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Borodinova AA, Balaban PM. Epigenetic Regulation as a Basis for Long-Term Changes in the Nervous System: In Search of Specificity Mechanisms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:994-966. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920090023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adaptive long-term changes in the functioning of nervous system (plasticity, memory) are not written in the genome, but are directly associated with the changes in expression of many genes comprising epigenetic regulation. Summarizing the known data regarding the role of epigenetics in regulation of plasticity and memory, we would like to highlight several key aspects. (i) Different chromatin remodeling complexes and DNA methyltransferases can be organized into high-order multiprotein repressor complexes that are cooperatively acting as the “molecular brake pads”, selectively restricting transcriptional activity of specific genes at rest. (ii) Relevant physiological stimuli induce a cascade of biochemical events in the activated neurons resulting in translocation of different signaling molecules (protein kinases, NO-containing complexes) to the nucleus. (iii) Stimulus-specific nitrosylation and phosphorylation of different epigenetic factors is linked to a decrease in their enzymatic activity or changes in intracellular localization that results in temporary destabilization of the repressor complexes. (iv) Removing “molecular brakes” opens a “critical time window” for global and local epigenetic changes, triggering specific transcriptional programs and modulation of synaptic connections efficiency. It can be assumed that the reversible post-translational histone modifications serve as the basis of plastic changes in the neural network. On the other hand, DNA methylation and methylation-dependent 3D chromatin organization can serve a stable molecular basis for long-term maintenance of plastic changes and memory.
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52
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BET bromodomains as novel epigenetic targets for brain health and disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108306. [PMID: 32946883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic pharmacotherapy for CNS-related diseases is a burgeoning area of research. In particular, members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins have emerged as intriguing therapeutic targets due to their putative involvement in an array of brain diseases. With their ability to bind to acetylated histones and act as a scaffold for chromatin modifying complexes, BET proteins were originally thought of as passive epigenetic 'reader' proteins. However, new research depicts a more complex reality where BET proteins act as key nodes in lineage-specific and signal-dependent transcriptional mechanisms to influence disease-relevant functions. Amid a recent wave of drug development efforts from basic scientists and pharmaceutical companies, BET inhibitors are currently being studied in several CNS-related disease models, but safety and tolerability remain a concern. Here we review the progress in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of BET proteins and the therapeutic potential of targeting BET proteins for brain health and disease.
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53
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Kiyooka M, Shimizu Y, Ohshima T. Histone deacetylase inhibition promotes regenerative neurogenesis after stab wound injury in the adult zebrafish optic tectum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:366-371. [PMID: 32703437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) of adult zebrafish is capable of recovering from injury, unlike the CNS of mammals such as humans or rodents. Previously, we established a stab wound injury model of the optic tectum (OT) in the adult zebrafish and showed that the radial glial cells (RG) proliferation and neuronal differentiation contributes to OT regeneration. In the present study, we analyzed the function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as potential regulators of OT regeneration. The expression of both hdac1 and hdac3 was found to be significantly decreased in the injured OT. In order to analyze the roles of HDACs in RG proliferation and differentiation after injury, we performed pharmacological experiments using the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A. We found that HDAC inhibition after stab wound injury suppressed RG proliferation but promoted neuronal differentiation. Moreover, HDAC inhibition suppressed the injury-induced decline in expression of Notch signaling target genes, her4.1 and her6 after OT injury. These results suggest that HDACs regulate regenerative neurogenesis through changes in Notch target gene expression by histone deacetylation. HDACs and histone acetylation are promising molecular targets for neuronal regeneration and further studies about the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of regeneration by histone acetylation are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kiyooka
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Functional Biomolecular Research Group and DAILAB, BMRI, AIST, 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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54
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Poeta L, Padula A, Attianese B, Valentino M, Verrillo L, Filosa S, Shoubridge C, Barra A, Schwartz CE, Christensen J, van Bokhoven H, Helin K, Lioi MB, Collombat P, Gecz J, Altucci L, Di Schiavi E, Miano MG. Histone demethylase KDM5C is a SAHA-sensitive central hub at the crossroads of transcriptional axes involved in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:4089-4102. [PMID: 31691806 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A disproportional large number of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is caused by variants in genes encoding transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. However, the functional interactions between the corresponding proteins are only partly known. Here, we show that KDM5C, encoding a H3K4 demethylase, is at the intersection of transcriptional axes under the control of three regulatory proteins ARX, ZNF711 and PHF8. Interestingly, mutations in all four genes (KDM5C, ARX, ZNF711 and PHF8) are associated with X-linked NDDs comprising intellectual disability as a core feature. in vitro analysis of the KDM5C promoter revealed that ARX and ZNF711 function as antagonist transcription factors that activate KDM5C expression and compete for the recruitment of PHF8. Functional analysis of mutations in these genes showed a correlation between phenotype severity and the reduction in KDM5C transcriptional activity. The KDM5C decrease was associated with a lack of repression of downstream target genes Scn2a, Syn1 and Bdnf in the embryonic brain of Arx-null mice. Aiming to correct the faulty expression of KDM5C, we studied the effect of the FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA). In Arx-KO murine ES-derived neurons, SAHA was able to rescue KDM5C depletion, recover H3K4me3 signalling and improve neuronal differentiation. Indeed, in ARX/alr-1-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans animals, SAHA was shown to counteract the defective KDM5C/rbr-2-H3K4me3 signalling, recover abnormal behavioural phenotype and ameliorate neuronal maturation. Overall, our studies indicate that KDM5C is a conserved and druggable effector molecule across a number of NDDs for whom the use of SAHA may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Poeta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Padula
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Benedetta Attianese
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Valentino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Verrillo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Filosa
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (Neuromed), Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Cheryl Shoubridge
- Intellectual Disability Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adriano Barra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jesper Christensen
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristian Helin
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jozef Gecz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucia Altucci
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Miano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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55
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Maes T, Mascaró C, Rotllant D, Lufino MMP, Estiarte A, Guibourt N, Cavalcanti F, Griñan-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Nadal R, Armario A, Ferrer I, Ortega A, Valls N, Fyfe M, Martinell M, Castro Palomino JC, Buesa Arjol C. Modulation of KDM1A with vafidemstat rescues memory deficit and behavioral alterations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233468. [PMID: 32469975 PMCID: PMC7259601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription disequilibria are characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. The activity-evoked transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs), important for neuronal plasticity, memory and behavior, is altered in CNS diseases and governed by epigenetic modulation. KDM1A, a histone 3 lysine 4 demethylase that forms part of transcription regulation complexes, has been implicated in the control of IEG transcription. Here we report the development of vafidemstat (ORY-2001), a brain penetrant inhibitor of KDM1A and MAOB. ORY-2001 efficiently inhibits brain KDM1A at doses suitable for long term treatment, and corrects memory deficit as assessed in the novel object recognition testing in the Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) model for accelerated aging and Alzheimer's disease. Comparison with a selective KDM1A or MAOB inhibitor reveals that KDM1A inhibition is key for efficacy. ORY-2001 further corrects behavior alterations including aggression and social interaction deficits in SAMP8 mice and social avoidance in the rat rearing isolation model. ORY-2001 increases the responsiveness of IEGs, induces genes required for cognitive function and reduces a neuroinflammatory signature in SAMP8 mice. Multiple genes modulated by ORY-2001 are differentially expressed in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Most strikingly, the amplifier of inflammation S100A9 is highly expressed in LOAD and in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, and down-regulated by ORY-2001. ORY-2001 is currently in multiple Phase IIa studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Maes
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Griñan-Ferré
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patologica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Valls
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Matthew Fyfe
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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56
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Chouliaras L, Kumar GS, Thomas AJ, Lunnon K, Chinnery PF, O'Brien JT. Epigenetic regulation in the pathophysiology of Lewy body dementia. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 192:101822. [PMID: 32407744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lewy body dementia encompasses both dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. Although both are common causes of dementia, they remain relatively understudied. The review summarises the clinico-pathologic characteristics of Lewy Body dementia and discusses the genetic and environmental evidence contributing to the risk of developing the condition. Considering that the pathophysiology of Lewy body dementia is not yet fully understood, here we focus on the role of epigenetic mechanisms as potential key mediators of gene-environment interactions in the development of the disease. We examine available important data on genomics, epigenomics, gene expression and proteomic studies in Lewy body dementia on human post-mortem brain and peripheral tissues. Genetic variation and epigenetic modifications in key genes involved in the disorder, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE), α-synuclein (SNCA) and glucocerobrosidase (GBA), suggest a central involvement of epigenetics in DLB but conclusive evidence is scarce. This is due to limitations of existing literature, such as small sample sizes, lack of replication and lack of studies interrogating cell-type specific epigenetic modifications in the brain. Future research in the field can improve the understanding of this common but complex and rapidly progressing type of dementia and potentially open early diagnostic and effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautham S Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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57
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Gao J, Liao Y, Qiu M, Shen W. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Neural Stem Cell Homeostasis and Neurological Diseases. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:58-72. [PMID: 32242761 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420914509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) maintain the ability of self-renewal and differentiation and compose the complex nervous system. Wnt signaling is thought to control the balance of NSC proliferation and differentiation via the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin during brain development and adult tissue homeostasis. Disruption of Wnt signaling may result in developmental defects and neurological diseases. Here, we summarize recent findings of the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components in NSC homeostasis for the regulation of functional brain circuits. We also suggest that the potential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might lead to new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, including, but not limited to, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,College of Life and Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,College of Life and Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanhua Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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58
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonism in neuroinflammation, neuroprotection and epigenetic regulation: potential therapeutic implications for severe psychiatric disorders treatment. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 30:39-48. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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59
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Sirtuin 2 Inhibition Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Developing Rats via Modulating Microglial Activation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:437-446. [PMID: 31713761 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric medicine that has been reported to have deleterious effects on the developing brain. Strategies to mitigate these detrimental effects are lacking. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases involved in a wide range of pathophysiological processes. SIRT2 inhibition has emerged as a promising treatment for an array of neurological disorders. However, the direct effects of SIRT2 on anesthesia-induced damage to the immature brain are unclear. Neonatal rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane or 30% oxygen for 2 h daily with or without SIRT2 inhibitor AK7 pretreatment from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P9. One cohort of rats were euthanized 6, 12, and/or 24 h after the last gas exposure, and brain tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis and/or immunohistochemical examination. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the open field and Morris water maze tests on P25 and P28-32, respectively. SIRT2 was significantly up-regulated in neonatal rat hippocampus at 6 and 12 h post-anesthesia. Pretreatment with SIRT2 inhibitor AK7 reversed sevoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairments. Furthermore, AK7 administration mitigated sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and microglial activation. Concomitantly, AK7 inhibited pro-inflammatory/M1-related markers and increased anti-inflammatory/M2-related markers in microglia. AK7 might prevent sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by switching microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype. Downregulation of SIRT2 may be a novel therapeutic target for alleviating anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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60
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Seira O, Wang W, Lee S, Roskams J, Tetzlaff W. HDAC inhibition leads to age-dependent opposite regenerative effect upon PTEN deletion in rubrospinal axons after SCI. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:99-109. [PMID: 32171589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes associated with aging have been linked to functional and cognitive deficits in the adult CNS. Histone acetylation is involved in the control of the transcription of plasticity and regeneration-associated genes. The intrinsic axon growth capacity in the CNS is negatively regulated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten). Inhibition of Pten is an effective method to stimulate axon growth following an injury to the optic nerve, corticospinal tract (CST), and rubrospinal tract (RST). Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the deletion of Pten in aged animals diminishes the regenerative capacity in rubrospinal neurons. We hypothesize that changes in the chromatin structure might contribute to this age-associated decline. Here, we assessed whether Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, reverses the decline in regeneration in aged Ptenf/f mice. We demonstrate that HDAC inhibition induces changes in the expression of GAP43 in both young and aged Ptenf/f mice. The regenerative capacity of the RST did not improve significantly in young mice, neither their motor function on the horizontal ladder or cylinder test after TSA treatment for 7 days. Interestingly, TSA treatment in the aged mice worsened their motor function deficits, suggesting that the systemic treatment with TSA might have an overall adverse effect on motor recovery after SCI in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sharon Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane Roskams
- Life Sciences Centre and Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Neurosurgery University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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61
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Williams T, Borchelt DR, Chakrabarty P. Therapeutic approaches targeting Apolipoprotein E function in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:8. [PMID: 32005122 PMCID: PMC6995170 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the presence of the Ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE). APOE is a polymorphic lipoprotein that is a major cholesterol carrier in the brain. It is also involved in various cellular functions such as neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation and glucose metabolism. Humans predominantly possess three different allelic variants of APOE, termed E2, E3, and E4, with the E3 allele being the most common. The presence of the E4 allele is associated with increased risk of AD whereas E2 reduces the risk. To understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie APOE-related genetic risk, considerable effort has been devoted towards developing cellular and animal models. Data from these models indicate that APOE4 exacerbates amyloid β plaque burden in a dose-dependent manner. and may also enhance tau pathogenesis in an isoform-dependent manner. Other studies have suggested APOE4 increases the risk of AD by mechanisms that are distinct from modulation of Aβ or tau pathology. Further, whether plasma APOE, by influencing systemic metabolic pathways, can also possibly alter CNS function indirectly is not complete;y understood. Collectively, the available studies suggest that APOE may impact multiple signaling pathways and thus investigators have sought therapeutics that would disrupt pathological functions of APOE while preserving or enhancing beneficial functions. This review will highlight some of the therapeutic strategies that are currently being pursued to target APOE4 towards preventing or treating AD and we will discuss additional strategies that holds promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosha Williams
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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62
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Zhang MJ, Zhao QC, Xia MX, Chen J, Chen YT, Cao X, Liu Y, Yuan ZQ, Wang XY, Xu Y. The HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 ameliorated ischemic brain damage by downregulating the AIM2 inflammasome. FASEB J 2019; 34:648-662. [PMID: 31914678 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900394rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases 3 (HDAC3) modulates the acetylation state of histone and non-histone proteins and could be a powerful regulator of the inflammatory process in stroke. Inflammasome activation is a ubiquitous but poorly understood consequence of acute ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the potential contributions of HDAC3 to inflammasome activation in primary cultured microglia and experimental stroke models. In this study, we documented that HDAC3 expression was increased in microglia of mouse experimental stroke model. Intraperitoneal injection of RGFP966 (a selective inhibitor of HDAC3) decreased infarct size and alleviated neurological deficits after the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In vitro data indicated that LPS stimulation evoked a time-dependent increase of HDAC3 and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome in primary cultured microglia. Interestingly, AIM2 was subjected to spatiotemporal regulation by RGFP966. The ability of RGFP966 to inhibit the AIM2 inflammasome was confirmed in an experimental mouse model of stroke. As expected, AIM2 knockout mice also demonstrated significant resistance to ischemia injury compared with their wild-type littermates. RGFP966 failed to exhibit extra protective effects in AIM2-/- stroke mice. Furthermore, we found that RGFP966 enhanced STAT1 acetylation and subsequently attenuated STAT1 phosphorylation, which may at least partially contributed to the negative regulation of AIM2 by RGFP966. Together, we initially found that RGFP966 alleviated the inflammatory response and protected against ischemic stroke by regulating the AIM2 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Xu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Yuan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
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63
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Reddy RG, Surineni G, Bhattacharya D, Marvadi SK, Sagar A, Kalle AM, Kumar A, Kantevari S, Chakravarty S. Crafting Carbazole-Based Vorinostat and Tubastatin-A-like Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors with Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroactive Functions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17279-17294. [PMID: 31656902 PMCID: PMC6811854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) induce hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins and have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in most animal models tested. The established HDACi vorinostat and tubastatin-A alleviate neurodegenerative and behavioral conditions in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders restoring the neurotrophic milieu. In spite of the neuroactive pharmacological role of HDACi (vorinostat and tubastatin-A), they are limited by efficacy and toxicity. Considering these limitations and concern, we have designed novel compounds 3-11 as potential HDACi based on the strategic crafting of the key pharmacophoric elements of vorinostat and tubastatin-A into architecting a single molecule. The molecules 3-11 were synthesized through a multistep reaction sequence starting from carbazole and were fully characterized by NMR and mass spectral analysis. The novel molecules 3-11 showed remarkable pan HDAC inhibition and the potential to increase the levels of acetyl H3 and acetyl tubulin. In addition, few novel HDAC inhibitors 4-8, 10, and 11 exhibited significant neurite outgrowth-promoting activity with no observable cytotoxic effects, and interestingly, compound 5 has shown comparably more neurite growth than the parent compounds vorinostat and tubastatin-A. Also, compound 5 was evaluated for possible mood-elevating effects in a chronic unpredictable stress model of Zebrafish. It showed potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in the novel tank test and social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, the potent in vitro and in vivo neuroactive compound 5 has shown selectivity for class II over class I HDACs. Our results suggest that the novel carbazole-based HDAC inhibitors, crafted with vorinostat and tubastatin-A pharmacophoric moieties, have potent neurite outgrowth activity and potential to be developed as therapeutics to treat depression and related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gajendra Reddy
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Goverdhan Surineni
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Marvadi
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arpita Sagar
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arunasree M. Kalle
- Department
of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied
Biology Division and Fluoro and Agrochemical Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, India
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64
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Preparation of a new construct of human histone deacetylase 8 for the crystallization of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Methods Enzymol 2019. [PMID: 31606091 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The metal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical regulatory enzymes that modulate myriad cellular processes. Implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other clinical disorders, various HDAC isozymes serve as validated drug targets. However, structural similarities among the HDAC isozymes challenge efforts in targeting a single isozyme for therapeutic intervention with an inhibitor. X-ray crystallography remains the premiere technique for studying the chemistry of isozyme-selective inhibition. While crystal structures of many HDAC-inhibitor complexes have been determined, especially with the class I isozyme HDAC8, the study of complexes with large inhibitors is complicated by flexible regions of the protein structure that can hinder crystallization. Here, we outline an approach for the identification of regions in HDAC8 that may hinder crystallization. We also describe protocols for the design and preparation of a truncated HDAC8 construct, HDAC8374, that enabled the successful crystallization and structure determination of the HDAC8-Trapoxin A complex at 1.24Å resolution.
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65
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The Neuroprotective Effect of the HDAC2/3 Inhibitor MI192 on the Penumbra After Photothrombotic Stroke in the Mouse Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:239-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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66
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Wu Y, Dou J, Wan X, Leng Y, Liu X, Chen L, Shen Q, Zhao B, Meng Q, Hou J. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats by Inhibiting Hippocampal Neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2019; 417:70-80. [PMID: 31430527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in the hippocampus plays essential roles in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently been identified as key regulators of neuroinflammation. MS-275, an inhibitor of HDAC, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with MS-275 prevents POCD by inhibiting neuroinflammation in rats. In this study, anesthesia/surgery impaired cognition, demonstrated by an increase escape latency and reduction in the number of platform crossings in Morris water maze (MWM) trials, through activating microglia neuroinflammation and decreasing PSD-95 expression. However, pretreatment with MS-275 attenuated postoperative cognitive impairment severity. Furthermore, pretreatment with MS-275 decreased activated microglia levels and increased PSD95 protein expression in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with MS-275 reduced NF-κB-p65 protein expression and nuclear accumulation as well as the neuroinflammatory response (production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β) in the hippocampus. Additionally, MS-275 reduced HDAC2 expression and HDAC activity in the hippocampus, which were enhanced in vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that MS-275 alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats via HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Dou
- Sterilization and Supply Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Operating Room, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuke Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianni Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, P.O. Box 430060, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China.
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67
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Demyanenko S, Berezhnaya E, Neginskaya M, Rodkin S, Dzreyan V, Pitinova M. Сlass II histone deacetylases in the post-stroke recovery period-expression, cellular, and subcellular localization-promising targets for neuroprotection. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19590-19609. [PMID: 31264264 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors can protect nerve cells after a stroke, but it is unclear which HDAC isoform is involved in this effect. We studied cellular and intracellular rearrangement of class II HDACs at late periods after photothrombotic infarct (PTI) in the mouse sensorimotor cortex in the tissue surrounding the ischemia core and in the corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere. We observed a decrease in HDAC4 in cortical neurons and an increase in its nuclear translocation. HDAC6 expression in neurons was also increased. Moreover, HDAC6-positive cells had elevated apoptosis. Tubostatin A (Tub A)-induced decrease in the activity of HDAC6 restored acetylation of α-tubulin during the early poststroke recovery period and reduced apoptosis of nerve cells thus protecting the brain tissue. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 elevated expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), which remained high up to 14 days after stroke and promoted axogenesis and recovery from the PTI-induced neurological deficit. Selective HDAC6 inhibitor Tub A markedly reduced neuronal death and increased acetylation of α-tubulin and the level of GAP43. Thus, HDAC6 inhibition could be a promising strategy for modulation of brain recovery as it can increase the intensity and reduce the duration of reparation processes in the brain after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Elena Berezhnaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rodkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Valentina Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Maria Pitinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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68
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Maejima H, Inoue T, Takamatsu Y. Therapeutic exercise accompanied by neuronal modulation to enhance neurotrophic factors in the brain with central nervous system disorders. Phys Ther Res 2019; 22:38-43. [PMID: 31289711 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.r0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a primary therapeutic regimen in physical therapy to rehabilitate the motor function of patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Furthermore, exercise positively contributes to cognitive function related to neuroplasticity and neuroprotection in the hippocampus. Neurotrophins play a crucial role in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection in the CNS. Exercise enhances the expression of neurotrophins in the brain. Thus, novel regimens for kinesiotherapy in CNS disorders to further enhance exercise-induced expression are expected. In this review, we described three novel regimens for kinesiotherapy in CNS disorders based on the interaction between exercise and pharmacological treatment with the idea of "inhibition of inhibition" in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yasuyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
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69
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Demyanenko S, Uzdensky A. Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Photothrombotic Stroke in the Rat Cerebral Cortex: Deacetylation of Histone h3, Upregulation of Histone Deacetylases and Histone Acetyltransferases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2882. [PMID: 31200484 PMCID: PMC6627403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic penumbra that surrounds a stroke-induced infarction core is potentially salvageable; however, mechanisms of its formation are not well known. Covalent modifications of histones control chromatin conformation, gene expression and protein synthesis. To study epigenetic processes in ischemic penumbra, we used photothrombotic stroke (PTS), a stroke model in which laser irradiation of the rat brain cortex photosensitized by Rose Bengal induces local vessel occlusion. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy showed decrease in acetylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 in penumbra at 1, 4 or 24 h after PTS. This was associated with upregulation of histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2, but not HDAC4, which did not localize in the nuclei. HDAC2 was found in cell nuclei, HDAC4 in the cytoplasm and HDAC1 both in nuclei and cytoplasm. Histone acetyltransferases HAT1 and PCAF (p300/CBP associated factor) that acetylated histone H3 synthesis were also upregulated, but lesser and later. PTS increased localization of HDAC2 and HAT1 in astroglia. Thus, the cell fate in PTS-induced penumbra is determined by the balance between opposite tendencies leading either to histone acetylation and stimulation of gene expression, or to deacetylation and suppression of transcriptional processes and protein biosynthesis. These epigenetic proteins may be the potential targets for anti-stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky ave., Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia.
| | - Anatoly Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky ave., Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia.
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70
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Gadecka A, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061251. [PMID: 31159371 PMCID: PMC6628342 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is getting ageing. Both ageing and age-related diseases are correlated with an increased number of senescent cells in the organism. Senescent cells do not divide but are metabolically active and influence their environment by secreting many proteins due to a phenomenon known as senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells differ from young cells by several features. They possess more damaged DNA, more impaired mitochondria and an increased level of free radicals that cause the oxidation of macromolecules. However, not only biochemical and structural changes are related to senescence. Senescent cells have an altered chromatin structure, and in consequence, altered gene expression. With age, the level of heterochromatin decreases, and less condensed chromatin is more prone to DNA damage. On the one hand, some gene promoters are easily available for the transcriptional machinery; on the other hand, some genes are more protected (locally increased level of heterochromatin). The structure of chromatin is precisely regulated by the epigenetic modification of DNA and posttranslational modification of histones. The methylation of DNA inhibits transcription, histone methylation mostly leads to a more condensed chromatin structure (with some exceptions) and acetylation plays an opposing role. The modification of both DNA and histones is regulated by factors present in the diet. This means that compounds contained in daily food can alter gene expression and protect cells from senescence, and therefore protect the organism from ageing. An opinion prevailed for some time that compounds from the diet do not act through direct regulation of the processes in the organism but through modification of the physiology of the microbiome. In this review we try to explain the role of some food compounds, which by acting on the epigenetic level might protect the organism from age-related diseases and slow down ageing. We also try to shed some light on the role of microbiome in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gadecka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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71
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Sodium valproate rescues expression of TRANK1 in iPSC-derived neural cells that carry a genetic variant associated with serious mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:613-624. [PMID: 30135510 PMCID: PMC6894932 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological characterization of genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains a substantial challenge. Here we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their neural derivatives to characterize common variants on chromosome 3p22 that have been associated by GWAS with major mental illnesses. IPSC-derived neural progenitor cells carrying the risk allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9834970, displayed lower baseline TRANK1 expression that was rescued by chronic treatment with therapeutic dosages of valproic acid (VPA). VPA had the greatest effects on TRANK1 expression in iPSC, NPC, and astrocytes. Although rs9834970 has no known function, we demonstrated that a nearby SNP, rs906482, strongly affects binding by the transcription factor, CTCF, and that the high-affinity allele usually occurs on haplotypes carrying the rs9834970 risk allele. Decreased expression of TRANK1 perturbed expression of many genes involved in neural development and differentiation. These findings have important implications for the pathophysiology of major mental illnesses and the development of novel therapeutics.
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72
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Histone deacetylase 3 inhibitors in learning and memory processes with special emphasis on benzamides. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:369-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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73
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Wang Y, Hu Y, Wu Z, Su Y, Ba Y, Zhang H, Li X, Cheng X, Li W, Huang H. Latent role of in vitro Pb exposure in blocking Aβ clearance and triggering epigenetic modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:14-23. [PMID: 30593950 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Both β-amyloid (Aβ) catabolism and epigenetic regulation play critical roles in the onset of neurodegeneration. The latter also contribute to Pb neurotoxicity. The present study explored the role of epigenetic modifiers and Aβ degradation enzymes in Pb-induced latent effects on Aβ overproduction in vitro. Our results indicated that in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Pb, the expression of NEP and IDE remained declined during the recovery period, accompanied with abnormal increase of Aβ1-42 and amyloid oligomer. A disruption of selective global post-translational histone modifiers including the decrease of H3K9ac and H4K12ac and the induction of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 dose dependently was also showed in recovery cells. Moreover, histone deacetylase inhibitor VPA could attenuate latent Aβ accumulation and HDAC activity induced by Pb, which might be by regulating the expression of NEP and IDE epigenetically. Overall, our results suggest sustained reduction of NEP and IDE expression in response to Pb sensitizes recovery SH-SY5Y cells to Aβ accumulation; however, administration of VPA is demonstrated to be beneficial in modulating Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yazhen Hu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zuntao Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanbin Su
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yue Ba
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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74
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Yu L, Liu Y, Jin Y, Cao X, Chen J, Jin J, Gu Y, Bao X, Ren Z, Xu Y, Zhu X. Lentivirus-Mediated HDAC3 Inhibition Attenuates Oxidative Stress in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:1411-1424. [PMID: 29376873 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces a burst of oxidative stress and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous results have shown that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibition ameliorates spatial memory deficits and decreases the Aβ burden in the brains of 9-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. In this study, we investigated the role of HDAC3 inhibition in oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro models of AD. HDAC3 was detected mainly in the neurons, and HDAC3 inhibition significantly decreased reactive oxygen species generation and improved primary cortical neuron viability. In addition, HDAC3 inhibition attenuated spatial memory dysfunction in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, and decreased the apoptotic rate in the hippocampi as demonstrated by TUNEL staining. HDAC3 inhibition also reduced markers of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA/RNA oxidation in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, HDAC3 inhibition inactivated the c-Abl/MST1/YAP signaling pathway in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our data show that HDAC3 inhibition can attenuate spatial memory deficits and inhibit oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice; these results indicate a potential strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexinzi Jin
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoying Ren
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
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75
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Sartor GC, Malvezzi AM, Kumar A, Andrade NS, Wiedner HJ, Vilca SJ, Janczura KJ, Bagheri A, Al-Ali H, Powell SK, Brown PT, Volmar CH, Foster TC, Zeier Z, Wahlestedt C. Enhancement of BDNF Expression and Memory by HDAC Inhibition Requires BET Bromodomain Reader Proteins. J Neurosci 2019; 39:612-626. [PMID: 30504275 PMCID: PMC6343644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1604-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may have therapeutic utility in multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify BRD4, a BET bromodomain reader of acetyl-lysine histones, as an essential component involved in potentiated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and memory following HDAC inhibition. In in vitro studies, we reveal that pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 reversed the increase in BDNF mRNA induced by the class I/IIb HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Knock-down of HDAC2 and HDAC3, but not other HDACs, increased BDNF mRNA expression, whereas knock-down of BRD4 blocked these effects. Using dCas9-BRD4, locus-specific targeting of BRD4 to the BDNF promoter increased BDNF mRNA. In additional studies, RGFP966, a pharmacological inhibitor of HDAC3, elevated BDNF expression and BRD4 binding to the BDNF promoter, effects that were abrogated by JQ1 (an inhibitor of BRD4). Examining known epigenetic targets of BRD4 and HDAC3, we show that H4K5ac and H4K8ac modifications and H4K5ac enrichment at the BDNF promoter were elevated following RGFP966 treatment. In electrophysiological studies, JQ1 reversed RGFP966-induced enhancement of LTP in hippocampal slice preparations. Last, in behavioral studies, RGFP966 increased subthreshold novel object recognition memory and cocaine place preference in male C57BL/6 mice, effects that were reversed by cotreatment with JQ1. Together, these data reveal that BRD4 plays a key role in HDAC3 inhibitor-induced potentiation of BDNF expression, neuroplasticity, and memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Some histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to have neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing properties, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we reveal that BRD4, an epigenetic reader of histone acetylation marks, is necessary for enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improved memory following HDAC inhibition. Therefore, by identifying novel epigenetic regulators of BDNF expression, these data may lead to new therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Sartor
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136,
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Andrea M Malvezzi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Nadja S Andrade
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Hannah J Wiedner
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Samantha J Vilca
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Karolina J Janczura
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Samuel K Powell
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Peyton T Brown
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Claude H Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136,
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76
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Yang F, Zhao N, Ge D, Chen Y. Next-generation of selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19571-19583. [PMID: 35519364 PMCID: PMC9065321 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated epigenetic drug targets for cancer treatment. HDACs inhibitors (HDACis) have been successfully applied against a series of cancers. First-generation inhibitors are mainly pan-HDACis that target multiple isoforms which might lead to serious side effects. At present, the next-generation HDACis are mainly focused on being class- or isoform-selective which can provide improved risk–benefit profiles compared to non-selective inhibitors. Because of the rapid development in next-generation HDACis, it is necessary to have an updated and state-of-the-art overview. Here, we summarize the strategies and achievements of the selective HDACis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated epigenetic drug targets for cancer treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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77
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G. Béroule D. Autism-modifying therapy based on the promotion of a brain enzyme: An introductory case-report. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2019.3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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78
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Porter NJ, Osko JD, Diedrich D, Kurz T, Hooker JM, Hansen FK, Christianson DW. Histone Deacetylase 6-Selective Inhibitors and the Influence of Capping Groups on Hydroxamate-Zinc Denticity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8054-8060. [PMID: 30118224 PMCID: PMC6136958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Four crystal structures are presented of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) complexes with para-substituted phenylhydromaxamate inhibitors, including bulky peptoids. These structures provide insight regarding the design of capping groups that confer selectivity for binding to HDAC6, specifically with regard to interactions in a pocket formed by the L1 loop. Capping group interactions may also influence hydroxamate-Zn2+ coordination with monodentate or bidentate geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Porter
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Daniela Diedrich
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
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79
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Wu Z, Zhao P. Epigenetic Alterations in Anesthesia-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 30108514 PMCID: PMC6079265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Before birth and early in life, the developing brain is particularly sensitive to environmental and pharmacological influences. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that an association exists between exposure to anesthesia during a vulnerable period of brain development and subsequent poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Epigenetics, broadly defined as the regulation of gene expression without alterations of DNA sequence, has become a field of tremendous interest in neuroscience. In recent years, a growing body of literature suggests that anesthesia-induced long-term changes in gene transcription and functional deficits in learning and behavior later in life are mediated via epigenetic modifications. This brief review provides an overview of epigenetic mechanisms and highlights the emerging roles played by epigenetic dysfunctions in the processes of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Epigenetic targeting of DNA methyltransferases and/or histone deacetylases may have some therapeutic value. Epigenetics may lead to the identification of novel markers that contribute toward considerable translational significance in the field of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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80
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Abstract
Among the metal-dependent histone deacetylases, the class IIb isozyme HDAC6 is remarkable because of its role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the cytosol. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 results in microtubule hyperacetylation, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which is a validated strategy for cancer chemotherapy and the treatment of other disorders. HDAC6 inhibitors generally consist of a Zn2+-binding group such as a hydroxamate, a linker, and a capping group; the capping group is a critical determinant of isozyme selectivity. Surprisingly, however, even "capless" inhibitors exhibit appreciable HDAC6 selectivity. To probe the chemical basis for this selectivity, we now report high-resolution crystal structures of HDAC6 complexed with capless cycloalkyl hydroxamate inhibitors 1-4. Each inhibitor hydroxamate group coordinates to the catalytic Zn2+ ion with canonical bidentate geometry. Additionally, the olefin moieties of compounds 2 and 4 bind in an aromatic crevice between the side chains of F583 and F643. Reasoning that similar binding could be achieved in the representative class I isozyme HDAC8, we employed isothermal titration calorimetry to study the thermodynamics of inhibitor binding. These measurements indicate that the entropy of inhibitor binding is generally positive for binding to HDAC6 and negative for binding to HDAC8, resulting in ≤313-fold selectivity for binding to HDAC6 relative to HDAC8. Thus, favorable binding entropy contributes to HDAC6 selectivity. Notably, cyclohexenyl hydroxamate 2 represents a promising lead for derivatization with capping groups that may further enhance its impressive 313-fold thermodynamic selectivity for HDAC6 inhibition.
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81
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Hou X, Weng Y, Wang T, Ouyang B, Li Y, Song Z, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Zou W, Huang C, Guo Q. Suppression of HDAC2 in Spinal Cord Alleviates Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Restores KCC2 Expression in a Rat Model of Bone Cancer Pain. Neuroscience 2018; 377:138-149. [PMID: 29482000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation participates in the mechanism of multiple types of pathological pain, so targeting the involved regulators may be a promising strategy for pain treatment. Our previous research identified the analgesic effect of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of bone cancer pain (BCP) via restoration of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression. However, the specific types of HDACs contributing to BCP have not been explored. The present study investigated the expression pattern of some common HDACs and found that HDAC2 was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner in the lumbar spinal cord of BCP rats. TSA application suppressed HDAC2 expression in cultured PC12 cells and reversed the augmented HDAC2 in BCP rats. An RNA-interfering strategy confirmed the essential role of HDAC2 in the modulation of mechanical hyperalgesia following tumor cell inoculation, and we further examined its possible downstream targets. Notably, HDAC2 knock-down did not restore MOR expression, but it robustly reversed the down-regulation of potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2). The impaired KCC2 expression is a vital mechanism of many types of pathological pain. Therefore, our results demonstrated that HDAC2 in spinal cord contributed to the mechanical hyperalgesia in BCP rats, and this effect may be associated with KCC2 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yingqi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Tongxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bihan Ouyang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yundan Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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82
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Xu MY, Wong AHC. GABAergic inhibitory neurons as therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:733-753. [PMID: 29565038 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered primarily as a cognitive disorder. However, functional outcomes in schizophrenia are limited by the lack of effective pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for cognitive impairment. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons are the main inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and they play a critical role in a variety of pathophysiological processes including modulation of cortical and hippocampal neural circuitry and activity, cognitive function-related neural oscillations (eg, gamma oscillations) and information integration and processing. Dysfunctional GABA interneuron activity can disrupt the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the cortex, which could represent a core pathophysiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that selective modulation of the GABAergic system is a promising intervention for the treatment of schizophrenia-associated cognitive defects. In this review, we summarized evidence from postmortem and animal studies for abnormal GABAergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, and how altered GABA interneurons could disrupt neuronal oscillations. Next, we systemically reviewed a variety of up-to-date subtype-selective agonists, antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators (including dual allosteric modulators) for α5/α3/α2 GABAA and GABAB receptors, and summarized their pro-cognitive effects in animal behavioral tests and clinical trials. Finally, we also discuss various representative histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors that target GABA system through epigenetic modulations, GABA prodrug and presynaptic GABA transporter inhibitors. This review provides important information on current potential GABA-associated therapies and future insights for development of more effective treatments.
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83
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The Process and Strategy for Developing Selective Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030551. [PMID: 29498635 PMCID: PMC6017514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic drug targets that have gained major scientific attention. Inhibition of these important regulatory enzymes is used to treat cancer, and has the potential to treat a host of other diseases. However, currently marketed HDAC inhibitors lack selectivity for the various HDAC isoenzymes. Several studies have shown that HDAC3, in particular, plays an important role in inflammation and degenerative neurological diseases, but the development of selective HDAC3 inhibitors has been challenging. This review provides an up-to-date overview of selective HDAC3 inhibitors, and aims to support the development of novel HDAC3 inhibitors in the future.
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84
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Shu G, Kramár EA, López AJ, Huynh G, Wood MA, Kwapis JL. Deleting HDAC3 rescues long-term memory impairments induced by disruption of the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling subunit BAF53b. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:109-114. [PMID: 29449454 PMCID: PMC5817283 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046920.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic mechanisms, including histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling, are known to be involved in long-term memory formation. Enhancing histone acetylation by deleting histone deacetylases, like HDAC3, typically enhances long-term memory formation. In contrast, disrupting nucleosome remodeling by blocking the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling subunit BAF53b impairs long-term memory. Here, we show that deleting HDAC3 can ameliorate the impairments in both long-term memory and synaptic plasticity caused by BAF53b mutation. This suggests a dynamic interplay exists between histone acetylation/deacetylation and nucleosome remodeling mechanisms in the regulation of memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Shu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Enikö A Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Alberto J López
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Grace Huynh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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85
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Zhao B, Liu L, Leng Y, Yuan Q, Hou J, Wu Y, Gao W. The role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in regulation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in mice following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 32:862-872. [PMID: 29160373 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170100000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the neuroprotective effect of TSA on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is mediated by the activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=15): sham group (S); ischemia reperfusion group (IR); ischemia reperfusion and pretreated with TSA group (IR+T); ischemia reperfusion and pretreated with TSA and LY294002 group (IR+T+L). The model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established by 1h of MCAO following 24h of reperfusion. TSA (5mg/kg) was intraperitoneally given for 3 days before MCAO, Akt inhibitor, LY294002 (15 nmol/kg) was injected by tail vein 30 min before the MCAO. RESULTS TSA significantly increased the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK-3β proteins and the levels of SOD, Bcl-2, reduced the infarct volume and the levels of MDA, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, Caspase-3, TUNEL and attenuated neurological deficit in mice with transient MCAO, LY294002 weakened such effect of TSA dramatically. CONCLUSIONS TSA could significantly decrease the neurological deficit and reduce the cerebral infarct volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as apoptosis during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, which was achieved by activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Doctor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Lian Liu
- Master of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, critical revision
| | - Yan Leng
- Doctor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Quan Yuan
- Master of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Master of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Yang Wu
- Doctor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Doctor of Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. Design and supervised all phases of the study
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86
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Xu L, Xing Q, Huang T, Zhou J, Liu T, Cui Y, Cheng T, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yang B, Yang GL, Zhang J, Zang X, Ma S, Guan F. HDAC1 Silence Promotes Neuroprotective Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury via PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:498. [PMID: 30662396 PMCID: PMC6328439 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI), but low efficiency of survival and differentiation of transplanted stem cells limits its clinical application. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) plays important roles in self-renewal of stem cells as well as the recovery of brain disorders. However, little is known about the effects of HDAC1 on the survival and efficacy of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in vivo. In this study, our results showed that HDAC1 silence promoted hUC-MSCs engraftment in the hippocampus and increased the neuroprotective effects of hUC-MSCs in TBI mouse model, which was accompanied by improved neurological function, enhanced neurogenesis, decreased neural apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the expressions of phosphorylated PTEN (p-PTEN), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) were upregulated. Intriguingly, the neuroprotective effects of hUC-MSCs with HDAC1 silence on behavioral performance of TBI mice was markedly attenuated by LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that hUC-MSCs transplantation with HDAC1 silence may provide a potential strategy for treating TBI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qu Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tuanjie Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiankang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinkui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jiewen Zhang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shanshan Ma Fangxia Guan
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shanshan Ma Fangxia Guan
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87
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Good KV, Martínez de Paz A, Tyagi M, Cheema MS, Thambirajah AA, Gretzinger TL, Stefanelli G, Chow RL, Krupke O, Hendzel M, Missiaen K, Underhill A, Landsberger N, Ausió J. Trichostatin A decreases the levels of MeCP2 expression and phosphorylation and increases its chromatin binding affinity. Epigenetics 2017; 12:934-944. [PMID: 29099289 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1380760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA in a chromatin context and has an important role in cancer and brain development and function. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently being used to palliate many cancer and neurological disorders. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved are not well known for the most part and, in particular, the relationship between histone acetylation and MeCP2 is not well understood. In this paper, we study the effect of the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on MeCP2, a protein whose dysregulation plays an important role in these diseases. We find that treatment of cells with TSA decreases the phosphorylation state of this protein and appears to result in a higher MeCP2 chromatin binding affinity. Yet, the binding dynamics with which the protein binds to DNA appear not to be significantly affected despite the chromatin reorganization resulting from the high levels of acetylation. HDAC inhibition also results in an overall decrease in MeCP2 levels of different cell lines. Moreover, we show that miR132 increases upon TSA treatment, and is one of the players involved in the observed downregulation of MeCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina V Good
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Alexia Martínez de Paz
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Monica Tyagi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Manjinder S Cheema
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Anita A Thambirajah
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada.,b Douglas Hospital Research Center , Department of Psychiatry , McGill University , Montréal , Québec H3G 1Y6 , Canada
| | - Taylor L Gretzinger
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- c Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Robert L Chow
- d Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Oliver Krupke
- d Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Michael Hendzel
- e Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.,f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Kristal Missiaen
- f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Alan Underhill
- f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- c Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Juan Ausió
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
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88
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate myriad cellular processes by catalyzing the hydrolysis of acetyl-l-lysine residues in histone and nonhistone proteins. The Zn2+-dependent class IIb enzyme HDAC6 regulates microtubule function by deacetylating α-tubulin, which suppresses microtubule dynamics and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Accordingly, HDAC6 is a target for the development of selective inhibitors that might be useful in new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders. Here, we present high-resolution structures of catalytic domain 2 from Danio rerio HDAC6 (henceforth simply "HDAC6") complexed with compounds that selectively inhibit HDAC6 while maintaining nanomolar inhibitory potency: N-hydroxy-4-[(N(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylacetamido)methyl)-benzamide)] (HPB), ACY-1215 (Ricolinostat), and ACY-1083. These structures reveal that an unusual monodentate Zn2+ coordination mode is exploited by sterically bulky HDAC6-selective phenylhydroxamate inhibitors. We additionally report the ultrahigh-resolution structure of the HDAC6-trichostatin A complex, which reveals two Zn2+-binding conformers for the inhibitor: a major conformer (70%) with canonical bidentate hydroxamate-Zn2+ coordination geometry and a minor conformer (30%) with monodentate hydroxamate-Zn2+ coordination geometry, reflecting a free energy difference of only 0.5 kcal/mol. The minor conformer is not visible in lower resolution structure determinations. Structural comparisons of HDAC6-inhibitor complexes with class I HDACs suggest active site features that contribute to the isozyme selectivity observed in biochemical assays.
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89
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Ganai SA, Abdullah E, Rashid R, Altaf M. Combinatorial In Silico Strategy towards Identifying Potential Hotspots during Inhibition of Structurally Identical HDAC1 and HDAC2 Enzymes for Effective Chemotherapy against Neurological Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:357. [PMID: 29170627 PMCID: PMC5684606 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate epigenetic gene expression programs by modulating chromatin architecture and are required for neuronal development. Dysregulation of HDACs and aberrant chromatin acetylation homeostasis have been implicated in various diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative disorders. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), the small molecules interfering HDACs have shown enhanced acetylation of the genome and are gaining great attention as potent drugs for treating cancer and neurodegeneration. HDAC2 overexpression has implications in decreasing dendrite spine density, synaptic plasticity and in triggering neurodegenerative signaling. Pharmacological intervention against HDAC2 though promising also targets neuroprotective HDAC1 due to high sequence identity (94%) with former in catalytic domain, culminating in debilitating off-target effects and creating hindrance in the defined intervention. This emphasizes the need of designing HDAC2-selective inhibitors to overcome these vicious effects and for escalating the therapeutic efficacy. Here we report a top-down combinatorial in silico approach for identifying the structural variants that are substantial for interactions against HDAC1 and HDAC2 enzymes. We used extra-precision (XP)-molecular docking, Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) for predicting affinity of inhibitors against the HDAC1 and HDAC2 enzymes. Importantly, we employed a novel in silico strategy of coupling the state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to energetically-optimized structure based pharmacophores (e-Pharmacophores) method via MDS trajectory clustering for hypothesizing the e-Pharmacophore models. Further, we performed e-Pharmacophores based virtual screening against phase database containing millions of compounds. We validated the data by performing the molecular docking and MM-GBSA studies for the selected hits among the retrieved ones. Our studies attributed inhibitor potency to the ability of forming multiple interactions and infirm potency to least interactions. Moreover, our studies delineated that a single HDAC inhibitor portrays differential features against HDAC1 and HDAC2 enzymes. The high affinity and selective HDAC2 inhibitors retrieved through e-Pharmacophores based virtual screening will play a critical role in ameliorating neurodegenerative signaling without hampering the neuroprotective isoform (HDAC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ehsaan Abdullah
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Romana Rashid
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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90
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HDAC inhibitors: A new promising drug class in anti-aging research. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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91
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麦 汉, 姜 涛, 张 爱, 吕 田, 杨 灿, 覃 偲. [Expression of HDAC9 in different brain regions in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:812-816. [PMID: 28669958 PMCID: PMC6744151 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.06.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and the subcellular localization of HDAC9 in different brain regions of mice after cerebral ischemic injury and explore the association between HDAC9 and ischemic stroke. METHODS Twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=9) and operated group (n=12). In the latter group, the mice with Zea-Longa neurological deficit scores of 2 or 3 following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were assigned into MCAO group (n=9). Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate the subcellular localization of HDAC9 in the brain tissues on day 3 after MCAO. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of HDAC9 in different regions of the brain. Results Immunofluorescence showed more intense HDAC9 expressions in the brain tissues around the infarct focus, and in the cells surrounding the infarct, HDAC9 expression was obviously increased in the cytoplasm and reduced in the cell nuclei. Compared with the other brain regions, the ipsilesional cortex with MCAO showed more abundant HDAC9 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION HDAC9 may be closely related to cerebral ischemic injury and participate in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- 汉滔 麦
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科,广东 广州 510630Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 涛 姜
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科,广东 广州 510630Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 爱武 张
- 中山大学附属第一医院神经内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 田明 吕
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科,广东 广州 510630Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 灿洪 杨
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科,广东 广州 510630Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 偲偲 覃
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院神经内科,广东 广州 510630Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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92
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Woods JK, Ziafazeli T, Rogina B. The effects of reduced rpd3 levels on fly physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:169-179. [PMID: 28447071 PMCID: PMC5389049 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rpd3 is a conserved histone deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones and other proteins. Reduction or inhibition of Rpd3 extends longevity in yeast, worms, and flies. Previous studies in flies suggest an overlap with the mechanism of lifespan extension by dietary restriction. However, the mechanism of rpd3’s effects on longevity remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: In this study we investigated how rpd3 reduction affects fly spontaneous physical activity, fecundity, and stress resistance. METHODS: We examined the effects of rpd3 reduction on fly spontaneous physical activity by using population monitors, we determined female fecundity by counting daily egg laying, and we determined fly survivorship in response to starvation and paraquat. RESULTS: In flies, rpd3 reduction increases peak spontaneous physical activity of rpd3def male flies at a young age but does not affect total 24 hour activity. Male and female rpd3def mutants are more resistant to starvation on low and high calorie diets. In addition, increased resistance to paraquat was observed in females of one allele. A decrease in rpd3 levels does not affect female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in rpd3 levels mirrors some but not all changes associated with calorie restriction, illustrated by an increased peak of spontaneous activity in rpd3def/+ heterozygous male flies but no effect on total spontaneous activity and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K Woods
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tahereh Ziafazeli
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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93
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Zagni C, Floresta G, Monciino G, Rescifina A. The Search for Potent, Small-Molecule HDACIs in Cancer Treatment: A Decade After Vorinostat. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1373-1428. [PMID: 28181261 DOI: 10.1002/med.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in the remodeling of chromatin, and are involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In the last decade, inhibition of HDACs came out as a target for specific epigenetic changes associated with cancer and other diseases. Until now, more than 20 HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have entered clinical studies, and some of them (e.g., vorinostat, romidepsin) have been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This review provides an overview of current knowledge, progress, and molecular mechanisms of HDACIs, covering a period from 2011 until 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Monciino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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94
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Plant-derived flavone Apigenin: The small-molecule with promising activity against therapeutically resistant prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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95
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Woods JK, Rogina B. The effects of Rpd3 on fly metabolism, health, and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:124-128. [PMID: 26927903 PMCID: PMC5002259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of DNA structure and function is essential for changes in gene expression involved in development, growth, and maintenance of cellular function. Epigenetic changes include histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins have a major role in epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure. HDACs are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones, as well as a range of other proteins including transcriptional factors. HDACs are highly conserved proteins divided into two families and based on sequence similarity in four classes. Here we will discuss the roles of Rpd3 in physiology and longevity with emphasis on its role in flies. Rpd3, the Drosophila HDAC1 homolog, is a class I lysine deacetylase and a member of a large family of HDAC proteins. Rpd3 has multiple functions including control of proliferation, development, metabolism, and aging. Pharmacological and dietary HDAC inhibitors have been used as therapeutics in psychiatry, cancer, and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K Woods
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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96
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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97
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Ganai SA, Banday S, Farooq Z, Altaf M. Modulating epigenetic HAT activity for reinstating acetylation homeostasis: A promising therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:106-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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98
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Kimura A, Namekata K, Guo X, Harada C, Harada T. Neuroprotection, Growth Factors and BDNF-TrkB Signalling in Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091584. [PMID: 27657046 PMCID: PMC5037849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors play key roles in the development and survival of neurons. The potent neuroprotective effects of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), suggest that they are good therapeutic candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye that causes irreversible blindness. It is characterized by damage to the optic nerve, usually due to high intraocular pressure (IOP), and progressive degeneration of retinal neurons called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Current therapy for glaucoma focuses on reduction of IOP, but neuroprotection may also be beneficial. BDNF is a powerful neuroprotective agent especially for RGCs. Exogenous application of BDNF to the retina and increased BDNF expression in retinal neurons using viral vector systems are both effective in protecting RGCs from damage. Furthermore, induction of BDNF expression by agents such as valproic acid has also been beneficial in promoting RGC survival. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factors in retinal diseases and focus on the differential roles of glial and neuronal TrkB in neuroprotection. We also discuss the role of neurotrophic factors in neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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99
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Ganai SA. Histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat: the small-molecule with promising activity against therapeutically challenging haematological malignancies. J Chemother 2016; 28:247-54. [PMID: 27121910 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1145375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are counteracting epigenetic enzymes regulating the turnover of histone acetylation thereby regulating transcriptional events in a precise manner. Deregulation of histone acetylation caused by aberrant expression of HDACs plays a key role in tumour onset and progression making these enzymes as candidate targets for anticancer drugs and therapy. Small-molecules namely histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) modulating the biological function of HDACs have shown multiple biological effects including differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumour models. HDACi in general have been described in plethora of reviews with respect to various cancers. However, no review article is available describing thoroughly the role of inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357 or [6-(diethylaminomethyl) naphthalen-2-yl] methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl) phenyl] carbamate) in haematological malignancies. Thus, the present review explores the intricate role of novel inhibitor givinostat in the defined malignancies including multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukaemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma apart from myeloproliferative neoplasms. The distinct molecular mechanisms triggered by this small-molecule inhibitor in these cancers to exert cytotoxic effect have also been dealt with. The article also highlights the combination strategy that can be used for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of this inhibitor in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- a Plant Virology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology , SKUAST-Kashmir , Srinagar , India
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100
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Ganai SA. Histone deacetylase inhibitor sulforaphane: The phytochemical with vibrant activity against prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:250-257. [PMID: 27261601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are closely involved in the patho-physiology of prostate cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), the transcriptional corepressors have strong crosstalk with prostate cancer progression as they influence various genes related to tumour suppression. HDACs play a marked role in myriad of human cancers and as such are emerging as striking molecular targets for anticancer drugs and therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), the small-molecules interfering HDACs are emerging as promising chemotherapeutic agents. These inhibitors have shown multiple effects including cell growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in prostate cancer. The limited efficacy of HDACi as single agents in anticancer therapy has been strongly improved via novel therapeutic strategies like doublet therapy (combined therapy). More than 20HDACi have already entered into the journey of clinical trials and four have been approved by FDA against diverse cancers. This review deals with plant derived HDACi sulphoraphane (SFN; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane) and its potential role in prostate cancer therapy along with the underlying molecular mechanism being involved. The article further highlights the therapeutic strategy that can be utilized for sensitizing conventional therapy resistant cases and for acquiring the maximum therapeutic benefit from this promising inhibitor in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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