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. Methods Sixty collegiate male football players participated in this randomized controlled trial single-blind study. All the participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) NMES group (Experimental, n = 30) who received NMES assisted ST and (2) sham NMES group (Control, n = 30) who received sham NMES assisted ST. In addition, participants from both groups received a PT program; both groups received intervention on three days a week for 8-weeks. The study's outcomes, such as muscular, sprint, and functional performances, were assessed using a strength test (STN) for quadriceps muscle, sprint test (ST), and single-leg triple hop test (SLTHT), respectively, at baseline pre-intervention and 8-week post-intervention. The interaction between group and time was identified using a mixed design (2 × 2) ANOVA. Results Significant difference found across the two time points for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 5,479.70, p < 0.05; SLTHT: F (1.58) = 118.17, p < 0.05; and ST: F (1.58) = 201.63, p < 0.05. Similarly, the significant differences were found between groups averaged across time for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 759.62, p < 0.05 and ST: F (1.58) = 10.08, p < 0.05. In addition, after 8-week of training, Cohen's d observed between two groups a large to medium treatment's effect size for the outcome STN (d = 10.84) and ST (d = 1.31). However, a small effect size was observed only for the SLTHT (d = 0.613). Conclusions Findings suggest that the effect of PT and ST with either NMES or sham NMES are equally capable of enhancing muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. However, PT and ST with NMES have shown an advantage over PT and ST with sham NMES in improving muscular performance and sprint performance among the same participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Hasan
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Danah Alyahya
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia,Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J, Oliver JL, Pedley JS, Lloyd RS, Granacher U. Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060094. [PMID: 35736834 PMCID: PMC9230747 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1−2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24−48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - Jon L. Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (J.L.O.); (J.S.P.); (R.S.L.)
| | - Jason S. Pedley
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (J.L.O.); (J.S.P.); (R.S.L.)
| | - Rhodri S. Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (J.L.O.); (J.S.P.); (R.S.L.)
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
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85
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Reiner MM, Tilp M, Guilhem G, Morales-Artacho A, Konrad A. Comparison of A Single Vibration Foam Rolling and Static Stretching Exercise on the Muscle Function and Mechanical Properties of the Hamstring Muscles. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:287-297. [PMID: 35719228 PMCID: PMC9157528 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Knee extension and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) and functional performance of the hamstrings are of great importance in many sports. The aim of this study was to investigate if static stretching (SS) or vibration foam rolling (VFR) induce greater changes in ROM, functional performance, and stiffness of the hamstring muscles. Twenty-five male volunteers were tested on two appointments and were randomly assigned either to a 2 min bout of SS or VFR. ROM, counter movement jump (CMJ) height, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque, passive resistive torque (PRT), and shear modulus of semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BFlh), were assessed before and after the intervention. In both groups ROM increased (SS = 7.7%, P < 0.01; VFR = 8.8%, P < 0.01). The MVIC values decreased after SS (-5.1%, P < 0.01) only. Shear modulus of the ST changed for -6.7% in both groups (VFR: P < 0.01; SS: P < 0.01). Shear modulus decreased in SM after VFR (-6.5%; P = 0.03) and no changes were observed in the BFlh in any group (VFR = -1%; SS = -2.9%). PRT and CMJ values did not change following any interventions. Our findings suggest that VFR might be a favorable warm-up routine if the goal is to acutely increase ROM without compromising functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maren Reiner
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Tilp
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Antonio Morales-Artacho
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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86
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Singh G, Kushwah GS, Singh T, Thapa RK, Granacher U, Ramirez-Campillo R. Effects of Sand-Based Plyometric-Jump Training in Combination with Endurance Running on Outdoor or Treadmill Surface on Physical Fitness in Young Adult Males. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:277-286. [PMID: 35719236 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the effects of nine weeks of sand-based plyometric-jump training (PJT) combined with endurance running on either outdoor or treadmill surface on measures of physical fitness. Male participants (age, 20.1 ± 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to a sand-based PJT combined with endurance running on outdoor surface (OT, n = 25) or treadmill surface (TT, n = 25). The endurance running intervention comprised a mixed training method, i.e., long slow distance, tempo, and interval running drills. A control group was additionally included in this study (CG, n = 25). Participants in CG followed their regular physical activity as OT and TT but did not receive any specific intervention. Individuals were assessed for their 50-m linear sprint time, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., Cooper test), forced vital capacity (FVC), calf girth, and resting heart rate (RHR). A three (groups: OT, TT, CG) by two (time: pre, post) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In case of significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 - 0.002, ɳp 2 = 0.16 - 0.78). Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements for all variables after OT (p < 0.001, Hedges'g effect size [g] = 0.05 - 1.94) and TT (p < 0.001, g = 0.04 - 2.73), but not in the CG (p = 0.058 - 1.000, g = 0.00 - 0.34). Compared to CG, OT showed larger SLJ (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.004), FVC (p = 0.008), and RHR (p < 0.001) improvements. TT showed larger improvements in SLJ (p = 0.036), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), and RHR (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Compared to OT, TT showed larger improvements for SLJ (p = 0.018). In conclusion, sand-based PJT combined with either OT or TT similarly improved most measures of physical fitness, with greater SLJ improvement after TT. Coaches may use both concurrent exercise regimes based on preferences and logistical constrains (e.g., weather; access to treadmill equipment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Gaurav Singh Kushwah
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Tanvi Singh
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Thapa
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Urs Granacher
- University of Potsdam, Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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87
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Chottidao M, Kuo CH, Tsai SC, Hwang IS, Lin JJ, Tsai YS. A Comparison of Plyometric and Jump Rope Training Programs for Improving Punching Performance in Junior Amateur Boxers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878527. [PMID: 35685089 PMCID: PMC9171322 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving lower extremity sports performance may contribute to punching performance in boxers. We compared the effects of two typical boxing routines for developing lower extremity sports performance and subsequent punching performance. Twenty-four high school amateur boxers between the ages of 12 and 18 performed training at least 3 days per week. All Athletes had 3–5 years of experience in boxing training. The participants separated into two groups to receive an 8-week plyometric or jump rope training program. They performed each training program for 30 min on 3 days/week. Lower extremity sports performance in countermovement jump (leg stiffness, jump power, and rate of force development) and jab-cross punching performance (punch velocity, punch force, reaction time, movement time, and ground reaction force) were assessed at pre-and post-training. The data were analyzed using a two-way mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time). Both training programs improved the rate of force development in countermovement jump, the reaction time of punch, the peak ground reaction force of the rear leg during the jab punch, and the velocity of the jab punch. There were no group differences and interaction effects in all variables analyzed. It is concluded that 8 weeks of plyometric and rope jumping programs had a similar impact on improving lower extremity strength and punching performance. Both training programs may improve muscle strength and power, rate of force development, and reaction time. These improvements may contribute to lower extremity strength for driving a punch at the target with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monchai Chottidao
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Chwen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Jenq Lin
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Shen Tsai,
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88
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Štirn I, Garcia-Ramos A, Feriche B, Strojnik V, Tomažin K. Influence of an Acute Exposure to a Moderate Real Altitude on Motoneuron Pool Excitability and Jumping Performance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:861927. [PMID: 35547581 PMCID: PMC9081365 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.861927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test whether ascending to a moderate real altitude affects motoneuron pool excitability at rest, as expressed by a change in the H-reflex amplitude, and also to elucidate whether a possible alteration in the motoneuron pool excitability could be reflected in the execution of lower-body concentric explosive (squat jump; SJ) and fast eccentric-concentric (drop jump; DJ) muscle actions. Fifteen participants performed four experimental sessions that consisted of the combination of two real altitude conditions [low altitude (low altitude, 690 m), high altitude (higher altitude, 2,320 m)] and two testing procedures (H-reflex and vertical jumps). Participants were tested on each testing day at 8, 11, 14 and 17 h. The only significant difference (p < 0.05) detected for the H-reflex was the higher H-reflex response (25.6%) obtained 15 min after arrival at altitude compared to baseline measurement. In terms of motor behavior, DJ height was the only variable that showed a significant interaction between altitude conditions (LA and HA) and time of measurement (8, 11, 14 and 17 h) as DJ height increased more during successive measurements at HA compared to LA. The only significant difference between the LA and HA conditions was observed for DJ height at 17 h which was higher for the HA condition (p = 0.04, ES = 0.41). Although an increased H-reflex response was detected after a brief (15–20 min) exposure to real altitude, the effect on motorneuron pool excitability could not be confirmed since no significant changes in the H-reflex were detected when comparing LA and HA. On the other hand, the positive effect of altitude on DJ performance was accentuated after 6 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Štirn
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Belen Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vojko Strojnik
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Tomažin
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Effects of Rhythm Step Training on Physical and Cognitive Functions in Adolescents: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040712. [PMID: 35455889 PMCID: PMC9029147 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rhythm step training (RST) for sensorimotor dual tasks is in the spotlight as it provides physical activity that is fun and allows participants to express various and creative movements, although it lacks a scientific evidence base. Therefore, this study was to investigate how RST affects the physical and cognitive functions of adolescents. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty-six female middle-schoolers were divided into non-exercise group (control group, CON, n = 22), step training group (STG, n = 22), and rhythm step training group (RSTG, n = 22). To verify the combined effects of music-based rhythm and exercise, the program was conducted for 45 min/session a day, three times a week for 12 weeks. Results: RST scores increased significantly in the STG and RSTG compared to the CON after 12 weeks. Specifically, the Δ% of RST scores in the RSTG (11.44%) was higher than those of STG (9.01%) and CON (3.91%). By the end of the experiment, the power (p < 0.001), agility (p < 0.001), muscle endurance (p < 0.001), dynamic or static balance (p < 0.001), and gait velocity (p < 0.001) of RSTG were significantly improved compared to the others. The Δ% of all variables in RSTG was higher than those of the CON or STG. In addition, the verbal memory (p < 0.001) and attention (p < 0.001) of cognitive function were significantly improved in RSTG. Specifically, there was more of an increase in Δ% of RSTG for verbal memory (7.52%) and attention (10.33%) than in the CON (verbal memory, 3.34%; attention, 5.83%) or STG (verbal memory, 5.85%; attention, 5.43%). Conclusions: This study confirms that RST had a positive effect on the physical and cognitive functions of female middle-schoolers. We propose that rhythmic exercise combined with music is beneficial for adolescents’ physical and cognitive health.
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90
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Effect of an eight-week plyometric exercise training on athletes’ muscular strength in selected ball games in Nigeria. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1076794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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91
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Duggan JD, Moody J, Byrne P, McGahan JH, Kirszenstein L. Considerations and Guidelines on Athletic Development for Youth Gaelic Athletic Association Players. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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92
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Kim S, Rhi SY, Kim J, Chung JS. Plyometric training effects on physical fitness and muscle damage in high school baseball players. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:1-7. [PMID: 35510439 PMCID: PMC9081355 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on physical fitness and muscle damage in high school baseball players. [Methods] The participants in the study included 21 high school baseball players who are healthy and well-training. The participants were randomly allocated to the plyometric training (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. The plyometric training was applied 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks and the control group took part in only regular baseball skills training without plyometric training. For physical fitness, measures included maximal strength (left and right hand-grip strength), muscle endurance (sit-up), agility (side-step), power (standing long jump), and balance (left and right Rhomberg test). For muscle damage, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. [Results] The results showed a significant interaction effect between time and groups in left hand-grip strength (P = 0.022), side-step (P = 0.004), and standing long jump (P < 0.001) after the 8-week plyometric training, with greater improvement in the plyometric training group than the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant interaction effect between time and groups in right hand-grip strength, situp, left and right Rhomberg test, CK level, and LDH level (P > 0.05). [Conclusion] In conclusion, 8-week plyometric training had a positive effect on improving physical fitness, such as maximal strength, agility, and power, in high school baseball players without causing additional muscle damage.
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Short-term in-season ballistic training improves power, muscle volume and throwing velocity in junior handball players. A randomized control trial. Biol Sport 2022; 39:415-426. [PMID: 35309523 PMCID: PMC8919889 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a ballistic training programme using an arm/shoulder specific strength device (ASSSD) on the upper body peak power (PP), muscle volume (MV) of the dominant arm and throwing velocity in junior handball players. Twenty-six players were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG = 15, age 17.6 ± 0.51 years) and control (CG = 11, age 17.36 ± 0.50 years) group. Over an 8-week in-season period, the EG performed a ballistic training programme (2 sessions/week) immediately before their normal team handball training. Both groups underwent tests on the ASSSD, which operates in consecutive accelerative and decelerative actions, for throwing characteristics determination. Peak power (PP), peak force (PF), peak velocity (PV), peak rate of power development (PRPD), muscle volume (MV), throwing velocity with runup, standing throw, and jump throw were also assessed before/after the training programme. The EG group showed significant post-training improvements in PP (52.50% - p < 0.001), PF (26.45% - p < 0.01) and PRPD (78.47% - p < 0.001) better than the CG (1.81, 0.67 and 1.64%, p > 0.05, respectively). There was also a post-training improvement in the velocity at PP (22.82% - p < 0.001) and PF (42.45% - p < 0.001) in the EG compared to the CG (4.18 and 8.53%, p > 0.05 respectively). There was a significant increase in acceleration at PP (51.50% - p < 0.01) and PF (69.67% - p < 0.001). MV increased (19.11% - p < 0.001) in the EG, with no significant change (3.34% - p = 0.84) in the CG. Finally, significant increases were obtained in the three throw types (3.1-6.21%, p < 0.05- < 0.001) in the EG compared to the CG. The additional ASSSD training protocol was able to improve muscle strength/volume and ball throwing velocity in junior handball players.
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Body composition adaptations to lower-body plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport 2022; 39:273-287. [PMID: 35309540 PMCID: PMC8919888 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on body composition parameters among males. Relevant articles were searched in the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, WOS, and SCOPUS, using the key words “ballistic”, “complex”, “explosive”, “force-velocity”, “plyometric”, “stretch-shortening cycle”, “jump”, “training”, and “body composition”. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigating the effects of PJT in healthy male’s body composition (e.g., muscle mass; body fat), irrespective of age. From database searching 21 RCTs were included (separate experimental groups = 28; pooled number of participants = 594). Compared to control, PJT produced significant increases in total leg muscle volume (small ES = 0.55, p = 0.009), thigh muscle volume (small ES = 0.38, p = 0.043), thigh girth (large ES = 1.78, p = 0.011), calf girth (large ES = 1.89, p = 0.022), and muscle pennation angle (small ES = 0.53, p = 0.040). However, we did not find significant difference between PJT and control for muscle cross-sectional area, body fat, and skinfold thickness. Heterogeneity remained low-to-moderate for most analyses, and using the Egger’s test publication bias was not found in any of the analyses (p = 0.300–0.900). No injuries were reported among the included studies. PJT seems to be an effective and safe mode of exercise for increasing leg muscle volume, thigh muscle volume, thigh and calf girth, and muscle pennation angle. Therefore, PJT may be effective to improve muscle size and architecture, with potential implications in several clinical and sport-related contexts.
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Ramírez-delaCruz M, Bravo-Sánchez A, Esteban-García P, Jiménez F, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Body Muscle Architecture, Tendon Structure, Stiffness and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:40. [PMID: 35312884 PMCID: PMC8938535 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plyometric training (PT) has been widely studied in sport science. However, there is no review that determines the impact of PT on the structural variables and mechanical properties of the lower limbs and physical performance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of PT on lower body muscle architecture, tendon structure, stiffness and physical performance. METHODS Five electronic databases were analysed. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Availability in English; (2) Experimental studies that included a PT of at least eight sessions; and (3) Healthy adults subjects. Four meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager software: (1) muscle architecture; (2) tendon structure; (3) muscle and tendon stiffness; (4) physical performance. RESULTS From 1008 search records, 32 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Muscle architecture meta-analysis found a moderate effect of PT on muscle thickness (Standard Mean Difference (SMD): 0.59; [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.47, 0.71]) and fascicle length (SMD: 0.51; [95% CI 0.26, 0.76]), and a small effect of PT on pennation angle (SMD: 0.29; [95% CI 0.02, 0.57]). The meta-analysis found a moderate effect of PT on tendon stiffness (SMD: 0.55; [95% CI 0.28, 0.82]). The lower body physical performance meta-analysis found a moderate effect of PT on jumping (SMD: 0.61; [95% CI 0.47, 0.74]) and strength (SMD: 0.57; [95% CI 0.42, 0.73]). CONCLUSION PT increased the thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the evaluated muscles. In addition, plyometrics is an effective tool for increasing tendon stiffness and improving jump and strength performance of the lower body.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ramírez-delaCruz
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Paula Esteban-García
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Jiménez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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96
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Sortwell A, Ramirez-Campillo R. Test–retest reliability of drop jumps in students aged seven and eight: exploratory investigation. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aloui G, Hermassi S, Bartels T, Hayes LD, Bouhafs EG, Chelly MS, Schwesig R. Combined Plyometric and Short Sprint Training in U-15 Male Soccer Players: Effects on Measures of Jump, Speed, Change of Direction, Repeated Sprint, and Balance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:757663. [PMID: 35250606 PMCID: PMC8895237 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.757663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of 8 weeks of biweekly combined plyometric and short sprint training into the typical within-season training schedule of youth male soccer players. Participants were allocated at random to an experimental group (EG; n = 17, age: 14.6 ± 0.5 years, body mass: 60.5 ± 7.1 kg, height: 1.64 ± 0.08 m, body fat: 11.3 ± 1.4%) and a control group (CG; n = 17, age: 14.6 ± 0.4 years, body mass: 61.0 ± 3.9 kg, height: 1.67 ± 0.05 m, body fat: 11.8 ± 1.4%). Measures obtained pre- and post-intervention included vertical and horizontal jump performances (i.e., squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump with aimed arms (CMJA), and five-jump test (FJT)) and sprint performances (i.e., 10 and 30 m sprint). In addition, change-of-direction ability (sprint with 90° Turns (S90°) and sprint 9–3–6–3–9 m with backward and forward running (SBF)), repeated shuttle sprint ability (RSSA), and dynamic balance performance (Y balance test) were measured pre- and post-intervention. The EG experienced higher jump (all p < 0.05; d ≥ 0.71), sprint (all p < 0.05; d ≥ 0.64), change-of-direction ability (all p < 0.05; d ≥ 0.66), RSSA (all parameters except the fatigue index p < 0.01; d ≥ 0.71), and dynamic balance (all p ≤ 0.05; d ≥ 0.50) improvement compared to the CG. Adding biweekly combined plyometric and short sprint training to standard training improves the athletic performance of youth male soccer players (under 15 (U15)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Aloui
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhail Hermassi,
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Sports Clinic Halle, Center of Joint Surgery, Halle, Germany
| | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - El Ghali Bouhafs
- Department of Sports Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Does Complex Training Enhance Vertical Jump Performance and Muscle Power in Elite Male Volleyball Players? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:586-593. [PMID: 35130507 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors aimed to compare the effects of 4 weeks jump versus complex training methods on lower limb muscle power and maximal isokinetic torque of knee extensors and flexors in elite male volleyball players. METHODS Sixteen male volleyball players were allocated into 2 groups, jump training (n = 8; 27.0 [5.7] y, 94.3 [7.6] kg) and complex training (with induction of postactivation performance enhancement, n = 8; 26.6 [3.6] y, 94.2 [6.3] kg). All individuals performed jump training 2 sessions/wk, and the complex group received induction training with postactivation performance enhancement and jump training. RESULTS After 4 weeks, an increase in countermovement jump height (jump: 49.0 [1.2] to 52.7 [2.1] cm and complex: 49.2 [1.1] to 53.3 [1.9] cm; P = .009) and power (jump: 29.5 [1.1] to 34.3 [1.4] W and complex: 30.4 [0.9] to 34.4 [1.08] W; P = .001) was observed without significant differences between groups and without significant group × time interaction (P > .05). Also, no significant difference was observed between and within groups for the isokinetic peak torque at low speeds (60 and 180°s), although total muscle work and knee extensor/flexor ratio increased from pretraining to posttraining at 300° seconds similarly in both groups. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that jump performance and power, knee extensor/flexor ratio, and total muscle work increased after 4 weeks of jump and complex training. However, the inclusion of heavy resistance stimulus did not elicit any additional improvements in the vertical jump performance and isokinetic strength of elite volleyball players.
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Lu Z, Zhou L, Gong W, Chuang S, Wang S, Guo Z, Bao D, Zhang L, Zhou J. The Effect of 6-Week Combined Balance and Plyometric Training on Dynamic Balance and Quickness Performance of Elite Badminton Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031605. [PMID: 35162627 PMCID: PMC8835527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of combined balance and plyometric training on dynamic balance and quickness performance of elite badminton athletes. Sixteen elite male badminton players volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to a balance-plyometric group (PB: n = 8) and plyometric group (PT: n = 8). The PB group performed balance combined with plyometric training three times a week over 6 weeks (40 min of plyometrics and 20 min of balance training); while the PT group undertook only plyometric training for the same period (3–4 sets × 8–12 reps for each exercise). Both groups were given the same technical training (badminton techniques for 6 days a week). The dynamic stability and quick movement ability were assessed at baseline and after the intervention by measuring the performance of dynamic posture stability test (DPSI and COP), T-running test and hexagon jump test. The results showed that compared to PT, PB induced significantly greater improvements in F-DPSI, L-DPSI (p = 0.003, 0.025, respectively), F-COPAP, F-COPML, F-COPPL, L-COPPL (p = 0.024, 0.002, 0.029, 0.043, respectively), T-running test and hexagon jump test (p < 0.001). The change in L-DPSI, L-COPAP, L-COPML did not differ between PB and PT (p > 0.907). The findings suggest that combined training holds great promise of improving the dynamic balance and quickness performance in elite badminton athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Limingfei Zhou
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wangcheng Gong
- School of Physical Education, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China;
| | - Samuel Chuang
- Human Biology Major, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Shixian Wang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Zhenxiang Guo
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.G.)
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA;
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Ivanović J, Kukić F, Greco G, Koropanovski N, Jakovljević S, Dopsaj M. Specific Physical Ability Prediction in Youth Basketball Players According to Playing Position. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020977. [PMID: 35055798 PMCID: PMC8775855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hierarchical structure of physical characteristics in elite young (i.e., U17-U19) basketball players according to playing positions. In addition, their predictive value of physical characteristics was determined for the evaluation of players’ physical preparedness. Sixty elite male basketball players performed 13 standardized specific field tests in order to assess the explosive power of lower limbs, speed, and change-of-direction speed. They were divided into three groups according to playing positions (guard [n = 28], forward [n = 22], center [n = 10]). The basic characteristics of the tested sample were: age = 17.36 ± 1.04 years, body height = 192.80 ± 4.49 cm, body mass = 79.83 ± 6.94 kg, and basketball experience = 9.38 ± 2.10 years for guards; age = 18.00 ± 1.00 years, body height = 201.48 ± 3.14 cm, body mass = 90.93 ± 9.85 kg, and basketball experience = 9.93 ± 2.28 years for forwards; and age = 17.60 ± 1.43 years; body height = 207.20 ± 3.29 cm, body mass = 104.00 ± 9.64 kg, and basketball experience = 9.20 ± 1.62 years for centers. For all playing positions factor analysis extracted three factors, which cumulatively explained 76.87, 88.12 and 87.63% of variance, respectively. The assessed performance measures were defined as significant (p < 0.001), with regression models of physical performance index (PPINDEX). PPINDEX of guards = −6.860 + (0.932 × t-test) − (1.656 × Acceleration 15 m) − (0.020 × Countermovement jump); PPINDEX of forwards = −3.436 − (0.046 × Countermovement jump with arm swing) − (1.295 × Acceleration 15 m) + (0.582 × Control of dribbling); PPINDEX of centers = −4.126 + (0.604 × Control of dribbling) − (1.315 × Acceleration 15 m) − (0.037 × Sargent jump). A model for the evaluation of physical performance of young basketball players has been defined. In addition, this model could be used as a reference model for selection procedures, as well as to monitor the efficacy of applied training programmes within the short, medium and long-term periodization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ivanović
- Serbian Institute for Sport and Sports Medicine, 72 Kneza Višeslava Street, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Sport, University “Union—Nikola Tesla”, Narodnih Heroja 30/I, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Kukić
- Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police, Abu Dhabi 253, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Nenad Koropanovski
- Department of Criminalistics, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Saša Jakovljević
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Milivoj Dopsaj
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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