51
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de Araújo Esteves Duarte I, Milenkovic D, Borges TK, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Costa AM. Brazilian passion fruit as a new healthy food: from its composition to health properties and mechanisms of action. Food Funct 2021; 12:11106-11120. [PMID: 34651638 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the largest in the world, with about 41 000 species cataloged within two global biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah. Passiflora, known also as passion flowers, is a genus of which 96% of its species are distributed in the Americas, mainly Brazil and Colombia. Passion fruit extracts have a commercial value on a global scale through the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, self-care, and food and beverage industries. Passiflora are widely studied due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and vascular and neuronal protective effects, probably owing to their content of polyphenols. Passiflora setacea DC is a species of wild passion fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado, rich in flavonoid C-glycosides, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and orientin. Intake of these plant food bioactives has been associated with protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDCs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss the varieties of Passiflora, their content in plant food bioactives and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in preventing or reversing CNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tatiana Karla Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina DF 73.310-970, Brazil
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Fraga LN, Coutinho CP, Rozenbaum AC, Tobaruela EDC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Blood pressure and body fat % reduction is mainly related to flavanone phase II conjugates and minor extension by phenolic acid after long-term intake of orange juice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11278-11289. [PMID: 34713884 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin and narirutin are the major flavanones present in orange juice, and they are associated with a reduction in risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, there is heterogeneity in their biological responses, which is partly due to the large interindividual variation in these flavonoids' bioavailability. We investigated the relation between interindividual variability in the excretion of phase II conjugates and gut-derived phenolic acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers response. Seventy-four subjects, both men and women, were included in a single-arm study. Over the 60 days, volunteers consumed 500 mL of orange juice daily. All measurements and blood collections were performed before and after the intervention period. Moreover, 24 h urine collection was performed after first consumption. Individuals were stratified according to the excretion of phase II conjugates and, for the first time, according to phenolic acids in high, medium, and low excretors. Furthermore, for the first time, the ratio between phenolic acids and flavanones-phase II conjugates has shown groups with different metabolization patterns. Groups with a low or intermediate ratio, corresponding to a higher amount of phase II conjugates excreted, showed a significant reduction in body fat % and blood pressure. This finding suggests that these improvements could be associated in a major way to flavanones-phase II conjugates, as well as to phenolic acids and stratification of volunteers according to metabolite excretions could be a good strategy to better understand the effects of orange juice on metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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53
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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54
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Pinna C, Sala A. Citrus flavonoids effects on human umbilical vein. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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55
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Khuanphram N, Taya S, Kongtawelert P, Wongpoomchai R. Sesame Extract Promotes Chemopreventive Effect of Hesperidin on Early Phase of Diethylnitrosamine-Initiated Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101687. [PMID: 34683980 PMCID: PMC8538859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of natural products is an alternative approach to achieving chemopreventive potential. Accordingly, citrus hesperidin exhibits numerous biological activities, including anticarcinogenic activities, while the sesamin in sesame exhibits potent anticancer activities and lipid-lowering effects. We investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of mixed sesame and orange seed extract (MSO) containing hesperidin and sesamin in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats were injected with DEN once a week for 3 weeks to induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats were fed with MSO and various compositions that included sesame extract (SE) and hesperidin. The 10-week administration of MSO more effectively inhibited the number and size of hepatic GST-P-positive foci than hesperidin in DEN-initiated rats. MSO and hesperidin decreased the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes but increased the apoptotic cells in DEN-induced rats. Furthermore, MSO and its constituents suppressed hepatic triglyceride content concurrently along with the expression of fatty acid synthase. Although the 5-week administration of MSO or hesperidin did not alter hepatic, preneoplastic lesion formation in DEN-initiated rats, it alleviated DEN-induced hepatotoxicity. MSO and its applied compositions did not impact upon the cytochrome P450 system. In conclusion, sesame extract promoted the chemopreventive effect of hesperidin on DEN-induced early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The inhibitory mechanisms are likely involved with the induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of cell proliferation and modulation of hepatic lipogenesis. This study may provide revelations in the development of alternative treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napaporn Khuanphram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sirinya Taya
- Functional Food Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935325; Fax: +66-53-894031
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56
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Pharmacological Significance of Hesperidin and Hesperetin, Two Citrus Flavonoids, as Promising Antiviral Compounds for Prophylaxis Against and Combating COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211042540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin and hesperetin are flavonoids that are abundantly present as constituents of citrus fruits. These compounds have attracted attention as several computational methods, mostly docking studies, have shown that hesperidin may bind to multiple regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and proteases). Hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the SARS-CoV-2 “spike” protein responsible for internalization, and also with the “PLpro” and “Mpro” responsible for transforming the early proteins of the virus into the complex responsible for viral replication. This suggests that these flavonoids could act as prophylactic agents by blocking several mechanisms of viral infection and replication, and thus helping the host cell to resist viral attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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57
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Lu X, Zhao C, Shi H, Liao Y, Xu F, Du H, Xiao H, Zheng J. Nutrients and bioactives in citrus fruits: Different citrus varieties, fruit parts, and growth stages. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2018-2041. [PMID: 34609268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are consumed in large quantities worldwide due to their attractive aromas and taste, as well as their high nutritional values and various health-promoting effects, which are due to their abundance of nutrients and bioactives. In addition to water, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers are important nutrients in citrus, providing them with high nutritional values. Citrus fruits are also rich in various bioactives such as flavonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, limonoids, and synephrines, which protect from various ailments, including cancer and inflammatory, digestive, and cardiovascular diseases. The composition and content of nutrients and bioactives differ significantly among citrus varieties, fruit parts, and growth stages. To better understand the nutrient and bioactive profiles of citrus fruits and provide guidance for the utilization of high-value citrus resources, this review systematically summarizes the nutrients and bioactives in citrus fruit, including their contents, structural characteristics, and potential health benefits. We also explore the composition variation in different citrus varieties, fruits parts, and growth stages, as well as their health-promoting effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng Liao
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of science and technology catalyze, Nestlé R&D (China) Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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58
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Katada S, Oishi S, Yanagawa K, Ishii S, Oki M, Matsui Y, Osaki N, Takano K, Hibi M. Concomitant use of tea catechins affects absorption and serum triglyceride-lowering effects of monoglucosyl hesperidin. Food Funct 2021; 12:9339-9346. [PMID: 34606551 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether combined ingestion of green tea catechins (GTC) and monoglucosyl hesperidin (GHES) influences the pharmacokinetic parameters of polyphenols and serum triglycerides (TG). We conducted 2 randomized, controlled trials. Study 1: 8 healthy male subjects participated in a crossover study in which they ingested a test beverage containing GHES (0, 84, 168, or 336 mg GHES) with GTC, or 336 mg GHES without GTC. After ingestion, the pharmacokinetic changes in plasma hesperetin (HEP) and catechins were measured. Study 2: 36 healthy male and female subjects (mean age, 53 ± 2 years; mean BMI, 25.2 ± 0.5 kg m-2) were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which they ingested a test beverage containing 165 mg GHES with 387 mg GTC or a placebo beverage daily for 4 weeks. Fasting serum TG and other lipids and glucose metabolites were analyzed. Study 1 showed that the pharmacokinetics of HEP did not differ significantly between the 336 mg GHES without GTC treatment and the 168 mg GHES with GTC treatment. Study 2 showed that continuous ingestion of 165 mg GHES and 387 mg GTC for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting serum TG levels compared with baseline values (change in TG, -30 ± 13 mg dl-1, P = 0.040) in the intention-to-treat analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GTC affects the oral bioavailability of GHES, and combined ingestion of low doses of GHES with GTC effectively improves fasting TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Katada
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Oishi
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Yanagawa
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Health and Wellness Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Oki
- Seishukai Medical Corporation Seishukai Clinic, 3-18-5 Matsugaya Taito, Tokyo 111-0036, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsui
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Noriko Osaki
- Health and Wellness Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takano
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Medical Corporation Hokubukai Utsukushigaoka Hospital, 61-1, Shinei, Kiyota, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hibi
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
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59
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Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Moragas A, Martín-Luján F, Ortega Y, Giralt M, Rubió L, Canela N, Puiggrós F, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Solà R. Hesperidin in orange juice improves human endothelial function in subjects with elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension: A randomized, controlled trial (Citrus study). J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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60
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Effect of citrus fruit and juice consumption on risk of developing type 2 diabetes: Evidence on polyphenols from epidemiological and intervention studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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61
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Wong ESW, Li RWS, Li J, Li R, Seto SW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Relaxation effect of narirutin on rat mesenteric arteries via nitric oxide release and activation of voltage-gated potassium channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174190. [PMID: 34015322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Narirutin is one of the most common flavanones found in citrus fruits. The vascular effects of its analogues naringenin and naringin have been reported but its effects on the cardiovascular system are largely unknown. In this study, relaxation effect of narirutin and its mechanisms of action were investigated by measuring isometric tension in rat mesenteric arteries. Patch-clamping was also used to study the effect of narirutin on potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, its effects on phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cAMP level and phosphodiesterase activity in rat mesenteric arteries were studied by Western blot and biochemical assays. The results showed that pre-incubation of rat mesenteric arteries with narirutin had no influence on acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation. However, narirutin caused a direct concentration-dependent relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. This relaxation effect was comparable to that of narirutin's structural analogue naringenin. Narirutin-induced relaxation was reduced by the removal of endothelium, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-gated potassium channel blocker). In addition, narirutin increased the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased the voltage-dependent potassium current in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. These effects were abolished by protein kinase A inhibitor. Furthermore, narirutin could increase cAMP level and inhibit phosphodiesterase activity in rat mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, narirutin has vasorelaxing effect and the mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which increases intracellular cAMP, thereby stimulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activating the voltage-gated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sze-Wan Wong
- Applied Science and Environmental Studies, Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel Wai-Sum Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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62
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Pla-Pagà L, Pedret A, Valls RM, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Companys J, Martín-Luján F, Moragas A, Canela N, Puiggròs F, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Solà R, Mayneris-Perxachs J. Effects of Hesperidin Consumption on the Cardiovascular System in Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensive Subjects: Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolomic Approaches (CITRUS Study). Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001175. [PMID: 34272817 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the present work is to determine new biomarkers of the biological effects of hesperidin in orange juice (OJ) applying a non-targeted metabolomics approach validated by targeted metabolomics analyses of compliance biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma/serum and urine targeted (HPLC-MS/MS) and untargeted (1 H-NMR) metabolomics signatures are explored in a subsample with pre- and stage-1 hypertension subjects of the CITRUS study (N = 159). Volunteers received 500 mL day-1 of control drink, OJ, or hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) for 12-weeks. A 6-h postprandrial study is performed at baseline. Targeted analyses reveals plasma and urine hesperetin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide as the only metabolite differing between OJ and EOJ groups after 12-weeks consumption, and in urine is correlated with a decreased systolic blood pressure level. The non-targeted approach shows that after single dose and 12-weeks consumption of OJ and EOJ change several metabolites related with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, lower blood pressure levels and uremic toxins. CONCLUSIONS Hesperetin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide can be a candidate marker for distinguishing between the consumption of different hesperidin doses at 12-weeks consumption as well as a potential agent mediating blood pressure reduction. Moreover, changes in different endogenous metabolites can explain the mechanisms of action and the biological effects of hesperidin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - A Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - R M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - L Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Llauradó
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - F Martín-Luján
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain.,Primary Care Centre Sant Pere, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Moragas
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain.,Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - N Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Science, Reus, Spain
| | - F Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - A Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - J M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - L Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - R Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - J Mayneris-Perxachs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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Shikishima Y, Tsutsumi R, Kawakami A, Miura H, Nii Y, Sakaue H. Sudachi peel extract powder including the polymethoxylated flavone sudachitin improves visceral fat content in individuals at risk for developing diabetes. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4076-4084. [PMID: 34401059 PMCID: PMC8358332 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and animal studies have indicated that extracts from the peel of the Japanese Citrus sudachi, including sudachitin, ameliorate hyperlipidemia and reduce obesity. Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavone, has been reported as having favorable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism but results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming capsules of sudachi peel extract powder on visceral fat in Japanese men and women in a randomized controlled trial. This was a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 41 participants aged 30-65 years with BMI 23-30 kg/m2, randomly allocated to receive either sudachi peel extract powder (sudachitin 4.9 mg/day, n = 21) or placebo (n = 20) of identical appearance. The primary outcome measure was visceral fat mass, assessed during intervention. Thirty-eight of the 41 subjects completed the protocol. Compared with placebo, sudachi peel extract powder significantly reduced the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat, and moderately reduced waist circumference, a metabolic syndrome marker. Glycemic control and lipid profile were not changed significantly in these subjects. Consumption of capsules of sudachi peel extract powder favorably improves the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in individuals at risk for developing diabetes, especially in individuals with large visceral fat area, while not adversely affecting glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Ayuka Kawakami
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food and Biotechnology DivisionTokushima Industrial Technology CenterTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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64
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D'Elia L, Dinu M, Sofi F, Volpe M, Strazzullo P. 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2449-2467. [PMID: 33150530 PMCID: PMC8275541 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs. RESULTS A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: - 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: - 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, - 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose-response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Centre of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5. 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Centre of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5. 80131, Naples, Italy
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65
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Effect of a New Formulation of Nutraceuticals as an Add-On to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072373. [PMID: 34371883 PMCID: PMC8308828 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall biohumoral and metabolic effects of a 12-week add-on therapy consisting of a new nutraceutical formulation (BHC) based on berberine, hesperidin, and chromium picolinate in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients with suboptimal glycemic compensation receiving metformin. After 12 weeks, participants in the group receiving metformin plus BHC, compared to the group receiving metformin only, saw a significant improvement in their glucose profile, in terms of both glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Their FBG dropped from 145 ± 20 mg/dL to 128 ± 23 mg/dL (p < 0.01), a decrease of 11.7% compared with the baseline. This decrease differed significantly from the situation in the control arm (p < 0.05). HbA1c decreased by 7.5% from the baseline, from 53.5 ± 4.3 mmol/mol to 49.5 ± 5.1 mmol/mol (p < 0.01), in the group given BHC, while no difference was seen in the control group. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.01) only in the BHC group, from 9.34 ± 7.61 μg/mL to 6.75 ± 6.13 μg/mL, and from 1.7 ± 0.15 μmol/L to 1.4 ± 0.25 μmol/L, respectively. In patients with T2D taking metformin with suboptimal glycemic compensation, adding BHC for 3 months significantly improved glucose control in terms of FBG and HbA1c, and had a positive effect on the lipid peroxidation profile, as indicated by a decrease in AGEs and MDA.
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66
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Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712608. [PMID: 34249019 PMCID: PMC8264544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides defence to the host against pathogenic organisms. A weak immune system increases susceptibility to infections and allows infections to become more severe. One component of the immune response is inflammation. Where inflammation is excessive or uncontrolled it can damage host tissues and cause pathology. Limitation of oxidative stress is one means of controlling inflammation. Citrus fruit juices are a particularly good source of vitamin C and folate, which both have roles in sustaining the integrity of immunological barriers and in supporting the function of many types of immune cell including phagocytes, natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and reduces aspects of the inflammatory response. Important bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruit juices include hesperidin, narirutin and naringin. Hesperidin is a glycoside of hesperetin while narirutin and naringin are glycosides of naringenin. Hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and narirutin have all been found to have anti-inflammatory effects in model systems, and human trials of hesperidin report reductions in inflammatory markers. In humans, orange juice was shown to limit the post-prandial inflammation induced by a high fat-high carbohydrate meal. Consuming orange juice daily for a period of weeks has been reported to reduce markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, as confirmed through a recent meta-analysis. A newly emerging topic is whether polyphenols from orange juice have direct anti-viral effects. In summary, micronutrients and other bioactives present in citrus fruit juices have established roles in controlling oxidative stress and inflammation and in supporting innate and acquired immune responses. Trials in humans demonstrate that orange juice reduces inflammation; its effects on innate and acquired immunity require further exploration in well-designed trials in appropriate population sub-groups such as older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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67
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Oliveira G, Volino-Souza M, Conte-Júnior CA, Alvares TS. Food-derived polyphenol compounds and cardiovascular health: A nano-technological perspective. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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68
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Motallaei M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Shams-Rad S, Jahanlou AS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Effects of orange juice intake on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5427-5439. [PMID: 34060162 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations exploring the effects of orange juice (OJ) as a nutrient-dense beverage on cardiovascular risk factors were inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of OJ intake on major cardiometabolic markers including anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, inflammation, and glycemic control markers. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2021. Fifteen eligible trials with 639 participants were included in the present study. The meta-analysis showed that OJ intake significantly reduces circulating total cholesterol levels (10 trials; weighted mean difference [WMD] = -6.84 mg/dl; 95% CI: -12.38 to -1.29; p = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (four trials; WMD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.006; p = .04) compared to control group. The analyses failed to reveal a significant effect of OJ intake on other cardiometabolic risk factors (p > .05). This review suggests that the intake of OJ might be associated with improved serum total cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Due to low-to-moderate quality of meta-evidence, our results must be interpreted with caution and more well-designed studies are still needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Motallaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shamim Shams-Rad
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahab Jahanlou
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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69
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Ruxton CHS, Myers M. Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061815. [PMID: 34071760 PMCID: PMC8228760 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines often deal with 100% fruit juice (FJ) inconsistently because it represents a source of free sugars. However, FJ also provides bioavailable micronutrients and plant bioactives at levels similar to those found in whole fruits. The present review weighs up the evidence from high-quality studies investigating a potential health harm for FJ against evidence from studies which indicate a potential health benefit. The findings reveal that FJ consumption, at moderate intakes consistent with the dietary guidelines for the US and some European countries (75-224 mL daily), does not increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or poor glycaemic control. In contrast, regular consumption of FJ-even up to 500 mL per day in short-to-medium-term studies-appears to confer a health benefit in terms of vascular function and reduced blood pressure. Emerging evidence for cognitive health benefits requires further investigation in human trials. Observational studies report associations between FJ and nutrient adequacy and suggest that FJ consumption is associated with reduced risk of stroke. In conclusion, FJ appears to offer more benefit than risk and there appears to be no justification for discouraging FJ within a balanced diet for children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie H. S. Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, East Road, Cupar KY15 4HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7973-337757
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70
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Tadros FJ, Andrade JM. Impact of hesperidin in 100% orange juice on chronic disease biomarkers: A narrative systematic review and gap analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8335-8354. [PMID: 34014143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1927976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin in orange juice may affect chronic disease biomarkers. This narrative systematic review aimed to determine appropriate recommendations toward the dose and frequency of hesperidin consumption from 100% orange juice and conduct a gap analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis was conducted to identify articles through September 2020, utilizing four databases: Pub-Med Central, Agricola, Embase, and MEDLINE. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that overall effect sizes from the studies were considerably weak. Although higher frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin in 100% orange juice had an impact on global cognitive function, cardiac, insulin, inflammatory, antioxidant/phenolic, and oxidative stress outcomes compared to lower frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin. A gap analysis demonstrated there was a variability in dose and frequency of OJ and hesperidin, diet, genetics, and evaluation measures, which made the role of hesperidin in 100% OJ on chronic diseases unclear. This review revealed a trend toward improving chronic disease biomarkers following consumption of hesperidin in 100% orange juice. Steps can be taken in future research to improve the consistency of clinical study designs, methodology and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Tadros
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeanette Mary Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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71
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Testai L, De Leo M, Flori L, Polini B, Braca A, Nieri P, Pistelli L, Calderone V. Contribution of irisin pathway in protective effects of mandarin juice (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on metabolic syndrome in rats fed with high fat diet. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4324-4333. [PMID: 33942395 PMCID: PMC8453895 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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72
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Tomás-Navarro M, Navarro JL, Vallejo F, Tomás-Barberán FA. Novel Urinary Biomarkers of Orange Juice Consumption, Interindividual Variability, and Differences with Processing Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4006-4017. [PMID: 33724826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics identified urinary biomarkers able to discriminate between the intake of fresh hand-squeezed and industrially processed orange juices. Processing led to an upregulation in the excretion of hydroxy-polymethoxyflavone sulfates, abscisic acid, and sinapic acid 4'-glucuronide. The demethylated polymethoxyflavone metabolites were produced with a significant interindividual variability suggesting that they could originate from gut microbiota metabolism. No correlation between the excretion levels of flavanone and polymethoxyflavone metabolites was observed, showing that gut microbiota metabolism differences could be behind the interindividual variability. Subjects with a high excretion level of hesperetin conjugates could be low or high polymethoxyflavone excretors. Flavanone phase II metabolites were primarily glucuronides, while those of demethylated polymethoxyflavones were mainly sulfates. A comparative study with the available demethylated polymethoxyflavone standards suggested that the metabolites produced in humans could be tentatively 4'-hydroxy- and/or 3'-hydroxy-polymethoxyflavone sulfates. This study is the first to describe the bioavailability and metabolism of citrus juice polymethoxyflavones in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tomás-Navarro
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Vallejo
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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73
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Li Q, Li T, Baldwin EA, Manthey JA, Plotto A, Zhang Q, Gao W, Bai J, Shan Y. Extraction Method Affects Contents of Flavonoids and Carotenoids in Huanglongbing-Affected "Valencia" Orange Juice. Foods 2021; 10:783. [PMID: 33917278 PMCID: PMC8067400 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study using healthy "Valencia" orange fruit found that juicing extraction methods dramatically changed the orange juice (OJ) flavor and phytochemical profiles. The present study was conducted to confirm whether the same changes occur when Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected oranges were used. HLB has extensively spread to most OJ processing regions around the world, substantially deteriorating fruit and juice flavor quality and altering the phytochemical profiles. In this study, the effect of two major juice extractor types, a shear force extractor (SFE) and a reamer extractor (RE), on the juice quality and physiochemical profile was assessed using HLB-affected orange fruit. Juice extracted via SFE resulted in a lower yield with lower peel oil and higher pellet (peel tissue particles) content compared to juice obtained via RE. The SFE juice also had higher levels of hesperidin and other flavonoid glycosides, mainly due to plentiful peel tissue particles. The SFE juice was also abundant in carotenoids due to a large amount of flavedo particles in the juice. On the other hand, polymethoxylated flavones occurred at higher concentrations in the RE juice, and this may be due to the higher peel oil content in this juice. The SFE juice was rich in flavonoid glycosides and carotenoids, which are associated with potential antioxidant properties; however, the extra portion of the phytonutrients mostly existed in the pellets and possibly had low bioavailability. The results obtained from the HLB-affected oranges are in agreement with the previous observations of healthy oranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Li
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.L.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Hunan Province Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tao Li
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.L.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Hunan Province Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Elizabeth A. Baldwin
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (E.A.B.); (J.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - John A. Manthey
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (E.A.B.); (J.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Anne Plotto
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (E.A.B.); (J.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.L.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Hunan Province Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Inspection and Testing Center of Quality and Measurement, Yueyang 414000, China;
| | - Jinhe Bai
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (E.A.B.); (J.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Yang Shan
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.L.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Hunan Province Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
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74
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Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. New Insights into the Metabolism of the Flavanones Eriocitrin and Hesperidin: A Comparative Human Pharmacokinetic Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:435. [PMID: 33799874 PMCID: PMC8000041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of hesperidin-rich sources, mostly found in orange juice, can decrease cardiometabolic risk, potentially linked to the gut microbial phase-II hesperetin derivatives. However, the low hesperidin solubility hampers its bioavailability and microbial metabolism, yielding a high inter-individual variability (high vs. low-producers) that prevents consistent health-related evidence. Contrarily, the human metabolism of (lemon) eriocitrin is hardly known. We hypothesize that the higher solubility of (lemon) eriocitrin vs. (orange) hesperidin might yield more bioavailable metabolites than hesperidin. A randomized-crossover human pharmacokinetic study (n = 16) compared the bioavailability and metabolism of flavanones from lemon and orange extracts and postprandial changes in oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic markers after a high-fat-high-sugars meal. A total of 17 phase-II flavanone-derived metabolites were identified. No significant biomarker changes were observed. Plasma and urinary concentrations of all metabolites, including hesperetin metabolites, were higher after lemon extract intake. Total plasma metabolites showed significantly mean lower Tmax (6.0 ± 0.4 vs. 8.0 ± 0.5 h) and higher Cmax and AUC values after lemon extract intake. We provide new insights on hesperetin-eriodictyol interconversion and naringenin formation from hesperidin in humans. Our results suggest that regular consumption of a soluble and eco-friendly eriocitrin-rich lemon extract could provide a circulating concentration metabolites threshold to exert health benefits, even in the so-called low-producers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, Campus de Espinardo, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.Á.Á.-G.); (J.A.G.-B.); (A.G.-S.)
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75
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Price CA, Medici V, Nunez MV, Lee V, Sigala DM, Benyam Y, Keim NL, Mason AE, Chen SY, Parenti M, Slupsky C, Epel ES, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. A Pilot Study Comparing the Effects of Consuming 100% Orange Juice or Sucrose-Sweetened Beverage on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:760. [PMID: 33652807 PMCID: PMC7996959 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, in part due to hepatic fructose overload. However, it is not clear whether consumption of beverages containing fructose as naturally occurring sugar produces equivalent metabolic dysregulation as beverages containing added sugars. We compared the effects of consuming naturally-sweetened orange juice (OJ) or sucrose-sweetened beverages (sucrose-SB) for two weeks on risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Healthy, overweight women (n = 20) were assigned to consume either 3 servings of 100% orange juice or sucrose-SB/day. We conducted 16-hour serial blood collections and 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests during a 30-h inpatient visit at baseline and after the 2-week diet intervention. The 16-h area under the curve (AUC) for uric acid increased in subjects consuming sucrose-SB compared with subjects consuming OJ. Unlike sucrose-SB, OJ did not significantly increase fasting or postprandial lipoproteins. Consumption of both beverages resulted in reductions in the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (OJ: -0.40 ± 0.18, p = 0.04 within group; sucrose-SB: -1.0 ± 0.38, p = 0.006 within group; p = 0.53 between groups). Findings from this pilot study suggest that consumption of OJ at levels above the current dietary guidelines for sugar intake does not increase plasma uric acid concentrations compared with sucrose-SB, but appears to lead to comparable decreases of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Allister Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (V.M.), University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Marinelle V. Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94155, USA;
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
- Basic Sciences, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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76
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Pontifex MG, Malik MMAH, Connell E, Müller M, Vauzour D. Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640648. [PMID: 33679318 PMCID: PMC7933480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of citrus flavonoids and have highlighted both the well-established (anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties), and newly emerging (influence upon blood-brain barrier function/integrity) mechanistic actions by which these neurological effects are mediated. Encouragingly, results from human studies, although limited in number, appear to support this preclinical basis, with improvements in cognitive performance and disease risk observed across healthy and disease states. Therefore, citrus fruits - both as whole fruit and 100% juices - should be encouraged within the diet for their potential neurological benefit. In addition, there should be further exploration of citrus polyphenols to establish therapeutic efficacy, particularly in the context of well-designed human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M A H Malik
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Connell
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Nishioka A, Tobaruela EDC, Fraga LN, Tomás-Barberán FA, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Stratification of Volunteers According to Flavanone Metabolite Excretion and Phase II Metabolism Profile after Single Doses of 'Pera' Orange and 'Moro' Blood Orange Juices. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020473. [PMID: 33573276 PMCID: PMC7910827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large interindividual variations in the biological response to citrus flavanones have been observed, and this could be associated with high variations in their bioavailability. The aim of this study was to identify the main determinants underlying interindividual differences in citrus flavanone metabolism and excretion. In a randomized cross-over study, non-obese and obese volunteers, aged 19-40 years, ingested single doses of Pera and Moro orange juices, and urine was collected for 24 h. A large difference in the recovery of the urinary flavanone phase II metabolites was observed, with hesperetin-sulfate and hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide being the major metabolites. Subjects were stratified according to their total excretion of flavanone metabolites as high, medium, and low excretors, but the expected correlation with the microbiome was not observed at the genus level. A second stratification was proposed according to phase II flavanone metabolism, whereby participants were divided into two excretion groups: Profiles A and B. Profile B individuals showed greater biotransformation of hesperetin-sulfate to hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide, as well as transformation of flavanone-monoglucuronide to the respective diglucuronides, suggestive of an influence of polymorphisms on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. In conclusion, this study proposes a new stratification of volunteers based on their metabolic profiles. Gut microbiota composition and polymorphisms of phase II enzymes may be related to the interindividual variability of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nishioka
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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78
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Benton D, Young HA. Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake. Nutr Rev 2021; 77:829-843. [PMID: 31504822 PMCID: PMC6786897 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong evidence that consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced rate of all-cause mortality, only a minority of the population consumes 5 servings a day, and campaigns to increase intake have had limited success. This review examines whether encouraging the consumption of fruit juice might offer a step toward the 5-a-day target. Reasons given for not consuming whole fruit involve practicalities, inconvenience, and the effort required. Psychologically, what is important is not only basic information about health, but how individuals interpret their ability to implement that information. It has been argued that fruit juice avoids the problems that commonly prevent fruit consumption and thus provides a practical means of increasing intake and benefitting health through an approach with which the population can readily engage. Those arguing against consuming fruit juice emphasize that it is a source of sugar lacking fiber, yet juice provides nutrients such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols that offer health-related benefits. Actively encouraging the daily consumption of fruit juice in public health policy could help populations achieve the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley A Young
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom
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79
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Salehi B, Cruz-Martins N, Butnariu M, Sarac I, Bagiu IC, Ezzat SM, Wang J, Koay A, Sheridan H, Adetunji CO, Semwal P, Schoebitz M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J. Hesperetin's health potential: moving from preclinical to clinical evidence and bioavailability issues, to upcoming strategies to overcome current limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4449-4464. [PMID: 33491467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are common in the plant kingdom and many of them have shown a wide spectrum of bioactive properties. Hesperetin (Hst), the aglycone form of hesperidin, is a great example, and is the most abundant flavonoid found in Citrus plants. This review aims to provide an overview on the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies reporting the Hst pharmacological effects and to discuss the bioavailability-related issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, carbohydrate dysregulation, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical studies have supported the Hst promissory effects as cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other Hst effects observed in preclinical trials, as well as to a more in-depth understanding of its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia-Cristina Bagiu
- Timisoara, Discipline of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Jinfan Wang
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aaron Koay
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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80
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Beverages Based on Second Quality Citrus Fruits and Maqui Berry, a Source of Bioactive (Poly)phenols: Sorting Out Urine Metabolites upon a Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020312. [PMID: 33499139 PMCID: PMC7910882 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with an augmented prevalence of metabolic diseases, namely, obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, nowadays, it is broadly accepted that foods and beverages rich in (poly)phenols could contribute to reducing the incidence of these pathologies. In this sense, the objective of the work was to revalue second quality citrus fruits for the development of new beverages, rich in anthocyanins and flavanones (maqui berry and second qualities citrus-based), and evaluate the influence of alternative sweeteners (sucralose, sucrose, or stevia), regarding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds in the frame of a chronic (longitudinal) intervention. To fulfill this objective, a longitudinal study of the urinary excretion of anthocyanins and flavanones, after 2-months of ingestion of the developed maqui-citrus beverage, by 138 volunteers (n = 46 per beverage) and the analysis of the resulting phenolic metabolites by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS) was carried out. As major results, the bioavailable metabolites of caffeic acid (CA), catechol (CAT), 3,4-di-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), eriodictyol (E), homoeriodictyol (HE), hippuric acid (HA), naringenin (N), trans-ferulic acid (TFA), 2,4,6-tri-hydroxybenzaldehyde (THBA), trans-isoferulic acid (TIFA), and vanillic acid (VA) were detected. Accordingly, significantly different bioavailability was dependent on the sweetener used, allowing proposing stevia and, to a lower extent, sucralose, as valuable alternatives to sucrose.
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81
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Di Lorenzo C, Colombo F, Biella S, Stockley C, Restani P. Polyphenols and Human Health: The Role of Bioavailability. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010273. [PMID: 33477894 PMCID: PMC7833401 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting effects. They are classified as flavonoid (flavonols, flavanols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) and non-flavonoid molecules (phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and tannins). Although an increasing number of trials have shown a correlation among polyphenol consumption and a reduction in risk factors for chronic diseases, discrepancies in explaining their positive effects have been found in terms of the bioavailability. In fact, polyphenols show a low bioavailability due to several factors: interaction with the food matrix, the metabolic processes mediated by the liver (phase I and II metabolism), intestine and microbiota. On the other hand, the biological activities of phenol compounds may be mediated by their metabolites, which are produced in vivo, and recent studies have confirmed that these molecules may have antioxidant and anti-phlogistic properties. This review discusses the studies performed in vivo, which consider the polyphenol bioavailability and their different food sources. Factors influencing the biological effects of the main classes of polyphenols are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.L.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8371 (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Simone Biella
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Creina Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI), Glen Osmond 5064, Australia;
| | - Patrizia Restani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.L.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8371 (P.R.)
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82
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Karim N, Shishir MRI, Gowd V, Chen W. Hesperidin-An Emerging Bioactive Compound against Metabolic Diseases and Its Potential Biosynthesis Pathway in Microorganism. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1858312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vemana Gowd
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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83
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Wang Y, Liu XJ, Chen JB, Cao JP, Li X, Sun CD. Citrus flavonoids and their antioxidant evaluation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3833-3854. [PMID: 33435726 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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84
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Yari Z, Naser-Nakhaee Z, Karimi‐Shahrbabak E, Cheraghpour M, Hedayati M, Mohaghegh SM, Ommi S, Hekmatdoost A. Combination therapy of flaxseed and hesperidin enhances the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in cardiovascular risk control in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:3. [PMID: 33402222 PMCID: PMC7786892 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities, and its association with non-communicable chronic diseases, providing preventive and therapeutic strategies is a priority. A randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of combination therapy of milled brown flaxseed and hesperidin during lifestyle intervention on controlling cardiovascular risk in prediabetes. METHODS A total of forty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive lifestyle intervention plus combination therapy of brown flaxseed (30 g milled) and hesperidin (two 500 mg capsules) or lifestyle modification alone for 12 weeks. Changes from baseline in anthropometric measures, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers was assessed as a primary end point. RESULTS Anthropometric data comparison between the two groups showed a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.048). Waist circumference reduction was about twice that of the control group (- 6.75 cm vs - 3.57 cm), but this difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of blood pressure changes throughout the study indicated a greater reduction in blood pressure in the intervention group rather than control group (- 5.66 vs. - 1.56 mmHg, P = 0.049). Improvements of lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers in flaxseed-hesperidin group was significantly more than the control group after 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin as an adjunct to lifestyle modification program is more effective than lifestyle modification alone in the metabolic abnormalities remission of prediabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03737422. Registered 11 November 2018. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03737422&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naser-Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marjan Mohaghegh
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ommi
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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85
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Nano-graphene-platelet/Brilliant-green composite coated carbon paste electrode interface for electrocatalytic oxidation of flavanone Hesperidin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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86
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Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, Fatahi S, Shidfar F, Alomar O, Salem H, Al-Badawi IA, Abu-Zaid A. Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3389-3402. [PMID: 33350317 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of premature death and disability globally. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve and prevent the adverse cardiovascular events, including nutritional approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the evidence on orange juice consumption on CVD risk factors. Four databases were searched up to September 2020. Ten randomized controlled trials were included in the final analysis. Pooled results demonstrated a significant effect of orange juice on glucose (WMD: -2.92 mg/dl, 95% CI: -5.327, -0.530, p = 0.017), insulin (WMD: -1.229 μU/ml, 95% CI: -2.083, -0.374, p = 0.005), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.464, 95% CI: -0.747, -0.181, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.84 mg/dl, 95% CI: -15.43, -4.24, p = 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: -9.14 mg/dl, 95% CI: -15.79, -2.49, p = 0.007), and CRP (WMD: -0.467 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.815, -0.120, p = 0.008) compared to control group. However, the effect of orange juice on body composition factors and other CVD risk factors was not significant compared to control group. These lowering effects of glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were robust in subgroups with orange juice consumption ≥500 ml/day. This meta-analysis suggests that orange juice may be beneficial in improving several CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Alhabeeb
- Clinical Research, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Osama Alomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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87
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Khouloud A, Ben Anes A, Souissi N. Does red orange juice supplementation has a protective effect on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 under polluted air? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:630-642. [PMID: 31081360 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1614155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of red orange juice supplementation (ROJS) on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers of athletes following exercise under polluted air. Eleven soccer players performed a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 in polluted area (PA) and non-polluted area (NPA). Participants are invited to drink 500 ml of red orange or placebo (PLA) juice 2.5 h before the test. Blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min after each session to assess creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status. Our results showed that, VO2max, heart rate and systolic blood pressure post-exercise were significantly altered by pollution with both supplements, but the damage was lowered more with ROJS than PLA. Concerning muscle damage and oxidative stress markers, orange juice supplementation blunted the effect of pollution on CK levels post-exercise (p > 0.05) and decreases significantly (p < 0.05) the MDA levels post-exercise in PA and NPA compared to PLA supplementation. In conclusion, ROJS seemed to be an appropriate strategy to reduce the risk of exposure to pollution especially on muscle damage and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Boussetta
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Manouba , Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Physiology and functional explorations, Sousse Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aloui Khouloud
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage , Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Anes
- Research Unit UR12ES06, Physiology of Exercise and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular "Biology, Medicine and Health", Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Manouba , Manouba, Tunisia
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88
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Pereira-Caro G, Clifford MN, Polyviou T, Ludwig IA, Alfheeaid H, Moreno-Rojas JM, Garcia AL, Malkova D, Crozier A. Plasma pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites after ingestion of orange juice by endurance trained men. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:784-795. [PMID: 32927016 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of orange juice (OJ) consumption are attributed in part to the circulating flavanone phase II metabolites and their microbial-derived ring fission phenolic catabolites. The present study investigated these compounds in the bloodstream after acute intake of 500 mL of OJ. Plasma samples obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24 h after OJ intake were analysed by HPLC-HR-MS. Eleven flavanone metabolites and 36 phenolic catabolites were identified and quantified in plasma. The main metabolites were hesperetin-3'-sulfate with a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 80 nmol/L, followed by hesperetin-7-glucuronide (Cmax 24 nmol/L), hesperetin-3'-glucuronide (Cmax 18 nmol/L) and naringenin-7-glucuronide (Cmax 21 nmol/L). Among the main phenolic catabolites to increase in plasma after OJ consumption were 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate (Cmax 19 nmol/L), 3-hydroxy-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 20 nmol/L), 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 19 nmol/L), 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 25 nmol/L), and 3-(phenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 19 nmol/L), as well as substantial amounts of phenylacetic and hippuric acids. The comprehensive plasma pharmacokinetic profiles that were obtained are of value to the design of future ex vivo cell studies, aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying the potential health benefits of OJ consumption. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02627547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training, IFAPA, Alameda Del Obispo, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Thelma Polyviou
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Center for Applied Medicinal Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hani Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training, IFAPA, Alameda Del Obispo, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Dalia Malkova
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; United Kingdom and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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89
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Zibaee E, Kamalian S, Tajvar M, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Moghadam AT, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:44-97. [PMID: 31775593 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191127115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Citrus species from family Rutaceae has worldwide applications such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems. Phytochemical investigations have shown that these plants have constituents including flavonoids, limonoids and carotenoids. There are many reports on a wide range of activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. In the current review, we discuss information regarding botany, phytochemistry, ethnobotany uses, traditional knowledge and pharmacological aspects of the Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safa Kamalian
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Tajvar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ramezani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali T Moghadam
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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90
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Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar K, Zengin G, Khan F, Kumar A, Kaur R, Venkatachalam T, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Barsan G, Mosteanu DE. Pleotropic Effects of Polyphenols in Cardiovascular System. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110714. [PMID: 34321158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of naturally occurring, polyphenol supplementations, on cardiovascular system. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders (involving heart and blood vessels), and overview of preclinical and clinical trials on polyphenols for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The review collaborates PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research gate databases, which were explored using keywords and their combinations such as polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, flavonoids, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and several others, to create an eclectic manuscript. The potency and efficacy of these polyphenols are mainly depending upon the amount of consumption and bioavailability. Recent data showed that polyphenols also exert beneficial actions on vascular system by blocking platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, improving antioxidant defenses and alleviating inflammatory responses. Several studies evidently support the cardioprotective actions mediated by polyphenols, however, some studies or long-term follow-up of human studies, did not demonstrate decisive outcomes because of variations in dose regimen and lack of appropriate controls. Therefore, more data is required to explore the therapeutic benefits of bioactive compounds as a preventive therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania.
| | - Keshav Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Ghita Barsan
- "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Force Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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91
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Berger E, Colosetti P, Jalabert A, Meugnier E, Wiklander OP, Jouhet J, Errazurig-Cerda E, Chanon S, Gupta D, Rautureau GJ, Geloen A, El-Andaloussi S, Panthu B, Rieusset J, Rome S. Use of Nanovesicles from Orange Juice to Reverse Diet-Induced Gut Modifications in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 18:880-892. [PMID: 32953937 PMCID: PMC7481887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have determined whether orange juice-derived nanovesicles (ONVs) could be used for the treatment of obesity-associated intestinal complications. ONVs were characterized by lipidomic, metabolomic, electron microscopy. In vitro, intestinal barriers (IBs = Caco-2+HT-29-MTX) were treated with ONVs and co-cultured with adipocytes to monitor IB fat release. In vivo, obesity was induced with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD mice) for 12 weeks. Then, half of HFHSD mice were gavaged with ONVs. One-month ONV treatment did not modify HFHSD-induced insulin resistance but reversed diet-induced gut modifications. In the jejunum, ONVs increased villi size, reduced triglyceride content, and modulated mRNA levels of genes involved in immune response (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β), barrier permeability (CLDN1, OCLN, ZO1), fat absorption, and chylomicron release. ONVs targeted microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL4), two therapeutic targets to reduce plasma lipids and inflammation in gastrointestinal diseases. Interestingly, ONV treatment did not aggravate liver steatosis, as MTP mRNA was increased in the liver. Therefore, ONVs protected both intestine and the liver from fat overload associated with the HFHSD. As ONVs concentrated amino acids and bioactive lipids versus orange juice, which are deficient in obese patients, the use of ONVs as a dietary supplement could bring physiological relevant compounds in the jejunum to accelerate the restoration of intestinal functions during weight loss in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Berger
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Pascal Colosetti
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Audrey Jalabert
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Oscar P.B. Wiklander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale (LPCV), CNRS (UMR5168)/Université Grenoble Alpes/INRAe (UMR1417)/CEA Grenoble, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gilles J.P. Rautureau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN), FRE 2034, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geloen
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
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92
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Moser SE, Shin JE, Kasturi P, Hamaker BR, Ferruzzi MG, Bordenave N. Formulation of Orange Juice with Dietary Fibers Enhances Bioaccessibility of Orange Flavonoids in Juice but Limits Their Ability to Inhibit In Vitro Glucose Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9387-9397. [PMID: 32786825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of formulating orange juice (OJ) with dietary fibers (DFs) on in vitro bioaccessibility of flavonoids and their ability to inhibit glucose transport in Caco-2 cells were investigated on Valencia orange fruit (OF), OJ, and OJ formulated with 1 and 2.8% DFs. DFs were either orange pomace (P) or commercial pulverized citrus pulp fiber (CF). Juice extraction and formulation with CF led to minimal loss of flavonoids compared to formulation with P (474 μmol/100 g for OF vs 315-368 μmol/100 g for OJ and OJ with CF, and 266-280 μmol/100 g for OJ with P). Addition of DFs led to similar or improved flavonoid bioaccessibility compared to OJ (9.5% in OJ vs 7.9-33.4% with DFs) but higher glucose transport in Caco-2 cells (0.45 μmol/min in OJ alone vs 0.64-0.94 μmol/min with DFs). This paradoxical effect was attributed to potential complexation of flavonoids and DFs, preventing flavonoids from interfering with glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Moser
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
- PepsiCo R&D, Purchase, New York 10577, United States
| | - Jin-E Shin
- PepsiCo R&D, Barrington, Illinois 60010, United States
| | | | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, United States
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Nicolas Bordenave
- PepsiCo R&D, Barrington, Illinois 60010, United States
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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93
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Li L, Lyall GK, Martinez-Blazquez JA, Vallejo F, A Tomas-Barberan F, Birch KM, Boesch C. Blood Orange Juice Consumption Increases Flow-Mediated Dilation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2020; 150:2287-2294. [PMID: 32510144 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse association between citrus fruit consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There is, however, a paucity of data concerning effects of blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk biomarkers. OBJECTIVES We examined short-term effects of BOJ on endothelial function, blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in healthy participants of European origin who were overweight or obese. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial, 15 men and women (age: 28.7 ± 6.5 y; BMI: 28.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2) consumed BOJ or a sugar-matched control drink (CD) (200 mL twice daily) for 2 wk with a washout period of 1 wk. Endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (primary outcome), and the secondary outcomes blood pressure, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, markers of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and urinary flavanone metabolites were evaluated prior to and at the end of each treatment period following an overnight fast. Changes between treatments over time were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS The results demonstrate a significant increase in FMD following BOJ consumption (pre: 8.15% ± 2.92%; post: 10.2% ± 3.31%; P = 0.002) compared with CD (pre: 8.11% ± 2.52%; post: 7.77% ± 2.43%; time × treatment interaction: P = 0.001). Concurrent significant increases in urinary hesperetin-3'-glucuronide and hesperetin-7-glucuronide were observed following BOJ supplementation only (time × treatment interaction: P ≤ 0.01). Baseline blood pressure, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and endothelin-1 were generally within healthy ranges and unaffected by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS A 2-wk consumption of BOJ exerted favorable effects on endothelial function in healthy women and men who were overweight or obese, which is likely mediated by the combined actions of anthocyanin and flavanone metabolites on mechanisms that contribute to enhancing NO bioavailability. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03611114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma K Lyall
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J Alberto Martinez-Blazquez
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centre for Soil Science and Applied Biology-Spanish Council for Scientific Resarch (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Vallejo
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centre for Soil Science and Applied Biology-Spanish Council for Scientific Resarch (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centre for Soil Science and Applied Biology-Spanish Council for Scientific Resarch (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Karen M Birch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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94
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Ho KKHY, Ferruzzi MG, Wightman JD. Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:145-174. [PMID: 31532485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources of chlorogenic acid and flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, and flavanone intake, making them complementary sources of dietary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of fruit (poly)phenols and their potential health benefits. Fruit (poly)phenols have been associated with several health benefits (eg, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on 100% fruit juice consumption are controversial due to the perception of sugar content, growing evidence supports the role of fruit in whole and 100% juice forms to provide consumer benefits in alignment with dietary guidance. However, differences in (poly)phenol profiles and bioavailability likely exist between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice due to processing and the presence/absence of fiber. Ongoing studies are better defining similarities and differences between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice to elucidate protective mechanisms and align with processing and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K H Y Ho
- Kacie K.H.Y. Ho is with the Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Mario G. Ferruzzi is with the Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoLynne D Wightman
- JoLynne D. Wightman is with Welch Foods Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
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95
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Bellavite P, Donzelli A. Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E742. [PMID: 32823497 PMCID: PMC7465267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many approaches to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, the possible role of nutrition has so far been rather underestimated. Foods are very rich in substances, with a potential beneficial effect on health, and some of these could have an antiviral action or be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of citrus fruits, and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin and flavonoid content. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The binding energy of hesperidin to these important components is lower than that of lopinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir, suggesting that it could perform an effective antiviral action. Furthermore, both hesperidin and ascorbic acid counteract the cell damaging effects of the oxygen free radicals triggered by virus infection and inflammation. There is discussion about the preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at the dose achievable by the diet, but recent reviews suggest that this substance can be useful in the case of strong immune system burden caused by viral disease. Computational methods and laboratory studies support the need to undertake apposite preclinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies on the potential benefits of citrus fruit components for the prevention of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Donzelli
- Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Miler M, Živanović J, Ajdžanović V, Milenkovic D, Jarić I, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Citrus Flavanones Upregulate Thyrotroph Sirt1 and Differently Affect Thyroid Nrf2 Expressions in Old-Aged Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8242-8254. [PMID: 32657124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing population of elderly people consume citrus flavanones, naringenin, and hesperetin in the form of fruits or juices. Flavanones are bioactives with potent antioxidant properties and have potential in slowing down the aging process. Because flavanones exert controversial effects on pituitary-thyroid functioning, our study on the old-aged rat model aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which naringenin and hesperetin affect this axis. Naringenin and hesperetin increased the Sirt1 mRNA level by 91 and 71% (p < 0.05), which was followed by increased Sirt1 expression by 20 and 15% (p < 0.05), respectively. Only naringenin decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone expression by 20% (p < 0.05). Thyroid peroxidase protein expression was upregulated after naringenin or hesperetin by 62 and 43% (p < 0.05), respectively. Naringenin lowered mRNA levels of Tpo, Sod1, Sod2, Cat, and Nrf2 by 50, 32, 45, 35, and 42% (p < 0.05), respectively, and increased Gpx by 54% (p < 0.05), while hesperetin decreased Sod1 and Sod2 mRNA levels by 46 and 55% (p < 0.05), respectively. Naringenin increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and SOD2 by 58 and 50% (p < 0.05), respectively, and decreased SOD1 expression by 48% (p < 0.05), while hesperetin protein decreased expressions of SOD1 and Nrf2 by 63 and 32% (p < 0.05), respectively. Altogether, our findings suggest that citrus flavanones contribute to restoring the impaired thyroid functioning in the old-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, California, United States
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
- Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
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97
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Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Moragas A, Martín-Luján F, Ortega Y, Giralt M, Romeu M, Rubió L, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Canela N, Puiggrós F, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Solà R. Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study). Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1277-1288. [PMID: 32661681 PMCID: PMC7987641 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the sustained and acute effects, as well as the influence of sustained consumption on the acute effects, of orange juice (OJ) with a natural hesperidin content and hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) on blood (BP) and pulse (PP) pressures in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. Methods In a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants (n = 159) received 500 mL/day of control drink, OJ, or EOJ for 12 weeks. Two dose–response studies were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results A single EOJ dose (500 mL) reduced systolic BP (SBP) and PP, with greater changes after sustained treatment where a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) also occurred (P < 0.05). SBP and PP decreased in a dose-dependent manner relative to the hesperidin content of the beverages throughout the 12 weeks (P < 0.05). OJ and EOJ decreased homocysteine levels at 12 weeks versus the control drink (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of EOJ consumption, four genes related to hypertension (PTX3, NLRP3, NPSR1 and NAMPT) were differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hesperidin in OJ reduces SBP and PP after sustained consumption, and after a single dose, the chronic consumption of EOJ enhances its postprandial effect. Decreases in systemic and transcriptomic biomarkers were concomitant with BP and PP changes. EOJ could be a useful co-adjuvant tool for BP and PP management in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain.
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain.
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Judit Companys
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Moragas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre El Morell, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ortega
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Salou, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Av/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggrós
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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98
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Wang Y, Gallegos JL, Haskell-Ramsay C, Lodge JK. Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, citrus and cherries) on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:615-639. [PMID: 32535781 PMCID: PMC7900084 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This review aims to compare the magnitude of the effects of chronic consumption of fruits; specifically berries, citrus and cherries on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and psycARTICLES were searched from inception until January 2020. Forty-five chronic (≥ 1 week) randomised controlled trials assessing CVD risk factors including endothelial (dys)function, blood pressure (BP), blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers were included. Results Investigated interventions reported improvements in endothelial function (n = 8), inflammatory biomarkers and lipid status (n = 14), and BP (n = 10). Berries including juice of barberry, cranberry, grape, pomegranate, powder of blueberry, grape, raspberry and freeze-dried strawberry significantly reduced SBP by 3.68 mmHg (95% CI − 6.79 to − 0.58; P = 0.02) and DBP by 1.52 mmHg (95% CI − 2.87 to − 0.18, P = 0.04). In subgroup analysis, these associations were limited to cranberry juice (SBP by 1.52 mmHg [95% CI − 2.97 to − 0.07; P = 0.05], DBP by 1.78 mmHg [95% CI − 3.43 to − 0.12, P = 0.04] and cherry juice (SBP by 3.11 mmHg [95% CI − 4.06 to − 2.15; P = 0.02]). Berries also significantly elevated sVCAM-1 levels by 14.57 ng/mL (85% CI 4.22 to 24.93; P = 0.02). Conclusion These findings suggest that supplementing cranberry or cherry juice might contribute to an improvement in blood pressure. No other significant improvements were observed for other specified fruits. More research is warranted comparing different classes of fruit and exploring the importance of fruit processing on their cardiovascular-protective effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02299-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jose Lara Gallegos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Crystal Haskell-Ramsay
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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99
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Mas-Capdevila A, Teichenne J, Domenech-Coca C, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Crescenti A. Effect of Hesperidin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota on Hesperidin Bioavailability. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1488. [PMID: 32443766 PMCID: PMC7284956 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, hesperidin, a flavonone mainly present in citrus fruits, has emerged as a new potential therapeutic agent able to modulate several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors. Animal and in vitro studies demonstrate beneficial effects of hesperidin and its derived compounds on CVD risk factors. Thus, hesperidin has shown glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic models, dyslipidemia-, atherosclerosis-, and obesity-preventing effects in CVDs and obese models, and antihypertensive and antioxidant effects in hypertensive models. However, there is still controversy about whether hesperidin could contribute to ameliorate glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity, and blood pressure in humans, as evidenced by several clinical trials reporting no effects of treatments with this flavanone or with orange juice on these cardiovascular parameters. In this review, we focus on hesperidin's beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, paying special attention to the high interindividual variability in response to hesperidin-based acute and chronic interventions, which can be partly attributed to differences in gut microbiota. Based on the current evidence, we suggest that some of hesperidin's contradictory effects in human trials are partly due to the interindividual hesperidin variability in its bioavailability, which in turn is highly dependent on the α-rhamnosidase activity and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Teichenne
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Cristina Domenech-Coca
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Biotechnology Area and Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.M.-C.); (J.T.); (C.D.-C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
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100
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Dong L, Song Q, Guo P, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhang M. Hesperetin improves diabetic coronary arterial vasomotor responsiveness by upregulating myocyte voltage‑gated K+ channels. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:486-494. [PMID: 32509018 PMCID: PMC7271715 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin (HSP) is a naturally occurring flavonoid. The present study aimed to investigate the potential vasomotor effects and mechanisms of HSP action on rat coronary arteries (RCAs) injured by diabetes or high glucose concentrations. HSP (100 mg/kg/day) was intragastrically administered to the rats for 8 weeks, which were rendered diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The vascular tone of RCAs was recorded using a wire myograph. The voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) currents were examined using patch clamping. The expression of Kv channels (Kv1.2 and Kv1.5) was examined by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Diabetes induced contractile hypersensitivity and vasodilator hyposensitivity in RCAs, both of which were attenuated by the chronic administration of HSP. Patch clamp data revealed that chronic HSP treatment reduced diabetes-induced suppression of Kv currents in the myocytes. Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that chronic HSP administration increased the expression of Kv1.2, but not Kv1.5, in the RCAs of diabetic rats compared with those from non-diabetic rats. In vitro analysis showed that co-incubation with HSP ameliorated high-glucose-induced suppression of Kv currents and Kv 1.2 protein expression in the myocytes. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that HSP alleviated RCA vasomotor dysfunction as a result of diabetes in rats by upregulating the expression of myocyte Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lina Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pengmei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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