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Soares CN, Shea AK. The Midlife Transition, Depression, and Its Clinical Management. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021; 48:215-229. [PMID: 33573787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 260 million people are affected by depression worldwide, a condition that imposes a significant burden to individuals, their families, and society. Women seem to be disproportionately more affected by depression than men, and it is now clear that some women may experience windows of vulnerability for depression at certain reproductive stages across their life span, including the midlife transition. For some, age, the presence of cardiovascular or metabolic problems, and the emergence of significant, bothersome vasomotor symptoms and sleep problems may result in a compounded, deleterious impact on well-being and overall functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio N Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Kingston, Ontario K7L 4X3, Canada.
| | - Alison K Shea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Kim KY, Yun JM. Dietary Patterns and Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk in Korean Adults over 50 Years Old. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:132-145. [PMID: 34316478 PMCID: PMC8276710 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related diseases such as dementia and cognitive disorders is rapidly increasing. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in adults aged over 50 years. This cross-sectional study investigated dietary patterns associated with cognitive function among older adults hospitalized in Gwangju province. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Diet information was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire with 112 food items and 24-h dietary recall. Using a principal component analysis, we identified three dietary patterns, “legumes and vegetables”, “beverage and nuts”, and “white rice”. The “beverage and nuts” pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of high MCI after adjusting for covariates (third vs. first tertile, adjusted odds ratio: 0.333; 95% confidence interval: 0.133∼0.831; P<0.05). The white rice pattern was associated with the prevalence of MCI in the crude analysis. However, after adjusting for all confounding factors, no association was found. The “beverage and nuts” pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of MCI. In the future, longitudinal population-based studies and randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the effect of potential dietary patterns on cognitive impairment and reveal the underlying mechanism of their association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Mi Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Rejman K, Górska-Warsewicz H, Kaczorowska J, Laskowski W. Nutritional Significance of Fruit and Fruit Products in the Average Polish Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062079. [PMID: 34204541 PMCID: PMC8235518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the supply of energy, 19 nutrients, free sugars, and dietary fiber in the average Polish diet from fruit and fruit products. Our analysis is based on 2016 data from the national representative household budget survey conducted on a sample of 36,886 households, yielding a population of 99,230 individuals. Fruit and fruit products provided 3.12% of energy to the average diet in Poland with the highest share of bananas and apples. The highest significance of this food group was found for vitamin C (23.65%), including citrus fruits providing 8.03% of vitamin C, berries (5.97%), other fruits (3.45%), and apples (3.13%). The share of fruit and their products in the supply of free sugars is equally high and amounts to 23.52%. This means that apples provide 6.34% of free sugars, while other fruits also have a high supply of free sugars, including berries 3.68%, stone fruits 3.06%, bananas 2.56%, and citrus fruits 2.54%. The proportion of supply exceeding the percentage of energy (which was 3.12%) was obtained for carbohydrate (5.79%), and fiber (13.66%). The food group studied was particularly important (more than 5% share) in providing four minerals: potassium (8.59%), iron (5.07%), magnesium (5.51%), copper (8.81%), and three vitamins: vitamin C (23.65%), vitamin B6 (5.74%), and vitamin E (5.53%). The influence of sociodemographic and economic characteristics of households on the structure of energy and nutrient supply from fruit and fruit products was assessed using cluster analysis. There were four clusters characterized by different energy, nutrient, and fiber supply. The factors with the highest statistical significance on the supply of energy, nutrients, and fiber from fruit and fruit products were month of study, income, degree of urbanization, education, size of town, and land use. The obtained results concerning energy and nutrient supply from fruits and fruit products are important for the Polish society from the public health point of view, as indicated in the discussion of results and conclusions.
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Effects of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in the Plasma of a Healthy Population: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123604. [PMID: 34204618 PMCID: PMC8231220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scientific evidence of the positive effect of polyphenols from plant foods on inflammation and oxidative status. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether treatment with a high-polyphenolic nutraceutical reduces the plasmatic concentration of certain oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in a healthy population. One hundred and eight subjects were selected and stratified by sex in the intervention group (n = 53) and the placebo group (n = 55). Ninety-two subjects completed the study after two 16-week treatment periods separated by a four-week washout period. The results revealed statistically significant differences in subjects treated with the polyphenolic extract compared to the placebo: A decrease in homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), TNF-α, sTNFR1, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The most significant decrease was observed for OxLDL (from 78.98 ± 24.48 to 69.52 ± 15.64; p < 0.05) and CRP (from 1.50 ± 0.33 to 1.39 ± 0.37; p < 0.05), both showing significant differences compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). Moreover, catecholamines increased after the administration of the product under investigation, especially in the case of dopamine (from 15.43 ± 2.66 to 19.61 ± 5.73; p < 0.05). Therefore, the consumption of a nutraceutical based on fruit and vegetables with a high polyphenol content seems to improve the parameters related to health benefits (oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers), including remarkable changes in the expression of catecholamines.
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Transformation of Inferior Tomato into Preservative: Fermentation by Multi-Bacteriocin Producing Lactobacillus paracasei WX322. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061278. [PMID: 34205121 PMCID: PMC8228740 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss and waste of postharvest vegetables are the main challenges facing the world’s vegetable supply. In this study, an innovative method of value-added transformation was provided: production of bacteriocin from vegetable waste, and then its application to preservation of vegetables. Antibacterial activity to soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium cartovorum (Pcb BZA12) indicated that tomato performed best in the nutrition supply for bacteriocin production among 12 tested vegetables. Moreover, the antibacterial activity was from Lactobacillus paracasei WX322, not components of vegetables. During a fermentation period of 10 days in tomato juice, L. paracasei WX322 grew well and antibacterial activity reached the maximum on the tenth day. Thermostability and proteinase sensitivity of the bacteriocin from tomato juice were the same with that from Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broth. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that the bacteriocin from tomato juice caused great damage to Pcb BZA12. At the same time, the bacteriocin from tomato juice significantly reduced the rotten rate of Chinese cabbage from 100% ± 0% to 20% ± 8.16% on the third day during storage. The rotten rate decrease of cucumber, tomato, and green bean was 100% ± 0% to 0% ± 0%, 70% ± 14.14% to 13.33% ± 9.43%, and 76.67% ± 4.71% to 26.67% ± 4.71%, respectively. Bacteriocin treatment did not reduce the rotten rate of balsam pear, but alleviated its symptoms.
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Yagi A, Nouchi R, Butler L, Kawashima R. Lutein Has a Positive Impact on Brain Health in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1746. [PMID: 34063827 PMCID: PMC8223987 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous systematic review revealed that lutein intake leads to improved cognitive function among older adults. However, the association between lutein intake and brain health remains unclear. METHODS We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library for research papers. The criteria were (1) an intervention study using oral lutein intake or a cross-sectional study that examined lutein levels and the brain, (2) participants were older adults, and (3) brain activities or structures were measured using a brain imaging technique (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or electroencephalography (EEG)). RESULTS Seven studies using MRI (brain activities during rest, cognitive tasks, and brain structure) and two studies using EEG were included. We mainly focused on MRI studies. Three intervention studies using MRI indicated that 10 mg lutein intake over 12 months had a positive impact on healthy older adults' brain activities during learning, resting-state connectivity, and gray matter volumes. Four cross-sectional studies using MRI suggested that lutein was positively associated with brain structure and neural efficiency during cognitive tasks. CONCLUSION Although only nine studies that used similar datasets were reviewed, this systematic review indicates that lutein has beneficial effects on healthy older adults' brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yagi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Laurie Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Association between Sour Taste SNP KCNJ2-rs236514, Diet Quality and Mild Cognitive Impairment in an Elderly Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030719. [PMID: 33668367 PMCID: PMC7996326 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in sour-taste thresholds have been identified in cognition-related diseases. Diet is a modulator of cognitive health, and taste perception influences dietary preferences and habits. Heritable genetics and polymorphisms in the KCNJ2 gene involved in the transduction of sour taste have been linked to variations in sour taste and non-gustatory functions. However, relationships between sour taste genetics, mild cognitive impairment, and diet quality are yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the associations between the presence of the KCNJ2-rs236514 variant (A) allele, diet quality indices, and mild cognitive impairment evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), in a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from the Retirement Health & Lifestyle Study. Data from 524 elderly Australians (≥65y) were analyzed, using standard least squares regression and nominal logistic regression modeling, with demographic adjustments applied. Results showed that the presence of the KCNJ2-A allele is associated with increased proportions of participants scoring in the range indicative of mild or more severe cognitive impairment (MMSE score of ≤26) in the total cohort, and males. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, and diet quality indices. The absence of association between the KCNJ2-A allele and cognitive impairment in women may be related to their higher diet quality scores in all indices. The potential link between sour taste genotype and cognitive impairment scores may be due to both oral and extra-oral functions of sour taste receptors. Further studies are required on the role and relationship of neurotransmitters, sour taste genotypes and sour taste receptors in the brain, and dietary implications, to identify potential risk groups or avenues for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions.
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Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010056. [PMID: 33375429 PMCID: PMC7824614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few years increasing interest has been focused on antioxidants as potentially useful agents in the prevention of the onset and progression of cognitive dysfunction. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel arm study, the effects of daily consumption of an antioxidant mix on cognitive function in healthy older adults were evaluated. After a 1 week run-in period, 80 subjects aged 60 years or more, and with no evidence of cognitive dysfunction, were randomly allocated to a mix of four bioactive compounds (bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12) or matched placebo, taken orally once a day for 8 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in trial making test (TMT) scores from baseline to 8 weeks of treatment, analyzed in the following hierarchical order: TMT-B, TMT-A, and TMT-B minus TMT-A. TMT-B increased in the control group (+3.46 s) and decreased in the active group (−17.63 s). The treatment difference was −21.01 s in favor of the active group (95% C.I. −26.80 to −15.2, p < 0.0001). The decrease in TMT-A was significantly higher in the active group (−6.86 s) than in the control group (−0.37 s). TMT-B minus TMT-A increased in the control group (+3.84 s) and decreased in the active group (−10.46 s). The increase in letter fluency in the verbal fluency test (VFT) was also significantly higher in the active group and statistically significant (+5.28 vs. +1.07 words; p < 0.001). Our findings provide encouraging evidence that regular dietary supplementation with bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 may be an effective dietary approach for counteracting cognitive changes associated with brain aging.
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Doorduijn AS, de van der Schueren MAE, van de Rest O, de Leeuw FA, Hendriksen HMA, Teunissen CE, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Visser M. Nutritional Status Is Associated With Clinical Progression in Alzheimer's Disease: The NUDAD Project. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 24:638-644.e1. [PMID: 33239240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In cognitively normal adults, nutritional parameters are related to cognitive decline and incidence of dementia. Studies on the role of nutrition in predementia stages subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, and mild stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in a clinical setting are lacking. In the absence of a curative treatment, this evidence is important for targeting nutritional factors to potentially prevent or delay further cognitive decline. Our aim is to investigate associations of nutritional parameters with clinical progression in patients ranging from those who are cognitively normal to those who have AD dementia. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Memory clinic, 551 patients (219 with subjective cognitive decline, 135 with mild cognitive impairment, and 197 with AD dementia), mean age 64 ± 8 years. MEASUREMENTS We assessed body mass index, fat-free mass, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, and dietary intake with the Dutch Healthy Diet food frequency questionnaire and the 238-item healthy life in an urban setting (HELIUS) food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations of nutritional parameters with clinical progression. Additional analyses were restricted to patients who were amyloid positive. RESULTS We observed clinical progression in 170 patients (31%) over 2.2 ± 0.9 years. Poorer Mini-Nutritional Assessment score [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.39 (1.18-1.64)], lower body mass index [1.15 (0.96-1.38)], lower fat-free mass [1.40 (0.93-2.10)], and a less healthy dietary pattern [1.22 (1.01-1.48)] were associated with a higher risk of clinical progression. Similar effect sizes were found in patients who were amyloid positive. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Poorer nutritional status and a less healthy dietary pattern are associated with a higher risk of clinical progression. This study provides support for investigating whether improving nutritional status can alter the clinical trajectory of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Doorduijn
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marian A E de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, School of Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francisca A de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen M A Hendriksen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Qiu P, Zeng M, Kuang W, Meng SS, Cai Y, Wang H, Wan Y. Heterogeneity in the dynamic change of cognitive function among older Chinese people: A growth mixture model. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1123-1133. [PMID: 32420669 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim is to distinguish different trajectories of cognitive change in Chinese geriatric population and identify risk factors for cognitive decline in each subpopulation. METHODS We obtained data from five waves (2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey, using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (C-MMSE) as a proxy for cognitive function. We applied growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify heterogeneous subpopulations and potential risk factors. RESULTS Our sample included 3859 older adults, 1387 (48.7%) male and 1974 (51.2%) female with age range of 62 to 108 (average of 74.5) at initial survey. Using GMM and best fit statistics, we identified two distinct subgroups in respect to their longitudinal cognitive function: (a) cognitively stable (87.8%) group with 0.49 C-MMSE points decline per 3 years, and (b) cognitively declining (12.2%) group with 6.03 C-MMSE points decline per 3 years. Of note, cognitive activities were protective, and hearing and visual impairments were risk factors in both groups. Diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular disease were associated with cognitive decline in the cognitively declining group. Physical activities, and intake of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish products were protective in the cognitively stable group. CONCLUSIONS Using GMM, we identified heterogeneity in trajectories of cognitive change in older Chinese people. Moreover, we found risk factors specific to each subgroup, which should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Qiu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Social System Design Lab, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Miao Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Steven Siyao Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care & Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Veronese N, Smith L, Sloane PD, Zimmerman S. Impact of Physical Activity and Nutrition on Dementia: A Growing Consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1392-1393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Azzolina D, Vedovelli L, Gallipoli S, French M, Ghidina M, Lamprecht M, Tsiountsioura M, Lorenzoni G, Gregori D. Nutrients and Caloric Intake Associated with Fruits, Vegetables, and Legumes in the Elderly European Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092746. [PMID: 32916924 PMCID: PMC7551243 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is emerging as a key factor in promoting healthy lifestyles in the growing elderly population across Europe. In this study, we examined the non-animal-derived food source consumption among the elderly European population to evaluate the actual contributions of these foods to the diet of the elders. We gathered 21 studies conducted in 17 European countries to evaluate the fruit, vegetable, and legume (along with their derived products) consumption among the elderly (>65 years) population. Foods' nutritional values were calculated and compared to the recommended intakes. A Bayesian multilevel hierarchical analysis was conducted to estimate the caloric intake of food categories and to compare the elderly and general adult populations. Although the lowest consumption was generally associated with the lowest nutrient and fiber intake, the reverse was not always the case. Concerning the general adult population, no differences in the related caloric intake of elders were noticed. Differences were instead evident when foods were divided into subclasses. Elderly populations consume fruit and fruit products, but they drink less fruit and vegetable juices and nectars. In conclusion, elderlies' fruit and vegetable consumption showed a peculiar pattern with respect to the general adult population, whose recognition could be helpful to address tailored policies. Constantly updated studies, including all the lifespan ages, are warranted to design tailored effective public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, 35143 Padova, Italy; (D.A.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
- Research Support Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, 35143 Padova, Italy; (D.A.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Megan French
- Zeta Research, 34122 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Ghidina
- Zeta Research, 34122 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (M.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Collierville, TN 38017, USA; (M.L.); (M.T.)
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Collierville, TN 38017, USA; (M.L.); (M.T.)
- Green Beat—Institute of Nutrient Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, 35143 Padova, Italy; (D.A.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, 35143 Padova, Italy; (D.A.); (L.V.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Dietary Inflammatory Potential and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Adults. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:109-120. [PMID: 31565731 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and diet have been suggested to enhance or inhibit cognitive performance and the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a systematic review to elucidate the relationship between the inflammatory capacity of a person's diet and the risk of incident neurodegenerative diseases. We searched major medical databases for articles published through June 30, 2018. Original, full-text, English-language articles on studies with human participants which investigated the link between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases were included. Duplicate and irrelevant studies were removed, and data were compiled through critical analysis. Initially, 457 articles were collected via the searching method, of which 196 studies remained after removal of duplicates. Fourteen articles were screened and found to be relevant to the scope of the review. After critical analysis, 10 were included in the final review. In all studies but one, a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) was related to higher risk of developing neurodegenerative disease symptoms, including memory and cognition decline and multiple sclerosis. Of 3 studies that assessed the association of DII with levels of circulating inflammation markers, 2 indicated that DII was positively correlated with inflammatory marker levels. Low literacy, an unhealthy lifestyle, and individual nutritional status were the factors involved in a diet with inflammatory potential. These findings enhance confidence that DII is an appropriate tool for measurement of dietary inflammatory potential and validate the role of diets with inflammatory potential in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. DII may be correlated with levels of circulating inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Barbaresko J, Lellmann AW, Schmidt A, Lehmann A, Amini AM, Egert S, Schlesinger S, Nöthlings U. Dietary Factors and Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1161-1173. [PMID: 32427314 PMCID: PMC7490166 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been hypothesized to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. The aim was to conduct an umbrella review to summarize and evaluate the current evidence of prospective associations between any dietary factors and the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library up to November 2019 to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prospective studies investigating the association between dietary factors (dietary patterns, foods and beverages, nutrients, and phytochemicals) and neurodegenerative disorders (cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, all-cause dementia, and Parkinson disease). Summary risk ratios (SRRs) and 95% CIs were recalculated using a random effects model. We evaluated the risk of bias of identified meta-analyses and the quality of evidence for all associations. In total, 20 meta-analyses including 98 SRRs were identified. All original meta-analyses were rated as being at high risk of bias. Methodological concerns related mainly to the inappropriate synthesis, assessment, and discussion of the risk of bias of primary studies. For the recalculated meta-analyses, quality of evidence was moderate for inverse associations between higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (SRR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82; n = 4 primary studies) and higher fish intake (SRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.89; n = 6) and Alzheimer disease, as well as for tea consumption and all-cause dementia (SRR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.88; n = 2) and Parkinson disease (SRR per 2 cups/d: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87; n = 5). This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on dietary factors and neurodegenerative disorders. The results indicate that the Mediterranean diet, fish, and tea could be inversely associated with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the quality of evidence was generally low, suggesting that further studies are likely to change the overall estimates. Thus, more well-conducted research, also investigating other dietary factors in association with neurodegenerative disorders, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janett Barbaresko
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Address correspondence to JB (e-mail: )
| | - Arno Werner Lellmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Egert
- German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Gehlich KH, Beller J, Lange-Asschenfeldt B, Köcher W, Meinke MC, Lademann J. Consumption of fruits and vegetables: improved physical health, mental health, physical functioning and cognitive health in older adults from 11 European countries. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:634-641. [PMID: 30729805 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1571011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables has been found to contribute to physical health and physical functioning. However, health is not limited to the absence of physical diseases but also encompasses mental health and cognition. Thus, we wanted to examine how the consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with overall health, including mental health and cognitive health of older European adults.Design: We used multilevel regression analysis (participants nested within countries) to examine the effects of nutrition on overall health. Participants were asked in 2011 about their health behaviour including nutritional habits. Several health outcomes were measured longitudinally in 2013: Self-rated health, grip strength, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, depression, quality of life, short-term memory, and long-term memory.Setting: We used the 2011 and 2013 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a multi-national population survey of older adults.Subjects:N = 22,635 older adults were sampled from 11 European countries.Results: Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with improved health outcomes, including cognitive and mental health.Conclusions: Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables contributes to slower disablement processes and might be an easily implementable way to improve the overall health of older adults. Future studies should examine the cross-national differences in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Gehlich
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Beller
- Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lange-Asschenfeldt
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | | | - Martina C Meinke
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Martín-María N, Caballero FF, Moreno-Agostino D, Olaya B, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M. Relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults: a longitudinal study. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:611-619. [PMID: 30590962 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1548567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: People who report better subjective well-being tend to be healthier in their daily behaviours. The objective of this study is to assess whether different components of subjective well-being are prospectively associated with different healthy lifestyle behaviours and to assess whether these associations differ by age.Method: A total of 1,892 participants aged 50+ living in Spain were interviewed in 2011-12 and 2014-15. Life satisfaction was measured with the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale. Positive and negative affect were assessed using the Day Reconstruction Method. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2. The remaining healthy lifestyle behaviours were self-reported. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) models were run.Results: Not having a heavy episodic alcohol drinking was the healthy lifestyle behaviour most fulfilled (97.97%), whereas the intake of five or more fruits and vegetables was the least followed (33.12%). GEE models conducted over the 50-64 and the 65+ age groups showed that a higher life satisfaction was significantly related to a higher physical activity in both groups. Relationships between a higher negative affect and presenting a lower level of physical activity, and a higher positive affect and following the right consumption of fruits and vegetables and being a non-daily smoker, were only found in the older group.Conclusion: The relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours was found fundamentally in those aged 65+ years. Interventions focused on incrementing subjective well-being would have an impact on keeping a healthy lifestyle and, therefore, on reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martín-María
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Moreno-Agostino
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
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67
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A Suboptimal Diet is Associated with Poorer Cognition: The NUDAD Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030703. [PMID: 32155876 PMCID: PMC7146357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, and is therefore highly relevant in the context of prevention. However, knowledge of dietary quality in clinical populations on the spectrum of AD dementia is lacking, therefore we studied the association between dietary quality and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. We included 357 participants from the NUDAD project (134 AD dementia, 90 MCI, 133 controls). We assessed adherence to dietary guidelines (components: vegetables, fruit, fibers, fish, saturated fat, trans-fat, salt, and alcohol), and cognitive performance (domains: memory, language, visuospatial functioning, attention, and executive functioning). In the total population, linear regression analyses showed a lower vegetable intake is associated with poorer global cognition, visuospatial functioning, attention and executive functioning. In AD dementia, lower total adherence to dietary guidelines and higher alcohol intake were associated with poorer memory, a lower vegetable intake with poorer global cognition and executive functioning, and a higher trans-fat intake with poorer executive functioning. In conclusion, a suboptimal diet is associated with more severely impaired cognition—this association is mostly attributable to a lower vegetable intake and is most pronounced in AD dementia.
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68
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Eating and healthy ageing: a longitudinal study on the association between food consumption, memory loss and its comorbidities. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:571-582. [PMID: 32052084 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the longitudinal association between food groups and memory loss and comorbid heart disease and diabetes (both Type 1 and 2) for people living in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS We assessed 139,096 adults (aged 45 years and over) from the 45 and Up Study who completed both baseline (2006-2009) and follow-up (2012-2015) surveys. Mixed linear and generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the longitudinal associations. RESULTS High consumption of fruit, vegetable and protein-rich food associated with lower odds of memory loss. High consumption of fruit and vegetables also associated with lower odds of comorbid heart disease (p ≤ 0.001). People who aged ≥ 80 years with low consumption of cereals had the highest odds of memory loss and comorbid heart disease than people in other age groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the longitudinal association of fruit and vegetable in relation to memory loss and comorbid heart disease. Age effects on cereals consumption which have an influence on memory loss and comorbid heart disease.
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69
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Hypothetical Interventions on Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031021. [PMID: 32041194 PMCID: PMC7036763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of psychosocial and dietary interventions on risk of cognitive impairment is not known. The aim of this study was to estimate the 10-year risks of cognitive impairment under hypothetical interventions of psychosocial factors and dietary intake among Chinese older adults. A sample of 7377 respondents aged 65 and over was drawn from the last four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2011/2012. The parametric g-formula was used to estimate the risk of cognitive impairment under independent hypothetical interventions of social engagement, psychological well-being (PWB), dietary intake, and the joint interventions of their different combination. The observed risk of cognitive impairment was 20.08% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.81, 21.07). The risk ratios (RR) of cognitive impairment under the hypothetical interventions on higher social engagement, eating fruits at least sometimes, eating vegetables at least sometimes, positive PWB were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.82), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.95), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), respectively. The RR of joint intervention was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.73). Hypothetical interventions on psychosocial factors such as social engagement and PWB, as well as fruits and vegetable intake, were beneficial to protect older adults from cognitive impairment.
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Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, Burton-Freeman B, Chen CYO, Crowe-White KM, Drewnowski A, Hooshmand S, Johnson E, Lewis R, Murray R, Shapses SA, Wang DD. Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2174-2211. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - C-y. Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Lewis
- Bone and Body Composition Laboratory, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Murray
- College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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71
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Gómez-Gómez ME, Zapico SC. Frailty, Cognitive Decline, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Nutrition Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112842. [PMID: 31212645 PMCID: PMC6600148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the human population is aging faster. This leads to higher dependency rates and the transformation of health and social care to adapt to this aged population. Among the changes developed by this population is frailty. It is defined as a clinically detectable syndrome, related to the aging of multiple physiological systems, which prompts a situation of vulnerability. The etiology of frailty seems to be multifactorial and its pathophysiology is influenced by the interaction of numerous factors. Morley et al. propose four main mechanisms triggering the frailty: atherosclerosis, sarcopenia, cognitive deterioration and malnutrition, with their respective metabolic alterations. Malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment or functional loss, but it is also known that an inadequate nutritional status predisposes to cognitive frailty. Additionally, nutritional factors that may influence vascular risk factors will potentially have an effect on dementia decline among patients with cognitive frailty. This review aims to describe the nutritional factors that have been researched so far which may lead to the development of frailty, and especially cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara C Zapico
- International Forensic Research Institute and Chemistry Department, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St., CP323, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Anthropology Department, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, MRC 112, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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72
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Fortune NC, Harville EW, Guralnik JM, Gustat J, Chen W, Qi L, Bazzano LA. Dietary intake and cognitive function: evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1656-1663. [PMID: 31136655 PMCID: PMC6900495 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia and late-life cognitive decline are leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Prevention of these diseases, by maintaining brain health throughout the life course, is essential. Diet and lifestyle changes are the chief strategies aimed at primary prevention for many of the risk factors of cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the potential impact of dietary factors on cognitive function. METHODS This prospective cohort study followed 516 young adults through midlife. The Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire was used to collect habitual nutrition data (mean age: 32.03 ± 5.96 y) at baseline. Scores from a neurocognitive battery were used to assess cognitive function (mean age: 49.03 ± 4.86 y) at follow-up and were transformed to z scores. Separate multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted. The trend across quintiles for each dietary variable was assessed. RESULTS Vitamin B-6, whole grains, processed meats, and foods fried at home all displayed significant linear trends in their relation with cognitive function. Dietary intake of vitamin B-6 and whole grains was directly associated with better cognitive function after adjustment for age, race, sex, and total calorie intake (β coefficient from linear regression and SE: 1.755 ± 0.621, P = 0.005, and 0.001 ± 0.000, P = 0.018, respectively). Processed meat and foods fried at home consistently displayed inverse associations with cognitive function across crude and adjusted models (linear trend P values were 0.05 and <0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dietary consumption in young adulthood may affect cognitive function in midlife. Strong associations between dietary intake and cognition were observed in our analysis, but as with all observational studies, the possibility of residual confounding cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack M Guralnik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Lu Qi
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Obesity Research Center, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Abstract
Decreases in cognitive function related to increases in oxidative stress and inflammation occur with ageing. Acknowledging the free radical-quenching activity and anti-inflammatory action of the carotenoid lycopene, the aim of the present review was to assess if there is evidence for a protective relationship between lycopene and maintained cognitive function or between lycopene and development or progression of dementia. A systematic literature search identified five cross-sectional and five longitudinal studies examining these outcomes in relation to circulating or dietary lycopene. Among four studies evaluating relationships between lycopene and maintained cognition, three reported significant positive relationships. Neither of the two studies reporting on relationship between lycopene and development of dementia reported significant results. Of four studies investigating circulating lycopene and pre-existing dementia, only one reported significant associations between lower circulating lycopene and higher rates of Alzheimer's disease mortality. Acknowledging heterogeneity among studies, there is insufficient evidence and a paucity of data to draw firm conclusions or tease apart direct effects of lycopene. Nevertheless, as low circulating lycopene is a predictor of all-cause mortality, further investigation into its relationship with cognitive longevity and dementia-related mortality is warranted.
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74
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Dietary Patterns Are Related to Clinical Characteristics in Memory Clinic Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: The SCIENCe Project. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051057. [PMID: 31083522 PMCID: PMC6566666 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As nutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, we studied the relationship between dietary quality and clinical characteristics in cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We included 165 SCD subjects (age: 64 ± 8 years; 45% female) from the SCIENCe project, a prospective memory clinic based cohort study on SCD. The Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHD-FFQ) was used to assess adherence to Dutch guidelines on vegetable, fruit, fibers, fish, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, salt and alcohol intake (item score 0-10, higher score indicating better adherence). We measured global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), cognitive complaints (Cognitive Change Index self-report; CCI) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). Using principal component analysis, we identified dietary components and investigated their relation to clinical characteristics using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and education. We identified three dietary patterns: (i) "low-Fat-low-Salt", (ii) "high-Veggy", and (iii) "low-Alcohol-low-Fish". Individuals with lower adherence on "low-Fat-low-Salt" had more depressive symptoms (β -0.18 (-2.27--0.16)). Higher adherence to "high-Veggy" was associated with higher MMSE scores (β 0.30 (0.21-0.64)). No associations were found with the low-Alcohol-low-Fish component. We showed that in SCD subjects, dietary quality was related to clinically relevant outcomes. These findings could be useful to identify individuals that might benefit most from nutritional prevention strategies to optimize brain health.
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Nascimento PC, Castro MML, Magno MB, Almeida APCPSC, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC, Lima RR. Association Between Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment in Adults: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:323. [PMID: 31105630 PMCID: PMC6492457 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease and may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Based on the contribution of periodontitis to systemic inflammation and the potential role of systemic inflammation in neuroinflammation, many epidemiological studies have investigated a possible association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical/epidemiological evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline in adult patients. A search conducted between September and October 2018 was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, with no publication date or language restrictions. Analytical observational studies in adults (P—Participants), with (E—Exposure) and without periodontitis (C—Comparison) were included in order to determine the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline (O—Outcome). The search identified 509 references, of which eight observational studies were accorded with the eligibility criteria and evaluated. The results should, however, be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of studies. This systematic review points to the need for further well-designed studies, such as longitudinal observational studies with control of modifiable variables, as diagnostic criteria and time since diagnosis of periodontitis and cognitive impairment, to confirm the proposed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Micaele Maria Lopes Castro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
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Fardet A, Richonnet C, Mazur A. Association between consumption of fruit or processed fruit and chronic diseases and their risk factors: a systematic review of meta-analyses. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:376-387. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- University of Clermont Auvergne, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - André Mazur
- University of Clermont Auvergne, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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77
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Li M, Ho KK, Hayes M, Ferruzzi MG. The Roles of Food Processing in Translation of Dietary Guidance for Whole Grains, Fruits, and Vegetables. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:569-596. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend the consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables as part of a healthy diet. However, current consumption patterns suggest that most Americans are not meeting these recommendations. The challenge remains to align the DGA guidance with the food environment and consumers’ expectations for product quality, availability, and affordability. Currently, processed foods play an increasingly important role in American diets. Often characterized as unhealthy, processed foods are contributors to both food and nutritional security. When the alignment of processing strategies with DGA principles exists, achieving DGA goals is more likely, regardless of processing level. In this review, select processing strategies for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are described to show how DGA principles can guide processing efforts to create healthier products. Although whole grains, supported by industry-wide innovation and guidance, have had some success with consumers, improving intake of fruit and vegetable products remains a challenge. Closing consumption gaps requires new innovations and products aligned with consumer preferences and DGA principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
| | - Kacie K.H.Y. Ho
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28281, USA
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Ge M, Zhang L, Cao L, Xie C, Li X, Li Y, Meng Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Q, Shao J, Zhong C. Sulforaphane inhibits gastric cancer stem cells via suppressing sonic hedgehog pathway. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:570-578. [PMID: 30624124 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1545012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is the major component extracted from broccoli/broccoli sprouts. It has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity. Gastric cancer is common cancer worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SFN on gastric cancer by Sonic hedgehog (Hh) Pathway. The results found that tumorsphere formation and the expression levels of gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers were significantly decreased after SFN treatment. SFN also exerted inhibitory effects by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in gastric CSCs. Intriguingly, SFN inhibited the activation of Sonic Hh, a key pathway in maintaining the stemness of gastric CSCs. Upregulation of Sonic Hh pathway diminished the inhibitory effects of SFN on gastric CSCs. Collectively, these data revealed that SFN could be a potent natural compound targeting gastric CSCs via suppression of Sonic Hh pathway, which might be an promising agent for gastric cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lina Cao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuan Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu Meng
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jihong Shao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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79
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Lehtisalo J, Levälahti E, Lindström J, Hänninen T, Paajanen T, Peltonen M, Antikainen R, Laatikainen T, Strandberg T, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M, Ngandu T. Dietary changes and cognition over 2 years within a multidomain intervention trial-The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:410-417. [PMID: 30527596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Association between healthy diet and better cognition is well established, but evidence is limited to evaluate the effect of dietary changes adopted in older age. METHODS We investigated the role of dietary changes in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) with 1260 at-risk participants (60-77 years) who were randomized to intensive multidomain intervention (including dietary counseling) or regular health advice for 2 years. Parallel process latent growth curves of adherence to dietary recommendations and cognitive performance were analyzed. RESULTS Adherence to healthy diet at baseline predicted improvement in global cognition, regardless of intervention allocation (P = .003). Dietary improvement was associated with beneficial changes in executive function, especially in the intervention group (P = .008; P = .051 for groups combined). DISCUSSION Dietary changes initiated during the intervention were related to changes in executive function in 2 years. Long-term diet appeared more influential for global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Lehtisalo
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Esko Levälahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Paajanen
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Oulu City Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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80
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Wu S, Fisher-Hoch SP, Reininger B, McCormick JB. Association between fruit and vegetable intake and symptoms of mental health conditions in Mexican Americans. Health Psychol 2018; 37:1059-1066. [PMID: 30299120 PMCID: PMC6188785 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No studies so far have shown the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on mental disorders in Mexican Americans, for whom mental illness is an important health issue. This study measured the association of fruit and vegetable intake with the symptoms of cognitive impairment, the indication of increased risk of dementia, anxiety, and depression in Mexican Americans. METHOD Participants were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (N = 3,943), a randomly selected Mexican American cohort in Texas on the United States-Mexico border. Consumption of fruit and vegetables and symptoms of four mental disorders were assessed using reliable and validated instruments. RESULTS Among 2,702 participants (mean age = 50 years, 34% male) with available data, 213 had cognitive impairment, 61 had the indication of increased risk of dementia, 626 had depression, 196 had anxiety, and 787 (29.13%) had mental disorders (i.e., any symptoms of the above four disorders). Participants who met recommendations of 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day were less likely to have anxiety (OR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.08, 0.65], cognitive impairment (OR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.05, 0.46]), and indication of increased risk of dementia (OR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.03, 0.86]) compared with those who did not meet recommendations, after adjusting for covariates. Every portion increment of total fruit and vegetable intake was significantly associated with the reduced odds of mental disorders by 11% and the odds of cognitive impairment by 32%, with the adjustment of other covariates. No significant associations were found between fruit and vegetable intake and depression. CONCLUSION Fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with symptoms of cognitive impairment, the indication of increased risk of dementia, and anxiety in Mexican Americans. Improving consumption of fruit and vegetables may be a convenient target for mental disorder-symptoms prevention and control among Mexican Americans, independent of other factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio-Laredo Campus, Laredo, TX (SW)
| | - Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX (SPF, JBM)
| | - Belinda Reininger
- Division of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX
| | - Joseph B. McCormick
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX (SPF, JBM)
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81
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Flores-Félix JD, Velázquez E, García-Fraile P, González-Andrés F, Silva LR, Rivas R. Rhizobium and Phyllobacterium bacterial inoculants increase bioactive compounds and quality of strawberries cultivated in field conditions. Food Res Int 2018; 111:416-422. [PMID: 30007704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are widely demanded by the consumers because they contain several bioactive compounds, mainly vitamin C and anthocyanins, which may be increased by biofertilization with some plant growth promoting bacteria. In this work we have analysed two bacterial strains, PEPV15 and PEPV16, from genera Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium, respectively, which under microcosms conditions were able to promote the strawberry growth, increasing the content of some bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C or organic acids. Here we have analysed the effect on bioactive compounds in strawberries from plants biofertilized with the strains PEPV15 and PEPV16 in field conditions. Under these conditions, the anthocyanin content was increased when plants were biofertilized with the strain PEPV15 and the pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside content significantly increased. Besides, citric acid, vitamin C and epicatechin contents were significantly higher when either of the two strains was used as biofertilizer. Our results showed that the inoculation with Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium strains is a good agronomical practice, which improve the content of several bioactive compounds of strawberries increasing the beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Flores-Félix
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain; "Interacción Planta-Microorganismo" Associated Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Andrés
- Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain; "Interacción Planta-Microorganismo" Associated Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
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Dietary Patterns Associated with Cognitive Function among the Older People in Underdeveloped Regions: Finding from the NCDFaC Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040464. [PMID: 29642510 PMCID: PMC5946249 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dietary patterns are crucial to cognitive function, associations of dietary patterns with cognitive function have not yet been fully understood. This cross-sectional study explored dietary patterns associated with cognitive function among the older adults in underdeveloped regions, using 1504 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and over. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Two dietary patterns, a “mushroom, vegetable, and fruits” (MVF) pattern and a “meat and soybean products” (MS) pattern, were identified. The MVF pattern, characterized by high consumption of mushrooms, vegetables, and fruits was significantly positively associated with cognitive function (p < 0.05), with an odds ratio of (95% CIs) 0.60 (0.38, 0.94) for cognitive impairment and β (95% CIs) 0.15 (0.02, 0.29) for –log (31-MMSE score). The MS pattern, characterized by high consumption of soybean products and meat, was also associated with better cognitive function, with an odds ratio of 0.47 (95% CIs 0.30, 0.74) for cognitive impairment and β (95% CIs) 0.34 (0.21, 0.47) for –log (31-MMSE score). Our results suggested that both the MVF and MS patterns were positively associated with better cognitive function among older adults in underdeveloped regions.
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83
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Dietary inflammatory index and memory function: population-based national sample of elderly Americans. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:552-558. [PMID: 29361990 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary inflammatory potential and memory and cognitive functioning among a representative sample of the US older adult population. Cross-sectional data from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilised to identify an aggregate sample of adults 60-85 years of age (n 1723). Dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores were calculated using 24-h dietary recall interviews. Three memory-related assessments were employed, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) Word Learning subset, the Animal Fluency test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Inverse associations were observed between DII scores and the different memory parameters. Episodic memory (CERAD) (b adjusted=-0·39; 95 % CI -0·79, 0·00), semantic-based memory (Animal Fluency Test) (b adjusted=-1·18; 95 % CI -2·17, -0·20) and executive function and working-memory (DSST) (b adjusted=-2·80; 95 % CI -5·58, -0·02) performances were lowest among those with the highest mean DII score. Though inverse relationships were observed between DII scores and memory and cognitive functioning, future work is needed to further explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between inflammation-related dietary behaviour and memory and cognition.
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Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Korean Adults Using Reduced Rank Regression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010100. [PMID: 29315276 PMCID: PMC5800199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role in cognitive function. Few studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive functions of older adults in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify the effect of dietary patterns on the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 239 participants, including 88 men and 151 women, aged 65 years and older were selected from health centers in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon, in Korea. Dietary patterns were determined using Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) methods with responses regarding vitamin B6, vitamin C, and iron intakes, based on both a one-day 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between dietary pattern score and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 20 (8%) out of the 239 participants had mild cognitive impairment. Three dietary patterns were identified: seafood and vegetables, high meat, and bread, ham, and alcohol. Among the three dietary patterns, the older adult population who adhered to the seafood and vegetables pattern, characterized by high intake of seafood, vegetables, fruits, bread, snacks, soy products, beans, chicken, pork, ham, egg, and milk had a decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment compared to those who did not (adjusted odds ratios 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.72) after controlling for gender, supplementation, education, history of dementia, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and duration of sleep. The other two dietary patterns were not significantly associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment. In conclusion, high consumption of fruits, vegetables, seafood, and protein foods was significantly associated with reduced mild cognitive impairment in older Korean adults. These results can contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines targeting older Korean adults to reduce mild cognitive impairments. Future prospective cohort studies are warranted to examine the effect of the seafood and vegetable dietary pattern on reducing mild cognitive impairment to prove the cause-effect relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function.
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