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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134623. [PMID: 32610582 PMCID: PMC7369858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still fraught with many challenges, including established methods for loading EVs with selected cargo and directing them towards target cells. EVs could be loaded with selected cargo either in vitro using several physicochemical techniques, or in vivo by modification of parental cell, which may have an advantage over in vitro procedures, since some of them significantly influence EVs’ properties. Otherwise, our research findings suggest that EVs could be passively supplemented with micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA antagonists to induce expected biological effect. Furthermore, our observations imply that antigen-specific antibody light chains could coat the surface of EVs to increase the specificity of cell targeting. Finally, the route of EVs’ administration also determines their bioavailability and eventually induced therapeutic effect. Besides, EV membrane lipids may possibly possess immune adjuvant activity. The review summarizes the current knowledge on the possibilities to manipulate EVs to use them as a delivery tool, with the special emphasis on anti-cancer therapy.
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52
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Zhang J, Li H, Fan B, Xu W, Zhang X. Extracellular vesicles in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4377-4388. [PMID: 32175696 PMCID: PMC7176865 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membranous vesicles released by almost all types of cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into distinct subtypes according to their sizes, origins and functions. Extracellular vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication through the transfer of a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules, contributing to the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes. Recently, it has been established that EVs mediate foetal‐maternal communication across gestation. Abnormal changes in EVs have been reported to be critically involved in pregnancy‐related diseases. Moreover, EVs have shown great potential to serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pregnancy‐related diseases. In this review, we discussed about the roles of EVs in normal pregnancy and how changes in EVs led to complicated pregnancy with an emphasis on their values in predicting and monitoring of pregnancy‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Boyue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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53
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Ni YQ, Lin X, Zhan JK, Liu YS. Roles and Functions of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2020; 11:164-178. [PMID: 32010490 PMCID: PMC6961769 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive loss of physiological integrity and functionality process which increases susceptibility and mortality to diseases. Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging. The structure and function changes of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main cause of vascular aging, which could influence the threshold, process, and severity of vascular related diseases. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that exosomes serve as novel intercellular information communicator between cell to cell by delivering variety biologically active cargos, especially exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are associated with most of aging-related biological and functional disorders. In this review, we will summerize the emerging roles and mechanisms of exosomal ncRNAs in vascular aging and vascular aging related diseases, focusing on the role of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating the functions of ECs and VSMCs. Moreover, the relationship between the ECs and VSMCs linked by exosomes, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic application of exosomes in vascular aging and the clinical evaluation and treatment of vascular aging and vascular aging related diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun-Kun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Yang H, Ma Q, Wang Y, Tang Z. Clinical application of exosomes and circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of pregnancy complications and foetal abnormalities. J Transl Med 2020; 18:32. [PMID: 31969163 PMCID: PMC6975063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy in humans, the physiology of the mother and foetus are finely regulated by many factors. Inappropriate regulation can result in pregnancy disorders, such as complications and foetal abnormalities. The early prediction or accurate diagnosis of related diseases is a concern of researchers. Liquid biopsy can be analysed for circulating cells, cell-free nucleic acids, and exosomes. Because exosomes can be detected in the peripheral blood of women in early pregnancy, these vesicles and their contents have become the focus of early prediction or diagnostic biomarker research on pregnancy complications and foetal developmental disorders. In this review, we focus on recent studies addressing the roles of peripheral blood exosomes and circulating miRNAs in pregnancy complications and in pregnancies with abnormal foetal developmental disorders, with particular attention paid to the potential application value of exosomes and circulating miRNAs as disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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55
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Sheller-Miller S, Choi K, Choi C, Menon R. Cyclic-recombinase-reporter mouse model to determine exosome communication and function during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:502.e1-502.e12. [PMID: 31207235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, feto-maternal communication can be mediated through extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, 30- to 150-nm particles released from each cell. Exosomes carry cellular signals, and traffic between fetal and maternal tissues to produce functional changes in recipient cells. Exosomes may function as a biomarker indicative of the physiologic status of their tissue of origin. These properties of exosomes during pregnancy are not well studied. OBJECTIVE To test exosome trafficking and function, we used a transgenic mouse model containing membrane-targeted, red fluorescent protein tdTomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein cyclic recombinase-reporter construct expressed only in fetal tissues. This model allows fetal tissues and their exosomes to express tdTomato under normal conditions or green fluorescent protein if fetal tissues are exposed to cyclic recombinase that will excise tdTomato. As maternal tissue remains negative for this construct, tdTomato/green fluorescent protein expression and their switching can be used to determine fetal-specific cell and exosome trafficking. MATERIALS AND METHODS tdTomato/green fluorescent protein-homozygous male mice were mated with wild-type females to have all fetal tissues express the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein allele. Red fluorescence due to tdTomato expression of the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein allele in fetal tissues (placenta, fetal membranes) was confirmed by confocal microscopy on embryonic day 16. Localization of fetal exosomes in maternal uterine tissues were performed by immunostaining for exosome marker CD81 and tdTomato expression followed by confocal microscopy. Fetal exosomes (tdTomato-positive) in maternal plasma were immunoprecipitated using anti-red fluorescent protein tdTomato, followed by confirmation with flow cytometry. To further illustrate the fidelity of fetal exosomes in maternal samples, exosomes bioengineered to contain cyclic recombinase (1.0 × 1010 exosomes) were injected intraperitoneally on embryonic day 13. On embryonic day 16, fetal (placenta and fetal membranes) tissues were imaged to show tdTomato-to-green fluorescent protein transition. The green fluorescent protein-expressing exomes were localized in maternal tissues (confocal microscopy) and plasma (flow cytometry). RESULTS Mating between a male with the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein construct and a null female resulted in fetal tissues and their exosomes expressing tdTomato positivity. Total fetal exosomes in maternal plasma was about 35%. tdTomato-positive exosomes were isolated from maternal plasma and immunostaining localized tdTomato-positive exosomes in maternal uterine tissues. Maternal intraperitoneal injection of cyclic recombinase-enriched exosomes crossed placenta, excised tdTomato from the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein construct in the fetal tissues, and caused green fluorescent protein expression in fetal cells. Furthermore, green fluorescent protein-positive exosomes released from fetal cells were isolated from maternal blood. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we report feto-maternal and maternal-fetal trafficking of exosomes indicative of paracrine signaling during pregnancy. Exosomes from the maternal side can produce functional changes in fetal tissues. Trafficking of exosomes suggests their potential role in pregnancy as biomarkers of fetal functions and usefulness as a carrier of drugs and other cargo to the fetal side during pregnancy. Isolation and characterization of fetal exosomes can advance fetal research without performing invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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56
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Yang C, Lim W, Park J, Park S, You S, Song G. Anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-146a-5p and microRNA-548e-5p on human trophoblast cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:755-771. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to improve the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells; however, little is known about whether MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs can regulate trophoblast cell properties. In this study, we investigated whether exosomal miRNAs from amniotic fluid-derived MSC (AF-MSC) could regulate the inflammatory response of the human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. We verified the anti-inflammatory effects of AF-MSCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory trophoblast cells and found that miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p in the AF-MSC–derived exosomes regulate nuclear factor κB, AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that the transfection of human trophoblast cells with miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p inhibitors reduced trophoblast migration (P < 0.05 vs control) and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a protein essential for cell proliferation (P < 0.01 vs control). In particular, the miR-548e-5p inhibitor induced apoptosis, while tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6, a predicted target of miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p, was involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in the human trophoblast cells. In a mouse model of LPS-induced preterm birth (PB), miR-146a-5p expression was found to be relatively low in the group in which the effect of AF-MSCs was insignificant. However, this study is limited in that the changes in the expression of some genes in response to AF-MSCs differ between the cell line and mouse model. Collectively, these data show that exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p from AF-MSCs have anti-inflammatory effects on human trophoblast cells and may be novel targets for treating inflammatory diseases and associated problems that occur during pregnancy, such as PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Brown TJ, Kollara A, Shathasivam P, Ringuette MJ. Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain Containing 1 (VEPH1): an adaptor protein capable of modulating multiple signaling transduction pathways during normal and pathological development. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:116. [PMID: 31500637 PMCID: PMC6734325 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain-Containing 1 (VEPH1) is an 833-amino acid protein encoded by an evolutionarily conserved single-copy gene that emerged with pseudocoelomates. This gene has no paralog in any species identified to date and few studies have investigated the function of its encoded protein. Loss of expression of its ortholog, melted, in Drosophila results in a severe neural phenotype and impacts TOR, FoxO, and Hippo signaling. Studies in mammals indicate a role for VEPH1 in modulating TGFβ signaling and AKT activation, while numerous studies indicate VEPH1 expression is altered in several pathological conditions, including cancer. Although often referred to as an uncharacterized protein, available evidence supports VEPH1 as an adaptor protein capable of modulating multiple signal transduction networks. Further studies are required to define these adaptor functions and the role of VEPH1 in development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Premalatha Shathasivam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray Street, Box 42, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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58
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Hou R, Li Y, Sui Z, Yuan H, Yang K, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Advances in exosome isolation methods and their applications in proteomic analysis of biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5351-5361. [PMID: 31267193 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, and contain various important biological molecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, microRNAs, and noncoding RNAs. Emerging evidence demonstrates that proteomic analysis of exosomes is of great significance in studying metabolic diseases, tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and so forth. However, exosome proteomic analysis has high requirements with regard to the purity of collected exosomes. Here recent advances in the methods for isolating exosomes and their applications in proteomic analysis are summarized. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Yilan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
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Herrera-Van Oostdam AS, Salgado-Bustamante M, López JA, Herrera-Van Oostdam DA, López-Hernández Y. Placental exosomes viewed from an 'omics' perspective: implications for gestational diabetes biomarkers identification. Biomark Med 2019; 13:675-684. [PMID: 31157549 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are defined as extracellular vesicles that are released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment - the multivesicular body - with the plasma membrane. Recently, placenta-derived exosomes have gained special attention, since they play a crucial role in the communication between the mother and fetus. It is known that the concentration of placenta-derived exosomes in the maternal bloodstream is higher in patients with preeclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus. However, their composition in terms of the content of proteins, nucleic acids or lipids is uncertain. In this work, we reviewed the recent advances in placental exosomes characterization through omics-based methods, and their potential to predict gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Herrera-Van Oostdam
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Mariana Salgado-Bustamante
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- MicroRNAs Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, PC 98610, Mexico
| | - David A Herrera-Van Oostdam
- Department of Rheumatology & Pathology, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto,' Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Yamilé López-Hernández
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Zacatecas, PC 98610, Mexico
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Liu W, Luo M, Zou L, Liu X, Wang R, Tao H, Wu D, Zhang W, Luo Q, Zhao Y. uNK cell-derived TGF-β1 regulates the long noncoding RNA MEG3 to control vascular smooth muscle cell migration and apoptosis in spiral artery remodeling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15997-16007. [PMID: 31099432 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful pregnancy depends on correct spiral artery (SpA) remodeling, and thus, on normal patterns of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis and migration. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells-derived transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is known to mediate the separation of VSMC layers via as yet unknown mechanisms. Likewise, the long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor suppressor that has been shown to regulate cancer cell apoptosis and migration; however, its role in VSMC loss is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of uNK-derived TGF-β1 and MEG3 on VSMC function during SpA. Analyses were conducted to assess the effects of downregulating MEG3 expression, and/or administering treatments to increase or block TGF-β1 signaling on VSMC survival and behavior. The results of these analyses showed that treating the VSMC with uNK cell-derived supernatant or recombinant human TGF-β1 promoted MEG3 and matrix metalloprotease 2 expression and VSMC apoptosis and migration, and suppressed VSMC proliferation. Conversely, MEG3 silencing promoted VSMC proliferation and inhibited VSMC apoptosis and migration. Notably, TGF-β1 signaling induction had no significant effect on the proliferation, apoptosis, nor migration of the MEG3-silenced VSMC. Together, these findings suggest that MEG3 is regulated by uNK-derived TGF-β1, and itself mediates VSMC apoptosis and migration; thus, it may be an important positive regulator of VSMCs separation during maternal SpA remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglian Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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61
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Tao H, Liu X, Liu X, Liu W, Wu D, Wang R, Lv G. LncRNA MEG3 inhibits trophoblast invasion and trophoblast-mediated VSMC loss in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:686-695. [PMID: 31066488 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) migrate into uterine decidua and induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss through mechanisms thought to involve migration and apoptosis, achieving complete spiral artery remodeling. Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) can regulate diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation and migration, and has been discovered highly expressed in human placenta tissues. However, little is known about the role of MEG3 in modulating EVT functions and EVT-induced VSMC loss. In this study, we first examined the location of MEG3 in human first-trimester placenta by in situ hybridization. Then, exogenous upregulation of MEG3 in HTR-8/SVneo cells was performed to investigate the effects of MEG3 on EVT motility and EVT capacity to displace VSMCs. Meanwhile, the molecules mediating EVT-induced VSMC loss, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas ligand (FasL), and tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were detected at transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, VSMCs were cocultured with MEG3-upregulated HTR-8/SVneo to explore the role of MEG3 on EVT-mediated VSMC migration and apoptosis. Results showed that MEG3 was expressed in trophoblasts in placental villi and decidua, and MEG3 enhancement inhibited HTR-8/SVneo migration and invasion. Meanwhile, the displacement of VSMCs by HTR-8/SVneo and the expression of TNF-α, FasL and TRAIL in HTR-8/SVneo were reduced following MEG3 overexpression in HTR-8/SVneo. Furthermore, HTR-8/SVneo with MEG3 upregulation impaired VSMC migration and apoptosis. The PI3K/Akt pathway, which is possibly downstream, was inactivated in MEG3-upregulated HTR-8/SVneo. These findings suggest that MEG3 might be a negative regulator of spiral artery remodeling via suppressing EVT invasion and EVT-mediated VSMC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cavallini C, Zannini C, Olivi E, Tassinari R, Taglioli V, Rossi M, Poggi P, Chatgilialoglu A, Simonazzi G, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Ventura C. Restoring In Vivo-Like Membrane Lipidomics Promotes Exosome Trophic Behavior from Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:55-69. [PMID: 29562775 PMCID: PMC6434476 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an effective tool in regenerative medicine notably for their intrinsic plentiful paracrine activity rather than differentiating properties. The hMSC secretome includes a wide spectrum of regulatory and trophic factors, encompassing several naked molecules as well as different kinds of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, exosomes represent an intriguing population, able to shuttle proteins, transcription factors, and genetic materials, with a relevant role in cell-to-cell communication, modulating biological responses in recipient cells. In this context, the extracellular milieu can greatly impact the paracrine activity of stem cells, modifying their metabolism, and the dynamics of vesicle secretion. In the present study, we investigated the effects elicited on exosome patterning by tailored, ad hoc formulated lipid supplementation (Refeed®) in MSCs derived from human fetal membranes (hFM-MSCs). Wound healing experiments revealed that stem cell exposure to exosomes obtained from Refeed®-supplemented hFM-MSCs increased their migratory capability, although the amount of exosomes released after Refeed® supplementation was lower than that yielded from non-supplemented cells. We found that such a decrease was mainly due to a different rate of exosomal exocytosis rather than to an effect of the lipid supplement on the endocytic pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis was modified by supplementation, through the upregulation of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Increased expression of these proteins did not lead to stress-induced, unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated apoptosis, nor did it affect phosphorylation of p38 kinase, suggesting that PERK and IRE1α overexpression was due to augmented metabolic activities mediated by optimization of a cellular feeding network afforded through lipid supplementation. In summary, these results demonstrate how tailored lipid supplementation can successfully modify the paracrine features in hFM-MSCs, impacting both intracellular vesicle trafficking and secreted exosome number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cavallini
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- 3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy.,4 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Olivi
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassinari
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- 2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,6 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuliana Simonazzi
- 8 Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,9 CNR, Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività ISOF), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Menon R, Dixon CL, Sheller-Miller S, Fortunato SJ, Saade GR, Palma C, Lai A, Guanzon D, Salomon C. Quantitative Proteomics by SWATH-MS of Maternal Plasma Exosomes Determine Pathways Associated With Term and Preterm Birth. Endocrinology 2019; 160:639-650. [PMID: 30668697 PMCID: PMC6388657 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles that transport molecular signals between cells. This study determined changes in maternal plasma exosome proteomics contents in term and preterm births. Maternal plasma (MP) samples were collected from group 1: term not in labor (TNIL, n = 13); group 2: term in labor (TL, n = 11); group 3: preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM, n = 8); and group 4: preterm birth (PTB, n = 13). Exosomes isolated from plasma by differential density centrifugation followed by size exclusion chromatography were characterized by morphology (electron microscopy), quantity and size (nanoparticle tracking analysis), and markers (western blot). A quantitative, information-independent acquisition [sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS)] approach was used to determine the protein profile in exosomes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis determined pathways associated with the protein profile identified in exosomes. MP exosomes were spherical, had a mean diameter of 120 nm, and were positive for exosomal proteins CD63 and TSG101 irrespective of pregnancy status. No distinct changes in exosome quantities were seen in maternal circulation across the groups. SWATH-MS identified 72 statistically significant proteins across the groups studied. Bioinformatics analysis showed the proteins within the exosomes in TNIL, TL, pPROM, and PTB target pathways mainly associated with inflammatory and metabolic signals. Exosomal data suggest that homeostatic imbalances, specifically inflammatory and endocrine signaling, might disrupt pregnancy maintenance resulting in labor-related changes both at term and preterm. Reflection of physiologic changes in exosomes is suggestive of its usefulness as biomarkers and cellular function indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
- Correspondence: Ramkumar Menon, MS, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11.138 Medical Research Building, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555. E-mail: ; or Carlos Salomon, PhD, Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Brisbane, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Christopher Luke Dixon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Stephen J Fortunato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - George R Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Correspondence: Ramkumar Menon, MS, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11.138 Medical Research Building, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555. E-mail: ; or Carlos Salomon, PhD, Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Brisbane, Australia. E-mail:
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64
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Biró O, Fóthi Á, Alasztics B, Nagy B, Orbán TI, Rigó J. Circulating exosomal and Argonaute-bound microRNAs in preeclampsia. Gene 2019; 692:138-144. [PMID: 30659946 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION microRNAs (miRNAs) play important role in the regulation of placental development, and abnormal miRNA expression is associated with preeclampsia (PE). miRNAs are released from trophoblast cells to maternal blood flow, where they are highly stable, being encapsulated inside extracellular vesicles, like exosomes or bound to Argonaute proteins. In PE, placental dysfunction leads to aberrant extracellular miRNA secretion. hsa-miR-210 is a hypoxia-sensitive miRNA found to be upregulated in PE; however, it is unknown whether it is the cause or the consequence of the disease. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the expression of several miRNAs, including hsa-miR-210 in placenta, exosome and Ago-bound fractions comparing normal (N) and PE pregnancies. We performed in vitro analyses of extracellular hsa-miR-210 secretion of trophoblast cell cultures (of villous and extravillous origin) under hypoxic condition. METHODS PE and N placenta samples were collected from C-sections, and blood samples were drawn from each pregnant woman in the third trimester. HTR-8 and JAR cell lines were cultured in exosome-free media and treated with hypoxia-mimetic agents. Exosome and Ago-bound fractions were isolated by membrane affinity spin column method from plasma and cell media. Short RNAs were extracted from exosomes and vesicle-free fractions, and total-RNA was isolated from the placenta samples. The RNA purity and concentration were measured by spectrophotometry. Expression analysis was carried out by qPCR with specific primers to target and reference miRNAs. RESULTS The level of hsa-miR-210 was significantly higher in PE placentas, which could cause a minor increase of exosomal and a high elevation of Ago-bound miR-210 in circulation. Hypoxia lead to intracellular hsa-miR-210 upregulation in trophoblast cell lines. In extravillous cell (HTR-8) media, only the level of exosomal hsa-miR-210 was increased but no change in Ago-bound hsa-miR-210 level was observed. In contrast, in villous cell (JAR) media, the level of exosomal hsa-miR-210 was increased and enhanced release of Ago-bound hsa-miR-210 was also observed. CONCLUSION Based on our data, we postulate that in PE, exosomal hsa-miR-210 is secreted actively from the trophoblast, and by intercellular communication, it may have a role in disease etiology. In addition, there is a passive release of Ago-bound hsa-miR-210 into the circulation, which may represent by-products of cell-death and is thereby a possible consequence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Biró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Alasztics
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - János Rigó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Proteomic analysis of exosomes reveals an association between cell invasiveness and exosomal bioactivity on endothelial and mesenchymal cell migration in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2029-2044. [PMID: 30219799 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has resulted in over 140 000 deaths reported annually worldwide. This is often attributed to cellular changes in the microenvironment, including increased migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate metastasis. Recently, the ability of exosomes to communicate signals between cells (and promote cancer progression) has been established. In the present study, we explored the effect of exosomes on cells present in the tumour microenvironment. Exosomes were isolated from ovarian cancer cells with different invasive capacity (high = SKOV-3 and low = OVCAR-3) by differential and buoyant density centrifugation and characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blot, and EM. Exosome secretion was positively correlated with invasiveness of releasing cells. Proteomic analyses identified common and unique proteins between exosomes from SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 with gene ontology analyses revealing that these exosomes are involved in the regulation of cell migration. Since the tumour microenvironment contains multiple cell types, including MSCs and ECs, we examined the effect of these exosomes on MSC and EC migration. Exosomes promoted MSC and EC migration in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effect of exosomes isolated from SKOV-3 on cell migration was significantly higher compared with exosomes from OVCAR-3. Thus, we suggest that exosomes from ovarian cancer cells contain a specific set of proteins that are representative of its cell of origin and the invasive capacity.
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66
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Familari M, Cronqvist T, Masoumi Z, Hansson SR. Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles: their cargo and possible functions. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:433-447. [PMID: 26411402 DOI: 10.1071/rd15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on extracellular vesicles consists of rapidly expanding and often contradictory information. In this paper we attempt to review what is currently known regarding extracellular vesicles released specifically from human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells with a focus on the common but complex pregnancy-associated syndrome pre-eclampsia, where the level of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle release is significantly increased. We review common methods for syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle derivation and isolation and we discuss the cargo of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles including proteins, RNA and lipids and their possible functions. A meta-analysis of available trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicle proteomic datasets revealed only three proteins in common: albumin, fibronectin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, suggesting some variability in vesicle cargo, most likely reflecting stage and cell type of origin. We discuss the possible sources of variability that may have led to the low number of common markers, which has led us to speculate that markers and density in common use may not be strict criteria for identifying and isolating placenta-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Familari
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Tina Cronqvist
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikgatan 28, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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67
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Aguilera-Rojas M, Badewien-Rentzsch B, Plendl J, Kohn B, Einspanier R. Exploration of serum- and cell culture-derived exosomes from dogs. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:179. [PMID: 29884196 PMCID: PMC5994050 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are defined as extracellular membrane vesicles, 30–150 nm in diameter, derived from all types of cells. They originate via endocytosis and then they are released through exocytosis to the extracellular space, being found in various biological fluids as well as in cell culture medium. In the last few years, exosomes have gained considerable scientific interest due to their potential use as biomarkers, especially in the field of cancer research. This report describes a method to isolate, quantify and identify serum- and cell culture-derived exosomes from dog samples, using small volumes (100 μL and 1 mL, respectively). Results Quantification and sizing of exosomes contained in serum and cell culture samples were assessed by utilizing nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Detected particles showed the normal size (30–150 nm) and morphology described for exosomes, as well as presence of the transmembrane protein CD63 known as exosomal marker. Conclusions Based on a validated rapid isolation procedure of nanoparticles from small volumes of different types of dog samples, a characterization and exploration of intact exosomes, as well as facilitation for their analysis in downstream applications was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Aguilera-Rojas
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brit Badewien-Rentzsch
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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68
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Tong M, Abrahams VM, Chamley LW. Immunological effects of placental extracellular vesicles. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:714-722. [PMID: 29604098 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) extruded by the human placenta are increasingly being recognized as an essential mode of feto-maternal communication. In the past two decades, there has been an explosion of research into the roles that placental EVs play in modulating the maternal immune and cardiovascular systems during healthy pregnancies, as well as how this communication is altered in obstetric diseases. This review aims to introduce readers to the processes of placental EV formation and the cargos they carry, and also to collate and summarize the published literature that investigates the immunological effects of placental EVs throughout human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mancy Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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69
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Armstrong D, Wildman DE. Extracellular Vesicles and the Promise of Continuous Liquid Biopsies. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:1-8. [PMID: 29370511 PMCID: PMC5784223 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.05.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with minimally invasive procedures was once only found in science fiction. However, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their near ubiquity in body fluids, coupled with the advent of inexpensive next generation sequencing techniques and EV purification protocols, promises to make science fiction a reality. Purifying and sequencing the RNA content of EV from routine blood draws and urine samples are likely to enable pathologists and physicians to diagnose and track the progress of diseases in many inaccessible tissues in the near future. Here we present the evolutionary background of EV, summarize the biology of EV formation and cargo selection, and discuss the current barriers to making continuous liquid biopsies through the use of EV a science reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Armstrong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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70
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Chiarello DI, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Mate A, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Foetoplacental communication via extracellular vesicles in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 60:69-80. [PMID: 29222068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a critical process in biological mechanisms. During pregnancy foetoplacental tissues release a heterogeneous group of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that include exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and syncytial nuclear aggregates. These vesicles contain a complex cargo (proteins, DNA, mRNA transcripts, microRNAs, noncoding RNA, lipids, and other molecules) that actively participate in the maternal-foetal communication by modulating different processes during gestation for a successful foetal development. Each stage of human gestation is marked by events such as immunomodulation, proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation, among others, requiring EVs-mediated signalling to be nearby or distant target cells. Furthermore, EVs also associate with pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This review addresses the role of EVs in human foetomaternal communication in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029 Queensland, Australia.
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Gangadaran P, Li XJ, Lee HW, Oh JM, Kalimuthu S, Rajendran RL, Son SH, Baek SH, Singh TD, Zhu L, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A new bioluminescent reporter system to study the biodistribution of systematically injected tumor-derived bioluminescent extracellular vesicles in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109894-109914. [PMID: 29299117 PMCID: PMC5746352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo biodistribution and fate of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are still largely unknown and require reliable in vivo tracking techniques. In this study, in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using Renilla luciferase (Rluc) was developed and applied to monitoring of EVs derived from thyroid cancer (CAL-62 cells) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) in nude mice after intravenous administration and was compared with a dye-based labeling method for EV derived from CAL-62 cells. The EVs were successfully labeled with Rluc and visualized by BLI in mice. In vivo distribution of the EVs, as measured by BLI, was consistent with the results of ex vivo organ analysis. EV-CAL-62/Rluc showed strong signals at lung followed by liver, spleen & kidney (P < 0.05). EV-MDA-MB-231/Rluc showed strong signals at liver followed by lung, spleen & kidney (P < 0.05). EV-CAL-62/Rluc and EV-MDA-MB-231/Rluc stayed in animal till day 9 and 3, respectively; showed a differential distribution. Spontaneous EV-CAL-62/Rluc shown distributed mostly to lung followed by liver, spleen & kidney. The new BLI system used to show spontaneous distribution of EV-CAL-62/Rluc in subcutaneous CAL-62/Rluc bearing mice. Dye (DiR)-labeled EV-CAL-62/Rluc showed a different distribution in vivo & ex vivo compared to EV-CAL-62/Rluc. Fluorescent signals were predominately detected in the liver (P < 0.05) and spleen (P < 0.05) regions. The bioluminescent EVs developed in this study may be used for monitoring of EVs in vivo. This novel reporter-imaging approach to visualization of EVs in real time is expected to pave the way for monitoring of EVs in EV-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Son
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea,2 Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Liya Zhu
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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Biró O, Alasztics B, Molvarec A, Joó J, Nagy B, Rigó J. Various levels of circulating exosomal total-miRNA and miR-210 hypoxamiR in different forms of pregnancy hypertension. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017; 10:207-212. [PMID: 29153681 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a common complication during pregnancy, affecting 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Several microRNA (miRNA) were shown to be involved in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In preeclampsia (PE), placental dysfunction causes the enhanced release of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs. The hypoxia-sensitive hsa-mir-210 is the most common PE-associated miRNA, but its exosomal profile has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES Our aims were to measure exosomal total-miRNA concentration and to perform expression analysis of circulating exosomal hsa-miR-210 in women affected by chronic hypertension (CHT) gestational hypertension (GHT) or PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected plasma samples from women with CHT, GHT, PE (moderate: mPE and severe: sPE) and from normotensive pregnancies. Exosomal miRNAs were extracted and miRNA concentration was measured. RT-PCR was carried out with hsa-miR-210-3p-specific primers and relative expression was calculated using the comparative Ct method. RESULTS The total-miRNA concentration was different in the disease subgroups, and was significantly higher in mPE and sPE compared to the other groups. We found a significant difference in the relative exosomal hsa-miR-210-3p expression between all hypertensive groups compared to the normotensive samples, but significant upregulation was only observed in case of mPE and sPE patients. Both the level of total-miRNA and hsa-miR-210 expression was higher in case of severe PE. CONCLUSIONS The level of circulating exosomal total-miRNA and hsa-miR-210 was elevated in women with PE, and it was higher in the severe form. We showed that hsa-miR-210 is secreted via exosomes, which may have a role in the pathomechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Biró
- 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Alasztics
- 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Molvarec
- 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Joó
- 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Dept. of Human Genetics, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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73
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Cronqvist T, Tannetta D, Mörgelin M, Belting M, Sargent I, Familari M, Hansson SR. Syncytiotrophoblast derived extracellular vesicles transfer functional placental miRNAs to primary human endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4558. [PMID: 28676635 PMCID: PMC5496854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pregnancy associated syndrome preeclampsia (PE), there is increased release of placental syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) and free foetal haemoglobin (HbF) into the maternal circulation. In the present study we investigated the uptake of normal and PE STBEVs by primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and the effects of free HbF on this uptake. Our results show internalization of STBEVs into primary HCAEC, and transfer of placenta specific miRNAs from STBEVs into the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of these recipient cells. Further, the transferred miRNAs were functional, causing a down regulation of specific target genes, including the PE associated gene fms related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1). When co-treating normal STBEVs with HbF, the miRNA deposition is altered from the mitochondria to the ER and the cell membrane becomes ruffled, as was also seen with PE STBEVs. These findings suggest that STBEVs may cause endothelial damage and contribute to the endothelial dysfunction typical for PE. The miRNA mediated effects on gene expression may contribute to the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress described in PE, as well as endothelial reprogramming that may underlay the increased risk of cardiovascular disease reported for women with PE later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cronqvist
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dionne Tannetta
- University of Reading, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Oncology and Pathology, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Familari
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 22185, Lund, Sweden
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Li Y, Yang Y, Xiong A, Wu X, Xie J, Han S, Zhao S. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of Lymphocytes Treated with Exosomes Derived from Ovarian Cancer and Ovarian Cysts. Front Immunol 2017; 8:607. [PMID: 28620375 PMCID: PMC5451634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells employ many strategies to evade immune defense and to facilitate tumor growth and angiogenesis. As a novel mode of intercellular communication, cancer-derived exosomes contribute to the recruitment and mediation of lymphocytes within the tumor environment. However, the mechanisms and key molecules mediating the effect of exosomes on lymphocytes are unclear. We treated healthy peripheral blood lymphocytes with exosomes from ovarian cancer and ovarian cysts and screened for differentially expressed genes using the RT2 Profiler Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Crosstalk PCR Array. A total of 26 upregulated genes (mainly pro-inflammatory genes and immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive factor) and two downregulated genes (antigen presentation HLA-A/B) were identified. Western blotting using lymphocytes from malignant ascites and peritoneal washings of benign ovarian cysts suggested that the interferon and NF-κB signaling pathway were involved in the immune regulation of malignant exosomes. Out of 28 differentially expressed genes detected using the array, 11 were validated by real-time PCR using lymphocytes within ovarian cancer (n = 27) and ovarian cyst (n = 9) environments. In conclusion, our findings indicate that malignant cells secrete exosomes in the tumor microenvironment to recruit lymphocytes in order to suppress antitumor immunity (IL10, Foxp3, and HLA-A/B) and enhance tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and dissemination of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL6 and VEGFA) via the interferon and NF-κB signaling pathways. These results clarify lymphocyte-cancer cell cross talk via exosomes and may facilitate the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiwei Xiong
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Xie
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suping Han
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Truong G, Guanzon D, Kinhal V, Elfeky O, Lai A, Longo S, Nuzhat Z, Palma C, Scholz-Romero K, Menon R, Mol BW, Rice GE, Salomon C. Oxygen tension regulates the miRNA profile and bioactivity of exosomes released from extravillous trophoblast cells - Liquid biopsies for monitoring complications of pregnancy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174514. [PMID: 28350871 PMCID: PMC5370130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how cells communicate has undergone a paradigm shift since the recent recognition of the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling. In this study, we investigated whether oxygen tension alters the exosome release and miRNA profile from extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells, modifying their bioactivity on endothelial cells (EC). Furthermore, we have established the exosomal miRNA profile at early gestation in women who develop pre-eclampsia (PE) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). HTR-8/SVneo cells were used as an EVT model. The effect of oxygen tension (i.e. 8% and 1% oxygen) on exosome release was quantified using nanocrystals (Qdot®) coupled to CD63 by fluorescence NTA. A real-time, live-cell imaging system (Incucyte™) was used to establish the effect of exosomes on EC. Plasma samples were obtained at early gestation (<18 weeks) and classified according to pregnancy outcomes. An Illumina TrueSeq Small RNA kit was used to construct a small RNA library from exosomal RNA obtained from EVT and plasma samples. The number of exosomes was significantly higher in EVT cultured under 1% compared to 8% oxygen. In total, 741 miRNA were identified in exosomes from EVT. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these miRNA were associated with cell migration and cytokine production. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from EVT cultured at 8% oxygen increased EC migration, whilst exosomes cultured at 1% oxygen decreased EC migration. These changes were inversely proportional to TNF-α released from EC. Finally, we have identified a set of unique miRNAs in exosomes from EVT cultured at 1% oxygen and exosomes isolated from the circulation of mothers at early gestation, who later developed PE and SPTB. We suggest that aberrant exosomal signalling by placental cells is a common aetiological factor in pregnancy complications characterised by incomplete SpA remodeling and is therefore a clinically relevant biomarker of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Truong
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vyjayanthi Kinhal
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omar Elfeky
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sherri Longo
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Zarin Nuzhat
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherin Scholz-Romero
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ben W. Mol
- Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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76
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Elfeky O, Longo S, Lai A, Rice GE, Salomon C. Influence of maternal BMI on the exosomal profile during gestation and their role on maternal systemic inflammation. Placenta 2016; 50:60-69. [PMID: 28161063 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report that 35% of women are either overweight or obese at reproductive age. The placenta continuously releases exosomes across gestation and their concentration is higher in pregnancy complications. While there is considerable interest in elucidating the role of exosomes during gestation, important questions remain to be answered: i) Does maternal BMI affect the exosomal profile across gestation? and ii) What is the contribution of placenta-derived exosomes to the total number of exosomes present in maternal plasma across gestation? Plasma samples were classified according to the maternal BMI into three groups (n = 15 per group): Lean, overweight, and obese. Total exosomes and specific placenta-derived exosomes were determined by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NanoSight™) using quantum dots coupled with CD63 or PLAP antibodies. The effect of exosomes on cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) release from endothelial cells was established by cytokine array analysis (Bioplex-200). The total number of exosomes present in maternal circulation was strongly correlated with maternal BMI. Between ∼12% and ∼25% of circulating exosomes in maternal blood are of placental origin during gestation, and the contribution of placental exosomes to the total exosomal population decreases with higher maternal BMI across gestation. Exosomes increase IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α release from endothelial cells, an effect even higher when exosomes were isolated from obese women compared to lean and overweight. This study established that maternal BMI is a factor that explains a significant component of the variation in the exosomes data. Exosomes may contribute to the maternal systemic inflammation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elfeky
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Sherri Longo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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77
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Homer H, Rice GE, Salomon C. Review: Embryo- and endometrium-derived exosomes and their potential role in assisted reproductive treatments-liquid biopsies for endometrial receptivity. Placenta 2016; 54:89-94. [PMID: 28043656 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pregnancies resulting from the transfer of more than one embryo pose a significant threat to offspring born through Assisted Reproductive Treatments (ART). Transferring one embryo at a time would eliminate this risk. However, current approaches of identifying the highest quality embryo to transfer are either unreliable (e.g. morphology assessment) or highly invasive and potentially detrimental to embryos (e.g. PGD). Approaches for non-invasive embryo selection would be a major advancement that would increase efficiency and reduce both the costs and the risks associated with ART. Exosomes are a particular subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted from a wide range of cells, including placental and endometrium cells. Exosomes are very stable vesicles that contain a broad spectrum of molecules, including proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs. Very little is known about this form of cell-to-cell communication in the context of ovarian follicular biology and implantation, but emerging data suggest that exosomes secreted by the blastocyst could influence gene expression and receptivity of endometrial cells thereby controlling its own implantation. Here we review emerging findings regarding exosomal signalling in reproductive biology and the prospects for mapping blastocyst-derived exosomal profiles as a means for supporting single embryo transfer policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Homer
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA.
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78
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Adam S, Elfeky O, Kinhal V, Dutta S, Lai A, Jayabalan N, Nuzhat Z, Palma C, Rice GE, Salomon C. Review: Fetal-maternal communication via extracellular vesicles - Implications for complications of pregnancies. Placenta 2016; 54:83-88. [PMID: 27939894 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The maternal physiology experiences numerous changes during pregnancy which are essential in controlling and maintaining maternal metabolic adaptations and fetal development. The human placenta is an organ that serves as the primary interface between the maternal and fetal circulation, thereby supplying the fetus with nutrients, blood and oxygen through the umbilical cord. During gestation, the placenta continuously releases several molecules into maternal circulation, including hormones, proteins, RNA and DNA. Interestingly, the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of placental origin has been identified in maternal circulation across gestation. EVs can be categorised according to their size and/or origin into microvesicles (∼150-1000 nm) and exosomes (∼40-120 nm). Microvesicles are released by budding from the plasmatic membrane, whereas exosome release is by fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasmatic membrane. Exosomes released from placental cells have been found to be regulated by oxygen tension and glucose concentration. Furthermore, maternal exosomes have the ability to stimulate cytokine release from endothelial cells. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs during fetal-maternal communication during gestation with a special emphasis on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Adam
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Omar Elfeky
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Vyjayanthi Kinhal
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Suchismita Dutta
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Zarin Nuzhat
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA.
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79
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Sheller-Miller S, Lei J, Saade G, Salomon C, Burd I, Menon R. Feto-Maternal Trafficking of Exosomes in Murine Pregnancy Models. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:432. [PMID: 27895585 PMCID: PMC5108780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Timing and initiation of labor are well-orchestrated by signals communicated between the fetal and maternal compartments; however, how these signals are communicated is not completely understood. Fetal exosomes, intercellular signaling vesicles, may play a key role in the process. The objective of this study was to evaluate exosome trafficking in vivo from fetal to maternal compartments. Pregnant CD-1 mice were intra-amniotically injected on gestational day 16 and 17 with exosomes isolated from primary human amnion epithelial cells fluorescently labeled with the lipophilic dye 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR). All our analyses were performed on samples collected on Day 18. After 24 h, mice were imaged using Bruker MS FX PRO In vivo Imager and tissues were collected. In vivo imaging of mouse showed fluorescence in the uterus, on the exosome-injected side whereas the uterine tissues from the uninjected side and saline and dye alone injected animals remained negative. Histological analysis of placenta showed exosome migration from the fetal to the maternal side of the placenta. Fluorescence released from exosomes was seen in maternal blood samples as well as in maternal uterus and kidneys. This study demonstrates that exosomal cargo can be carried through systemic route from the fetal to the maternal side of the uterine tissues during pregnancy, supporting the idea that fetal signals can be delivered via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, GalvestonTX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, GalvestonTX, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - George Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New OrleansLA, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
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80
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Nakamura K, Jinnin M, Harada M, Kudo H, Nakayama W, Inoue K, Ogata A, Kajihara I, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Altered expression of CD63 and exosomes in scleroderma dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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81
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Nguyen HPT, Simpson RJ, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Extracellular Vesicles in the Intrauterine Environment: Challenges and Potential Functions. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:109. [PMID: 27655784 PMCID: PMC5333933 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (30–150 nm) and microvesicles (100–1500 nm), play important roles in mediating cell-cell communication. Such particles package distinct cargo elements, including lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and DNA, that vary depending on the cell of origin and its phenotype. This cargo can be horizontally transferred to target cells where its components can reprogram the recipient cell to modify its function. EVs have been identified within the uterine cavity of women, sheep, and mice, where they contribute to the microenvironment of sperm transport, and of blastocyst and endometrial preparation for implantation. It is likely that exosomes and microvesicles carry different cargo and coordinate different roles in this intrauterine environment. Understanding and defining these subtypes of EVs is important for future functional studies and clinical translation. Here we critically review the various purification and validation procedures for extracellular vesicle analysis and discuss what is known of endometrial-derived exosome cargo and of their hormonal regulation. The current knowledge of the functions of uterine exosomes, with respect to sperm transport and function, and of their actions on trophectodermal cells to promote implantation are summarized and evaluated in their physiological context. Given the potential importance of this form of cell-cell interactions within the reproductive tract, the critical issues discussed will guide new insights in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong P T Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Crookenden M, Walker C, Peiris H, Koh Y, Heiser A, Loor J, Moyes K, Murray A, Dukkipati V, Kay J, Meier S, Roche J, Mitchell M. Short communication: Proteins from circulating exosomes represent metabolic state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7661-7668. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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83
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Mitchell MD, Scholz-Romero K, Reed S, Peiris HN, Koh YQ, Meier S, Walker CG, Burke CR, Roche JR, Rice G, Salomon C. Plasma exosome profiles from dairy cows with divergent fertility phenotypes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7590-7601. [PMID: 27372594 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions may be influenced by neighboring cells, distant tissues, or local environmental factors. Exosomes are specific subsets of extracellular vesicles that internalize and deliver their content to near and distant sites. Exosomes may play a role in the maternal-embryo crosstalk vital for the recognition and maintenance of a pregnancy; however, their role in dairy cow reproduction has not been established. This study aimed to characterize the exosome profile in the plasma of 2 strains of dairy cow with divergent fertility phenotypes. Plasma was obtained and characterized on the basis of genetic ancestry as fertile (FERT; <23% North American genetics, New Zealand Holstein-Friesian strain, n=8) or subfertile (SUBFERT; >92% North American genetics, North American Holstein-Friesian strain, n=8). Exosomes were isolated by differential and buoyant density centrifugation and characterized by size distribution (nanoparticle tracking analysis, NanoSight NS500, NanoSight Ltd., Amesbury, UK), the presence of CD63 (Western blot), and their morphology (electron microscopy). The total number of exosomes was determined by quantifying the immunoreactive CD63 (ExoELISA kit, System Biosciences), and the protein content established by mass spectrometry. Enriched exosome fractions were identified as cup-shape vesicles with diameters around 100 nm and positive for the CD63 marker. The concentration of exosomes was 50% greater in FERT cows. Mass spectrometry identified 104 and 117 proteins in FERT and SUBFERT cows, of which 23 and 36 were unique, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for proteins involved in immunomodulatory processes and cell-to-cell communication. Although the role of exosomes in dairy cow reproduction remains to be elucidated, their quantification and content in models with divergent fertility phenotypes could provide novel information to support both physiological and genetic approaches to improving dairy cow fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mitchell
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
| | - K Scholz-Romero
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Reed
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - H N Peiris
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Q Koh
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Ltd., 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - G Rice
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Salomon
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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84
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Sheller S, Papaconstantinou J, Urrabaz-Garza R, Richardson L, Saade G, Salomon C, Menon R. Amnion-Epithelial-Cell-Derived Exosomes Demonstrate Physiologic State of Cell under Oxidative Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157614. [PMID: 27333275 PMCID: PMC4917104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At term, the signals of fetal maturity and feto-placental tissue aging prompt uterine readiness for delivery by transitioning quiescent myometrium to an active stage. It is still unclear how the signals reach the distant myometrium. Exosomes are a specific type of extracellular vesicle (EVs) that transport molecular signals between cells, and are released from a wide range of cells, including the maternal and fetal cells. In this study, we hypothesize that i) exosomes act as carriers of signals in utero-placental compartments and ii) exosomes reflect the physiologic status of the origin cells. The primary aims of this study were to determine exosomal contents in exosomes derived from primary amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We also determined the effect of oxidative stress on AEC derived exosomal cargo contents. AEC were isolated from amniotic membrane obtained from normal, term, not in labor placentae at delivery, and culture under standard conditions. Oxidative stress was induced using cigarette smoke extract for 48 hours. AEC-conditioned media were collected and exosomes isolated by differential centrifugations. Both growth conditions (normal and oxidative stress induced) produced cup shaped exosomes of around 50 nm, expressed exosomes enriched markers, such as CD9, CD63, CD81 and HSC70, embryonic stem cell marker Nanog, and contained similar amounts of cell free AEC DNA. Using confocal microscopy, the colocalization of histone (H) 3, heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and activated form of pro-senescence and term parturition associated marker p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) (P-p38 MAPK) co-localized with exosome enrich marker CD9. HSP70 and P-p38 MAPK were significantly higher in exosomes from AEC grown under oxidative stress conditions than standard conditions (p<0.05). Finally, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis identified 221 different proteins involved in immunomodulatory response and cell-to-cell communication. This study determined AEC exosome characteristics and their cargo reflected the physiologic status of the cell of origin and suggests that AEC-derived exosomal p38 MAPK plays a major role in determining the fate of pregnancy. Understanding the propagation of fetal signals and their mechanisms in normal term pregnancies can provide insights into pathologic activation of such signals associated with spontaneous preterm parturitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sheller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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85
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Campoy I, Lanau L, Altadill T, Sequeiros T, Cabrera S, Cubo-Abert M, Pérez-Benavente A, Garcia A, Borrós S, Santamaria A, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, Reventós J, Gil-Moreno A, Rigau M, Colas E. Exosome-like vesicles in uterine aspirates: a comparison of ultracentrifugation-based isolation protocols. J Transl Med 2016; 14:180. [PMID: 27317346 PMCID: PMC4912787 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine aspirates are used in the diagnostic process of endometrial disorders, yet further applications could emerge if its complex milieu was simplified. Exosome-like vesicles isolated from uterine aspirates could become an attractive source of biomarkers, but there is a need to standardize isolation protocols. The objective of the study was to determine whether exosome-like vesicles exist in the fluid fraction of uterine aspirates and to compare protocols for their isolation, characterization, and analysis. Methods We collected uterine aspirates from 39 pre-menopausal women suffering from benign gynecological diseases. The fluid fraction of 27 of those aspirates were pooled and split into equal volumes to evaluate three differential centrifugation-based procedures: (1) a standard protocol, (2) a filtration protocol, and (3) a sucrose cushion protocol. Characterization of isolated vesicles was assessed by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and immunoblot. Specifically for RNA material, we evaluate the effect of sonication and RNase A treatment at different steps of the protocol. We finally confirmed the efficiency of the selected methods in non-pooled samples. Results All protocols were useful to isolate exosome-like vesicles. However, the Standard procedure was the best performing protocol to isolate exosome-like vesicles from uterine aspirates: nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a higher concentration of vesicles with a mode of 135 ± 5 nm, and immunoblot showed a higher expression of exosome-related markers (CD9, CD63, and CD81) thus verifying an enrichment in this type of vesicles. RNA contained in exosome-like vesicles was successfully extracted with no sonication treatment and exogenous nucleic acids digestion with RNaseA, allowing the analysis of the specific inner cargo by Real-Time qPCR. Conclusion We confirmed the existence of exosome-like vesicles in the fluid fraction of uterine aspirates. They were successfully isolated by differential centrifugation giving sufficient proteomic and transcriptomic material for further analyses. The Standard protocol was the best performing procedure since the other two tested protocols did not ameliorate neither yield nor purity of exosome-like vesicles. This study contributes to establishing the basis for future comparative studies to foster the field of biomarker research in gynecology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0935-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Campoy
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Lanau
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Altadill
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamara Sequeiros
- Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Department of Gynecology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Garcia
- Pathology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology, Bellvitge Teaching Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics/Oncologic Pathology Group, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Basic Sciences Department, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Gynecology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Rigau
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics/Oncologic Pathology Group, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
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86
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Salomon C, Rice GE. Reply. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:766-7. [PMID: 26875945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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87
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Zhang J, Dunk C, Croy AB, Lye SJ. To serve and to protect: the role of decidual innate immune cells on human pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:249-265. [PMID: 26572540 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface undergoes dynamic changes that promote successful development of the embryo/fetal allograft during pregnancy. This immune privilege of the conceptus is mediated through local and systemic cellular responses. In species in which endometrial decidualization accompanies pregnancy, unique immune cell niches are found. Many studies have addressed the enigmatic roles of uterine (u)NK cells as killers and helpers because they are frequently found in the uterine lining and decidua of normal and pathological pregnancies. Accumulating evidence indicates that uNK cells are induced and transformed by sensing signals within their microenvironment to both protect the mother from the fetal allograft and support the fetus during its development. Here, we review the mechanisms that modulate these functions of uNK cells during pregnancy. We suggest that uNK cells must be tightly regulated in order to serve these two roles and support a healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St., Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.
| | - Caroline Dunk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St., Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne B Croy
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St., Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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88
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Rice GE, Scholz-Romero K, Sweeney E, Peiris H, Kobayashi M, Duncombe G, Mitchell MD, Salomon C. The Effect of Glucose on the Release and Bioactivity of Exosomes From First Trimester Trophoblast Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1280-8. [PMID: 26241326 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperglycemia and hypoxia are risk factors of metabolic complication during pregnancy. The interactions between oxygen and glucose-sensing pathways that regulate exosome bioactivity from placental cells, however, have not been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exosomal signaling by placental cells (defined as the number of exosomes released per unit time and their bioactivity) is responsive to extracellular glucose concentration. METHODS First-trimester primary trophoblast cells were incubated with D-glucose (5 mM or 25 mM) under 1%, 3%, or 8% O2 for 48 hours. Exosomes were isolated from cell-conditioned media by differential and buoyant density centrifugation. The total number of exosome vesicles was determined by quantifying immunoreactive exosomal CD63. The effect of exosomes on cytokine (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6. IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) release from endothelial cells was established by a protein solution array analysis. RESULTS Glucose (25 mM) significantly increased the release of exosomes from trophoblast cells at all oxygen tensions tested (by approximately 2-fold when compared with controls, P < .001). Exosomes (100 μg/mL exosomal protein) released from trophoblast cells significantly increased (P < .05) the release of all cytokines from human umbilical vein endothelial cells when compared with the control (ie, cells without exosomes), with the exception of IL-2 and IL-10 (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of high glucose on exosomes bioactivity may be recapitulated in vivo and is of clinical relevance in association with maternal insulin resistance (resulting in hyperglycemia) and preeclampsia (associated with placental insufficiency and hypoxia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherin Scholz-Romero
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Sweeney
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hassendrini Peiris
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miharu Kobayashi
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory Duncombe
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
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89
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Mitchell MD, Peiris HN, Kobayashi M, Koh YQ, Duncombe G, Illanes SE, Rice GE, Salomon C. Placental exosomes in normal and complicated pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S173-81. [PMID: 26428497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While there is considerable contemporary interest in elucidating the role of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles in normal and complicated pregnancies and their utility as biomarkers and therapeutic interventions, progress in the field is hindered by a lack of standardized extracellular vesicle taxonomy and isolation protocols. The term "extracellular vesicle" is nonspecific and refers to all membrane-bound vesicles from nanometer to micrometer diameters and of different biogenic origins. To meaningfully ascribe biological function and/or diagnostic and therapeutic utility to extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, greater specificity and vesicle characterization is required. The current literature relating to exosome biology must be interpreted in this context. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicle that are specifically defined by an endosomal biogenesis and particle size (40-120 nm) and density (1.13-1.19 g/mL(-1)). Exosomes are specifically package with signaling molecules (including protein, messenger RNA, microRNA, and noncoding RNA) and are released by exocytosis into biofluid compartments. Exosomes regulate the activity of both proximal and distal target cells, including translational activity, angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. As such, exosomal signaling represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular communication. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation from as early as 6 weeks of gestation. Release is regulated by factors that include both oxygen tension and glucose concentration and correlates with placental mass and perfusion. The concentration of placenta-derived exosomes in maternal plasma increases progressively during gestation. Exosomes isolated from maternal plasma are bioactive in vitro and are incorporated into target cells by endocytosis. While the functional significance of placental exosomes in pregnancy remains to be fully elucidated, available data support a role in normal placental development and maternal immunotolerance. Similarly, the role of exosomes in the etiology and progression of complications of pregnancy remains in a formative stage. Changes in the release of placenta- and nonplacenta-derived exosomes, their concentration in maternal plasma, composition, and bioactivity have been reported in association with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. The data, however, are confounded by the use of different isolation methodologies and vesicle subpopulations. The application of specific and well-characterized isolation methodologies is requisite to resolving the precise role of exosomes in complications of pregnancies and their ultimate clinical utility.
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90
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Blessing AM, Ganesan S, Rajapakshe K, Ying Sung Y, Reddy Bollu L, Shi Y, Cheung E, Coarfa C, Chang JT, McDonnell DP, Frigo DE. Identification of a Novel Coregulator, SH3YL1, That Interacts With the Androgen Receptor N-Terminus. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1426-39. [PMID: 26305679 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor (NR)-mediated transcriptional activity is a dynamic process that is regulated by the binding of ligands that induce distinct conformational changes in the NR. These structural alterations lead to the differential recruitment of coregulators (coactivators or corepressors) that control the expression of NR-regulated genes. Here, we show that a stretch of proline residues located within the N-terminus of androgen receptor (AR) is a bona fide coregulator binding surface, the disruption of which reduces the androgen-dependent proliferation and migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Using T7 phage display, we identified a novel AR-interacting protein, Src homology 3 (SH3)-domain containing, Ysc84-like 1 (SH3YL1), whose interaction with the receptor is dependent upon this polyproline domain. As with mutations within the AR polyproline domain, knockdown of SH3YL1 attenuated androgen-mediated cell growth and migration. RNA expression analysis revealed that SH3YL1 was required for the induction of a subset of AR-modulated genes. Notable was the observation that ubinuclein 1 (UBN1), a key member of a histone H3.3 chaperone complex, was a transcriptional target of the AR/SH3YL1 complex, correlated with aggressive PCa in patients, and was necessary for the maximal androgen-mediated proliferation and migration of PCa cells. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of an amino-terminal activation domain, its associated coregulator, and downstream transcriptional targets in regulating cellular processes of pathological importance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Blessing
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sathya Ganesan
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ying Ying Sung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Bollu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling (A.M.B., Y.S., D.E.F.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204; R&D Compliance (S.G.), Grifols Therapeutics Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (S.G., D.P.M.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Cancer Biology and Pharmacology (Y.Y.S., E.C.), Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention (L.R.B.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Faculty of Health Sciences (E.C.), University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China, 9999078; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.T.C.), School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; and Genomic Medicine Program (D.E.F.), The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
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Barkalina N, Jones C, Wood MJA, Coward K. Extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of molecular compounds into gametes and embryos: learning from nature. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:627-39. [PMID: 26071427 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, even the most sophisticated methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART) allow us to achieve live births in only approximately 30% of patients, indicating that our understanding of the fine mechanisms underlying reproduction is far from ideal. One of the main challenges associated with studies of gamete structure and function is that these cells are remarkably resistant towards the uptake of exogenous substances, including 'molecular research tools' such as drugs, biomolecules and intracellular markers. This phenomenon can affect not only the performance of reproductive biology research techniques, but also the outcomes of the in vitro handling of gametes, which forms the cornerstone of ART. Improvement of intra-gamete delivery in a non-aggressive fashion is vital for the investigation of gamete physiology, and the advancement of infertility treatment. In this review, we outline the current state of nanomaterial-mediated delivery into gametes and embryos in vitro, and discuss the potential of a novel exciting drug delivery technology, based upon the use of targeted 'natural' nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), for reproductive science and ART, given the promising emerging data from other fields. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed using the following keywords: 'nanoparticles', 'nanomaterials', 'cell-penetrating peptides', 'sperm', 'oocyte', 'egg', 'embryo', 'exosomes', 'microvesicles', 'extracellular vesicles', 'delivery', 'reproduction', to identify the relevant research and review articles, published in English up to January 2015. The reference lists of identified publication were then scanned to extract additional relevant publications. RESULTS Biocompatible engineered nanomaterials with high loading capacity, stability and selective affinity represent a potential versatile tool for the minimally invasive internalization of molecular cargo into gametes and embryos. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the translation of these experimental tools into clinical applications is likely to be limited by their non-biodegradable nature. To allow the subsequent use of these methodologies for clinical ART, studies should utilize biodegradable delivery platforms, which mimic natural mechanisms of molecular cargo trafficking as closely as possible. Currently, EVs represent the most physiological intracellular delivery tools for reproductive science and medicine. These natural mediators of cell communication combine the benefits of engineered nanomaterials, such as the potential for in vitro production, targeting and loading, with the essential feature of biodegradability. CONCLUSION We anticipate that future investigations into the possibility of applying EVs for the intentional intracellular delivery of molecular compounds into gametes and embryos will open new horizons for reproductive science and clinical ART, ultimately leading to improvements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barkalina
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Escudero CA. Editorial: New therapeutic targets for human placental angiogenesis disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:263. [PMID: 25520659 PMCID: PMC4248813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, University of Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile
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Lokossou AG, Toudic C, Barbeau B. Implication of human endogenous retrovirus envelope proteins in placental functions. Viruses 2014; 6:4609-27. [PMID: 25421890 PMCID: PMC4246240 DOI: 10.3390/v6114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) represent 8% of the total human genome. Although the majority of these ancient proviral sequences have only retained non-coding long terminal repeats (LTRs), a number of “endogenized” retroviral genes encode functional proteins. Previous studies have underlined the implication of these ERV-derived proteins in the development and the function of the placenta. In this review, we summarize recent findings showing that two ERV genes, termed Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-2, which encode former envelope (Env) proteins, trigger fusion events between villous cytotrophoblasts and the peripheral multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer. Such fusion events maintain the stability of this latter cell structure, which plays an important role in fetal development by the active secretion of various soluble factors, gas exchange and regulation of fetomaternal immunotolerance. We also highlight new studies showing that these ERV proteins, in addition to their localization at the cell surface of cytotrophoblasts, are also incorporated on the surface of various extracellular microvesicles, including exosomes. Such exosome-associated proteins could be involved in the various functions attributed to these vesicles and could provide a form of tropism. Additionally, through their immunosuppressive domains, these ERV proteins could also contribute to fetomaternal immunotolerance in a local and more distal manner. These various aspects of the implication of Syncytin-1 and -2 in placental function are also addressed in the context of the placenta-related disorder, preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjimon Gatien Lokossou
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2080 Saint-Urbain, Montréal, PQ H2X 3X8, Canada.
| | - Caroline Toudic
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2080 Saint-Urbain, Montréal, PQ H2X 3X8, Canada.
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2080 Saint-Urbain, Montréal, PQ H2X 3X8, Canada.
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