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Chen P, Wang H, He M, Chen B, Yang B, Hu B. Size-dependent cytotoxicity study of ZnO nanoparticles in HepG2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:337-346. [PMID: 30616150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in daily life. However, common utilization of ZnO NPs results in increases in environmental release, and their health hazards have attracted extensive attention. To investigate the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs and their mechanism in HepG2 cells, a comprehensive analytical system was developed. The internalization, cytotoxic mechanism, death mechanism and elimination behavior of three sizes of ZnO NPs were studied by electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), MTT assays, GSH measurements, ROS measurements and analyses of apoptosis and gene expression. The size-, dose- and time-dependent characteristics of ZnO NPs were determined, and the metabolism of ZnO NPs in cells was discussed. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs was confirmed to depend on both the size and concentration and was attributed to the release of Zn2+, induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory response; the death mode of HepG2 cells incubated with ZnO NPs was necrotic rather than programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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52
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Cordani M, Somoza Á. Targeting autophagy using metallic nanoparticles: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1215-1242. [PMID: 30483817 PMCID: PMC6420884 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive genetic and phenotypic variations present in the different tumors, they frequently share common metabolic alterations, such as autophagy. Autophagy is a self-degradative process in response to stresses by which damaged macromolecules and organelles are targeted by autophagic vesicles to lysosomes and then eliminated. It is known that autophagy dysfunctions can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development, but, interestingly, its overstimulation by cytotoxic drugs may also induce cell death and chemosensitivity. For this reason, the possibility to modulate autophagy may represent a valid therapeutic approach to treat different types of cancers and a variety of clinical trials, using autophagy modulators, are currently employed. On the other hand, recent progress in nanotechnology offers plenty of tools to fight cancer with innovative and efficient therapeutic agents by overcoming obstacles usually encountered with traditional drugs. Interestingly, nanomaterials can modulate autophagy and have been exploited as therapeutic agents against cancer. In this article, we summarize the most recent advances in the application of metallic nanostructures as potent modulators of autophagy process through multiple mechanisms, stressing their therapeutic implications in cancer diseases. For this reason, we believe that autophagy modulation with nanoparticle-based strategies would acquire clinical relevance in the near future, as a complementary therapy for the treatment of cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Hassan I, Husain FM, Khan RA, Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Alhazza IM, Aman S, Ibrahim KE. Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against potassium bromate-mediated toxicity in Swiss albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9966-9980. [PMID: 30739294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a commonly used food additive, a prominent water disinfection by-product, and a class IIB carcinogen. It exerts a various degree of toxicity depending on its dose and exposure duration consumed with food and water in the living organisms. The present investigation aims to demonstrate the protective efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Ochradenus arabicus (OA) leaf extract by green technology in PB-challenged Swiss albino rats. The rodents were randomly distributed, under the lab-standardized treatment strategy, into the following six treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II), ZnO alone (group III), ZnO NP alone (group IV), PB + ZnO (group V), and PB + ZnO NPs (group VI). The rats were sacrificed after completion of the treatment, and their blood and liver samples were collected for further analysis. Group II showed extensive toxic effects with altered liver function markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione-S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase) and compromised redox status (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GSH, MDA, and total carbonyl content). The histopathological analysis and comet assay further supported the biochemical results of the same group. Besides, group III also showed moderate toxicity evidenced by an alteration in most of the studied parameters while group IV demonstrated mild toxicity after biochemical analysis indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the NPs. However, group VI exhibited attenuation of the PB-induced toxic insults to a significant level as compared to group II, whereas group V failed to show similar improvement in the studied parameters. All these findings entail that the ZnO NPs prepared by green synthesis have significant ameliorative property against PB-induced toxicity in vivo. Moreover, administration of the NPs improved the overall health of the treated animals profoundly. Hence, these NPs have significant therapeutic potential against the toxic effects of PB and similar compounds in vivo, and they are suitable to be used at the clinical and industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Aman
- Department of Biochemistry, J N Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Shubha P, Gowda ML, Namratha K, Manjunatha H, Byrappa K. In vitro and In vivo evaluation of green-hydrothermal synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles impacts: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:300-311. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1553221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Raebareli, India
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Sun Q, Li J, Le T. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle as a Novel Class of Antifungal Agents: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11209-11220. [PMID: 30299956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of nanoparticles, especially zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), are widely reported to be capable of the inhibition of harmful bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of ZnONPs also make them attractive to the food industry for use as a promising antifungal agent. This Review thoroughly introduces the preparation methods and antifungal properties of ZnONPs and analyzes their possible antifungal mechanisms. The applicability of ZnONPs in food packaging and nutritional supplements and as an antimicrobial additive is also documented. Moreover, evaluations for biological safety of ZnONPs are objectively reviewed in this paper. The discussions addressed in this Review not only have theoretical significance but also are conducive to the development of food safety, nutrition, and human health. The summarized knowledge and future perspectives outlined here are expected to promote and guide new research toward developing and optimizing the application of ZnONPs as a novel class of antifungal agents to help improve food quality as well as food safety in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Li
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
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Jiang X, Tang Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Bai L, Meng P, Qin X, Xu G, Bose DD, Wang B, Chen C, Zou Z. Autophagy-dependent release of zinc ions is critical for acute lung injury triggered by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:1068-1091. [PMID: 30317896 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1513094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) could cause acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we established a ZnONPs-induced ALI mouse model, characterized by the histopathological changes (edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissues), and the elevation of total protein and cytokine interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in time- and dose-dependent manners. This model also exhibited features like the disturbance of redox-state (reduced of glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio, elevation of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 2), the decrease of adenosine triphosphate synthesis and the release of zinc ions in the lung tissues. Interestingly, we found that ZnONPs exposure caused the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the elevation of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain (LC)3B-II and p62, indicating the impairment of autophagic flux. Our data indicated that the above process might be regulated by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase but not the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. The association between ZnONPs-induced ALI and autophagy was further verified by a classical autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). 3-MA administration reduced the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, the expression of LC3B-II and p62, followed by a significant attenuation of histopathological changes, inflammation, and oxidative stress. More importantly, 3-MA could directly decrease the release of zinc ions in lung tissues. Taken together, our study provides the evidence that ZnONPs-induced pulmonary toxicity is autophagy-dependent, suggests that limiting the release of zinc ions by inhibiting autophagy could be a feasible strategy for the prevention of ZnONPs-associated pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- a Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China.,b Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching and Management Center , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghu Tang
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management , Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- d Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- d Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Bai
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management , Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management , Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- e Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Xu
- d Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Diptiman D Bose
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Western New England University , Springfield , MA , USA
| | - Bin Wang
- d Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management , Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China.,g Post-doctoral Research Stations of Nursing Science, School of Nursing , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- d Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Bremer-Hoffmann S. Main trends of immune effects triggered by nanomedicines in preclinical studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5419-5431. [PMID: 30271138 PMCID: PMC6149906 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to emerging medicinal products is a crucial parameter for the implementation of personalized medicine. For example, sophisticated drug delivery systems can target the diseased tissue by recognizing patient-specific biomarkers while carrying pharmacologically active molecules. However, such nanomedicines can be recognized by the immune system as foreign triggering unexpected biological reactions. The anticipation of the immunogenic potential of emerging nanotechnology-based products in the preclinical phase is challenging due to high interspecies variations between the immune systems of laboratory animals and humans. A close monitoring of the scientific literature is required to better understand the relationship between various immune reactions and the diversity of nanomedicines currently in the development pipeline. We have reviewed the most frequent immune reactions induced by the nanomaterials in vivo and have identified the main effects triggered by lipid-based, polymer-based and inorganic nanoparticles, as the main categories of nanomaterials used in medicine. According to our results, almost 50% of the investigated nanomaterials induced effects related to the activation of the immune system. Among them, complement activation-related hypersensitivity reactions and activation of adaptive immune response were the most frequent effects reported for the lipid-based nanoparticles. However, many of these effects are not or are only partially covered by the current regulatory framework applicable for nanomedicines. In addition, we extracted the most relevant nanospecific properties responsible for the observed biological effects. Our analysis led to identification of the most prevalent measurement endpoints relevant for the assessment of the immunotoxic potential of the nanotechnology-based products and will support the smooth and safe translation of the new formulations to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy,
| | - Susanne Bremer-Hoffmann
- Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy,
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He G, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Yong L, Liu X, Wang P, Liang C, Yang C, Zhao Z, Hai B, Pan X, Liu Z, Liu X, Mao C. Cross Talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Contributes to ZnO Nanoparticle-Induced Human Osteosarcoma Cell Death. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800332. [PMID: 29900694 PMCID: PMC6310009 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Killing osteosarcoma cells by zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and its underlying subcellular mechanism are never studied. Here, it is found that the NPs induce cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, which leads to osteosarcoma cell death. Specifically, the NP uptake promotes autophagy by inducing accumulation of autophagosomes along with impairment of lysosomal functions. The autophagy further causes the uptaken NPs to release zinc ions by promoting their dissolution. These intracellular zinc ions, together with those that are originally released from the extracellular NPs and flowed into the cells, collectively target and damage mitochondria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then the ROS inhibit cell proliferation by arresting S phase and trigger apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, ultimately leading to cell death. More importantly, suppression of the early stage autophagy restores cell viability by abolishing apoptosis whereas blockade of the late stage autophagy inversely enhances apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis shows a limited ability to restore cell viability but obviously enhance autophagy. Notably, cell viability is strongly ameliorated by the combination of inhibitors for both the late stage autophagy and the apoptosis. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the NP-directed autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping He
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- The Center for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bao Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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60
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Li Y, Ju D. The Role of Autophagy in Nanoparticles-Induced Toxicity and Its Related Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:71-84. [PMID: 29453533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanoparticles have been widely used in industry and pharmaceutical fields for drug delivery, anti-pathogen, and diagnostic imaging purposes because of their unique physicochemical characteristics such as special ultrastructure, dispersity, and effective cellular uptake properties. But the nanotoxicity has been raised over the extensive applications of nanoparticles. Researchers have elucidated series of mechanisms in nanoparticles-induced toxicity, including apoptosis, necrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Among upon mechanisms, autophagy was recently recognized as an important cell death style in various nanoparticles-induced toxicity, but the role of autophagy and its related cellular and molecular mechanisms during nanoparticles-triggered toxicity were still confusing. In the chapter, we briefly introduced the general process of autophagy, summarized the different roles of autophagy in various nanoparticle-treated different in vitro/in vivo models, and deeply analyzed the physicochemical and biochemical (cellular and molecular) mechanisms of autophagy during nanoparticles-induced toxicity through listing and summarizing representative examples. Physicochemical mechanisms mainly include dispersity, size, charge, and surface chemistry; cellular mechanisms primarily focus on lysosome impairment, mitochondria dysfunction, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and endoplasmic reticulum autophagy; while molecular mechanisms were mainly including autophagy related signaling pathways, hypoxia-inducible factor, and oxidative stress. This chapter highlighted the important role of autophagy as a critical mechanism in nanoparticles-induced toxicity, and the physicochemical and biochemical mechanisms of autophagy triggered by nanoparticles might be useful for establishing a guideline for the evaluation of nanotoxicology, designing and developing new biosafety nanoparticles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Gao S, Wang S, Xu Z, Wei L. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in CAL 27 oral cancer cell lines by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3441-3450. [PMID: 29950828 PMCID: PMC6016020 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (tongue cancer) is one of the most common malignancies in the oral maxillofacial region. The tumor easily relapses after surgery, and the prognosis remains poor. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were shown to target multiple cancer cell types. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anticancer effect of ZnO NPs on CAL 27 human tongue cancer cells and identify the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in this effect. Materials and methods We analyzed the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on CAL 27 cells. Cells were cultured in media containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μg/mL ZnO NPs for 24 h. We further examined the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, monodansylcadaverine intensity and mitochondrial membrane potential following the administration of 25 μg/mL ZnO NPs for 4, 8, 12, or 24 h and investigated the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in ZnO NP-induced toxicity in CAL 27 cells. Results The viability of CAL 27 cells decreased after treatment with increasing ZnO NP concentrations. The inhibitory concentration 50% of the ZnO NPs was calculated as 25 μg/mL. The ZnO NPs increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in a time-dependent manner as well as activated the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy process in CAL 27 cells. Conclusion Based on our findings, ZnO NPs may possess potential anticancer activity toward tongue cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaonan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Noureen A, Jabeen F, Tabish TA, Yaqub S, Ali M, Chaudhry AS. Assessment of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and copper (II) oxide (CuO) induced hemato- and hepatotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:144003. [PMID: 29369820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaaaa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Cu-based nanoparticles have drawn considerable attention for their various fascinating roles in multiple biological systems. It is recognized that their frequent use can create compatibility challenges for the recipient systems. Nevertheless, it is unclear how various biological interactions affect the compatibility of Cu oxide II (CuO) and Cu oxide nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) for different organisms. Consequently, it has been difficult to perform structured risk assessments for their use in biological systems. Therefore, this study compared the effects of different doses of waterborne Cu-NPs and CuO on the blood and liver of selected groups of Cyprinus (C) carpio. These fish while housed in suitable water tanks were exposed to one of the following treatments for 14 d: control (no added Cu) or 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 mg Cu as Cu-NPs or CuO l-1 of water. We found significant changes in all assessed blood parameters of fish in response to increasing doses from 0 to 1.5 mg of Cu-NPs or CuO. Similarly, increased levels of lipid peroxide and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also observed in the livers of C. carpio in Cu-NPs or CuO treated groups. Enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation and GSH were also recorded in the Cu-NP treated groups compared with the CuO treated groups in a dose dependent manner. The lowest catalase activity was observed in the liver of C. carpio treated with the higer dose of Cu-NPs. Cu-NP or CuO exposure induced significant histological alterations in the liver of C. carpio including focal necrosis, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, damaged central vein, nuclear hypertrophy, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, congestion, and complete degeneration in a dose dependent manner. Substantial alterations in blood and liver specimens were observed in the Cu-NP treated fish when compared with the CuO treated fish. It appeared that the Cu-NPs were more toxic than the CuO as shown by the hemato- and hepatotoxicity in C. carpio of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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63
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Edlich A, Volz P, Brodwolf R, Unbehauen M, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD, Hedtrich S, Haag R, Alexiev U, Kleuser B. Crosstalk between core-multishell nanocarriers for cutaneous drug delivery and antigen-presenting cells of the skin. Biomaterials 2018; 162:60-70. [PMID: 29438881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing their unique chemical and physical properties core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are thought to underlie their exploitable biomedical use for a topical treatment of skin diseases. This highlights the need to consider not only the efficacy of CMS nanocarriers but also the potentially unpredictable and adverse consequences of their exposure thereto. As CMS nanocarriers are able to penetrate into viable layers of normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as in in vitro skin disease models the understanding of nanoparticle crosstalk with components of the immune system requires thorough investigation. Our studies highlight the biocompatible properties of CMS nanocarriers on Langerhans cells of the skin as they did neither induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity nor cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) or an immunological response. Nevertheless, CMS nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by Langerhans cells via divergent endocytic pathways. Bioimaging of CMS nanocarriers by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and flow cytometry indicated not only a localization within the lysosomes but also an energy-dependent exocytosis of unmodified CMS nanocarriers into the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Edlich
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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64
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Wang B, Zhang J, Chen C, Xu G, Qin X, Hong Y, Bose DD, Qiu F, Zou Z. The size of zinc oxide nanoparticles controls its toxicity through impairing autophagic flux in A549 lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 285:51-59. [PMID: 29289694 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) widely used in various products, have been concerned with its impact on human health, in particular, on the risk of pulmonary toxicity. Our previous study indicated that ZnONPs could harness autophagy and impair the autophagic flux, which was positively linked to ZnONPs-induced toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ZnONPs-induced impairment of autophagic flux and cell death in lung epithelial cells is related to the size of ZnONPs. We demonstrate that ZnONPs with the average size of 50 nm could induce toxic effects in A549 lung epithelial cells, including accumulation of autophagosomes (the elevation of LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio), impaired autophagic flux (the increase of p62 expression), the release of intracellular zinc ions (the increase of FluoZin-3 signal and ZnT1 mRNA expression), mitochondrial damage (the decrease of TMRE signal), lysosomal dysfunction (the aberrant expression of LAMP-2), oxidative stress (the increase of DCFH-DA signal and HO-1 expression) and cell death. Interestingly, ZnONPs with the average size of 200 nm failed to induce autophagy-mediated toxicity. Taken together, our results indicate that the size of ZnONPs is closely correlated with its toxicity, which is probably mediated by induction of impaired autophagic flux. This finding provides an insight into better understating of ZnONPs-associated toxicity, and mitigating the risk to humans and allowing the safer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China; Post-doctoral Research Stations of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yueling Hong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Diptiman D Bose
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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65
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Jiang Q, Gao Y, Wang C, Tao R, Wu Y, Zhan K, Liao M, Lu N, Lu Y, Wilcox CS, Luo J, Jiang LH, Yang W, Han F. Nitration of TRPM2 as a Molecular Switch Induces Autophagy During Brain Pericyte Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1297-1316. [PMID: 28292196 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dysfunction of neurovascular pericytes underlies breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) channel and autophagy during brain pericyte injury both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS A rapid induction in autophagy in human brain vascular pericytes, in the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP)-induced cell stress model, was paralleled with an increase in the expression of the TRPM2-S truncated isoform, which was abolished by treatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and a peroxynitrite scavenger. Furthermore, Y1485 in the C-terminus of the TRPM2 protein was identified as the tyrosine nitration substrate by mass spectrometry. Overexpression of the Y1485S TRPM2 mutant reduced LC3-II accumulation and pericyte injury induced by ZnO-NP. Consistently, LC3-II accumulation was reduced and pericytes were better preserved in intact brain microvessels of the TRPM2 knockout mice after ZnO-NP-induced vascular injury. Innovation and Conclusions: Our present study has revealed a novel mechanism of autophagy disturbance secondary to nitrosative stress-induced tyrosine nitration of TRPM2 during pericyte injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1297-1316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinping Gao
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China .,2 School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Tao
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- 3 Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhan
- 3 Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihua Liao
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nannan Lu
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- 2 School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- 4 Hypertension, Kidney, and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jianhong Luo
- 3 Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- 5 Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom .,6 Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University , Henan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- 3 Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Han
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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66
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Liu J, Kang Y, Yin S, Song B, Wei L, Chen L, Shao L. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxic responses in human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells in a size-dependent manner. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8085-8099. [PMID: 29138564 PMCID: PMC5677299 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the widespread applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), the potential exposure of workers, consumers, and scientists to these particles has increased. This potential for exposure has attracted extensive attention in the science community. Many studies have examined the toxicological profile of ZnO NPs in the immune system, digestive system, however, information regarding the toxicity of ZnO NPs in the nervous system is scarce. In this study, we detected the cytotoxicity of two types of ZnO NPs of various sizes - ZnOa NPs and ZnOb NPs - and we characterized the shedding ability of zinc ions within culture medium and the cytoplasm. We found that reactive oxygen species played a crucial role in ZnO NP-induced cytotoxicity, likely because zinc ions were leached from ZnO NPs. Apoptosis and cytoskeleton changes were also toxic responses induced by the ZnO NPs, and ZnOb NPs induced more significant toxic responses than ZnOa NPs in SHSY5Y cells. In conclusion, ZnO NPs induced toxic responses in SHSY5Y cells in a size-dependent manner, which can probably be attributed to their ion-shedding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Suhan Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Liangjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
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67
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Bai KJ, Chuang KJ, Ma CM, Chang TY, Chuang HC. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells with an EGFR mutation are sensitive to non-autophagic cell death induced by zinc oxide and aluminium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:437-444. [PMID: 28717102 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of cancer deaths; however, efficient treatments for NSCLC remain insufficient. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation on autophagic cell death in human lung adenocarcinoma cells by 20-nm zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP20) and aluminum-doped ZnONPs (Al-ZnONP20). Two types of human lung adenocarcinoma cells were used throughout the study: wild-type EGFR A549 cells and EGFR-mutated CL1-5 cells. We observed that a significant reduction in cell viability resulting from ZnONP20 and Al-ZnONP20 occurred in A549 and CL1-5 cells after 18 and 24 hr of exposure. A colony formation analysis showed that A549 cells re-grew after exposure to 20 μg/mL Al-ZnONP20. Levels of light chain 3 (LC3) II conversion were activated by ZnONP20 and Al-ZnONP20 in A549 cells, whereas LC3 II was inhibited by ZnONP20 and Al-ZnONP20 in CL1-5 cells. In conclusion, we have shown that human lung adenocarcinoma cells with an EGFR mutation are sensitive to ZnONP20 and Al-ZnONP20, which may have resulted in non-autophagic cell death. ZnONP20 and Al-ZnONP20 may have the potential for personalized therapeutics in NSCLC with an EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Ma
- Department of Cosmetic Application and Management, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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68
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Fang X, Jiang L, Gong Y, Li J, Liu L, Cao Y. The presence of oleate stabilized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced the toxicity of aged NPs to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:40-47. [PMID: 28987328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of food components may alter the colloidal aspects and toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, the toxicity of ZnO NPs to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells was assessed, with the emphasis on the interactions between ZnO NPs and oleate (OA). The presence of OA increased UV-Vis spectra and hydrodynamic sizes, decreased Zeta potential, and markedly reduced the release of Zn ions from the dissolution of ZnO NPs, which combined indicated that OA could coat ZnO NPs and stabilize ZnO NPs. Exposure to ZnO NPs significantly induced cytotoxicity to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, associated with increased intracellular Zn ions but not superoxide. When OA was added to the freshly prepared ZnO NP suspensions, the cytotoxicity, intracellular Zn ions and superoxide induced by ZnO NPs were not significantly affected. However, when ZnO NPs were aged for 24 h with the presence of OA, the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells was significantly reduced, associated with a reduction of intracellular Zn ions. The results from this study suggested that the presence of OA could increase colloidal stability of ZnO NPs and consequently reduce the toxicity of ZnO NPs after aging associated with reduced accumulation of intracellular Zn ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Leying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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69
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Bai DP, Zhang XF, Zhang GL, Huang YF, Gurunathan S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6521-6535. [PMID: 28919752 PMCID: PMC5592910 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are frequently used in industrial products such as paint, surface coating, and cosmetics, and recently, they have been explored in biologic and biomedical applications. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Methods ZnO NPs with a crystalline size of 20 nm were characterized with various analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy were examined using a series of cellular assays. Results Exposure of cells to ZnO NPs resulted in a dose-dependent loss of cell viability, and the characteristic apoptotic features such as rounding and loss of adherence, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the ZnO NP-treated cells. Furthermore, the cells treated with ZnO NPs showed significant double-strand DNA breaks, which are gained evidences from significant number of γ-H2AX and Rad51 expressed cells. ZnO NP-treated cells showed upregulation of p53 and LC3, indicating that ZnO NPs are able to upregulate apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, the Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of Bax, caspase-9, Rad51, γ-H2AX, p53, and LC3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion The study findings demonstrated that the ZnO NPs are able to induce significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in human ovarian cells through reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study suggests that ZnO NPs are suitable and inherent anticancer agents due to their several favorable characteristic features including favorable band gap, electrostatic charge, surface chemistry, and potentiation of redox cycling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Shandong, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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70
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Zhang J, Qin X, Wang B, Xu G, Qin Z, Wang J, Wu L, Ju X, Bose DD, Qiu F, Zhou H, Zou Z. Zinc oxide nanoparticles harness autophagy to induce cell death in lung epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2954. [PMID: 28749469 PMCID: PMC5550878 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used, they have raised concerns of toxicity in humans. Previous studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are involved in the cytotoxicity of ZnONPs, but the regulatory mechanisms between autophagy and ROS remain to be elucidated. Herein, we comprehensively investigated the regulatory mechanism of autophagy and the link between autophagy and ROS in ZnONPs-treated lung epithelial cells. We demonstrated that ZnONPs could induce autophagy, and this process could enhance the dissolution of ZnONPs in lysosomes to release zinc ions. Sequentially, zinc ions released from ZnONPs were able to damage not only lysosomes, leading to impaired autophagic flux, but also mitochondria. Impaired autophagic flux resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which could generate excessive ROS to cause cell death. We further demonstrated that the inhibition of autophagy by either pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Beclin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase could ameliorate ZnONPs-induced cell death. Moreover, we found that lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1/2 (LAMP-1/2), which were the most abundant highly glycosylated protein in late endosomes/lysosomes, exhibited aberrant expression pattern upon treatment with ZnONPs. Intriguingly, LAMP-2 knockdown, but not LAMP-1 knockdown, could exacerbate the ROS generation and cell death induced by ZnONPs treatment. Meanwhile, LAMP-2 overexpression alleviated ZnONPs-induced cell death, suggesting that LAMP-2 was linked to this toxic phenotype induced by ZnONPs. Our results indicate that autophagic dysfunction could contribute to excessive ROS generation upon treatment with ZnONPs in lung epithelial cells, suggesting that modulating the autophagy process would minimize ZnONPs-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jian Wang
- National Center for Science and Technology Evaluation (NCSTE), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangwu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Diptiman D Bose
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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71
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Chevallet M, Veronesi G, Fuchs A, Mintz E, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Impact of labile metal nanoparticles on cellular homeostasis. Current developments in imaging, synthesis and applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1566-1577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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72
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Ge W, Zhao Y, Lai FN, Liu JC, Sun YC, Wang JJ, Cheng SF, Zhang XF, Sun LL, Li L, Dyce PW, Shen W. Cutaneous applied nano-ZnO reduce the ability of hair follicle stem cells to differentiate. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:465-474. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1310947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang-Nong Lai
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Lan Sun
- Reproductive Center, Weifang City People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Paul W. Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Ng CT, Yong LQ, Hande MP, Ong CN, Yu LE, Bay BH, Baeg GH. Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through oxidative stress responses in human lung fibroblasts and Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1621-1637. [PMID: 28280330 PMCID: PMC5339013 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used, there has been an increasing number of reports on the toxicity of ZnO NPs. However, study on the underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions is insufficient. Methods In this study, we investigated the toxicological profiles of ZnO NPs in MRC5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro and in an in vivo model using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. A comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the uptake, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, gene expression profiling and genotoxicity induced by ZnO NPs. Results For in vitro toxicity, the results showed that there was a significant release of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase and decreased cell viability in ZnO NP-treated MRC5 lung cells, indicating cellular damage and cytotoxicity. Generation of ROS was observed to be related to significant expression of DNA Damage Inducible Transcript (DDIT3) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1) genes, which are ER stress-related genes. Oxidative stress induced DNA damage was further verified by a significant release of DNA oxidation product, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as well as by the Comet assay. For the in vivo study using the fruit fly D. melanogaster as a model, significant toxicity was observed in F1 progenies upon ingestion of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs induced significant decrease in the egg-to-adult viability of the flies. We further showed that the decreased viability is closely associated with ROS induction by ZnO NPs. Removal of one copy of the D. melanogaster Nrf2 alleles further decreased the ZnO NPs-induced lethality due to increased production of ROS, indicating that nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays important role in ZnO NPs-mediated ROS production. Conclusion The present study suggests that ZnO NPs induced significant oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lung fibroblasts in vitro and in D. melanogaster in vivo. More extensive studies would be needed to verify the safety issues related to increased usage of ZnO NPs by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Qing Yong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Choon Nam Ong
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liya E Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Huang CW, Li SW, Hsiu-Chuan Liao V. Chronic ZnO-NPs exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations results in metabolic and locomotive toxicities in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1456-1464. [PMID: 27839994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are emerging contaminants that raise the concerns of potential risk in the aquatic environment. It has been estimated that the environmental ZnO-NPs concentration is 76 μg/l in the aquatic environment. Our aim was to determine the aquatic toxicity of ZnO-NPs with chronic exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Two simulated environmentally relevant mediums-moderately hard reconstituted water (EPA water) and simulated soil pore water (SSPW)-were used to represent surface water and pore water in sediment, respectively. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs in EPA water has a much smaller hydrodynamic diameter than that in SSPW. Although the ionic release of Zn ions increased time-dependently in both mediums, the Zn ions concentrations in EPA water increased two-fold more than that in SSPW at 48 h and 72 h. The ZnO-NPs did not induce growth defects or decrease head thrashes in C. elegans in either media. However, chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs caused a significant reduction in C. elegans body bends in EPA water even with a relatively low concentration (0.05 μg/l); similar results were not observed in SSPW. Moreover, at the same concentrations (50 and 500 μg/l), body bends in C. elegans were reduced more severely in ZnO-NPs than in ZnCl2 in EPA water. The ATP levels were consistently and significantly decreased, and ROS was induced after ZnO-NPs exposure (50 and 500 μg/l) in EPA water. Our results provide evidences that chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs under environmentally relevant concentrations causes metabolic and locomotive toxicities implicating the potential ecotoxicity of ZnO-NPs at low concentrations in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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75
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Chen RJ, Lee YH, Yeh YL, Wang YJ, Wang BJ. The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2063. [PMID: 27941683 PMCID: PMC5187863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases are the most common problem in dermatology. The induction of skin inflammation by environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and TiO₂/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated previously. Recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome is often wrongly activated by these environmental irritants, thus inducing massive inflammation and resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the inflammasome with respect to skin inflammation is complex and is still not completely understood. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that is associated with the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, plays a key role in inflammasome inactivation. As a housekeeping pathway, cells utilize autophagy to maintain the homeostasis of the organ structure and function when exposed to environmental stressors. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of autophagy and/or the inflammasome on skin pathogenesis. Here we review recent findings regarding the involvement of autophagy and inflammasome activation during skin inflammation. We posit that autophagy induction is a novel mechanism inter-modulating environmental stressor-induced skin inflammation. We also attempt to highlight the role of the inflammasome and the possible underlying mechanisms and pathways reflecting the pathogenesis of skin inflammation induced by UVR, Cr(VI) and TiO₂/ZnO/Ag NPs. A more profound understanding about the crosstalk between autophagy and the inflammasome will contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies against human skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
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76
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Song B, Zhou T, Liu J, Shao L. Involvement of Programmed Cell Death in Neurotoxicity of Metallic Nanoparticles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:484. [PMID: 27813025 PMCID: PMC5095106 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or NP-based products has increased the risk of exposure to NPs in humans. The brain is an important organ that is more susceptible to exogenous stimuli. Moreover, any impairment to the brain is irreversible. Recently, several in vivo studies have found that metallic NPs can be absorbed into the animal body and then translocated into the brain, mainly through the blood-brain barrier and olfactory pathway after systemic administration. Furthermore, metallic NPs can cross the placental barrier to accumulate in the fetal brain, causing developmental neurotoxicity on exposure during pregnancy. Therefore, metallic NPs become a big threat to the brain. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of metallic NPs remain unclear. Programmed cell death (PCD), which is different from necrosis, is defined as active cell death and is regulated by certain genes. PCD can be mainly classified into apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. It is involved in brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and brain injury. Given the pivotal role of PCD in neurological functions, we reviewed relevant articles and tried to summarize the recent advances and future perspectives of PCD involvement in the neurotoxicity of metallic NPs, with the purpose of comprehensively understanding the neurotoxic mechanisms of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - LongQuan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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77
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Sun L, Sun C, Sun X. Screening highly selective ionophores for heavy metal ion-selective electrodes and potentiometric sensors. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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78
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Chevallet M, Gallet B, Fuchs A, Jouneau PH, Um K, Mintz E, Michaud-Soret I. Metal homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes exposed to sub-toxic doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18495-18506. [PMID: 27782264 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased production and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in consumer products has prompted the scientific community to investigate their potential toxicity, and understand their impact on the environment and organisms. Molecular mechanisms involved in ZnO-NP toxicity are still under debate and focus essentially on high dose expositions. In our study, we chose to evaluate the effect of sub-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs on human hepatocytes (HepG2) with a focus on metal homeostasis and redox balance disruptions. We showed massive dissolution of ZnO-NPs outside the cell, transport and accumulation of zinc ions inside the cell but no evidence of nanoparticle entry, even when analysed by high resolution TEM microscopy coupled with EDX. Gene expression analysis highlighted zinc homeostasis disruptions as shown by metallothionein 1X and zinc transporter 1 and 2 (ZnT1, ZnT2) over-expression. Major oxidative stress response genes, such as superoxide dismutase 1, 2 and catalase were not induced. Phase 2 enzymes in term of antioxidant response, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and the regulating subunit of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) were slightly upregulated, but these observations may be linked solely to metal homeostasis disruptions, as these actors are involved in both metal and ROS responses. Finally, we observed abnormal mitochondria morphologies and autophagy vesicles in response to ZnO-NPs, indicating a potential role of mitochondria in storing and protecting cells from zinc excess but ultimately causing cell death at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chevallet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - B Gallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France and CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France and CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - A Fuchs
- CEA, BIG, DIR, Grenoble, France
| | - P H Jouneau
- CEA, INAC, Minatec campus, Grenoble, France and Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-MEM-LEMMA, Grenoble, France
| | - K Um
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - E Mintz
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - I Michaud-Soret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
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79
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Han Z, Yan Q, Ge W, Liu ZG, Gurunathan S, De Felici M, Shen W, Zhang XF. Cytotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles on mouse testicular cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5187-5203. [PMID: 27785022 PMCID: PMC5066861 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoscience and nanotechnology are developing rapidly, and the applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have been found in several fields. At present, NPs are widely used in traditional consumer and industrial products, however, the properties and safety of NPs are still unclear and there are concerns about their potential environmental and health effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential toxicity of ZnO NPs on testicular cells using both in vitro and in vivo systems in a mouse experimental model. Methods ZnO NPs with a crystalline size of 70 nm were characterized with various analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the ZnO NPs was examined in vitro on Leydig cell and Sertoli cell lines, and in vivo on the testes of CD1 mice injected with single doses of ZnO NPs. Results ZnO NPs were internalized by Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, and this resulted in cytotoxicity in a time- and dose-dependent manner through the induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis likely occurred as a consequence of DNA damage (detected as γ-H2AX and RAD51 foci) caused by increase in reactive oxygen species associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, injection of ZnO NPs in male mice caused structural alterations in the seminiferous epithelium and sperm abnormalities. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ZnO NPs have the potential to induce apoptosis in testicular cells likely through DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species, with possible adverse consequences for spermatogenesis and therefore, male fertility. This suggests that evaluating the potential impacts of engineered NPs is essential prior to their mass production, to address both the environmental and human health concerns and also to develop sustainable and safer nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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80
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Li Q, Hu H, Jiang L, Zou Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Cytotoxicity and autophagy dysfunction induced by different sizes of silica particles in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1216-1228. [PMID: 30090427 PMCID: PMC6062363 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of silica nanoparticles are gaining attention due to their wide application in biomedicine. However, information about size-dependent toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles is insufficient. In this study, two size of nano-scale (40 nm, 60 nm) and one size of micro-scale (200 nm) silica particles were studied to investigate the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity and autophagy dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The cell viability was decreased in a size- and dose-dependent manner, while the LDH activity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage significantly increased, induced by both nano- and micro-scale silica particles. Ultrastructural analysis showed that nano-scale silica particles could induce mitochondrial damage and autophagy, but not micro-scale particles. Verified by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, the expression of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 was upregulated in nano-scale silica particles in a size- and dose-dependent manner, while the micro-scale particles had an inhibitory effect. In addition, autophagy activation and autophagy blockage were triggered by nano-scale silica particles via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings first demonstrated that exposure to nano-scale silica particles rather than micro-scale particles could lead to autophagy dysfunction and impair cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
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81
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Lee IC, Ko JW, Park SH, Lim JO, Shin IS, Moon C, Kim SH, Heo JD, Kim JC. Comparative toxicity and biodistribution of copper nanoparticles and cupric ions in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2883-900. [PMID: 27366066 PMCID: PMC4913985 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread use and prospective biomedical applications of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), their biosafety issues and kinetics remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the detailed in vivo toxicity of Cu NPs and cupric ions (CuCl2; Cu ions) after a single oral dose. We determined the physicochemical characteristics of Cu NPs, including morphology, hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and dissolution in gastric (pH 1.5), vehicle (pH 6.5), and intestinal (pH 7.8) conditions. We also evaluated the kinetics of Cu following a single equivalent dose (500 mg/kg) of Cu NPs and Cu ions. Cu NPs had highest dissolution (84.5%) only in gastric conditions when compared with complete dissolution of Cu ions under various physiological milieus. Kinetic analysis revealed that highest Cu levels in blood and tested organs of Cu NP-treated rats were 15%–25% lower than that of Cu ions. Similar to the case of Cu ions, Cu levels in the tested organs (especially liver, kidney, and spleen) of Cu NP-treated rats increased significantly when compared with the vehicle control. However, delay in reaching the highest level and biopersistence of Cu were observed in the blood and tested organs of Cu NP-treated rats compared with Cu ions. Extremely high levels of Cu in feces indicated that unabsorbed Cu NPs or absorbed Cu ions were predominantly eliminated through liver/feces. Cu NPs exerted apparent toxicological effects at higher dose levels compared with Cu ions and showed sex-dependent differences in mortality, biochemistry, and histopathology. Liver, kidney, and spleen were the major organs affected by Cu NPs. Collectively, the toxicity and kinetics of Cu NPs are most likely influenced by the release of Cu dissociated from Cu NPs under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeuk Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment and Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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82
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Zheng W, Wei M, Li S, Le W. Nanomaterial-modulated autophagy: underlying mechanisms and functional consequences. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1417-30. [PMID: 27193191 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential lysosome-dependent process that controls the quality of the cytoplasm and maintains cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction of this protein degradation system is correlated with various disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that nanomaterials (NMs) have autophagy-modulating effects, thus predicting a valuable and promising application potential of NMs in the diagnosis and treatment of autophagy-related diseases. NMs exhibit unique physical, chemical and biofunctional properties, which may endow NMs with capabilities to modulate autophagy via various mechanisms. The present review highlights the impacts of various NMs on autophagy and their functional consequences. The possible underlying mechanisms for NM-modulated autophagy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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83
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Piperigkou Z, Karamanou K, Engin AB, Gialeli C, Docea AO, Vynios DH, Pavão MS, Golokhvast KS, Shtilman MI, Argiris A, Shishatskaya E, Tsatsakis AM. Emerging aspects of nanotoxicology in health and disease: From agriculture and food sector to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:42-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Yu Y, Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Zou Y, Yang Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun Z. Autophagy and autophagy dysfunction contribute to apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to nanosilica. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:871-882. [PMID: 30090396 PMCID: PMC6062368 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Great concerns have led to the evaluation of the potential hazards of nanosilica to human health and the environment. However, there still exists persistent debates on the biological effects and toxic consequences induced by nanosilica. The present study investigated both autophagy and apoptosis in ICR mice and Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), and then explored the interactive mechanism between these two distinct cell death modalities in HepG2 cells. Mice liver injuries seen by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated the hepatotoxic effects of nanosilica. The TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry results confirmed that nanosilica could induce both apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated apoptosis induction in vitro, while autophagic ultrastructures, LC3-II expression and immunofluorescence clarified autophagy activation by nanosilica. Apoptosis suppression by the autophagy inhibitor of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) implied that autophagy was involved in apoptotic cell death. A mechanistic study verified that nanosilica induced autophagy via negative regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling but not the Beclin-1 associated pathway. The enhancement of p62 accumulation and mTOR down-regulation might account for the molecular mechanism in contribution of autophagy to apoptosis. As an emerging new mechanism of nanomaterial toxicity, autophagy might be a more susceptive indicator for toxicological consequence evaluation in nanoparticle toxicity. The present study provides novel evidence to elucidate the toxicity mechanisms and may be beneficial to more rational applications of nanosilica in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing Pediatric Research Institute , Beijing Children's Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P.R. China
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yumei Yang
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Jiang
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Li
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
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Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Chen L, Song B, Shao L. The toxicology of ion-shedding zinc oxide nanoparticles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:348-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1137864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles attenuate the TSLP levels via suppressing caspase-1 in activated mast cells. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1407-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216629822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZO-NPs) are used as antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and to treat cancer. However, although ZO-NPs have excellent efficiency and specificity, their cytotoxicity is higher than that of micron-sized zinc oxide. Doping ZO-NPs with aluminum can improve therapeutic efficacy, but the biological effects and mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Here, we reported the efficacy of aluminum-doped ZO-NP (AZO) on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) production and caspase-1 activation in human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. AZO significantly reduced TSLP levels as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α without inducing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, AZO more effectively reduced TSLP, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels than ZO-NP. The levels of inflammatory cytokine mRNA were also reduced by AZO treatment. AZO blocked production of IL-1β and activations of caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB by inhibiting IκB kinase β and receptor interacting protein 2. In addition, AZO attenuated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38. These findings provide evidence that AZO improves anti-inflammatory properties and offer a safe and effective potential treatment option.
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87
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Annangi B, Rubio L, Alaraby M, Bach J, Marcos R, Hernández A. Acute and long-term in vitro effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2201-2213. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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