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Seyyedsalehi MS, Collatuzzo G, Huybrechts I, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Safari-Faramani R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Pukkala E, Gunter MJ, Chajes V, Boffetta P, Zendehdel K. Association between dietary fat intake and colorectal cancer: A multicenter case-control study in Iran. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017720. [PMID: 36466398 PMCID: PMC9709886 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolving trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) as one of the most common malignancies worldwide, have likely been influenced by the implementation of screening programs and changes in lifestyle habits. Changing lifestyle, including the shift in diet composition with higher fat, sugar, and animal-source foods intake, led to an increasing burden of CRC in countries undergoing rapid socioeconomic improvement. Results for the link between specific fatty acids (FAs) and CRC are generally inconclusive and more limited in developing countries than elsewhere. This study aims to investigate the association between FA intakes and CRC and its anatomical subsites in a large Iranian case-control study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on dietary intake in 865 cases and 3206 controls. We conducted multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We found positive association between CRC and high intake of dietary total fat (OR highest quartile Q4 = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.32-2.38), cholesterol (ORQ4 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.22-2.05), and palmitoleic acid (ORQ4 = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.91), and an inverse association with high intake of dietary heptanoic acid (ORQ4 = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.79) and low intake of palmitic acid (OR lowest quartile Q2 = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.88). None of the fat variables were associated with rectal cancer. Our study suggests that the recommendation of limited consumption of fats may decrease the risk of CRC among the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry - Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vergne-Salle P, Salle L, Fressinaud-Marie AC, Descamps-Deplas A, Montestruc F, Bonnet C, Bertin P. Diet and Disease Activity in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: SpondyloArthritis and NUTrition Study (SANUT). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224730. [PMID: 36432416 PMCID: PMC9695957 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients with inflamed intestines have higher SpA activity. Diets that modulate microbiota may influence inflammation and SpA activity. Today, data concerning the impact of diet on SpA activity are scarce. SANUT was a single-center, noninterventional, cohort study that assessed dietetic profiles associated with SpA activity in axSpA. Demographic, clinical, SpA-related, quality of life (QoL), fatigue, physical activity, and dietary data were collected. SpA activity was assessed by Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). We assessed whether high SpA activity was associated with nutriment consumption. Between 12 February 2018 and 12 February 2020, 278 patients participated. High SpA activity, as measured by ASDAS and BASDAI, was significantly associated with higher body mass index and waist circumference, negative HLA-B27, lower QoL, higher fatigue, and higher digestive-symptom scores. Furthermore, high SpA activity, as measured by BASDAI, was associated with female sex, smoking status, patients who were not actively employed, reduced physical activity, and high intake of ultra-transformed foods, while high SpA activity, as measured by ASDAS, was associated with low intake of omega-3 PUFAs and fiber. Therefore, low intakes of omega-3 PUFAs and fiber, and high intake of ultra-transformed foods, are associated with high SpA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vergne-Salle
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Laboratory PEIRENE UR 22722 Institut OmegaHealth, 87042 Limoges, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurence Salle
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Inserm U1094, EpiMaCT—Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Anne Catherine Fressinaud-Marie
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Laboratory PEIRENE UR 22722 Institut OmegaHealth, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Adeline Descamps-Deplas
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Laboratory PEIRENE UR 22722 Institut OmegaHealth, 87042 Limoges, France
| | | | - Christine Bonnet
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Laboratory PEIRENE UR 22722 Institut OmegaHealth, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Bertin
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of Limoges and Laboratory PEIRENE UR 22722 Institut OmegaHealth, 87042 Limoges, France
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53
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High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Facilitates Cancer Growth-Currently Marketed Drugs Tadalafil, Isotretinoin, Colchicine, and Omega-3 to Reduce It: The TICO Regimen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194965. [PMID: 36230888 PMCID: PMC9564173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several elements that are composed of, or related to, neutrophils, have been shown to inhibit strong immune responses to cancer and promote cancers’ growth. This paper presents the collected data showing these elements and how their coordinated actions as an ensemble facilitate growth in the common cancers. The paper goes on to present a drug regimen, TICO, designed to reduce the cancer growth enhancing effects of the neutrophil related elements. TICO uses four already marketed, readily available generic drugs, repurposed to inhibit neutrophil centered growth facilitation of cancer. Abstract This paper presents remarkably uniform data showing that higher NLR is a robust prognostic indicator of shorter overall survival across the common metastatic cancers. Myeloid derived suppressor cells, the NLRP3 inflammasome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and absolute neutrophil count tend to all be directly related to the NLR. They, individually and as an ensemble, contribute to cancer growth and metastasis. The multidrug regimen presented in this paper, TICO, was designed to decrease the NLR with potential to also reduce the other neutrophil related elements favoring malignant growth. TICO is comprised of already marketed generic drugs: the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil, used to treat inadequate erections; isotretinoin, the retinoid used for acne treatment; colchicine, a standard gout (podagra) treatment; and the common fish oil supplement omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These individually impose low side effect burdens. The drugs of TICO are old, cheap, well known, and available worldwide. They all have evidence of lowering the NLR or the growth contributing elements related to the NLR when clinically used in general medicine as reviewed in this paper.
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Wang J, Cao X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. The function of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to cadmium exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023999. [PMID: 36248838 PMCID: PMC9558127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, pollution has become a part of our daily life with the improvement of life quality and the advancement of industry and heavy industry. In recent years, the adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), on human health have been widely discussed, particularly on the immune system. Here, this review summarizes the available evidence on how Cd exposure may affect health. By analyzing the general manifestations of inflammation caused by Cd exposure, we find that the role of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vivo can counteract Cd-induced harm. Additionally, we elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system, and analyze their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on Cd exposure. Overall, this review highlights the role of n-3 PUFAs in the pathological changes induced by Cd exposure. Although n-3 PUFAs remain to be verified whether they can be used as therapeutic agents, as rehabilitation therapy, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs is reliable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangping Yang,
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Pelosi AC, Fernandes AMAP, Maciel LF, Silva AAR, Mendes GC, Bueno LF, Silva LMF, Bredariol RF, Santana MG, Porcari AM, Priolli DG. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics: A useful tool for investigating tumor secretome based on a three-dimensional co-culture model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274623. [PMID: 36129929 PMCID: PMC9491614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, which more closely mimic the complex microenvironment of tissue, are being increasingly evaluated as a tool for the preclinical screening of clinically promising new molecules, and studying of tissue metabolism. Studies of metabolites released into the extracellular space (secretome) allow understanding the metabolic dynamics of tissues and changes caused by therapeutic interventions. Although quite advanced in the field of proteomics, studies on the secretome of low molecular weight metabolites (< 1500 Da) are still very scarce. We present an untargeted metabolomic protocol based on the hybrid technique of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites released into the culture medium by 3D cultures and co-culture (secretome model). For that we analyzed HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 3D-monoculture and 3D-co-culture. The putative identification of the metabolites indicated a sort of metabolites, among them arachidonic acid, glyceric acid, docosapentaenoic acid and beta-Alanine which are related to cancer and obesity. This protocol represents a possibility to list metabolites released in the extracellular environment in a comprehensive and untargeted manner, opening the way for the generation of metabolic hypotheses that will certainly contribute to the understanding of tissue metabolism, tissue-tissue interactions, and metabolic responses to the most varied interventions. Moreover, it brings the potential to determine novel pathways and accurately identify biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The metabolites indicated in our study have a close relationship with the tumor microenvironment in accordance with the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Pelosi
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria A. P. Fernandes
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Maciel
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex A. R. Silva
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia C. Mendes
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa F. Bueno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria F. Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Bredariol
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maycon G. Santana
- Multiprofessional Nursing Residency Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise G. Priolli
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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56
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Bora S, Adole PS, Vinod KV, Pillai AA. A validated and optimized method for separation and quantification of total fatty acids by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123473. [PMID: 36155260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are associated with many physiological functions of tissues, and their alteration has been linked with tissue-specific or systemic diseases. The current situation warrants us to have a sensitive and specific method for analysis of total FAs simultaneously from the biological fluid so that the risk prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of the disease can be made effectively. Because of greater sensitivity and resolution, a method of gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) has been optimized and validated to quantify simultaneously 19 total FAs levels in plasma and compared with GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. FAs have been transesterified by methanolic acetyl chloride to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). A 65 min GC method separated all 19 FAMEs. The calibration curve had good linearity up to 313-922 μM with a correlation coefficient between 0.9882 and 0.9998. The LODs and LOQs of FAMEs were in the range of 0.63 to 9.55 and 2.12 to 31.8 μM, respectively. The method has recovery up to 144 %, stability at 4 °C for 48 h and one freeze-thaw cycle, and good intra-day and inter-day precision. The optimized method has been used to quantify plasma total FAs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome. Though a significant difference has been found between IT/MS and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the GC-IT/MS can help to quantify total FAs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bora
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Prashant S Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
| | - Kolar V Vinod
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Ajith A Pillai
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
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Szczuko M, Pokorska-Niewiada K, Kwiatkowska L, Nawrocka-Rutkowska J, Szydłowska I, Ziętek M. Level of Potassium Is Associated with Saturated Fatty Acids in Cell Membranes and Influences the Activation of the 9 and 13 HODE and 5 HETE Synthesis Pathways in PCOS. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092244. [PMID: 36140345 PMCID: PMC9496543 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium helps to maintain the water–electrolyte and acid–base balance. There is little research on the relationship between plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory mediators and red blood cell potassium levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study included 38 Caucasian women with PCOS. Potassium in the erythrocytes was determined by inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectrometry. The FAs were analysed with gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography was used to separate the eicosanoids. The relationships between the potassium content and the amounts of fatty acids, as well as potassium and arachidonic acid (AAs) derivatives, were analysed. Significant negative correlations were found with, among others, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid, whereas a positive correlation was found with neuronic acid. Positive correlations were observed with 9, 13 HODE (derivatives synthetized from linolenic acid) and 5 oxo ETE and 5 HETE (from 5 LOX pathway). Saturated fatty acids reduce the influx of potassium into the cell by destabilizing the pH of the cytosol, and thus exacerbating the inflammatory response through the activation of the AA cascade. Therefore, improving the flow of potassium inside the cell is important in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczein, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.P.-N.)
| | - Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-374 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.P.-N.)
| | - Lidia Kwiatkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczein, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Szydłowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland
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58
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Gowda SGB, Yifan C, Gowda D, Tsuboi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Analysis of Antioxidant Lipids in Five Species of Dietary Seaweeds by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081538. [PMID: 36009257 PMCID: PMC9404842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a good source of bioactive lipids and are known for their nutritional benefits, making them a valuable food source. Despite their dietary significance and nutritional importance, there are limited reports on comprehensive lipidome analysis of lipids with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the lipid profiles of five commonly consumed Japanese dietary seaweeds using non-targeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total, of 304 molecular species from four major lipid classes were detected and characterized by MS/MS analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct lipid molecular compositions in kombu and sea mustard compared to hijiki, mozuku, and laver seaweeds. Kombu has been shown to contain large amounts of antioxidants, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a high health promotion index compared to other seaweeds. Hierarchical cluster correlations indicated the predominance of glycerophospholipids (GPs) and glycerolipids (GLs) in sea mustard and kombu. As a result, dietary seaweeds have great potential as antioxidants and health-promoting foods for human consumption due to their high levels of PUFA-rich GPs and GLs. Unsaturated triacylglycerols are predominant in hijiki, whereas other health-beneficial lipids, such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols, are predominant in sea mustard. This study provides a detailed characterization of lipids and their comparative fingerprints in seaweeds, demonstrating the potential use of dietary seaweeds in biotechnological and industrial applications involving the development of functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo 0600809, Japan
| | - Chen Yifan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Yui Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 0070894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3693
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59
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Hwang SM, Kim YU, Kim JK, Chun YS, Kwon YS, Ku SK, Song CH. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Krill Oil on Obesity and Obesity-Induced Metabolic Syndromes in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080483. [PMID: 36005486 PMCID: PMC9410137 DOI: 10.3390/md20080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risks of metabolic syndromes including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetic dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Dietary krill oil (KO) has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby being a therapeutic potential for obesity-induced metabolic syndromes. Thus, the effects of KO on lipid metabolic alteration were examined in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. The HFD model (n = 10 per group) received an oral gavage with distilled water as a control, metformin at 250 mg/kg, and KO at 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg for 12 weeks. The HFD-induced weight gain and fat deposition were significantly reduced in the KO treatments compared with the control. Blood levels were lower in parameters for NAFLD (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride), type 2 diabetes (e.g., glucose and insulin), and renal dysfunction (e.g., blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) by the KO treatments. The KO inhibited lipid synthesis through the modification of gene expressions in the liver and adipose tissues and adipokine-mediated pathways. Furthermore, KO showed hepatic antioxidant activities and glucose lowering effects. Histopathological analyses revealed that the KO ameliorated the hepatic steatosis, pancreatic endocrine/exocrine alteration, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and renal steatosis. These analyses suggest that KO may be promising for inhibiting obesity and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.H.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yeong Uk Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- AriBnC Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (J.-K.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chun
- AriBnC Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (J.-K.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Young-Sam Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.H.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-K.K.); (C.-H.S.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.); +82-53-819-1822 (C.-H.S.)
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-K.K.); (C.-H.S.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.); +82-53-819-1822 (C.-H.S.)
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60
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Bjørndal B, Berge RK, Vachkova E, Milanova A, Penchev G, Georgiev IP. Diet restriction alone improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than its coadministration with krill or fish oil in a rabbit model of castration‐induced obesity. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1396-1407. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Aneliya Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Penchev
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
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Wang TF, Liou YS, Chang HH, Yang SH, Li CC, Wang JH, Sun DS. Correlation of Body Mass Index and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144169. [PMID: 35887932 PMCID: PMC9317243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and proinflammatory cytokine levels with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization triggered by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Stem cell donors (n = 309) were recruited between August 2015 and January 2018 and grouped into four groups according to their BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n = 10), normal (18.5 kg/m2 ≦ BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 156), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≦ BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 102), and obese (BMI ≧ 30 kg/m2, n = 41). The participants were then administered with five doses of G-CSF and categorized as good mobilizers (CD34 ≧ 180/μL, n = 15, 4.85%) and poor mobilizers (CD34 ≦ 25/μL, n = 14, 4.53%) according to the number of CD34+ cells in their peripheral blood after G-CSF administration. The correlation between BMI and HSC mobilization was then analyzed, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma from good and poor mobilizers were examined by ProcartaPlex Immunoassay. Results showed that BMI was highly correlated with G-CSF-triggered HSC mobilization (R2 = 0.056, p < 0.0001). Compared with poor mobilizers, good mobilizers exhibited higher BMI (p < 0.001) and proinflammatory cytokine [interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (p < 0.05), interleukin-22 (IL-22) (p < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels (p < 0.05)]. This study indicated that BMI and proinflammatory cytokine levels are positively correlated with G-CSF-triggered HSC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (T.-F.W.); (C.-C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Liou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Shang-Hsien Yang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (T.-F.W.); (C.-C.L.)
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2681); Fax: +886-3-8561422
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Kim J, Baek Y, Jeong K, Lee S. Association of Dietary Factors With Grip Strength, Body Fat, and Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Rural Korean Elderly With Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:910481. [PMID: 35911108 PMCID: PMC9329691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.910481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Aging accompanied by cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and insulin resistance (IR), which result in loss of muscle mass and functional impairment. Better quality diets have been directly associated with muscle health and decreased risk of all-cause mortality. However, no study has investigated the relationship of dietary factors with grip strength, body composition, and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in Korean rural residents according to their CM pattern. Therefore, we aimed to examine this association among this population. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from 932 rural residents aged ≥ 65 years. An exploratory tetrachoric factor analysis revealed four multimorbidity patterns: CM, inflammatory disease, respiratory disease, and cancer and other diseases. All participants were categorized into the CM and non-CM groups. Skeletal muscle mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia were estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Dietary assessment was analyzed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were employed to examine the association of dietary factors with muscle strength, quality, and SO prevalence ratio in elderly participants. Results The mean age of the participants was 71.8 ± 0.1 years (65.8% women). Dietary fat and protein intake were positively correlated with handgrip strength in women with CM, after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.001). Similarly, protein intake (g/kg) was positively associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM; kg/m2) and ASM (%) in both sexes in the CM and non-CM groups. Regarding the tertiles of wheat intake (g/d), 2.1-fold increase in SO prevalence ratios [prevalence ratio (PR): 2.149, confidence intervals (CIs): 1.134–4.071] was observed in the highest tertile (T3: 269.1 g/d), compared to the lowest tertile (Q1: 8.6 g/d) in the CM group. Higher tertile of meat intake (T2: 34.8 g/d, T3: 99.5 g/d) had a 2-fold increase in SO (PR: 1.932, CIs: 1.066–3.500) compared to the lowest tertile (T1: 9.2 g/d) in the CM group. Conclusion Overconsumption of wheat and meat negatively impacted the development of SO, while protein intake was positively associated with grip strength and skeletal muscle mass in elderly Koreans with CM.
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Takic M, Pokimica B, Petrovic-Oggiano G, Popovic T. Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Treatment and the Efficiency of Its Conversion to Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity and Related Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144471. [PMID: 35889342 PMCID: PMC9317994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in high amounts in oils such as flaxseed, soy, hemp, rapeseed, chia, and perilla, while stearidonic acid is abundant in echium oil. ALA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by desaturases and elongases in humans. The conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited, and these long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are mainly provided from dietary sources (fish and seafood). This review provides an overview of studies that explored the effects of dietary supplementation with ALA in obesity and related diseases. The obesity-associated changes of desaturase and elongase activities are summarized, as they could influence the metabolic conversion of ALA. Generally, supplementation with ALA or ALA-rich oils leads to an increase in EPA levels and has no effect on DHA or omega-3 index. According to the literature data, stearidonic acid could enhance conversion of ALA to long-chain n−3 PUFA in obesity. Recent studies confirm that EPA and DHA intake should be considered as a primary dietary treatment strategy for improving the omega-3 index in obesity and related diseases.
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Costa BTD, Araújo GRL, da Silva Júnior RT, Santos LKDS, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Lima DBA, Cuzzuol BR, Santos Apolonio J, de Carvalho LS, Marques HS, Silva CS, Barcelos IDS, Oliveira MV, Freire de Melo F. Effects of nutrients on immunomodulation in patients with severe COVID-19: Current knowledge. World J Crit Care Med 2022; 11:201-218. [PMID: 36051942 PMCID: PMC9305681 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v11.i4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) show significant immune system dysregulation. Due to that, some nutrients that influence immunomodulation have been suggested as a form of treatment against the infection. This review collected the information on the impact of vitamins on the prognosis of COVID-19, with the intention of facilitating treatment and prevention of the disease risk status in patients. The collected information was obtained using the PubMed electronic database by searching for articles that relate COVID-19 and the mechanisms/effects of the nutrients: Proteins, glucose, lipids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium, including prospective, retrospective, and support articles. The findings reveal an optimal response related mainly to omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, and iron that might represent benefits in the treatment of critically ill patients. However, nutrient supplementation should be done with caution due to the limited availability of randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Teixeira da Costa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Bastos Alves Lima
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sousa de Carvalho
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camilo Santana Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of MI-Croalgae-Derived N-3 Pufa. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131883. [PMID: 35804698 PMCID: PMC9265382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Today’s consumers are increasingly aware of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA in preventing, delaying, and intervening various diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and many other ailments. The role of n-3 PUFA on aging and cognitive function is also one of the hot topics in basic research, product development, and clinical applications. For decades, n-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, have been supplied by fish oil and seafood. With the continuous increase of global population, awareness about the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, and socioeconomic improvement worldwide, the supply chain is facing increasing challenges of insufficient production. In this regard, microalgae have been well considered as promising sources of n-3 PUFA oil to mitigate the supply shortages. The use of microalgae to produce n-3 PUFA-rich oils has been explored for over two decades and some species have already been used commercially to produce n-3 PUFA, in particular EPA- and/or DHA-rich oils. In addition to n-3 PUFA, microalgae biomass contains many other high value biomolecules, which can be used in food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient, and feedstock. The present review covers the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA, with particular attention given to the various approaches attempted in the nutritional interventions using EPA and DHA alone or combined with other nutrients and bioactive compounds towards improved health conditions in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. It also covers the applications of microalgae n-3 PUFA in food and dietary supplement sectors and the economic and environmental sustainability of using microalgae as a platform for n-3 PUFA-rich oil production.
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Bobin-Dubigeon C, Nazih H, Croyal M, Bard JM. Link between Omega 3 Fatty Acids Carried by Lipoproteins and Breast Cancer Severity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122461. [PMID: 35745191 PMCID: PMC9230874 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) more than 10% of cancers can be explained by inadequate diet and excess body weight. Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women. The goal of our study is to clarify the relationship between ω3 fatty acids (FA) carried by different lipoproteins and breast cancer (BC) severity, according to two approaches: through clinic-biological data and through in vitro breast cancer cell models. The clinical study has been performed in sera from a cohort of BC women (n = 140, ICO, France) whose tumors differed by their hormone receptors status (HR− for tumors negative for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, HR+ for tumors positive for either estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors) and the level of proliferation markers (Ki-67 ≤ 20% Prolif− and Ki-67 ≥ 30% Prolif+). Lipids and ω3FA have been quantified in whole serum and in apoB-containing lipoproteins (Non-HDL) or free of it (HDL). Differences between Prolif− and Prolif+ were compared by Wilcoxon test in each sub-group HR+ and HR−. Results are expressed as median [25th−75th percentile]. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol did not differ between Prolif− and Prolif+ sub-groups of HR− and HR+ patients. Plasma EPA and DHA concentrations did not differ either. In the HR− group, the distribution of EPA and DHA between HDL and Non-HDL differed significantly, as assessed by a higher ratio between the FA concentration in Non-HDL and HDL in Prolif− vs. Prolif+ patients (0.20 [0.15−0.36] vs. 0.04 [0.02−0.08], p = 0.0001 for EPA and 0.08 [0.04−0.10] vs. 0.04 [0.01−0.07], p = 0.04 for DHA). In this HR− group, a significant increase in Non-HDL EPA concentration was also observed in Prolif− vs. Prolif+ (0.18 [0.13−0.40] vs. 0.05 [0.02−0.07], p = 0.001). A relative enrichment on Non-HDL in EPA and DHA was also observed in Prolif− patients vs. Prolif+ patients, as assessed by a higher molar ratio between FA and apoB (0.12 [0.09−0.18] vs. 0.02 [0.01−0.05], p < 0.0001 for EPA and 1.00 [0.73−1.69 vs. 0.52 [0.14−1.08], p = 0.04 for DHA). These data were partly confirmed by an in vitro approach of proliferation of isolated lipoproteins containing EPA and DHA on MDA-MB-231 (HR−) and MCF-7 (HR+) cell models. Indeed, among all the studied fractions, only the correlation between the EPA concentration of Non-HDL was confirmed in vitro, although with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.07), in MDA-MB-231 cells. Non-HDL DHA, in the same cells model was significantly correlated to proliferation (p = 0.04). This preliminary study suggests a protective effect on breast cancer proliferation of EPA and DHA carried by apo B-containing lipoproteins (Non-HDL), limited to HR− tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bobin-Dubigeon
- EA 2160—IUML FR3473 CNRS, Nantes Université, UMR6286, US2B, 44035 Nantes, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France;
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hassan Nazih
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- ISOMer UE2160 IUML, Nantes Université, CNRS3473, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France;
- CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, 44000 Nantes, France; (H.N.); (M.C.)
- ISOMer UE2160 IUML, Nantes Université, CNRS3473, 44300 Nantes, France
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Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation on Pork Offal Quality. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121526. [PMID: 35739863 PMCID: PMC9219461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of milk thistle supplementation of fattener pig feeds on physical and chemical properties of pork offal. The experiments were conducted on 60 fatteners (group C—control (30 pigs) and group E—experimental (30 pigs)). The experimental group was supplemented with ground milk thistle (Silybum marianum) at 7 g/kg feed. The offal (tongues, kidneys, hearts, lungs and livers) was analyzed for weight, pH, WHC, water, protein, fat, energy value, fatty acid profile and content of major and trace elements. The present study shows that milk thistle added to fattener pig diets increased pH45 and pH24 values in most of the analyzed offal and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the weight of heart and lungs and increased the weight of liver and kidneys. Hearts, lungs and kidneys of the experimental group contained more fat and the liver less, than the same offal of the control group. As regards the content of elements, the dietary supplement most often had an effect on the heart and lungs. In general, milk thistle supplemented in fattener diets had modified the physical parameters and chemical composition of the analyzed products.
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Traditional Fermented Foods and Beverages from around the World and Their Health Benefits. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061151. [PMID: 35744669 PMCID: PMC9227559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional fermented foods and beverages play an important role in a range of human diets, and several experimental studies have shown their potential positive effects on human health. Studies from different continents have revealed strong associations between the microorganisms present in certain fermented foods (e.g., agave fructans, kefir, yeats, kombucha, chungkookjang, cheeses and vegetables, among others) and weight maintenance, reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease, antidiabetic and constipation benefits, improvement of glucose and lipids levels, stimulation of the immunological system, anticarcinogenic effects and, most importantly, reduced mortality. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to corroborate information reported in experimental studies that comprised interventions involving the consumption of traditional fermented foods or beverages and their association with human health. This work focuses on studies that used fermented food from 2014 to the present. In conclusion, traditional fermented foods or beverages could be important in the promotion of human health. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in inflammatory, immune, chronic and gastrointestinal diseases and the roles of fermented traditional foods and beverages in terms of preventing or managing those diseases.
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Sasi M, Kumar S, Hasan M, S R A, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Kumari S, Prakash O, Nain L, Sachdev A, Dahuja A. Current trends in the development of soy-based foods containing probiotics and paving the path for soy-synbiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9995-10013. [PMID: 35611888 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the world of highly processed foods, special attention is drawn to the nutrient composition and safety of consumed food products. Foods fortified with probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effects on human health and are categorized as functional foods. The salubrious activities of probiotics include the synthesis of vital bioactives, prevention of inflammatory diseases, anticancerous, hypocholesterolemic, and antidiarrheal effects. Soy foods are exemplary delivery vehicles for probiotics and prebiotics and there are diverse strategies to enhance their functionality like employing mixed culture fermentation, engineering probiotics, and incorporating prebiotics in fermented soy foods. High potential is ascribed to the concurrent use of probiotics and prebiotics in one product, termed as "synbiotics," which implicates synergy, in which a prebiotic ingredient particularly favors the growth and activity of a probiotic micro-organism. The insights on emended bioactive profile, metabolic role, and potential health benefits of advanced soy-based probiotic and synbiotic hold a promise which can be profitably implemented to meet consumer needs. This article reviews the available knowledge about strategies to enhance the nutraceutical potential, mechanisms, and health-promoting effects of advanced soy-based probiotics. Traditional fermentation merged with diverse strategies to improve the efficiency and health benefits of probiotics considered vital, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Quality and Productivity Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, India
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpitha S R
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Tsuji T, Bussberg V, MacDonald AM, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH. Transplantation of Brown Adipose Tissue with the Ability of Converting Omega-6 to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteracts High-Fat-Induced Metabolic Abnormalities in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105321. [PMID: 35628137 PMCID: PMC9142126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced omega (ω)-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio has been linked to metabolic health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in energy expenditure and secretes signaling molecules that regulate metabolism via inter-organ crosstalk. Recent studies have uncovered that BAT produces different PUFA species and circulating oxylipin levels are correlated with BAT-mediated energy expenditure in mice and humans. However, the impact of BAT ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs on metabolic phenotype has not been fully elucidated. The Fat-1 transgenic mice can convert ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs. Here, we demonstrated that mice receiving Fat-1 BAT transplants displayed better glucose tolerance and higher energy expenditure. Expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and nutrient utilization was increased in the endogenous BAT of mice receiving Fat-1 BAT, suggesting that the transplants may activate recipients' BAT. Using targeted lipidomic analysis, we found that the levels of several ω-6 oxylipins were significantly reduced in the circulation of mice receiving Fat-1 BAT transplants than in mice with wild-type BAT transplants. The major altered oxylipins between the WT and Fat-1 BAT transplantation were ω-6 arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins via the lipoxygenase pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest an important role of BAT-derived oxylipins in combating obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Valerie Bussberg
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; (V.B.); (A.M.M.); (N.R.N.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Niven R. Narain
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; (V.B.); (A.M.M.); (N.R.N.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-309-1967
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Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091796. [PMID: 35565762 PMCID: PMC9101890 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in experiment 2. The experimental duration was 11 weeks. In the LC group, a ketotic state was induced, and food intake was decreased; however, it did not result in BW loss compared to either the HF or NC groups. In the 5CF group, rats lost significant BW. Dyslipidemia, perirenal and epididymal fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and increases in triglyceride and plasma leptin levels were observed in the LC group but were attenuated by FO supplementation. These findings suggest that a ketogenic low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet with no favorable effect on body weight causes visceral and liver lipid accumulation. FO supplementation not only aids in body weight control but also improves lipid metabolism in low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-fed rats.
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72
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Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6852276. [PMID: 35388304 PMCID: PMC8977300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6852276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein. Currently, options for treatment and lifestyle behaviors interventions are limited, and keeping a healthy lifestyle is challenging. Various types of phytochemicals have been investigated for antiobesity potential. Here, we discuss pathophysiology and signaling pathways in obesity, epigenetic regulations, regulatory mechanism, functional ingredients in natural antiobesity products, and therapeutic application of phytochemicals in obesity.
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73
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Șanta A, Mierlita D, Dărăban S, Socol CT, Vicas SI, Șuteu M, Maerescu CM, Stanciu AS, Pop IM. The Effect of Sustainable Feeding Systems, Combining Total Mixed Rations and Pasture, on Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity in Jersey Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070908. [PMID: 35405896 PMCID: PMC8997149 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effect of using pasture combined with total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production and composition, fatty acid (FA) profiles, fat-soluble antioxidant content, and total milk antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, the effect of milk pasteurization and storage at 2 °C for 4 days, lipophilic antioxidants and TAC were assessed. Two homogeneous groups of Jersey cows (n = 8) were constituted, which were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments: TMR (without access to pasture), or partial mixed diet (pTMR: grazing 8 h/day + TMR indoors). To establish FA profiles and lipophilic antioxidants’ changes in milk during the grazing period, in case of the pTMR group the experimental period was spilt in three grazing periods: P1 (May), P2 (June), and P3 (June/July). Milk yielded from cows having limited access on pasture (pTMR diet) showed an improved FA profile, with higher concentrations of FAs considered benefic for human health (vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), omega-3 FA (n-3 FA)) (p < 0.01) and a lower concentration of FAs with hypercholesterolemiant potential (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) (p < 0.05), compared to that of the TMR diet. This change in FA profile was correlated with improved sanogenous lipid indices of milk fat (n-6/n-3 FA atherogenic index and thrombogenic index). Milk yielded during the P1 grazing period had higher concentrations of VA, CLA, and n-3 FA (p < 0.05) and lower concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0 (p < 0.01); it exhibited the best values for the main sanogenous fat lipid indices of fat. Moreover, pTMR milk showed a higher α-tocopherol, retinol, and β-carotene content (p < 0.05), positively correlated with TAC values in milk (P1 ˃ P2 ˃ P3). By comparison, cows fed using the TMR diet yielded a higher quantity of milk (p < 0.05), but a lower fat and protein content (p < 0.01), and also a higher saturated FAs and n-6 FA content (p < 0.05) together with a lower concentration of lipophilic antioxidants in milk. Thermal treatment showed no effect on α-tocopherol and retinol content in milk, but their concentrations decreased during the storage, at the same time a TAC decrease. The results of this study prove the positive effect of using pasture combined with TMR on FA profiles, milk antioxidant content, and antioxidant capacity, with beneficial effects on nutrition and health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Șanta
- Doctoral School of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniel Mierlita
- Doctoral School of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.T.S.); (S.I.V.); (C.M.M.); (A.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stelian Dărăban
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.D.); (M.Ș.)
| | - Claudia Terezia Socol
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.T.S.); (S.I.V.); (C.M.M.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.T.S.); (S.I.V.); (C.M.M.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Mihai Șuteu
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.D.); (M.Ș.)
| | - Cristina Maria Maerescu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.T.S.); (S.I.V.); (C.M.M.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Alina Stefania Stanciu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.T.S.); (S.I.V.); (C.M.M.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Ioan Mircea Pop
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iași, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu St., 700490 Iași, Romania;
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Comparative Analysis and Structural Modeling of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, a Fatty Acid Desaturase Involved in Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of American Oil Palm. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040529. [PMID: 35453727 PMCID: PMC9032008 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Palm oil has become the world’s most important vegetable oil in terms of production quantity, and its overall demand is exponentially growing with the global population. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing palm oil quality. In this study, we focused on FAD2, a fatty acid desaturase enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in Elaeis oleifera, identified through in silico annotation analysis. Our phylogenetic and comparative studies revealed two SNP markers, SNP278 and SNP851, significantly correlated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents. Our study provides fundamental insights into the mechanism of fatty acids synthesis in oil palm and could support the application of molecular biology techniques to enhance the enzymatic activity and substrate affinity of EoFAD2. Abstract American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera) is an important source of dietary oil that could fulfill the increasing worldwide demand for cooking oil. Therefore, improving its production is crucial and could be realized through breeding and genetic engineering approaches aiming to obtain high-yielding varieties with improved oil content and quality. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing oil quality. Our work focused on a fatty acid desaturase (FAD) enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Following the in silico identification and annotation of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, its molecular and structural features characterization was performed to better understand the mechanistic bases of its enzymatic activity. EoFAD2 is 1173 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 390 amino acids that shares similarities with other FADs. Interestingly, the phylogenetic study showed three distinguished groups where EoFAD2 clustered among monocotyledonous taxa. EoFAD2 is a membrane-bound protein with five transmembrane domains presumably located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The homodimer organization model of EoFAD2 enzyme and substrates and respective substrate-binding residues were predicted and described. Moreover, the comparison between 24 FAD2 sequences from different species generated two interesting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents.
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75
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Ferrara L, Joksimovic M, Angelo SD. Could Polyphenolic Food Intake Help in the Control of Type 2 Diabetes? A Narrative Review of the Last Evidence. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220317140717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is one of the largest global public health concerns, imposing a heavy global burden on public health as well as socio-economic development, and about 90% of adults with this condition have type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Introduction:
Beyond the hereditary factor, there are several risk factors connected to the development of this syndrome; the lifestyles play, increasingly, a predominant role in the development of the metabolic complications related to T2D and a significant role in the onset of this syndrome is played from an unbalanced diet. Polyphenolic food is plant-based food including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, tea, coffee, and nuts. In recent years, there is growing evidence that plant-foods polyphenols, due to their biological properties, may be nutraceuticals and supplementary treatments for various aspects of T2D. Polyphenols may influence glycemia and T2D through hypoglycemic properties as reduction of insulin resistance, reduced fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin value. Based on several in vitro, animal models and some human studies, is has been detected that polyphenol-rich products modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, attenuate hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, improve adipose tissue metabolism, and alleviate oxidative stress and stress-sensitive signaling pathways and inflammatory processes.
Methods:
This manuscript summarizes human clinical trials issued within the last 5 years linking dietary polyphenols to T2D, with a focus on polyphenolic-foods typical of the Mediterranean diet.
Results:
Polyphenolic food can also prevent the development of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
Conclusion:
Further investigations as other human clinical studies are needed to obtain the best dose and duration of supplementation with polyphenolic food in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrara
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D' Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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76
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Farag MA, Gad MZ. Omega-9 fatty acids: potential roles in inflammation and cancer management. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:48. [PMID: 35294666 PMCID: PMC8927560 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Omega-9 fatty acids represent one of the main mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) found in plant and animal sources. They are synthesized endogenously in humans, though not fully compensating all body requirements. Consequently, they are considered as partially essential fatty acids. MUFA represent a healthier alternative to saturated animal fats and have several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer characters. The main body of the abstract This review capitalizes on the major omega-9 pharmacological activities in context of inflammation management for its different natural forms in different dietary sources. The observed anti-inflammatory effects reported for oleic acid (OA), mead acid, and erucic acid were directed to attenuate inflammation in several physiological and pathological conditions such as wound healing and eye inflammation by altering the production of inflammatory mediators, modulating neutrophils infiltration, and altering VEGF effector pathway. OA action mechanisms as anti-tumor agent in different cancer types are compiled for the first time based on its anti- and pro-carcinogenic actions. Conclusion We conclude that several pathways are likely to explain the anti-proliferative activity of OA including suppression of migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells, as well stimulation of tumor suppressor genes. Such action mechanisms warrant for further supportive clinical and epidemiological studies to confirm the beneficial outcomes of omega-9 consumption especially over long-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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77
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Supportive Care in Oncology-From Physical Activity to Nutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061149. [PMID: 35334806 PMCID: PMC8954702 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with impairment at the physical and at psychological level. In addition, side effects are a potentially treatment-limiting factor that may necessitate dose reduction, delay, or even discontinuation of therapy, with negative consequences for outcome and mean survival. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity and sports and exercise therapy programs are not only practicable but also recommendable for oncologic patients during the acute phase and in the aftercare. Furthermore, nutrition plays an important role in all stages of tumor therapy. A timely integration of a nutrition therapy and physical activity in the form of physiotherapy and sports therapy serves to prevent and reduce treatment-associated side effects. Evidence-based recommendations on cancer prevention through nutrition therapy, physical activity, and sports and exercise therapy should be integrated into treatment plans for oncology patients as well as in health care services for the general population. Individual counselling by trained nutrition and exercise specialists may be advisable to receive concrete recommendations on the respective tumor entity or specific side effects. This mini review is based on a selective literature search in the PubMed database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the subjects of healthy diet and physical activity in primary prevention and follow-up about cancer.
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78
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Liu G, Shen M, Sun X, Xu X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liang L, Liu X, Xu X. A new perspective on the benzo(a)pyrene generated in tea seeds during roasting. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:440-450. [PMID: 35104194 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2022770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a strong carcinogen, in edible oil has been widely reported. This work studied the concentration of BaP in different parts of tea seeds generated during roasting from a new perspective. A novel method was established and used to calculate the actual generated concentration of BaP, which is different from the previous direct determination of BaP concentration and also takes into account the concentration of the lost BaP. The results showed that the loss rate of BaP in husks was the highest (92.7%), while that in the peeled tea seeds was the lowest (66.9%). Conversely, the generated concentration of BaP in peeled seeds was the highest (6.7 μg·kg-1), while that in husks was the lowest (2.8 μg·kg-1). The change in concentration of BaP during roasting was mainly related to the components of different parts of tea seeds. Finally, the lost BaP-d12 in tea seeds was detected in other parts of the semi-closed simplified model, which confirmed that BaP will migrate during roasting. This work emphasised that it was necessary to modify the calculation method for the generated concentration of BaP in food during thermal processing, which will be helpful to explore the generation mechanism of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinguo Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jixian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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79
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The Role of Nutrients in Prevention, Treatment and Post-Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051000. [PMID: 35267974 PMCID: PMC8912782 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, infecting human cells via its spike protein, causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia and is sometimes fatal. Unfortunately, to date, there is still no definite therapy to treat COVID-19. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved only supportive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to maintain a correct intake of nutrients to support very weakened patients in overcoming disease arose. The literature available on nutrient intake for COVID-19 is mainly focused on prevention. However, the safe intake of micro- and/or macro-nutrients can be useful either for preventing infection and supporting the immune response during COVID-19, as well as in the post-acute phase, i.e., “long COVID”, that is sometimes characterized by the onset of various long lasting and disabling symptoms. The aim of this review is to focus on the role of nutrient intake during all the different phases of the disease, including prevention, the acute phase, and finally long COVID.
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80
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Renna M, Lussiana C, Colonna L, Malfatto VM, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Inclusion of Cocoa Bean Shell in the Diet of Dairy Goats: Effects on Milk Production Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848452. [PMID: 35252429 PMCID: PMC8894810 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agro-industrial by-products in animal nutrition is a promising strategy to reduce the food-feed competition, the diet cost at farm level and the environmental impact of animal-derived food production. In this study, the suitability of cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product of the cocoa industry, as a feed ingredient in the diet of dairy goats was evaluated, with a focus on the related implications on feed intake, milk yield, milk main constituents, and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat. Twenty-two Camosciata delle Alpi goats were divided into two balanced groups. All the goats were fed mixed hay ad libitum. The control group (CTRL; n = 11) also received 1.20 kg/head × day of a commercial concentrate, while in the experimental group (CBS; n = 11) 200 g of the CTRL concentrate were replaced by the same amount of pelleted CBS. The total dry matter intake of the goats was reduced by the dietary inclusion of CBS (P ≤ 0.01). The milk yield, as well as the milk fat, protein, and casein contents and yields were unaffected by the treatment. Milk from the CBS-fed goats showed decreased urea content when compared to the CTRL group (P ≤ 0.001). Milk from the CBS group of goats also showed increased concentrations of total branched-chain FA (both iso and anteiso forms; P ≤ 0.001) and total monounsaturated FA (P ≤ 0.05), as well as a decreased ∑ n6/∑ n3 FA ratio (P ≤ 0.05). De novo saturated FA, total polyunsaturated FA, total conjugated linoleic acids, and the majority of ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates remained unaffected by the dietary treatment. These results suggest that CBS can be strategically used as an alternative non-conventional raw material in diets intended for lactating goats, with no detrimental effects on their milk production performance. The use of CBS in goat nutrition may be hindered by the presence of theobromine, a toxic alkaloid. Special attention is needed by nutritionists to avoid exceeding the theobromine limits imposed by the current legislation. Detheobromination treatments are also suggested in literature to prevent toxic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuela Renna
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Letizia Colonna
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vanda Maria Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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81
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Multi-Omic Profiling of Macrophages Treated with Phospholipids Containing Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Reveals Complex Immunomodulatory Adaptations at Protein, Lipid and Metabolic Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042139. [PMID: 35216253 PMCID: PMC8879791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids have strong immunomodulatory properties, altering several functions of macrophages. In the present work, we sought to provide a multi-omic approach combining the analysis of the lipidome, the proteome, and the metabolome of RAW 264.7 macrophages supplemented with phospholipids containing omega-3 (PC 18:0/22:6; ω3-PC) or omega-6 (PC 18:0/20:4; ω6-PC) fatty acids, alone and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supplementation of macrophages with ω3 and ω6 phospholipids plus LPS produced a significant reprogramming of the proteome of macrophages and amplified the immune response; it also promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g., pleckstrin). Supplementation with the ω3-PC and ω6-PC induced significant changes in the lipidome, with a marked increase in lipid species linked to the inflammatory response, attributed to several pro-inflammatory signalling pathways (e.g., LPCs) but also to the pro-resolving effect of inflammation (e.g., PIs). Finally, the metabolomic analysis demonstrated that supplementation with ω3-PC and ω6-PC induced the expression of several metabolites with a pronounced inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effect (e.g., succinate). Overall, our data show that supplementation of macrophages with ω3-PC and ω6-PC effectively modulates the lipidome, proteome, and metabolome of these immune cells, affecting several metabolic pathways involved in the immune response that are triggered by inflammation.
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82
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Bukhari AS, Lutz LJ, Smith TJ, Hatch-McChesney A, O’Connor KL, Carrigan CT, Hawes MR, McGraw SM, Taylor KM, Champagne CM, Montain SJ. A Food-Based Intervention in a Military Dining Facility Improves Blood Fatty Acid Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:743. [PMID: 35215396 PMCID: PMC8879849 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing dietary omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) intake may confer neuroprotection, brain resiliency, improve wound healing and promote cardiovascular health. This study determined the efficacy of substituting a few common foods (chicken meat, chicken sausage, eggs, salad dressings, pasta sauces, cooking oil, mayonnaise, and peanut butter) lower in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and higher in n-3 HUFA in a dining facility on blood fatty acid profile. An eight-week prospective, between-subjects (n = 77), repeated measures, parallel-arm trial was conducted. Participants self-selected foods consumed from conventionally produced foods (control), or those lower n-6 PUFA and higher n-3 HUFA versions (intervention). Changes in blood omega-3 index, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), n-6 PUFA, lipid profile, and food satisfaction were main outcomes. Between-group differences over time were assessed using a linear mixed model to measure the effect of diet on blood serum fatty acids and inflammatory markers. The intervention group achieved a higher omega-3 index score (3.66 ± 0.71 vs. 2.95 ± 0.77; p < 0.05), lower total n-6 (10.1 ± 4.6 vs. 15.3 ± 6.7 µg/mL; p < 0.05), and higher serum concentration of EPA (5.0 ± 1.31 vs. 4.05 ± 1.56 µg/mL; p < 0.05) vs. controls. Satisfaction in intervention foods improved or remained consistent. Substitution of commonly eaten dining facility foods with like-items higher in DHA and EPA and lower in n-6 PUFA can favorably impact fatty acid status and the omega-3 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S. Bukhari
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Laura J. Lutz
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Tracey J. Smith
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Adrienne Hatch-McChesney
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Kristie L. O’Connor
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Christopher T. Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | | | - Susan M. McGraw
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Kathryn M. Taylor
- Military Performance Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Scott J. Montain
- Military Nutrition Division of the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (L.J.L.); (T.J.S.); (A.H.-M.); (K.L.O.); (C.T.C.); (S.M.M.); (S.J.M.)
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Wang P, Xiang K, Xu YY, He YS, Hu YQ, Ni J, Pan HF. Genetically Predicted Circulating Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels Are Causally Associated With Increased Risk for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:783338. [PMID: 35223943 PMCID: PMC8864316 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.783338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the associations of omega-3 or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with the disease activity and inflammatory mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the evidence of causal links of omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs on the risk for SLE remains inconclusive. Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the causal relationships between omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs and SLE by performing the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of circulating omega-3/omega-6 levels (n = up to 13,544) and GWAS meta-analyses of SLE (n = 14,267), respectively. The bidirectional two-sample MR (TSMR) analysis was conducted to infer the causality. Results The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method revealed that genetically determined per SD increase in omega-3 levels were causally associated with an increased risk for SLE (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.08, p = 0.021), but no causal effect of omega-6 on the risk SLE was observed (IVW OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.57, p = 0.759). In addition, there were no significantly causal associations in genetic predisposition to SLE with the changes of omega-3 and omega-6 levels, respectively (IVW beta for omega-3: 0.007, 95% CI: −0.006, 0.022, p = 0.299; IVW beta for omega-6: −0.008, 95% CI: −0.023, 0.006, p = 0.255). Conclusion The present study revealed the possible causal role of omega-3 on increasing the risk for SLE, it could be the potential implications for dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Outpatient Wound Care Center, 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People Liberation Army, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Jing Ni
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Feng Pan ;
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84
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Patel A, Desai SS, Mane VK, Enman J, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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85
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Wang F, Graham ET, Naowarojna N, Shi Z, Wang Y, Xie G, Zhou L, Salmon W, Jia JM, Wang X, Huang Y, Schreiber SL, Zou Y. PALP: A rapid imaging technique for stratifying ferroptosis sensitivity in normal and tumor tissues in situ. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:157-170.e6. [PMID: 34813762 PMCID: PMC8792350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging cancer suppression strategy. However, how to select cancer patients for treating with ferroptosis inducers remains challenging. Here, we develop photochemical activation of membrane lipid peroxidation (PALP), which uses targeted lasers to induce localized polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA)-lipid peroxidation for reporting ferroptosis sensitivity in cells and tissues. PALP captured by BODIPY-C11 can be suppressed by lipophilic antioxidants and iron chelation, and is dependent on PUFA-lipid levels. Moreover, we develop PALPv2, for studying lipid peroxidation on selected membranes along the z axis in live cells using two-photon microscopes. Using PALPv1, we detect PUFA-lipids in multiple tissues, and validate a PUFA-phospholipid reduction during muscle aging as previously reported. Patterns of PALPv1 signals across multiple cancer cell types in vitro and in vivo are concordant with their ferroptosis susceptibility and PUFA-phospholipid levels. We envision that PALP will enable rapid stratification of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer patients and facilitate PUFA-lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Emily T Graham
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathchar Naowarojna
- Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zhennan Shi
- Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Guanglei Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wendy Salmon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Yilong Zou
- Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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Robinson GF, Sooda KKY, Phillips RM, Allison SJ, Javid FA. Investigation of the cytotoxicity induced by didocosahexaenoin, an omega 3 derivative, in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100085. [PMID: 35112078 PMCID: PMC8790608 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity induced by an omega-3 derivative, didocosahexaenoin (Dido) on human prostate carcinoma cells and to compare the cytotoxicity to that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Different carcinoma- and non-carcinoma cells were exposed to various concentrations of omega-3 compounds at varying exposure times and the cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. The mechanism of Dido-induced apoptosis was investigated in prostate carcinoma cells. Dido induced stronger cytotoxicity than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Dido was also more selective and potent in inducing cytotoxicity in prostate carcinoma cells than other carcinoma cell lines tested. Pre-treatment with Dido increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate carcinoma cells. Pre-treatment with various antioxidants reduced the cytotoxicity induced by Dido. Pre-treatment with Dido ≥30 μM also induced apoptosis which was suggested to involve an externalisation of phosphatidyl serine, a significant increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.01) and the level of activated caspase 3/7 (p < 0.05) in prostate carcinoma cells. This study is the first to show that Dido induced cytotoxicity with high selectivity and higher potency than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells. The mechanism of action is likely to involve an increase in the level of ROS, loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as externalisation of phosphatidyl serine and increase in the caspase 3/7 activity. Dido may have potential to be used for the adjuvant therapy or combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Kartheek KY. Sooda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Simon J. Allison
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Farideh A. Javid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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Marino M, Mele E, Pastorino GMG, Meccariello R, Operto FF, Santoro A, Viggiano A. Neuroinflammation: Molecular Mechanisms And Therapeutic Perspectives. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:160-174. [PMID: 36177627 DOI: 10.2174/1871524922666220929153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a key component in the etiopathogenesis of neurological diseases and brain aging. This process involves the brain immune system that modulates synaptic functions and protects neurons from infection or damage. Hence, the knowledge of neuroinflammation related pathways and modulation by drugs or natural compounds is functional to developing therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving, maintaining and restoring brain health. OBJECTIVE This review article summarizes the basics of neuroinflammation and related signaling pathways, the success of the dietary intervention in clinical practice and the possible development of RNA-based strategies for treating neurological diseases. METHODS Pubmed search from 2012 to 2022 with the keywords neuroinflammation and molecular mechanisms in combination with diet, miRNA and non-coding RNA. RESULTS Glial cells-play a crucial role in neuroinflammation, but several pathways can be activated in response to different inflammatory stimuli, inducing cell death by apoptosis, pyroptosis or necroptosis. The dietary intervention has immunomodulatory effects and could limit the inflammatory process induced by microglia and astrocytes. Thus by inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving the symptoms of a variety of neurological diseases, diet exerts pleiotropic neuroprotective effects independently from the spectrum of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the specific disorder. Furthermore, data from animal models revealed that altered expression of specific noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs, contributes to neuroinflammatory diseases; consequently, RNA-based strategies may be promising to alleviate the consequences of neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to identify the molecular pathways and the new pharmacological targets in neuroinflammation to lay the basis for more effective and selective therapies to be applied, in parallel to dietary intervention, in the treatment of neuroinflammation-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Elena Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Santoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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da Mota Santana J, Pereira M, Carvalho GQ, dos Santos DB, Oliveira AM. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations and Association with Weight Gain in Pregnancy. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010128. [PMID: 35011002 PMCID: PMC8746780 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower concentrations of omega-3 (ω-3) and higher concentrations of omega-6 (ω-6) have been associated with excess weight in adults; however, the information on this relationship in pregnancy remains in its infancy. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma levels of ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and weight gain during the gestational period. This is a prospective cohort study involving 185 pregnant women registered with the prenatal services of a municipality in the northeast of Brazil. The dosage of the serum concentration of fatty acids and the anthropometric measurements were carried out at the baseline, and the women’s weight information in the first, second, and third trimesters was collected from their pregnancy cards. Serum fatty acids were determined with the help of gas chromatography. The response variable of this study is the latent variable weight gain in pregnancy, derived from three variables: gestational weight in the first, second, and third trimesters. The main exposure was the plasma concentrations of PUFAs. Structural equation modeling was used for the data analysis. The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.74 years old (SD: 5.96 years). Most of the women had not completed high school (84%) and had a low income (70.86%). It was observed that the ω-3 PUFAs, represented by ALA plasm (alpha-linolenic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and the EPA/ALA ratio (eicosapentaenoic acid to alpha-linolenic acid ratio), were negatively associated with the weight gain during pregnancy construct (−0.20, −0.12, and −0.14, respectively). Meanwhile, the PUFAs represented by the ratio between the ω-6 category acids ARA and LA (arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) had a direct and positive association (0.22) with that construct. Excess maternal weight gain was associated with ω-3 and ω-6 plasma levels. The women with the greatest gestational weight gain were the ones that presented the highest ARA/LA ratio (ω-6) and the lowest plasma concentrations of ALA, DHA, and EPA/ALA ratio (ω-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusa da Mota Santana
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, R. do Cajueiro, 1015, Santo Antonio de Jesus 44574-490, Brazil;
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n—Canela, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(75)-988537636
| | - Marcos Pereira
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n—Canela, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil;
| | - Gisele Queiroz Carvalho
- Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-17, Brazil;
| | - Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, R. do Cajueiro, 1015, Santo Antonio de Jesus 44574-490, Brazil;
| | - Ana Marlucia Oliveira
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n—Canela, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil;
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Macêdo APA, Muñoz VR, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. 12,13-diHOME as a new therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Life Sci 2021; 290:120229. [PMID: 34914931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipokines are bioactive compounds, derived from adipose tissue depots, that control several molecular signaling pathways. Recently, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME), an oxylipin, has gained prominence in the scientific literature. An increase in circulating 12,13-diHOME has been associated with improved metabolic health, and the action of this molecule appears to be mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Scientific evidence indicates that the increase in serum levels of 12,13-diHOME caused by stimuli such as physical exercise and exposure to cold may favor the absorption of fatty acids by brown adipose tissue and stimulate the browning process in white adipose tissue (WAT). Thus, strategies capable of increasing 12,13-diHOME levels may be promising for the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. This review explores the relationship of 12,13-diHOME with brown adipose tissue and its role in the metabolic health context, as well as the signaling pathways involved between 12,13-diHOME and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lee SM, Kim HK, Lee HB, Kwon OD, Lee EB, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Dae Kwon
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pellegrini M, D’Eusebio C, Ponzo V, Tonella L, Finocchiaro C, Fierro MT, Quaglino P, Bo S. Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy-An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:4018. [PMID: 34836273 PMCID: PMC8624488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, whose incidence rates have increased over the past few decades. Risk factors for melanoma are both intrinsic (genetic and familiar predisposition) and extrinsic (environment, including sun exposure, and lifestyle). The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma, and research is focusing on strategies to optimize them. Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancer types, but its possible role in the etiology of melanoma is controversial. Body mass index, body surface area, and height have been related to the risk for cutaneous melanoma, although an 'obesity paradox' has been described too. Increasing evidence suggests the role of nutritional factors in the prevention and management of melanoma. Several studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary attitudes, specific foods, and nutrients both on the risk for melanoma and on the progression of the disease, via the effects on the oncological treatments. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the main literature results regarding the preventive and therapeutic role of nutritional schemes, specific foods, and nutrients on melanoma incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Chiara D’Eusebio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
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93
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de Melo Reis RA, Isaac AR, Freitas HR, de Almeida MM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS, Trevenzoli IH. Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:747229. [PMID: 34776851 PMCID: PMC8581450 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.747229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important brain modulatory network. ECS regulates brain homeostasis throughout development, from progenitor fate decision to neuro- and gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, brain plasticity and circuit repair, up to learning, memory, fear, protection, and death. It is a major player in the hypothalamic-peripheral system-adipose tissue in the regulation of food intake, energy storage, nutritional status, and adipose tissue mass, consequently affecting obesity. Loss of ECS control might affect mood disorders (anxiety, hyperactivity, psychosis, and depression), lead to drug abuse, and impact neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's, Parkinson, Huntington, Multiple, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum) disorders. Practice of regular physical and/or mind-body mindfulness and meditative activities have been shown to modulate endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, in addition to other players as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ECS is involved in pain, inflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions, general immune responses (asthma, allergy, and arthritis) and tumor expansion, both/either in the brain and/or in the periphery. The reason for such a vast impact is the fact that arachidonic acid, a precursor of eCBs, is present in every membrane cell of the body and on demand eCBs synthesis is regulated by electrical activity and calcium shifts. Novel lipid (lipoxins and resolvins) or peptide (hemopressin) players of the ECS also operate as regulators of physiological allostasis. Indeed, the presence of cannabinoid receptors in intracellular organelles as mitochondria or lysosomes, or in nuclear targets as PPARγ might impact energy consumption, metabolism and cell death. To live a better life implies in a vigilant ECS, through healthy diet selection (based on a balanced omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), weekly exercises and meditation therapy, all of which regulating eCBs levels, surrounded by a constructive social network. Cannabidiol, a diet supplement has been a major player with anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antioxidant activities. Cognitive challenges and emotional intelligence might strengthen the ECS, which is built on a variety of synapses that modify human behavior. As therapeutically concerned, the ECS is essential for maintaining homeostasis and cannabinoids are promising tools to control innumerous targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alinny Rosendo Isaac
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Macedo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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94
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Kikukawa H, Shimizu C, Hirono-Hara Y, Hara KY. Effect of ethanol on astaxanthin and fatty acid production in the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2034-2041. [PMID: 34689386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of detergent, ethanol and ethanol with plant meadowfoam oil on the growth of the red heterobasidomycete Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and on the production of astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) and fatty acids in this red yeast were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Ethanol supplementation at a final concentration of 0.8% (v/v) caused an increase in the growth, astaxanthin production and fatty acid production of treated X. dendrorhous compared with untreated X. dendrorhous. Supplementation of meadowfoam oil with 0.8% ethanol further improved the growth and astaxanthin production of X. dendrorhous. Fatty acid compositions following supplementation with various concentrations of ethanol and oil were also analysed. With 0.8% ethanol supplementation, the ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3, ALA) decreased. Conversely, with 1.8% ethanol supplementation, the ALA ratio increased. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol can serve as a promoting factor for coproduction of astaxanthin and fatty acids in X. dendrorhous, whereas simultaneous supplementation of ethanol and meadowfoam oil can cause further astaxanthin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Astaxanthin is widely used in various functional products because of its antioxidant activity. This study shows that X. dendrorhous can coproduce astaxanthin and functional fatty acids at high levels following supplementation with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirono-Hara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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95
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Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:146-157. [PMID: 34669143 PMCID: PMC8821409 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities are found in various inflammatory disorders and have been related to disturbed gut microbiota. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition. We hypothesized that there is an altered FA profile in CVID patients, related to gut microbial dysbiosis. METHODS Plasma FAs were measured in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls. Gut microbial profile, a food frequency questionnaire, and the effect of the oral antibiotic rifaximin were investigated in CVID patients. RESULTS The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.4 [1.0-1.8] vs. 1.9 [1.2-2.5], median (IQR), P < 0.05), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (3.2 [2.4-3.9] vs. 3.5 [2.9-4.3], P < 0.05), all values expressed as weight percent of total plasma FAs, were reduced in CVID compared to controls. Also, n-6 PUFAs (34.3 ± 3.4 vs. 37.1 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P < 0.001) and linoleic acid (LA) (24.5 ± 3.3 vs. 28.1 ± 2.7, P < 0.0001) and the FA anti-inflammatory index (98.9 [82.1-119.4] vs. 117.0 [88.7-153.1], median (IQR), P < 0.05) were reduced in CVID. The microbial alpha diversity was positively associated with plasma n-6 PUFAs (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and LA (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not n-3 PUFAs (P = 0.78). Moreover, a 2-week course of rifaximin significantly reduced the proportion of n-6 PUFAs (P = 0.04, UNIANOVA). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels correlated with plasma n-3 PUFAs (rho = 0.36, P = 0.03) and DHA (rho = 0.41, P = 0.009). CONCLUSION We found a potentially unfavorable FA profile in CVID, related to low IgG levels. High plasma n-6 PUFAs were related to increased gut microbial diversity and altered by rifaximin therapy.
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96
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Saleh RNM, West AL, Ostermann AI, Schebb NH, Calder PC, Minihane AM. APOE Genotype Modifies the Plasma Oxylipin Response to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Healthy Individuals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723813. [PMID: 34604280 PMCID: PMC8484638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediate inflammation in large part by affecting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving oxylipin concentrations. Common gene variants are thought to underlie the large inter-individual variation in oxylipin levels in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, which in turn is likely to contribute to the overall heterogeneity in response to n-3 PUFA intervention. Given its known role in inflammation and as a modulator of the physiological response to EPA and DHA, here we explore, for the first time, the differential response of plasma hydroxy-, epoxy- and dihydroxy-arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA oxylipins according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype using samples from a dose-response parallel design RCT. Healthy participants were given doses of EPA+DHA equivalent to intakes of 1, 2, and 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. There was no difference in the plasma levels of EPA, DHA or ARA between the wildtype APOE3/E3 and APOE4 carrier groups after 3 or 12 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation. At 12 months, hydroxy EPAs (HEPEs) and hydroxy-DHAs (HDHAs) were higher in APOE4 carriers, with the difference most evident at the highest EPA+DHA intake. A significant APOE*n-3 PUFA dose effect was observed for the CYP-ω hydroxylase products 19-HEPE (p = 0.027) and 20-HEPE (p = 0.011). 8-HEPE, which, along with several other plasma oxylipins, is an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), showed the highest fold change in APOE4 carriers (14-fold) compared to APOE3/E3 (4-fold) (p = 0.014). Low basal plasma EPA levels (EPA < 0.85% of total fatty acids) were associated with a greater change in 5-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 11-HEPE, and 20-HEPE compared to high basal EPA levels (EPA > 1.22% of total fatty acids). In conclusion, APOE genotype modulated the plasma oxylipin response to increased EPA+DHA intake, with APOE4 carriers presenting with the greatest increases following high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N M Saleh
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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97
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Georgel PT, Georgel P. Where Epigenetics Meets Food Intake: Their Interaction in the Development/Severity of Gout and Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752359. [PMID: 34603340 PMCID: PMC8484966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most frequent form of inflammatory arthritis in the world. Its prevalence is particularly elevated in specific geographical areas such as in the Oceania/Pacific region and is rising in the US, Europe, and Asia. Gout is a severe and painful disease, in which co-morbidities are responsible for a significant reduction in life expectancy. However, gout patients remain ostracized because the disease is still considered "self-inflicted", as a result of unhealthy lifestyle and excessive food and alcohol intake. While the etiology of gout flares is clearly associated with the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits, several major questions remain unanswered, such as the relationships between diet, hyperuricemia and gout flares or the mechanisms by which urate induces inflammation. Recent advances have identified gene variants associated with gout incidence. Nevertheless, genetic origins of gout combined to diet-related possible uric acid overproduction account for the symptoms in only a minor portion of patients. Hence, additional factors must be at play. Here, we review the impact of epigenetic mechanisms in which nutrients (such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and/or dietary-derived metabolites (like urate) trigger anti/pro-inflammatory responses that may participate in gout pathogenesis and severity. We propose that simple dietary regimens may be beneficial to complement therapeutic management or contribute to the prevention of flares in gout patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe T Georgel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Byrd Biotechnology Science Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Philippe Georgel
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Pasteur Network, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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98
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Rechek H, Haouat A, Hamaidia K, Allal H, Boudiar T, Pinto DCGA, Cardoso SM, Bensouici C, Soltani N, Silva AMS. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of an Endemic Species from Southern Algeria: Warionia saharae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175257. [PMID: 34500690 PMCID: PMC8434534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Warionia saharae Benth. & Coss. (Asteraceae) is an endemic species of North Africa naturally grown in the southwest of the Algerian Sahara. In the present study, this species’ hydromethanolic leaf extract was investigated for its phenolic profile characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). Additionally, the chemical composition of W. saharae was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and its antioxidant potential was assessed through five in vitro tests: DPPH● scavenging activity, ABTS●+ scavenging assay, galvinoxyl scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis allowed the detection and quantification of 22 compounds, with taxifolin as the dominant compound. The GC–MS analysis allowed the identification of 37 compounds, and the antioxidant activity data indicate that W. saharae extract has a very high capacity to capture radicals due to its richness in compounds with antioxidant capacity. The extract also showed potent α-glucosidase inhibition as well as a good anti-inflammatory activity. However, weak anti-α-amylase and anticholinesterase activities were recorded. Moreover, an in silico docking study was performed to highlight possible interactions between three significant compounds identified in W. saharae extract and α-glucosidase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Rechek
- Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras 41000, Algeria;
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Batna 2, Mostefa Ben Boulaid, Batna 05078, Algeria
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ammar Haouat
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Oued Souf, Oued Souf 39000, Algeria
| | - Kaouther Hamaidia
- Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras 41000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.); Tel.: +213-66-509-5858 (K.H.); +351-234-401407 (D.C.G.A.P.); +351-234-370714 (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Hamza Allal
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Technology, 20 August 1955 Skikda University, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Tarek Boudiar
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (T.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.); Tel.: +213-66-509-5858 (K.H.); +351-234-401407 (D.C.G.A.P.); +351-234-370714 (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (T.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Noureddine Soltani
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (D.C.G.A.P.); (A.M.S.S.); Tel.: +213-66-509-5858 (K.H.); +351-234-401407 (D.C.G.A.P.); +351-234-370714 (A.M.S.S.)
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99
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Sepidarkish M, Rezamand G, Qorbani M, Heydari H, Estêvão MD, Omran D, Morvaridzadeh M, Roffey DM, Farsi F, Ebrahimi S, Shokri F, Heshmati J. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on adipokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7561-7575. [PMID: 33998914 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a large body of literature reported the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) consumption on adipokines levels, but recent findings from clinical trials are not univocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs supplements on adipokines. METHODS We searched Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2020 without any particular language limitations. Outcomes were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from Hedge's g and random effects modeling. RESULTS Fifty-two trials involving 4,568 participants were included. Omega-3 FAs intake was associated with a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels (n = 43; 3,434 participants; SMD: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37; p = 0.01; I2= 80.14%). This meta-analysis indicates that supplementing participants with omega-3 fatty acids more than 2000 mg daily and more than 10 weeks resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in plasma adiponectin levels. However, omega-3 FAs intake had no significant effect on leptin levels (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.20, 0.17, I2= 54.13%). CONCLUSION The evidence supports a beneficial effect of omega-3 FAs intake on serum adiponectin levels but does not appear to impact on leptin concentrations. Larger well-designed RCTs are still required to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs on leptin in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dalia Omran
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Thabet hospital for Endemic diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Darren M Roffey
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Shokri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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100
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Meccariello R, D’Angelo S. Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:507. [PMID: 33805092 PMCID: PMC8064059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
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