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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhang F, Zhang S, Du W, Xiao X. Integrating Pharmacokinetics Study, Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of Qiliqiangxin Capsule Against Chronic Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1046. [PMID: 31619994 PMCID: PMC6759796 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to propose an integrated strategy for investigating the mechanism of Qiliqiangxin capsule (QLQX) to treat chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: Pharmacokinetics analysis was performed to screen the active components of QLQX using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. We then constructed the component-target network between the targets of active components in QLQX and CHF using Cytoscape. A network analysis, including topological parameters, clustering, and pathway enrichment, was established to identify the hub targets and pathways. Finally, some of the predicted hub targets were validated experimentally in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (HCMEC). Results: We identified 29 active components in QLQX, and 120 consensus potential targets were determined by the pharmacokinetics analysis and network pharmacology approach. Further network analysis indicated that 6 target genes, namely, VEGFA, CYP1A1, CYP2B6, ATP1A1, STAT3, and STAT4, and 10 predicted functional genes, namely, KDR, FLT1, NRP2, JAK2, EGFR, IL-6, AHR, ATP1B1, JAK1, and HIF1A, may be the primary targets regulated by QLQX for the treatment of CHF. Among these targets, VEGFA, IL-6, p-STAT3, and p-JAK2 were selected for validation in the HCMEC. The results indicated that QLQX may inhibit inflammatory processes and promote angiogenesis in CHF via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study provides a strategy for understanding the mechanism of QLQX against CHF by combining pharmacokinetics study, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingdan Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fugeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wuxun Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities of phenolic compounds and organic acids from Camellia oleifera cake. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:17-25. [PMID: 31976123 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the antioxidants and antibacterial activity from natural substances. The purpose of the research was to gain and distinguish phenolic substances and organic acids in the Camellia oleifera cake, and to study their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The extraction and purification of them were achieved by solvent extraction and column separation, respectively. The conclusions displayed that purity of the phenolic substances was 94.1 ± 0.5% w/w and that of organic acid was 96.0 ± 0.3% w/w; Fifteen phenolic substances were certificated using HPLC-ESI-MS technology; oxalic, citric, acetic, malic, and succinic acids are discovered to be main organic acids. In addition, the phenolic substances and organic acids both have good antioxidant activity and obvious inhibition against six species of bacteria. These conclusions can be useful in the reuse of the waste of Camellia oleifera oil industry in the future.
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Xu X, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu B, Chen H, He J, Luo Y, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J. Dietary apple polyphenols supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity and improves lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1512-1520. [PMID: 31268198 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apple polyphenols (APPs) are biologically active flavonoids that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, improving insulin sensitivity, hypocholesterolaemic effect and antiviral properties. This study was conducted to explore effects of dietary APPs supplementation on antioxidant activities and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Fifty-four weaned piglets (half male and female) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates in each group and three piglets in each repetition. Piglets were fed control diet (basal diet) or a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg APPs for 6 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected to determine biochemical, antioxidant and lipid metabolism parameters. Here we showed that dietary APPs supplementation increased HDL-C and decreased T-CHO, TG and LDL-C concentrations. Dietary APPs supplementation increased antioxidative capacity in serum and CAT activity in liver, and significantly increased the mRNA expressions of CAT, GST and SOD1 in liver. ACC mRNA level and LPL activity were tended to decrease by APPs. HMG-CoAR, CTP7A1, CD36 and FATP1 mRNA levels were decreased by APPs, while LDL-R, PGC-1α, Sirt1 and CPT1b mRNA levels were increased by 400 mg/kg APPs. No alterations in growth performance were found in all treatments. This study firstly provided the evidence that dietary APPs supplementation could enhance systemic antioxidant capacity and improve lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. The mechanism by which APPs improve lipid metabolism might be through regulating hepatic cholesterol metabolism and increasing fatty acid oxidation, and decreasing fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Polyphenols as Immunomodulatory Compounds in the Tumor Microenvironment: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071714. [PMID: 30959898 PMCID: PMC6479528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural antioxidant compounds ubiquitously found in plants and, thus, ever present in human nutrition (tea, wine, chocolate, fruits and vegetables are typical examples of polyphenol-rich foods). Widespread evidence indicate that polyphenols exert strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities, and thus, they are generally regarded to as all-purpose beneficial nutraceuticals or supplements whose use can only have a positive influence on the body. A closer look to the large body of results of years of investigations, however, present a more complex scenario where polyphenols exert different and, sometimes, paradoxical effects depending on dose, target system and cell type and the biological status of the target cell. Particularly, the immunomodulatory potential of polyphenols presents two opposite faces to researchers trying to evaluate their usability in future cancer therapies: on one hand, these compounds could be beneficial suppressors of peri-tumoral inflammation that fuels cancer growth. On the other hand, they might suppress immunotherapeutic approaches and give rise to immunosuppressive cell clones that, in turn, would aid tumor growth and dissemination. In this review, we summarize knowledge of the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols with a particular focus on cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy, highlighting conceptual pitfalls and delicate cell-specific effects in order to aid the design of future therapies involving polyphenols as chemoadjuvants.
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M. Sorour S, A. Elnoury H. Forskolin Modulate Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) gene Expression and Halts Experimentally-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Hegazy MG, Emam MA, Khattab HI, Helal NM. Biological activity of Echinops spinosus on inhibition of paracetamol-induced renal inflammation. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:176-186. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the possible mechanisms through which Echinops spinosus (ES) extract demonstrates nephroprotective effect on the paracetamol acetominophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (six rats each). The placebo group was orally administered sterile saline, the APAP group received APAP (200 mg·kg–1·day–1 i.p.) daily, the ES group was given ES extract orally (250 mg/kg), and the APAP + ES group received APAP as for the APAP group and administrated the ES extract as for the ES group. Pretreatment of methyl alcohol extract of ES reduced the protein expression of inflammatory parameters including cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor κB in the kidney. It also reduced the mRNA gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. The ES extract compensated for deficits in the total antioxidant activity, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and amended the APAP-induced histopathological kidney alterations. Moreover, ES treatment restored the elevated levels of urea nitrogen in the blood and creatinine in the serum by APAP. The ES extract attenuated the APAP-induced elevations in renal nitric oxide levels. We clarified that the ES extract has the potential to defend the kidney from APAP-induced inflammation, and the protection mechanism might be through decreasing oxidative stress and regulating the inflammatory signaling pathway through modulating key signaling inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa G.A. Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A. Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat I. Khattab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M. Helal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Z, Li J, Wang Y, Liu Q. CDK4/6 inhibitor protects against myocardial cells apoptosis by inhibiting RB phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:949-953. [PMID: 30642631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is typical in human cancers, and CDK4/6 inhibitors targeting cell cycle have potential antiapoptosis effect. The aim of this work is to identify the regulatory effect of Palbociclib on apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by high glucose (HG) and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms. It was observed that Palbociclib decreased intracellular ROS production, augmented mitochondrial membrane potential and hindered apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Palbociclib increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, diminished the expressions of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and affected the RB phosphorylation and p53 expression. Altogether, the anti-apoptotic efficacy of Palbociclib could be attributed in part to the modulation of the mitochondria apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Latypova GM, Bychenkova MA, Katayev VA, Perfilova VN, Tyurenkov IN, Mokrousov IS, Prokofiev II, Salikhov SM, Iksanova GR. Composition and cardioprotective effects of Primula veris L. solid herbal extract in experimental chronic heart failure. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:17-26. [PMID: 30668367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High interest in chronic heart failure (CHF) is accounted for by its high incidence, poor prognosis, growing number of hospital admissions due to the heart failure relapse, and inadequate treatment. These facts necessitate a search for new pharmacological agents for the CHF correction. Herbal medicinal products appear to be very promising as they have a noticeable therapeutic effect and tend to be more harmless in comparison to the most of synthesized medications. PURPOSE Our aim was to study the composition of the Primula veris L. solid herbal extract (PVSHE) and its effects on the myocardial contractile function in animals with experimental CHF. STUDY DESIGN The study design involved the identification of the raw material composition of the P. veris L. extract. For the experimental part of our research, we used the model of CHF to elucidate the cardioprotective properties of PVSHE. METHODS The active extract constituents were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography; the extract components were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS). To model CHF, L-isoproterenol at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to the experimental rats twice a day for 21 days. Cardiac output was assessed with the loading test, adrenoreactivity test, and maximum isometric loading test; CHF markers adrenomedullin and copeptin were detected in blood plasma with ELISA kit for adrenomedullin and copeptin (Coud-Clone Corp., USA). RESULTS P. veris L. solid herbal extract contains flavonoid aglycons (apigenin, quercetine, kaemferol), flavonoid glycosides (cinarozid, rutin, hyperozid), as well as polymethoxylated flavonoids acting as chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Primula (8-methoxy-flavone; 3',4'methylenedioxy-5'-methoxyflavone). The substance 3',4'methylenedioxy-5'-methoxyflavone has been isolated from the primrose herb for the first time. We showed that the PVSHE has a cardioprotective effect when it was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg in the experimental CHF, as evidenced by a lower number of animal death, lower level of CHF markers in the blood plasma of the experimental animals, the higher increase in rate of myocardial contraction and relaxation, the higher level of left ventricular pressure (LVP) and of maximum intensity of structural performance (MISP), as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION P. veris L. solid herbal extract contains flavonoid aglycons, flavonoid glycosides, and polymethoxylated flavonoids. The herbal agent increases the myocardial contractility in experimental CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Latypova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - M A Bychenkova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - V A Katayev
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - I S Mokrousov
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - I I Prokofiev
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Sh M Salikhov
- Ufa Institute of the Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oktyabrya av., 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - G R Iksanova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
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Protective Effects of Galium verum L. Extract against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4235405. [PMID: 30863479 PMCID: PMC6378796 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4235405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galium verum L. (G. verum, lady's bedstraw) is a perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It has been widely used throughout history due to multiple therapeutic properties. However, the effects of this plant species on functional recovery of the heart after ischemia have still not been fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of methanol extract of G. verum on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), with a special emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Rats involved in the research were divided randomly into two groups: control (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)) and G. verum group, including SHR rats treated with the G. verum extract (500 mg/kg body weight per os) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, in vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for spectrophotometric determination of systemic redox state. Hearts from all rats were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. After a stabilization period, hearts were subjected to 20-minute ischemia, followed by 30-minute reperfusion. Levels of prooxidants were spectrophotometrically measured in coronary venous effluent, while antioxidant enzymes activity was assessed in heart tissue. Cell morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. 4-week treatment with G. verum extract alleviated left ventricular hypertrophy and considerably improved in vivo cardiac function. Furthermore, G. verum extract preserved cardiac contractility, systolic function, and coronary vasodilatory response after ischemia. Moreover, it alleviated I/R-induced structural damage of the heart. Additionally, G. verum extract led to a drop in the generation of most of the measured prooxidants, thus mitigating cardiac oxidative damage. Promising potential of G. verum in the present study may be a basis for further researches which would fully clarify the mechanisms through which this plant species triggers cardioprotection.
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Guesmi F, Khantouche L, Mehrez A, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Thyme Essential Oil on H 2O 2 Stress in Heart Tissues. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:308-314. [PMID: 30718156 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus algeriensis (T. algeriensis) is traditionally used in Tunisia to treat many human diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether terpenes extracted from the aerial parts of T. algeriensis are potent cardioprotective agents for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. METHOD Thirty (30) rats were divided into six groups as per the experimental design: control (n = 6); 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 (LD H2O2) (n = 6); 1 mmol/L H2O2 (HD H2O2) (n = 6); oily fraction of T. algeriensis (OFTS) (180 mg/kg b.wt) (n = 6); OFTS + 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 (n = 6); and OFTS + 1 mmol/L H2O2 (n = 6). RESULTS The H2O2 demonstrated concentration-dependent cardiotoxic effects in vitro. While, exposure of rats to OFTS significantly depleted H2O2-induced protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, it raised antioxidant defence enzymes, and protected against H2O2-induced histopathological alterations. The antioxidant potential of the thyme essence was assessed by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. CONCLUSION In conclusion, OFTS may be a potential compound for the therapy of oxidative stress-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Linda Khantouche
- Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, La Marsa, 2075, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mehrez
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- Service of Anatomo-Pathology of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Wang J, Xu J, Gong X, Yang M, Zhang C, Li M. Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology of Polyphenols from Chinese Salvia Species: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E155. [PMID: 30609767 PMCID: PMC6337547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia species find widespread application in food and pharmaceutical products owing to their large polyphenol content. The main polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species are phenolic acids and flavonoids, which exhibit anti-oxygenation, anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-thrombosis, anti-tumour, and other therapeutic effects. However, there are few peer-reviewed studies on polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species, especially flavonoids. This review is a systematic, comprehensive collation of available information on the biosynthesis, chemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this review provides a detailed literary resource on the currently available information on various polyphenolic components of Chinese Salvia species, including their bioactivities and structures. In addition, the study provides information that would encourage further investigation of this plant material as a natural resource with potential for a broad range of applications in various industries, such as the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianping Xu
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xue Gong
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Protection Engineering Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wang L, Sun R, Zhang Q, Luo Q, Zeng S, Li X, Gong X, Li Y, Lu L, Hu M, Liu Z. An update on polyphenol disposition via coupled metabolic pathways. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:151-165. [PMID: 30583703 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1559815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyphenols, which are widely distributed in plants and the human diets, are known to have numerous biological activities. However, the low bioavailability of polyphenols is mediated by coupled metabolic pathways. Areas covered: The key role of the interplay between drug metabolic enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters (ETs), nuclear receptors (NRs), and intestinal microflora in the disposition of polyphenols is summarized. Expert opinion: ETs are shown to act as a 'revolving door', facilitating and/or controlling cellular polyphenol glucuronide/sulfate excretion. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the glucuronidation/sulfation-transport interplay and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of glucuronide/sulfate efflux by an ET is important. Some new physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models could be developed to predict the interplay between glucuronides/sulfates and ETs. Additionally, the combined actions of uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, ETs, and intestinal microflora/enterocyte-derived β-glucuronidase enable triple recycling (local, enteric, and enterohepatic recycling), thereby increasing the residence time of polyphenols and their glucuronides in the local intestine and liver. Further studies are necessary to explore these recycling mechanisms and interactions between polyphenols and the intestinal microbiota. Since NRs govern the inducible expression of target genes that encode DMEs and ETs. Determination of the regulation mechanism mediated by NRs using transgenic and knockout animals is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Rongjin Sun
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Qing Luo
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Sijing Zeng
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Xia Gong
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Linlin Lu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Hu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.,c Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- a Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , SAR , China
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Jakovljevic V, Milic P, Bradic J, Jeremic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Nikolic Turnic T, Milosavljevic I, Jeremic N, Bolevich S, Labudovic Borovic M, Mitrovic M, Vucic V. Standardized Aronia melanocarpa Extract as Novel Supplement against Metabolic Syndrome: A Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E6. [PMID: 30577476 PMCID: PMC6337203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the effects of different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd) or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized oral supplementation (0.45 mL/kg/day) of Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SAE is an official product of pharmaceutical company Pharmanova (Belgrade, Serbia); however, the procedure for extraction was done by EU-Chem company (Belgrade, Serbia). Rats were divided randomly into six groups: control with Sd, control with Sd and SAE, MetS with HFd, MetS with HFd and SAE, MetS with Sd and MetS with Sd and SAE during 4 weeks. At the end of the 4-week protocol, cardiac function and liver morphology were assessed, while in the blood samples glucose, insulin, iron levels and systemic redox state were determined. Our results demonstrated that SAE had the ability to lower blood pressure and exert benefits on in vivo and ex vivo heart function. Moreover, SAE improved glucose tolerance, attenuated pathological liver alterations and oxidative stress present in MetS. Obtained beneficial effects of SAE were more prominent in combination with changing dietary habits. Promising potential of SAE supplementation alone or in combination with different dietary protocols in triggering cardioprotection should be further examined in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Petar Milic
- Department of Pharmacy, High Medical School of Professional Studies in Cuprija, Lole Ribara 1/2, 35000 Cuprija, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 8, 11000 Belgrad, Serbia.
| | | | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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64
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Kim HY, Noh JR, Moon SJ, Choi DH, Kim YH, Kim KS, Yook HS, An JP, Oh WK, Hwang JH, Lee CH. Sicyos angulatus ameliorates acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress via upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. Redox Rep 2018; 23:206-212. [PMID: 30426855 PMCID: PMC6748690 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2018.1546986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of Sicyos angulatus (SA) ethanolic extracts as antioxidants and potential treatments for liver disease. METHODS To establish a mouse model of liver injury, C57BL/6 male mice were injected via the caudal vein with a single dose of concanavalin A (Con A, 15 mg kg-1). SA extracts were administered once by oral gavage 30 min before Con A injection. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that SA decreased tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. SA administration reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, as well as hepatic ROS levels, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SA increased the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SA treatment reduced pro-apoptotic protein levels. Con A-mediated cytosolic release of Smac/DIABLO and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), which are markers of necrosis, were dramatically decreased in HepG2 cells treated with SA. CONCLUSION SA ameliorated liver injury and might be a good strategy for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Food and Nutrition , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Je Moon
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,b University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,b University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sun Yook
- c Department of Food and Nutrition , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- d Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keon Oh
- d Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,b University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- a Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,b University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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65
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Cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of Potentilla reptans L. root via Nrf2 pathway in an isolated rat heart ischemia/reperfusion model. Life Sci 2018; 215:216-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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66
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2155-2172. [PMID: 30551473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time, myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy and reduced systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in the diabetic heart are most likely multifactorial and include, but not limited to, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this review is to address the major molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, this review provides studies conducted to determine the pharmacological effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, focusing on its therapeutic potential against the processes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. EGCG has been shown to exert several potential therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Given its therapeutic potential, EGCG might be a promising drug candidate to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with DCM and other diabetes complications.
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67
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De Los Santos S, Palma-Flores C, Zentella-Dehesa A, Canto P, Coral-Vázquez RM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits development of dilated cardiomyopathy in δ sarcoglycan null mouse. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1188-1195. [PMID: 30143409 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies propose that (-)-epicatechin, a flavonol present in high concentration in the cocoa, has cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of (-)-epicatechin on the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in a δ sarcoglycan null mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS δ Sarcoglycan null mice were treated for 15 days with (-)-epicatechin. Histological and morphometric analysis of the hearts treated mutant mice showed significant reduction of the vasoconstrictions in the coronary arteries as well as fewer areas with fibrosis and a reduction in the loss of the ventricular wall. On the contrary, it was observed a thickening of this region. By Western blot analysis, it was shown, and increment in the phosphorylation level of eNOS and PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K proteins in the heart of the (-)-epicatechin treated animals. On the other hand, we observed a significantly decreased level of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) heart failure markers. CONCLUSION All the results indicate that (-)-epicatechin has the potential to prevent the development of dilated cardiomyopathy of genetic origin and encourages the use of this flavonol as a pharmacological therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/prevention & control
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Sarcoglycans/deficiency
- Sarcoglycans/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Los Santos
- División de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Clínica de Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Palma-Flores
- División de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico; Catedrático CONACYT, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Clínica de Obesidad, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R M Coral-Vázquez
- División de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico.
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68
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Grosso G. Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081089. [PMID: 30110959 PMCID: PMC6115785 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that polyphenol-rich foods intake may be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases. The Special Issue “Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health” comprised 64 peer-reviewed papers on the most recent evidence regarding the dietary intake of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods, as well as their effect toward the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Original contributions and literature reviews demonstrated the potential protective effects of polyphenol-rich foods and their extracts toward cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases, mostly through anti-oxidant and chemo-preventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK.
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69
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Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Protects against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2179021. [PMID: 30158990 PMCID: PMC6109504 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2179021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Growing evidence indicates that cabbage has various pharmacological properties against a wide range of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hepatic diseases, and cancer. However, little is known about its effects on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes or the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of cabbage extract on oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitochondrial functions, and expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins were analyzed to elucidate the antioxidant effects of this extract. Cabbage extract protected against H2O2-induced cell death and did not elicit any cytotoxic effects. In addition, cabbage extract suppressed ROS production and increased expression of antioxidant proteins (SOD-1, catalase, and GPx). Cabbage extract also inhibited apoptotic responses and activation of MAPK proteins (ERK1/2, JNK, and p-38) in oxidative stress-exposed H9c2 cells. Notably, cabbage extract preserved mitochondrial functions upon oxidative stress. These findings reveal that cabbage extract protects against oxidative stress and suggest that it can be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent the oxidative stress in the heart.
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70
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Song Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Jia Y, Zhao J, Wang F, Bai J, Cheng L, Gao K, Liu M, Yao M, Li L, Zhang Y, Wen A, He L. Salvianolic acid A ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F254-F262. [PMID: 29384417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00508.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) has been shown to prevent and treat ischemic cardiovascular, as well as cerebral vascular diseases. However, little is known about Sal A in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a renal I/R injury model in rats and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to damage proximal renal tubular cells (HK-2) were used to assess whether Sal A halts the development and progression of renal I/R injury. As compared with vehicle treatment, Sal A significantly attenuated kidney injury after renal I/R injury, accompanied by decreases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells, and kidney oxidative stress. Sal A also activated phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) compared with vehicle-treated I/R injury rats. In H/R-injured HK-2 cells, Sal A can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species in a dose-related manner. Similar to the results from in vivo experiments, in vitro Sal A also increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) compared with vehicle. Furthermore, the cytoprotective activity of Sal A was inhibited by LY294002 and rapamycin. These findings indicate that Sal A can ameliorate renal I/R injury and promote tubular cell survival partly via the Akt/mTOR/4EBP1pathway. Sal A could be a candidate compound to prevent ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Lianghua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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71
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Shi W, Deng H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cui G. Mitochondria-Targeting Small Molecules Effectively Prevent Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin. Molecules 2018; 23:E1486. [PMID: 29921817 PMCID: PMC6099719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of numerous cancers. However, the clinical use of Dox is limited by its unwanted cardiotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. To mitigate Dox-related cardiotoxicity, considerable successful examples of a variety of small molecules that target mitochondria to modulate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity have appeared in recent years. Here, we review the related literatures and discuss the evidence showing that mitochondria-targeting small molecules are promising cardioprotective agents against Dox-induced cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Guozhen Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China.
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Cucurbitacin I Protects H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress via Protection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3016382. [PMID: 29682157 PMCID: PMC5845511 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3016382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin I, a triterpenoid natural compound, exhibits various pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, antioxidant effects of cucurbitacin I in cardiac cells are currently unknown. In the present study, we assessed the preventive effects of cucurbitacin I against the oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. To evaluate antioxidant effects of cucurbitacin I in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, H2O2-treated H9c2 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of the cucurbitacin I. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were determined to elucidate the protective effects of cucurbitacin I against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. In addition, we assessed the mitochondrial functions and protein expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Cucurbitacin I prevented the cells against cell death and ROS production and elevated the antioxidant protein levels upon oxidative stress. Furthermore, cucurbitacin I preserved the mitochondrial functions and inhibited the apoptotic responses in H2O2-treated cells. Cucurbitacin I also suppressed the activation of MAPK proteins (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38). Collectively, cucurbitacin I potentially protects the H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against oxidative stress and further suggests that it can be utilized as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of oxidative stress in cardiac injury.
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Zhao D, Shi D, Sun J, Li H, Zhao M, Sun B. Quantification and cytoprotection by vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol against AAPH-induced abnormal oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35474-35484. [PMID: 35547925 PMCID: PMC9087904 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol, three phenolic compounds in Gujinggong (GJG) Chinese baijiu (Chinese liquor), were quantified by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated for their possible cytoprotective effects by AAPH-induced HepG2 cell model. To confirm whether vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol protected HepG2 cells against AAPH-induced abnormal oxidative stress via motivating the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway, the gene and protein expression of Nrf2, Keap1, SOD, CAT, and GPx from the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway were measured with real-time PCR and western blot. Three levels of treatment doses (1000, 500, and 100 mg L−1) were applied. Results showed that vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol exhibited potent cytoprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner, greatly alleviating or reversing the increased oxidative stress induced by AAPH through up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, and GPx, and thereby, significantly improving the intracellular antioxidant defense system in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it was confirmed that vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol, natural components of Chinese baijiu, were able to modulate the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidative enzymes (i.e., SOD, CAT, and GPx) against AAPH-induced abnormal oxidative stress. Further, this study lays the foundation for better illustrating the health benefits of Chinese baijiu. Vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol widely exist in Gujinggong Chinese baijiu and could protect HepG2 cells against oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Hehe Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
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Wang M, Zhang XJ, Feng R, Jiang Y, Zhang DY, He C, Li P, Wan JB. Hepatoprotective properties of Penthorum chinense Pursh against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Chin Med 2017; 12:32. [PMID: 29093747 PMCID: PMC5663075 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penthorum chinense Pursh (Penthoraceae, PCP), a well-known Miao ethnomedicine, has been traditionally used to treat several liver-related diseases, such as jaundice and viral hepatitis. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the probable properties of the aqueous extract of PCP on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)—induced acute liver injury in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were orally administered an aqueous extract of PCP (5.15 and 10.3 g/kg BW) or silymarin (100 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week prior to CCl4 exposure. Silymarin serves as a positive drug to validate the effectivenes of PCP. Results A single dose of CCl4 exposure caused severe acute liver injury in mice, as evidenced by the elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine phosphatase (ALP), and the increased TUNEL-positive cells in liver, which were remarkably ameliorated by the pretreatment of PCP. PCP was also found to decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), restore the glutathione (GSH) and enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver. In addition, the pretreatment of PCP inhibited the degradation of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target proteins in CCl4-treated mice. Conclusion Results indicated that the pretreatment of PCP (10.3 g/kg BW) effectively protected against CCl4-induced acute liver injury, which was comparable to efficacy of silymarin (100 mg/kg). This hepatoprotective effects might be attributed to amelioration of CCl4-induced oxidative stress via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0153-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Sichuan New Lotus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- Sichuan New Lotus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6034, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Macao, People's Republic of China
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Zhao D, Sun J, Sun B, Zhao M, Zheng F, Huang M, Sun X, Li H. Intracellular antioxidant effect of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol: three components in Chinese Baijiu. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol can improve AAPH-induced alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
| | - Hehe Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
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