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Ouyang J, Zaongo SD, Zhang X, Qi M, Hu A, Wu H, Chen Y. Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755890. [PMID: 35069530 PMCID: PMC8770824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhen Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Barman PK, Goodridge HS. Microbial Sensing by Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:14-21. [PMID: 35511863 PMCID: PMC9072977 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Balanced production of immune cells is critical for the maintenance of steady-state immune surveillance, and increased production of myeloid cells is sometimes necessary to eliminate pathogens. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) sensing of commensal microbes and invading pathogens has a notable impact on hematopoiesis. In this review, we examine how commensal microbes regulate bone marrow HSPC activity to maintain balanced hematopoiesis in the steady state, and how HSPCs proliferate and differentiate during emergency myelopoiesis in response to infection. HSPCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors and cytokine receptors that they use to sense the presence of microbes, either directly via detection of microbial components and metabolites, or indirectly by responding to cytokines produced by other host cells. We describe direct and indirect mechanisms of microbial sensing by HSPCs and highlight evidence demonstrating long-term effects of acute and chronic microbial stimuli on HSPCs. We also discuss a possible connection between myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and elevated levels of circulating microbiome-derived components in the context of aging and metabolic stress. Finally, we highlight the prospect of trained immunity-based vaccines that could exploit microbial stimulation of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Helen S. Goodridge, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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53
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Moyat M, Lebon L, Perdijk O, Wickramasinghe LC, Zaiss MM, Mosconi I, Volpe B, Guenat N, Shah K, Coakley G, Bouchery T, Harris NL. Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1283-1295. [PMID: 35288644 PMCID: PMC9705251 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths cause widespread disease, infecting ~1.5 billion people living within poverty-stricken regions of tropical and subtropical countries. As adult worms inhabit the intestine alongside bacterial communities, we determined whether the bacterial microbiota impacted on host resistance against intestinal helminth infection. We infected germ-free, antibiotic-treated and specific pathogen-free mice, with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Mice harboured increased parasite numbers in the absence of a bacterial microbiota, despite mounting a robust helminth-induced type 2 immune response. Alterations to parasite behaviour could already be observed at early time points following infection, including more proximal distribution of infective larvae along the intestinal tract and increased migration in a Baermann assay. Mice lacking a complex bacterial microbiota exhibited reduced levels of intestinal acetylcholine, a major excitatory intestinal neurotransmitter that promotes intestinal transit by activating muscarinic receptors. Both intestinal motility and host resistance against larval infection were restored by treatment with the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. These data provide evidence that a complex bacterial microbiota provides the host with resistance against intestinal helminths via its ability to regulate intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Moyat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Luc Lebon
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Lakshanie C. Wickramasinghe
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mario M. Zaiss
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilaria Mosconi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Guenat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen Shah
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Coakley
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nicola L. Harris
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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Paudel S, Ghimire L, Jin L, Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Regulation of emergency granulopoiesis during infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961601. [PMID: 36148240 PMCID: PMC9485265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system rapidly responds to the demand by turning from steady state to emergency granulopoiesis to expedite neutrophil generation in the bone marrow (BM). How the hematopoietic system integrates pathogenic and inflammatory stress signals into the molecular cues of emergency granulopoiesis has been the subject of investigations. Recent studies in the field have highlighted emerging concepts, including the direct sensing of pathogens by BM resident or sentinel hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the crosstalk of HSPCs, endothelial cells, and stromal cells to convert signals to granulopoiesis, and the identification of novel inflammatory molecules, such as C/EBP-β, ROS, IL-27, IFN-γ, CXCL1 with direct effects on HSPCs. In this review, we will provide a detailed account of emerging concepts while reassessing well-established cellular and molecular players of emergency granulopoiesis. While providing our views on the discrepant results and theories, we will postulate an updated model of granulopoiesis in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Paudel
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liliang Jin
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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55
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Lopes ME, dos Santos LM, Sacks D, Vieira LQ, Carneiro MB. Resistance Against Leishmania major Infection Depends on Microbiota-Guided Macrophage Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730437. [PMID: 34745100 PMCID: PMC8564857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells present a dual role during leishmaniasis: they constitute the first line of host defense but are also the main host cells for the parasite. Response against the infection that results in the control of parasite growth and lesion healing depends on activation of macrophages into a classical activated phenotype. We report an essential role for the microbiota in driving macrophage and monocyte-derived macrophage activation towards a resistance phenotype against Leishmania major infection in mice. Both germ-free and dysbiotic mice showed a higher number of myeloid innate cells in lesions and increased number of infected cells, mainly dermal resident and inflammatory macrophages. Despite developing a Th1 immune response characterized by the same levels of IFN-γ production as the conventional mice, germ-free mice presented reduced numbers of iNOS+ macrophages at the peak of infection. Absence or disturbance of host microbiota impaired the capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophage to be activated for Leishmania killing in vitro, even when stimulated by Th1 cytokines. These cells presented reduced expression of inos mRNA, and diminished production of microbicidal molecules, such as ROS, while presenting a permissive activation status, characterized by increased expression of arginase I and il-10 mRNA and higher arginase activity. Colonization of germ-free mice with complete microbiota from conventional mice rescued their ability to control the infection. This study demonstrates the essential role of host microbiota on innate immune response against L. major infection, driving host macrophages to a resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liliane Martins dos Santos
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - David Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus B. Carneiro
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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56
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Krambs JR, Monlish DA, Gao F, Schuettpelz LG, Link DC. Microbiota Signals Suppress B Lymphopoiesis With Aging in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767267. [PMID: 34737755 PMCID: PMC8560790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with significant changes in hematopoiesis that include a shift from lymphopoiesis to myelopoiesis and an expansion of phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with impaired self-renewal capacity and myeloid-skewed lineage differentiation. Signals from commensal flora support basal myelopoiesis in young mice; however, their contribution to hematopoietic aging is largely unknown. Here, we characterize hematopoiesis in young and middle-aged mice housed under specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. The marked shift from lymphopoiesis to myelopoiesis that develops during aging of SPF mice is mostly abrogated in GF mice. Compared with aged SPF mice, there is a marked expansion of B lymphopoiesis in aged GF mice, which is evident at the earliest stages of B cell development. The expansion of phenotypic and functional HSCs that occurs with aging is similar in SPF and GF mice. However, HSCs from young GF mice have increased lymphoid lineage output, and the aging-associated expansion of myeloid-biased HSCs is significantly attenuated in GF mice. Consistent with these data, RNA expression profiling of phenotypic HSCs from aged GF mice show enrichment for non-myeloid biased HSCs. Surprisingly, the RNA expression profiling data also suggest that inflammatory signaling is increased in aged GF HSCs compared with aged SPF HSCs. Collectively, these data suggest that microbiota-related signals suppress B lymphopoiesis at multiple stages of development and contribute to the expansion of myeloid-biased HSCs that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Krambs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Darlene A. Monlish
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Laura G. Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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57
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IL-1 Mediates Microbiome-Induced Inflamm-Ageing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Mice. Blood 2021; 139:44-58. [PMID: 34525198 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with impaired hematopoietic and immune function. This is caused in part by decreased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population fitness and an increased myeloid differentiation bias. The reasons for this aging-associated HSC impairment are incompletely understood. We here demonstrate that aged specific pathogen free (SPF) wild-type mice in contrast to young SPF mice produce more IL-1a/b in steady-state bone marrow (BM), with most of IL-1a/b being derived from myeloid BM cells. Further, blood of steady-state aged SPF wild-type mice contains higher levels of microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), specifically TLR4 and TLR8 ligands. Also, BM myeloid cells from aged mice produce more IL-1b in vitro, and aged mice show higher and more durable IL-1a/b responses upon LPS stimulation in vivo. To test if HSC ageing is driven via IL-1a/b, we evaluated HSCs from IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) knock-out mice. Indeed, aged HSCs from IL-1R1 knock-out mice show significantly mitigated ageing-associated inflammatory signatures. Moreover, HSCs from aged IL-1R1KO and also from germ-free mice maintain unbiased lympho-myeloid hematopoietic differentiation upon transplantation, thus resembling this functionality of young HSCs. Importantly, in vivo antibiotic suppression of microbiota or pharmacologic blockade of IL-1 signaling in aged wild-type mice was similarly sufficient to reverse myeloid biased output of their HSC populations. Collectively, our data defines the microbiome-IL-1/IL-1R1 axis as a key, self-sustaining, but also therapeutically partially reversible driver of HSC inflamm-ageing.
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58
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Lajqi T, Braun M, Kranig SA, Frommhold D, Pöschl J, Hudalla H. LPS Induces Opposing Memory-like Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189803. [PMID: 34575963 PMCID: PMC8469609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that innate immune cells can respond in a memory-like (adaptive) fashion, which is referred to as trained immunity. Only few in vivo studies have shown training effects in neutrophils; however, no in vitro setup has been established to study the induction of trained immunity or tolerance in neutrophils by microbial agents. In light of their short lifespan (up to 48 h), we suggest to use the term trained sensitivity for neutrophils in an in vitro setting. Here, we firstly describe a feasible two-hit model, using different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow neutrophils. We found that low doses (10 pg/mL) induce pro-inflammatory activation (trained sensitivity), whereas priming with high doses (100 ng/mL) leads to suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α or IL-6 (tolerance) (p < 0.05). On a functional level, trained neutrophils displayed increased phagocytic activity and LFA-1 expression as well as migrational capacity and CD11a expression, whereas tolerant neutrophils show contrasting effects in vitro. Mechanistically, TLR4/MyD88/PI3Ks regulate the activation of p65, which controls memory-like responses in mouse bone marrow neutrophils (p < 0.05). Our results open a new window for further in vitro studies on memory-like inflammatory responses of short-lived innate immune cells such as neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Maylis Braun
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon Alexander Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - David Frommhold
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (D.F.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-1983; Fax: +49-6221-56-5626
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Microbiota-derived lactate promotes hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis by inducing stem cell factor production from leptin receptor+ niche cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1319-1331. [PMID: 34497346 PMCID: PMC8492757 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although functional interplay between intestinal microbiota and distant sites beyond the gut has been identified, the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains unclear. This study investigated the role of microbiota-derived lactate in hematopoiesis using mice deficient in G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 81 (Gpr81-/-), an established lactate receptor. We detected significant depletion of total HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) of Gpr81-/- mice compared with heterogenic (Gpr81+/-) mice in a steady state. Notably, the expression levels of stem cell factor (SCF), which is required for the proliferation of HSCs, decreased significantly in leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) around the sinusoidal vessels of the BM from Gpr81-/- mice compared with Gpr81+/- mice. Hematopoietic recovery and activation of BM niche cells after irradiation or busulfan treatment also required Gpr81 signals. Oral administration of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) activated SCF secretion from LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently accelerated hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Most importantly, LAB feeding accelerated the self-renewal of HSCs in germ-free mice. These results suggest that microbiota-derived lactate stimulates SCF secretion by LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently activates hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in a Gpr81-dependent manner.
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60
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Wu YL, Xu J, Rong XY, Wang F, Wang HJ, Zhao C. Gut microbiota alterations and health status in aging adults: From correlation to causation. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:206-213. [PMID: 34553118 PMCID: PMC8444961 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of tissue structure and decline in physiological function during aging are accompanied by alterations to the gut microbiota. The elderly has higher risks of various diseases and chronic diseases. However, inter-individual differences are more apparent in elderly than younger, and a proportion of individuals have a delayed onset or even avoid developing chronic diseases. This difference in health status is influenced by both heredity and Lifestyle and environmental factors. During the process of aging, the gut microbiota is also affected by the external environment, and provides a buffer to external challenge, and thus the gut microbiota reflects an individual's personal experience. Moreover, the immune system undergoes a series of changes with age, which are related to chronic inflammation in the elderly. The formation, maturation and senescence of the intestinal immune system is closely related to the gut microbiota. Additionally, changes in the gut microbiota of elderly individuals may modulate the immune system, which may in turn affect health status. Herein, we summarize the correlations between the gut microbiota with individual health status in the elderly and explore the related mechanisms, which may provide a basis to maintain or enhance the health of the elderly though interventions targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Xing-Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hui-Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology College of Fundamental Medicine Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Shanghai China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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Roviello G, Iannone LF, Bersanelli M, Mini E, Catalano M. The gut microbiome and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107973. [PMID: 34453999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been deeply changed by immunotherapy, achieving unprecedented improvement in overall and progression-free survival in several advanced and metastatic cancers. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) are being tested and approved for different tumors, ranging from melanoma to lung carcinoma. However, only a subgroup of patients can reach treatment benefits and long-term responses, and reliable biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical responses to immunotherapy are still unidentified. In the last decade, accumulating evidence seems to suggest the gut microbiota as one of the modulators that can alter the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy drugs (as well as chemotherapeutics), mainly acting through the local and systemic immune system. Herein, we reviewed the highly dynamic and complex microbiome-immune system interface, its bidirectional relationship with cancer immunotherapies, and explored the future possibilities and risks in manipulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Melissa Bersanelli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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62
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Listening in on the conversation between the human gut microbiome and its host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 63:150-157. [PMID: 34352595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an ecosystem. Natural selection favored microbes fit for the gut, which can utilize and convert molecules produced by the host for their own benefit. But natural selection also favored the host's mechanisms to sense and respond to the microbial ecosystem for its own benefit. We can listen in on the host-microbiome 'conversation' in the simultaneous responses of the microbiome and the host to strong perturbations. In laboratory animals a perturbation can be done for research; in human patients a perturbation can be caused by disease or therapy. Advances in metagenomics, metabolomics and computation amplify our means to listen in on the conversation between the gut microbiome and its host.
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63
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D'Aquila P, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Piacenza F, Bürkle A, Villanueva MM, Dollé MET, Jansen E, Grune T, Gonos ES, Franceschi C, Capri M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Sikora E, Toussaint O, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Hervonen A, Hurme M, Slagboom PE, Schön C, Bernhardt J, Breusing N, Passarino G, Provinciali M, Bellizzi D. Microbiome in Blood Samples From the General Population Recruited in the MARK-AGE Project: A Pilot Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707515. [PMID: 34381434 PMCID: PMC8350766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating microbiome in blood has been reported in both physiological and pathological conditions, although its origins, identities and function remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the presence of blood microbiome by quantitative real-time PCRs targeting the 16S rRNA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the circulating microbiome has been analyzed in such a large sample of individuals since the study was carried out on 1285 Randomly recruited Age-Stratified Individuals from the General population (RASIG). The samples came from several different European countries recruited within the EU Project MARK-AGE in which a series of clinical biochemical parameters were determined. The results obtained reveal an association between microbial DNA copy number and geographic origin. By contrast, no gender and age-related difference emerged, thus demonstrating the role of the environment in influencing the above levels independent of age and gender at least until the age of 75. In addition, a significant positive association was found with Free Fatty Acids (FFA) levels, leukocyte count, insulin, and glucose levels. Since these factors play an essential role in both health and disease conditions, their association with the extent of the blood microbiome leads us to consider the blood microbiome as a potential biomarker of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - María Moreno Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Sport Science, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Eugène Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center, Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olivier Toussaint
- Research Unit of Cellular Biology (URBC) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Research Unit of Cellular Biology (URBC) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Mikko Hurme
- Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nicolle Breusing
- Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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64
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Tuganbaev T, Honda K. Non-zero-sum microbiome immune system interactions. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2120-2136. [PMID: 34242413 PMCID: PMC8457126 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental asymmetries between the host and its microbiome in enzymatic activities and nutrient storage capabilities have promoted mutualistic adaptations on both sides. As a result, the enteric immune system has evolved so as not to cause a zero‐sum sterilization of non‐self, but rather achieve a non‐zero‐sum self‐reinforcing cooperation with its evolutionary partner the microbiome. In this review, we attempt to integrate the accumulated knowledge of immune—microbiome interactions into an evolutionary framework and trace the pattern of positive immune—microbiome feedback loops across epithelial, enteric nervous system, innate, and adaptive immune circuits. Indeed, the immune system requires commensal signals for its development and function, and reciprocally protects the microbiome from nutrient shortage and pathogen outgrowth. In turn, a healthy microbiome is the result of immune system curatorship as well as microbial ecology. The paradigms of host–microbiome asymmetry and the cooperative nature of their interactions identified in the gut are applicable across all tissues influenced by microbial activities. Incorporation of immune system influences into models of microbiome ecology will be a step forward toward defining what constitutes a healthy human microbiome and guide discoveries of novel host–microbiome mutualistic adaptations that may be harnessed for the promotion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Tuganbaev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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65
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Wu LL, Huang TS, Shyu YC, Wang CL, Wang HY, Chen PJ. Gut microbiota in the innate immunity against hepatitis B virus - implication in age-dependent HBV clearance. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 49:194-202. [PMID: 34242953 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 257 million people and is one of the most important liver diseases worldwide. A unique feature of HBV infection in humans is that viral clearance heavily depends on the age at exposure. Recent studies demonstrated that the virus takes advantage of immature innate immunity, especially hepatic macrophages, and not-yet-stabilized gut microbiota in early life to establish a chronic infection. The liver contains resident and infiltrating myeloid cells involved in immune responses to pathogens. They influence both innate and adaptive sectors of the immune system and their interplay with HBV has only been noticed recently. Here, we discuss how interactions between gut microbiota and hepatic macrophages influence the outcomes of HBV infection. Understanding the underlying mechanism would pave the way for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shuo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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66
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Caiado F, Pietras EM, Manz MG. Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212381. [PMID: 34129016 PMCID: PMC8210622 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and maintain organismal integrity. In this process, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are themselves exposed to inflammatory cues and via proliferation and differentiation, replace mature immune cells in a demand-adapted fashion. Here, we review how major sources of systemic inflammation act on and subsequently shape HSC fate and function. We highlight how lifelong inflammatory exposure contributes to HSC inflamm-aging and selection of premalignant HSC clones. Finally, we explore emerging areas of interest and open questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Caiado
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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67
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Collins A, Mitchell CA, Passegué E. Inflammatory signaling regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development and homeostasis. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212383. [PMID: 34129018 PMCID: PMC8210624 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation exerts multiple effects on the early hematopoietic compartment. Best studied is the role of proinflammatory cytokines in activating adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to dynamically replenish myeloid lineage cells in a process known as emergency myelopoiesis. However, it is increasingly appreciated that the same proinflammatory signaling pathways are used in diverse hematopoietic scenarios. This review focuses on inflammatory signaling in the emergence of the definitive hematopoietic compartment during embryonic life, and tonic inflammatory signals derived from commensal microbiota in shaping the adult hematopoietic compartment in the absence of pathogenic insults. Insights into the unique and shared aspects of inflammatory signaling that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function across the lifespan and health span of an individual will enable better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to hematopoietic dysregulation and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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68
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Microbial dysbiosis is associated with aggressive histology and adverse clinical outcome in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1194-1198. [PMID: 33635332 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell survival depends on poorly understood immune evasion mechanisms. In melanoma, the composition of the gut microbiota (GMB) is associated with immune system regulation and response to immunotherapy. We investigated the association of GMB composition and diversity with lymphoma biology and treatment outcome. Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone (MZL), and follicular lymphoma (FL) were recruited at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health. The pretreatment GMB was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We examined GMB compositions in 3 contexts: lymphoma patients (51) compared with healthy controls (58), aggressive (DLBCL) (8) compared with indolent (FL, MZL) (18), and the association of GMB with immunochemotherapy treatment outcomes (8 responders, 6 nonresponders). Respectively, we found that the pretreatment GMB in lymphoma patients had a distinct composition compared with healthy controls (P < .001); GMB compositions in DLBCL patients were significantly different than indolent patients (P = .01) with a trend toward reduced microbial diversity in DLBCL patients (P = .08); and pretreatment GMB diversity and composition were significant predictors of treatment responses (P = .01). The impact of these pilot results is limited by our small sample size, and should be considered a proof of principle. If validated, our results could lead toward improved treatment outcomes by improving medication stewardship and informing which GMB-targeted therapies should be tested to improve patient outcomes.
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69
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Abstract
Commensal microbial communities have immense effects on their vertebrate hosts, contributing to a number of physiological functions, as well as host fitness. In particular, host immunity is strongly linked to microbiota composition through poorly understood bi-directional links. Gene expression may be a potential mediator of these links between microbial communities and host function. However, few studies have investigated connections between microbiota composition and expression of host immune genes in complex systems. Here, we leverage a large study of laboratory-raised fish from the species Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) to document correlations between gene expression and microbiome composition. First, we examined correlations between microbiome alpha diversity and gene expression. Our results demonstrate robust positive associations between microbial alpha diversity and expression of host immune genes. Next, we examined correlations between host gene expression and abundance of microbial taxa. We identified 15 microbial families that were highly correlated with host gene expression. These families were all tightly correlated with host expression of immune genes and processes, falling into one of three categories—those positively correlated, negatively correlated, and neutrally related to immune processes. Furthermore, we highlight several important immune processes that are commonly associated with the abundance of these taxa, including both macrophage and B cell functions. Further functional characterization of microbial taxa will help disentangle the mechanisms of the correlations described here. In sum, our study supports prevailing hypotheses of intimate links between host immunity and gut microbiome composition.
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70
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Kolypetri P, Liu S, Cox LM, Fujiwara M, Raheja R, Ghitza D, Song A, Daatselaar D, Willocq V, Weiner HL. Regulation of splenic monocyte homeostasis and function by gut microbial products. iScience 2021; 24:102356. [PMID: 33898947 PMCID: PMC8059056 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic Ly6Chigh monocytes are innate immune cells involved in the regulation of central nervous system-related diseases. Recent studies have reported the shaping of peripheral immune responses by the gut microbiome via mostly unexplored pathways. In this study, we report that a 4-day antibiotic treatment eliminates certain families of the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Actinobacteria phyla in the gut and reduces the levels of multiple pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands in the serum. Reduction of PRR ligands was associated with reduced numbers and perturbed function of splenic Ly6Chigh monocytes, which acquired an immature phenotype producing decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and exhibiting increased phagocytic and anti-microbial abilities. Addition of PRR ligands in antibiotic-treated mice restored the number and functions of splenic Ly6Chigh monocytes. Our data identify circulating PRR ligands as critical regulators of the splenic Ly6Chigh monocyte behavior and suggest possible intervention pathways to manipulate this crucial immune cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayota Kolypetri
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura M. Cox
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radhika Raheja
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dvora Ghitza
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anya Song
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dominique Daatselaar
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerie Willocq
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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71
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Krishnan S, Wemyss K, Prise IE, McClure FA, O'Boyle C, Bridgeman HM, Shaw TN, Grainger JR, Konkel JE. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are present in healthy gingiva tissue. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211829. [PMID: 33635312 PMCID: PMC7923695 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow, where they generate the effector cells that drive immune responses. However, in response to inflammation, some hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are recruited to tissue sites and undergo extramedullary hematopoiesis. Contrasting with this paradigm, here we show residence and differentiation of HSPCs in healthy gingiva, a key oral barrier in the absence of overt inflammation. We initially defined a population of gingiva monocytes that could be locally maintained; we subsequently identified not only monocyte progenitors but also diverse HSPCs within the gingiva that could give rise to multiple myeloid lineages. Gingiva HSPCs possessed similar differentiation potentials, reconstitution capabilities, and heterogeneity to bone marrow HSPCs. However, gingival HSPCs responded differently to inflammatory insults, responding to oral but not systemic inflammation. Combined, we highlight a novel pathway of myeloid cell development at a healthy barrier, defining a gingiva-specific HSPC network that supports generation of a proportion of the innate immune cells that police this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Krishnan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian E Prise
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Flora A McClure
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Conor O'Boyle
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hayley M Bridgeman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tovah N Shaw
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John R Grainger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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72
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Andrlová H, van den Brink MRM, Markey KA. An Unconventional View of T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608923. [PMID: 33680931 PMCID: PMC7930482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed as curative-intent therapy for hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematologic, immunological and metabolic disorders, however, its broader implementation is limited by high rates of transplantation-related complications and a 2-year mortality that approaches 50%. Robust reconstitution of a functioning innate and adaptive immune system is a critical contributor to good long-term patient outcomes, primarily to prevent and overcome post-transplantation infectious complications and ensure adequate graft-versus-leukemia effects. There is increasing evidence that unconventional T cells may have an important immunomodulatory role after allo-HCT, which may be at least partially dependent on the post-transplantation intestinal microbiome. Here we discuss the role of immune reconstitution in allo-HCT outcome, focusing on unconventional T cells, specifically mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ (gd) T cells, and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. We provide an overview of the mechanistic preclinical and associative clinical studies that have been performed. We also discuss the emerging role of the intestinal microbiome with regard to hematopoietic function and overall immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kate A. Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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73
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Allegra A, Giarratana RM, Scola L, Balistreri CR. The close link between the fetal programming imprinting and neurodegeneration in adulthood: The key role of "hemogenic endothelium" programming. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111461. [PMID: 33600833 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The research on neurodegenerative diseases (NeuroDegD) has been traditionally focused on later life stages. There is now an increasing evidence, that they may be programmed during early development. Here, we propose that NeuroDegD are the result of the complex process of imprinting on fetal hemogenic endothelium, from which the microglial cells make to origin. The central role of placenta and epigenetic mechanisms (methylation of DNA, histone modifications and regulation by non-coding RNAs) in mediating the short and long-term effects has been also described. Precisely, it reports their role in impacting plasticity and memory of microglial cells. In addition, we also underline the necessity of further studies for clearing all mechanisms involved and developing epigenetic methods for identifying potential targets as biomarkers, and for developing preventive measures. Such biomarkers might be used to identify individuals at risk to NeuroDegD. Finally, the sex dependence of fetal programming process has been discussed. It might justify the sex differences in the epidemiologic, imaging, biomarkers, and pathology studies of these pathologies. The discovery of related mechanisms might have important clinical implications in both the etiology of disorders and the management of pregnant women for encouraging healthy long-term outcomes for their children, and future generations. Impending research on the mechanisms related to transgenerational transmission of prenatal stress might consent the development and application of therapies and/or intervention strategies for these disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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74
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Thibeault C, Suttorp N, Opitz B. The microbiota in pneumonia: From protection to predisposition. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eaba0501. [PMID: 33441423 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and gut are physiologically colonized with their own collection of microbes, the microbiota. The normal upper respiratory tract and gut microbiota protects against pneumonia by impeding colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria and by regulating immune responses. However, antimicrobial therapy and critical care procedures perturb the microbiota, thus compromising its function and predisposing to lung infections (pneumonia). Interindividual variations and age-related alterations in the microbiota also affect vulnerability to pneumonia. We discuss how the healthy microbiota protects against pneumonia and how host factors and medical interventions alter the microbiota, thus influencing susceptibility to pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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75
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Brown RL, Larkinson MLY, Clarke TB. Immunological design of commensal communities to treat intestinal infection and inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009191. [PMID: 33465156 PMCID: PMC7846104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological impact of individual commensal species within the microbiota is poorly understood limiting the use of commensals to treat disease. Here, we systematically profile the immunological fingerprint of commensals from the major phyla in the human intestine (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) to reveal taxonomic patterns in immune activation and use this information to rationally design commensal communities to enhance antibacterial defenses and combat intestinal inflammation. We reveal that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes have distinct effects on intestinal immunity by differentially inducing primary and secondary response genes. Within these phyla, the immunostimulatory capacity of commensals from the Bacteroidia class (Bacteroidetes phyla) reflects their robustness of TLR4 activation and Bacteroidia communities rely solely on this receptor for their effects on intestinal immunity. By contrast, within the Clostridia class (Firmicutes phyla) it reflects the degree of TLR2 and TLR4 activation, and communities of Clostridia signal via both of these receptors to exert their effects on intestinal immunity. By analyzing the receptors, intracellular signaling components and transcription factors that are engaged by different commensal species, we identify canonical NF-κB signaling as a critical rheostat which grades the degree of immune stimulation commensals elicit. Guided by this immunological analysis, we constructed a cross-phylum consortium of commensals (Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides ovatus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Clostridium histolyticum) which enhances innate TLR, IL6 and macrophages-dependent defenses against intestinal colonization by vancomycin resistant Enterococci, and fortifies mucosal barrier function during pathological intestinal inflammation through the same pathway. Critically, the setpoint of intestinal immunity established by this consortium is calibrated by canonical NF-κB signaling. Thus, by profiling the immunological impact of major human commensal species our work paves the way for rational microbiota reengineering to protect against antibiotic resistant infections and to treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brown
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Max L. Y. Larkinson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. Clarke
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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76
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Lo BC, Chen GY, Núñez G, Caruso R. Gut microbiota and systemic immunity in health and disease. Int Immunol 2020; 33:197-209. [PMID: 33367688 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Although the influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal physiology and immunity is well known, mounting evidence suggests a key role for intestinal symbionts in controlling immune cell responses and development outside the gut. Although the underlying mechanisms by which the gut symbionts influence systemic immune responses remain poorly understood, there is evidence for both direct and indirect effects. In addition, the gut microbiota can contribute to immune responses associated with diseases outside the intestine. Understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the host is thus of fundamental importance to understand both immunity and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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77
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Schluter J, Peled JU, Taylor BP, Markey KA, Smith M, Taur Y, Niehus R, Staffas A, Dai A, Fontana E, Amoretti LA, Wright RJ, Morjaria S, Fenelus M, Pessin MS, Chao NJ, Lew M, Bohannon L, Bush A, Sung AD, Hohl TM, Perales MA, van den Brink MRM, Xavier JB. The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans. Nature 2020; 588:303-307. [PMID: 33239790 PMCID: PMC7725892 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences development1-3 and homeostasis4-7 of the mammalian immune system, and is associated with human inflammatory8 and immune diseases9,10 as well as responses to immunotherapy11-14. Nevertheless, our understanding of how gut bacteria modulate the immune system remains limited, particularly in humans, where the difficulty of direct experimentation makes inference challenging. Here we study hundreds of hospitalized-and closely monitored-patients with cancer receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation as they recover from chemotherapy and stem-cell engraftment. This aggressive treatment causes large shifts in both circulatory immune cell and microbiota populations, enabling the relationships between the two to be studied simultaneously. Analysis of observed daily changes in circulating neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts and more than 10,000 longitudinal microbiota samples revealed consistent associations between gut bacteria and immune cell dynamics. High-resolution clinical metadata and Bayesian inference allowed us to compare the effects of bacterial genera in relation to those of immunomodulatory medications, revealing a considerable influence of the gut microbiota-together and over time-on systemic immune cell dynamics. Our analysis establishes and quantifies the link between the gut microbiota and the human immune system, with implications for microbiota-driven modulation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schluter
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradford P Taylor
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate A Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody Smith
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene Niehus
- Harvard University, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Staffas
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anqi Dai
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi A Amoretti
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta J Wright
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maly Fenelus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa S Pessin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meagan Lew
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy Bush
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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78
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Broxmeyer HE, Liu Y, Kapur R, Orschell CM, Aljoufi A, Ropa JP, Trinh T, Burns S, Capitano ML. Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1020-1048. [PMID: 33145673 PMCID: PMC7609374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - James P Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Sarah Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
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79
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Kiouptsi K, Pontarollo G, Todorov H, Braun J, Jäckel S, Koeck T, Bayer F, Karwot C, Karpi A, Gerber S, Jansen Y, Wild P, Ruf W, Daiber A, Van Der Vorst E, Weber C, Döring Y, Reinhardt C. Germ-free housing conditions do not affect aortic root and aortic arch lesion size of late atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1809-1823. [PMID: 32579470 PMCID: PMC7524356 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1767463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, but the functional impact of these resident bacteria on the lesion size and cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta has never been experimentally addressed with the germ-free low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/- ) mouse atherosclerosis model. Here, we report that 16 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding of hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice at germ-free (GF) housing conditions did not impact relative aortic root plaque size, macrophage content, and necrotic core area. Likewise, we did not find changes in the relative aortic arch lesion size. However, late atherosclerotic GF Ldlr-/- mice had altered inflammatory plasma protein markers and reduced smooth muscle cell content in their atherosclerotic root plaques relative to CONV-R Ldlr-/- mice. Neither absolute nor relative aortic root or aortic arch plaque size correlated with age. Our analyses on GF Ldlr-/- mice did not reveal a significant contribution of the microbiota in late aortic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hristo Todorov
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Braun
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelia Karwot
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelica Karpi
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Andreas Daiber
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emiel Van Der Vorst
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany,CONTACT Christoph Reinhardt University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz55131, Germany
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80
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Sioud M. Microbial sensing by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Vigilance against infections and immune education of myeloid cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12957. [PMID: 32767789 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) express pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense microbial products and activation of these innate immune receptors induces cytokine expression and redirects bone marrow haematopoiesis towards the increased production of myeloid cells. Secreted cytokines by HSPCs in response to TLR ligands can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner to regulate haematopoiesis. Moreover, tonic activation of HSPCs by microbiota-derived compounds might educate HSPCs to produce superior myeloid cells equipped with innate memory responses to combat pathogens. While haematopoietic stem cell activation through TLRs meets the increased demand for blood leucocytes to protect the host against infection, persistent exposure to inflammatory cytokines or microbial products might impair their function and even induce malignant transformation. This review highlights the potential outcomes of HSPCs in response to TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, Norway
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81
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Sanchez JMS, Doty DJ, DePaula-Silva AB, Brown DG, Bell R, Klag KA, Truong A, Libbey JE, Round JL, Fujinami RS. Molecular patterns from a human gut-derived Lactobacillus strain suppress pathogenic infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:291. [PMID: 33023618 PMCID: PMC7542353 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that perturbation of the gut microbiota, the dense collection of microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, plays a functional role in MS. Indeed, specific gut-resident bacteria are altered in patients with MS compared to healthy individuals, and colonization of gnotobiotic mice with MS-associated microbiota exacerbates preclinical models of MS. However, defining the molecular mechanisms by which gut commensals can remotely affect the neuroinflammatory process remains a critical gap in the field. METHODS We utilized monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6J mice and relapse-remitting EAE in SJL/J mice to test the effects of the products from a human gut-derived commensal strain of Lactobacillus paracasei (Lb). RESULTS We report that Lb can ameliorate preclinical murine models of MS with both prophylactic and therapeutic administrations. Lb ameliorates disease through a Toll-like receptor 2-dependent mechanism via its microbe-associated molecular patterns that can be detected in the systemic circulation, are sufficient to downregulate chemokine production, and can reduce immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota mediated by Lb-associated molecular patterns are sufficient to provide partial protection against neuroinflammatory diseases. CONCLUSIONS Local Lb modulation of the gut microbiota and the shedding of Lb-associated molecular patterns into the circulation may be important physiological signals to prevent aberrant peripheral immune cell infiltration into the CNS and have relevance to the development of new therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Michael S Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - D Garrett Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rickesha Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kendra A Klag
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Amanda Truong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, 2724 HCI-SOUTH, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jane E Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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82
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The intestinal flora is required for post-transplant hematopoiesis in recipients of a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 54:756-758. [PMID: 31431719 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in both mice and humans have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota can affect hematopoiesis. Here, we performed experiments in preclinical mouse models for syngeneic and allogeneic HCT. To study the metabolic effects of intestinal flora depletion on post-transplant hematopoiesis in humans, we performed HCT experiments using a metabolic chamber and bomb calorimetry of feces. Taken together, we show that the intestinal microbiota supports post-transplant hematopoietic reconstitution in HCT recipients through its role in dietary energy uptake.
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83
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Enriquez J, Mims BMD, Trasti S, Furr KL, Grisham MB. Genomic, microbial and environmental standardization in animal experimentation limiting immunological discovery. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:50. [PMID: 32878597 PMCID: PMC7464063 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of inbred mice housed under standardized environmental conditions has been critical in identifying immuno-pathological mechanisms in different infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as revealing new therapeutic targets for clinical trials. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of preclinical intervention studies using well-defined mouse models of disease have progressed to clinically-effective treatments in patients. The reasons for this lack of bench-to-bedside transition are not completely understood; however, emerging data suggest that genetic diversity and housing environment may greatly influence muring immunity and inflammation. Results Accumulating evidence suggests that certain immune responses and/or disease phenotypes observed in inbred mice may be quite different than those observed in their outbred counterparts. These differences have been thought to contribute to differing immune responses to foreign and/or auto-antigens in mice vs. humans. There is also a growing literature demonstrating that mice housed under specific pathogen free conditions possess an immature immune system that remarkably affects their ability to respond to pathogens and/or inflammation when compared with mice exposed to a more diverse spectrum of microorganisms. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate that mice develop chronic cold stress when housed at standard animal care facility temperatures (i.e. 22–24 °C). These temperatures have been shown alter immune responses to foreign and auto-antigens when compared with mice housed at their thermo-neutral body temperature of 30–32 °C. Conclusions Exposure of genetically diverse mice to a spectrum of environmentally-relevant microorganisms at housing temperatures that approximate their thermo-neutral zone may improve the chances of identifying new and more potent therapeutics to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Enriquez
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Brianyell Mc Daniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Scott Trasti
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kathryn L Furr
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Matthew B Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6591, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.
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84
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Obukhov AG, Stevens BR, Prasad R, Li Calzi S, Boulton ME, Raizada MK, Oudit GY, Grant MB. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and ACE2: Clinical Outcomes Linked With Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:1875-1886. [PMID: 32669391 PMCID: PMC7458035 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit increased morbidity and mortality compared with individuals without diabetes. In this Perspective, we critically evaluate and argue that this is due to a dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previously, we have shown that loss of angiotensin-I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) promotes the ACE/angiotensin-II (Ang-II)/angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis, a deleterious arm of RAS, unleashing its detrimental effects in diabetes. As suggested by the recent reports regarding the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), upon entry into the host, this virus binds to the extracellular domain of ACE2 in nasal, lung, and gut epithelial cells through its spike glycoprotein subunit S1. We put forth the hypothesis that during this process, reduced ACE2 could result in clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients with diabetes via aggravating Ang-II-dependent pathways and partly driving not only lung but also bone marrow and gastrointestinal pathology. In addition to systemic RAS, the pathophysiological response of the local RAS within the intestinal epithelium involves mechanisms distinct from that of RAS in the lung; however, both lung and gut are impacted by diabetes-induced bone marrow dysfunction. Careful targeting of the systemic and tissue RAS may optimize clinical outcomes in subjects with diabetes infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bruce R Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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85
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Inflammatory signals have emerged as critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Specifically, HSCs are highly responsive to acute changes in systemic inflammation and this influences not only their division rate but also their lineage fate. Identifying how inflammation regulates HSCs and shapes the blood system is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underpinning these processes, as well as potential links between them. Recent Findings A widening array of physiologic and pathologic processes involving heightened inflammation are now recognized to critically affect HSC biology and blood lineage production. Conditions documented to affect HSC function include not only acute and chronic infections but also autoinflammatory conditions, irradiation injury, and physiologic states such as aging and obesity. Summary Recognizing the contexts during which inflammation affects primitive hematopoiesis is essential to improving our understanding of HSC biology and informing new therapeutic interventions against maladaptive hematopoiesis that occurs during inflammatory diseases, infections, and cancer-related disorders.
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86
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Mendez Luque LF, Blackmon AL, Ramanathan G, Fleischman AG. Key Role of Inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Instigator of Disease Initiation, Progression. and Symptoms. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:145-153. [PMID: 31119475 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic inflammation is a characteristic feature of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and impacts many aspects of the disease including initiation, progression, and symptomatology. RECENT FINDINGS The chronic inflammatory state of MPN results from disruption of immune signaling pathways leading to overproduction of inflammatory cytokines by both the neoplastic clones and bystander immune cells. This chronic inflammation may allow for the neoplastic clone to gain a selective advantage. The symptomatic burden felt by MPN patients may be a result of the chronic inflammation associated with MPN, as several cytokines have been linked with different symptoms. Pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic treatments of the inflammatory component of this disease may lead to decreased symptomatic burden, prevention of disease progression, and improvement in overall disease trajectory. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MPN and represents an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Mendez Luque
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Amanda L Blackmon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Angela G Fleischman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA. .,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, 839 Medical Sciences Rd, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
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87
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Märklin M, Bugl S, Wirths S, Frick JS, Müller MR, Kopp HG, Schneidawind D. Oral intake of lipopolysaccharide regulates toll-like receptor 4-dependent granulopoiesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1254-1259. [PMID: 32515223 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220931043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In our present study, we investigated the impact of LPS on neutrophil homeostasis and found that oral intake is sufficient to induce hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate decisions towards the neutrophil lineage independent of G-CSF. In addition, TLR4 has been identified as the indispensable sensor for oral LPS-modulated steady-state granulopoiesis. We provide evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiome is critical for neutrophil homeostasis, which has implications for patients being treated with chemotherapy or antimicrobial therapy, since both are significantly influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Märklin
- Germany Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (iFIT), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bugl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirths
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Klinikum Region Hannover, KRH Klinikum Siloah, Hannover 30459, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Molecular Oncology and Thoracic Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (iFIT), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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88
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Jahandideh B, Derakhshani M, Abbaszadeh H, Akbar Movassaghpour A, Mehdizadeh A, Talebi M, Yousefi M. The pro-Inflammatory cytokines effects on mobilization, self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:206-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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89
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Maschirow L, Suttorp N, Opitz B. Microbiota-Dependent Regulation of Antimicrobial Immunity in the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:284-289. [PMID: 31059654 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0101tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several body sites, including the intestinal and respiratory tracts, are colonized with a myriad of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, which are collectively referred to as the "microbiota." The bacterial component of the microbiota in particular has been recognized to influence a multitude of physiological functions, including innate and adaptive immune responses. Germ-free and microbiota-depleted animals display an impaired antimicrobial defense and are therefore highly susceptible to various infections, including those affecting the lung. In this review, we summarize current understanding of how the microbiota affects antimicrobial immunity and disease tolerance during viral and bacterial pulmonary infections. A better understanding of these mechanisms could help to refine clinical approaches to preserve or rescue the microbiota-immune system interplay and protect patients against lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maschirow
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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90
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Jiao Y, Wu L, Huntington ND, Zhang X. Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Innate Immunity and Its Implication in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32153586 PMCID: PMC7047319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of microbiota contributing to local mucosal homeostasis has fueled investigation into its specific role in immunology. Gut microbiota is mostly responsible for maintaining the balance between host defense and immune tolerance. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been shown to be related to various alterations of the immune system. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between gut microbiota and innate immunity compartment, with emphasis on gut-associated lymphoid tissue, innate lymphoid cells, and phagocytes. From a clinical perspective, the review gives a possible explanation of how the “gut microbiota—innate immunity” axis might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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91
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Enaud R, Prevel R, Ciarlo E, Beaufils F, Wieërs G, Guery B, Delhaes L. The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:9. [PMID: 32140452 PMCID: PMC7042389 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut-lung axis (GLA). Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. Moreover, growing evidence indicates the key role of inter-kingdom crosstalks in maintaining host homeostasis and in disease evolution. In fact, the recently emerged GLA concept involves host-microbe as well as microbe-microbe interactions, based both on localized and long-reaching effects. GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. Due to the limited knowledge on the human virobiota, we focused on gut and lung bacteriobiota and mycobiota, with a specific attention on inter-kingdom microbial crosstalks which are able to shape local or long-reached host responses within the GLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Enaud
- CHU de Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Renaud Prevel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gregoire Wieërs
- Clinique Saint Pierre, Department of Internal Medicine, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Guery
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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92
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Bone marrow CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells relay a systemic microbiota signal to control hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Blood 2020; 134:1312-1322. [PMID: 31387916 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulate hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM); however, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored how microbiota-derived molecules (MDMs) were transferred to the BM and sensed by the local immune cells to control hematopoiesis under steady-state conditions. We reveal that MDMs, including bacterial DNA (bDNA), reach the BM via systemic blood circulation and are captured by CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells (MNCs). CX3CR1+ MNCs sense MDMs via endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to produce inflammatory cytokines, which control the basal expansion of hematopoietic progenitors, but not hematopoietic stem cells, and their differentiation potential toward myeloid lineages. CX3CR1+ MNCs colocate with hematopoietic progenitors at the perivascular region, and the depletion of CX3CR1+ MNCs impedes bDNA influx into the BM. Moreover, the abrogation of TLR pathways in CX3CR1+ MNCs abolished the microbiota effect on hematopoiesis. These studies demonstrate that systemic MDMs control BM hematopoiesis by producing CX3CR1+ MNC-mediated cytokines in the steady-state.
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93
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The role of the microbiota in acute stress-induced myeloid immune cell trafficking. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:209-217. [PMID: 31812778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing recognition of the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the development of stress-related disorders. Acute stress leads to activation of neuroendocrine systems, which in turn orchestrate a large-scale redistribution of innate immune cells. Both these response systems are independently known to be primed by the microbiota, even though much is still unclear about the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in acute stress-induced immune activation. In this study, we investigated whether the microbiota influences acute stress-induced changes in innate immunity using conventionally colonised mice, mice devoid of any microbiota (i.e. germ-free, GF), and colonised GF mice (CGF). We also explored the kinetics of stress-induced immune cell mobilisation in the blood, the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Mice were either euthanised prior to stress or underwent restraint stress and were then euthanised at various time points (i.e. 0, 45- and 240-minutes) post-stress. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were analysed using ELISA and immune cell levels were quantified using flow cytometry. GF mice had increased baseline levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, of which adrenaline was normalised in CGF mice. In tandem, GF mice had decreased circulating levels of LY6Chi and LY6Cmid, CCR2+ monocytes, and granulocytes, but not LY6C-, CX3CR1+ monocytes. These deficits were normalised in CGF mice. Acute stress decreased blood LY6Chi and LY6Cmid, CCR2+ monocytes while increasing granulocyte levels in all groups 45 min post-stress. However, only GF mice showed stress-induced changes in LY6Chi monocytes and granulocytes 240 min post-stress, indicating impairments in the recovery from acute stress-induced changes in levels of specific innate immune cell types. LY6C-, CX3CR1+ monocytes remained unaffected by stress, indicating that acute stress impacts systemic innate immunity in a cell-type-specific manner. Overall, these data reveal novel cell-type-specific changes in the innate immune system in response to acute stress, which in turn are impacted by the microbiota. In conclusion, the microbiota influences the priming and recovery of the innate immune system to an acute stressor and may inform future microbiota-targeted therapeutics aimed at modulating stress-induced immune activation in stress-related disorders.
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94
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Rossi B, Constantin G, Zenaro E. The emerging role of neutrophils in neurodegeneration. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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95
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The Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease and Arterial Thrombosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120691. [PMID: 31847071 PMCID: PMC6956001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Metabolites from the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short chain fatty acids, were identified as messengers that induce cell type-specific signaling mechanisms and immune reactions in the host vasculature, impacting the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, microbial-associated molecular patterns drive atherogenesis and the microbiota was recently demonstrated to promote arterial thrombosis through Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, by the use of germ-free mouse models, the presence of a gut microbiota was shown to influence the synthesis of endothelial adhesion molecules. Hence, the gut microbiota is increasingly being recognized as an influencing factor of arterial thrombosis and attempts of dietary pre- or probiotic modulation of the commensal microbiota, to reduce cardiovascular risk, are becoming increasingly significant.
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96
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Thackray LB, Handley SA, Gorman MJ, Poddar S, Bagadia P, Briseño CG, Theisen DJ, Tan Q, Hykes BL, Lin H, Lucas TM, Desai C, Gordon JI, Murphy KM, Virgin HW, Diamond MS. Oral Antibiotic Treatment of Mice Exacerbates the Disease Severity of Multiple Flavivirus Infections. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3440-3453.e6. [PMID: 29590614 PMCID: PMC5908250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the outcome of flavivirus infection can vary from asymptomatic to lethal, environmental factors modulating disease severity are poorly defined. Here, we observed increased susceptibility of mice to severe West Nile (WNV), Dengue, and Zika virus infections after treatment with oral antibiotics (Abx) that depleted the gut microbiota. Abx treatment impaired the development of optimal T cell responses, with decreased levels of WNV-specific CD8+ T cells associated with increased infection and immunopathology. Abx treatments that resulted in enhanced WNV susceptibility generated changes in the overall structure of the gut bacterial community and in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa. As little as 3 days of treatment with ampicillin was sufficient to alter host immunity and WNV outcome. Our results identify oral Abx therapy as a potential environmental determinant of systemic viral disease, and they raise the possibility that perturbation of the gut microbiota may have deleterious consequences for subsequent flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Subhajit Poddar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Derek J Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qing Tan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hueylie Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiffany M Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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97
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Negi S, Das DK, Pahari S, Nadeem S, Agrewala JN. Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Induction and Regulation of Innate Immune Memory. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2441. [PMID: 31749793 PMCID: PMC6842962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota significantly regulates the development and function of the innate and adaptive immune system. The attribute of immunological memory has long been linked only with adaptive immunity. Recent evidence indicates that memory is also present in the innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and natural killer cells. These cells exhibit pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) expressed by the microbes. Interaction between PRRs and MAMPs is quite crucial since it triggers the sequence of signaling events and epigenetic rewiring that not only play a cardinal role in modulating the activation and function of the innate cells but also impart a sense of memory response. We discuss here how gut microbiota can influence the generation of innate memory and functional reprogramming of bone marrow progenitors that helps in protection against infections. This article will broaden our current perspective of association between the gut microbiome and innate memory. In the future, this knowledge may pave avenues for development and designing of novel immunotherapies and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Negi
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Gastroenterology Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deepjyoti Kumar Das
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Immunology Division, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Ropar, Rupnagar, India
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98
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Duan Y, Prasad R, Feng D, Beli E, Li Calzi S, Longhini ALF, Lamendella R, Floyd JL, Dupont M, Noothi SK, Sreejit G, Athmanathan B, Wright J, Jensen AR, Oudit GY, Markel TA, Nagareddy PR, Obukhov AG, Grant MB. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Restore Functional Integrity of the Gut Epithelial and Vascular Barriers in a Model of Diabetes and ACE2 Deficiency. Circ Res 2019; 125:969-988. [PMID: 31610731 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is incomplete knowledge of the impact of bone marrow cells on the gut microbiome and gut barrier function. OBJECTIVE We postulated that diabetes mellitus and systemic ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) deficiency would synergize to adversely impact both the microbiome and gut barrier function. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis were performed on fecal samples from wild-type, ACE2-/y, Akita (type 1 diabetes mellitus), and ACE2-/y-Akita mice. Gut barrier integrity was assessed by immunofluorescence, and bone marrow cell extravasation into the small intestine was evaluated by flow cytometry. In the ACE2-/y-Akita or Akita mice, the disrupted barrier was associated with reduced levels of myeloid angiogenic cells, but no increase in inflammatory monocytes was observed within the gut parenchyma. Genomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbiome of ACE2-/y-Akita mice demonstrated a marked increase in peptidoglycan-producing bacteria. When compared with control cohorts treated with saline, intraperitoneal administration of myeloid angiogenic cells significantly decreased the microbiome gene expression associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis and restored epithelial and endothelial gut barrier integrity. Also indicative of diabetic gut barrier dysfunction, increased levels of peptidoglycan and FABP-2 (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2) were observed in plasma of human subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n=21) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=23) compared with nondiabetic controls (n=23). Using human retinal endothelial cells, we determined that peptidoglycan activates a noncanonical TLR-2 (Toll-like receptor 2) associated MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88)-ARNO (ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide-binding site opener)-ARF6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) signaling cascade, resulting in destabilization of p120-catenin and internalization of VE-cadherin as a mechanism of deleterious impact of peptidoglycan on the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that the defect in gut barrier function and dysbiosis in ACE2-/y-Akita mice can be favorably impacted by exogenous administration of myeloid angiogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Duan
- From the Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology (Y.D., A.G.O.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.D.)
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Dongni Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute (D.F., E.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute (D.F., E.B.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ana Leda F Longhini
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Regina Lamendella
- Ohio State University, Wright Labs, LLC, Huntingdon, PA (R.L., J.W.)
| | - Jason L Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Mariana Dupont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | - Justin Wright
- Ohio State University, Wright Labs, LLC, Huntingdon, PA (R.L., J.W.)
| | - Amanda R Jensen
- Riley Hospital for Children, Pediatric Surgery (A.R.J., T.A.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Ohio State University, Wright Labs, LLC, Huntingdon, PA (R.L., J.W.)
| | - Troy A Markel
- Riley Hospital for Children, Pediatric Surgery (A.R.J., T.A.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | | | - Alexander G Obukhov
- From the Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology (Y.D., A.G.O.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.P., S.L.C., A.L.F.L., J.L.F., M.D., S.K.N., M.B.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
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99
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Solis K, Dehority W. Antibiotic-Induced Neutropenia During Treatment of Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Otherwise Healthy Children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:431-437. [PMID: 31598107 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-24.5.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied the frequency and characteristics of antibiotic-induced neutropenia in otherwise healthy children receiving antibiotic therapy for hematogenous osteoarticular infections (OAIs). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled otherwise healthy children between 1 month and 18 years of age discharged with an OAI from our institution over an 11-year period. An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤1500 cells/μL was defined as neutropenia. We recorded demographic and clinical information, as well as the value and timing of each ANC in relation to changes in antibiotic therapy. A multivariable regression model assessed the contributions of various risk factors. RESULTS A total of 186 children were enrolled (mean age, 7.6 years; 67.2% boys). β-Lactams represented 61.2% of all prescriptions. During treatment, 61 subjects (32.8%) developed neutropenia (median time to onset, 24 days). An ANC < 500 cells/μL occurred in 7 subjects (3.8%). Neutropenic subjects (mean age, 6.0 years) were significantly younger than those without neutropenia (mean age, 8.5 years) (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79-0.93; p < 0.001) and received significantly longer courses of total (89.3 vs. 55.8 days) and parenteral (24.6 vs. 19.9 days) antibiotic therapy (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02; p = 0.004 and OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.041, respectively). Recurrent neutropenia occurred in 23.0% of all neutropenic subjects and was significantly more common in those with a longer mean duration of parenteral therapy (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09; p = 0.004.). No complications from neutropenia occurred. CONCLUSIONS Neutropenia was common in our cohort of children receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy for OAIs. Younger age and longer courses of therapy were associated with an increased risk of neutropenia.
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100
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van de Wouw M, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Monocyte mobilisation, microbiota & mental illness. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:74-91. [PMID: 31330299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a key player in regulating brain and behaviour. This has led to the strategy of targeting the gut microbiota to ameliorate disorders of the central nervous system. Understanding the underlying signalling pathways in which the microbiota impacts these disorders is crucial for the development of future therapeutics for improving CNS functionality. One of the major pathways through which the microbiota influences the brain is the immune system, where there is an increasing appreciation for the role of monocyte trafficking in regulating brain homeostasis. In this review, we will shed light on the role of monocyte trafficking as a relay of microbiota signals in conditions where the central nervous system is in disorder, such as stress, peripheral inflammation, ageing, traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We also cover how the gastrointestinal microbiota is implicated in these mental illnesses. In addition, we aim to discuss how the monocyte system can be modulated by the gut microbiota to mitigate disorders of the central nervous system, which will lead to novel microbiota-targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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