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Guan Q, Ding XW, Zhong LY, Zhu C, Nie P, Song LH. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus-fermented black barley on high fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:6526-6539. [PMID: 34095944 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A long-term high-fat (HF) diet can cause metabolic disorders, which might induce visceral obesity and ectopic triglyceride storage (e.g., hepatic steatosis), and increase hepatic oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of complications associated with obesity. Fermented whole cereal foods exhibit healthy potential due to their unique phytochemical composition and the presence of probiotics. In the present study, the regular nutrients and phytochemicals of Lactobacillus-fermented black barley (Hordeum distichum L.) were analyzed. Further, the black barley fermentation broth (1 mL per 100 g BW per d, equivalent to 1 mL per kg BW of daily human intake) was administered orally to the rats fed on a high fat diet (HF). The anti-oxidative activity and hepatic metabolic profile of Lactobacillus-fermented black barley were investigated. The results showed that the fermentation processing significantly increased the contents of polyphenols (e.g., ferulic acid, etc.), flavonoids (e.g., flavone, etc.), vitamin B1 and B2, partial mineral elements (e.g., Ca, etc.), and thymine. Furthermore, compared to the HF-fed only rats, fermented black barley treatment significantly increased the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase), and decreased the level of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in serum, the levels of TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) in the liver, and the levels of TC, NEFA in the adipose tissue. This suggested the beneficial effects of fermented black barley on ameliorating oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis, which could be attributed to its regulatory role in the hepatic metabolism of glycerophospholipids, nicotinate and nicotinamide, glutathione, and nucleotide, and on the expression of genes related to oxidative stress (Heat shock protein 90 and reactive oxygen species modulator 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Di Ciaula A, Calamita G, Shanmugam H, Khalil M, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Baffy G, Portincasa P. Mitochondria Matter: Systemic Aspects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diagnostic Assessment of Liver Function by Stable Isotope Dynamic Breath Tests. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7702. [PMID: 34299321 PMCID: PMC8305940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in systemic metabolic processes, which include detoxification, synthesis, storage, and export of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The raising trends of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide is often associated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become the most frequent type of chronic liver disorder with risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver mitochondria play a key role in degrading the pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and xenobiotics, and to provide energy for the body cells. The morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria guarantee the proper functioning of β-oxidation of free fatty acids and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Evaluation of the liver in clinical medicine needs to be accurate in NAFLD patients and includes history, physical exam, imaging, and laboratory assays. Evaluation of mitochondrial function in chronic liver disease and NAFLD is now possible by novel diagnostic tools. "Dynamic" liver function tests include the breath test (BT) based on the use of substrates marked with the non-radioactive, naturally occurring stable isotope 13C. Hepatocellular metabolization of the substrate will generate 13CO2, which is excreted in breath and measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Breath levels of 13CO2 are biomarkers of specific metabolic processes occurring in the hepatocyte cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. 13C-BTs explore distinct chronic liver diseases including simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug, and alcohol effects. In NAFLD, 13C-BT use substrates such as α-ketoisocaproic acid, methionine, and octanoic acid to assess mitochondrial oxidation capacity which can be impaired at an early stage of disease. 13C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective, and easy method to evaluate dynamic liver function. Further applications are expected in clinical medicine. In this review, we discuss the involvement of liver mitochondria in the progression of NAFLD, together with the role of 13C-BT in assessing mitochondrial function and its potential use in the prevention and management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.K.); (L.B.)
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Yang B, Sun J, Liang S, Wu P, Lv R, He Y, Li D, Sun W, Song X. Prediction of Srebp-1 as a Key Target of Qing Gan San Against MAFLD in Rats via RNA-Sequencing Profile Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680081. [PMID: 34290609 PMCID: PMC8289482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat this disease has attracted increasing attention. The Qing Gan San (QGS) formula comprises Polygonatum sibiricum, the peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco, the leaves of Morus alba L, Cichorium intybus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and Cirsium setosum. The present study aimed to uncover the anti-hyperlipidaemic effects, hepatic fat accumulation-lowering effects and mechanisms of QGS in high-fat diet-induced MAFLD rats. QGS significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in both serum and liver tissue and partially protected hepatic function. Additionally, QGS significantly ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation with histopathology observation, as demonstrated by H&E and oil red O staining. RNA sequencing was used to further investigate the key genes involved in the development and treatment of MAFLD. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the gene expression profiles in rats with MAFLD were reversed to normal after QGS treatment. QGS had 222 potential therapeutic targets associated with MAFLD. Enrichment analysis among these targets revealed that QGS affected biological functions/pathways such as the regulation of lipid metabolic processes (GO: 0019216) and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathway (hsa04932), and identified Srebp-1 as a key regulator in the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides. Subsequently, both immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses demonstrated that QGS suppressed the transfer of Srebp-1 to the nucleus from the cytoplasm, suggesting that the activation of Srebp-1 was inhibited. Our study reveals the effects and mechanisms of QGS in the treatment of MAFLD and provides insights and prospects to further explore the pathogenesis of MAFLD and TCM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Jingyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Peixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Rui Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yanping He
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Deqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Bingül İ, Aydın AF, Küçükgergin C, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on liver damage, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end products in experimental nonalcoholic- and alcoholic- fatty liver disease. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1500-1511. [PMID: 33421970 PMCID: PMC8283439 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2007-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation are proposed as effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). 1,25(OH)2D3 was proposed to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiglycation properties. In this study, the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on oxidative stress parameters and AGEs levels together with hepatic histopathology was investigated in high fructose (HFr) or ethanol (EtOH)-treated rats. Materials and methods Rats were treated with fructose (30%) or ethanol (5-20%) in drinking water with and without 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment (5 µg/kg two times a week) for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress parameters, AGEs, triglyceride (TG), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels together with histopathology were investigated in the liver. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased hepatic reactive oxygen species, lipid and protein oxidation products together with histopathological improvements in HFr- and EtOH-treated rats. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was observed to decrease significantly serum and hepatic AGEs in HFr group, and hepatic AGEs in EtOH group. Conclusion Our results clearly show that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment may be useful in the alleviation of hepatic lesions by decreasing glycooxidant stress in both NAFLD and ALD models created by HFr- and EtOH-treated rats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Bingül
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Fatih Aydın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Küçükgergin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Retired Prof. Dr., Tayyareci Nurettin Sokak, Bakırkoy, İstanbul, Turkey
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Saleh Al-Maamari JN, Rahmadi M, Panggono SM, Prameswari DA, Pratiwi ED, Ardianto C, Balan SS, Suprapti B. The effects of quercetin on the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:637-644. [PMID: 34214346 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine the effect of quercetin on the expression of primary regulator gene involved in lipogenesis and triglycerides synthesis in the liver, and the sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a high-fat diet (HFD) model. METHODS Fifty-six Balb/c mice were divided into seven groups: standard feed; HFD; HFD and quercetin 50 mg/kg for 28 days; HFD and quercetin 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days; HFD and quercetin 50 mg/kg for 14 days; HFD and quercetin 100 mg/kg for 14 days; HFD and repaired fed for 14 days. Quercetin was administered intraperitoneally. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment; the liver was taken for macroscopic, histopathological staining using hematoxylin-eosin and reverse transcription-PCR analysis sample. RESULTS HFD significantly increased the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA; meanwhile, quercetin and repaired feed significantly reduced the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in the liver. Quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg also improved liver cells' pathological profile in high-fat diet NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that quercetin has an inhibitory effect on SREBP-1c expression and improved liver pathology in NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahardian Rahmadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sisca Melani Panggono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Devita Ardina Prameswari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eka Dewi Pratiwi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budi Suprapti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kravchenko LV, Aksenov IV, Nikitin NS, Guseva GV, Avrenyeva LI, Trusov NV, Balakina AS, Tutelyan VA. Lipoic Acid Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation in the Liver of Wistar Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Choline-Deficient Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:1999. [PMID: 34200615 PMCID: PMC8227681 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently estimated as the most prevalent chronic liver disease in all age groups. An increasing body of evidence obtained in experimental and clinical data indicates that oxidative stress is the most important pathogenic factor in the development of NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate the impact of α-lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the effects of a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control diet (C); hypercaloric choline-deficient diet (HCCD), and hypercaloric choline-deficient diet with α-lipoic acid (HCCD+LA). Supplementation of HCCD with LA for eight weeks led to a decrease in visceral adipose tissue/body weight ratio, the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1, plasma, and liver total antioxidant activity, as well as an increase in liver/body weight ratio, liver total lipid and triglyceride content, and liver transaminase activities compared to the HCCD group without LA. In conclusion, our study shows that α-lipoic acid detains obesity development but exacerbates the severity of diet-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver of male Wistar rats fed a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia V. Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Ilya V. Aksenov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nikolay S. Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Galina V. Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Ludmila I. Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nikita V. Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Anastasia S. Balakina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Victor A. Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
- FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Quercetin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review based on experimental data and bioinformatic analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112314. [PMID: 34087406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenol widely present in the plant kingdom, has received great interest due to pleiotropic effects. As evidenced by animal and cellular studies, quercetin exerts hepatoprotection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly in hepatic steatosis and hepatitis. Mechanically, various hypotheses of such protective effects have been actively proposed, including improving fatty acid metabolism, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, modulating gut microbiota and bile acid, etc. Here, the role of quercetin in NAFLD was summarized. With a particular focus on molecular mechanism, we comprehensively discussed the pathways of quercetin on NAFLD based on the analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and experimental evidence.
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Di Ciaula A, Passarella S, Shanmugam H, Noviello M, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria as Players and Targets of Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105375. [PMID: 34065331 PMCID: PMC8160908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and represents the hepatic expression of several metabolic abnormalities of high epidemiologic relevance. Fat accumulation in the hepatocytes results in cellular fragility and risk of progression toward necroinflammation, i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Several pathways contribute to fat accumulation and damage in the liver and can also involve the mitochondria, whose functional integrity is essential to maintain liver bioenergetics. In NAFLD/NASH, both structural and functional mitochondrial abnormalities occur and can involve mitochondrial electron transport chain, decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation of free fatty acids, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation. NASH is a major target of therapy, but there is no established single or combined treatment so far. Notably, translational and clinical studies point to mitochondria as future therapeutic targets in NAFLD since the prevention of mitochondrial damage could improve liver bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Salvatore Passarella
- School of Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-328-468-7215 (P.P.)
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Marica Noviello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (H.S.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-328-468-7215 (P.P.)
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Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile in rodents: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7804. [PMID: 33833347 PMCID: PMC8032686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate enriched in cabbage and broccoli, has been provided as food supplements to improve weight management and reduce lipid levels. However, its effects on serum lipid profiles are contradictory. In this review, a meta-analysis and systematic review of SFN on lipid reduction and weight control is assessed with mice and rats fed on high-fat diet. The effects of SFN supplementation were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and also by its effect on serum lipids. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall summary effect. SFN reduced BW (WMD: − 2.76 g, 95% CI: − 4.19, − 1.34) and LW (WMD: − 0.93 g, 95% CI: − 1.63, − 0.23) significantly in our ten trials. Its effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: − 15.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 24.07, − 7.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: − 8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 15.47, − 1.24) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: − 40.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 67.46, − 14.24) were significant except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) component (WMD: 1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 3.44, 5.54). However, species, disease model, duration, SFN dosage as well as route of administration did not explain the heterogeneity among studies. In summary, these findings provide new insights concerning preclinical strategies for treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as cardiovascular disease with SFN supplements.
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Rubio‐Rodríguez JC, Reynoso‐Camacho R, Rocha‐Guzmán N, Salgado LM. Functional beverages improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis modulating lysophospholipids in diet-induced obese rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1961-1971. [PMID: 33841814 PMCID: PMC8020945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercaloric beverages increase the prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diets with polyphenolic compounds improved these alterations. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of three functional beverages (prepared with: Roselle, green tea, cinnamon, Malabar tamarind, and peppermint in different proportions) on insulin resistance and NAFLD and their relation to liver phospholipid regulation in Wistar rats fed with a high-fat and fructose (HFF) diet. The consumption of beverages showed lower liver triglycerides compared to HFF control group, being the called beverage B the successful triggering up to 30.1%. The consumption of functional beverages improved insulin resistance and decreased the abundance of LysoPC (20:2), LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (14:0), LysoPE (18:0), LysoPC (15:0), and LysoPC (20:1), with beverage C being the one with the meaningful effect. The results indicate that the functional beverage consumption improves insulin resistance, and decrease the degree of NAFLD, these through modifications of lysophosphatidylcholines, and lipids metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalia Reynoso‐Camacho
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food ScienceFaculty of ChemistryAutonomous University of QueretaroQueretaroMexico
| | - Nuria Rocha‐Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaResearch Group on Functional Foods and NutraceuticalsTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de DurangoDurangoMéxico
| | - Luis M. Salgado
- CICATA‐QuerétaroInstituto Politécnico NacionalQuerétaroMéxico
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Deenin W, Malakul W, Boonsong T, Phoungpetchara I, Tunsophon S. Papaya improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and lipogenic gene expression. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:315-327. [PMID: 33815675 PMCID: PMC8006076 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health issue that is correlated with obesity and oxidative stress.
AIM To evaluate the anti-NAFLD effect of papaya in high fat diet induced obesity in rats.
METHODS Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after 1 wk of acclimatization: Group 1 was the rats fed a normal diet (C); group 2 was the rats fed a high fat diet (HFD); group 3 was the rats fed a HFD with 0.5 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFL), and group 4 was the rats fed a HFD with 1 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFH) for 12 wk. At the end of the treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses and histological assessment.
RESULTS The results of the HFH group showed significantly reduced body weight (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.01), decreased NAFLD score (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (HFL vs HFD, P < 0.01; HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), hepatic triglyceride (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), malondialdehyde (HFL, HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), tumour necrosis factor-α (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) when compared to the HFD group. However, the liver weight showed no significant difference among the groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in HFH when compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The suppression of transcriptional factors of hepatic lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, were observed in the papaya treated group (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05). These beneficial effects of papaya against HFD-induced NAFLD are through lowering hepatic lipid accumulation, suppressing the lipogenic pathway, improving the balance of antioxidant status, and lowering systemic inflammation.
CONCLUSION These current results provide experimental-based evidence suggesting papaya is an efficacious medicinal fruit for use in the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tantip Boonsong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ittipon Phoungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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The Role of Resveratrol in Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030933. [PMID: 33805795 PMCID: PMC7999728 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that resveratrol has a lot of therapeutic effects on liver disorders. Its administration can significantly increase the survival rate after liver transplantation, reduce fat deposition and ischemia-induced necrosis and apoptosis in Wistar rats. Resveratrol can provide Liver protection against chemical, cholestatic, and alcohol-mediated damage. It can improve glucose metabolism and lipid profile, reduce liver fibrosis, and steatosis. Additionally, it is capable of altering the fatty acid composition of the liver cells. Resveratrol may be a potential treatment option for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calorie-restricting effects. There are also studies that have evaluated the effect of resveratrol on lipid and liver enzyme profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Based on the extent of liver disease worldwide and the need to find new treatment possibilities, this review critically examines current in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies and human clinical studies related to liver protection.
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Aydos LR, do Amaral LA, Jacobowski AC, de Souza RS, Parisotto EB, de Menezes MB, Junior FFB, Fernandes ES, Silva IS, Portugal LC, Oliveira CG, Masuko GTS, Cavalheiro LF, Nazário CED, Dos Santos EF, Macedo MLR. Buriti pulp oil did not improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in c57bl/6 mice. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:364-375. [PMID: 33226712 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are growing in many parts of the world, becoming public health problems. It is proposed that foods with functional properties can assist in the treatment of these diseases. Crude buriti pulp oil (BPO) is a food traditionally consumed by residents in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Brazilian Amazon. It is rich in oleic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, emerging as a potential functional food. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of BPO on metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet. Four groups of C57BL6 mice were used, a lean group with AIN-93M diet and control oil supplementation, an obese group with a high-fat diet and control oil supplementation, and two obese groups with a high-fat diet and BPO supplementation in the amounts of 50 and 100 mg/kg. BPO worsened the metabolic state caused by the high-fat diet, worsening risk factors associated with MetS, as the abdominal circumference and retroperitoneal fat, serum levels of total cholesterol, uric acid, alanine transaminase, glucose and triglycerides, and renal fat, in addition to changes in glycaemic control and oxidative stress markers. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet and supplemented with BPO presented a worsening in metabolic risk factors associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Recena Aydos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions (LPPFB), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Luane Aparecida do Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Jacobowski
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions (LPPFB), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Serafim de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions (LPPFB), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Biava de Menezes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Bittencourt Junior
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados - MS, Brazil
- Clinical analysis laboratory, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados - MS, Brazil
| | - Emely Schuindt Fernandes
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados - MS, Brazil
- Clinical analysis laboratory, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados - MS, Brazil
| | - Iandara Schettert Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Disease Models, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Luciane Candeloro Portugal
- Bioscience Institute (INBIO), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Gonçalves Oliveira
- Bioscience Institute (INBIO), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elisvânia Freitas Dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions (LPPFB), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
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Ferramosca A, Lorenzetti S, Di Giacomo M, Lunetti P, Murrieri F, Capobianco L, Dolce V, Coppola L, Zara V. Modulation of Human Sperm Mitochondrial Respiration Efficiency by Plant Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020217. [PMID: 33540578 PMCID: PMC7912874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactives, such as polyphenols, can differentially affect (positively or negatively) sperm quality, depending on their concentration. These molecules have been proposed as natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for male infertility treatment. However, few data are available about their effects on the molecular mechanisms related to sperm quality and, in particular, to sperm mitochondrial function. We investigated the effects of quercetin, naringenin, genistein, apigenin, luteolin, and resveratrol at the concentration of 0.1-1000 nM on mitochondrial respiration efficiency. Upon chemical exposure, spermatozoa were swollen in a hypotonic solution and used for polarographic assays of mitochondrial respiration. All tested compounds, except for apigenin, caused a significant increase in the mitochondrial respiration efficiency at the concentration of 0.1 nM, and a significant decrease starting from concentrations of 10 nM. The analysis of oxygen consumption rate in the active and in the resting state of mitochondrial respiration suggested different mechanisms by which the tested compounds modulate mitochondrial function. Therefore, by virtue of their ability to stimulate the respiration active state, quercetin, genistein, and luteolin were found to improve mitochondrial function in asthenozoospermic samples. Our results are relevant to the debate on the promises and perils of natural antioxidants in nutraceutical supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.G.); (P.L.); (L.C.); (V.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298705; Fax: +39-0832-298626
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Di Giacomo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.G.); (P.L.); (L.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.G.); (P.L.); (L.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Francesco Murrieri
- Biological Medical Center “Tecnomed”, I-73048 Nardò (LE), Italy; (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.G.); (P.L.); (L.C.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy;
| | - Lamberto Coppola
- Biological Medical Center “Tecnomed”, I-73048 Nardò (LE), Italy; (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.G.); (P.L.); (L.C.); (V.Z.)
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65
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Protective effect of resveratrol on the kidney in rats under immunosuppression with tacrolimus. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.831592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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66
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Vahid F, Rahmani D, Hekmatdoost A. The association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset; new findings from an incident case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:360-364. [PMID: 33487290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests an increasing global trend in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence. Researchers have noted the importance of the role of dietary antioxidants in reducing the incidence of NAFLD. The dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a valid indicator that considers the -diet's total antioxidant properties. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the relationship between DAI and NAFLD. We hypothesized that there is a link between the DAI and the NAFLD. METHODS This case-control study included 295 patients with NAFLD and 704 controls. The patients' dietary intake was assessed through a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We standardized each of vitamin A, C, E, and selenium, manganese, and zinc by subtracting the global mean and dividing by the global SD to calculate the DAI. RESULTS Subjects with DAI score -0.46 < were at higher odds of having NAFLD compared to subjects with DAI -0.46 ≥ (ORDAI<-0.46/≥-0.46 = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.41-0.73). After adjustment for age, gender, and total energy intake (model B) a reverse and significant association was seen (ORDAI<-0.46/≥-0.46 = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39-0.82). CONCLUSION The role of antioxidants in reducing the odds of NAFLD is fundamental. Taking antioxidants such as vitamins A, E, C, zinc, selenium, and manganese through food can effectively reduce NAFLD odds. On the other hand, studies should examine DAI's sensitivity and specificity in various settings and outcomes to use it in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
| | - Diana Rahmani
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Grattagliano I, Di Ciaula A, Baj J, Molina-Molina E, Shanmugam H, Garruti G, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Protocols for Mitochondria as the Target of Pharmacological Therapy in the Context of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2310:201-246. [PMID: 34096005 PMCID: PMC8580566 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1433-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent metabolic chronic liver diseases in developed countries and puts the populations at risk of progression to liver necro-inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the onset of NAFLD and contributes to the progression from NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Thus, liver mitochondria could become the target for treatments for improving liver function in NAFLD patients. This chapter describes the most important steps used for potential therapeutic interventions in NAFLD patients, discusses current options gathered from both experimental and clinical evidence, and presents some novel options for potentially improving mitochondrial function in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilio Molina-Molina
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Jeon H, Yang D, Lee NH, Ahn M, Kim G. Inhibitory Effect of Black Radish ( Raphanus sativus L. var. niger) Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Monocyte/Macrophage-Like Cell Line RAW 264.7. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:408-421. [PMID: 33505935 PMCID: PMC7813598 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger), which is cultivated worldwide, is used in traditional medicine as it aids liver function, gastric secretion, gallbladder function, and gallstone mitigation. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of black radish extract (BRE) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interleukin (IL)-6-mediated inflammatory responses in the RAW 264.7 cell lines. Our findings show that BRE significantly ameliorated LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin E2. The levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were found to be suppressed by BRE. Further, BRE significantly suppressed the LPS-induced expression of mRNAs encoding COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. BRE treatment significantly inhibited Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in IL-6- and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, BRE decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase under the same conditions. Moreover, BRE induced high nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) levels and its target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the absence of LPS. These data demonstrate that BRE may be beneficial for treating inflammation through selective immunomodulatory effects, which may be mediated by inhibition of the STAT3/JAK2 and activation of the NRF2/HO-1 signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsik Jeon
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Dawun Yang
- Research Team, Creation & Innovation Research Institute, IT'S HANBUL Co., Ltd., Seoul 06101, Korea
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Gangwon 26339, Korea
| | - Giok Kim
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
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Morio B, Panthu B, Bassot A, Rieusset J. Role of mitochondria in liver metabolic health and diseases. Cell Calcium 2020; 94:102336. [PMID: 33387847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major organ that coordinates the metabolic flexibility of the whole body, which is characterized by the ability to adapt dynamically in response to fluctuations in energy needs and supplies. In this context, hepatocyte mitochondria are key partners in fine-tuning metabolic flexibility. Here we review the metabolic and signalling pathways carried by mitochondria in the liver, the major pathways that regulate mitochondrial function and how they function in health and metabolic disorders associated to obesity, i.e. insulin resistance, non-alcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, strategies targeting mitochondria to counteract liver disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arthur Bassot
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2H7, Canada
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Honeybee Pollen Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Steatosis in Hepatic Cells. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010006. [PMID: 33374984 PMCID: PMC7792600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additional therapies using functional foods and dietary supplements have been investigated and used in clinical practice, showing them to be beneficial. Honeybee pollen from Chile has shown a large concentration of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. In this work, we characterized twenty-eight bee pollen extracts from the central zone of Chile according to botanical origin, phenolic profile, quercetin concentration, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and ORAC-FL). Our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Selected samples were evaluated on the ability to reverse the steatosis in an in vitro cell model using Hepa1-6 cells. The pollen extracts protected Hepa1-6 cells against oxidative damage triggered by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the phenolic compounds present in the extract to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, bee pollen extracts reduce lipid accumulation in a cellular model of steatosis. In summary, our results support the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-steatosis effect of bee pollen in an in vitro model.
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71
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Pani S, Sahoo A, Patra A, Debata PR. Phytocompounds curcumin, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, and resveratrol modulate lactate-pyruvate level along with cytotoxic activity in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1396-1402. [PMID: 33099806 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells meet their energy need by predominantly increased uptake of glucose, high rate of glycolysis, and increased production of lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. This process was proposed by Otto Warburg and named after him as the Warburg effect. The development of drugs that target glucose intake and aerobic glycolysis or lactic acid secretion of cancer cells is a newer approach for drug discovery. We have tested five purified plants-derived compounds such as curcumin, quercetin, ellagic acid, resveratrol, and indole-3-carbinol in HeLa cells for cytotoxicity, inhibition of metastasis, and modulation of lactate-pyruvate metabolism. Standard biochemical methods were used for glucose, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid measurement. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell migration was checked by wound healing assay. A dose-dependent cytotoxic effect and inhibition of cell migration were observed in all the tested compounds. A decrease in the lactate and increase in pyruvate level was observed in all the tested compounds except ellagic acid. Our finding suggests that tested phytocompounds are associated with the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and execute the cytotoxic effect. These compounds could be used for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Pani
- P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Sahoo
- P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
| | - Abhilipsa Patra
- P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Debata
- P. G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
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72
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Lee MR, Kim JE, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi YW, Kim KM, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Fermented mulberry (Morus alba) leaves suppress high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis through amelioration of the inflammatory response and autophagy pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 32948162 PMCID: PMC7501671 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) is reported to exert anti-obesity activity, although their molecular mechanism during hepatic steatosis has not verified. METHODS To investigate the role of inflammation and autophagy during the anti-hepatic steatosis effects of EMfC, we measured alterations in the key parameters for inflammatory response and autophagy pathway in liver tissues of the high fat diet (HFD) treated C57BL/6N mice after exposure to EMfC for 12 weeks. RESULTS Significant anti-hepatic steatosis effects, including decreased number of lipid droplets and expression of Klf2 mRNA, were detected in the liver of the HFD + EMfC treated group. The levels of mast cell infiltration, expression of two inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2), and the MAPK signaling pathway were remarkably decreased in the liver of HFD + EMfC treated group as compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Furthermore, a similar inhibitory effect was measured for the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB. The expression level of members in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (a central regulator in autophagy) was recovered after treatment with EMfC, and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin and LC3-II) were remarkably decreased in the HFD + EMfC treated group compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Moreover, the HFD + EMfC treated group showed decreased transcript levels of autophagy-regulated genes including Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, findings of the present study provide novel evidences that the anti-hepatic steatosis of EMfC is tightly linked to the regulation of the inflammatory response and autophagy pathway in the liver tissue of HFD-induced obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institue, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Chungju, 28126, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea.
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Coelho JM, Cansanção K, Perez RDM, Leite NC, Padilha P, Ramalho A, Peres W. Association between serum and dietary antioxidant micronutrients and advanced liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an observational study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9838. [PMID: 32995080 PMCID: PMC7502233 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite clinical trials with antioxidant supplementation, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins and minerals, and none have reported on the status of these serum antioxidants associated with the dietary intake of antioxidants by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate association between serum and dietetics antioxidants with liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Across-section analysis with out with 72 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Hepatic fibrosis was measured by FibroScan®, and liver stiffness ≥7.9 kPa was considered to indicate advanced fibrosis. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, serum zinc, and selenium were evaluated, as was the dietary intake of these micronutrients in the previous 24 h (using 24-h dietary recall). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the fibrosis groups and, a linear regression analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors between age, sex, BMI, hepatic fibrosis, and serum antioxidants. RESULTS A high proportion of inadequate serum retinol (20.8%), vitamin C (27%), and selenium (73.6%) was observed in the patients with NAFLD, in addition to a significant inadequacy of vitamin A (98.3%) and vitamin E (100%) intake. Patients with advanced liver fibrosis had reduced levels of serum retinol (P = 0.002), with liver fibrosis being the independent risk factor associated with serum retinol lower. CONCLUSION Hepatic fibrosis was associated with a reduction in serum retinol and was reduced in advanced fibrosis. NAFLD patients showed an important serum deficiency and insufficient dietary intake of the evaluated micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Moraes Coelho
- The Capriglione Luiz State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Cansanção
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata de Mello Perez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Ramalho
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition and Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilza Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Combination of luteolin and lycopene effectively protect against the “two-hit” in NAFLD through Sirt1/AMPK signal pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:117990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower progression risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a prospective study. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:460-470. [PMID: 32713378 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid-rich foods have shown a beneficial effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in short-term randomised trials. It is uncertain whether the usual dietary intake of flavonoids may benefit patients with NAFLD. The present study evaluated the association between the usual intake of flavonoids and the risk of progression in NAFLD. The prospective study included 2694 adults from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study. Face-to-face interviews using a seventy-nine-item FFQ were administered to assess habitual dietary flavonoid intake, while abdominal ultrasonography was conducted to evaluate the presence and degree of NAFLD, with measurements conducted 3 years apart. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher flavonoid intakes were gradely associated with reduced risks of worsen NAFLD status. The relative risks of worsening (v. non-worsening) NAFLD in the highest (v. lowest) quintile were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·93) for total flavonoids, 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) for flavanones, 0·74 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·96) for flavan-3-ols, 0·90 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·18) for flavonols, 0·73 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) for flavones, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·61, 1·02) for isoflavones and 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·96) for anthocyanins. An L-shaped relationship was observed between total flavonoid intake and the risk of NAFLD progression. Path analyses showed that the association between flavonoids and NAFLD progression was mediated by decreases in serum cholesterol and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. This prospective study showed that higher flavonoid intake was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD progression in the elderly overweight/obese Chinese population.
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Fadda LM, Ali HM, Mohamed AM, Hagar H. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rat livers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19142-19150. [PMID: 31055753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDO-ns) are extensively used in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries, discussions about the possible hazards of nanomaterials are just beginning to emerge. This study aimed to detect the inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death induced in the livers of rats exposed to TDO-ns (600 mg/kg, particle size ≤ 100 nm). Furthermore, the modulation of these toxic effects by two potent naturally occurring antioxidants, carnosine (Carno) or melatonin (Melato), was evaluated. The co-administration of carnosine or melatonin to rats intoxicated with TDO-ns significantly attenuated the increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The two agents markedly ameliorated hepatic DNA damage and the alterations in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), cytochrome P450, caspase-3, total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and triglyceride (TG) levels. These results support the use of Carno or Melato as prophylactic agents against TDO-ns-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Po Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Barbosa RJ, Ratti da Silva G, Cola IM, Kuchler JC, Coelho N, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, de Souza R, Zonta FN, Froehlich DL, Jacomassi E, Soares AA, Velasques LG, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Acco A, Lívero FADR. Promising therapeutic use of Baccharis trimera (less.) DC. as a natural hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112729. [PMID: 32145332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC is a perennial subshrub, popularly known as "carqueja," that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Ethnobotanical studies indicate that this species is used for the treatment of diabetes and digestive and liver diseases. However, studies that sought to validate its popular use were conducted using ethanolic extracts of the plant, which does not reflect the ethnomedicinal use of this species in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in the liver that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the severity of this disease, less toxic and more effective therapeutic agents need to be developed. B. trimera may be a promising therapeutic alternative, but its activity against multiple risk factors for liver disease (e.g., smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) has not been studied. The present study investigated the effects of an ethnomedicinal form of a B. trimera preparation in a rat model of NAFLD that is associated with multiple risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic soluble fraction of B. trimera extract was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in male Wistar rats. The rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks). In the last 2 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control group), B. trimera extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin + simvastatin. One group of rats that was not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated. Blood was collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) analysis. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was additionally processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS The model successfully induced NAFLD and increased levels of glucose, AST, and ALT in the negative control group. Treatment with the B. trimera extract (30 and 100 mg/kg) and insulin + simvastatin decreased hepatic and fecal lipids. In contrast to insulin + simvastatin treatment, all three doses of B. trimera effectively reduced AST and ALT levels. CONCLUSION B. trimera may be promising as a hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jachimowski Barbosa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Coelho
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Velasques
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzkoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Metabolism, Post-Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
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Yan K, Wang X, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Zhu H, Gong F. Safflower Yellow and Its Main Component HSYA Alleviate Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Possible Involvement of the Increased Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver and Adipose Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:482. [PMID: 32372961 PMCID: PMC7186386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated disorders. Safflower yellow (SY) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the natural compounds isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been found to possess antioxidative and anti-obesity properties. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether SY and its main component HSYA alleviate obesity by the antioxidant effects. Methods Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with 200 mg/kg/d SY or HSYA for 10 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, serum biochemical parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue were measured. In vitro, H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SY and HSYA to investigate the direct effects of SY and HSYA on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results SY and HSYA significantly decreased the body weight gain of DIO mice, and decreased fat mass to 57.8% and 61.6% of the control mice, respectively (P < 0.05). The parameters of glucose metabolism and liver function were improved after SY and HSYA treatment. The hepatic SOD activities and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue of SY and HSYA treated mice were increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of SY and HSYA on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and adipocytes also increased the expression of the antioxidant factor and antioxidant enzymes to 1.2~3.3 folds of the control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion SY and its main component HSYA could significantly decrease the fat mass, and improve glucose metabolism and liver function in diet-induced obese mice. The beneficial effects of SY and HSYA on obesity and metabolism may be associated with the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Qin SH, Lau ATY, Liang ZL, Tan HW, Ji YC, Zhong QH, Zhao XY, Xu YM. Resveratrol Promotes Tumor Microvessel Growth via Endoglin and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway and Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Gemcitabine against Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040974. [PMID: 32326402 PMCID: PMC7225973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The synergistic anticancer effect of gemcitabine (GEM) and resveratrol (RSVL) has been noted in certain cancer types. However, whether the same phenomenon would occur in lung cancer is unclear. Here, we uncovered the molecular mechanism by which RSVL enhances the anticancer effect of GEM against lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We established human lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 xenografts in nude mice and treated them with GEM and RSVL to detect their synergistic effect in vivo. Tumor tissue sections from nude mice were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for blood vessel morphological observation, and immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect CD31-positive staining blood vessels. We also established the HCC827-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture model to observe the tubule network formation. Human angiogenesis antibody array was used to screen the angiogenesis-related proteins in RSVL-treated HCC827. RSVL suppressed the expression of endoglin (ENG) and increased tumor microvessel growth and blood perfusion into tumor. Co-treatment of RSVL and GEM led to more tumor growth suppression than treatment of GEM alone. Mechanistically, using the HCC827-HUVEC co-culture model, we showed that RSVL-suppressed ENG expression was accompanied with augmented levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and increased tubule network formation, which may explain why RSVL promoted tumor microvessel growth in vivo. RSVL promoted tumor microvessel growth via ENG and ERK and enhanced the anticancer efficacy of GEM. Our results suggest that intake of RSVL may be beneficial during lung cancer chemotherapy.
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81
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Shi K, Li R, Xu Z, Zhang Q. Identification of Crucial Genetic Factors, Such as PPARγ, that Regulate the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver Disease in Dairy Cows Is Imperative for the Sustainable Development of Dairy Industry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E639. [PMID: 32272794 PMCID: PMC7222768 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently occurring fatty liver disease in dairy cows during the perinatal period, a typical type of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), results in worldwide high culling rates of dairy cows (averagely about 25%) after calving. This has been developing into a critical industrial problem throughout the world, because the metabolic disease severely affects the welfare and economic value of dairy cows. Findings about the molecular mechanisms how the fatty liver disease develops would help scientists to discover novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Studies have shown that PPARγ participates or regulates the fat deposition in liver by affecting the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation, which all contribute to fatty liver. This review mainly focuses on crucial regulatory mechanisms of PPARγ regulating lipid deposition in the liver via direct and/or indirect pathways, suggesting that PPARγ might be a potential critical therapeutic target for fatty liver disease, however, it would be of our significant interest to reveal the pathology and pathogenesis of NAFLD by using dairy cows with fatty liver as an animal model. This review will provide a molecular mechanism basis for understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China; (R.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.)
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Zhang R, Chu K, Zhao N, Wu J, Ma L, Zhu C, Chen X, Wei G, Liao M. Corilagin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Autophagic Flux. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1693. [PMID: 32116684 PMCID: PMC7011087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Corilagin (Cori) possesses multiple biological activities. To determine whether Cori can exert protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its potential mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) alone or in combination with Cori (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and AML12 cells were exposed to 200 μM PA/OA with or without Cori (10 μM or 20 μM). Phenotypes and key indicators relevant to NAFLD were examined both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Cori significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, confirmed by improved serum lipid profiles, and hepatic TC, TG contents, and the gene expression related to lipid metabolism in livers of HFD mice. Moreover, Cori attenuated HFD-mediated autophagy (including mitophagy) blockage by restoring autophagic flux, evidenced by increased number of autophagic double vesicles containing mitochondria, elevated LC3II protein levels, decreased p62 protein levels, as well as enhanced colocalization of autophagy-related protein (LC3, Parkin) and mitochondria. In accordance with this, Cori also reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA levels, and enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes including SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. In addition, Cori treatment improved mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In parallel with this, Cori decreased mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage, while increased mitochondrial biogenesis related transcription factors expression, mitochondrial DNA content and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Cori is a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD via diminishing oxidative stress, restoring autophagic flux, as well as improving mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nengjiang Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjuan Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Real-Sandoval SA, Gutiérrez-López GF, Domínguez-López A, Paniagua-Castro N, Michicotl-Meneses MM, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Downregulation of proinflammatory liver gene expression by Justicia spicigera and kaempferitrin in a murine model of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ferro Y, Montalcini T, Mazza E, Foti D, Angotti E, Gliozzi M, Nucera S, Paone S, Bombardelli E, Aversa I, Musolino V, Mollace V, Pujia A. Randomized Clinical Trial: Bergamot Citrus and Wild Cardoon Reduce Liver Steatosis and Body Weight in Non-diabetic Individuals Aged Over 50 Years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32849284 PMCID: PMC7431622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the world. However, no effective pharmacological treatment for this condition has been found. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot citrus and wild cardoon as a treatment for individuals with fatty liver disease. The primary outcome measure was the change in liver fat content. Methods: A total of 102 patients with liver steatosis were enrolled in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The intervention group received a nutraceutical containing a Bergamot polyphenol fraction and Cynara Cardunculus extract, 300 mg/day for 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo daily. Liver fat content, by transient elastography, serum transaminases, lipids and glucose were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. Results: We found a greater liver fat content reduction in the participants taking the nutraceutical rather than placebo (-48.2 ± 39 vs. -26.9 ± 43 dB/m, p = 0.02); The percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant in those with android obesity, overweight/obesity as well as in women. However, after adjustment for weight change, the percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant only in those over 50 years (44 vs. 78% in placebo and nutraceutical, respectively, p = 0.007). Conclusions: This specific nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot and wild cardoon reduced the liver fat content during 12 weeks in individuals with liver steatosis over 50 years. If confirmed, this nutraceutical could become the cornerstone treatment of patients affected by liver steatosis. Clinical Trial Registration: www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN12833814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tiziana Montalcini
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Angotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Aversa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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85
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57bl/6 Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123067. [PMID: 31888190 PMCID: PMC6949901 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have a range of animal models in which to study Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Induction of NAFLD by a high-fat diet in the C57BL/6 strain is the most widely used among mice. In this study, we review works that performed NAFLD induction by a high-fat diet using the C57BL/6 strain, focusing on experiments on the effects of lipid ingestion. Studies are initially distinguished into researches in which mice received lipids by oral gavage and studies in which lipid was added to the diet, and each of these designs has peculiarities that must be considered. Oral gavage can be stressful for animals and needs trained handlers but allows accurate control of the dose administered. The addition of oils to the diet can prevent stress caused to mice by gavage, but possible changes in the consistency, taste, and smell of the diet should be considered. Regarding the experimental design, some variables, such as animal sex, treatment time, and diet-related variables, appear to have a definite pattern. However, no pattern was found regarding the number of animals per group, age at the beginning of the experiment, time of adaptation, the substance used as a vehicle, and substance used as a control.
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86
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Mun J, Park J, Yoon HG, You Y, Choi KC, Lee YH, Kim K, Lee J, Kim OK, Jun W. Effects of Eriobotrya japonica Water Extract on Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Impairment. J Med Food 2019; 22:1262-1270. [PMID: 31834842 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of the hot water extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EJW) on EtOH- or free fatty acid (FFA)-induced fatty liver injury in vitro. HepG2/2E1 cells were exposed to EtOH and HepG2 cells were exposed to a mixture of FFAs (oleic acid:palmitic acid, 2:1) to stimulate oxidative stress and to induce lipid accumulation, respectively. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased and lipid accumulation was inhibited in cells pretreated with EJW compared to those in cells exposed to EtOH or FFA only. Also, 5'adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylations were considerably increased, indicating activation of AMPK. Furthermore, EJW reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipogenesis-associated factors such as ACC, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and increased mRNA expression related to components of the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, such as AMPK, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). These results suggest that EJW possessed potential preventive effects against both EtOH- and FFA-induced fatty liver disease by alleviation of oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Mun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yanghee You
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic, Ganggyung, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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87
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Fernández-Palanca P, Fondevila F, Méndez-Blanco C, Tuñón MJ, González-Gallego J, Mauriz JL. Antitumor Effects of Quercetin in Hepatocarcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122875. [PMID: 31775362 PMCID: PMC6950472 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid present in fruits, vegetables and plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Its beneficial activities have been demonstrated in different human pathologies, including hepatoprotective effects against liver disorders. High mortality and late diagnosis of the primary liver tumor hepatocarcinoma (HCC) makes this cancer an interesting target for the study of quercetin effects. Our aim was to systematically review antitumor activities of quercetin in HCC preclinical studies employing single, encapsulated, combined or derived quercetin forms. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), and 39 studies were finally included. We found that 17 articles evaluated quercetin effects alone, six used encapsulated strategy, 10 combined this flavonoid, two decided to co-encapsulate it and only four studied effects of quercetin derivatives, highlighting that only nine included in vivo models. Results evidence the quercetin antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties against HCC either alone and with the mentioned strategies; nevertheless, few investigations assessed specific activities on different processes related with cancer progression. Overall, further studies including animal models are needed to deeper investigate the precise mechanisms of action of quercetin as antitumor agent, as well as the potential of novel strategies aimed to improve quercetin effects in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-Palanca
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavia Fondevila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Méndez-Blanco
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Mauriz
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.F.-P.); (F.F.); (C.M.-B.); (M.J.T.); (J.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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88
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Hidalgo I, Nájera N, Meaney E, Pérez-Durán J, Valdespino-Vazquez Y, Villarreal F, Ceballos G. Effects of (-)-epicatechin on the time course of the expression of perilipins in a diet-induced model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108296. [PMID: 32007822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The existing treatments for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are not completely effective. The need for new alternatives without adverse effects and low cost, such as the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC), which has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, arises. The objective of this work was to analyze EC effects in the NASH induced by a Paigen-type diet (PD). Mice were administered with (1) normal chow and water, (2) PD + fructose 30% and (3) PD + fructose 30% + EC (1 mg/kg) per gavage during 9 weeks. At the end of each treatment, serum was collected for analysis of the biochemical profile and liver enzymes. The liver was collected for microscopic analysis and for the evaluation of the relative expression of Plin2, Plin3, CD36, adiponectin and UCP2. Results showed that EC reduced weight gain and decreased triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG/high-density lipoprotein and the activity of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), suggesting lower liver damage. The microscopic analysis showed less "balloonization" of the hepatocyte, small drops of lipids, less accumulation of collagen and infiltration of inflammatory cells as compared to nontreated group. Finally, a decrease in the expression of Plin 2 was observed. While CD36 decreased, adiponectin and UCP2 increased. In conclusion, EC improves the biochemical profile, the microscopic characteristics and protein expression. Therefore, it may be a possible therapeutic approach for NASH since it prevents the progression of the hepatic and metabolic damage induced by high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hidalgo
- Seccion de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Seccion de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Seccion de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX
| | - Javier Pérez-Durán
- Laboratorio de Genetica y Genomica humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX
| | - Yolotzin Valdespino-Vazquez
- Anatomia Patologica. Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX.
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89
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Kim SK, Lee S, Lee MK, Lee S. A systems pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism of Oryeong-san formula for the treatment of hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112129. [PMID: 31376514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oryeong-san (ORS) is a traditional formula that has long been used for the treatment of dysfunctions of body fluids and electrolyte homeostasis in Korea, China and Japan. Recent reports have shown that ORS may suppress hypertension by controlling the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the kidney, but its action mechanism has not been well defined. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to decipher the ORS mechanisms in the treatment of hypertension using a systems pharmacology approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds of ORS were obtained from the TM-MC (database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine), and the drug-likeness (DL) and oral bioavailability (OB) of the compounds were evaluated. The potential targets of the compounds were identified using various pharmacology databases. To analyze the mechanisms of the ORS for hypertension, a Compound-Target-Disease (C-T-D) network was established with respect to the genes related to hypertension. RESULTS A screening evaluation of the DL and OB of the ORS compounds identified a list of 232 active compounds. The pharmacological activity of the targets was investigated by exploring the interaction network between the compounds and the targets. Analysis of the interactions between the compounds and the hypertension-related targets revealed that 14 ORS compounds regulate the RAAS and vasoconstrictors in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS This study used the systems pharmacology approach to decipher the mechanisms of action of ORS for the treatment of hypertension. When hypertension drugs and ORS are used in combination for treatment, possible side effects should be considered because most hypertension drugs are related to the RAAS. The results of this study may provide clues to not only analyze the pharmacological activity of ORS for the treatment of hypertension but other diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungho Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Ku Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Evaluation with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity of the protective role of astaxanthin on hepatorenal injury of remote organs caused by ischaemia reperfusion of the lower extremities. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2019; 15:161-172. [PMID: 32550950 PMCID: PMC7294969 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2019.88620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ischemia and following reperfusion triggers local and systemic damage with the involvement of free oxygen radicals and inflammatory mediators. Although blood flow saves extremity from necrosis,multi organ dysfunction may progress and cause death of the patient. Aim The study aims to examine the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the prevention of remote tissue injury resulting from lower extremity ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R). To elucidate the potential hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of AST, in addition to histopathological findings, the intrahepatic and intrarenal kinetics of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during I/R were determined by using the immunohistochemical method. Material and methods Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. For the control group, only the anaesthesia procedure (2 h) was conducted without I/R. In the I/R group, 2 h of reperfusion was conducted following ischaemia under anaesthesia. For the I/R group + AST, 7 days prior to ischaemia, 125 mg/kg AST was given with gavage, and 2 h of ischaemia and 2 h of reperfusion were conducted under anaesthesia. Following necropsy, liver and kidney tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 48 h for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation. Results The histological analysis revealed that severe I/R hepatorenal injury such as inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation in sinusoids and lumen of tubuli, congestion in glomerular capillaries, degeneration in hepatocyte and epithelial cells of tubuli, and necrosis was ameliorated by AST. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the I/R-induced elevation in eNOS expression was reduced by AST treatment. Conclusions In the case of acute lower extremity I/R, AST decreased the ischaemic injury in liver and renal tissues by protecting the microcirculation and providing a cytoprotective effect with vasodilatation.
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91
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Róvero Costa M, Leite Garcia J, Cristina Vágula de Almeida Silva C, Junio Togneri Ferron A, Valentini Francisqueti-Ferron F, Kurokawa Hasimoto F, Schmitt Gregolin C, Henrique Salomé de Campos D, Roberto de Andrade C, Dos Anjos Ferreira AL, Renata Corrêa C, Moreto F. Lycopene Modulates Pathophysiological Processes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E276. [PMID: 31387231 PMCID: PMC6720442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The higher consumption of fat and sugar are associated with obesity development and its related diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lycopene is an antioxidant whose protective potential on fatty liver degeneration has been investigated. The aim of this study was to present the therapeutic effects of lycopene on NAFLD related to the obesity induced by a hypercaloric diet. Methods: Wistar rats were distributed in two groups: Control (Co, n = 12) and hypercaloric (Ob, n = 12). After 20 weeks, the animals were redistributed into the control group (Co, n = 6), control group supplemented with lycopene (Co+Ly, n = 6), obese group (Ob, n = 6), and obese group supplemented with lycopene (Ob+Ly, n = 6). Ob groups also received water + sucrose (25%). Animals received lycopene solution (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) via gavage for 10 weeks. Results: Animals which consumed the hypercaloric diet had higher adiposity index, increased fasting blood glucose, hepatic and blood triglycerides, and also presented in the liver macro and microvesicular steatosis, besides elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Lycopene has shown therapeutic effects on blood and hepatic lipids, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), mitigated TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and further improved the hepatic antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: Lycopene shows therapeutic potential to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
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92
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Elvira-Torales LI, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070229. [PMID: 31330977 PMCID: PMC6681007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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93
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Khalil M, Khalifeh H, Baldini F, Salis A, Damonte G, Daher A, Voci A, Vergani L. Antisteatotic and antioxidant activities of Thymbra spicata L. extracts in hepatic and endothelial cells as in vitro models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111919. [PMID: 31029756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymbra spicata, a member of the Lamiaceae family, is native to eastern Mediterranean area. Leaves of this plant are rich in phenolic compounds and are a popular remedy of traditional medicine in Lebanon to prevent and/or counteract hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antisteatotic and antioxidant activities of extracts from leaves of Thymbra spicata L. using in vitro models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, for whom no effective treatments are still available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different extracts from Thymbra spicata L. aerial parts were prepared using water (TW) or ethanol (TE) as solvent. Their chemical composition was characterized by gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Both extracts were tested on cultured hepatic and endothelial cells treated to mimic in vitro a multisistemic pathology such as NAFLD. We assayed the effects on lipid accumulation, free radical production, lipid peroxidation, cell migration. RESULTS Both the total phenolic and the total flavonoid contents were higher in the ethanolic extract. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant polyphenol in TW, while TE was richer in carvacrol. Our findings demonstrated that both extracts ameliorated lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation in the NAFLD cellular models. However, the aqueous extract was more effective to reduce hepatic steatosis, and the ethanolic extract had higheranti-oxidant potential and wound healing activity. CONCLUSIONS T. spicata extracts could be promising bioactive products to develop natural therapeutic agents or dietary supplements to treat NAFLD and obesity-related metabolic disease. Our findings suggest that while the ethanolic extract might be used in preventing endothelium dysfunction, the aqueous extract would act better as lipid-lowering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy; Department of Biology, Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Khalifeh
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesca Baldini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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Yang XX, Wang X, Shi TT, Dong JC, Li FJ, Zeng LX, Yang M, Gu W, Li JP, Yu J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The alleviating effect and its mechanism of Polygonatum kingianum. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109083. [PMID: 31387169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Developing mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represent attractive strategies for NAFLD therapy. In China, Polygonatum kingianum (PK) has been used as a herb and food nutrient for centuries. So far, studies in which the effects of PK on NAFLD are evaluated are lacking. Our study aims at identifying the effects and mechanism of action of PK on NAFLD based on mitochondrial regulation. METHODS A NAFLD rat model was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and rats were intragastrically given PK (1, 2 and 4 g/kg) for 14 weeks. Changes in body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters and mitochondrial indicators involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and apoptosis were investigated. RESULTS PK significantly inhibited the HFD-induced increase of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, and TC and triglyceride in the liver. In addition, PK reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver enlargement without affecting food intake. PK also remarkably inhibited the HFD-induced increase of malondialdehyde and the reduction of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in mitochondria. Moreover, mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and uncoupling protein-2 was significantly up-regulated and down-regulated after PK treatment, respectively. Finally, PK notably inhibited the HFD-induced increase of caspase 9, caspase 3 and Bax expression in hepatocytes, and the decrease of expression of Bcl-2 in hepatocytes and cytchrome c in mitochondria. CONCLUSION PK alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD by promoting mitochondrial functions. Thus, PK may be useful mitochondrial regulators/nutrients to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jin-Cai Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lin-Xi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China; Kunming Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases Prevention and Treatment by Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
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95
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Pinitol consumption improves liver health status by reducing oxidative stress and fatty acid accumulation in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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96
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Teixeira LDL, Dörr F, Dias CT, Pinto E, Lajolo FM, Villas-Bôas SG, Hassimotto NM. Human urine metabolomic signature after ingestion of polyphenol-rich juice of purple grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.). Food Res Int 2019; 120:544-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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97
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Murai T, Kawasumi K, Tominaga K, Okada Y, Kobayashi M, Arai T. Effects of astaxanthin supplementation in healthy and obese dogs. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2019; 10:29-35. [PMID: 30859086 PMCID: PMC6385744 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s186202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Since astaxanthin (ASX) has potent anti-oxidative effects with inhibitory action of lipid peroxidation and singlet oxygen quenching activity, it is widely used as a functional food for keeping good health in human. Obesity is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders. It is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation based on oxidative stress by excessively produced ROS. From the point of preventive medicine, natural compounds have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention of metabolic disorder in companion animals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of ASX supplementation in healthy and obese dogs. Materials and methods Ten healthy beagle dogs and 5 clinically obese dogs were used in this study. The healthy beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows: control and test groups. The test group dogs received ASX supplementation mixed with the food for 6 weeks. Five clinically obese dogs received ASX supplementation for 8 weeks. Metabolites, hormones and enzymes were measured before and after ASX supplementation. Results In the healthy dog groups, after 6 weeks, plasma triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values significantly decreased in the test group. There was no significant difference in the control group. In clinically obese dogs, plasma TG concentration decreased after 8 weeks of ASX supplementation. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and LDH values clearly decreased in all 5 dogs and 4 dogs out of 5 dogs, respectively. Conclusion ASX supplementation (0.3 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks in healthy dogs and 8 weeks in obese dogs induced the elevation of antioxidant function and of liver function by ameliorating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Murai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan,
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan,
| | - Kumi Tominaga
- Research and Development Division, AstaReal Co. Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan,
| | - Motoo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan,
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan,
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98
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Current Models of Fatty Liver Disease; New Insights, Therapeutic Targets and Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:33-58. [PMID: 30919331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation and fibrosis. NAFLD is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, with a global prevalence of 25%, and is soon projected to be the leading cause for liver transplantation in the US. Alarmingly, few effective pharmacotherapeutic approaches are currently available to block or attenuate development and progression of NAFLD. Preclinical models are critical for unraveling the complex and multi-factorial etiology of NAFLD and for testing potential therapeutics. Here we review preclinical models that have been instrumental in highlighting molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and in facilitating early proof-of-concept investigations into novel intervention strategies.
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99
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Grattagliano I, Montezinho LP, Oliveira PJ, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Wieckowski MR, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Targeting mitochondria to oppose the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:34-45. [PMID: 30508523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. NAFLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease in developed countries, and is often associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD definition encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL), to steatohepatitis (NASH), significant liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD, therefore, represents a global public health issue. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in NAFLD, and contributes to the progression to the necro-inflammatory and fibrotic form (NASH). Disrupted mitochondrial function is associated with a decrease in the energy levels and impaired redox balance, and negatively affects cell survival by altering overall metabolism and subcellular trafficking. Such events reduce the tolerance of hepatocytes towards damaging hits, and favour the injurious effects of extra-cellular factors. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in NAFLD and focus on potential therapeutic approaches aimed at preserving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Bari, Italy
| | - Liliana P Montezinho
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal; Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Goorani S, Zhaleh M, Hajialiani M, Moradi R, Koohi MK, Rashidi K, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A. Hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss in high-fat diet-induced fatty liver diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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