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Wong YK, Wang J, Lim TK, Lin Q, Yap CT, Shen HM. O-GlcNAcylation promotes fatty acid synthase activity under nutritional stress as a pro-survival mechanism in cancer cells. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100175. [PMID: 35083852 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a specific form of protein glycosylation that targets a wide range of proteins with important functions. O-GlcNAcylation is known to be deregulated in cancer and has been linked to multiple aspects of cancer pathology. Despite its ubiquity and importance, the current understanding of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the stress response remains limited. In this study, we performed a quantitative chemical proteomics-based open study of the O-GlcNAcome in HeLa cells, and identified 163 differentially-glycosylated proteins under starvation, involving multiple metabolic pathways. Among them, fatty acid metabolism was found to be targeted and subsequent analysis confirmed that fatty acid synthase (FASN) is O-GlcNAcylated. O-GlcNAcylation led to enhanced de novo fatty acid synthesis activity, and fatty acids contributed to the cytoprotective effects of O-GlcNAcylation under starvation. Moreover, dual inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation and FASN displayed a strong synergistic effect in vitro in inducing cell death in cancer cells. Together, the results from this study provide novel insights into the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the nutritional stress response and suggest the potential of combining inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation and fatty acid synthesis in cancer therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Cancer Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Cotsworth S, Jackson CJ, Hallson G, Fitzpatrick KA, Syrzycka M, Coulthard AB, Bejsovec A, Marchetti M, Pimpinelli S, Wang SJH, Camfield RG, Verheyen EM, Sinclair DA, Honda BM, Hilliker AJ. Characterization of Gfat1 ( zeppelin) and Gfat2, Essential Paralogous Genes Which Encode the Enzymes That Catalyze the Rate-Limiting Step in the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2022; 11:448. [PMID: 35159258 PMCID: PMC8834284 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The zeppelin (zep) locus is known for its essential role in the development of the embryonic cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster. We show here that zep encodes Gfat1 (Glutamine: Fructose-6-Phosphate Aminotransferase 1; CG12449), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). This conserved pathway diverts 2%-5% of cellular glucose from glycolysis and is a nexus of sugar (fructose-6-phosphate), amino acid (glutamine), fatty acid [acetyl-coenzymeA (CoA)], and nucleotide/energy (UDP) metabolism. We also describe the isolation and characterization of lethal mutants in the euchromatic paralog, Gfat2 (CG1345), and demonstrate that ubiquitous expression of Gfat1+ or Gfat2+ transgenes can rescue lethal mutations in either gene. Gfat1 and Gfat2 show differences in mRNA and protein expression during embryogenesis and in essential tissue-specific requirements for Gfat1 and Gfat2, suggesting a degree of functional evolutionary divergence. An evolutionary, cytogenetic analysis of the two genes in six Drosophila species revealed Gfat2 to be located within euchromatin in all six species. Gfat1 localizes to heterochromatin in three melanogaster-group species, and to euchromatin in the more distantly related species. We have also found that the pattern of flanking-gene microsynteny is highly conserved for Gfat1 and somewhat less conserved for Gfat2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Cotsworth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Catherine J. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Surgical Research, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Graham Hallson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Kathleen A. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Monika Syrzycka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
- Allergan Canada, 500-85 Enterprise Blvd, Markham, ON L6G 0B5, Canada
| | | | - Amy Bejsovec
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Marcella Marchetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Pimpinelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Simon J. H. Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Robert G. Camfield
- BC Genome Science Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Esther M. Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Donald A. Sinclair
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Barry M. Honda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (MBB), Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.C.); (C.J.J.); (G.H.); (K.A.F.); (M.S.); (S.J.H.W.); (E.M.V.); (D.A.S.); (B.M.H.)
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Wang Q, Karvelsson ST, Kotronoulas A, Gudjonsson T, Halldorsson S, Rolfsson O. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) is upregulated in breast epithelial-mesenchymal transition and responds to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 21:100185. [PMID: 34923141 PMCID: PMC8803663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells that have undergone partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are believed to be more invasive than cells that have completed EMT. To study metabolic reprogramming in different mesenchymal states, we analyzed protein expression following EMT in the breast epithelial cell model D492 with single-shot LFQ supported by a SILAC proteomics approach. The D492 EMT cell model contains three cell lines: the epithelial D492 cells, the mesenchymal D492M cells, and a partial mesenchymal, tumorigenic variant of D492 that overexpresses the oncogene HER2. The analysis classified the D492 and D492M cells as basal-like and D492HER2 as claudin-low. Comparative analysis of D492 and D492M to tumorigenic D492HER2 differentiated metabolic markers of migration from those of invasion. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) was one of the top dysregulated enzymes in D492HER2. Gene expression analysis of the cancer genome atlas showed that GFPT2 expression was a characteristic of claudin-low breast cancer. siRNA-mediated knockdown of GFPT2 influenced the EMT marker vimentin and both cell growth and invasion in vitro and was accompanied by lowered metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Knockdown of GFPT2 decreased cystathionine and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) in the transsulfuration pathway that regulates H2S production and mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-β. Our results demonstrate that GFPT2 controls growth and invasion in the D492 EMT model, is a marker for oxidative stress, and associated with poor prognosis in claudin-low breast cancer. GFPT2 is upregulated following EMT. GFPT2 is a marker for claudin-low breast cancer. GFPT2 affects vimentin, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. GFPT2 responds to oxidative stress. GFPT2 is regulated by insulin and EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Trausti Karvelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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54
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Writing and erasing O-GlcNAc from target proteins in cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2891-2901. [PMID: 34783346 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a widespread reversible modification on nucleocytoplasmic proteins that plays an important role in many biochemical processes and is highly relevant to numerous human diseases. The O-GlcNAc modification has diverse functional impacts on individual proteins and glycosites, and methods for editing this modification on substrates are essential to decipher these functions. Herein, we review recent progress in developing methods for O-GlcNAc regulation, with a focus on methods for editing O-GlcNAc with protein- and site-selectivity in cells. The applications, advantages, and limitations of currently available strategies for writing and erasing O-GlcNAc and future directions are also discussed. These emerging approaches to manipulate O-GlcNAc on a target protein in cells will greatly accelerate the development of functional studies and enable therapeutic interventions in the O-GlcNAc field.
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55
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Lee JB, Pyo KH, Kim HR. Role and Function of O-GlcNAcylation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215365. [PMID: 34771527 PMCID: PMC8582477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the rapid advancement in immunotherapy and targeted agents, many patients diagnosed with cancer have poor prognosis with dismal overall survival. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the ability of cancer cells to reprogram their energy metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation is an emerging potential mechanism for cancer cells to induce proliferation and progression of tumor cells and resistance to chemotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism behind O-GlcNAcylation and discusses the role of O-GlcNAcylation, including its function with receptor tyrosine kinase and chemo-resistance in cancer, and immune response to cancer and as a prognostic factor. Further pre-clinical studies on O-GlcNAcylation are warranted to assess the clinical efficacy of agents targeting O-GlcNAcylation. Abstract Cancer cells are able to reprogram their glucose metabolism and retain energy via glycolysis even under aerobic conditions. They activate the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), and the complex interplay of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) via deprivation of nutrients or increase in cellular stress results in the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of cancer cells. Notably, cancer is one of the emerging diseases associated with O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we summarize studies that delineate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer, including its modulation in metastasis, function with receptor tyrosine kinases, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. In addition, we discuss the function of O-GlcNAcylation in eliciting immune responses associated with immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly accepted as one of the key players involved in the activation and differentiation of T cells and macrophages. Finally, we discuss the prognostic role of O-GlcNAcylation and potential therapeutic agents such as O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase inhibitors, which may help overcome the resistance mechanism associated with the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
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56
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Liu AR, Ramakrishnan P. Regulation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Function by O-GlcNAcylation in Inflammation and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751761. [PMID: 34722537 PMCID: PMC8555427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a pleiotropic, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family that plays a central role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Great strides have been made in the past three decades to understand the role of NF-κB in physiological and pathological conditions. Carcinogenesis is associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis evasion. NF-κB is ubiquitously expressed, however, its activity is under tight regulation by inhibitors of the pathway and through multiple posttranslational modifications. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification that controls NF-κB-dependent transactivation. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient-dependent rheostat of cellular signaling. Increased uptake of glucose and glutamine by cancer cells enhances NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation. Growing evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation of NF-κB is a key molecular mechanism that regulates cancer cell proliferation, survival and metastasis and acts as link between inflammation and cancer. In this review, we are attempting to summarize the current understanding of the cohesive role of NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rose Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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57
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Zheng S, Song Q, Zhang P. Metabolic Modifications, Inflammation, and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703681. [PMID: 34631531 PMCID: PMC8497755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has accomplished significant progresses on treatment of various cancers in the past decade; however, recent studies revealed more and more heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment which cause unneglectable therapy resistance. A central phenomenon in tumor malignancy is metabolic dysfunctionality; it reprograms metabolic homeostasis in tumor and stromal cells thus affecting metabolic modifications on specific proteins. These posttranslational modifications include glycosylation and palmitoylation, which usually alter the protein localization, stability, and function. Many of these proteins participate in acute or chronic inflammation and play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Therefore, targeting these metabolic modifications in immune checkpoints and inflammation provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for certain cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on metabolic modifications in this field, focus on the mechanisms on how glycosylation and palmitoylation regulate innate immune and inflammation, and we further discuss designing new immunotherapy targeting metabolic modifications. We aim to improve immunotherapy or targeted-therapy response and achieve more accurate individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Sinclair JW, Hoying DR, Bresciani E, Nogare DD, Needle CD, Berger A, Wu W, Bishop K, Elkahloun AG, Chitnis A, Liu P, Burgess SM. The Warburg effect is necessary to promote glycosylation in the blastema during zebrafish tail regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:55. [PMID: 34518542 PMCID: PMC8437957 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lifetime, fish maintain a high capacity for regenerating complex tissues after injury. We utilized a larval tail regeneration assay in the zebrafish Danio rerio, which serves as an ideal model of appendage regeneration due to its easy manipulation, relatively simple mixture of cell types, and superior imaging properties. Regeneration of the embryonic zebrafish tail requires development of a blastema, a mass of dedifferentiated cells capable of replacing lost tissue, a crucial step in all known examples of appendage regeneration. Using this model, we show that tail amputation triggers an obligate metabolic shift to promote glucose metabolism during early regeneration similar to the Warburg effect observed in tumor forming cells. Inhibition of glucose metabolism did not affect the overall health of the embryo but completely blocked the tail from regenerating after amputation due to the failure to form a functional blastema. We performed a time series of single-cell RNA sequencing on regenerating tails with and without inhibition of glucose metabolism. We demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming is required for sustained TGF-β signaling and blocking glucose metabolism largely mimicked inhibition of TGF-β receptors, both resulting in an aberrant blastema. Finally, we showed using genetic ablation of three possible metabolic pathways for glucose, that metabolic reprogramming is required to provide glucose specifically to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway while neither glycolysis nor the pentose phosphate pathway were necessary for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Sinclair
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Hoying
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica Bresciani
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Aquatic Models of Human Development Affinity Group, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carli D Needle
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel G Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ajay Chitnis
- Aquatic Models of Human Development Affinity Group, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Liu
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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59
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Evans CA, Corfe BM. Colorectal keratins: Integrating nutrition, metabolism and colorectal health. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 128:103-111. [PMID: 34481710 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The colon mucosa is lined with crypts of circa 300 cells, forming a continuous barrier whose roles include absorption of water, recovery of metabolic energy sources (notably short chain fatty acids), secretion of a protective mucus barrier, and physiological signalling. There is high turnover and replenishment of cells in the mucosa, disruption of this may lead to bowel pathologies including cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Keratins have been implicated in the processes of cell death, epithelial integrity, response to inflammation and as a result are often described as guardians of the colonic epithelium. Keratin proteins carry extensive post-translational modifications, the cofactors for kinases, acetyl transferases and other modification-regulating enzymes are themselves products of metabolism. A cluster of studies has begun to reveal a bidirectional relationship between keratin form and function and metabolism. In this paper we hypothesise a mechanistic interaction between keratins and metabolism is governed through regulation of post-translational modifications and may contribute significantly to the normal functioning of the colon, placing keratins at the centre of a nutrition-metabolism-health triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Evans
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, S1 3JD Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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Metabolic enzymes function as epigenetic modulators: A Trojan Horse for chromatin regulation and gene expression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105834. [PMID: 34450321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a fundamental biological process in living organisms, which has significant impact on health and behavior. Metabolism refers to a set of life-sustaining chemical reactions, including the uptake of nutrients, the subsequent conversion of nutrients into energy or building blocks for organism growth, and finally the clearance of redundant or toxic substances. It is well established that epigenetic modifications govern the metabolic profile of a cell by modulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. Strikingly, almost all the epigenetic modifications require substrates produced by cellular metabolism, and a large proportion of metabolic enzymes can transfer into nucleus to locally produce substrates for epigenetic modification, thereby providing an alternative link between metabolism, epigenetic modification and gene expression. Here, we summarize the recent literature pertinent to metabolic enzymes functioning as epigenetic modulators in the regulation of chromatin architecture and gene expression.
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61
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Kim MJ, Kim HS, Lee S, Min KY, Choi WS, You JS. Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway-Derived O-GlcNAcylation Is Critical for RANKL-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168888. [PMID: 34445596 PMCID: PMC8396330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) performed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a nutrient-responsive post-translational modification (PTM) via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Various transcription factors (TFs) are O-GlcNAcylated, affecting their activities and significantly contributing to cellular processes ranging from survival to cellular differentiation. Given the pleiotropic functions of O-GlcNAc modification, it has been studied in various fields; however, the role of O-GlcNAcylation during osteoclast differentiation remains to be explored. Kinetic transcriptome analysis during receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation revealed that the nexus of major nutrient metabolism, HBP was critical for this process. We observed that the critical genes related to HBP activation, including Nagk, Gfpt1, and Ogt, were upregulated, while the global O-GlcNAcylation was increased concomitantly during osteoclast differentiation. The O-GlcNAcylation inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor OSMI-1 reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the translocation of NF-κB p65 and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) into the nucleus by controlling their PTM O-GlcNAcylation. Furthermore, OSMI-1 had a synergistic effect with bone target therapy on osteoclastogenesis. Lastly, knocking down Ogt with shRNA (shOgt) mimicked OSMI-1’s effect on osteoclastogenesis. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation during osteoclast differentiation may be a valuable therapeutic approach for osteoclast-activated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Jun Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.L.); (K.Y.M.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.L.); (K.Y.M.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Keun Young Min
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.L.); (K.Y.M.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.L.); (K.Y.M.); (W.S.C.)
- KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.L.); (K.Y.M.); (W.S.C.)
- KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6235
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Xu B, Zhou L, Chen Q, Zhang J, Huang L, Wang S, Ye Z, Ren X, Cai Y, Jensen LD, Chen W, Li X, Ju R. Role of VEGFR2 in Mediating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Under Glucose Deprivation and Determining Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Factor Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631413. [PMID: 34222224 PMCID: PMC8249873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a postmitotic monolayer located between the neuroretina and choroid, supports the retina and is closely associated with vision loss diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) upon dysfunction. Although environmental stresses are known to play critical roles in AMD pathogenesis and the roles of other stresses have been well investigated, glucose deprivation, which can arise from choriocapillary flow voids, has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of VEGFR2 in glucose deprivation-mediated cell death and the underlying mechanisms. We found that VEGFR2 levels are a determinant for RPE cell death, a critical factor for dry AMD, under glucose deprivation. RNA sequencing analysis showed that upon VEGFR2 knockdown under glucose starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are reduced. Consistently, VEGFR2 overexpression increased ER stress under the same condition. Although VEGFR2 was less expressed compared to EGFR1 and c-Met in RPE cells, it could elicit a higher level of ER stress induced by glucose starvation. Finally, downregulated VEGFR2 attenuated the oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression, two downstream targets of ER stress. Our study, for the first time, has demonstrated a novel role of VEGFR2 in RPE cells under glucose deprivation, thus providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis and suggesting that VEGFR2 might be a potential therapeutic target for AMD prevention, which may impede its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lasse Dahl Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Metabolic reprogramming due to hypoxia in pancreatic cancer: Implications for tumor formation, immunity, and more. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111798. [PMID: 34120068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in most malignant tumors, especially in pancreatic cancer (PC). Hypoxia is the result of unlimited tumor growth and plays an active role in promoting tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the part of the hypoxia microenvironment in PC is gradually clarified, hypoxia is becoming a key determinant and an important therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. To adapt to the severe hypoxia environment, cells have changed their metabolic phenotypes to maintain their survival and proliferation. Enhanced glycolysis is the most prominent feature of cancer cells' metabolic reprogramming in response to hypoxia. It provides the energy source for hypoxic cancer cells (although it provides less than oxidative phosphorylation) and produces metabolites that can be absorbed and utilized by normoxic cancer cells. In addition, the uptake of glutamine and fatty acids by hypoxic cancer cells is also increased, which is also conducive to tumor progression. Their metabolites are pooled in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). As a nutrition sensor, HBP, in turn, can coordinate glucose and glutamine metabolism. Its end product, UDP-GlcNAc, is the substrate of protein post-translational modification (PTM) involved in various signaling pathways supporting tumor progression. Adaptive metabolic changes of cancer cells promote their survival and affect tumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces tumor immunotherapy resistance. Here, we summarize the hypoxic microenvironment, its effect on metabolic reprogramming, and its contribution to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Lockridge A, Jo S, Gustafson E, Damberg N, Mohan R, Olson M, Abrahante JE, Alejandro EU. Islet O-GlcNAcylation Is Required for Lipid Potentiation of Insulin Secretion through SERCA2. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107609. [PMID: 32375037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During early obesity, pancreatic β cells compensate for increased metabolic demand through a transient phase of insulin hypersecretion that stabilizes blood glucose and forestalls diabetic progression. We find evidence that β cell O-GlcNAcylation, a nutrient-responsive post-translational protein modification regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is critical for coupling hyperlipidemia to β cell functional adaptation during this compensatory prediabetic phase. In mice, islet O-GlcNAcylation rises and falls in tandem with the timeline of secretory potentiation during high-fat feeding while genetic models of β-cell-specific OGT loss abolish hyperinsulinemic responses to lipids, in vivo and in vitro. We identify the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ATPase SERCA2 as a β cell O-GlcNAcylated protein in mice and humans that is able to rescue palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion through pharmacological activation. This study reveals an important physiological role for β cell O-GlcNAcylation in sensing and responding to obesity, with therapeutic implications for managing the relationship between type 2 diabetes and its most common risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Lockridge
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Gustafson
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Niklas Damberg
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Miranda Olson
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan E Abrahante
- Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Zhang H, Li Z, Wang Y, Kong Y. O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of multiple cellular metabolic pathways. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation modifies proteins in serine or threonine residues in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. It regulates a variety of cellular biological processes and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient sensor and signal integrator to regulate metabolic signaling, and that dysregulation of its metabolism may be an important indicator of pathogenesis in disease. Here, we review the literature focusing on O-GlcNAcylation regulation in major metabolic processes, such as glucose metabolism, mitochondrial oxidation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. We discuss its role in physiological processes, such as cellular nutrient sensing and homeostasis maintenance. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a key regulator in multiple metabolic processes and pathways. Our review will provide a better understanding of how O-GlcNAcylation coordinates metabolism and integrates molecular networks.
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66
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O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071666. [PMID: 33916244 PMCID: PMC8037238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) linking nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to gene transcription. Mounting experimental and clinical data implicates aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of cancer. Herein, we discuss how alteration of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcriptional mechanisms leads to atypical gene expression in cancer. We discuss the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAc function and present several new approaches for studies of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcription. Abstract O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar post-translational modification (PTM) of intracellular proteins linking nutrient flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to the control of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development, progression, and alterations in gene expression in cancer. O-GlcNAc cycling is defined as the addition and subsequent removal of the modification by O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) provides a novel method for cells to regulate various aspects of gene expression, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. We will focus on the complex relationship between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) pre-initiation complex and the regulation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAP II via the synchronous actions of OGT, OGA, and kinases. Additionally, we discuss how O-GlcNAcylation of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) alters cellular metabolism. Next, in a non-exhaustive manner, we will discuss the current literature on how O-GlcNAcylation drives gene transcription in cancer through changes in transcription factor or chromatin remodeling complex functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAcylation and present several new approaches for studying O-GlcNAc regulated transcription that will advance our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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Makwana V, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Signalling transduction of O-GlcNAcylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-axis in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166129. [PMID: 33744394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are found to predominate the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Both these pathways have their own specific intermediates to propagate the secondary signals in down-stream cascades and besides having their own structured network, also have shared interconnecting branches. These interconnections are either competitive or co-operative in nature depending on the microenvironmental conditions. Specifically, in prostate cancer HBP and mTOR pathways increases the expression and protein level of androgen receptor in order to support cancer cell proliferation, advancement and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of a single pathway is therefore insufficient to stop disease progression as the cancer cells manage to alter the signalling channel. This is one of the primary reasons for the therapeutic failure in prostate cancer and emergence of chemoresistance. Inhibition of these multiple pathways at their common junctures might prove to be of benefit in men suffering from an advanced disease state. Hence, a thorough understanding of these cellular intersecting points and their significance with respect to signal transduction mechanisms might assist in the rational designing of combinations for effective management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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68
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Fu Y, Ricciardiello F, Yang G, Qiu J, Huang H, Xiao J, Cao Z, Zhao F, Liu Y, Luo W, Chen G, You L, Chiaradonna F, Zheng L, Zhang T. The Role of Mitochondria in the Chemoresistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:497. [PMID: 33669111 PMCID: PMC7996512 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-line chemotherapies for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine therapy. However, due to chemoresistance the prognosis of patients with PC has not been significantly improved. Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotes that evolved from aerobic bacteria. In recent years, many studies have shown that mitochondria play important roles in tumorigenesis and may act as chemotherapeutic targets in PC. In addition, according to recent studies, mitochondria may play important roles in the chemoresistance of PC by affecting apoptosis, metabolism, mtDNA metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. Interfering with some of these factors in mitochondria may improve the sensitivity of PC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, such as gemcitabine, making mitochondria promising targets for overcoming chemoresistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Francesca Ricciardiello
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Gang Yang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Hua Huang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zhe Cao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yueze Liu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Wenhao Luo
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Guangyu Chen
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei You
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Taiping Zhang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.F.); (G.Y.); (J.Q.); (H.H.); (J.X.); (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (G.C.); (L.Y.)
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Li S, Li Y, Chen F, Yang Y, Song L, Liu C, Wang B, Xu Y, Shao M, Li E. Metabolomics analysis reveals metabolic changes associated with trans-resveratrol treatment in experimental cryptorchidism mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:328-337. [PMID: 33602390 DOI: 10.1071/rd20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse global metabolomic changes associated with trans-resveratrol (RSV) treatment in mice with cryptorchidism using untargeted metabolomics. Cryptorchidism was established surgically in Kunming mice, which were then treated with 20µg g-1 day-1, s.c., RSV for 35 consecutive days. Typical manifestations of spermatogenesis arrest were seen in mice with cryptorchidism, and RSV treatment for 35 days restored spermatogenesis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to profile the metabolome of testes from mice in the control (non-cryptorchid, untreated), cryptorchid and RSV-treated cryptorchid groups. In all, 1386 and 179 differential metabolites were detected in the positive and negative modes respectively. Seven and six potential biomarkers were screened for spermatogenesis arrest and restoration respectively. Pathway analysis showed changes in 197 metabolic pathways. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway was inhibited in the cryptorchid group, which probably resulted in a decrease in the end product, uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). Immunoblot analysis showed that total testicular protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation was related to spermatogenesis arrest, further indicating a decrease in UDP-GlcNAc in the cryptorchid group. Thus, untargeted metabolomics revealed the biochemical pathways associated with the restoration of metabolic status in the cryptorchid group following RSV treatment and the findings could be used to monitor the response to RSV treatment. This study provides a meaningful foundation for the future clinical application of RSV in the treatment of spermatogenesis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China; and Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fujia Chen
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Li Song
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Chaoying Liu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China; and Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Baogen Wang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Mingguang Shao
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Enzhong Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China; and Corresponding author.
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Ricciardiello F, Bergamaschi L, De Vitto H, Gang Y, Zhang T, Palorini R, Chiaradonna F. Suppression of the HBP Function Increases Pancreatic Cancer Cell Sensitivity to a Pan-RAS Inhibitor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020431. [PMID: 33670598 PMCID: PMC7923121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death and the search for a resolutive therapy is still a challenge. Since KRAS is commonly mutated in PDAC and is one of the main drivers of PDAC progression, its inhibition should be a key strategy for treatment, especially considering the recent development of specific KRAS inhibitors. Nevertheless, the effects of KRAS inhibition can be increased through the co-inhibition of other nodes important for cancer development. One of them could be the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whose enhancement is considered fundamental for PDAC. Here, we demonstrate that PDAC cells expressing oncogenic KRAS, owing to an increase in the HBP flux, become strongly reliant on HBP for both proliferation and survival. In particular, upon treatment with two different compounds, 2-deoxyglucose and FR054, inhibiting both HBP and protein N-glycosylation, these cells undergo apoptosis significantly more than PDAC cells expressing wild-type KRAS. Importantly, we also show that the combined treatment between FR054 and the pan-RAS inhibitor BI-2852 has an additive negative effect on cell proliferation and survival by means of the suppression of both Akt activity and cyclin D1 expression. Thus, co-inhibition of HBP and oncogenic RAS may represent a novel therapy for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricciardiello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (L.B.); (H.D.V.)
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (L.B.); (H.D.V.)
| | - Humberto De Vitto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (L.B.); (H.D.V.)
| | - Yang Gang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.G.); (T.Z.)
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.G.); (T.Z.)
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (L.B.); (H.D.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (L.B.); (H.D.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (F.C.)
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Yang G, Xia Y, Ren W. Glutamine metabolism in Th17/Treg cell fate: applications in Th17 cell-associated diseases. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:221-233. [PMID: 32671630 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in the Th17/Treg cell balance is implicated in various autoimmune diseases and these disease-associated pathologies. Increasing investigations have shown that glutamine metabolism regulates the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. Here we summarize the mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism regulates Th17/Treg cell fate. Some examples of a glutamine metabolism-dependent modulation of the development and progression of several Th17 Treg cell-associated diseases are provided afterward. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of glutamine metabolism in the fate of Th17 Treg cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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72
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Rivlin M, Navon G. Molecular imaging of cancer by glucosamine chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI: A preclinical study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4431. [PMID: 33103831 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) was recently proposed as an agent with an excellent safety profile to detect cancer with the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI technique. Translation of the GlcN CEST method to the clinical application requires evaluation of its sensitivity to the different frequency regions of irradiation. Hence, imaging of the GlcN signal was established for the full Z spectra recorded following GlcN administration to mice bearing implanted 4T1 breast tumors. Significant CEST effects were observed at around 1.5, 3.6 and -3.4 ppm, corresponding to the hydroxyl, amine/amide exchangeable protons and for the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), respectively. The sources of the observed CEST effects were investigated by identifying the GlcN metabolic products as observed by 13 C NMR spectroscopy studies of extracts from the same tumor model following treatment with [UL-13 C] -GlcN·HCl. The CEST contribution can be attributed to several phosphorylated products of GlcN, including uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is a substrate for the O-linked and N-linked glycosylated proteins that may be associated with the increase of the NOE signal. The observation of a significant amount of lactate among the metabolic products hints at acidification as one of the sources of the enhanced CEST effect of GlcN. The proposed method may offer a new approach for clinical molecular imaging that enables the detection of metabolically active tumors and may play a role in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rivlin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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73
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Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030396. [PMID: 33494394 PMCID: PMC7865460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.
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74
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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75
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Qiang A, Slawson C, Fields PE. The Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Immune Cell Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:596617. [PMID: 33986724 PMCID: PMC8112354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.596617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification where the sugar, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is added to or removed from various cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. This modification is regulated by only two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the sugar from proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is integral to maintaining normal cellular function, especially in processes such as nutrient sensing, metabolism, transcription, and growth and development of the cell. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with a number of pathological conditions, including, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in immune cell growth/proliferation, or other immune responses, is currently incompletely understood. In this review, we highlight the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on certain cells of the immune system, especially those involved in pro-inflammatory responses associated with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Qiang
- Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Patrick E. Fields
- Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Patrick E. Fields,
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76
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Caon I, Parnigoni A, Viola M, Karousou E, Passi A, Vigetti D. Cell Energy Metabolism and Hyaluronan Synthesis. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:35-47. [PMID: 32623953 PMCID: PMC7780193 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420929772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by three hyaluronan synthases (HASes) at the plasma membrane using uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as substrates. The production of HA is mainly regulated by hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), that can be controlled at different levels, from epigenetics to transcriptional and post-translational modifications. HA biosynthesis is an energy-consuming process and, along with HA catabolism, is strongly connected to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The cytoplasmic pool of UDP-sugars is critical for HA synthesis. UDP-GlcNAc is an important nutrient sensor and serves as donor substrate for the O-GlcNAcylation of many cytosolic proteins, including HAS2. This post-translational modification stabilizes HAS2 in the membrane and increases HA production. Conversely, HAS2 can be phosphorylated by AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master metabolic regulator activated by low ATP/AMP ratios, which inhibits HA secretion. Similarly, HAS2 expression and the deposition of HA within the pericellular coat are inhibited by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), another important energetic sensor, confirming the tight connection between nutrients availability and HA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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77
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Abstract
The interest in fructose metabolism is based on the observation that an increased dietary fructose consumption leads to an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In particular, obesity is a known risk factor to develop many types of cancer and there is clinical and experimental evidence that an increased fructose intake promotes cancer growth. The precise mechanism, however, in which fructose induces tumor growth is still not fully understood. In this article, we present an overview of the metabolic pathways that utilize fructose and how fructose metabolism can sustain cancer cell proliferation. Although the degradation of fructose shares many of the enzymes and metabolic intermediates with glucose metabolism through glycolysis, glucose and fructose are metabolized differently. We describe the different metabolic fates of fructose carbons and how they are connected to lipogenesis and nucleotide synthesis. In addition, we discuss how the endogenous production of fructose from glucose via the polyol pathway can be beneficial for cancer cells.
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78
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Otomo H, Nara M, Kato S, Shimizu T, Suganuma Y, Sato T, Morii T, Yamada Y, Fujita H. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition attenuates protein overload in renal proximal tubule via suppression of megalin O-GlcNacylation in progressive diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2020; 113:154405. [PMID: 33069809 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The crosstalk between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition and a membrane-associated endocytic receptor megalin function involved in renal proximal tubular protein overload in progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN) is uncertain. Here, we determined whether SGLT2 inhibition affects megalin endocytic function through suppressing its O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) and protects the diabetic kidney from protein overload. MATERIALS AND METHOD We treated 8-week-old male non-obese and hypoinsulinemic KK/Ta-Ins2Akita (KK/Ta-Akita) mice which develop progressive DN with an SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin or insulin for 6 weeks, and investigated the endocytic function (proximal tubular protein reabsorption), renal expression and O-GlcNAcylation of megalin along with their effects on renal phenotypes including histology and biochemical markers. RESULTS The treatment with ipragliflozin, but not insulin, suppressed megalin O-GlcNAcylation and accelerated its internalization, resulting in reduction in proximal tubular reabsorption of the highly filtered plasma proteins such as albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. These alterations following the ipragliflozin treatment contributed to amelioration of proximal tubular protein overload, mitochondrial morphological abnormality, and renal oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a novel crosstalk mechanism between SGLT2 inhibition and megalin underlying the potential renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibition in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Otomo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Nara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yumi Suganuma
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Morii
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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79
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Nobile MS, Votta G, Palorini R, Spolaor S, De Vitto H, Cazzaniga P, Ricciardiello F, Mauri G, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F, Besozzi D. Fuzzy modeling and global optimization to predict novel therapeutic targets in cancer cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2181-2188. [PMID: 31750879 PMCID: PMC7141866 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The elucidation of dysfunctional cellular processes that can induce the onset of a disease is a challenging issue from both the experimental and computational perspectives. Here we introduce a novel computational method based on the coupling between fuzzy logic modeling and a global optimization algorithm, whose aims are to (1) predict the emergent dynamical behaviors of highly heterogeneous systems in unperturbed and perturbed conditions, regardless of the availability of quantitative parameters, and (2) determine a minimal set of system components whose perturbation can lead to a desired system response, therefore facilitating the design of a more appropriate experimental strategy. Results We applied this method to investigate what drives K-ras-induced cancer cells, displaying the typical Warburg effect, to death or survival upon progressive glucose depletion. The optimization analysis allowed to identify new combinations of stimuli that maximize pro-apoptotic processes. Namely, our results provide different evidences of an important protective role for protein kinase A in cancer cells under several cellular stress conditions mimicking tumor behavior. The predictive power of this method could facilitate the assessment of the response of other complex heterogeneous systems to drugs or mutations in fields as medicine and pharmacology, therefore paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic treatments. Availability and implementation The source code of FUMOSO is available under the GPL 2.0 license on GitHub at the following URL: https://github.com/aresio/FUMOSO Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Nobile
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Votta
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Palorini
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Simone Spolaor
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Humberto De Vitto
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Paolo Cazzaniga
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricciardiello
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Daniela Besozzi
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT Centre for Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
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80
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The evolving metabolic landscape of chromatin biology and epigenetics. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:737-753. [PMID: 32908249 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular inputs to chromatin via cellular metabolism are modifiers of the epigenome. These inputs - which include both nutrient availability as a result of diet and growth factor signalling - are implicated in linking the environment to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell identity. Recent studies have demonstrated that these inputs are much broader than had previously been known, encompassing metabolism from a wide variety of sources, including alcohol and microbiotal metabolism. These factors modify DNA and histones and exert specific effects on cell biology, systemic physiology and pathology. In this Review, we discuss the nature of these molecular networks, highlight their role in mediating cellular responses and explore their modifiability through dietary and pharmacological interventions.
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81
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Møller SH, Mellergaard M, Madsen M, Bermejo AV, Jepsen SD, Hansen MH, Høgh RI, Aldana BI, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ, Sustarsic EG, Gerhart-Hines Z, Daskalaki E, Wheelock CE, Hiron TK, Lin D, O'Callaghan CA, Wandall HH, Andresen L, Skov S. Cytoplasmic Citrate Flux Modulates the Immune Stimulatory NKG2D Ligand MICA in Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1968. [PMID: 32849657 PMCID: PMC7431954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance of cancer cells is facilitated by the Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor expressed by different lymphocyte subsets. It recognizes NKG2D ligands that are rarely expressed on healthy cells, but upregulated by tumorigenesis, presenting a target for immunological clearance. The molecular mechanisms responsible for NKG2D ligand regulation remain complex. Here we report that cancer cell metabolism supports constitutive surface expression of the NKG2D ligand MHC class I chain-related proteins A (MICA). Knockout of the N-glycosylation gene N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) in HEK293 cells induced altered metabolism and continuous high MICA surface expression. MGAT5 knockout cells were used to examine the association of cell metabolism and MICA expression through genetic, pharmacological and metabolic assays. Findings were verified in cancer cell lines. Cells with constitutive high MICA expression showed enhanced spare respiratory capacity and elevated mitochondrial efflux of citrate, determined by extracellular flux analysis and metabolomics. MICA expression was reduced by inhibitors of mitochondrial function, FCCP and etomoxir e.g., and depended on conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate by ATP citrate lyase, which was also observed in several cancer cell types. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis revealed that upregulated MICA transcription was associated with an open chromatin structure at the MICA transcription start site. We identify mitochondria and cytoplasmic citrate as key regulators of constitutive MICA expression and we propose that metabolic reprogramming of certain cancer cells facilitates MICA expression and NKG2D-mediated immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie H Møller
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Amaia V Bermejo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stine D Jepsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marie H Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke I Høgh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elahu G Sustarsic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Daskalaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Hiron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Andresen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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82
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Puttamallesh VN, Deb B, Gondkar K, Jain A, Nair B, Pandey A, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Kumar P. Quantitative Proteomics of Urinary Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Identify UAP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070763. [PMID: 32650368 PMCID: PMC7397020 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is required to improve clinical management of this cancer. Aberrant protein expression may lead to cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, the identification of these potential protein targets and limiting their expression levels would provide alternative treatment options. In this study, we utilized a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based global proteomics approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in bladder cancer cell lines. A total of 3913 proteins were identified in this study, of which 479 proteins were overexpressed and 141 proteins were downregulated in 4 out of 6 BC cell lines when compared with normal human urothelial cell line (TERT-NHUC). We evaluated the role of UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP1) in bladder cancer pathogenesis. The silencing of UAP1 led to reduction in proliferation, invasion, colony formation and migration capability of bladder cancer cell lines. Thus, our study reveals UAP1 as a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinuth N. Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kirti Gondkar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Ankit Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-28416140; Fax: +91-80-28416132
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83
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Heterogeneity of Glucose Transport in Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060868. [PMID: 32517099 PMCID: PMC7356687 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glucose uptake is a known hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells need glucose for energy production via glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and also to fuel the pentose phosphate pathway, the serine biosynthetic pathway, lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. For this reason, glucose transport inhibition is an emerging new treatment for different malignancies, including lung cancer. However, studies both in animal models and in humans have shown high levels of heterogeneity in the utilization of glucose and other metabolites in cancer, unveiling a complexity that is difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we present an overview of different levels of heterogeneity in glucose uptake and utilization in lung cancer, with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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84
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Chang YH, Weng CL, Lin KI. O-GlcNAcylation and its role in the immune system. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:57. [PMID: 32349769 PMCID: PMC7189445 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a type of glycosylation that occurs when a monosaccharide, O-GlcNAc, is added onto serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and which can be reversibly removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation couples the processes of nutrient sensing, metabolism, signal transduction and transcription, and plays important roles in development, normal physiology and physiopathology. Cumulative studies have indicated that O-GlcNAcylation affects the functions of protein substrates in a number of ways, including protein cellular localization, protein stability and protein/protein interaction. Particularly, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to have intricate crosstalk with phosphorylation as they both modify serine or threonine residues. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on various protein substrates has been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancers. However, the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in immune cell lineages has been less explored. This review summarizes the current understanding of the fundamental biochemistry of O-GlcNAcylation, and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation regulates the development, maturation and functions of immune cells. In brief, O-GlcNAcylation promotes the development, proliferation, and activation of T and B cells. O-GlcNAcylation regulates inflammatory and antiviral responses of macrophages. O-GlcNAcylation promotes the function of activated neutrophils, but inhibits the activity of nature killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Weng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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85
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Hexosamine pathway inhibition overcomes pancreatic cancer resistance to gemcitabine through unfolded protein response and EGFR-Akt pathway modulation. Oncogene 2020; 39:4103-4117. [PMID: 32235891 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Different evidence has indicated metabolic rewiring as a necessity for pancreatic cancer (PC) growth, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. A relevant role has been assigned to glucose metabolism. In particular, an enhanced flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) has been tightly linked to PC development. Here, we show that enhancement of the HBP, through the upregulation of the enzyme Phosphoacetylglucosamine Mutase 3 (PGM3), is associated with the onset of gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in PC. Indeed, mRNA profiles of GEM sensitive and resistant patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) indicate that PGM3 expression is specifically increased in GEM-resistant PDXs. Of note, PGM3 results also overexpressed in human PC tissues as compared to paired adjacent normal tissues and its higher expression in PC patients is associated with worse median overall survival (OS). Strikingly, genetic or pharmacological PGM3 inhibition reduces PC cell growth, migration, invasion, in vivo tumor growth and enhances GEM sensitivity. Thus, combined treatment between a specific inhibitor of PGM3, named FR054, and GEM results in a potent reduction of xenograft tumor growth without any obvious side effects in normal tissues. Mechanistically, PGM3 inhibition, reducing protein glycosylation, causes a sustained Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a significant attenuation of the pro-tumorigenic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Akt axis, and finally cell death. In conclusion this study identifies the HBP as a metabolic pathway involved in GEM resistance and provides a strong rationale for a PC therapy addressing the combined treatment with the PGM3 inhibitor and GEM.
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86
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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87
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Park J, Lai MKP, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. O-GlcNAcylation as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:171-193. [PMID: 31894464 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and the number of elderly patients suffering from AD has been steadily increasing. Despite worldwide efforts to cope with this disease, little progress has been achieved with regard to identification of effective therapeutics. Thus, active research focusing on identification of new therapeutic targets of AD is ongoing. Among the new targets, post-translational modifications which modify the properties of mature proteins have gained attention. O-GlcNAcylation, a type of PTM that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to a protein, is being sought as a new target to treat AD pathologies. O-GlcNAcylation has been known to modify the two important components of AD pathological hallmarks, amyloid precursor protein, and tau protein. In addition, elevating O-GlcNAcylation levels in AD animal models has been shown to be effective in alleviating AD-associated pathology. Although studies investigating the precise mechanism of reversal of AD pathologies by targeting O-GlcNAcylation are not yet complete, it is clearly important to examine O-GlcNAcylation regulation as a target of AD therapeutics. This review highlights the mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation and its role as a potential therapeutic target under physiological and pathological AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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88
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Lopes-Coelho F, Martins F, Serpa J. Endothelial Cells (ECs) Metabolism: A Valuable Piece to Disentangle Cancer Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:143-159. [PMID: 32130698 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies to fight cancer should not be focused specifically on cancer cells, but it should consider the various components of the TME. Non-cancerous cells cooperate with cancer cells by sharing signaling and organic molecules, accounting for cancer progression. Most of the anti-angiogenic therapy clinically approved for the treatment of human diseases relies on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. Unexpectedly and unfortunately, the results of anti-angiogenic therapies in the treatment of human diseases are not so effective, showing an insufficient efficacy and resistance.This chapter will give some insights on showing that targeting endothelial cell metabolism is a missing piece to revolutionize cancer therapy. Only recently endothelial cell (EC) metabolism has been granted as an important inducer of angiogenesis. Metabolic studies in EC demonstrated that targeting EC metabolism can be an alternative to overcome the failure of anti-angiogenic therapies. Hence, it is urgent to increase the knowledge on how ECs alter their metabolism during human diseases, in order to open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of pathophysiological angiogenesis, as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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89
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Harada Y, Ohkawa Y, Kizuka Y, Taniguchi N. Oligosaccharyltransferase: A Gatekeeper of Health and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236074. [PMID: 31810196 PMCID: PMC6929149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) is a multi-span membrane protein complex that catalyzes the addition of glycans to selected Asn residues within nascent polypeptides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This process, termed N-glycosylation, is a fundamental post-translational protein modification that is involved in the quality control, trafficking of proteins, signal transduction, and cell-to-cell communication. Given these crucial roles, N-glycosylation is essential for homeostasis at the systemic and cellular levels, and a deficiency in genes that encode for OST subunits often results in the development of complex genetic disorders. A growing body of evidence has also demonstrated that the expression of OST subunits is cell context-dependent and is frequently altered in malignant cells, thus contributing to tumor cell survival and proliferation. Importantly, a recently developed inhibitor of OST has revealed this enzyme as a potential target for the treatment of incurable drug-resistant tumors. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the functions of OST in the light of health and tumor progression, and discusses perspectives on the clinical relevance of inhibiting OST as a tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; (Y.H.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6945-1181
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90
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Rahmani S, Defferrari MS, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic. Traffic 2019; 20:912-931. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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91
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Chokchaitaweesuk C, Kobayashi T, Izumikawa T, Itano N. Enhanced hexosamine metabolism drives metabolic and signaling networks involving hyaluronan production and O-GlcNAcylation to exacerbate breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31645543 PMCID: PMC6811536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) metabolically regulates dynamic cellular events by linking nutrient availability to numerous signaling networks. Significant alterations in the HBP are often associated with cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the molecular events underlying cancer pathogenesis associated with enhanced HBP flux. Multidimensional analysis of microarray datasets demonstrated up-regulation of genes encoding HBP enzymes in clinical breast cancers and revealed that co-expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), a rate-limiting enzyme of the HBP, was strongly correlated with a poor prognosis in advanced cancer patients. Consistently with the clinical data, comparative analyses of distinct breast cancer mouse models demonstrated enhancement of the HBP gene expression in primary carcinoma cells, with elevation of Has2 expression and hyaluronan production in aggressive breast cancer cells. The silencing of GFAT reduced CD44high/CD24low cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulations, aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell populations, and mammosphere size, which were further diminished by gene targeting of Has2. Has2 gene disruption reduced the in vivo growth of aggressive cancer cells and attenuated pro-tumorigenic Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and cisplatin resistance. Overall protein O-GlcNAcylation was also elevated in association with HBP enhancement in aggressive cancer cells, and the modification exhibited overlapping but distinct roles from the hyaluronan signal in the regulation of CSC-like features. The current data therefore demonstrate that enhanced hexosamine metabolism drives pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways involving hyaluronan and O-GlcNAcylation in aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Izumikawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Division of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University Graduate School, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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92
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King DT, Males A, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. Molecular mechanisms regulating O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-processing enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:131-144. [PMID: 31654859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) dynamically programmes cellular physiology to maintain homoeostasis and tailor biochemical pathways to meet context-dependent cellular needs. Despite diverse roles of played by O-GlcNAc, only two enzymes act antagonistically to govern its cycling; O-GlcNAc transferase installs the monosaccharide on target proteins, and O-GlcNAc hydrolase removes it. The recent literature has exposed a network of mechanisms regulating these two enzymes to choreograph global, and target-specific, O-GlcNAc cycling in response to cellular stress and nutrient availability. Herein, we amalgamate these emerging mechanisms from a structural and molecular perspective to explore how the cell exerts fine control to regulate O-GlcNAcylation of diverse proteins in a selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T King
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Males
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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93
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Moriggi M, Giussani M, Torretta E, Capitanio D, Sandri M, Leone R, De Palma S, Vasso M, Vozzi G, Tagliabue E, Gelfi C. ECM Remodeling in Breast Cancer with Different Grade: Contribution of 2D-DIGE Proteomics. Proteomics 2019; 18:e1800278. [PMID: 30353998 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in outcome of breast cancer (BC) patients. Overexpression of 58 genes, encoding 43 structural ECM proteins, has been identified to determine a specific cluster of BC with accelerated metastatic potential only in the undifferentiated (grade III) phenotype. The scope of this study is to characterize protein repertoire able to predict patient outcome in BC according to ECM gene expression pattern and histological grade. The differential proteomic analysis is based on 2D-differential gel electrophoresis, MALDI-MS, bioinformatics, and immunoblotting. Results suggest a relationship among ECM remodeling, signal mechanotransduction, and metabolic rewiring in BCs characterized by a specific mRNA ECM signature and identified a set of dysregulated proteins characteristic of hormone receptors expression as fibrinogen-β chain, collagen α-1(VI) chain, and α-1B-glycoprotein. Furthermore, in triple negative tumors with ECM signature, the FGG and α5β1/αvβ3 integrins increase whereas detyrosinated α-tubulin and mimecan decrease leading to unorganized integrin presentation involving focal adhesion kinase, activation of Rho GTPases associated to epithelial mesenchymal transition. In hormone receptors negative BCs characterized by a specific ECM gene cluster, the differentially regulated proteins, identified in the present study, can be potentially relevant to predict patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Marta Giussani
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Sara De Palma
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate-Cefalù 20090, Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate-Cefalù 20090, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center BE. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione (DII), University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20129, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano 20161, Italy
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94
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Jiang M, Wu N, Xu B, Chu Y, Li X, Su S, Chen D, Li W, Shi Y, Gao X, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Du W, Nie Y, Liang J, Fan D. Fatty acid-induced CD36 expression via O-GlcNAcylation drives gastric cancer metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5359-5373. [PMID: 31410220 PMCID: PMC6691574 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in patients with advanced cancer. Recently, a high-fat diet was shown to specifically promote the metastatic potential of specific cancer cells in a CD36-dependent manner. However, the molecular basis of the fatty acid (FA)-induced upregulation of CD36 has remained unclear. Methods: RT-qPCR, FACS analysis, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, as well as retrieving TCGA database, were carried out to quantitate CD36 expression in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines. Transwell assay and xenografts were used to assess cell metastasis abilities in vitro and in vivo after indicated treatment. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to evaluate the changes in signaling pathways when O-GlcNAcylation level was increased in GC cells and in vitro O-GlcNAcylation assay was utilized for wild and mutant types of CD36 protein to explore the potential O-GlcNAcylation sites. Results: High CD36 expression is a predictor of poor survival and promotes metastasis of GC cells and the use of neutralizing antibodies to block CD36 inhibits GC metastasis in mice. FA or a HFD promotes the metastatic potential of GC cells by upregulating CD36 via increasing the O-GlcNAcylation level. Increased O-GlcNAcylation levels promote the transcription of CD36 by activating the NF-κB pathway and also increase its FA uptake activity by directly modifying CD36 at S468 and T470. Conclusion: FA-induced hyper-O-GlcNAcylation promotes the transcription and function of CD36 by activating the NF-κB pathway and directly modifying CD36 at S468 and T470, which drives GC metastasis.
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95
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Akella NM, Ciraku L, Reginato MJ. Fueling the fire: emerging role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cancer. BMC Biol 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31272438 PMCID: PMC6610925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism and deregulated cellular energetics are now considered a hallmark of all cancers. Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. These nutrient-driven post-translational modifications are highly altered in cancer and regulate protein functions in various cancer-associated processes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the mechanistic relationship between the HBP and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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96
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Wang K, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Apoptosis of cancer cells is triggered by selective crosslinking and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Commun Biol 2019; 2:231. [PMID: 31263775 PMCID: PMC6588694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) have been the most prevalent therapeutic targets in anti-cancer drug development. However, the emergence of drug resistance toward single target RTK inhibitors remains a major challenge to achieve long-term remissions. Development of alternative RTK inhibitory strategies that bypass drug resistance is much wanted. In the present study, we found that selected cell surface RTKs were inhibited and crosslinked into detergent resistant complexes by oligomeric but not monomeric concanavalin A (ConA). The inhibition of RTKs by ConA led to suppression of pro-survival pathways and induction of apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines, while overexpression of constitutively activated protein kinase B (AKT) reversed the apoptotic effect. However, major cell stress sensing checkpoints were not influenced by ConA. To our knowledge, selective crosslinking and inhibition of cell surface receptors by ConA-like molecules might represent a previously unidentified mechanism that could be potentially exploited for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yiying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
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97
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Breda CNDS, Davanzo GG, Basso PJ, Saraiva Câmara NO, Moraes-Vieira PMM. Mitochondria as central hub of the immune system. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101255. [PMID: 31247505 PMCID: PMC6598836 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 130 years after the first insights into the existence of mitochondria, new rolesassociated with these organelles continue to emerge. As essential hubs that dictate cell fate, mitochondria integrate cell physiology, signaling pathways and metabolism. Thus, recent research has focused on understanding how these multifaceted functions can be used to improve inflammatory responses and prevent cellular dysfunction. Here, we describe the role of mitochondria on the development and function of immune cells, highlighting metabolic aspects and pointing out some metabolic- independent features of mitochondria that sustain cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Naffah de Souza Breda
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Manoel Mendes Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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98
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Abstract
The glycome describes the complete repertoire of glycoconjugates composed of carbohydrate chains, or glycans, that are covalently linked to lipid or protein molecules. Glycoconjugates are formed through a process called glycosylation and can differ in their glycan sequences, the connections between them and their length. Glycoconjugate synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on the local milieu of enzymes, sugar precursors and organelle structures as well as the cell types involved and cellular signals. Studies of rare genetic disorders that affect glycosylation first highlighted the biological importance of the glycome, and technological advances have improved our understanding of its heterogeneity and complexity. Researchers can now routinely assess how the secreted and cell-surface glycomes reflect overall cellular status in health and disease. In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease. New insights into the structure and function of the glycome can now be applied to therapy development and could improve our ability to fine-tune immunological responses and inflammation, optimize the performance of therapeutic antibodies and boost immune responses to cancer. These examples illustrate the potential of the emerging field of 'glycomedicine'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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99
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Scott E, Munkley J. Glycans as Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1389. [PMID: 30893936 PMCID: PMC6470778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over350,000 lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing, but this misses some aggressive tumours, and leads to the overtreatment of non-harmfuldisease. Hence, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. As prostate cancer is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease, it is likely that multiplebiomarkers will be needed to guide clinical decisions. Fluid-based biomarkers would be ideal, andattention is now turning to minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which enable the analysis oftumour components in patient blood or urine. Effective diagnostics using liquid biopsies willrequire a multifaceted approach, and a recent high-profile review discussed combining multipleanalytes, including changes to the tumour transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome.However, the concentration on genomics-based paramaters for analysing liquid biopsies ispotentially missing a goldmine. Glycans have shown huge promise as disease biomarkers, anddata suggests that integrating biomarkers across multi-omic platforms (including changes to theglycome) can improve the stratification of patients with prostate cancer. A wide range ofalterations to glycans have been observed in prostate cancer, including changes to PSAglycosylation, increased sialylation and core fucosylation, increased O-GlcNacylation, theemergence of cryptic and branched N-glyans, and changes to galectins and proteoglycans. In thisreview, we discuss the huge potential to exploit glycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkersfor prostate cancer, and argue that the inclusion of glycans in a multi-analyte liquid biopsy test forprostate cancer will help maximise clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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100
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Rauth M, Freund P, Orlova A, Grünert S, Tasic N, Han X, Ruan HB, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R. Cell Metabolism Control Through O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5: A Full or Empty Fuel Tank Makes a Big Difference for Cancer Cell Growth and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1028. [PMID: 30818760 PMCID: PMC6429193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that influences tyrosine phosphorylation in healthy and malignant cells. O-GlcNAc is a product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, a side pathway of glucose metabolism. It is essential for cell survival and proper gene regulation, mirroring the metabolic status of a cell. STAT3 and STAT5 proteins are essential transcription factors that can act in a mutational context-dependent manner as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. They regulate gene expression for vital processes such as cell differentiation, survival, or growth, and are also critically involved in metabolic control. The role of STAT3/5 proteins in metabolic processes is partly independent of their transcriptional regulatory role, but is still poorly understood. Interestingly, STAT3 and STAT5 are modified by O-GlcNAc in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Here, we discuss and summarize evidence of O-GlcNAcylation-regulating STAT function, focusing in particular on hyperactive STAT5A transplant studies in the hematopoietic system. We emphasize that a single O-GlcNAc modification is essential to promote development of neoplastic cell growth through enhancing STAT5A tyrosine phosphorylation. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5A on threonine 92 lowers tyrosine phosphorylation of oncogenic STAT5A and ablates malignant transformation. We conclude on strategies for new therapeutic options to block O-GlcNAcylation in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to target neoplastic cancer cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rauth
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patricia Freund
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | - Xiaonan Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences (ILAS), Beijing 100730, China.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100006, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Medical University Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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