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Hardinsyah H, Gunawan WB, Nurkolis F, Alisaputra D, Kurniawan R, Mayulu N, Taslim NA, Tallei TE. Antiobesity potential of major metabolites from Clitoria ternatea kombucha: Untargeted metabolomic profiling and molecular docking simulations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100464. [PMID: 36875892 PMCID: PMC9976213 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing and poses serious health risks accompanied by a decrease in life expectancy and quality of life. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of natural-derived nutraceuticals against obesity and its comorbidities needs to be explored. Molecular inhibition of lipase enzymes and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein has attracted some recent interest in efforts to find antiobesity agents. This study aims to innovate a fermented drink from Clitoria ternatea kombucha (CTK), find out their metabolites profile, and determine the antiobesity potential through a molecular docking study. The CTK formulation refers to previous research while the metabolites profile was determined using HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Major compounds were selected based on best match value > 99.0% of the M/Z cloud database. A total of 79 compounds were identified in CTK, and 13 ideal compounds were selected to be simulated in the molecular docking study against human pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, and FTO proteins. The study found that Kaempferol, Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, Quercetin, Dibenzylamine, and α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone showed the best potential as functional antiobesity compounds since their affinity value ranked high in each respective receptor. In conclusion, the major compounds of CTK metabolites have the potential to be promising functional foods against obesity. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies should validate these health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardinsyah Hardinsyah
- Applied Nutrition Division, Community Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Alumnus of Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Darmawan Alisaputra
- Department of Chemistry, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Kurniawan
- Alumnus of Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia
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52
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Chen D. Commentary: Gut microbiota and its derived SCFAs regulate the HPGA to reverse obesity-induced precocious puberty in female rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121124. [PMID: 36761186 PMCID: PMC9905803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Zhong Y, Wang T, Luo R, Liu J, Jin R, Peng X. Recent advances and potentiality of postbiotics in the food industry: Composition, inactivation methods, current applications in metabolic syndrome, and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5768-5792. [PMID: 36537328 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics are defined as "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Postbiotics have unique advantages over probiotics, such as stability, safety, and wide application. Although postbiotics are research hotspots, the research on them is still very limited. This review provides comprehensive information on the scope of postbiotics, the preparation methods of inanimate microorganisms, and the application and mechanisms of postbiotics in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, the application trends of postbiotics in the food industry are reviewed. It was found that postbiotics mainly include inactivated microorganisms, microbial lysates, cell components, and metabolites. Thermal treatments are the main methods to prepare inanimate microorganisms as postbiotics, while non-thermal treatments, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, and supercritical CO2, show great potential in postbiotic preparation. Postbiotics could ameliorate MetS through multiple pathways including the modulation of gut microbiota, the enhancement of intestinal barrier, the regulation of inflammation and immunity, and the modulation of hormone homeostasis. Additionally, postbiotics have great potential in the food industry as functional food supplements, food quality improvers, and food preservatives. In addition, the SWOT analyses showed that the development of postbiotics in the food industry exists both opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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54
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Panattoni A, Calvigioni M, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Di Salvo C, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Fornai M, Antonioli L, Ghelardi E. The administration of Enterococcus faecium SF68 counteracts compositional shifts in the gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1054097. [PMID: 36590404 PMCID: PMC9800805 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms with probiotic properties are eliciting an increasing interest as coadjuvants in the prevention and treatment of obesity through modulation of the gut microbiota. In this study, a probiotic formulation based on Enterococcus faecium SF68 was administered to mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate its efficacy in reducing body mass gain and in modulating the intestinal bacterial composition. Both stool and ileum samples were collected from untreated and treated mice and absolute abundances of specific taxa constituting the gut microbial consortium were evaluated. SF68 administration significantly reduced the HFD-induced weight gain. In these animals, the microbial gut composition shifted toward an enrichment in microbes positively correlated with mucus thickness, lower inflammation, lower glycemia levels, and SCFA production (i.e., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Faecalibacterium), as well as a depletion in bacterial phyla having a key role in obesity (i.e., Firmicutes, Proteobacteria). Our results demonstrate the efficacy of E. faecium SF68 in adjusting the composition of the dysbiotic microbiota of HFD-fed animals, thus ameliorating clinical conditions and exerting anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Matteo Fornai,
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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55
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Liu J, Yu W, Wang C, Li S, Zhang W. Garlic (Allium sativum) polysaccharides ameliorates hepatic injury and fat accumulation in mice with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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56
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Inulin prebiotic dietary supplementation improves metabolic parameters by reducing the Toll-like receptor 4 transmembrane protein gene and interleukin 6 expression in adipose tissue. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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57
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Fiore G, Magenes VC, DI Profio E, Milanta C, Calcaterra V, Diamanti A, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Gut microbiota in obesity and related comorbidities in children and adolescents: the role of biotics in treatment. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:632-649. [PMID: 35708037 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex pathology, globally spread, with a multifactorial pathogenesis, strictly linked with lifestyle, hormones, genetic and epigenetic factors. Evidence supports that obesity, and its comorbidities, are related to changes in gut microbiota, partially responsible of the modulation of energy metabolism. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pediatric obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and differences in composition of the gut microbiota, also varying according to the metabolic status of obese subjects. Indeed, differences in distributions and activity of microorganisms in the gut of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese children have been highlighted. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Based on human studies, this review aims to discuss gut microbiota alterations in obese children and adolescents and its role in obese-related complications. Moreover, the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and -marginally- postbiotics) has been analyzed as modulator of obesity-related dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about biotic mechanisms of action would be of great interest to implement the clinical care of children and adolescents with obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria C Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta DI Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Unit of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Research EURISTIKOS, Department of Pediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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58
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Niu X, Zhang N, Li S, Li N, Wang R, Zhang Q, He J, Sun E, Kang X, Zhan J. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup protects mice against gut microbiota-related obesity and endotoxemia induced by a high fat diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992947. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health concern due to its global prevalence and high risk of complications such as endotoxemia. Given the important role of gut microbiota in obesity, probiotics targeting gut microbiota have been developed and applied to alleviate obesity. However, most studies focused on the effects of probiotics on pre-existing obesity, and the preventive effects of probiotics against obesity were rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) and fermented milk containing MN-Gup against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and endotoxemia in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that MN-Gup, especially the high dose of MN-Gup (1 × 1010CFU/kg b.w.), could significantly protect mice against HFD-induced body weight gain, increased fat percentage, dyslipidemia, and increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Fermented milk containing MN-Gup had better preventive effects on fat percentage and dyslipidemia than fermented milk without MN-Gup, but its overall performance was less effective than MN-Gup. Furthermore, MN-Gup and fermented milk containing MN-Gup could alter HFD-affected gut microbiota and regulate obesity- or endotoxemia-correlated bacteria, which may contribute to the prevention of obesity and endotoxemia. This study revealed that MN-Gup could reduce obesity and endotoxemia under HFD, thereby providing a potential application of MN-Gup in preventing obesity.
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59
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Longoria CR, Guers JJ, Campbell SC. The Interplay between Cardiovascular Disease, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiome. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:365. [PMID: 39076202 PMCID: PMC11269073 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with physical inactivity being a known contributor to the global rates of CVD incidence. The gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases including CVD and other comorbidities such at type 2 diabetes and obesity. Researchers have begun to examine the gut microbiome as a predictor of early disease states by detecting disruptions, or dysbiosis, in the microbiota. Evidence is lacking to investigate the potential link between the gut microbiota, exercise, and CVD risk and development. Research supports that diets with whole food have reduced instances of CVD and associated diseases, increased abundances of beneficial gut bacteria, and altered gut-derived metabolite production. Further, exercise and lifestyle changes to increase physical activity demonstrate improved health outcomes related to CVD risk and comorbidities and gut microbial diversity. It is difficult to study an outcome such as CVD when including multiple factors; however, it is evident that exercise, lifestyle, and the gut microbiota contribute to improved health in their own ways. This review will highlight current research findings and what potential treatments of CVD may be generated by manipulation of the gut microbiota and/or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R. Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John J. Guers
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08646, USA
| | - Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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60
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High-Molecular-Weight Dextran-Type Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Novel Apilactobacillus waqarii Improves Metabolic Syndrome: In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012692. [PMID: 36293544 PMCID: PMC9603972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a leading medical concern that affects one billion people worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of risk factors that predispose an individual to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. In recent years, the apparent role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome has drawn attention to microbiome-engineered therapeutics. Specifically, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) harbors beneficial metabolic characteristics, including the production of exopolysaccharides and other microbial byproducts. We recently isolated a novel fructophilic lactic acid bacterium (FLAB), Apilactobacillus waqarii strain HBW1, from honeybee gut and found it produces a dextran-type exopolysaccharide (EPS). The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of the new dextran in relation to metabolic syndrome. Findings revealed the dextran's ability to improve the viability of damaged HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells and exhibit antioxidant properties. In vivo analyses demonstrated reductions in body weight gain and serum cholesterol levels in mice supplemented with the dextran, compared to control (5% and 17.2%, respectively). Additionally, blood glucose levels decreased by 16.26% following dextran supplementation, while increasing by 15.2% in non-treated mice. Overall, this study displays biotherapeutic potential of a novel EPS to improve metabolic syndrome and its individual components, warranting further investigation.
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61
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Amalia R, Pramono A, Afifah DN, Noer ER, Muniroh M, Kumoro AC. Mangrove fruit ( Bruguiera gymnorhiza) increases circulating GLP-1 and PYY, modulates lipid profiles, and reduces systemic inflammation by improving SCFA levels in obese wistar rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10887. [PMID: 36254287 PMCID: PMC9568852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (BG) has potential as a functional food because of its dietary fibre content and bioactive components such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. However, it is not studied in the context of diet-related disease prevention. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Bruguiera gymnorhiza fruit flour (BGF) on satiety hormone, lipid profile, systemic inflammation, body weight, and caecum SCFA levels in diet-induced obese rats. A total of 28 obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (K1) was given a standard chow, group 2 (K2) standard chow + orlistat, group 3 (P1) standard chow + BGF 2 g/200 g BW/day, and group 4 (P2) standard chow + BGF 4 g/200 g BW/day for 28 days. The levels of GLP-1, PYY, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL, IL-6, TNF-α, and body weight were measured before and after the intervention; meanwhile, the caecum SCFA levels were assessed only after the intervention. In this study, BGF intervention increased the dose-dependent plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels (P < 0.000). In addition, BGF intervention also decreased lipid profiles (TC & TG) (P < 0.000, respectively) and systemic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, acetate, propionate, and total SCFA concentrations were higher in the BGF intervention group (P2) compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The SCFA levels were associated with satiety hormones, lipids, and systemic inflammation (P < 0.05). The BGF intervention improved satiety hormone, lipid profile, systemic inflammation, and SCFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinta Amalia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adriyan Pramono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia,Center of Nutrition Research, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia,Corresponding author.
| | - Diana Nur Afifah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia,Center of Nutrition Research, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Etika Ratna Noer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia,Center of Nutrition Research, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Andri Cahyo Kumoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang, Indonesia
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62
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Cechin L, Norcross C, Oliveira A, Hopkins D, McGowan B, Post FA. Obesity and diabetes in people of African ancestry with HIV. HIV Med 2022; 24:380-388. [PMID: 36196017 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with multiple adverse effects on health. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and people of African ancestry are disproportionally affected. Several widely used antiretrovirals have been associated with weight gain and contribute to the rising burden of obesity in people with HIV. Obesity and weight gain on antiretroviral therapy are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition which also disproportionally affects black populations. In this review, we discuss recent data on weight gain in relation to initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and advances in the management of obesity. Availability of highly effective treatments for obesity have the potential to address, and potentially reverse, the epidemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cechin
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Norcross
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | | | - David Hopkins
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Barbara McGowan
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frank A Post
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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63
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Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196388. [PMID: 36234922 PMCID: PMC9573205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions have captured the attention of nutritionists due to their health-promoting aspects, in addition to medications. In this connection, supplementation of nutraceuticals is considered as a rational approach to alleviating various metabolic disorders. Among novel strategies, prebiotic-supplemented foods are an encouraging trend in addressing the issue. In the present investigation, prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were extracted from garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent sonication variables, i.e., extraction temperature (ET, 80, 90, and 100 °C), amplitude level (AL, 70, 80, and 90%) and sonication time (ST, 10, 15 and 20 min). The maximum FOS yield (6.23 ± 0.52%) was obtained at sonication conditions of ET (80 °C), AL (80%) and ST (10 min), while the minimum yield of FOS was obtained at high operating temperatures and time. The optimized FOS yield (7.19%) was obtained at ET (80 °C), AL (73%) and ST (15 min) after model validation. The influence of sonication parameters, i.e., ET, AL and ST, on FOS yield was evaluated by varying their coded levels from −1 to +1, respectively, for each independent variable. High-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) detection and quantification indicated that sucrose was present in high amounts (2.06 ± 0.10 g/100 g) followed by fructose and glucose. Total FOS fractions which included nystose present in maximum concentration (526 ± 14.7 mg/100 g), followed by 1-kestose (428 ± 19.5 mg/100 g) and fructosylnystoses (195 ± 6.89 mg/100 g). Conclusively, garlic is a good source of potential prebiotics FOS and they can be extracted using optimized sonication parameters using ultrasound-assisted techniques with maximum yield percentage.
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64
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Evdokimova S, Karetkin B, Zhurikov M, Guseva E, Khabibulina N, Shakir I, Panfilov V. Antagonistic activity of synbiotics: Response surface modeling of various factors. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotic compositions have a great potential for curing microbial intestinal infections. Novel targeted synbiotics are a promising field of the modern functional food industry. The present research assessed the effect of various fructan fractions, initial probiotic counts, and test strains on the antagonistic properties of synbiotics.
The research involved powdered roots of Arctium lappa L. and strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enterica. The experiment was based on the central composite rotatable design. A water extract of A. lappa roots was purified and concentrated. Fructan fractions were precipitated at various concentrations of ethanol, dried, and sub jected to carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrometry. The bifidobacteria and the test strains were co-cultivated in the same medium that contained one of the fractions. Co-cultivation lasted during 10 h under the same conditions. The acid concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the synbiotic factor.
The obtained fructans were closer to commercial oligofructose in terms of the number and location of NMR peaks. However, they were between oligofructose and inulin in terms of signal intensity. The response surface analysis for bacilli showed that the minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the initial probiotic count of 7.69 log(CFU/mL) and the fructan fraction precipitated by 20% ethanol. The metabolites produced by the bacilli also affected their growth. The synbiotic factor response surface for the experiments with Salmonella transformed from parabolic to saddle shape as the initial test strain count increased. The minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the lowest precipitant concentration and the highest probiotic count.
The research established a quantitative relationship between the fractional composition of fructans and the antagonistic activity of the synbiotic composition with bifidobacteria. It also revealed how the ratio of probiotic and pathogen counts affects the antagonism. The proposed approach can be extrapolated on other prebiotics and microbial strains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Karetkin
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | | | - Elena Guseva
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | | | - Irina Shakir
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | - Victor Panfilov
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
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Akter S, Akhter H, Chaudhury HS, Rahman MH, Gorski A, Hasan MN, Shin Y, Rahman MA, Nguyen MN, Choi TG, Kim SS. Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2022; 48:1036-1059. [PMID: 36102254 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake of carbohydrates (CHO), particularly a sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure levels is the predominant determining factor of MetS. Complex CHO, on the other hand, are a stable source of energy taking a longer time to digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber is an excellent source of prebiotics, which alter the gut microbial composition, which in turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result in the child developing MetS. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity in combination with dietary habits may synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic and epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the common pathophysiology of MetS in connection with the nature of CHO, intrauterine nutrition, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how dietary CHO may act as a key element in the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Hajara Akhter
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habib Sadat Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, International Medical College Hospital, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew Gorski
- Department of Philosophy in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Pristine Pharmaceuticals, Patuakhali 8600, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Li Y, Huang X, Yang G, Xu K, Yin Y, Brecchia G, Yin J. CD36 favours fat sensing and transport to govern lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101193. [PMID: 36055468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD36, located on the cell membrane, transports fatty acids in response to dietary fat. It is a critical fatty acid sensor and regulator of lipid metabolism. The interaction between CD36 and lipid dysmetabolism and obesity has been identified in various models and human studies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which CD36 regulates lipid metabolism and the role of CD36 in metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we summarize the latest research on the role of membrane CD36 in fat metabolism, with emphasis on CD36-mediated fat sensing and transport. This review also critically discusses the factors affecting the regulation of CD36-mediated fat dysfunction. Finally, we review previous clinical evidence of CD36 in metabolic diseases and consider the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Feng Y, Si X, Zhu R, Chen J, Zhao W, Wang Q, Han S. Analysis of the Relationship between Gut Flora Levels in Childhood Obese Population and Normal Healthy Population Based on Machine Learning. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6860940. [PMID: 36072769 PMCID: PMC9441368 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6860940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims To explore the study of the relationship between the level of gut flora in childhood obese people and normal healthy people based on the analysis of machine learning. Materials and Methods The stools of 54 normal weight, 53 overweight, and 59 obese children from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected. And DNA was extracted, and primers specific for the four bacteria were designed according to the specificity of the four bacteria to the 16 S rDNA gene sequences of the bacteria to be tested, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR reactions were performed to compare whether there was any difference in the number of the four bacteria between the three groups. Results. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the PCR amplification products of all four target bacteria showed clear bands at the corresponding positions, and no nonspecific bands appeared. When compared with the marker, the size matched with the target fragment, indicating good primer specificity. The comparison between normal body recombinant, super recombinant, and obese groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for rectal eubacteria, polymorphic anaplasma, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli. The median number of bifidobacteria in the three groups was significantly higher than the median number of rectal eubacteria, polymorphomycetes, and lactobacilli. The difference in comparison was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Stratified analysis of children's age revealed that normal body composition of Lactobacillus decreased with increasing age, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion An increase in rectal eubacteria and a decrease in polymorphomycetes, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli may be associated with the development of obesity. The numbers of rectal eubacteria, polymorphic methanobacteria, bifidobacteria spp., and lactobacilli in the intestine of normal weight and obese children were less affected by sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqing Feng
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Xia Si
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Shifan Han
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
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Ionita Radu F, Sirbu CA, Docu Axelerad A, Stefan I. Gut microbiota and obesity. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, adults and childhood obesity are increasing alarmingly, being a major health problem. Obesity is correlated with an increased incidence of various systemic diseases including cancer, heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Risk factors for obesity are dysbiosis, genetic, socioeconomic, behavioural and environmental. The gut microbiota has beneficial effects on human health, like host immune system stimulation, being influenced by pH, or nutrient intake. Studies performed on humans and animal models reported differences regarding microbiota at lean and obese individuals. The consumption of probiotics and prebiotics may balance the microbiota with positive effects in obesity. The main aim of this review is to reveal the interaction between dysbiosis and obesity
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Li Y, Bai D, Lu Y, Chen J, Yang H, Mu Y, Xu J, Huang X, Li L. The crude guava polysaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via reshaping gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:234-246. [PMID: 35605721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Guava is a popular fruit consumed worldwide with beneficial effects in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Although polysaccharides are a major phytochemical component of guava, to date, the alleviative effects of polysaccharides from the guava fruit against diet-induced obesity remain unclear. The relationship between the anti-obesity effects of guava polysaccharide (GP) and gut microbiota is unknown. In current study, seven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with GP (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 11 weeks. GP supplementation alleviated HFD-induced body weight gain and visceral obesity, and reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C levels. In addition, GP ameliorated insulin resistance and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation and meta-inflammation in both liver and adipose tissues in obese mice. Remarkably, GP treatment restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, induced growth of beneficial bacteria including Clostridium XlVa, Parvibacter, and Enterorhabdus, and decreased in inflammation-related bacteria Mucispirillum in mice fecal samples, accompanied with enhanced production of colonic short chain fatty acids especially butyric acid. However, the metabolic benefits of GP diminished in antibiotics-treated HFD-fed mice. Overall, GP improved metabolic profiles in HFD-induced obese mice via the mediation of gut microbiota-dependent pathways. GP might be developed and utilized as prebiotics in nutraceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Dongsong Bai
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Haoning Yang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China.
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Effects of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Future Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158253. [PMID: 35897822 PMCID: PMC9330652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host. Taking probiotics is generally safe and well tolerated by pregnant women and their children. Consumption of probiotics can result in both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. In healthy adult humans, the gut microbiome is stable at the level of the dominant taxa: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and has a higher presence of Verrucomicrobia. During pregnancy, an increase in the number of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla and a decrease in the beneficial species Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are observed. Pregnancy is a "window" to the mother's future health. The aim of this paper is to review studies assessing the potentially beneficial effects of probiotics in preventing the development of diseases that appear during pregnancy, which are currently considered as risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome, and consequently, reducing the risk of developing maternal metabolic syndrome in the future. The use of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and excessive gestational weight gain is reviewed. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention that can prevent the development of these disorders during pregnancy, and thus, would reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome resulting from these disorders in the mother's future.
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Varela-Trinidad GU, Domínguez-Díaz C, Solórzano-Castanedo K, Íñiguez-Gutiérrez L, Hernández-Flores TDJ, Fafutis-Morris M. Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071428. [PMID: 35889147 PMCID: PMC9316266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–lung, gut–heart, and gut–metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual’s good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Urait Varela-Trinidad
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Carolina Domínguez-Díaz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Karla Solórzano-Castanedo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Íñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas Metodológicas e Intrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Mary Fafutis-Morris
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-1411-4590
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Chang SLY, Lin YY, Liu SC, Tsai YS, Lin SW, Chen YL, Chen CC, Ko CY, Chen HT, Chen WC, Tang CH. Oral Administration of Clostridium butyricum GKB7 Ameliorates Signs of Osteoarthritis in Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142169. [PMID: 35883610 PMCID: PMC9323988 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and painful inflammatory joint disease affecting the cartilage, bone, and synovial membranes, without any effective treatment that targets the underlying mechanisms of OA. Our study evaluated the therapeutic effects of a live probiotic strain, Clostridium butyricum GKB7, administered for 6 weeks to rats with knee OA (KOA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. All rats underwent weekly weight-bearing behavioral testing and body weight measurements. At 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and the right hind knees were collected for micro-computed tomography imaging and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Compared with rats in the ACLT-only group, ACLT rats administered the probiotic exhibited dramatic improvements in pain-related behavior from postoperative week 2, had significantly less osseous and cartilaginous damage at week 6, and significantly lower levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in cartilage and synovium sections. C. butyricum GKB7 appeared to slow or even reverse OA progression and is worth investigating as a novel therapeutic for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (S.L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.K.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-You Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Beigang Hospital, China Medical University, Yunlin 651012, Taiwan;
| | - You-Shan Tsai
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (S.-W.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Shih-Wei Lin
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (S.-W.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yen-Lien Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (S.-W.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106617, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104036, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (S.L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (W.-C.C.); +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7726) (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (S.L.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.K.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 40354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (W.-C.C.); +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7726) (C.-H.T.)
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Kenig S, Kramberger K, Šik Novak K, Karnjuš I, Bandelj D, Petelin A, Jenko Pražnikar Z. Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench infusions in reversing the traits of metabolic syndrome: a double-blind randomized comparative trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:7697-7706. [PMID: 35749144 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00880g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Health impairments characteristic for metabolic syndrome such as increased body mass, a dysregulated lipid or glucose profile and elevated blood pressure can be reversed by appropriate lifestyle modifications. Supplementing the normal diet with herbal infusions is a promising strategy. We conducted a randomised double-blind comparative study in which participants with at least two traits of metabolic syndrome consumed an infusion of either Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum (HI, n = 14) or Helichrysum arenarium (HA, n = 13) daily for 28 days. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, at the end of the intervention and after a 2-week washout period. HI infusion consumption had a beneficial effect on anthropometric traits; significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, and visceral and total body fat were observed. In the HA group, there was a greater reduction in serum glucose levels and an improvement in the lipid profile. In both groups, high LDL levels were measured at baseline, but two weeks after the intervention, in 84% of participants in the HA group and 71% in the HI group, the levels were within the reference range. Both interventions caused a decrease in HDL but also improved serum antioxidant properties. Consuming either infusion could thus be recommended as a simple, profitable habit for individuals with traits of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Karin Šik Novak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Igor Karnjuš
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia.
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Ngamsamer C, Sirivarasai J, Sutjarit N. The Benefits of Anthocyanins against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060852. [PMID: 35740977 PMCID: PMC9230453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious public health epidemic because of its associations with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Obesity triggers inflammation marked by the secretion of low-grade inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α, leading to a condition known as “meta-inflammation”. Currently, there is great interest in studying the treatment of obesity with food-derived bioactive compounds, which have low toxicity and no severe adverse events compared with pharmacotherapeutic agents. Here, we reviewed the beneficial effects of the bioactive compounds known as anthocyanins on obesity-induced inflammation. Foods rich in anthocyanins include tart cherries, red raspberries, black soybeans, blueberries, sweet cherries, strawberries and Queen Garnet plums. These anthocyanin-rich foods have been evaluated in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies, and found to be beneficial for health, reportedly reducing inflammatory markers. One factor in the development of obesity-related inflammation may be dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Therefore, we focused this review on the in vitro and in vivo effects of anthocyanins on inflammation and the gut microbiota in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanya Ngamsamer
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;
| | - Nareerat Sutjarit
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Neutrophils Actively Contribute to Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Pathological Complications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121883. [PMID: 35741012 PMCID: PMC9221045 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an increase in body weight associated with an exaggerated enlargement of the adipose tissue. Obesity has serious negative effects because it is associated with multiple pathological complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. Nowadays, 39% of the world population is obese or overweight, making obesity the 21st century epidemic. Obesity is also characterized by a mild, chronic, systemic inflammation. Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue causes stress and malfunction of adipocytes, which then initiate inflammation. Next, adipose tissue is infiltrated by cells of the innate immune system. Recently, it has become evident that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in blood, are the first immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue. Neutrophils then get activated and release inflammatory factors that recruit macrophages and other immune cells. These immune cells, in turn, perpetuate the inflammation state by producing cytokines and chemokines that can reach other parts of the body, creating a systemic inflammatory condition. In this review, we described the recent findings on the role of neutrophils during obesity and the initiation of inflammation. In addition, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in the generation of obesity-related complications using diabetes as a prime example.
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Paul P, Kaul R, Abdellatif B, Arabi M, Upadhyay R, Saliba R, Sebah M, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Microbiome Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906243. [PMID: 35711547 PMCID: PMC9197462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One in 10 adults suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of the gut microbiome, its homeostasis, and dysbiosis has been investigated with success in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of T2D. There is an increasing volume of literature reporting interventions of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on T2D patients. Methods Studies investigating the effect of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in T2D populations were extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to January 2022. Results From an initial screening of 5,984 hits, 47 clinical studies were included. Both statistically significant and non-significant results have been compiled, analyzed, and discussed. We have found various promising pro-, pre-, and synbiotic formulations. Of these, multistrain/multispecies probiotics are found to be more effective than monostrain interventions. Additionally, our findings show resistant dextrin to be the most promising prebiotic, followed closely by inulin and oligosaccharides. Finally, we report that synbiotics have shown excellent effect on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. We further discuss the role of metabolites in the resulting effects in biomarkers and ultimately pathogenesis of T2D, bring attention toward the ability of such nutraceuticals to have significant role in COVID-19 therapy, and finally discuss few ongoing clinical trials and prospects. Conclusion Current literature of pro-, pre- and synbiotic administration for T2D therapy is promising and shows many significant results with respect to most markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Paul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rohit Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine—Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Reya Saliba
- Distributed eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majda Sebah
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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79
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Guo Z, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Metabolites of Gut Microbiota and Possible Implication in Development of Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5945-5960. [PMID: 35549332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by having a disorder of glucose metabolism. The types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types of diabetes mellitus. Many risk factors contribute to diabetes mellitus mainly including genetics, environment, obesity, and diet. In the recent years, gut microbiota has been shown to be linked to the development of diabetes. It has been reported that the gut microbiota composition of diabetic patients is different from that of healthy people. Although the mechanism behind the abnormality remains to be explored, most hypotheses focus on the inflammation response and leaky gut in relation to the changes in production of endotoxins and metabolites derived from the intestinal flora. Consequently, the above-mentioned abnormalities trigger a series of metabolic changes, gradually leading to development of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes. This review is (i) to summarize the differences in gut microbiota between diabetic patients and healthy people, (ii) to discuss the underlying mechanism(s) by which how lipopolysaccharide, diet, and metabolites of the gut microbiota affect diabetes, and (iii) to provide a new insight in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
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80
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Exploring the Probiotic Potential of Dairy Industrial-Relevant Lactobacilli. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Usually, the search for new candidate probiotics starts from strain isolation, followed by genotypic and phenotypic characterisations. For the best candidates, the final selection criteria, i.e., an efficient biomass production and the survival to stressful conservation processes, may often represent a bottleneck. The aim of this study is to reverse this classic bottom-up approach, thereby evaluating the in vitro probiotic properties of microbes that are already commercialized and employed in the dairy sector. The major advantage of reversing the traditional scheme is to deal with strains that are already suitable for the scale-up at the industrial level. In this work, four lactobacilli strains were analysed, belonging to the species of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strains PLA and PLA2) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (strains PAR4 and RHM). Both L. plantarum strains showed the best survival under simulated oro-gastrointestinal stress; PLA and PAR4 had the strongest inhibitory activity against all the tested harmful bacteria, with the latter strain showing also the highest percentage of Caco-2 adhesion; RHM was the best biofilm producer on abiotic surface. Finally, cell-free surnatants from all the strain cultures exhibited anti-inflammatory action on THP-1 macrophages. For all the studied strains, it is possible to claim beneficial functional properties other than the technological ones for which they are already marketed. The possible use of the four strains in a mixture could represent a strategy to diversify and maximize their beneficial potential. Nonetheless, future studies are necessary to validate in vivo the observed beneficial properties and to evaluate any effect of the vehicle product on the probiotic aptitude.
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81
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Lu ZY, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jin XW, Ren HM, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ. An Antioxidant Supplement Function Exploration: Rescue of Intestinal Structure Injury by Mannan Oligosaccharides after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050806. [PMID: 35624670 PMCID: PMC9137958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are a type of functional oligosaccharide which have received increased attention because of their beneficial effects on fish intestinal health. However, intestinal structural integrity is a necessary prerequisite for intestinal health. This study focused on exploring the protective effects of dietary MOS supplementation on the grass carp’s (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal structural integrity (including tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction (AJ)) and its related signalling molecule mechanism. A total of 540 grass carp (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of dietary MOS supplementation (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. We used ELISA, spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of dietary MOS supplementation on intestinal structural integrity and antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that dietary MOS supplementation protected the microvillus of the intestine; reduced serum diamine oxidase and d-lactate levels (p < 0.05); enhanced intestinal total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01); up-regulated most intestinal TJ and AJ mRNA levels; and decreased GTP-RhoA protein levels (p < 0.01). In addition, we also found several interesting results suggesting that MOS supplementation has no effects on ZO-2 and Claudin-15b. Overall, these findings suggested that dietary MOS supplementation could protect intestinal ultrastructure, reduce intestinal mucosal permeability and maintain intestinal structural integrity via inhibiting MLCK and RhoA/ROCK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.-F.M.)
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.-F.M.)
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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82
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Hijová E. Synbiotic Supplements in the Prevention of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040313. [PMID: 35448499 PMCID: PMC9031884 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and being overweight have reached incredible proportions worldwide and are one of the most common human health problems. The causes of obesity are multifactorial, including a complex interplay among genes, metabolism, diet, physical activity, and the environment. The intestinal microbiota has the ability to affect the host physiology for both benefit and damage, either directly or through microbial metabolites. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. The synbiotic components provide an optimal target for modulation of the intestinal microbiota and help reshape the metabolic profile in obese people. The development of novel functional foods containing synbiotic ingredients may present a support in the prevention of obesity as one of the risk factors for chronic diseases. Knowledge of the synbiotic mechanisms of action and the use of new functional foods supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics will facilitate the clinical application and development of individual health care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Hijová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research (MEDIPARK), Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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83
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Zuo L, Chen L, Chen X, Liu M, Chen H, Hao G. Pyrethroids exposure induces obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in a sex-different manner. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132935. [PMID: 34798107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People in the United States and around the world are widely exposed to pyrethroid pesticides. However, little is known about the effect of pyrethroids exposure on obesity in adults. This study examined the association between pyrethroids exposure and obesity in males and females and the role of obesity in the association of pyrethroids exposure with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 and 2007-2014. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid (3-PBA, a validated biomarker for pyrethroids exposure used in the primary analysis) and obesity. Mediation analyses were performed to investigate the mediation role of obesity on the associations of 3-PBA with diabetes and CVD. In this analysis, 7896 participants aged 20 years and above were included, of which 1235 (32.2%) males and 1623 (39.9%) females were diagnosed as obese. There was a significant interaction between sex and 3-PBA (Pinteraction = 0.004) for the risk of obesity. Among females, participants in the highest tertile of urinary 3-PBA had higher odds of obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.48) compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for covariates. Among males, the association was not statistically significant. Similar trends were found in the associations of log-transformed urinary 3-PBA level with body mass index in males and females. Further, we found that, in males and females, obesity explained the effect of 3-PBA exposure on diabetes by 1.1% (P = 0.850) and 13.6% (P = 0.004), as well as cardiovascular diseases by 5.9% (P = 0.785) and 25.0% (P = 0.016), respectively. In conclusion, 3-PBA was significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity, especially in females. In addition, obesity partially mediated the associations of 3-PBA exposure with diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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84
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Ashaolu TJ, Adeyeye SA. African Functional Foods and Beverages: A Review. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2034697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope J. Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam
| | - Samuel A.O. Adeyeye
- Department of Food Technology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai, India
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85
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Phull AR, Ahmed M, Park HJ. Cordyceps militaris as a Bio Functional Food Source: Pharmacological Potential, Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Related Molecular Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020405. [PMID: 35208860 PMCID: PMC8875674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a medicinal mushroom possessing a variety of biofunctionalities. It has several biologically important components such as polysaccharides and others. The diverse pharmacological potential of C. militaris has generated interest in reviewing the current scientific literature, with a particular focus on prevention and associated molecular mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. Due to rising global demand, research on C. militaris has continued to increase in recent years. C. militaris has shown the potential for inhibiting inflammation-related events, both in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Inflammation is a multifaceted biological process that contributes to the development and severity of diseases, including cancer, colitis, and allergies. These functions make C. militaris a suitable functional food for inhibiting inflammatory responses such as the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, on the basis of existing information, the current study provides insights towards the understanding of anti-inflammatory activity-related mechanisms. This article presents a foundation for clinical use, and analyzes the roadmap for future studies concerning the medical use of C. militaris and its constituents in the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rehman Phull
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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86
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Tropical fruits from Australia as potential treatments for metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102182. [PMID: 35149297 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Australia has a unique and diverse flora, including indigenous fruits, used by Australian Aboriginals for food and medicines for up to 45,000 years as well as recently introduced fruits for commercial production. However, this range of fruits has not led to the development of functional foods, for example for chronic inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome including obesity, hypertension, fatty liver and diabetes. This review examines the potential of tropical and subtropical fruits from Australia to be used as functional foods for metabolic syndrome, including Davidson's plum, Queen Garnet plum, durian, litchi, breadfruit, jackfruit, mangosteen, papaya, jabuticaba, coffee and seaweed. Preclinical studies have defined potential responses of these functional foods in metabolic syndrome but the usefulness in humans with metabolic syndrome requires clinical studies which are scarce in the relevant literature. Overall, these Australian examples show that tropical fruits can provide functional foods to decrease chronic inflammatory diseases.
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87
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Huo Y, Zhao G, Li J, Wang R, Ren F, Li Y, Wang X. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 Enhances Fatty Acid β-Oxidation of Adipose Tissue to Ameliorate the Development of Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030598. [PMID: 35276956 PMCID: PMC8839083 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is confirmed to be impaired in obesity, especially in adipose tissues. We previously proved that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) had protective effects against diet-induced obesity. However, whether BAA6 enhances FAO to ameliorate the development of obesity has not been explored. After being fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks, male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD or BAA6 for 8 weeks. In vitro study was carried out using 3T3-L1 adipocytes to determine the effect of BAA6 culture supernatant (BAA6-CM). Here, we showed that administration of BAA6 to mice fed with HFD decreased body weight gain (by 5.03 g) and significantly up-regulated FAO in epididymal adipose tissues. In parallel, FAO in 3T3-L1 cells was increased after BAA6-CM treatment. Acetate was identified as a constituent of BAA6-CM that showed a similar effect to BAA6-CM. Furthermore, acetate treatment activated the GPR43-PPARα signaling, thereby promoting FAO in 3T3-L1 cells. The levels of acetate were also elevated in serum and feces (by 1.92- and 2.27-fold) of HFD-fed mice following BAA6 administration. The expression levels of GPR43 and PPARα were increased by 55.45% and 69.84% after BAA6 supplement in the epididymal fat of mice. Together, these data reveal that BAA6 promotes FAO of adipose tissues through the GPR43-PPARα signaling, mainly by increasing acetate levels, leading to alleviating the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinwang Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.H.); (F.R.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-6344
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Liang X, Tang X, Liu M, Liang X, Chen L, Chen X, Zuo L, Ren Y, Hao G. Associations of self-reported residential noise exposure with obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:902868. [PMID: 36034553 PMCID: PMC9411713 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.902868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence linking environmental noise to obesity and hypertension remains scarce, especially in children, and the results remain inconclusive. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional associations of self-reported residential noise exposure with obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents. METHODS As an ongoing study, a representative sample of the children aged 6-9 years in Chongqing were selected in 2014. In 2019, self-reported residential noise (answer categories: "very quiet," "moderately quiet," "slightly quiet," and "not at all quiet") data were collected, and 3,412 participants with completed data were included in the analyses. RESULTS Participants living in a quieter area had a significantly lower risk of obesity than those living in a noisy area (very quiet: OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.29-0.88, P = 0.015; moderately quiet: OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.36-1.02, P = 0.059). Similar associations were observed for abdominal obesity, although did not reach statistical significance. Consistently, residential noise exposure was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio. Self-reported residential noise exposure was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = -1.808; 95%CI = -3.495, -0.110; P = 0.037). When sleep quality, study stress, BMI, and vegetable/fruits consumption were further adjusted, all effect estimates decreased, and no statistical association was observed between noise exposure and blood pressure. Furthermore, we found that the mediating effects of obesity on the associations of self-reported residential noise exposure with hypertension were 6.8% (% of total effect mediated = 0.068, 95%CI: -2.58, 3.99), although did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported residential noise exposure was associated with a higher risk of obesity or abdominal obesity. Also, self-reported residential noise exposure was positively associated with hypertension, and obesity may partially mediate this association, but did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2021; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. Scope of the review This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods – effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. Major conclusions Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions. The gut microbiota is involved in the control of nutrient availability, appetite, and body weight. Both obesity and cachexia are associated with altered gut microbiota. Specific dietary and surgical approaches positively impact body weight and gut microbiota. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Ichimura-Shimizu M, Kageyama T, Oya T, Ogawa H, Matsumoto M, Sumida S, Kakimoto T, Miyakami Y, Nagatomo R, Inoue K, Cheng C, Tsuneyama K. Verification of the Impact of Blood Glucose Level on Liver Carcinogenesis and the Efficacy of a Dietary Intervention in a Spontaneous Metabolic Syndrome Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312844. [PMID: 34884650 PMCID: PMC8657638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal, liver, and heart diseases. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive representative liver disease and may lead to the irreversible calamities of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia have been broadly reported to be related to hepatocarcinogenesis in NASH; however, direct evidence of a link between hyperglycemia and carcinogenesis is still lacking. Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetic (TSOD) mice spontaneously develop metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and NASH-like liver phenotype, and eventually develop hepatocellular carcinomas. TSOD mice provide a spontaneous human MS-like model, even with significant individual variations. In this study, we monitored mice in terms of their changes in blood glucose levels, body weights, and pancreatic and liver lesions over time. As a result, liver carcinogenesis was delayed in non-hyperglycemic TSOD mice compared to hyperglycemic mice. Moreover, at the termination point of 40 weeks, liver tumors appeared in 18 of 24 (75%) hyperglycemic TSOD mice; in contrast, they only appeared in 5 of 24 (20.8%) non-hyperglycemic mice. Next, we investigated three kinds of oligosaccharide that could lower blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic TSOD mice. We monitored the levels of blood and urinary glucose and assessed pancreatic lesions among the experimental groups. As expected, significantly lower levels of blood and urinary glucose and smaller deletions of Langerhans cells were found in TSOD mice fed with milk-derived oligosaccharides (galactooligosaccharides and lactosucrose). At the age of 24 weeks, mild steatohepatitis was found in the liver but there was no evidence of liver carcinogenesis. Steatosis in the liver was alleviated in the milk-derived oligosaccharide-administered group. Taken together, suppressing the increase in blood glucose level from a young age prevented susceptible individuals from diabetes and the onset of NAFLD/NASH, as well as carcinogenesis. Milk-derived oligosaccharides showed a lowering effect on blood glucose levels, which may be expected to prevent liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takeshi Kageyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takeshi Oya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Minoru Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Satoshi Sumida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takumi Kakimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuko Miyakami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ryosuke Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (R.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (R.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Chunmei Cheng
- Pharmacology and Histopathology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (T.K.); (H.O.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-633-7065; Fax: +81-88-633-7067
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Luangthongkam P, Blinco JA, Dart P, Callaghan M, Speight R. Comparison of spray-drying and freeze-drying for inoculum production of the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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92
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Li Y, Qin J, Cheng Y, Lv D, Li M, Qi Y, Lan J, Zhao Q, Li Z. Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides: Preventive and Therapeutic Effects on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110608. [PMID: 34822479 PMCID: PMC8618309 DOI: 10.3390/md19110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is the pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. With the prevalence of modern lifestyles, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has risen rapidly. In recent years, marine sulfate polysaccharides (MSPs) have shown positive effects in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, and they mainly come from seaweeds and marine animals. MSPs are rich in sulfate and have stronger biological activity compared with terrestrial polysaccharides. MSPs can alleviate metabolic syndrome by regulating glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, MSPs prevent and treat metabolic syndrome by interacting with gut microbiota. MSPs can be degraded by gut microbes to produce metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and free sulfate and affect the composition of gut microbiota. The difference between MSPs and other polysaccharides lies in the sulfation pattern and sulfate content, therefore, which is very important for anti-metabolic syndrome activity of MSPs. This review summarizes the latest findings on effects of MSPs on metabolic syndrome, mechanisms of MSPs in treatment/prevention of metabolic syndrome, interactions between MSPs and gut microbiota, and the role of sulfate group and sulfation pattern in MSPs activity. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm the potential preventive and therapeutic effects on human body. It may be a better choice to develop new functional foods containing MSPs for dietary intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juan Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yinghui Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Dong Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxia Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Dalian Zhenjiu Biological Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-411-84673500 (Q.Z.); +86-411-84763107 (Z.L.)
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-411-84673500 (Q.Z.); +86-411-84763107 (Z.L.)
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The Use of the Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v in the Technology of Non-Dairy Ice Cream Based on Avocado. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102492. [PMID: 34681541 PMCID: PMC8535665 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food enriched with probiotics and prebiotics belong to the class of novel foods. Functional food, apart from its nutritional function, has an additional pro-health effect. The aim of the presented study was to create a concept of a functional dessert—avocado-based non-diary ice cream enriched with probiotic bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v. The product was tested for the survival of bacteria in various conditions, and the influence of the probiotic on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of non-dairy ice cream was assessed. The dessert with probiotic throughout the storage period (8 weeks) kept the therapeutic minimum defined for probiotic food products. It was found that the addition of the probiotic did not deteriorate either the color or the sensory profile of the dessert. There was also no increase in the redox potential nor the acidity of the product with the addition of a probiotic.
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94
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Núñez-Sánchez MA, Herisson FM, Cluzel GL, Caplice NM. Metabolic syndrome and synbiotic targeting of the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major public health concern with an increasing prevalence. Recent studies suggest an influence of gastrointestinal microbiota on obesity. Consequently, microbiota restoration therapies are being considered as potential management. We present data on microbiome markers and the future of microbiota therapeutics for obesity. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pathogenesis of obesity, relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, use of microbiota-based therapies. Data were gathered by a literature search of articles in PubMed from the date of inception till August 2020. Keywords used were 'gut microbiota,' 'gut microbiome,' 'microbiota,' 'microbiome,' 'obesity,' and 'obesity and fecal microbiota transplantation' as MeSH terms. EXPERT OPINION The direct relationship of gut microbiota in causing obesity needs exploration. Because of the scarcity of human studies, the utility of microbiota-based therapies as treatment remains uncertain and the use of microbiome restoration for obesity should be restricted to research settings. To evaluate the efficacy of microbiota restoration, studies using these therapies as an adjunct with diet and lifestyle should be conducted. Once relationships between bacterial strains and the human metabolic profile are determined, these strains could be cultured for transfer to obese patients. Such advancement could help in tailoring personalized therapies for obese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sehgal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Jin J, Cheng R, Ren Y, Shen X, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhang H, Jia X, Li T, He F, Tian H. Distinctive Gut Microbiota in Patients with Overweight and Obesity with Dyslipidemia and its Responses to Long-term Orlistat and Ezetimibe Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Open-label Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732541. [PMID: 34512358 PMCID: PMC8426637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) characteristics of subjects with obesity from Xinjiang in northwestern China, a region with a multiethnic culture and characteristic lifestyle, and to explore the potential microbes that respond to a 12-wk medication of orlistat and ezetimibe with a randomized controlled open-label trial manner. The gut microbiota profile of patients with overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang was distinctive and characterized by enrichment of Lactobacillus and the reduction of the diversity and the depletion of Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis. Prevotella-type, Gemmiger-type, and Escherichia/Shigella-type were the gut microbial patterns of the Xinjiang population. However, the fecal SCFAs levels and enterotypes were similar between healthy individuals and patients. These results indicated that the contribution of the gut microbiota to obesity was highly dependent on geography and dietary habits. Waist circumference, total triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly decreased after orlistat therapy, whereas TG, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased by ezetimibe. Overall, the gut microbiota and their SCFAs metabolites were relatively stable after treatment with the two drugs, with alteration of some low-abundant bacteria, i.e., significantly increased Proteobacteria and decreased Alloprevotella after orlistat, and increased Fusobacteria and Fusobacterium after ezetimibe therapy. These results indicated that intestinal malabsorption of dietary fat and cholesterol caused by orlistat and ezetimibe had a limited effect on the overall gut microbial community and their metabolites. Nevertheless, significant correlations between several core microbes that responded to the medications and biochemical data were found; in particular, Actinomyces and Bacteroides were positively correlated with FBG after orlistat intervention, while Clostridium XVIII and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C after ezetimibe intervention, thus indicating their roles in improving glucolipid metabolism in obesity by acting as potential microbial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yigui Xue
- Frontier Medical Service Training Battalion of Army Military Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- People's Hospital of Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Jia
- Health Service Center, Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- People's Hospital of Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Raybould HE, Zumpano DL. Microbial metabolites and the vagal afferent pathway in the control of food intake. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113555. [PMID: 34375620 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is able to influence overall energy balance via effects on both energy intake and expenditure, and is a peripheral target for potential obesity therapies. However, the precise mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences energy intake and body weight regulation is not clear. Microbes use small molecules to communicate with each other; some of these molecules are ligands at mammalian receptors and this may be a mechanism by which microbes communicate with the host. Here we briefly review the literature showing beneficial effects of microbial metabolites on food intake regulation and examine the potential role for vagal afferent neurons, the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Danielle L Zumpano
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Chen CM, Wu CC, Huang CL, Chang MY, Cheng SH, Lin CT, Tsai YC. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Promotes Intestinal Motility, Mucin Production, and Serotonin Signaling in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:535-545. [PMID: 34327633 PMCID: PMC9076750 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 has been reported as a psychobiotic to improve mental health through the gut–brain axis in experimental animal models. To explore its mechanism of action in the gut, this study aimed to analyze the effects of L. plantarum PS128 ingestion on naïve and loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation mice. We found that, in the two mouse models, the weight, number, and water content of feces in the L. plantarum PS128 group were higher than those in the vehicle control group. Histological observation revealed that L. plantarum PS128 increased the level of colonic mucins including the major mucin MUC2. In addition, the charcoal meal test showed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly increased the small intestine transit in naïve mice, but not in the Lop-treated mice. Since intestinal serotonin has been found to modulate motility, we further analyzed the expression of genes related to serotonin signal transduction in the small intestine of naïve mice. The results showed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly altered the expression levels of Tph1, Chga, Slc6a4, and Htr4, but did not affect the expression levels of Tph2, Htr3a, and Maoa. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly increased the number of serotonin-containing intestinal cells in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that L. plantarum PS128 could promote intestinal motility, mucin production, and serotonin signal transduction, leading to a laxative effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min-Yu Chang
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd, Taipei, 10448, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Ting Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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Xiong K, Cai J, Liu P, Wang J, Zhao S, Xu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Ma A. Lactobacillus casei Alleviated the Abnormal Increase of Cholestasis-Related Liver Indices During Tuberculosis Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100108. [PMID: 33864432 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Probiotics are promising in mitigating drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments. However, the clinical evidence is absent. The objective is to investigate the effect of adjunctive Lactobacillus casei on tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS A post hoc analysis is conducted for a previous randomized controlled trial. The trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-IOR-17013210). Four hundred twenty nine patients are allocated to receive standard tuberculosis therapy alone (control group), or together with 1 × 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) per day (low-dose group), or 2 × 1010 CFU per day of L. casei (high-dose group) during tuberculosis treatment. The L. casei supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of the abnormal increase of cholestasis-related liver indices including alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.024) and bilirubin (p = 0.013). Plasma lipopolysaccharide (p = 0.02), intestinal permeability biomarkers including zonula occludens-1 (p = 0.001) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (p = 0.002) are significantly reduced. The gut microbiota composition is dramatically altered with a reduction of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and a corresponding increase of Actinobacteria (p < 0.001) and Firmicutes (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS L. casei supplementation is beneficial for suppressing abnormally elevated cholestasis-related liver indices during tuberculosis treatment, which may be related to its modification on blood lipopolysaccharide, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Peiying Liu
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | | | - Lei Xu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Aiguo Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
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100
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The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030045. [PMID: 34201465 PMCID: PMC8293145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.
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