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Docampo-Palacios ML, Alvarez-Hernández A, de Fátima Â, Lião LM, Pasinetti GM, Dixon RA. Efficient Chemical Synthesis of (Epi)catechin Glucuronides: Brain-Targeted Metabolites for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurological Disorders. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30095-30110. [PMID: 33251444 PMCID: PMC7689943 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in flavonoids and has been recognized to possess human health benefits. Our group and others have demonstrated that GSE is able to attenuate the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, our results have disclosed that the anti-Alzheimer's benefits are not directly/solely related to the dietary flavonoids themselves, but rather to their metabolites, particularly to the glucuronidated ones. To facilitate the understanding of regioisomer/stereoisomer-specific biological effects of (epi)catechin glucuronides, we here describe a concise chemical synthesis of authentic standards of catechin and epicatechin metabolites 3-12. The synthesis of glucuronides 9 and 12 is described here for the first time. The key reactions employed in the synthesis of the novel glucuronides 9 and 12 include the regioselective methylation of the 4'-hydroxyl group of (epi)catechin (≤1.0/99.0%; 3'-OMe/4'-OMe) and the regioselective deprotection of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) group at position 5 (yielding up to 79%) over the others (3, 7 and 3' or 4').
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite L. Docampo-Palacios
- BioDiscovery
Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- . Phone: +1-214-601-5892. Fax: +1-580-224-6692
| | - Anislay Alvarez-Hernández
- BioDiscovery
Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Department
of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- Institute
of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department
of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioDiscovery
Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- . Phone: +1-940-565-2308
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Serafim C, Araruna ME, Júnior EA, Diniz M, Hiruma-Lima C, Batista L. A Review of the Role of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcer (2010-2020). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225431. [PMID: 33233494 PMCID: PMC7699562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are characterized by erosions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that may reach the muscle layer. Their etiology is multifactorial and occurs when the balance between offensive and protective factors of the mucosa is disturbed. Peptic ulcers represent a global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide and showing high rates of recurrence. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important predisposing factors for the development of peptic ulcers. Therefore, new approaches to complementary treatments are needed to prevent the development of ulcers and their recurrence. Natural products such as medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of flavonoids that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models. Studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected from reference databases. This review refers to a collection of flavonoids with antiulcer activity in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Maria Elaine Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Edvaldo Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Margareth Diniz
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
| | - Clélia Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Batista
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-32167003; Fax: +55-83-32167502
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Angellotti G, Murgia D, Campisi G, De Caro V. Quercetin-Based Nanocomposites as a Tool to Improve Dental Disease Management. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E504. [PMID: 33207706 PMCID: PMC7697753 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The restoration and prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth are commonly performed using dental implants, which are extremely effective and long-lasting techniques due to their osteointegration ability with the preimplant tissues. Quercetin is a phytoestrogen-like flavonoid well known for its several positive effects on human health, mostly linked to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, many studies in dentistry and the maxillofacial fields have highlighted the positive effects of quercetin on osteogenesis, acting on osteoblast activity and angiogenetic process, and promoting soft and hard tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the role of quercetin on the healing and restoration of bony defects, considering the experimental findings of its application both in vitro and in vivo as a mere compound or in association with scaffolds and dental implants having functionalized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angellotti
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (G.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Denise Murgia
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (G.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang Combined with 5-Fluorouracil Synergistically Suppresses Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via the IL-6/STAT3 Signalling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1395954. [PMID: 33082817 PMCID: PMC7556056 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1395954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) develops from active colonic inflammation, which is characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines that can induce mutations. IL-6 is produced by multiple cell types located within the tumor microenvironment including tumor-infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, and the tumor cells themselves. The aim of our study was to explore the mechanism of Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang (FLCWK) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in treating CAC. Method HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU in the absence or presence of FLCWK. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assays. Apoptosis and the cell cycle phases were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and Q-PCR assays were used to detect the expression levels of proteins and genes related to the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway. A mouse model for CAC was established by treating animals with 12.5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) followed by 3 cycles of 2.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The associated pathological changes were determined after haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of related proteins and genes in various tissues was examined using immunofluorescence techniques. Results FLCWK enhanced the ability of 5-FU to promote apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of HCT116 cells and blocking the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. FLCWK combined with 5-FU reduced the number and size of colon tumors in mice with CAC and significantly increased their survival rate. In the CAC model, FLCWK synergized with 5-FU to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3, preventing IL-6/STAT3 signal transduction and thus further inducing apoptosis and inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion FLCWK can inhibit the activation of STAT3 by reducing the production of IL-6, thereby increasing the occurrence of colitis-related colorectal cancer with 5-FU.
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Rafael FD, Isidro VM, Héctor-Gabriel AM, Abraham PO, Yolanda CU, Tania RG, Rosa-Isela GG, Lorena PC, Socorro HM. Berry Supplementation and Their Beneficial Effects on Some Central Nervous System Disorders. BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY - FROM BASIC TO CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S. Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204626. [PMID: 33050668 PMCID: PMC7594042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingyi Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lingli Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
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Abdel-Tawab MS, Mostafa Tork O, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Ewaiss Hassan M, Azmy Elberry D. Protective Effects of Quercetin and Melatonin on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:278-290. [PMID: 33649721 PMCID: PMC7816780 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications to prevent the development of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers have a large range of unpleasant side effects. Recent efforts have been focused on determining safer alternative nontoxic and natural forms of anti-ulcer treatments. METHODS Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups: 1: control group that received no treatment; 2: the ndomethacin-treated group that received 20 mg/kg of indomethacin for 2 days to induce the development of gastric ulcers; 3: quercetin-treated group that in addition to the indomethacin treatment, received 50 mg/kg of quercetin 6 hours after and then daily for 14 days and; 4: the melatonin-treated group which received 20 mg/kg of melatonin 6 hours after each indomethacin treatment and then daily for 14 days. All drugs were administered orally. The following parameters were assessed in each group: mean ulcer index of gastric tissue, gastric acid volume and pH, oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), inflammatory markers: PGE-2, TNF-α, and IL-10, nitric oxide (NO) levels and the relative gene expression of BAX, BCL-2 and COX-2 by real time PCR. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the indomethacin-treated group had a significantly increased (p< 0.05) ulcer index, gastric acid volume, and elevated levels of stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers compared to controls. In the groups that received quercetin or melatonin, these factors were all significantly decreased (p< 0.05). Between quercetin and melatonin, there was no significant difference in their gastroprotective effect. CONCLUSION Both quercetin and melatonin had protective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sayed Abdel-Tawab
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
- Corresponding author: Marwa Sayed Abdel-Tawab; Tel: +2 01028328810; E-mail:
| | - Ola Mostafa Tork
- Basic Medical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Medical college, Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacology Department- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Manal Ewaiss Hassan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalia Azmy Elberry
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Exquisite binding interaction of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid with histone like DNA binding protein of Helicobacter pylori: A computational and experimental study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:231-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mendel M, Chłopecka M, Latek U, Karlik W, Tomczykowa M, Strawa J, Tomczyk M. Evaluation of the effects of Bidens tripartita extracts and their main constituents on intestinal motility - An ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112982. [PMID: 32442590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Based on traditional medicine, infusions of Bidens species (Asteraceae) have been successfully used in the treatment of acute and chronic enteritis. Additionally, ethnopharmacological reports demonstrating the gastrointestinal, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic and immunomodulatory potency of Bidens tripartita Linn. (Asteraceae) and its constituents make the plant a particularly interesting herbal drug candidate for the supportive treatment of functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to verify the effects of B. tripartita and its main flavonoid constituents on intestinal contractility patterns under ex vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of B. tripartita preparations and their main flavonoids were identified using an alternative model of porcine isolated jejunum specimens. Using LC-ESI-MS, the effects of six different standardized extracts, aqueous (BT1), methanolic 50% (BT2), methanolic (BT3), diethyl ether (BT4), ethyl acetate (BT5) and butanol (BT6) (0.001-0.1 mg/mL), as well as three pure isolated flavonoids, luteolin (LUT), cynaroside (CYN) and flavanomarein (ION) (0.001-100 μM), were evaluated towards spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced motility. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION s: The results showed the potent prokinetic effects of the B. tripartita extracts and their flavonoids on jejunum smooth muscle. The myocontractile effect was observed on both spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractility. There were no substantial differences in the magnitude of myocontractile effects between all six extracts with the exception of the butanol extract which seemed to have a slightly stronger prokinetic effect than the other extracts. The use of extracts at the highest tested concentrations provoked an approximately 1.5-fold increased reaction to acetylcholine compared to the control treatment. The myocontractile effect of the single flavonoids justifies the hypothesis that these secondary metabolites are responsible for the prokinetic activity of all the tested extracts. Among the tested flavonoids, CYN appeared to be the most potent ingredient of B. tripartita; the increase in the response to acetylcholine in the presence of this compound exceeded 250% of the control reaction. In view of the obtained results, the range of functional gastrointestinal disorders in which B. tripartita could be expected to bring benefits include the predominantly constipative phases of irritable bowel syndrome and dyspeptic complaints in which treatment protocols usually involve gastroprokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8, ul. Ciszewskiego, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8, ul. Ciszewskiego, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Urszula Latek
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8, ul. Ciszewskiego, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8, ul. Ciszewskiego, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Monika Tomczykowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230, Białystok, Poland.
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Elshamy AI, Farrag ARH, Ayoub IM, Mahdy KA, Taher RF, Gendy AENGEI, Mohamed TA, Al-Rejaie SS, EI-Amier YA, Abd-EIGawad AM, Farag MA. UPLC-qTOF-MS Phytochemical Profile and Antiulcer Potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:E4234. [PMID: 32942704 PMCID: PMC7570889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyperus has been commonly used as a multi-use medicinal plant in folk medicine worldwide. The objectives of our study were to determine the different metabolites in the Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. methanol extract, and to assess its in vivo gastroprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Serum levels of galactin-3 and TNF-α were employed as biochemical markers. To pinpoint for active agents, comprehensive metabolites profiling of extract via UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS was employed. A total of 77 chromatographic peaks were detected, of which 70 were annotated. The detected metabolites were categorized into phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, stilbenes, aurones, quinones, terpenes, and steroids. Rats were divided into six groups; healthy control, ulcer control, standard drug group, and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg of C. conglomeratus treated rats. Pre-treatment with C. conglomeratus alcohol extract significantly reduced galactin-3, and TNF-α in ethanol-induced ulcer model at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Further histopathological and histochemical studies revealed moderate erosion of superficial epithelium, few infiltrated inflammatory cells, and depletion of gastric tissue glycoprotein in the ulcer group. Treatment with the extract protected the gastric epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that C. conglomeratus extract provides significant gastroprotective activity in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ought to be included in nutraceuticals in the future for ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abdel Razik H. Farrag
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Iriny M. Ayoub
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Karam A. Mahdy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Rehab F. Taher
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. EI Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasser A. EI-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-EIGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt;
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Martins JLR, Silva DM, Gomes EH, Fava SA, Carvalho MF, Macedo IYL, Gil ES, Ghedini PC, Rocha FF, Silva ON, Fajemiroye JO, Pinto EMH, Costa EA. Evaluation of Gastroprotective Activity of Linoleic acid on Gastric Ulcer in a Mice Model. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 28:655-660. [PMID: 32900346 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200908144053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric ulcer has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it has been linked to factors such as nutritional deficiency, smoking, stress, and continuous intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The search for new anti-ulcer therapeutic agents has been the subject of several studies. Recently, the gastroprotective effect of Celtis iguanaea has been reported, with linoleic acid (LA) responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of this medicinal plant. AIM This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activity and the possible mechanisms in which LA may be involved, through different experimental assays in mice. METHODS The gastroprotective activity LA was evaluated in the ulcer induced by indomethacin, HCl/EtOH, hypothermicrestraint stress and pyloric ligation. For the gastroprotective mechanisms investigation the quantification of the volume (mL), pH and total acidity of gastric secretion were considered. RESULTS The oral administrations of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of body weight of LA were capable of protecting the gastric mucosa against HCl/ethanol (10 mL/kg p.o.), and oral administrations of 50 mg/kg LA showed protection from ulcers induced by indomethacin, hypothermic-restraint stress and pyloric ligation. CONCLUSION The results of this study show the gastroprotective role of LA in gastric mucosal damage induced by all assayed distresses. The observed gastroprotection possibly occurs due to the mediated increase of mucosal defensive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L R Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - Dayane M Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-220, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Emerson H Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - Samuel A Fava
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - Murilo F Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-170, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Isaac Y L Macedo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-170, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Eric S Gil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-170, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ghedini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-220, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Fábio F Rocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ. Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - James O Fajemiroye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - Emerith M H Pinto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro Universitário de Anápolis - Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, GO. Brazil
| | - Elson A Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, 74605-220, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
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Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Flavone Derivatives for Acetylcholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184064. [PMID: 32899576 PMCID: PMC7570966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1) have become attractive therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Flavones are flavonoid derivatives with various bioactive effects, including AChE and BACE-1 inhibition. In the present work, a series of 14 flavone derivatives was synthesized in relatively high yields (35–85%). Six of the synthetic flavones (B4, B5, B6, B8, D6 and D7) had completely new structures. The AChE and BACE-1 inhibitory activities were tested, giving pIC50 3.47–4.59 (AChE) and 4.15–5.80 (BACE-1). Three compounds (B3, D5 and D6) exhibited the highest biological effects on both AChE and BACE-1. A molecular docking investigation was conducted to explain the experimental results. These molecules could be employed for further studies to discover new structures with dual action on both AChE and BACE-1 that could serve as novel therapies for AD.
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Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176448. [PMID: 32899435 PMCID: PMC7503351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid abundantly found in fruits and vegetables. It possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities, thus suggesting a role in disease prevention and health promotion. The present review aimed to uncover the bone-sparing effects of quercetin and its mechanism of action. Animal studies have found that the action of quercetin on bone is largely protective, with a small number of studies reporting negative outcomes. Quercetin was shown to inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, osteoblast apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response while promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antioxidant expression, adipocyte apoptosis and osteoclast apoptosis. The possible underlying mechanisms involved are regulation of Wnt, NF-κB, Nrf2, SMAD-dependent, and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, quercetin was shown to exert complex and competing actions on the MAPK signalling pathway to orchestrate bone metabolism, resulting in both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on bone in parallel. The overall interaction is believed to result in a positive effect on bone. Considering the important contributions of quercetin in regulating bone homeostasis, it may be considered an economical and promising agent for improving bone health. The documented preclinical findings await further validation from human clinical trials.
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Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6792069. [PMID: 32908461 PMCID: PMC7474796 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6792069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids are compounds synthesized by plants, and they have properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, among others. One of the most important bioactive properties of flavonoids is their antioxidant effect. Synthetic antioxidants have side toxic effects whilst natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids from natural sources, have relatively low toxicity. Therefore, it is important to incorporate flavonoids derived from natural sources in several products such as foods, cosmetics, and drugs. For this reason, there is currently a need to extract flavonoids from plant resources. In this review are described the most important parameters involved in the extraction of flavonoids by unconventional methods such as ultrasound, pressurized liquid extraction, mechanochemical, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical fluid, negative pressure cavitation, intensification of vaporization by decompression to the vacuum, microwave, infrared, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electrical discharges, and enzyme-assisted extraction. There are no unified operation conditions to achieve high yields and purity. Notwithstanding, progress has been achieved in the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly methods of extraction. Although in literature are found important advances, a complete understanding of the extraction process in each of the unconventional techniques is needed to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms that govern each of the techniques.
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AlKreathy HM, Alghamdi MK, Esmat A. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Impact on oxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic machineries. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:916-926. [PMID: 32792836 PMCID: PMC7414077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Available antiulcer medications reveal partial efficacy and numerous adverse reactions. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was known for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the potential gastroprotective effect of TMP against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats with possible underlying mechanisms. TMP was tested at 3 doses (15, 30 & 60 mg/kg/d po) three days before indomethacin challenge (25 mg/kg ip). Gastric tissue was evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. Oxidative statuses were assessed via glutathione content (GSH), malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) activity, while TNFα and IL-6 were measured as inflammatory mediators. Gastric PGE2 was investigated in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TMP was effective (at 30 and 60 mg/kg/d) in promoting mucus secretion and preventing histopathologic changes induced by indomethacin. Mechanistically, TMP significantly enhanced GSH content and CAT activity while reducing lipid peroxidation as expressed by MDA concentration. Moreover, TMP effectively reduced TNFα, IL-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) concentrations. On the other hand, TMP enhanced both COX-1 and PGE2 and encouraged angiogenesis via increasing VEGF expression. In conclusion, TMP possesses a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. This could be explained - at least partly - by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M. AlKreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Fideles LDS, de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Barbosa MLL, Pimenta HB, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri MAS, Façanha SDO, Barreto JEF, Carvalho PMDM, Scafuri AG, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Role of Rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: Prevention of Histological Damage and Reduction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122786. [PMID: 32560278 PMCID: PMC7356626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8492
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | | | | | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Christus University Center (Unichristus), 133 Adolfo Gurgel Street, Fortaleza 63010-475, Brazil;
| | | | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Scafuri Institute of Human Sexuality, 1513 Republic of Lebanon Street, Varjota, Fortaleza 60175-222, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, s/n Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group (QUIMEBIO), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Bernardo/MA 65550-000, Brazil;
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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Rodriguez S, Pertino MW, Arcos C, Reichert L, Echeverria J, Simirgiotis M, Borquez J, Cornejo A, Areche C, Sepulveda B. Isolation, Gastroprotective Effects and Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Lycium Minutifolium J. Remy (Solanaceae). Foods 2020; 9:foods9050565. [PMID: 32375270 PMCID: PMC7278853 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium minutifolium J. Remy (Solanaceae) is commonly used as an infusion in traditional medicine to treat stomach pain, meteorism, intestinal disorders, stomach ailments, and other severe problems including prostate cancer and stomach cancer. From the EtOAc extract of L. minutifolium bark five known metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques. The gastroprotective effects of the EtOAc fraction and edible infusion extract of the bark were assayed on the hydrochloric acid (HCl)/EtOH induced gastric ulcer model in mice to support the traditional use of the plant. The EtOAc extract and the edible infusion showed gastroprotective effect at dose of 100 mg/kg reducing lesions by 31% and 64%, respectively. The gastroprotective action mechanisms of the edible infusion at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg were evaluated suggesting that prostaglandins, sulfhydryl groups, and nitric oxide are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. The UHPLC analysis coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry of the edible infusion showed the presence of twenty-three compounds. Our results can support the gastroprotective properties of the edible infusion extract, and at least can validate in part, the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile; (S.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Mariano Walter Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | - Chantal Arcos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Luana Reichert
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Javier Echeverria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av Coloso S-N, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile;
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazié 2315, 8370092 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile; (S.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-063-2244369
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Areche C, Hernandez M, Cano T, Ticona J, Cortes C, Simirgiotis M, Caceres F, Borquez J, Echeverría J, Sepulveda B. Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae): Antioxidant, Gastroprotective Effects, and Metabolomic Profiling by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray High Resolution Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32322203 PMCID: PMC7156589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) is a shrubby or often arborescent cactus popularly known as "sancayo" and produce an edible fruit known as "Sanky" which is consumed in Arequipa-Perú. The purpose of this study was to report the gastroprotective activity and relate this activity to the antioxidant capacity and presence of phenolic compounds for the first time. A metabolomic profiling based on Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry, and the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the mode of gastroprotective action of the Sanky fruit including the involvement of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and sulfhydryl compounds is reported. Thirty-eight compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract including 12 organic acids, nine hydroxycinnamic acids, three isoamericanol derivatives, six flavonoids, five fatty acids, and two sterols. The results of the biological tests showed that the ethanolic extract had antioxidant capacity and gastroprotective activity on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice (at 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). The effect elicited by the extract at 50 mg/kg was reversed by indometacin and N-ethylmaleimide but not by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester suggesting that sulfhydryl groups and prostaglandins are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. In conclusion, our study proves that C. brevistylus pears have some gastroprotective and antioxidant capacities and consumption is recommended for the presence of several bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Hernandez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Cano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Juana Ticona
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fátima Caceres
- Laboratorio de Botánica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Croton macrostachyus Hocsht: Ex Del. (Euphorbiaceae) in Rodents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2809270. [PMID: 32351592 PMCID: PMC7171687 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2809270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Peptic ulcer disease causes significant mortality and morbidity. Plant kingdom provides a useful source for the development of new antiulcer agents. Croton macrostachyus is traditionally used to treat peptic ulcer in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of C. macrostachyus root extracts in rodents using different models. Methods The crude extract was obtained by cold maceration in 80% methanol and fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The antiulcer activity was evaluated using pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model in Sprague Dawley rats and acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model in Swiss albino mice. The test groups received three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the crude extract and fractions for 7 days before induction of ulcer. Positive controls received omeprazole 30 mg/kg for the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model and sucralfate 100 mg/kg for the acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model. Negative controls received vehicle (2% tween 80). Results The crude hydromethanolic extract of C. macrostachyus showed significant (p < 0.05) antiulcer activity on both pyloric ligation and HCl/ethanol-induced ulcer in rats and mice. It has antisecretary effect (p < 0.001) as well. All three administered doses of chloroform fraction (p < 0.05) and only higher doses of ethyl acetate fraction (p < 0.05) possessed significant antiulcer activity. In contrast, the aqueous fraction did not have significant antiulcer effect at all tested doses. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the crude extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions possessed significant dose-dependent antiulcer activity.
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Quinacrine causes apoptosis in human cancer cell lines through caspase-mediated pathway and regulation of small-GTPase. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Samanta A, Ravindran G, Sarkar A. Quinacrine causes apoptosis in human cancer cell lines through caspase-mediated pathway and regulation of small-GTPase. J Biosci 2020; 45:43. [PMID: 32098922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quinacrine (QC), an FDA-approved anti-malarial drug, has shown to have anticancer activities. Due to its 'shotgun' nature, QC has become an inevitable candidate for combination chemotherapy. There is lack of study of the molecular interplay between colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment and its metastasis. In this study, we focused on the differential anti-cancerous effect of QC on two different human cancer cell lines, HCT 116 and INT 407. Results suggest that cytotoxicity increased in both the cell lines with an increase in QC concentration. The expression patterns of small-GTPases and caspases were altered significantly in QC-treated cells compared to non-treated cells. HSP70 and p53 showed comparable differences in the expression pattern. The wound-healing assay showed an increase in the denuded zone, with an increase in the concentration of QC. The formation of apoptotic nuclei increased with a rise in the concentration of QC in both the cell lines. The decrease and increase in caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression respectively were studied, confirming apoptosis by the extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Samanta
- CMBL, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar 403 726, India
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73
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Ofusori AE, Moodley R, Jonnalagadda SB. Antiulcerogenic effects of Celosia trigyna plant extracts on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in adult Wistar rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:586-593. [PMID: 33134135 PMCID: PMC7588333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gastric ulcer is a chronic disease and serious health issue. Celosia trigyna is a medicinal plant used traditionally for wound healing. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from Celosia trigyna and to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-ulcerogenic effects of the extracts on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer on adult Wistar rats to determine their regenerative potential. Experimental procedure Seven groups (A – negative control, B – vehicle control, C, D, E, F and G – positive control, n = 5) of five adult Wistar rats received treatment for ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Results and conclusion Phytochemical analysis led to the isolation of chondrillasterol, lutein, pheophytin a and chondrillasterol acetate. The in vitro results showed dichloromethane and hexane extracts to have maximum chymotrypsin inhibition relative to the standard (chymostatin) while in vivo results showed a significant increase in ulcer parameters of the vehicle control relative to groups treated with plant extracts (P < 0.05). Ulcer parameters and DNA density in groups treated with dichloromethane and hexane extracts were comparable to the negative control. Gross and histopathological findings confirmed gastric mucosa lesions in the vehicle control. There were mild ulcerations in groups treated with the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with no observable ulcerations in the groups treated with dichloromethane and hexane extracts as the histoarchitectural outlines do not show any form of necrosis, distortion or cellular vacuolation. It was concluded that non-polar, hydrophobic compounds are able to remediate the degree of ulceration but not polar compounds. Pheophytin a, chondrillasterol acetate, chondrillasterol and lutein were isolated. Plant extracts showed maximum in vitro chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. There was total amelioration of ulcer in groups treated with plant extracts. Ulcer index for extracts was close to negative and positive controls. The DNA density was improved in groups treated with plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Antioxidant and Antiulcerogenic Activity of the Dry Extract of Pods of Libidibia ferrea Mart. ex Tul. (Fabaceae). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1983137. [PMID: 31827669 PMCID: PMC6886323 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1983137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal studies in the Amazon community and in the Northeast region of Brazil highlight the use of Libidibia ferrea fruits for the treatment of gastric problems. However, there are no data in the literature of this pharmacological activity. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the use of the dry extract of L. ferrea pods (DELfp) for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Phytochemical characterization was performed by HPLC/MS. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The gastroprotective activity, the ability to stimulate mucus production, the antisecretory activity, and the influence of -SH and NO compounds on the antiulcerogenic activity of DELfp were evaluated. The healing activity was determined by the acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was investigated. HPLC/MS results identified the presence of phenolic compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid, in DELfp. The extract showed antioxidant activity in vitro. In ulcers induced by absolute ethanol and acidified ethanol, the ED50 values of DELfp were 113 and 185.7 mg/kg, respectively. DELfp (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) inhibited indomethacin-induced lesions by 66.7, 69.6, and 65.8%, respectively. DELfp (200 mg/kg) reduced gastric secretion and H+ concentration in the gastric contents and showed to be independent of nitric oxide (NO) and dependent on sulfhydryl (-SH) compounds in the protection of the gastric mucosa. In the chronic ulcer model, DELfp reduced the area of the gastric lesion. DELfp also showed anti-H. pylori activity. In conclusion, DELfp showed antioxidant, gastroprotective, healing, and antiulcerogenic activities. The mechanism of these actions seems to be mediated by different pathways and involves the reduction of gastric secretion and H+ concentration, dependence on sulfhydryl compounds, and anti-H. pylori activity. All these actions support the medicinal use of this species in the management of peptic ulcers.
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Protective effect of the solvent extracts of Portulacca oleracea against acidified ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rabbits. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:301-310. [PMID: 31742437 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1691584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Portulacca oleracea L. has been used for treatment of different ailments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and possible mechanism of action involved in the anti gastric ulcerogenic effect of Portulacca oleracea. Methanolic extract & subsequent fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of Portulacca oleracea (P. oleracea) were administered orally to experimental rabbits one hour before oral administration of HCl/ethanol (40:60). Anti gastric ulcerogenic potential of P. oleracea was evaluated by assessment of gastric pH, pepsin, free acidity, ulcer index, mucus content and total acidity. For the investigation of possible mechanism of action malondialdehyde (MDA), histamine, and H + K + ATPase content were determined in the stomach homogenate. Histopathological study of stomach tissue was carried out by H&E dye. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of P. oleracea was the most potent fraction among all fractions that exhibited efficient protection against acidified ethanol mediated gastric-ulcer. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) significantly increased the pH of gastric juice, while pepsin and histamine was observed to decrease significantly in comparison to acidified ethanol group (***p ≤ 0.001). The EAF showed moderately H + K + ATPase inhibitory activity. Moreover, it was also observed that EAF decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the stomach tissue homogenate showing antioxidant effect. Histopathological studies showed that among the tested fractions, EAF significantly prevented acidified ethanol induced gastric mucosal damage. These results showed that mechanism of anti gastric ulcerogenic potential of P. oleracea could be associated with the reduction in histamine level, H + K + ATPase inhibition and reduced MDA level.
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Determination of biologically active phenolic compounds in propolis by LC–MS/MS according to seasons and altitudes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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78
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Simões S, Lopes R, Campos MCD, Marruz MJ, da Cruz MEM, Corvo L. Animal models of acute gastric mucosal injury: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:121-126. [PMID: 31392305 PMCID: PMC6600656 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastric mucosal injury is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and the search for new therapeutics is ongoing. The aim of this study is to update and expand the information related to the most widely used rat models of acute gastric ulcer, the ethanol-induced ulcer and the indomethacin-induced ulcer. These two models are compared in terms of macroscopic and microscopic features. Experimentally, ethanol was given orally in a single dose and indomethacin was subcutaneously injected into male Wistar rats. After ulcerative challenges, the stomachs were removed and visually inspected. Anti-ulcerative drugs were used to validate the models. Histological analysis of the stomachs determined the microscopic score. The methodology used for model evaluation applied to macroscopic and microscopic gastric lesions. With these methods it was possible to induce lesions in the gastric mucosa. Microscopic evaluation permitted assessment of the inflammatory and apoptotic impact in the mucosa not observable by macroscopic evaluation. Groups of animals were treated with two standard drugs: sulcralfate suspension or lansoprazole solution. Both drugs reduced macroscopic and microscopic lesions, particularly the hemorrhagic ones. Both models induced acute gastric mucosal injury and no single evaluation method can address all the aspects of the pathology of gastric lesions. As a complement to macroscopic evaluation, microscopy appears to be a relevant tool to selectively identify specific aspects of the development of mucosal injury, quantify the extent of lesions, and contribute to an appropriate interpretation of results. The score systems established here offer a reliable method for testing antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Simões
- Faculdade de FarmáciaInstituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rui Lopes
- Faculdade de FarmáciaInstituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Maria Celeste Dias Campos
- Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaHospital Curry CabralLisboaPortugal
- ANATOMIKAvenida Campo Grande 1681700‐094LisboaPortugal
| | | | | | - Luísa Corvo
- Faculdade de FarmáciaInstituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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Areche C, Fernandez-Burgos R, Cano T, Simirgiotis M, García-Beltrán O, Borquez J, Sepulveda B. Mulinum crassifolium Phil; Two New Mulinanes, Gastroprotective Activity and Metabolomic Analysis by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091673. [PMID: 31035428 PMCID: PMC6539732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulinum crassifolium Phil. (Apiaceae) is an endemic shrub from Chile commonly used as infusion in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, bronchial and intestinal disorders and stomach ailments, including ulcers. From the EtOAc extract of this plant, the new mulinane-type diterpenoids 3 and 5 were isolated along with three known diterpenoids. The gastroprotective effect of the infusion of the plant was assayed to support the traditional use and a fast HPLC analysis using high resolution techniques was performed to identify the bioactive constituents. The EtOAc extract and the edible infusion showed gastroprotective effect at 100 mg/kg in the HCl/EtOH induced gastric ulcer model in mice, reducing lesions by 33% and 74%, respectively. Finally, a metabolomic profiling based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/HRMS of the edible infusion was performed and thirty-five compounds were tentatively identified including quercetin, caffeic acid, apigenine glucoside, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acids, and caffeoylquinic acids, which have been associated previously with gastroprotective and antiulcer properties. This scientific evidence can support the contribution of polyphenols in the gastroprotective activity of the edible infusion of this plant, and can validate at least in part, its ethnopharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ronald Fernandez-Burgos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 68513, Perú.
| | - Teresa Cano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa 68513, Perú.
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av Coloso S-N, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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Arunachalam K, Damazo AS, Pavan E, Oliveira DM, Figueiredo FDF, Machado MTM, Balogun SO, Soares IM, Barbosa RDS, Alvim TDC, Ascêncio SD, Martins DTDO. Cochlospermum regium (Mart. ex Schrank) Pilg.: Evaluation of chemical profile, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of hydroethanolic extract of its xylopodium in acute and chronic experimental models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:101-114. [PMID: 30611907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cochlospermum regium (Bixaceae) is a native shrub of Brazil and its xylopodium (infusion/decoction) is being used for the treatment of gastritis, ulcers, arthritis, intestinal infections, gynaecological infections, skin diseases, among others. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective/antiulcer activity and the mechanism of action of hydroethanolic extract of C. regium xylopodium (HECr), using in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, phytochemical constituents were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS C. regium xylopodium was macerated with ethanol/water to obtain the HECr. The phytochemical characterisation was carried out by HPLC. The antiulcer efficacy of HECr (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using acute acidified ethanol (HCl/EtOH), piroxicam and water immersion-induced experimental ulcer models. Chronic gastric ulcer healing activity of HECr was evaluated through acetic acid (99.8%) - induced model. Histological analysis and myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) activities were also evaluated in chronic ulcer induced gastric tissues. The plausible mode of action of the HECr was assessed by estimation of gastric wall mucus production and the role of gastric secretion in pylorus ligature. The animals were also pre-treated with various inhibitors which includes indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, glibenclamide, a ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K+ATP) blocker (5 mg/kg, p.o.) or yohimbine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In vitro, Helicobacter pylori action was done by broth microdilution method. RESULTS The HPLC analysis data revealed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, myricetin, morin and kaempferol. HECr promoted protective effect against acute ulcers induced by HCl/EtOH with inhibitions of 47.52% (p < 0.01) and 62.69% (p < 0.001) at 100 and 400 mg/kg, and in piroxicam by 34.11% (p < 0.05), 49.14% (p < 0.01) and 61.34% (p < 0.001), at 25, 100 or 400 mg/kg, respectively, and in water restraint stress by 78.26% inhibition, p < 0.001, at the dose of 400 mg/kg when compared to the vehicle control group respectively. In the chronic gastric ulcer model, HECr (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the injured area by 58.80%, 77.87% and 71.10% respectively. Histological examination indicated that oral treatment of HECr promoted healing of gastric lesions by regenerating gastric mucosa layer with less inflammatory cells. HECr augmented the GSH, CAT activities and reduced MPO level. The pre-treatment with HECr increased the gastric wall mucus production. It also significantly altered the gastric secretion parameters by causing the reduction in the gastric juice volume, elevated the pH level and reduced the total acidity at all doses tested when compared with the vehicle group. HECr at the most active dose (100 mg/kg) reversed completely the reduction of PGs, NO production, closure of K+ATP- channels and α2-adrenoreceptor blockage - induced damages. In microdilution assay, the HECr showed good anti-Helicobacter pylori effect with MIC = 100 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The HECr presented preventive and curative effects in the experimental gastric ulcer models, besides good anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, which supports the traditional medicinal use of the xylopodium of this plant for gastrointestinal diseases. The underlying mechanisms of this antiulcerogenic/antiulcer action involve, at least, augmentation of mucus production, inhibition of gastric secretion, stimulation of PGs and NO synthesis. And that it involves activation of K+ATP channels and α-2-adrenergic receptors, in addition to an antioxidant activity, probably due to the presence of gallic acid and flavonoids in HECr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Área de Histologia e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Darley Maria Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Freitas Figueiredo
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Marco Tulio Marra Machado
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Curso de Farmácia, Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso, Associação Juinense de Ensino Superior (AJES), Juína, MT 78320-000, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
| | - Robson Dos Santos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
| | - Tarso da Costa Alvim
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Agroenergy Post Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil
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Sistani Karampour N, Arzi A, Rezaie A, Pashmforoosh M, Kordi F. Gastroprotective Effect of Zingerone on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E64. [PMID: 30862060 PMCID: PMC6473471 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Zingerone is an ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with different pharmacological activities. Several studies have investigated the effect of zingerone on various gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of zingerone on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced by ethanol (96%, 5 mL/kg, po) in male wistar rats and zingerone (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administrated orally. Normal saline and ranitidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. In this study, the number and length of ulcers, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in stomach tissues were determined. Results: The findings showed that the mean number and length of gastric ulcers were significantly lower in zingerone-received groups than ethanol group (P < 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde was decreased in the stomach of zingerone groups (P < 0.05) compared to the ethanol group. In addition, zingerone treatment prevented the decrease of nitric oxide level by ethanol in the stomach tissue. Conclusions: The present study showed that zingerone has a protective effect on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, which may be due to its free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sistani Karampour
- Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Arzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
| | - Anahita Rezaie
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Pashmforoosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran.
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Almeida GVBD, Arunachalam K, Balogun SO, Pavan E, Ascêncio SD, Soares IM, Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Macho A, Oliveira Martins DTD. Chemical characterization and evaluation of gastric antiulcer properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the stem bark of Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:113-124. [PMID: 30415060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Virola elongata is a tree species belonging to the Myristicaceae family, distributed in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, in the phytogeographic domain of the Amazon. The aqueous infusion or the hydroethanolic macerate of the stem bark of V. elongata are used in Brazilian and Ecuadorian indigenous folk medicine for several ethnopharmacological purposes, principally, in the treatment of stomach pain, indigestions, and gastric ulcers. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity of this plant in order to support its popular use with scientific evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The stem bark hydroethanolic extract of the plant (HEVe) was prepared by maceration. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated by classical colorimetric techniques, HPLC, and electrospray ionization-multiple stage fragmentation (ESI-MSn). The gastroprotective and antiulcer activity of HEVe at doses of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg p.o. were tested using three acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam, and in-water-restrain stress), and one chronic (acetic acid) animal ulcer models. The probable mode of action of the HEVe was evaluated by analyzing gastric acid secretion, mucus content, nitric oxide effect, and its antioxidant properties (on catalase, myeloperoxidase, and GSH content) in experimental rodents. The direct extract's activity on the growth of Helicobacter pylori was also investigated. RESULTS Total phenolic content in the HEVe was of 146.20 ± 1.07 mg, being flavonoids about 50% (71.79 ± 0.70 mg) of it. Comparative HPLC fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of known phenolic antiulcer compounds, such as gallic acid, catechin, and rutin. Also, methanol/water fractionation and ESI-MSn analysis of the HEVe reveals the presence of quinic acid, 3,3',4-trihydroxystilbene, juruenolid D, one catechin dimer, one C-glycosyl flavonoid, one polyketide and two neolignans as the major components of the extract. The HEVe attenuated gastric ulceration in all the different models of acute gastric ulcer, by enhancing gastroprotection through its antioxidant properties in vivo, and reducing also considerably the gastric secretion and total acidity. The HEVe also presented healing properties against the induced chronic ulceration process. On the other hand, the HEVe did not exhibit direct activity against H. pylori. CONCLUSION The HEVe exhibited significant gastroprotective/antiulcer effects and contain a relative high proportion of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, that could likely account, at least in part, for its pharmacological properties. The results justify its traditional usage and provided scientific evidence for its potential as a new herbal medicine to treat gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Vieira Botelho de Almeida
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Curso de Farmácia, Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso, Associação Juinense de Ensino Superior (AJES), Juína, MT 78320-000, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, TO 77020-210, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, TO 77020-210, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macho
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
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Gastroprotective Effects of Pistacia atlantica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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84
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Cheng YT, Lin JA, Jhang JJ, Yen GC. Protocatechuic acid-mediated DJ-1/PARK7 activation followed by PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway activation as a novel mechanism for protection against ketoprofen-induced oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:35-47. [PMID: 30326282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastrointestinal (GI) cell apoptosis. In our previous study, we reported that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a protective role against ketoprofen-induced GI mucosal oxidative injury. Recent reports suggest that Nrf2 could exhibit antioxidative and antiapoptosis responses through up-regulation of DJ-1 (PARK7). In the current study, we proposed that induction of DJ-1 expression by protocatechuic acid (PCA) might provide a potential therapeutic approach for treating oxidative stress-associated GI ulcer diseases. The results indicated that PCA increased mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase-1 through up-regulation of DJ-1 followed by Nrf2 translocation. Furthermore, PCA protected Int-407 cells against ketoprofen-induced oxidative stress by regulating the DJ-1, PI3K, and mTOR pathways. Pretreatment with PCA inhibited mitochondrial ROS generation, up-regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential, and down-regulated pro-apoptotic Bax as well as downstream caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activity, and reversed impaired DJ-1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression in Int-407 cells induced by ketoprofen. Similar to the in vitro results, SD rats treated with PCA before administration of ketoprofen exhibited decreased caspase-3 protein expression as well as oxidative damage, and impairment of the antioxidant system and DJ-1 protein expression in the GI mucosa were reversed. The administration of lansoprazole, a type of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), strongly inhibited ketoprofen-induced GI mucosal injuries via up-regulation of DJ-1, indicating that DJ-1 is essential for the dietary antioxidant- and PPI drug-mediated mechanism of ulcer therapy. These results suggest that DJ-1 could be a novel target for protection against ketoprofen-induced GI ulcers due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jer-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jia Jhang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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85
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Aziz RS, Siddiqua A, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Naseem N. Oxyresveratrol ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via downregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and COX-2 levels, and upregulation of TFF-2 levels. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:554-560. [PMID: 30530291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol, an active ingredient of Artocarpus lakoocha, is known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Current study investigates the immunomodulatory effect of oxyresveratrol in mouse model of ethanol-induced ulcer. Anti-ulcer effect was determined using histopathological evaluation (H&E staining) and different tests like, gastric ulcer scoring, ulcer index, total acid secretion, and gastric pH. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and trefoil factor 2 (TFF-2) were evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data showed marked percentage inhibition of erosion, hemorrhage, fibrinoid necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, and ulcer in low (30 mg/kg b.w.) and high dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) groups of oxyresveratrol. Treatment with oxyresveratrol inhibited ulcer score and ulcer index as compared with disease control group. Oxyresveratrol significantly increased gastric pH (P < 0.001) and attenuated total acid (P < 0.001) secretion. RT-PCR analysis showed significant suppression in the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P < 0.01), NF-ĸB (P < 0.001), and COX-2 (P < 0.05) in oxyresveratrol treated groups, while COX-1 expression levels were found unaltered. Treatment with oxyresveratrol significantly elevated (P < 0.01) the expression levels of cytoprotective TFF-2 levels. Similar Immunomodulatory and anti-ulcer effects were found with ranitidine treatment, which was used as a reference drug. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol possess significant anti-ulcer property which might be attributed to attenuated expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and COX-2 and elevated expression levels of TFF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Salman Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arfah Siddiqua
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Gujrat campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Department of Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Artemisia campestris L.: review on taxonomical aspects, cytogeography, biological activities and bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1884-1906. [PMID: 30551444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae) is a polymorphic species that consists of many subspecies and varieties. It is known for its medicinal, pharmacological, and culinary properties. This review is undertaken with the aim to highlight some aspects of this plant, specifically the taxonomy, the cytogeography, the phytochemistry with an emphasis on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the main bioactive compounds of A. campestris L. in addition to its biological properties and the food control properties. The bibliographic data compiled in this review allowed the revision of 146 papers, by using different databases and scientific engines, such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, and google scholar. The taxonomic analysis has embedded A. campestris L. in the tribe Anthemideae, and the genus Artemisia L. Also many subtaxa have been identified, and a subspecific classification of this species has been established on the basis of its botanical characters. The cytogenetic findings evidenced that A.campestris L. is prevailed by the chromosome number x = 9, with a polyploidization degree ranging from diploidy to hexaploidy according to the geographical distribution of the plant populations, while the genome size seems to be proportional to the ploidy level, suggesting an adaptive trait of the cytotypes to new environments. This plant is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenic compounds, which substantiate the bioactivities attributed to its extracts and essential oil. Hence, the SAR of the main bioactive compounds of A. campestris L., mainly the prominent flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes revealed a tight link between specific chemical entities of the bioactive compound and the respective biological activity. Many biological activities were approached in this review, mainly the antioxidant, antivenom, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-leishmaniasis, antinociceptive, wound healing, and analgesic activities in addition to the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective actions. Finally, the food preservative ability of the extracts and essential oil obtained from A.campestris L. have been fully discussed. The present review contributes to the literature, by bringing more clarifications about the different aspects of A.campestris L., like taxonomy, cytogeography and biological interests of this species. The SAR approach of some constituents that occur in A.campestris L., gives a solid support that can be used to explore the bioactivity of components isolated from this species, while the preservative properties of this plant can be usefully exploited for the agrifood sector.
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87
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Sayed DA, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR. Echinochrome pigment as novel therapeutic agent against experimentally - induced gastric ulcer in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:90-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) prevents indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Food Res Int 2018; 119:751-760. [PMID: 30884712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs is the most common cause of gastric ulcer disease, one of the major gastrointestinal disorders affecting people worldwide. Persea americana Mill. (avocado) seed is a by-product generally discarded as waste, but can be used to treat gastric disorder due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds (SEAP) extracts against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. It was found that SEAP were effective in mitigating oxidative stress through a decrease on the oxidized products levels (reduction of 90% in lipid peroxidation in plasma) and increasing superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity (4.25-fold increase compared to the indomethacin group), also preventing the rise in ulcer and lesions areas (92% of protection) and histological changes induced by indomethacin. Chemical analysis using mass spectrometry by (-)-ESI-FT-ICR MS revealed the presence of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, confirmed by HPLC-DAD, and other important phenolic compounds in avocado seeds, such as caffeoylquinic acid, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and tannins, substances that promote inhibition of pathways involved in gastric ulcer formation. Thus, avocado seeds extract may be a suitable natural source for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer.
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89
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Balogun ME, Besong EE, Obimma JN, Mbamalu OS, Djobissie FSA. Protective roles of Vigna subterranea (Bambara nut) in rats with aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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90
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Aguiar Galvão WR, Braz Filho R, Canuto KM, Ribeiro PRV, Campos AR, Moreira ACOM, Silva SO, Mesquita Filho FA, S A A R S, Melo Junior JMA, Gonçalves NGG, Fonseca SGC, Bandeira MAM. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities integrated to chemical composition of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão - A conservationist proposal for the species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:177-189. [PMID: 29689352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-Sertão), Anacardiaceae, is one of the most used plants in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil as an anti-inflammatory, healing and antiulcer. This species is threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. The importance of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a conservationist model of replacement of the M. urundeuva adult tree (inner bark) for its under developing plants (shoots) in order to ensure the preservation of this species, but also to ensure sufficient raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize chemically and assess the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the fluid extracts from M. urundeuva innebark (adult plant) as well as stem and leaves of shoots (young plant). MATERIALS AND METHODS The fluid extracts were prepared by maceration-percolation with hydroalcoholic solution according to the methodology described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. These extracts were cleaned-up through solid phase extraction (SPE) and chemically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS). Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts (700 or 1000 mg/kg) were assessed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Croton oil-induced ear edema in rats, respectively. The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. RESULTS The UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis evidenced the presence of chalcones, flavonoids and tannins. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities achieved with fluid extracts from the stems and leaves was similar to inner bark. The fluid extracts were not toxic. CONCLUSION It is possible to replace the inner bark of the adult tree for the stems and leaves from the shoots as raw material to be used in the preparation of its the phytotherapeutics. Therefore, this finding may help in the implementation of public policies that ensure the conservation of the species along with its sustainable use for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Aguiar Galvão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil; Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - R Braz Filho
- Researcher Emeritus, FAPERJ/Chemistry Department - UFRRJ, Brazil
| | - K M Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P R V Ribeiro
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A R Campos
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A C O M Moreira
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - S O Silva
- Quixeramobim University (UNIQ), Ceará, Brazil
| | - F A Mesquita Filho
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Santos S A A R
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M A Melo Junior
- Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - N G G Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - M A M Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
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91
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Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye OS, Alabi QK, Ogundipe L, Omole JG, Olamilosoye KP. Protective Effects of Methanol Extract of Vernonia amygdalina ( del.) Leaf on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulceration and Oxidative Mucosal Damage in a Rat Model of Gastric Injury. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818785087. [PMID: 30013459 PMCID: PMC6043926 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818785087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration of the extract also significantly attenuates necrosis of the stomach tissue of the ulcerated rats. The results suggested that the MEVA leaf, preferably at 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight, ameliorated aspirin-induced gastric ulceration via antioxidative and H2 receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat A Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olumide S Akinsomisoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Quadri K Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Laofe Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde P Olamilosoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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92
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Moharram FAE, Al-Gendy AA, El-Shenawy SM, Ibrahim BM, Zarka MA. Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities of Pimenta racemosa leaves. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 29976187 PMCID: PMC6034294 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pimenta racemosa tree has many traditional uses where its leaves are used as herbal tea for treatment of flatulence, gastric disorder, osteoarthritis, colds and fever in addition to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. So, this study aimed to isolate phenolic constituents of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of leaves and evaluate its biological activities. METHODS The defatted AME was chromatographed and structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, NMR spectroscopy and UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan - induced paw oedema, while antinociceptive activity was determined by chemical and thermal stimuli. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of AME against gastric damage induced by ethanol in Wister male albino rats was evaluated. Also, hepatoprotective activity was investigated through determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following oral administration of paracetamol. Both of Anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) were supported by histopathological examinations. RESULTS Gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), avicularin (3), quercetin 3-O-β-D-arbinopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetrin (6), cynaroside (7), strictinin (8), castalagin (9), grandinin (10) quercetin (11) and ellagic acid (12) were isolated. AME showed significant radical scavenging activity (SC50 = 4.6 μg/mL), promising anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of oedema and antinociceptive activity by reduction in number of writhes after acetic acid injection and prolongation of reaction time towards the thermal stimulus. AME reduced the gastric mucosal lesions compared with ethanol control and ranitidine groups, ALT at the three doses and AST only at 125 and 250 mg/kg b.wt., when compared with paracetamol group. The results were confirmed by histopathological studies. CONCLUSION P. racemosa leaves are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal Amin Al-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | | | - Bassant M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zarka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern Sciences and Arts University, 6 October City, Egypt
- Present Address: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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93
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Hatware KV, Sharma S, Patil K, Shete M, Karri S, Gupta G. Evidence for gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma leaves on indomethacin and stress induced gastric lesions in Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:317-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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94
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Asnaashari S, Dastmalchi S, Javadzadeh Y. Gastroprotective effects of herbal medicines (roots). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1473876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavash Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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95
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Perveen S, Fawzy GA, Al-Taweel AM, Orfali RS, Yusufoglu HS, Abdel-Kader MS, Al-Sabbagh RM. Antiulcer Activity of Different Extracts of Anvillea garcinii and Isolation of Two New Secondary Metabolites. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnvillea garcinii (AG, Asteraceae) commonly called “nougd” in Arabic is traditionally used for the treatment of different gastrointestinal disorders. This study evaluates the effects of ethanol, chloroform and n-butanol extracts of AG on ulcerative colitis induced by various ulcerogens in rats and the isolation of new secondary metabolites. Ethanol extracts of the leaf of the AG demonstrated a powerful anti-ulcer activity which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of its constituents. Therefore, our results would be the first proof of traditional use of AG as an antiulcer ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Ahmed Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt
| | - Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raha Saud Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.0. Box 173, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Saad Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.0. Box 173, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria21215, Egypt
| | - Ruba Mahmoud Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Carrillo W, Monteiro KM, Martínez-Maqueda D, Ramos M, Recio I, Carvalho JED. Antiulcerative Activity of Milk Proteins Hydrolysates. J Med Food 2018; 21:408-415. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilman Carrillo
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
- Research Department Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Bolivar State University, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Martínez-Maqueda
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramos
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidra Recio
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Samardžić S, Arsenijević J, Božić D, Milenković M, Tešević V, Maksimović Z. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Filipendula vulgaris Moench. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:132-137. [PMID: 29132911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) and dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris Moench) are herbaceous perennials employed in folk medicine for their antirheumatic, antipyretic and anti-ulcer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess ethnomedicinal claims through investigation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of F. ulmaria and F. vulgaris lyophilized flower infusions (LFIs) as well as the F. vulgaris isolated flavonoids spiraeoside, kaempferol 4'-O-glucoside, astragalin 2'-O-gallate, mixture of hyperoside 2'-O-gallate and isoquercitrin 2'-O-gallate, and a tannin tellimagrandin II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Free radical scavenging activity of the tested samples was determined by examining their ability to neutralize DPPH and OH radicals in vitro, whereas reducing properties were assessed in Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied ex vivo in human platelets by monitoring the effect on eicosanoid biosynthesis. Gastroprotective action was estimated in animal model of acute gastric injury induced by ethanol. RESULTS LFIs and spiraeoside exerted activities comparable to those of positive control in DPPH-radical scavenging and FRAP antioxidant assays, whereas notable hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was demonstrated only for spiraeoside (IC50 = 5.1μg/mL). Among tested samples, astragalin 2″-O-gallate (IC50 = 141.1μg/mL) and spiraeoside (IC50 = 4.69μg/mL) the most markedly inhibited production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 and 12(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid in human platelets, respectively. Examination of LFIs (100-300mg/kg, p.o.) gastroprotective action in rats revealed their capacity to preserve mucosal integrity. In addition, spiraeoside (50mg/kg, p.o.) and tellimagrandin II (40mg/kg, p.o.) showed ulcer preventive ability. CONCLUSION Current study supports documented traditional use of investigated herbs and indicates that flavonoid and tannin components are partially responsible for the demonstrated pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Samardžić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Arsenijević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Božić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Maksimović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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98
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Wang Y, Wang SL, Zhang JY, Song XN, Zhang ZY, Li JF, Li S. Anti-ulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials of the ethyl acetate fraction of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) in rodent. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:197-206. [PMID: 28964871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) has been widely used in Chinese folk medicine due to its wide distribution throughout the country, for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including heat and cold, sore throat, fever, fungal infection, inflammation, toothache, rheumatism, burn, analgesic, ulcer and urinary diseases. However, the effect of P. alkekengi var. franchetii on ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection has not been reported to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of the crude aqueous methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plant P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of the crude extract of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii (PAF) was evaluated in rats. The petroleum ether fraction (PEF), butanol fraction (BF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AF) of crude aqueous methanolic extract from PAF were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer potential at doses of 100, 250 and 500mg/kg (p.o.), using carrageenin-induced hind paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric lesions test in rats. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of EAF was assayed subsequently. In addition, three doses of EAF were evaluated for analgesic activity using hot plate and writhing tests, respectively. Finally, we performed a phytochemical analysis of EAF. RESULTS Four fractions of crude extract from PAF significantly reduced the paw volume in carrageenin-induced hind paw edema model at different doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg, p.o.). The fraction EAF at a dose of 500mg/kg exhibited the highest (75.92%) (0.150 ± 0.045***, ***p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory potential, which is similar to indomethacin (***P < 0.001)(0.120 ± 0.014***, 80.74% inhibition of inflammation) at 5mg/kg. Pretreatment with EAF (500mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the intensity of gastric mucosal damage and showed higher gastroprotective activity (90.6%) when compared to the standard drug famotidine (84.6%). In addition, EAF fraction also showed a moderate (P < 0.05) anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 500μg/ml. Furthermore, pain sensation was effectively inhibited at 500mg/kg, p.o. of EAF as manifested by an increase (p < 0.001) of latency time in hot plate from 30 to 90min and a decrease (p < 0.001) in count of writhing induced by acetic acid. By HPLC, we determined some steroid, terpenoid and flavonoids (four compounds): kaempferol, quercetin, Blumenol A and physalindicanols A, which were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra analysis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of EAF of the crude extract from PAF thus justifying its traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Sui Lou Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiong Yi Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Ning Song
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Zhi Yong Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jing Feng Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
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Aragão TP, Prazeres LDKTD, Brito SA, Neto PJR, Rolim LA, Almeida JRGDS, Caldas GFR, Wanderley AG. Contribution of Secondary Metabolites to the Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) Stem Bark in Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:E112. [PMID: 29315228 PMCID: PMC6017445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is used in ethnomedicine as cicatrizant and for the treatment of gastric disorders. This study identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of X. americana (XaAE) and evaluated its antiulcerogenic activity. After lyophilization, XaAE was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its antiulcerogenic effect was evaluated in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, acidified ethanol, and indomethacin. Antisecretory action, mucus production and the participation of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and nitric oxide (NO) were also investigated. The chromatographic analysis identified procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin as major compounds. Oral administration of XaAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (76.1%, 77.5% and 100%, respectively), acidified ethanol (44.9%, 80.6% and 94.9%, respectively) and indomethacin (56.4%, 52.7% and 64.9%, respectively). XaAE reduced gastric contents and acidity (51.4% and 67.7%, respectively) but did not alter the production of gastric mucus. The reduction of the -SH and NO groups promoted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) respectively, reduced the gastroprotective effect of XaAE. In conclusion, XaAE has gastroprotective activity mediated in part by -SH, NO and antisecretory activity. This antiulcer action was initially correlated to its major constituents, procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Parente Aragão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina 56328-903, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Samara Alves Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central of Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Germana Freire Rocha Caldas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil.
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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Pereira ACH, Lenz D, Nogueira BV, Scherer R, Andrade TU, da Costa HB, Romão W, Pereira TMC, Endringer DC. Gastroprotective activity of the resin from Virola oleifera. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:472-480. [PMID: 27937036 PMCID: PMC6130730 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1251467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The resin from the trunk wood of Virola oleifera (Schott) A. C. Smith (Myristicaceae) is used in folk medicine to hasten wound repair and to treat pain and inflammatory conditions, and our previous report indicated the anti-oxidative properties in other oxidative stress model. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of resin from V. oleifera in two experimental models of gastric ulcer oxidative-stress dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material was collected and the resin was subjected to partitioning with organic solvents. The buthanol fraction was subjected to chromatographic and spectrometric methods for isolation and structural elucidation. The resin was quantified for polyphenols and flavonoids by colorimetric methods. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of resin was determined by three different methods. The ulcers were induced acutely in Swiss male mice with ethanol/HCl and indomethacin using single-doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to reference control lansoprazole (3 mg/kg). RESULTS The high content of polyphenols (∼82%) and the presence of epicatechin and eriodictyol were determined. The LD50 was estimated at 2500 mg/kg. At minimum (10 mg/kg) and maximum (100 mg/kg) dosage of resin, both in ethanol/HCl as indomethacin ulcer induction models demonstrate reduction of lesions (minimum: ∼97% and ∼66%; maximum: ∼95% and ∼59%). DISCUSSION The gastroprotection might be related to tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids present in the resin by antioxidant properties. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this resin has gastroprotective activity probably associated with the presence of phenolic antioxidant substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Uggere Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson Romão
- Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brasil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Thiago Melo Costa Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Denise Coutinho Endringer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, Brazil
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