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Aichinger G. Natural Dibenzo-α-Pyrones: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13063. [PMID: 34884865 PMCID: PMC8657677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones (DAPs) can be viewed from two opposite angles. From one angle, the gastrointestinal metabolites urolithins are regarded as beneficial, while from the other, the emerging mycotoxin alternariol and related fungal metabolites are evaluated critically with regards to potential hazardous effects. Thus, the important question is: can the structural characteristics of DAP subgroups be held responsible for distinct bioactivity patterns? If not, certain toxicological and/or pharmacological aspects of natural DAPs might yet await elucidation. Thus, this review focuses on comparing published data on the two groups of natural DAPs regarding both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. Literature on genotoxic, estrogenic, endocrine-disruptive effects, as well as on the induction of the cellular anti-oxidative defense system, anti-inflammatory properties, the inhibition of kinases, the activation of mitophagy and the induction of autophagy, is gathered and critically reviewed. Indeed, comparing published data suggests similar bioactivity profiles of alternariol and urolithin A. Thus, the current stratification into hazardous Alternaria toxins and healthy urolithins seems debatable. An extrapolation of bioactivities to the other DAP sub-class could serve as a promising base for further research. Conclusively, urolithins should be further evaluated toward high-dose toxicity, while alternariol derivatives could be promising chemicals for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice moderates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in AlCl 3-treated male mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126842. [PMID: 34418746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) exposure was proven to encourage some behavioral deficits and eventually induces anxiety and depression in rodents animals. Therefore, this experiment aimed to scout about the effects of pomegranate juice on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors caused by AlCl3 in male mice. METHODS Six groups of male mice were administrated orally for 35 days by PJ and AlCl3. The control group (G-I) received tap water, while the PJ groups (G-II and G-III) were treated with 20 % and 40 % PJ, respectively. The AlCl3 group (G-IV) was treated with 400 mg/kg/day of AlCl3, and the last two groups (G-V and G-VI) were treated with AlCl3 and 20 % PJ or 40 % PJ, respectively. Then, the open-field (O-F), elevated plus maze (EPM), tail suspension (TS), forced swimming (FS), and light/dark box (L/DB) tests were applied for anxiety- and depression-like behavior studies. In addition, neurotransmitters and oxidative parameters in the brain were evaluated. The plasma cortisol was measured at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Behavioral analyses showed that PJ inhibited AlCl3-induced depressive and anxiogenic effects in the O-F, EPM, TS, FS, L/DB tests. In addition, neurochemical results indicated that PJ at 20 % concentration minimized the AlCl3 toxicity on dopamine (DOP), serotonin (SER), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in the for-brain of male mice. Moreover, PJ moderated the AlCl3 effects by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and enhancing catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) activities. The plasma cortisol increased in male mice treated with AlCl3 and in a group treated with a high dose of PJ. CONCLUSION Our results proposed that the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by AlCl3 exposure in male mice can be ameliorated by PJ treatment, probably through the inhibition of oxidative damage and minimizing the changes in neurotransmitters and hormonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Ghaleb Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in aging and longevity: An overview. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101443. [PMID: 34390849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) belong to serine/threonine kinases family, regulated by ∼21 kDa small signaling G proteins RAC1 and CDC42. The mammalian PAK family comprises six members (PAK1-6) that are classified into two groups (I and II) based on their domain architecture and regulatory mechanisms. PAKs are implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. PAK1 has recently attracted increasing attention owing to its involvement in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis as well as several life-limiting diseases and pathological conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PAK1 functions limit the lifespan under basal conditions by inhibiting forkhead transcription factor DAF-16. Interestingly, PAK depletion extended longevity and attenuated the onset of age-related phenotypes in a premature-aging mouse model and delayed senescence in mammalian fibroblasts. These observations implicate PAKs as not only oncogenic but also aging kinases. Therefore, PAK-targeting genetic and/or pharmacological interventions, particularly PAK1-targeting, could be a viable strategy for developing cancer therapies with relatively no side effects and promoting healthy longevity. This review describes PAK family proteins, their biological functions, and their role in regulating aging and longevity using C. elegans. Moreover, we discuss the effect of small-molecule PAK1 inhibitors on the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans.
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Kryl'skii ED, Razuvaev GA, Potapova TN, Akinina AI, Nihaev LE. Functioning of the Antioxidant Defense System in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:716-721. [PMID: 34705173 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the functioning of antioxidant system in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism was conducted. The development of pathology led to inhibition of the majority of the studied antioxidant enzymes in the brain and blood serum of animals, which can be associated with decompensation of oxidative stress under conditions of prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes apparently make an important contribution into neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and striatum and motor disorders in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Kryl'skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia.
| | - G A Razuvaev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - T N Potapova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - A I Akinina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - L E Nihaev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113744. [PMID: 34836000 PMCID: PMC8617978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Harjot Khaira
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Taciana Lunelli
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9347-4200
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Hasheminezhad SH, Boozari M, Iranshahi M, Yazarlu O, Sahebkar A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M. A mechanistic insight into the biological activities of urolithins as gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins. Phytother Res 2021; 36:112-146. [PMID: 34542202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers. It is now obvious that urolithins can involve several cellular mechanisms including inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and suppressing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Antiaging activity is the most appealing and probably the most important property of urolithin A that has been investigated in depth in recent studies, owing to its unique effects on activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. A recent clinical trial showed that urolithin A is safe up to 2,500 mg/day and can improve mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly patients. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of many diseases, urolithins merit further research especially in clinical trials to unravel more aspects of their clinical significance. Besides the nutritional value of urolithins, recent studies proved that urolithins can be used as pharmacological agents to prevent or cure several diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the potential role of urolithins as new therapeutic agents with a special focus on the molecular pathways that have been involved in their biological effects. The pharmacokinetics of urolithins is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Yazarlu
- Department of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Kujawska M, Jourdes M, Witucki Ł, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Szulc M, Górska A, Mikołajczak PŁ, Teissedre PL, Jodynis-Liebert J. Pomegranate Juice Ameliorates Dopamine Release and Behavioral Deficits in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1127. [PMID: 34573149 PMCID: PMC8467386 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a rich source of ellagitannins (ETs), precursors of colonic metabolite urolithin A, which are believed to contribute to pomegranate's neuroprotective effect. While many experimental studies involving PJ's role in Alzheimer's disease and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury have been conducted, our knowledge of pomegranate's effects against Parkinson's disease (PD) is very limited. Previously, we have reported that PJ treatment improved postural stability, which correlated well with enhancement of neuronal survival, protection against oxidative damage, and α-synuclein aggregation. Since olfactory and motor deficits are typical symptoms of PD, in this study, we aimed to investigate the capability of PJ to protect against olfactory, motoric, and neurochemical alterations. To evaluate its efficiency, Wistar rats were given a combined treatment with ROT (1.3 mg/kg b.w./day, s.c.) and PJ (500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 35 days. After this, we assessed the olfactory discrimination index (DI) and vertical and horizontal activities as well as levels of dopamine and its main metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the dissected midbrain of animals. Our findings provide the first evidence that PJ treatment protects against ROT-induced DA depletion in the midbrain, which correlates well with improved olfactory function and vertical activity as well as with the presence of urolithin A in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (J.J.-L.)
| | - Michael Jourdes
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.J.); (P.-L.T.)
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, INRA, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michał Szulc
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Agata Górska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (J.J.-L.)
| | - Przemysław Ł. Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.J.); (P.-L.T.)
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, INRA, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (J.J.-L.)
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Ali AA, Kamal MM, Khalil MG, Ali SA, Elariny HA, Bekhit A, Wahid A. Behavioral, Biochemical and Histopathological effects of Standardised Pomegranate extract with Vinpocetine, Propolis or Cocoa in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Aging Res 2021; 48:191-210. [PMID: 34384037 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1959823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder. Pomegranate (POM) has been previously shown to have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect against parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible effect of POM in combination with each of vinpocetine, propolis, or cocoa in the treatment of parkinsonism disease even without being given as adjuvant to L-dopa . METHODS Rats were divided into seven groups, one normal and six RT model groups. One of the RT groups (2.5 mg/kg/48 h/10 doses sc), for 20 days served as non-treated parkinsonism model, whereas the others were treated with either L-dopa (10 mg/kg, p.o./day) or with POM (150 mg/kg, p.o./day) together with each of the following; vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg, p.o./day), propolis (300 mg/kg, p.o./day), cocoa (24 mg/kg, p.o./day). Motor and cognitive performances were examined using four tests (catalepsy, swimming, Y-maze, open field). Striatal dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, acetylcholinesterase, GSK-3β, BDNF levels were assessed as well as MDA, SOD, TAC, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOs, and caspase-3. Also, histopathological examinations of different brain regions were determined. RESULTS Treatment with L-dopa alone or with all POM combination groups alleviated the deficits in locomotor activities, cognition, neurotransmitter levels, acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as caspase-3 expression induced by RT. CONCLUSION Combinations of POM with each of VIN, propolis, or cocoa have a promising disease-modifying antiparkinsonian therapy even without being given as an adjuvant to L-dopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemat A Elariny
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Bekhit
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice reverses AlCl 3-Induced neurotoxicity and improves learning and memory in female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111270. [PMID: 33992638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum is a neurotoxic element that can accumulate in the brain and cause neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the antioxidants found in pomegranate juice (PJ) are much more than those existing in other fruits. It was proven to provide protection against neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES This experiment aimed to clarify the amelioration efficiency of PJ against aluminum chloride-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in female mice. METHODS The female mice were given oral administrations for 35 days as follows. The control group received tap water, the PJ groups received 20% and 40% pomegranate juice, the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) group was treated with 400 mg/kg AlCl3, and the last two groups received AlCl3 + 20% PJ and AlCl3 + 40% PJ, respectively. The neurobehavioral features were assessed by shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze devices. Furthermore, the neurotransmitters and oxidative indicators in the brains of the female mice were determined at the end of experiment. RESULTS Significant effects of AlCl3 were observed on female mice in the body weight, during the behavioral tasks (shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze), and in neurotransmitters and oxidative stress parameters. Pomegranate juice, especially at low concentrations, induced remarkable improvements in body weight, spatial memory and learning during T-maze, Morris water maze and shuttle box tasks, as well as in neurotransmitters and oxidative biomarkers in the AlCl3-treated female mice. CONCLUSION PJ reversed AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity and improved learning and memory in female mice. However, PJ contains a group of antioxidants that may be considered double-edged swords in the cellular redox status especially at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem M Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen G Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Natural compounds modulate the autophagy with potential implication of stroke. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1708-1720. [PMID: 34386317 PMCID: PMC8343111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability, which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community. To date, effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents. Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPK, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATG, autophagy related genes
- Autophagy
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BNIP3L, BCL2/adenovirus
- COPII, coat protein complex II
- Cerebral ischemia
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HD, Huntington's disease
- IPC, ischemic preconditioning
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- Lysosomal activation
- Mitochondria
- Mitophagy
- Natural compounds
- Neurological disorders
- Neuroprotection
- OGD/R, oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PERK, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- ULK, Unc-51- like kinase
- Uro-A, urolithin A
- eIF2a, eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Anwar HM, Georgy GS, Hamad SR, Badr WK, El Raey MA, Abdelfattah MAO, Wink M, Sobeh M. A Leaf Extract of Harrisonia abyssinica Ameliorates Neurobehavioral, Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060947. [PMID: 34208063 PMCID: PMC8230640 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an omnipresent mineral element in the environment. The brain is a central target of Al toxicity, being highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, recognition of drugs or natural products that guard against Al-mediated neuronal cell death is a powerful strategy for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This work aimed to explore the potential of a leaf extract from Harrisonia abyssinica to modulate the neurobehavioral, biochemical and histopathological activities induced experimentally by Al in vivo. Rats subjected to Al treatment displayed a reduction in learning and memory performance in a passive avoidance test accompanied by a decrease in the hippocampal monoamine and glutamate levels in addition to suppression of Bcl2 expression. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and expression of Bax) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) levels were elevated along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, histological changes and marked deposition of amyloid β plaques in the hippocampus region of the brain tissues being observed in Al-treated animals. Concomitant administration of the high dose of H. abyssinica (200 mg/kg b.w.) restored nearly normal levels of all parameters measured, rather than the low dose (100 mg/kg b.w.), an effect that was comparable to the reference drug (rivastigmine). Molecular docking revealed the appropriate potential of the extract components to block the active site of AChE and ERK2. In conclusion, H. abyssinica leaf extract conferred neuroprotection against Al-induced neurotoxic effects, most likely due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Gehan S. Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Sherin Ramadan Hamad
- Department of Histopathology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo 11221, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa K. Badr
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6 H-Benzo[ c]chromen-6-one Derivatives as Potential Phosphodiesterase II Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115680. [PMID: 34073595 PMCID: PMC8199001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithins (hydroxylated 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-ones) are the main bioavailable metabolites of ellagic acid (EA), which was shown to be a cognitive enhancer in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As part of this research, a series of alkoxylated 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. Furthermore, their biological activities were evaluated as potential PDE2 inhibitors, and the alkoxylated 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivative 1f was found to have the optimal inhibitory potential (IC50: 3.67 ± 0.47 μM). It also exhibited comparable activity in comparison to that of BAY 60-7550 in vitro cell level studies.
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Okuyama S, Furukawa Y, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Nakajima M, Yoshida T. Oenothein B, a Bioactive Ellagitannin, Activates the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 Signaling Pathway in the Mouse Brain. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10051030. [PMID: 34065522 PMCID: PMC8161343 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Oenothein B, a cyclic dimeric ellagitannin present in various medicinal plants, has been reported to exert diverse effects that are beneficial for the treatment and prevention of diseases, including cancer and infections. We recently showed that oenothein B also functions in the brain because its oral administration to systemic inflammatory model mice reduced inflammatory responses in the brain and suppressed abnormal behavior. (2) Results: The present in vivo results demonstrated that oenothein B activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and cAMP response element-binding protein in the brain, both of which play important roles in synaptic transmission and learning/memory in the central nervous system (CNS). (3) Conclusions: These results suggest that oenothein B exerts neuroprotective effects on the CNS by not only its anti-inflammatory activity but also by enhancing neuronal signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (S.O.); (M.N.)
| | - Yoshiko Furukawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (S.O.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +89-925-7111; Fax: +89-926-7162
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (S.O.); (M.N.)
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Ehime, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.A.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Vásquez-Reyes S, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vargas-Castillo A, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Dietary bioactive compounds as modulators of mitochondrial function. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108768. [PMID: 34000412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in incidence and prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, is a health problem worldwide. Nutritional strategies that can impact on mitochondrial activity represent a novel and effective option to modulate energy expenditure and energetic metabolism in cells and tissues and could be used as adjuvant treatments for metabolic-associated disorders. Dietary bioactive compounds also known as "food bioactives" have proven to exert multiple health benefits and counteract metabolic alterations. In the last years, it has been consistently reported that the modulation of mitochondrial function represents one of the mechanisms behind the bioactive compounds-dependent health improvements. In this review, we focus on gathering, summarizing, and discussing the evidence that supports the effect of dietary bioactive compounds on mitochondrial activity and the relation of these effects in the pathological context. Despite the evidence presented here on in vivo and in vitro effects, more studies are needed to determine their effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Vásquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México CDMX, Mexico.
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Guan R, Van Le Q, Yang H, Zhang D, Gu H, Yang Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Zhong J, Jianguang Z, Liu R, Peng W. A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129499. [PMID: 33445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals refer to active substances in plant-based diets. Phytochemicals found in for example fruits, vegetables, grains and seed oils are considered relatively safe for consumption due to mammal-plant co-evolution and adaptation. A number of human diseases are related to oxidative stress caused by for example chemical environmental contaminants in air, water and food; while also lifestyle including smoking and lack of exercise and dietary preferences are important factors for disease development in humans. Here we explore the dietary sources of antioxidant phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on oxidative stress, cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well as cancer. Plant-based diets usually contain phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant properties, and therefore remove the excess of active oxygen in the body, and protect cells from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, obesity is related to diet and inactivity and plant-based diets change lipid composition and metabolism, which reduce obesity related hazards. Cruciferous and Allium vegetables are rich in organic sulphides that can act on the metabolism of carcinogens and therefore used as anti-cancer and suppressing agents while dietary fibres and plant sterols may improve intestinal health and prevent intestinal diseases. Thus, we recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains as its content of phytochemicals may have the potential to prevent or improve a broad sweep of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhu Jianguang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Kurpik M, Zalewski P, Kujawska M, Ewertowska M, Ignatowicz E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Jodynis-Liebert J. Can Cranberry Juice Protect against Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in Rats? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041050. [PMID: 33805023 PMCID: PMC8063919 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high polyphenols content of cranberry accounts for its strong antioxidant activity underlying the beneficial health effects of this fruit. Rotenone (ROT) is a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I in the brain which leads to the generation of oxidative stress. To date, there are few data indicating that toxicity of ROT is not limited to the brain but can also affect other tissues. We aimed to examine whether ROT-induced oxidative stress could be counteracted by cranberry juice not only in the brain but also in the liver and kidney. Wistar rats were given the combined treatment with ROT and cranberry juice (CJ) for 35 days. Parameters of antioxidant status were determined in the organs. ROT enhanced lipid peroxidation solely in the brain. The increase in the DNA damage was noticed in all organs examined and in leukocytes. The beneficial effect of CJ on these parameters appeared only in the brain. Additionally, CJ decreased the activity of serum hepatic enzymes. The effect of CJ on antioxidant enzymes was not consistent, however, in some organs, CJ reversed changes evoked by ROT. Summing up, ROT can cause oxidative damage not only in the brain but also in other organs. CJ demonstrated a protective effect against ROT-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kurpik
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.J.-L.)
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.J.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-847-20-81 (ext. 156)
| | - Małgorzata Ewertowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.J.-L.)
| | - Ewa Ignatowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.J.-L.)
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Immunomodulatory Role of Urolithin A on Metabolic Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020192. [PMID: 33671880 PMCID: PMC7918969 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UroA) is a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates, berries, and walnuts. UroA is of growing interest due to its therapeutic potential for various metabolic diseases based on immunomodulatory properties. Recent advances in UroA research suggest that UroA administration attenuates inflammation in various tissues, including the brain, adipose, heart, and liver tissues, leading to the potential delay or prevention of the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we focus on recent updates of the anti-inflammatory function of UroA and summarize the potential mechanisms by which UroA may help attenuate the onset of diseases in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, this review aims to shed new insights into UroA as a potent anti-inflammatory molecule to prevent immunometabolic diseases, either by dietary intervention with ellagic acid-rich food or by UroA administration as a new pharmaceutical drug.
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69
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Ross MM, Cherkerzian S, Mikulis ND, Turner D, Robinson J, Inder TE, Matthews LG. A randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of maternal dietary supplementation with pomegranate juice on brain injury in infants with IUGR. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3569. [PMID: 33574371 PMCID: PMC7878922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice. We recently reported altered white matter microstructure and functional connectivity in the infant brain following in utero pomegranate juice exposure in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This double-blind exploratory randomized controlled trial further investigates the impact of maternal pomegranate juice intake on brain structure and injury in a second cohort of IUGR pregnancies diagnosed at 24–34 weeks’ gestation. Ninety-nine mothers and their eligible fetuses (n = 103) were recruited from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and randomly assigned to 8 oz pomegranate (n = 56) or placebo (n = 47) juice to be consumed daily from enrollment to delivery. A subset of participants underwent fetal echocardiogram after 2 weeks on juice with no evidence of ductal constriction. 57 infants (n = 26 pomegranate, n = 31 placebo) underwent term-equivalent MRI for assessment of brain injury, volumes and white matter diffusion. No significant group differences were found in brain volumes or white matter microstructure; however, infants whose mothers consumed pomegranate juice demonstrated lower risk for brain injury, including any white or cortical grey matter injury compared to placebo. These preliminary findings suggest pomegranate juice may be a safe in utero neuroprotectant in pregnancies with known IUGR warranting continued investigation. Clinical trial registration: NCT04394910, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04394910, Registered May 20, 2020, initial participant enrollment January 16, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Ross
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicole D Mikulis
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daria Turner
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julian Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lillian G Matthews
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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70
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Kowalczewski PŁ, Olejnik A, Rybicka I, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Białas W, Lewandowicz G. Membrane Filtration-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis Affects the Biological Activity of Potato Juice. Molecules 2021; 26:852. [PMID: 33561978 PMCID: PMC7914785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of recently published studies indicate that potato juice is characterized by interesting biological activity that can be particularly useful in the case of gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, the studies also described the high nutritional value of its proteins. This article is a report on the impact of the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins combined with membrane filtration. The obtained potato juice protein hydrolysate (PJPH) and its concentrate (cPJPH) were characterized in terms of their nutritional value and biological activity. The amino acid profile and scoring, the content of mineral compounds, and the antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic activity were assessed. The study proved that the antioxidant activity of PJPH is higher than that of fresh potato juice, and the cytotoxicity against human gastric carcinoma cell line (Hs 746T), human colon cancer cell line (Caco-2), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), and human normal colon mucosa cell line (CCD 841 CoN) showed biological activity specifically targeted against cancer cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that the membrane filtration-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of potato juice proteins may increase their biological activity and allow for potato juice to be used in the production of medicinal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (A.O.); (W.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Iga Rybicka
- Department of Technology and Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, 48 Mazowiecka St., Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-623 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (A.O.); (W.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Grażyna Lewandowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (A.O.); (W.B.); (G.L.)
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Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo P. Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 38650225 PMCID: PMC10973758 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Melgarejo-Sánchez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Martínez-Nicolás
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice rescues developmental, neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in aluminum chloride-treated male mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126655. [PMID: 33045674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum (Al) is a harmful metal to organisms and is capable of entering the human body in multiple ways, such as through drinking, breathing, deodorant use, and vaccination. This study examined the prospective toxicity of Al and the protective attributes of pomegranate juice (PJ) on neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters of male mice. METHODS Six groups of male mice were treated for 35 days with 20 % PJ (group II), 40 % PJ (group III), 400 mg/kg Al (group IV), Al + 20 % PJ (group V), Al + 40 % PJ (group VI) or tap water (control, group I). Behavioral assessments were conducted for learning and memory evaluations at the end of experiment. In addition, the forebrain was isolated for biochemical analysis. RESULTS The exposure of male mice to Al decreased learning and memory retention in the shuttle box, Morris water-maze and T-Maze tests. Biochemical analysis revealed significant depletions in neurotransmitters including DA, 5-HT and AChE and oxidative proteins including GSH, GST, CAT and SOD and increased TBARES levels in Al-treated mice compared to untreated mice. Pomegranate juice provided protection against these effects after Al exposure by ameliorating learning and memory retention and oxidative state in a dose-independent manner. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that Al exposure caused behavioral and biochemical disorders. Pomegranate juice in lower dose has beneficial properties for health and can be used as a source of antioxidants to reduce the toxicity of Al and other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Ghaleb Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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73
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Toney AM, Albusharif M, Works D, Polenz L, Schlange S, Chaidez V, Ramer-Tait AE, Chung S. Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010068. [PMID: 33374120 PMCID: PMC7795536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whole red raspberry polyphenols (RRW), including ellagic acid, and their gut-derived metabolite, urolithin A (UroA), attenuate inflammation and confer health benefits. Although results from recent studies indicate that polyphenols and UroA also provide neuroprotective effects, these compounds differ in their bioavailability and may, therefore, have unique effects on limiting neuroinflammation. Accordingly, we aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of RRW and UroA on BV-2 microglia under both 3 h and 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions. In inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP stimulation after 3 h, RRW and UroA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and regulated the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. UroA also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and promoted M2 microglial polarization. During inflammatory conditions induced by either 12 or 24 h stimulation with LPS, UroA-but not RRW-dampened pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and suppressed JNK/c-Jun signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RRW and its gut-derived metabolite UroA differentially regulate neuroprotective responses in microglia during 3 h versus 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mulcahy Toney
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Mahaa Albusharif
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.A.); (A.E.R.-T.)
| | - Duncan Works
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.A.); (A.E.R.-T.)
| | - Luke Polenz
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Stacie Schlange
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Virginia Chaidez
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (M.A.); (A.E.R.-T.)
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.M.T.); (D.W.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence:
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74
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Johnson SL, Park HY, Vattem DA, Grammas P, Ma H, Seeram NP. Equol, a Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Gut Microbial Metabolite of Dietary Isoflavone Daidzein, Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects against Neurotoxins Induced Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:512-517. [PMID: 32761299 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data support that plant food based isoflavones have ameliorating effects on a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Our previous investigation revealed that dietary isoflavones including genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI), and equol (EQL; a gut microbial metabolite of DAI) showed promising blood-brain barrier permeability and anti-neuroinflammatory activity in murine microglial BV2 cells. However, the neuroprotective effects of EQL against neurotoxins induced toxicity in PD related models remains unclear. Herein, EQL, along with GEN and DAI, were evaluated for their cytoprotective effect in a non-contact co-culture model with LPS-BV2-conditioned media and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, their neuroprotective effects against PD related neurotoxins including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced cytotoxicity were evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, EQL was evaluated for its neuroprotective effects against MPP+ induced neurotoxicity using in vivo PD model including Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan assay. DAI (10 μM) and EQL (10 and 20 μM) showed cytoprotective effects by decreasing LPS-BV2-conditioned media induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by 29.2, 32.4 and 27.2%, respectively. EQL (10 and 20 μM) also showed neuroprotective effects by decreasing 6-OHDA and MPP+ induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by 30.6-34.5 and 17.9-18.9%, respectively. Additionally, data from the in vivo assay supported EQL's neuroprotective effect as it increases survival of C. elegans exposed to MPP+ from 72 to 108 h. Our findings support a growing body of evidence of the neuroprotective effects of dietary isoflavones and further studies are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Johnson
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Hyun Y Park
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Dhiraj A Vattem
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Paula Grammas
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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75
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Pharmacological properties of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) and bioavailability of ellagitannins. A review. HERBA POLONICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of urogenital diseases, stomach and liver disorders, skin problems, etc. E. angustifolium extracts show anti-androgenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The unique combination of biological properties demonstrated by the results of some studies indicates that fireweed has a positive effect in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and potentially in the prostate cancer chemoprevention. However, the efficacy of E. angustifolium phytotherapy is still poorly tested in clinical trials, while numerous beneficial effects of extracts have been documented in the in vitro and in vivo tests. Fireweed is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly ellagitannins. Currently, polyphenols are considered to be modulators of beneficial gut microbiota. The literature data support the use of ellagitannins in the prostate cancer chemoprevention, but caution is advised due to the highly variable production of urolithins by the individual microbiota. A better understanding of the microbiota’s role and the mechanisms of its action are crucial for an optimal therapeutic effect. This paper aims to summarize and discuss experimental data concerning pharmacological properties of E. angustifolium and bioavailability of ellagitannins – important bioactive compounds of this plant.
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76
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Pomegranate: Nutraceutical with Promising Benefits on Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an old plant made up by flowers, roots, fruits and leaves, native to Central Asia and principally cultivated in the Mediterranean and California (although now widespread almost all over the globe). The current use of this precious plant regards not only the exteriority of the fruit (employed also for ornamental purpose) but especially the nutritional and, still potential, health benefits that come out from the various parts composing this one (carpellary membranes, arils, seeds and bark). Indeed, the phytochemical composition of the fruit abounds in compounds (flavonoids, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, mineral salts, vitamins, lipids, organic acids) presenting a significant biological and nutraceutical value. For these reasons, pomegranate interest is increased over the years as the object of study for many research groups, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. Specifically, in-depth studies of its biological and functional properties and the research of new formulations could be applied to a wide spectrum of diseases including neoplastic, cardiovascular, viral, inflammatory, metabolic, microbial, intestinal, reproductive and skin diseases. In this review, considering the increasing scientific and commercial interest of nutraceuticals, we reported an update of the investigations concerning the health-promoting properties of pomegranate and its bioactive compounds against principal human pathologies.
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77
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Tan S, Tong WH, Vyas A. Urolithin-A attenuates neurotoxoplasmosis and alters innate response towards predator odor. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 8:100128. [PMID: 34589880 PMCID: PMC8474456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxoplasmosis, also known as cerebral toxoplasmosis, is an opportunistic chronic infection caused by the persistence of parasite Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain. In wild animals, chronic infection is associated with behavioral manipulation evident by an altered risk perception towards predators. In humans, reactivation of cysts and conversion of quiescent parasites into highly invasive tachyzoites is a significant cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, the current standard therapy for toxoplasmosis is not well tolerated and is ineffective against the parasite cysts. In recent years, the concept of dietary supplementation with natural products derived from plants has gained popularity as a natural remedy for brain disorders. Notably, urolithin-A, a metabolite produced in the gut following consumption of ellagitannins-enriched food such as pomegranate, is reported to be blood-brain barrier permeable and exhibits neuroprotective effects in-vivo. In this study, we investigated the potential of pomegranate extract and urolithin-A as anti-neurotoxoplasmosis agents in-vitro and in-vivo. Treatment with pomegranate extract and urolithin-A reduced the parasite tachyzoite load and interfered with cyst development in differentiated human neural culture. Administration of urolithin-A also resulted in the formation of smaller brain cysts in chronically infected mice. Interestingly, this phenomenon was mirrored by an enhanced risk perception of the UA-treated infected mice towards predatory cues. Together, our findings demonstrate the potential of dietary supplementation with urolithin-A-enriched food as a novel natural remedy for the treatment of acute and chronic neurotoxoplasmosis. Pomegranate extract reduces T. gondii tachyzoite load and cyst formation in-vitro. Urolithin-A, in part, underlies the anti-T. gondii effect of pomegranate extract. Urolithin-A perturbs cyst development in the brain of chronically infected mice. The reduction in brain cyst burden associates with enhanced fear of infected mice towards cat odor. Dietary supplementation with urolithin-A is a potential therapy for neurotoxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Wen Han Tong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ajai Vyas
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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A New Extract from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) By-Products as a Potential Oenological Tannin: Preliminary Characterization and Comparison with Existing Commercial Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194460. [PMID: 32998387 PMCID: PMC7583752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oenotannins are nowadays widely used as co-adjuvant in the winemaking process. The increasing cultivation and consumption of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leads to high amounts of by-products, mainly peels. Aim of this study was to propose a dried tannin-rich extract from pomegranate by-products as a new oenotannin. A decoction was prepared from mesocarp of the Wonderful pomegranate variety only using hot water as extracting solvent. The dried decoction was physical-chemically characterized and compared to 7 existing commercial oenotannins from different botanical origin (grape seed, oak, gallnut), according to UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Colorimetric analysis (CIELab), gelatin index, reactivity to proteins, HPLC-DAD, DPPH, and Total Polyphenols content by both Folin-Ciocalteu and the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) methods. Data showed the lowest antiradical (AR) and total polyphenolic content (TPC) for the pomegranate tannin but also the highest AR/TPC ratio suggesting a good radical scavenging potential of this new tannin. Pomegranate tannin showed high reactivity with proteins, a unique chromatographic profile, and a low color impact. The new pomegranate tannin showed an interesting potential for oenological applications in particular for reducing the use of sulfites during vinification and for the white wine stabilization.
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79
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Huang X, Li W, You B, Tang W, Gan T, Feng C, Li C, Yang R. Serum Metabonomic Study on the Antidepressant-like Effects of Ellagic Acid in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9546-9556. [PMID: 32786855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a polyphenol, ellagic acid (EA) has shown potential antidepressant activity. In this study, the effects and serum metabolomic analysis of EA against depression were investigated using a chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced (CUMS) model. EA (20 or 100 mg/kg body weight) significantly ameliorated the CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, including reduced body weight, decreased sucrose preference, and increased immobility time in both the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test. Furthermore, EA attenuated the CUMS-induced hippocampal damage and significantly increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the serotonin (5-HT) levels as well as suppressed the inflammatory response. The metabolomics analysis showed that the disturbance of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol), amino acid (l-arginine and N-stearoyl serine), and purine (uric acid) metabolism induced by CUMS was attenuated by the EA treatment. Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that the metabolite changes were strongly correlated with behavioral disorders, BDNF, 5-HT, and inflammatory cytokines levels. This study provided new insights for the antidepressant effects of EA and suggests that EA may be a potential nutraceutical for improving the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bangyan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wanpei Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tingsheng Gan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congfa Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Urolithin A suppresses high glucose-induced neuronal amyloidogenesis by modulating TGM2-dependent ER-mitochondria contacts and calcium homeostasis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:184-202. [PMID: 32704090 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is a causative factor for amyloidogenesis and induces neuropathological changes, such as impaired neuronal integrity, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Regulation of mitochondrial calcium influx from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is considered a promising strategy for the prevention of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation that occurs in the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated pathogenesis in DM patients. Among the metabolites of ellagitannins that are produced in the gut microbiome, urolithin A has received an increasing amount of attention as a novel candidate with anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects in AD. Here, we investigated the effect of urolithin A on high glucose-induced amyloidogenesis caused by mitochondrial calcium dysregulation and mtROS accumulation resulting in neuronal degeneration. We also identified the mechanism related to mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) formation. We found that urolithin A-lowered mitochondrial calcium influx significantly alleviated high glucose-induced mtROS accumulation and expression of amyloid beta (Aβ)-producing enzymes, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-secretase-1 (BACE1), as well as Aβ production. Urolithin A injections in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model alleviated APP and BACE1 expressions, Tau phosphorylation, Aβ deposition, and cognitive impairment. In addition, high glucose stimulated MAM formation and transglutaminase type 2 (TGM2) expression. We first discovered that urolithin A significantly reduced high glucose-induced TGM2 expression. In addition, disruption of the AIP-AhR complex was involved in urolithin A-mediated suppression of high glucose-induced TGM2 expression. Markedly, TGM2 silencing inhibited inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1)-voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) interactions and prevented high glucose-induced mitochondrial calcium influx and mtROS accumulation. We also found that urolithin A or TGM2 silencing prevented Aβ-induced mitochondrial calcium influx, mtROS accumulation, Tau phosphorylation, and cell death in neuronal cells. In conclusion, we suggest that urolithin A is a promising candidate for the development of therapies to prevent DM-associated AD pathogenesis by reducing TGM2-dependent MAM formation and maintaining mitochondrial calcium and ROS homeostasis.
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81
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Conidi C, Drioli E, Cassano A. Perspective of Membrane Technology in Pomegranate Juice Processing: A Review. Foods 2020; 9:E889. [PMID: 32645857 PMCID: PMC7404809 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice is well recognized for its high content of phytochemicals with proven health-promoting effects. Conventional processing techniques including clarification with fining agents, pasteurization and thermal concentration have significant influences on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the juice. The growing consumers demand for high-quality pomegranate juice as well as the industrial interest for the production of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics from its bioactive compounds have promoted the interest for minimal processing technologies. In this context, membrane-based operations represent an innovative approach to improve the overall quality of pomegranate juice production. This review focuses on the recent advances and developments related to the application of membrane technology in pomegranate juice processing. Conventional pressure-driven membrane operations and innovative membrane operations, such as osmotic distillation and pervaporation, are discussed in relation to their potential in juice clarification, fractionation, concentration and aroma recovery. Their implementation in integrated systems offer new opportunities to improve the healthiness and quality of the juice as well as to recover, purify and concentrate bioactive compounds for the formulation of functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Conidi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (C.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (C.C.); (E.D.)
- Department of Engineering and of the Environment, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 45/A, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU-CEDT), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (C.C.); (E.D.)
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82
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Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J. Potential of the ellagic acid-derived gut microbiota metabolite - Urolithin A in gastrointestinal protection. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3170-3181. [PMID: 32684733 PMCID: PMC7336321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i23.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolic compound generated during the biotransformation of ellagitannins by the intestinal bacteria. The physiologically relevant micromolar concentrations of UA, achieved in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract (GI) after consumption of its dietary precursors, have been revealed to offer GI protection. The health benefit has been demonstrated to be principally related to anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. UA has been shown to possess the capability to regulate multiple tumor and inflammatory signaling pathways and to modulate enzyme activity, including those involved in carcinogen biotransformation and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this review is to gather evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies showing the potential of UA in GI protection alongside suggested mechanisms by which UA can protect against cancer and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. The data presented herein, covering both studies on the pure compound and in vivo generated UA form its natural precursor, support the potential of this metabolite in treatment interventions against GI ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60631, Poland
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83
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Microbial Metabolite Urolithin B Inhibits Recombinant Human Monoamine Oxidase A Enzyme. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060258. [PMID: 32575435 PMCID: PMC7345905 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbial metabolites derived from ellagitannins (ET) and ellagic acid (EA), and shown to exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-glycative and anti-oxidant activities. Similarly, the parent molecules, ET and EA are reported for their neuroprotection and antidepressant activities. Due to the poor bioavailability of ET and EA, the in vivo functional activities cannot be attributed exclusively to these compounds. Elevated monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities are responsible for the inactivation of monoamine neurotransmitters in neurological disorders, such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of urolithins (A, B and C) and EA on MAO activity using recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes. Urolithin B was found to be a better MAO-A enzyme inhibitor among the tested urolithins and EA with an IC50 value of 0.88 µM, and displaying a mixed mode of inhibition. However, all tested compounds exhibited higher IC50 (>100 µM) for MAO-B enzyme.
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84
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El-Sayyad HIH, El-Gallil HA, El-Ghaweet HA. Synergistic effects of pomegranate juice and atorvastatin for improving cerebellar structure and function of breast-feeding rats maternally fed on a high cholesterol diet. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101798. [PMID: 32339653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly cholesterol-diet is associated with atherosclerosis and little about the development of cerebellar cortex disorder. The study illustrated the changes of cerebellar cortex of rat neonate maternally fed on high cholesterol diet and the capacity of pomegranate alone or in combination with atorvastatin to improve it. Eighty-eight pregnant Wister rats were divided into eight groups (n = 11); control, pomegranate supplemented group (daily orally 0.4 mL (20 %), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg BT), hypercholesterolemia (dietary consumption 3% cholesterol for 6 weeks prior to conception and throughout gestation and lactation period), hypercholesterolemia and pomegranate or atorvastatin, hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin and pomegranate. Dams and their offspring were sacrificed at 21 days post-partum. Sera of mother and cerebellum of offspring were investigated biochemically as well as histo-cytological changes of cerebellar cortex of offspring. Offspring maternally fed on high cholesterol diet showed damage of the cerebellar Purkinje and granular cells associated with demyelination, increased caspase 3 immunohistochemistry and increased DNA damage. These were associated with decreased brain neurotransmitters and increase apoptic markers. Dams supplemented pomegranate and/or atorvastatin improved the assayed parameters more than that of atorvastatin alone. The authors concluded that pomegranate juice contains potent antioxidant nutrients capable of reducing the cytotoxicity of hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin, and enhancing the structure and function of the cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I H El-Sayyad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Heba A El-Ghaweet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
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Yasuhara T. Neurobiology Research in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E793. [PMID: 31991804 PMCID: PMC7036854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, therapeutic strategies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Kandylis P, Kokkinomagoulos E. Food Applications and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate and its Derivatives. Foods 2020; 9:E122. [PMID: 31979390 PMCID: PMC7074153 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an ancient fruit that is particularly cultivated in west Asia, though it is also cultivated in the Mediterranean region and other parts of the world. Since ancient years, its consumption has been associated with numerous health benefits. In recent years, several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed its beneficial physiological activities, especially its antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, human-based studies have shown promising results and have indicated pomegranate potential as a protective agent of several diseases. Following that trend and the food industry's demand for antioxidants and antimicrobials from natural sources, the application of pomegranate and its extracts (mainly as antioxidants and antimicrobials), has been studied extensively in different types of food products with satisfactory results. This review aims to present all the recent studies and trends in the applications of pomegranate in the food industry and how these trends have affected product's physicochemical characteristics and shelf-life. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies are presented in order to reveal pomegranate's potential in the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kandylis
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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