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Highly tumorigenic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with cancer stem cell-like properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171215. [PMID: 28152020 PMCID: PMC5289561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited numbers of models to study hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo in immunocompetent hosts. In an effort to develop a cell line with improved tumorigenicity, we derived a new cell line from Hepa1-6 cells through an in vivo passage in C57BL/6 mice. The resulting Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed enhanced tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 with more frequent (28±12 vs. 0±0 lesions at 21 days) and more rapid tumor development (21 (100%) vs. 70 days (10%)) in C57BL/6 mice. The minimal Dt81Hepa1-6 cell number required to obtain visible tumors was 100,000 cells. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line showed high hepatotropism with subcutaneous injection leading to liver tumors without development of tumors in lungs or spleen. In vitro, Dt81Hepa1-6 cells showed increased anchorage-independent growth (34.7±6.8 vs. 12.3±3.3 colonies; P<0.05) and increased EpCAM (8.7±1.1 folds; P<0.01) and β-catenin (5.4±1.0 folds; P<0.01) expression. A significant proportion of Dt81Hepa1-6 cells expressed EpCAM compared to Hepa1-6 (34.8±1.1% vs 0.9±0.13%; P<0.001). Enriched EpCAM+ Dt81Hepa1-6 cells led to higher tumor load than EpCAM- Dt81Hepa1-6 cells (1093±74 vs 473±100 tumors; P<0.01). The in vivo selected Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line shows high liver specificity and increased tumorigenicity compared to Hepa1-6 cells. These properties are associated with increased expression of EpCAM and β-catenin confirming that EpCAM+ HCC cells comprise a subset with characteristics of tumor-initiating cells with stem/progenitor cell features. The Dt81Hepa1-6 cell line with its cancer stem cell-like properties will be a useful tool for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.
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Than NN, Ghazanfar A, Hodson J, Tehami N, Coldham C, Mergental H, Manas D, Shah T, Newsome PN, Reeves H, Shetty S. Comparing clinical presentations, treatments and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. QJM 2017; 110:73-81. [PMID: 27634970 PMCID: PMC5444673 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in incidence in the UK and globally. Liver cirrhosis is the common cause for developing HCC. The common reasons for liver cirrhosis are viral hepatitis C (HCV), viral hepatitis B and alcohol. However, HCC caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-cirrhosis is now increasingly as a result of rising worldwide obesity. AIM : To compare the clinical presentation, treatment options and outcomes of HCC due to HCV and NAFLD patients. METHODS Data were collected from two liver transplant centres in the UK (Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne) between 2000 and 2014. We compared 275 patients with HCV-related HCC against 212 patients with NAFLD- related HCC. RESULTS Patients in the NAFLD group were found to be significantly older ( P < 0.001) and more likely to be Caucasian ( P < 0.001). They had lower rates of cirrhosis ( P < 0.001) than those in HCV-HCC group. The NAFLD group presented with significantly larger tumours ( P = 0.009), whilst HCV patients had a higher alpha fetoprotein ( P = 0.018). NAFLD patients were more commonly treated with TACE ( P = 0.005) than the HCV patients, whilst the HCV group were significantly more likely to be transplanted ( P < 0.001). In patients selected for liver transplantation, 5-year survival rates in NAFLD were not significantly different from HCV-HCC (44 and 56% respectively, P = 0.102). CONCLUSION In this study, NAFLD patients presented with larger tumours that were less likely to be amenable to curative therapy, as compared with HCV patients. Despite this disadvantage, patients with NAFLD had similar overall survival compared to patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwe Ni Than
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anwar Ghazanfar
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Hodson
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Nadeem Tehami
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Coldham
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hynek Mergental
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek Manas
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tahir Shah
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Reeves
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shishir Shetty
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Tran NL, Sitia G. New players in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced carcinogenesis: lipid dysregulation impairs liver immune surveillance. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016; 5:511-514. [PMID: 28124011 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2016.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Pivovarova O, Höhn A, Grune T, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N. Insulin-degrading enzyme: new therapeutic target for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease? Ann Med 2016; 48:614-624. [PMID: 27320287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1197416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a major enzyme responsible for insulin degradation. In addition to insulin, IDE degrades many targets including glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, and beta-amyloid peptide, regulates proteasomal degradation and other cell functions. IDE represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potent and selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for therapies of both diseases. Acute treatment with a novel IDE inhibitor was recently tested in a mouse study as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM. In contrast, effective IDE activators can be used for the AD treatment. However, because of the pleiotropic IDE action, the sustained treatment with systemic IDE modulators should be carefully tested in animal studies. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets. KEY MESSAGES Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) represents a pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective modulators of IDE activity are potential drugs for both T2DM and AD treatment. Development of substrate-selective IDE modulators could overcome possible adverse effects of IDE modulators associated with multiplicity of IDE targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany.,d Department of Molecular Toxicology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,e German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany.,b Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition , Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany.,c German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , München , Germany
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55
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Genotyping of coding single nucleotide variants of the hOAT2[SLC22A7] gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver tumor. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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56
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Deochand C, Tong M, Agarwal AR, Cadenas E, de la Monte SM. Tobacco Smoke Exposure Impairs Brain Insulin/IGF Signaling: Potential Co-Factor Role in Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:373-86. [PMID: 26682684 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies suggest tobacco smoking is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, experimental data linking tobacco smoke exposures to underlying mediators of neurodegeneration, including impairments in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in AD are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that cigarette smoke (CS) exposures can impair brain insulin/IGF signaling and alter expression of AD-associated proteins. METHODS Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air for 8 weeks (A8), CS for 4 or 8 weeks (CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR analysis and proteins were measured by multiplex bead-based or direct binding duplex ELISAs. RESULTS CS exposure effects on insulin/IGF and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and phosphorylated proteins were striking compared with the mRNA. The main consequences of CS4 or CS8 exposures were to significantly reduce insulin R, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and tyrosine phosphorylated insulin R and IGF-1R proteins. Paradoxically, these effects were even greater in the CS8+R group. In addition, relative levels of S312-IRS-1, which inhibits downstream signaling, were increased in the CS4, CS8, and CS8+R groups. Correspondingly, CS and CS8+R exposures inhibited expression of proteins and phosphoproteins required for signaling through Akt, PRAS40, and/or p70S6K, increased AβPP-Aβ, and reduced ASPH protein, which is a target of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Secondhand CS exposures caused molecular and biochemical abnormalities in brain that overlap with the findings in AD, and many of these effects were sustained or worsened despite short-term CS withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetram Deochand
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amit R Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Divisions of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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57
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Ozawa T, Maehara N, Kai T, Arai S, Miyazaki T. Dietary fructose-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development manifested in mice lacking apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM). Genes Cells 2016; 21:1320-1332. [PMID: 27813205 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fructose, including the use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener, has increased continuously in recent decades. Although the involvement of fructose in the development of metabolic diseases has been emphasized recently, whether fructose intake increases susceptibility to steatosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Here, we investigated this issue using mice lacking a circulating protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM, encoded by cd5l). AIM does not induce carcinogenesis of hepatocytes, but provokes necrotic death specifically in AIM-bound cancer cells through complement cascade activation, thereby preventing HCC tumor development in wild-type mice. When subjected to a high-fructose diet (HFrD), AIM-deficient (AIM-/- ) mice showed liver steatosis and subsequent liver inflammation as well as fibrosis, but at much milder levels compared with mice fed a high-fat diet. However, AIM-/- mice were markedly susceptible to HCC tumor development, whereas no wild-type mice developed the disease. Systemic metabolic states, including obesity and insulin resistance, were similar in both types of mice after HFrD challenge, indicating no influence of AIM on HFrD-induced metabolic changes. Our results suggest that dietary fructose increases the risk for liver carcinogenesis and that individuals with low blood AIM levels may be susceptible to HCC under chronic fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ozawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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58
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Tarantino G, Magistri P, Ballarin R, Di Francia R, Berretta M, Di Benedetto F. Oncological Impact of M-Tor Inhibitor Immunosuppressive Therapy after Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Review of the Literature. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:387. [PMID: 27818634 PMCID: PMC5073152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections and alcohol abuse are the principal etiological factors for HCC. Liver transplantation (LT) is oncologically the preferable approach to HCC, as it can remove all the intrahepatic tumor foci, and also the oncogenic cirrhotic liver. The use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) for immunosuppression after LT for HCC has been proposed due to rapamycin antitumor activity. We decided to review the literature to clarify the oncological role of mTORi after liver transplantation for HCC, analyzing both present condition and future perspectives. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Central. The search was limited to studies in humans and to those reported in the English language in the period of time between January 2005 and December 2015. Results: The literature search yielded 93 articles; after duplicates were removed, 77 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Most relevant data and papers are herein reported and discussed. Conclusions: So far, the use of mTORi is encouraging in terms of oncological outcomes for patients underwent LT for HCC, both for prevention and treatment of HCC recurrence although definitive data are still awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tarantino
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Magistri
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza - University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ballarin
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
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Brito AF, Abrantes AM, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What did we Discover so Far? Oncol Rev 2016; 10:302. [PMID: 27994769 PMCID: PMC5136756 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasingly considered an issue of global importance. Its rates of incidence and mortality have been markedly increasing over the last decades. Among risk factors, some should be highlighted, namely the infections by hepatitis B and C virus, as well as clinical cases of cirrhosis. HCC is characterized as asymptomatic disease in the initial stages which most often leads to a late diagnosis. At molecular and genetic level HCC represents a highly complex tumor entity, including a wide variety of mutations, thus accounting for different mechanisms of resistance towards therapeutic approaches. In particular, mutations of the TP53 gene, as well as a deregulation between the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family are observed. Regarding treatment modalities, surgical procedures offer the best chance of cure, however, due to a late diagnosis, most of concerned patients cannot be subjected to them. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also ineffective, and currently, the treatment with sorafenib is the most commonly used systemic therapy although it can only increase the patient survival for some months. In this sense, a quick and accurate investigation is of utmost importance in order to develop ways of early diagnosis as well as new therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Brito
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas. 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. +351.239480200 - +351.239480217.
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Marcelo KL, Means AR, York B. The Ca(2+)/Calmodulin/CaMKK2 Axis: Nature's Metabolic CaMshaft. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:706-718. [PMID: 27449752 PMCID: PMC5035586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an essential ligand that binds its primary intracellular receptor calmodulin (CaM) to trigger a variety of downstream processes and pathways. Central to the actions of Ca(2+)/CaM is the activation of a highly conserved Ca(2+)/CaM kinase (CaMK) cascade that amplifies Ca(2+) signals through a series of subsequent phosphorylation events. Proper regulation of Ca(2+) flux is necessary for whole-body metabolism and disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis has been linked to various metabolic diseases. Here we provide a synthesis of recent advances that highlight the roles of the Ca(2+)/CaMK axis in key metabolic tissues. An appreciation of this information is critical to understanding the mechanisms by which Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent signaling contributes to metabolic homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina L Marcelo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony R Means
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Moore MS, Ivanina E, Bornschlegel K, Qiao B, Schymura MJ, Laraque F. Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Viral Hepatitis in New York City. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1577-1583. [PMID: 27585801 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing in the United States. Viral hepatitis infection is a primary risk factor for HCC. This study describes the relationship between viral hepatitis and HCC in New York City (NYC). METHODS Viral hepatitis cases reported to the NYC Department of Health from 1999-2012 were matched to HCC cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2012 and reported to the New York State Cancer Registry. HCC cases were stratified by the presence or absence of viral hepatitis. Demographic characteristics, factors associated with specific causes of death, and survival time were analyzed for all HCC cases. RESULTS From 2001-2012, a total of 8827 NYC residents had HCC diagnosed; 38.4% had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 17.9% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 2.2% had both. Patients with HCC were predominantly men (74.8%), with equal proportions of white non-Hispanic (28.6%) and Hispanic (28.9%) patients. Those with HBV infection were primarily Asian/Pacific Islanders (63.2%). The median survival time after HCC diagnosis for persons with HBV infection was 22.3 months, compared with 13.1 months for persons with HCV infection, and 6.9 months for noninfected persons. The 5-year survival rate was 37.5% for those with HBV infection, 20.0% for those with HCV infection, 29.5% among coinfected individuals, and 16.1% for those with neither infection reported. CONCLUSIONS In NYC, most persons with HCC have viral hepatitis; the majority of viral hepatitis infections are due to HCV. Survival for persons with HCC differs widely by viral hepatitis status. This study highlights the importance of viral hepatitis prevention and treatment and HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda S Moore
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elena Ivanina
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens
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Guerra S, Mamede AC, Carvalho MJ, Laranjo M, Tralhão JG, Abrantes AM, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Liver diseases: what is known so far about the therapy with human amniotic membrane? Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:653-663. [PMID: 27550013 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Liver, the largest intern organ of the human body, is responsible for several vital tasks such as digestive and excretory functions, as well as for nutrients storage and metabolic functions, synthesis of new molecules and purification of toxic chemicals. Cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the most prevalent liver diseases. Despite all the studies performed so far, treatment options for these diseases are very limited. For this reason, it is urgent to find effective therapies for these pathologies. Several studies have been performed during the last decade about the possible application of human amniotic membrane in hepatic diseases therapy. Promising results about human amniotic membrane or its derived cells, in vitro and in vivo, applications in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were already published. Since it is an attractive study area, it is becoming a dynamic scientific subject. However, the action mechanisms of human amniotic membrane and its derived cells in hepatic diseases therapy must be precisely known in order that this promising therapy could be clinically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guerra
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Mamede
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. .,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Carvalho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Surgical Department A, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Jorge Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Li A, Ma S, Pawlik T, Wu B, Yang X, Cui L, Wu M. Surgical treatment of double primary liver cancer: An observational study for a rare type of tumor. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4412. [PMID: 27512855 PMCID: PMC4985310 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Double primary liver cancer (DPLC) is a special type of clinical situation. As such, a detailed analysis of the surgical management and prognosis of patients with DPLC is lacking. The objective of the current study was to define the management and outcome of patients undergoing surgery for DPLC at a major hepatobiliary center.A total of 87 patients treated by surgical resection at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from January 1st, 2007 to October 31st, 2013 who had DPLC demonstrated by final pathological diagnosis were identified. Among these, 50 patients had complete clinical and prognostic data. Demographic and tumor characteristics as well as the prognosis were analyzed.The proportion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) (+), HBsAg (+), and HBeAg (-) hepatocirrhosis in all patients was 21.84%, 67.82%, and 63.22%, respectively. Incidental findings accounted for 58.62% of patients; among those who had symptoms, the main symptom was abdominal pain (31.03%). Nonanatomic wedge resection was the main operative approach (62.07%). Postoperatively, the main complications included seroperitoneum (11.49%), hypoproteinemia (10.34%), and pleural effusion (8.05%). Factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) included intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) tumor size (P = 0.002) and use of postoperative prophylactic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment (P = 0.015). Meanwhile, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) size (P = 0.045), ICC size (P < 0.001), and liver function (including aspartate aminotransferase [P = 0.001] and r-glutamyl transferase [P < 0.001]) were associated with overall survival (OS).Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis or cirrhosis is also an important factor in the pathogenesis of DPLC and surgical treatment is safe for it with low complication rates. In addition, it is effective to prolong DFS that DPLC patients undergo postoperative prophylactic TACE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Li
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senlin Ma
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longjiu Cui
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jacobs A, Warda A, Verbeek J, Cassiman D, Spincemaille P. An Overview of Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: From Past to Present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:185-200. [DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ans Jacobs
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Anne‐Sophie Warda
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Pieter Spincemaille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Vedarethinam V, Dhanaraj K, Ilavenil S, Arasu MV, Choi KC, Al-Dhabi NA, Srisesharam S, Lee KD, Kim DH, Dhanapal T, Sivanesan R, Choi HS, Kim YO. Antitumor Effect of the Mannich Base(1,3-bis-((3-Hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)phenylmethyl)urea) on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2016; 21:E632. [PMID: 27187346 PMCID: PMC6273734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antitumor effects of the synthetic Mannich base 1,3-bis-((3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)phenylmethyl)urea (1,3-BPMU) against HEP-G2 hepatoma cells and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) in albino rats. In vitro analysis results revealed that 1,3-BPMU showed significant cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition in HEP-G2 hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, flow cytometry results indicated that 1,3-BPMU enhanced early and late apoptosis. The maximum apoptosis was exhibited at a concentration of 100 μg/mL of 1,3-BPMU. In in vivo analysis, DEN treatment increased the content of nucleic acids, LPO and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, γGT and 5'NT with decreased antioxidant activity as compared to control rats. However, 1,3-BPMU treatment to DEN-induced rats decreased the content of nucleic acids, LPO and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, γGT and 5'NT and increased the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 1,3-BPMU enhanced the apoptosis via upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNA expression as compared to DEN-induced rats. Histological and ultrastructural investigation showed that 1,3-BPMU treatment renovated the internal architecture of the liver in DEN-induced rats. In this study, the molecular and pre-clinical results obtained by treatment of DEN-induced rats with 1,3-BPMU suggested that 1,3-BPMU might be considered as an antitumor compound in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthik Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613-403, India.
| | - Soundharrajan Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Chungnam 330-808, Korea.
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Chungnam 330-808, Korea.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Srigopalram Srisesharam
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Chungnam 330-808, Korea.
| | - Kyung Dong Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju 520-714, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Kim
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
| | | | - Ravikumar Sivanesan
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613-403, India.
| | - Han Sung Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Korea.
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Ma X, Yang Y, Tu H, Gao J, Tan YT, Zheng JL, Bray F, Xiang YB. Risk prediction models for hepatocellular carcinoma in different populations. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:150-60. [PMID: 27199512 PMCID: PMC4865607 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease with limited therapeutic options due to its aggressive progression. It places heavy burden on most low and middle income countries to treat HCC patients. Nowadays accurate HCC risk predictions can help making decisions on the need for HCC surveillance and antiviral therapy. HCC risk prediction models based on major risk factors of HCC are useful and helpful in providing adequate surveillance strategies to individuals who have different risk levels. Several risk prediction models among cohorts of different populations for estimating HCC incidence have been presented recently by using simple, efficient, and ready-to-use parameters. Moreover, using predictive scoring systems to assess HCC development can provide suggestions to improve clinical and public health approaches, making them more cost-effective and effort-effective, for inducing personalized surveillance programs according to risk stratification. In this review, the features of risk prediction models of HCC across different populations were summarized, and the perspectives of HCC risk prediction models were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Jia-Li Zheng
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Columbia SC29208, USA;
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;
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Lin D, Lei L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu B, Bao G, Song Y, Jin Z, Liu C, Mei Y, Sandikin D, Wu Y, Zhao L, Yu X, Liu H. Membrane IL1α Inhibits the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Promoting T- and NK-cell Activation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3179-88. [PMID: 27206848 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a worldwide health problem with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Inflammation associated with liver injury and hepatocyte regeneration can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually, hepatocellular carcinoma. IL1α is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation and tumor development. IL1α presents as multiple forms in vivo, including precursor, propiece, membrane, and secreted forms, and their functions have been thought to be different. The role of membrane IL1α in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis is still not clear. Here, we examined the functions of membrane IL1α in murine hepatocellular carcinoma models. We found that membrane IL1α potently inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth. Further studies showed that membrane IL1α promoted T- and natural killer (NK)-cell activation in vivo IFNγ production by CD8(+) T and NK cells was also increased as a result of membrane IL1α expression. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the CTL and NK cells was also enhanced by membrane IL1α expression. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that membrane IL1α could directly activate T cells and NK cells in a cell contact-dependent manner. Conversely, depletion of both CD8(+) T and NK cells suppressed the antitumor activity of membrane IL1α. Our studies demonstrated that membrane IL1α could promote antitumor immune responses through activation of T and NK cells. Thus, our findings provide new insights of IL1α functions during hepatocellular carcinoma development. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3179-88. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Bao
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Mei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China. Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dedy Sandikin
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lin CH, Chang CY, Lee KR, Lin HJ, Lin WC, Chen TH, Wan L. Cold-water extracts of Grifola frondosa and its purified active fraction inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1374-85. [PMID: 27013543 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216640149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Grifola frondosa (GF) is an edible mushroom indigenous to many Asian countries with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. In particular, GF is known for its anti-tumor activity, which has been targeted by scientific and clinical research. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cold-water extract of GF (GFW) and its active fraction (GFW-GF) on autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo Our results revealed that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, thereby inducing autophagy. We also demonstrated that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in Hep3B hepatoma cells. GFW and GFW-GF markedly arrested cells in S phase and promoted cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, GFW and GFW-GF decreased the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We also found that GFW significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice implanted with Hep3B cells. Our work demonstrates that GF and its active fraction inhibit hepatoma growth by inducing autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ter-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Abd-Elfatah G, Gad-Allah ANAA. RASSF1A, RECK genotypes and haplotypes in Egyptian population with Hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Lett 2016; 173:36-41. [PMID: 26921475 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The development of HCC is multifactorial, resulting from the interaction of environmental factors (possibly hepatitis viruses) and host factors (genetic factors). So identification of risk factors that contribute to HCC and thus early diagnosis and therapy is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the role of tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A Ala133Ser and RECK rs11788747polymorphisms and their haplotypes in HCC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 104 cases of HCC and 100 healthy controls were included in a case-control study. RASSF1A and RECK genotypes, allele and haplotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Risk of HCC was significantly associated with carriers of A1a/Ser, Ser/Ser, Ser allele and A1a/Ser +GA haplotypes (OR=20.57, p<0.001, OR=7.26, p=0.05, OR=10.64, p<0.001, OR=12.52, p=0.005) respectively. More over RECK GG, G allele and haplotype A1a/A1a+GG were protective to HCC (OR=0.11, p<0.001, & OR=0.53, p=0.001 & OR=0.16, p=0.002) respectively. Also, it was found that RASSF1A gene polymorphism significantly associated with bad pathological features but no association with RECK gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The RASSF1AAla133Ser polymorphism, RECK gene polymorphism and for the first time haplotype of both genes influence molecular carcinogenesis and clinic pathological features of HCC within the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Abd-Elfatah
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
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Early detection of unhealthy behaviors, the prevalence and receipt of antiviral treatment for disabled adult hepatitis B and C carriers. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:146. [PMID: 26873327 PMCID: PMC4752770 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral treatments have recently been reported as successful cures. However, the prevalence rates of HBV or HCV infection, unhealthy behaviors and receipt of adequate treatment in disabled adults have not been described. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of HBV or HCV carriers, receipt of antiviral treatment, and early detection of unhealthy behaviors in disabled adults in Taiwan. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2013 with 845 community-dwelling adults with disabilities aged >20 years. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections was 12.9 and 14.1 %, respectively. HCV carriers tended to be older (p < 0.001) and with a lower education (p < 0.001). The majority of HBV/HCV carriers did not know the type of hepatitis infection and did not receive adequate antiviral treatment. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, regression analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with elevated liver function were HCV infection (p < 0.001), HBV infection (p = 0.001), high fasting blood glucose levels (p = 0.001), overweight (p = 0.003), older age (p = 0.027), and alcohol drinking (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of HCV infection among adults with disabilities; few received adequate antiviral treatment or early detection of unhealthy behaviors for the prevention of liver cancer. Clinicians can provide health education to help the participants and caregivers better understand the relationships between specific risk factors and liver health and can encourage HBV and HCV carriers to undergo annual physical check-ups and receive adequate treatment, as covered by the national health insurance.
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71
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Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Fedirko V, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Hansen L, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Severi G, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Aleksandrova K, Boeing H, Klinaki E, Palli D, Grioni S, Panico S, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Skeie G, Weiderpass E, Parr CL, Quirós JR, Buckland G, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Sonestedt E, Ericson U, Wennberg M, Nilsson LM, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bradbury KE, Ward HA, Romieu I, Jenab M. Consumption of soft drinks and juices and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in a European cohort. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:7-20. [PMID: 25528243 PMCID: PMC6284800 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess associations between intake of combined soft drinks (sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened) and fruit and vegetable juices and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of 477,206 participants from 10 European countries. METHODS After 11.4 years of follow-up, 191 HCC, 66 IHBC and 236 GBTC cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR; 95% CI) were estimated with Cox regression models with multivariable adjustment (baseline total energy intake, alcohol consumption and intake pattern, body mass index, physical activity, level of educational attainment and self-reported diabetes status). RESULTS No risk associations were observed for IHBC or GBTC. Combined soft drinks consumption of >6 servings/week was positively associated with HCC risk: HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11-3.02, p trend = 0.01 versus non-consumers. In sub-group analyses available for 91% of the cohort artificially sweetened soft drinks increased HCC risk by 6% per 1 serving increment (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09, n cases = 101); for sugar-sweetened soft drinks, this association was null (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.95-1.06; n cases = 127, p heterogeneity = 0.07). Juice consumption was not associated with HCC risk, except at very low intakes (<1 serving/week: HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38-0.95; p trend = 0.02 vs. non-consumers). CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of combined soft drinks is positively associated with HCC, but a differential association between sugar and artificially sweetened cannot be discounted. This study provides some insight into possible associations of HCC with sugary drinks intake. Further exploration in other settings is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepien
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Bamia
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, 94805, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, 94805, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartamento di Medicina Clinicae Chirurgias, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civile M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christine L Parr
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Health Department of Basque Region, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, and Arctic Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, and Arctic Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather A Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
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Friis S, Kesminiene A, Espina C, Auvinen A, Straif K, Schüz J. European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Medical exposures, including hormone therapy, and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S107-19. [PMID: 26390952 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer recommends limiting - or avoiding when possible - the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because of the increased risk of cancer, nevertheless acknowledging that prescription of HRT may be indicated under certain medical conditions. Current evidence shows that HRT, generally prescribed as menopausal hormone therapy, is associated with an increased risk of cancers of the breast, endometrium, and ovary, with the risk pattern depending on factors such as the type of therapy (oestrogen-only or combined oestrogen-progestogen), duration of treatment, and initiation according to the time of menopause. Carcinogenicity has also been established for anti-neoplastic agents used in cancer therapy, immunosuppressants, oestrogen-progestogen contraceptives, and tamoxifen. Medical use of ionising radiation, an established carcinogen, can provide major health benefits; however, prudent practices need to be in place, with procedures and techniques providing the needed diagnostic information or therapeutic gain with the lowest possible radiation exposure. For pharmaceutical drugs and medical radiation exposure with convincing evidence on their carcinogenicity, health benefits have to be balanced against the risks; potential increases in long-term cancer risk should be considered in the context of the often substantial and immediate health benefits from diagnosis and/or treatment. Thus, apart from HRT, no general recommendations on reducing cancer risk were given for carcinogenic drugs and medical radiation in the 4th edition of European Code against Cancer. It is crucial that the application of these measures relies on medical expertise and thorough benefit-risk evaluation. This also pertains to cancer-preventive drugs, and self-medication with aspirin or other potential chemopreventive drugs is strongly discouraged because of the possibility of serious, potentially lethal, adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Friis
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ausrele Kesminiene
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Research and Environmental Surveillance, FI-00881 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
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Chettouh H, Lequoy M, Fartoux L, Vigouroux C, Desbois-Mouthon C. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin signalling in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2015; 35:2203-17. [PMID: 26123841 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The risk factors for HCC include cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, heavy alcohol intake and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common denominator of all of these conditions and is tethered to hyperinsulinaemia. Here, we give an overview of the recent advances linking hyperinsulinaemia to HCC development and progression. In particular, we summarise the underlying causes of hyperinsulinaemia in the setting of chronic liver diseases. We present epidemiological evidence linking metabolic diseases to HCC risk and HCC-related mortality, as well as the pathogenic cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining this relation. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which insulin participates in HCC biology might ultimately provide novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chettouh
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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74
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Gonçalves PL, Zago-Gomes MDP, Gonçalves CS, Pereira FEL. Hepatitis virus and hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil: a report from the State of Espírito Santo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:559-63. [PMID: 25467255 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0145-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Brazil, and the incidence and risk factors for this type of malignancy vary greatly geographically. In this paper, we report several risk factors associated with HCC diagnosed at the University Hospital in Vitória, ES, Brazil. METHODS We reviewed 274 cases of HCC (January 1993 to December 2011) in which hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection and chronic alcoholism were investigated. A diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was confirmed by histology or by the presence of a characteristic pattern on imaging. RESULTS HCC with associated liver cirrhosis was noted in 85.4% of cases. The mean ages of men and women were 56.6 years and 57.5 years, respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 5.8:1. Associated risk factors included the following: HBV, 37.6% (alone, 23.4%; associated with chronic alcoholism, 14.2%); HCV, 22.6% (alone, 13.5%; associated with chronic alcoholism, 9.1%), chronic alcoholism, 17.1%, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 2.6% and cryptogenic, 19.3%. The male-to-female ratio was higher in cases associated with HBV or chronic alcoholism compared with HCV-associated or cryptogenic cases. In 40 cases without associated cirrhosis, the male-to-female ratio and mean age were lower than those in cirrhosis-associated cases. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the main risk factor associated with HCC in the State of Espírito Santo is HBV. Chronic alcoholism is an important etiological factor, alone or in association with HBV or HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lofêgo Gonçalves
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio de Morais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria da Penha Zago-Gomes
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio de Morais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sandoval Gonçalves
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio de Morais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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PATHOGENESIS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT IN NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 14:119-127. [PMID: 26114083 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-015-0260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is being recognized as an increasingly important contributor to the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. It is often accompanied by obesity and diabetes mellitus and is believed to be the hepatic representation of the metabolic syndrome. HCC development in NAFLD is multifactorial and complex. It is dependent on not only the well-described mechanisms noted in chronic liver injury, but also on the molecular derangements associated with obesity and dysmetabolism. These include adipocyte remodeling, adipokine secretion, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. Recent advances focus on the importance of the gut-liver axis in accelerating the process of oncogenesis in NAFLD. The farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) has been demonstrated to have important metabolic effects and its pharmacological activation by obeticholic acid has been recently reported to produce histological improvement in NASH. It is hoped that delineating the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis and oncogenesis in NASH will lead to enhanced strategies for cancer prevention, surveillance and therapy in this population.
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76
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Pivovarova O, von Loeffelholz C, Ilkavets I, Sticht C, Zhuk S, Murahovschi V, Lukowski S, Döcke S, Kriebel J, de las Heras Gala T, Malashicheva A, Kostareva A, Lock JF, Stockmann M, Grallert H, Gretz N, Dooley S, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N. Modulation of insulin degrading enzyme activity and liver cell proliferation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2293-300. [PMID: 25945652 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1046647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), insulin therapy, and hyperinsulinemia are independent risk factors of liver cancer. Recently, the use of a novel inhibitor of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) was proposed as a new therapeutic strategy in T2DM. However, IDE inhibition might stimulate liver cell proliferation via increased intracellular insulin concentration. The aim of this study was to characterize effects of inhibition of IDE activity in HepG2 hepatoma cells and to analyze liver specific expression of IDE in subjects with T2DM. HepG2 cells were treated with 10 nM insulin for 24 h with or without inhibition of IDE activity using IDE RNAi, and cell transcriptome and proliferation rate were analyzed. Human liver samples (n = 22) were used for the gene expression profiling by microarrays. In HepG2 cells, IDE knockdown changed expression of genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis pathways. Proliferation rate was lower in IDE knockdown cells than in controls. Microarray analysis revealed the decrease of hepatic IDE expression in subjects with T2DM accompanied by the downregulation of the p53-dependent genes FAS and CCNG2, but not by the upregulation of proliferation markers MKI67, MCM2 and PCNA. Similar results were found in the liver microarray dataset from GEO Profiles database. In conclusion, IDE expression is decreased in liver of subjects with T2DM which is accompanied by the dysregulation of p53 pathway. Prolonged use of IDE inhibitors for T2DM treatment should be carefully tested in animal studies regarding its potential effect on hepatic tumorigenesis.
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Key Words
- CCNG2, Cyclin G2 gene, CDKN1A/P21, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) gene
- CDKN1B/P27, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) gene
- FAS, Fas cell surface death receptor gene
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- IDE, Insulin-degrading enzyme
- MCM2, Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 gene
- MKI67, Marker of proliferation Ki-67 gene
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance test
- PCNA, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene
- SESN1, Sestrin 1 gene
- T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- TP53, Tumor protein p53 gene
- TP53I3, Tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3 gene
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- insulin-degrading enzyme
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- proliferation
- qRT-PCR, Quantitative real-time PCR
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pivovarova
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition ; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke ; Nuthetal , Germany
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Oncale M, Lewis B. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extension to the heart via the inferior vena cava. Proc AMIA Symp 2015; 28:229-30. [PMID: 25829663 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2015.11929240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most cases of HCC are associated with cirrhosis from various causes such as alcohol or viral hepatitis. Most patients are symptomatic as a result of cirrhosis itself or secondary to tumor extension. These tumors have an affinity for the vasculature and often invade the portal system. HCC rarely causes invasion of the inferior vena cava or the heart. We, however, present a case of HCC in a patient without cirrhosis who remained asymptomatic despite having tumor extension to the heart by way of the inferior vena cava. The mean survival in patients with intracardiac extension with or without aggressive treatment or intervention is approximately 4 months, but our patient greatly exceeded survival expectations after treatment with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Oncale
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncale) and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (Lewis), Tulane University Hospitals and Clinics, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Oncale is now affiliated with Oschner Health System
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncale) and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (Lewis), Tulane University Hospitals and Clinics, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Oncale is now affiliated with Oschner Health System
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78
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Al-Bahrani R, Nagamori S, Leng R, Petryk A, Sergi C. Differential Expression of Sonic Hedgehog Protein in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:901-8. [PMID: 25740074 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common primary liver malignancies in adult patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC and CCA are still poorly understood. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling plays an essential role during mammalian development, i.e., promoting organ growth, tissue differentiation, and cell polarity. The upregulation of SHH has been observed during carcinogenesis, including colorectal carcinoma. Our aim was to investigate the expression pattern of SHH in HCC and CCA. We investigated 40 malignant tumors of the liver, including 21 HCC and 19 of intrahepatic CCA cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a polyclonal antibody against SHH and Avidin-Biotin Complex method. We also investigated the co-localization of SHH and Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in CCA using indirect double IHC. Moreover, we examined whether SHH is expressed in two HCC cell lines HepG2 and HuH-7 and three CCA cell lines OZ, HuCCT1 and HuH28. We found that SHH was expressed in 15 out of 21 cases (71.4 %) of HCC and 100 % of CCA cases by immunohistochemistry. SHH expression showed a positive trend in liver tumors (HCC, CCA) with high grade (G2-G3). SHH localized to the epithelial cells, while BMP4 was expressed in the stromal cells in CCA by double IHC. However, both HCC and CCA cell lines showed SHH expression by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, SHH seems to be an interesting marker of de-differentiation in liver tumors and the simultaneous epithelial-mesenchymal expression may be an intriguing prompt to investigate cross-talks between SHH and BMP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redha Al-Bahrani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
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79
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Duan XY, Pan Q, Yan SY, Ding WJ, Fan JG, Qiao L. High-saturate-fat diet delays initiation of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:195. [PMID: 25410681 PMCID: PMC4240894 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the association between a high-fat diet (HFD) and HCC is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a high-saturate-fat diet affects hepatocarcinogenesis induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Methods Adult SD rats were randomized into the following groups: normal chow diet (NCD), HFD, NCD + DEN, and HFD + DEN. The HFD contains 2% cholesterol and 10% lard oil. In mice with DEN treatment, the carcinogen was given via gavage. Mice were sacrificed at the end of 10, 12, and 14 weeks, respectively. The effects of HFD on hepatic carcinogenesis were assessed by HCC incidence, tumor differentiation, and the number and size of tumor nodules. Western blot and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for caspase-3, and real-time PCR for TNF-α and IL-6 further uncovered the proliferative and apoptotic properties of liver. Results In contrast to the NCD group, DEN treatment (NCD + DEN group) led to hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic tumor, and decreased body weight. Interestingly, HFD, which induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, attenuated DEN-related malnutrition and fibrosis progression in HFD + DEN group during 10–14 weeks. Moreover, the HFD + DEN group exhibited that the proportion of well differentiated HCC was much higher than that of NCD + DEN group. The number and average volume of HCC node were also significantly lowered in HFD + DEN group (P < 0.01-0.05). When compared to that of NCD + DEN group, there was an inhibited expression of PCNA, TNF-α, and IL-6, and activation of caspase-3 in the liver of HFD + DEN group at week 10 and 12. Conclusions HFD restores malnutrition in the DEN-treated rats, which in turn inhibits the initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Maehara N, Arai S, Mori M, Iwamura Y, Kurokawa J, Kai T, Kusunoki S, Taniguchi K, Ikeda K, Ohara O, Yamamura KI, Miyazaki T. Circulating AIM prevents hepatocellular carcinoma through complement activation. Cell Rep 2014; 9:61-74. [PMID: 25284781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widespread fatal disease and the third most common cause of cancer deaths. Here, we show the potent anti-HCC effect of the circulating protein AIM. As in adipocytes, AIM is incorporated into normal hepatocytes, where it interferes with lipid storage. In contrast, AIM accumulates on the HCC cell surface and activates the complement cascade via inactivating multiple regulators of complement activation. This response provokes necrotic cell death specifically in AIM-bound HCC cells. Accordingly, AIM(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to steatosis-associated HCC development, whereas no AIM(+/+) mouse developed the disease despite comparable liver inflammation and fibrosis in response to a long-term high-fat diet. Administration of AIM prevented tumor development in AIM(-/-) mice, and HCC induction by diethylnitrosamine was more prominent in AIM(-/-) than wild-type mice. These findings could be the basis for novel AIM-based therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayumi Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kusunoki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaori Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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81
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Toda M, Kobayashi Y, Koizumi T, Saito K, Ohbayashi M, Kohyama N, Aoki T, Murakami M, Yasuhara H, Yamamoto T. Genetic polymorphism of the human organic solute carrier protein 1 (hOSCP1) gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver carcinoma. Meta Gene 2014; 2:686-93. [PMID: 25606452 PMCID: PMC4287821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human organic solute carrier protein 1 (hOSCP1) is a Na+-independent multispecific organic solute transporter. To date, several studies have revealed that gene mutations of the transporters are likely to be associated with some diseases; however, there are no data concerning the genetic polymorphism of the hOSCP1 gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver carcinoma (LC). In the present study, we isolated genomic DNA from a normal portion of LC, and analyzed 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen from a database of SNPs (dbSNPs). We found genotype frequencies for 2 non-synonymous SNPs [rs34409118 (Thr131 → Ala) and rs1416840 (Ile219 → Thr)] and 1 synonymous SNP [rs16822954 (Ser193 → Ser)] to be statistically significant when compared with dbSNPs. No statistical significance was observed in rs2275477 (Gly307 → Arg) in the hOSCP1 gene. With respect to the allele frequency, we also observed rs34409118 to be statistically significant. Interestingly, we found that non-viral LC patients do not carry heterozygous mutations in rs1416840 (A/G) and rs16822954 (A/G), suggesting that a non-carrier of heterozygous mutations in these two SNPs might be a biomarker for susceptibility for non-viral LC in Japanese. Further analyses of patients with hOSCP1 variants may elucidate the relationship between the hOSCP1 gene and susceptibility of non-viral LC in Japanese patients.
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Key Words
- AGC2, aspartate glutamate carrier 2
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Genetic polymorphism
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- ICG, indocyanine green test
- LC, liver carcinoma
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDR1, multidrug-resistance 1
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-viral liver carcinoma
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SLC/Slc, solute carrier
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Transporter
- cSNPs, coding single nucleotide polymorphisms
- hOSCP1
- hOSCP1, human organic solute carrier protein 1
- hURAT1, urate transporter 1
- γ-GTP, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Toda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuna Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotake Koizumi
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohbayashi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Kohyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murakami
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Yasuhara
- School of Pharmacy, 2nd Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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82
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Bishayee A. The role of inflammation and liver cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:401-35. [PMID: 24818732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is known to promote and exacerbate malignancy. Primary liver cancer, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a clear example of inflammation-related cancer as more than 90 % of HCCs arise in the context of hepatic injury and inflammation. HCC represents the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with about one million new cases diagnosed every year with almost an equal number of deaths. Chronic unresolved inflammation is associated with persistent hepatic injury and concurrent regeneration, leading to sequential development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually HCC. Irrespective of the intrinsic differences among various etiological factors, a common denominator at the origin of HCC is the perpetuation of a wound-healing response activated by parenchymal cell death and the resulting inflammatory cascade. Hence, the identification of fundamental inflammatory signaling pathways causing transition from chronic liver injury to dysplasia and HCC could depict new predictive biomarkers and targets to identify and treat patients with chronic liver inflammation. This chapter critically discusses the roles of several major cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and enzymes as well as a distinct network of inflammatory signaling pathways in the development and progression of HCC. It also highlights and analyzes preclinical animal studies showing innovative approaches of targeting inflammatory mediators and signaling by a variety of natural compounds and synthetic agents to achieve effective therapy as well as prevention of hepatic malignancy. Additionally, current limitations and potential challenges associated with the inhibition of inflammatory signaling as well as future directions of research to accelerate clinical development of anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and treat liver cancer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill Street, Signal Hill, CA, 90755, USA,
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83
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Yamada S, Kawaguchi A, Kawaguchi T, Fukushima N, Kuromatsu R, Sumie S, Takata A, Nakano M, Satani M, Tonan T, Fujimoto K, Shima H, Kakuma T, Torimura T, Charlton MR, Sata M. Serum albumin level is a notable profiling factor for non-B, non-C hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A data-mining analysis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:837-45. [PMID: 23819517 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Various factors are underlying for the onset of non-B, non-C hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC). We aimed to investigate the independent risk factors and profiles associated with NBNC-HCC using a data-mining technique. METHODS We conducted a case-control study and enrolled 223 NBNC-HCC patients and 669 controls from a health checkup database (n = 176 886). Multivariate analysis, random forest analysis and a decision-tree algorithm were employed to examine the independent risk factors, factors distinguishing between the case and control groups, and to identify profiles for the incidence of NBNC-HCC, respectively. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, besides γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels and the Brinkman index, albumin level was an independent negative risk factor for the incidence of NBNC-HCC (odds ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval = 0.60-0.70; P < 0.0001). In random forest analysis, serum albumin level was the highest-ranked variable for distinguishing between the case and control groups (98 variable importance). A decision-tree algorithm was created for albumin and GGT levels, the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and the Brinkman index. The serum albumin level was selected as the initial split variable, and 82.5% of the subjects with albumin levels of less than 4.01 g/dL were found to have NBNC-HCC. CONCLUSION Data-mining analysis revealed that serum albumin level is an independent risk factor and the most distinguishable factor associated with the incidence of NBNC-HCC. Furthermore, we created an NBNC-HCC profile consisting of albumin and GGT levels, the APRI and the Brinkman index. This profile could be used in the screening strategy for NBNC-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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84
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Vincent R, Sanyal A. Recent Advances in Understanding of NASH: MicroRNAs as Both Biochemical Markers and Players. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:109-115. [PMID: 25574453 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatis (NASH) are becoming the dominant liver diseases in the US and Western World. Extensive work is being done to diagnose, understand, and explore the pathogenesis of these multivariable complex diseases. Recently a new avenue of biologic regulation is being explored. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of multiple genes and have been implicated in multiple diseases. Recently there is a growing body of evidence supporting a significant role of microRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression to NASH, and hinting at their use as targets, biomarkers and potential therapeutic tools. This review is designed to highlight some of the recent work on a few of the key microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vincent
- Virginia Common Wealth University, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 1250 West Marshall Richmond VA, 23228
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Virginia Common Wealth University, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 1250 West Marshall Richmond VA, 23228
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85
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Lin LT, Wu SJ, Lin CC. The Anticancer Properties and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde and the Herbal Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang ( Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang) in Human Hepatoma Cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:227-33. [PMID: 24716182 PMCID: PMC3924998 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been one of the most important causes of cancer mortality in the world. Many natural products and traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat HCC in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China. The present review aims to describe the anticancer properties and apoptotic mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive ingredient isolated from cinnamon trees, and the herbal prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (黃連解毒湯 Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang; HLJDT) against human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Implication of their treatment for the development of targeted therapy against HCC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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86
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Stabilization and augmentation of circulating AIM in mice by synthesized IgM-Fc. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97037. [PMID: 24804991 PMCID: PMC4013091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to rapid and drastic changes in lifestyle and eating habits in modern society, obesity and obesity-associated diseases are among the most important public health problems. Hence, the development of therapeutic approaches to regulate obesity is strongly desired. In view of previous work showing that apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) blocks lipid storage in adipocytes, thereby preventing obesity caused by a high-fat diet, we here explored a strategy to augment circulating AIM levels. We synthesized the Fc portion of the soluble human immunoglobulin (Ig)M heavy chain and found that it formed a pentamer containing IgJ as natural IgM does, and effectively associated with AIM in vitro. When we injected the synthesized Fc intravenously into mice lacking circulating IgM, it associated with endogenous mouse AIM, protecting AIM from renal excretion and preserving the circulating AIM levels. As the synthesized Fc lacked the antigen-recognizing variable region, it provoked no undesired immune response. In addition, a challenge with the Fc-human AIM complex in wild-type mice, which exhibited normal levels of circulating IgM and AIM, successfully maintained the levels of the human AIM in mouse blood. We also observed that the human AIM was effectively incorporated into adipocytes in visceral fat tissue, suggesting its functionality against obesity. Thus, our findings reveal potent strategies to safely increase AIM levels, which could form the basis for developing novel therapies for obesity.
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87
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Dynamic multidetector computed tomography findings of hepatocellular carcinoma of hepatitis B virus-positive and -negative patients. Cancer Imaging 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 25608603 PMCID: PMC4331841 DOI: 10.1186/1470-7330-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate and compare multidetector computed tomography findings of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive and -negative patients. Methods Triphasic (arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases) dynamic multidetector computed tomography (CT) was performed in 83 patients with HCC, 48 of whom were HBV-positive. The diagnosis of HCC was established with typical CT imaging findings (68 patients) or histopathological evaluation (15 patients). Distribution of solitary, multiple, and diffuse HCC, portal/hepatic vein thrombosis, metastasis, and patients with high alpha-fetoprotein levels in the HBV-positive and -negative groups were compared using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Lesion size, alpha-fetoprotein levels, arterial, portal, delayed enhancement, and washout of lesions were compared using the Student’s t-test. Results Hypervascular tumors were observed in 72 (87%) patients, and hypovascular tumors were found in 11 (13%) patients. The mean alpha-fetoprotein value of HBV-positive patients with HCC was significantly higher than the mean alpha-fetoprotein value of HBV-negative patients (P < 0.05). Portal/hepatic vein thrombosis and metastasis were more frequently observed in HBV-positive patients (P < 0.05). The frequencies of solitary, multiple, and diffuse lesions in HBV-positive and -negative patients were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The mean diameters, arterial, portal, and delayed phase attenuations, and washout of HCC were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusions Multidetector CT imaging findings of HCC in HBV-positive and -negative patients are alike. Portal/hepatic vein thrombosis and metastasis are more frequently observed in HBV-positive patients. Alpha-fetoprotein levels are higher in HBV-positive patients.
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88
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Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Wakai K, Kurozawa Y. Associations of daily walking and television viewing time with liver cancer mortality: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:787-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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89
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Mekonnen D, Gebre-Selassie S, Fantaw S, Hunegnaw A, Mihret A. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in patients with diabetes mellitus: a comparative cross sectional study at Woldiya General Hospital, Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:40. [PMID: 24932351 PMCID: PMC4048674 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.40.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The overall prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia varies from 4.7-16.8% for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 70-76.38% for at least one marker positive. Patients suffering from type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM) incur high risk of infection with hepatotropic viruses because of frequent hospitalization and blood tests. Methods A comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Woldiya General Hospital using 108 consented study populations from Diabetes and 108 non diabetes control groups during the period November 2010 - January 2011. VISITECT HBsAg rapid test kit and Humastat 80 chemistry analyzer were used. Multivariate logistic regression was used to see the association of HBV with clinical history of participants and Sociodemographic variables. All tests were two-sided with α-level of 0.05 and 80% power. Results Prevalence of HBsAg was equal between diabetic and non diabetic individuals, 3.7% indicating that there was no difference between the two groups. Only history of invasive procedures and chronic liver disease showed association with HBsAg seropositivity. Conclusion In this study a positive relation was not indicated between HBV and Diabetes and the prevalence of HBsAg was equal between diabetic and non diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mekonnen
- Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology College of Health Science, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Gebre-Selassie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology College of Health Science, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Surafel Fantaw
- Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Hunegnaw
- Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau, Woldiya General Hospital, Woldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology College of Health Science, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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90
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Munaf A, Memon MS, Kumar P, Ahmed S, Kumar MB. Comparison of viral hepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma due to HBV and HCV - cohort from liver clinics in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7563-7. [PMID: 25292029 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the first cause of death in cirrhotic patients, mostly due to viral hepatitis with HCV or HBV infection. This study was performed to estimate the true prevalence of viral hepatitis-related HCC and the demographic and clinical-pathological associations with the two virus types. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross sectional observational study enrolled clinical data base of 188 HCC patients and variables included from baseline were age, sex, area of residence, clinical-pathological features such as underlying co-morbidity, presence or absence of liver cirrhosis, macrovascular involvement, tumor extension and metastasis, liver lobes involved, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and hepatitis serologies. RESULTS Overall prevalence of HCV- and HBV-related HCC was 66.0% and 34.0%, respectively. Patients with HCV were more likely to develop HCC at advanced age (52.4±11.9 vs. 40.7±12.09 years), with highly raised serum AFP levels (≥400ng/ml) 78.2% (HBV 67.1%), large tumor size (HCV-66% >5 cm, HBV-59.3%), and presence of portal vein thrombosis (8.06%, HBV 1.56%). A binominal multivariate analysis showed that HCV-HCC group were more likely to be cirrhotic (OR=0.245, 95%CI: 0.117, 0.516) and had more than two times higher rate of solitary macrovascular involvement (OR=2.533, 95%CI: 1.162, 5.521) as compared with HBV associated HCC. CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant variations were observed from baseline to clinical-pathological characteristics in HCV vs HBV associated HCC. Our study suggests prompt and early screening for high risk patients so that the rate of progression of these chronic viral diseases to cirrhosis and cancer can be decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Munaf
- Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan E-mail :
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91
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Hsu CC, Lee HC, Wei YH. Mitochondrial DNA alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8880-8886. [PMID: 24379611 PMCID: PMC3870539 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is ranked third in mortality among cancer-related diseases. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are responsible for energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as a hallmark of cancer. Over the past decades, several types of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been identified in human cancers, including HCC. However, the role of these mtDNA alterations in cancer progression is unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the somatic mtDNA alterations identified in HCC and their relationships with the clinicopathological features of HCC. Recent advances in understanding the potential roles of somatic mtDNA alterations in the progression of HCC are also discussed. We suggest that somatic mtDNA mutations and a decrease in the mtDNA copy number are common events in HCC and that a mitochondrial dysfunction-activated signaling cascade may play an important role in the progression of HCC. Elucidation of the retrograde signaling pathways in HCC and the quest for strategies to block some of these pathways will be instrumental for the development of novel treatments for this and other malignancies.
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92
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Gomes MA, Priolli DG, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, biology, diagnosis, and therapies. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2013; 59:514-24. [PMID: 24041910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ramb.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women, as is diagnosed in more than half a million individuals worldwide every year. In Portugal, its incidence and mortality rates are low compared to other types of cancers. In Brazil, in the city of São Paulo, according to data released by the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), the incidence of primary liver cancer was 2.07/100,000 inhabitants. Although the vast majority of cases (85%) mainly affect developing countries, especially where infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, the incidence in developed countries is increasing. This pathology is associated with several risk factors, not only environmental but also genetic, generating an increasing interest in attaining a better understanding of this disease, which is still associated with very late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Of the available treatments, few patients benefit from their scanty advantages, increasingly stimulating research of new forms of treatment against this disease. This review aimed to briefly but fully identify risk factors, molecular and biochemical pathways, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and possible clinical approaches of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos António Gomes
- Serviço de Biofísica, Instituto Biomédico de Investigação da Luz e Imagem, Coimbra, Portugal
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Alzahrani B, Iseli TJ, Hebbard LW. Non-viral causes of liver cancer: does obesity led inflammation play a role? Cancer Lett 2013; 345:223-9. [PMID: 24007864 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for around 90% of primary liver cancers. Chronic infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are two of most common causes of liver cancer. However, there are non-viral factors that are associated with liver cancer development. Numerous population studies have revealed strong links between obesity and the development of liver cancer. Obesity can alter hepatic pathology, metabolism and promote inflammation, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to the more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterised by prominent steatosis and inflammation, and can lead to HCC. Here, we discuss the role of obesity in inflammation and the principal signalling mechanisms involved in HCC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Alzahrani
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Tristan J Iseli
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lionel W Hebbard
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Mishra A, Otgonsuren M, Venkatesan C, Afendy M, Erario M, Younossi ZM. The inpatient economic and mortality impact of hepatocellular carcinoma from 2005 to 2009: analysis of the US nationwide inpatient sample. Liver Int 2013; 33:1281-6. [PMID: 23710596 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important complication of cirrhosis. Our aim was to assess the inpatient economic and mortality of HCC in the USA METHODS: Five cycles of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) conducted from 2005 to 2009 were used. Demographics, inpatient mortality, severity of illness, payer type, length of stay (LoS) and charges were available. Changes and associated factors related to inpatient HCC were assessed using simple linear regression. Odds ratios and 95% CIs for hospital mortality were analysed using log-linked regression model. To estimate the sampling variances for complex survey data, we used Taylor series approach. SAS(®) v.9.3 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS From 2005 to 2009, 32,697,993 inpatient cases were reported to NIS. During these 5 years, primary diagnosis of HCC increased from 4401 (2005), 4170 (2006), 5065 (2007), 6540 (2008) to 6364 (2009). HCC as any diagnosis increased from 68 per 100,000 discharges (2005) to 99 per 100,000 (2009). However, inpatient mortality associated with HCC decreased from 12% (2005) to 10% (2009) (P < 0.046) and LoS remained stable. However, median inflation-adjusted charges at the time of discharge increased from $29,466 per case (2005) to $31,656 per case (2009). Total national HCC charges rose from $1.0 billion (2005) to $2.0 billion (2009). In multivariate analysis, hospital characteristic was independently associated with decreasing in-hospital mortality (all P < 0.05). Liver transplantation for HCC was the main contributor to high inpatient charges. Longer LoS and other procedures also contributed to higher inpatient charges. CONCLUSIONS There is an increase in the number of inpatient cases of HCC. Although inpatient mortality is decreasing and the LoS is stable, the inpatient charges associated with HCC continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alita Mishra
- Center for Liver Disease, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
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95
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Duan XY, Zhang L, Fan JG, Qiao L. NAFLD leads to liver cancer: do we have sufficient evidence? Cancer Lett 2013; 345:230-4. [PMID: 23941829 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has several well-recognized risk factors, such as HBV and HCV infection, alcohol abuse and aflatoxin. Recent studies show that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its aggressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On the other hand, clinical and epidemiological data have showed that HCC has rarely been found in a "pure" fatty liver in human. Thus, the question we need to ask is do we have sufficient evidence to support a causative role of NAFLD in liver cancer? Furthermore, if NAFLD is indeed a causative factor for liver cancer, what is the mechanism? Perhaps at this stage, fatty liver and NASH can be regarded as a definite risk factor for liver cancer, but to conclude that NAFLD induces HCC requires more robust in vitro and in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Unit, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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96
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Survival after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to presence or absence of viral infection. Am J Surg 2013; 206:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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97
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Hamed MA, Ali SA. Non-viral factors contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:311-322. [PMID: 23805355 PMCID: PMC3692972 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i6.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half a million deaths per year. The geographic pattern of HCC incidence is parallel to exposure to viral etiologic factors. Its incidence is increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, and variability in the incidence rates correspond closely to the prevalence and pattern of the primary etiologic factors. Chronic infections with hepatitis B viruses or hepatitis C viruses have both been recognized as human liver carcinogens with a combined attributable fraction of at least 75% of all HCC cases. Multiple non-viral factors have been implicated in the development of HCC. Increased body mass index and diabetes with subsequent development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis represent significant risk factors for HCC. Other non-viral causes of HCC include iron overload syndromes, alcohol use, tobacco, oral contraceptive, aflatoxin, pesticides exposure and betel quid chewing, a prevalent habit in the developing world. Wilson disease, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Porphyrias, autoimmune hepatitis, Schistosoma japonicum associated with positive hepatitis B surface antigen, and thorotrast-ray are also contributing hepatocellualar carcinoma. In addition, primary biliary cirrhosis, congestive liver disease and family history of liver cancer increase the risk of HCC incident. In conclusion, clarification of relevant non-viral causes of HCC will help to focus clinicians on those risk factors that are modifiable. The multilevel preventative approach will hopefully lead to a reduction in incidence of non-viral HCC, and a decrease in the patient morbidity and mortality as well as the societal economic burden associated with HCC.
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98
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half a million deaths per year. The geographic pattern of HCC incidence is parallel to exposure to viral etiologic factors. Its incidence is increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, and variability in the incidence rates correspond closely to the prevalence and pattern of the primary etiologic factors. Chronic infections with hepatitis B viruses or hepatitis C viruses have both been recognized as human liver carcinogens with a combined attributable fraction of at least 75% of all HCC cases. Multiple non-viral factors have been implicated in the development of HCC. Increased body mass index and diabetes with subsequent development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis represent significant risk factors for HCC. Other non-viral causes of HCC include iron overload syndromes, alcohol use, tobacco, oral contraceptive, aflatoxin, pesticides exposure and betel quid chewing, a prevalent habit in the developing world. Wilson disease, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Porphyrias, autoimmune hepatitis, Schistosoma japonicum associated with positive hepatitis B surface antigen, and thorotrast-ray are also contributing hepatocellualar carcinoma. In addition, primary biliary cirrhosis, congestive liver disease and family history of liver cancer increase the risk of HCC incident. In conclusion, clarification of relevant non-viral causes of HCC will help to focus clinicians on those risk factors that are modifiable. The multilevel preventative approach will hopefully lead to a reduction in incidence of non-viral HCC, and a decrease in the patient morbidity and mortality as well as the societal economic burden associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Hamed
- Manal A Hamed, Sanaa A Ali, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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99
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Cai X, Gan Y, Fan Y, Hu J, Jin Y, Chen F, Chen T, Sun Y, Wang J, Qin W, Tu H. The adiponectin gene single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1501299 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:166-72. [PMID: 23740135 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing lines of evidence have suggested that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between genetic variants of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and HCC has not been previously explored. Therefore, we performed a case-control study to examine the association of haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ with HCC risk. METHODS Five haplotype-tagging SNPs of ADIPOQ (rs266729, rs822395, rs822396, rs2241766 and rs1501299) were genotyped in 200 HCC patients and 200 non-HCC controls by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of HCC associated with each individual SNP and we adjusted for multiple testing by the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Of the five tested SNPs, rs1501299 showed a strong and significant association with HCC risk even after the Bonferroni correction. After adjusting for the serological status of the hepatitis virus B core antibody and for other SNPs, the odds ratios were 4.33 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.07-9.05; corrected P < 0.005] and 3.71 (95 % CI 1.84-7.48; corrected P < 0.005) for the GG genotype and GG/GT combined genotype, respectively, versus the TT genotype. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report, demonstrating an association of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with HCC risk. Our results implicate the ADIPOQ SNP rs1501299 as a susceptibility locus for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Rosmorduc O. Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: which clinical arguments? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2013; 74:115-20. [PMID: 23597944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are growing epidemics associated with an increased risk for many types of cancer. In the liver, inflammatory and angiogenic changes due to insulin resistance and fatty liver disease are associated with an increased incidence of liver cancer. Regardless of underlying liver disease, cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) although are cases of HCC arising without cirrhosis raise the possibility of a direct carcinogenesis secondary to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Moreover, metabolic syndrome and its different features may also increase the risk of HCC in the setting of chronic liver diseases of other causes such as viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse. Taking into account all these data, it is necessary to better determine the risk of developing HCC in patients with metabolic syndrome to improve the screening guidelines and develop prophylactic treatments in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rosmorduc
- Inserm UMR_S938, service d'hépatologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, université Pierre- et Marie-Curie (Paris 6), 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
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