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Murao A, Arif A, Brenner M, Denning NL, Jin H, Takizawa S, Nicastro B, Wang P, Aziz M. Extracellular CIRP and TREM-1 axis promotes ICAM-1-Rho-mediated NETosis in sepsis. FASEB J 2020; 34:9771-9786. [PMID: 32506691 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000482r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressing neutrophils produce excessive amounts of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We reveal that eCIRP generates ICAM-1+ neutrophils through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and the ICAM-1+ neutrophils involve Rho GTPase to promote NETosis. Treatment of BMDN with rmCIRP increased the frequency of ICAM-1+ BMDN, while rmCIRP-treated TREM-1-/- BMDN or pretreatment of BMDN with TREM-1 inhibitor LP17 significantly decreased the frequency of ICAM-1+ neutrophils. The frequencies of ICAM-1+ neutrophils in blood and lungs were markedly decreased in rmCIRP-injected mice or septic mice treated with LP17. Coculture of ICAM-1-/- neutrophils or wild-type (WT) neutrophils with WT macrophages in the presence of a peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor reduced TNF-α and IL-6 compared to WT neutrophils treated with rmCIRP. Treatment of ICAM-1-/- neutrophils with rmCIRP resulted in reduced quantities of NETs compared to WT rmCIRP-treated neutrophils. Treatment of BMDN with rmCIRP-induced Rho activation, while blockade of ICAM-1 significantly decreased Rho activation. Inhibition of Rho significantly decreased rmCIRP-induced NET formation in BMDN. TREM-1 plays a critical role in the eCIRP-mediated increase of ICAM-1 expression in neutrophils, leading to the increased NET formation via Rho activation to exaggerate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Adnan Arif
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Naomi-Liza Denning
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Hui Jin
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Satoshi Takizawa
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Nicastro
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
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52
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Dinarvand P, Yang L, Biswas I, Giri H, Rezaie AR. Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein HRPII inhibits the anti-inflammatory function of antithrombin. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1473-1483. [PMID: 31858717 PMCID: PMC7274886 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that histidine-rich protein II (HRPII), secreted by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), inhibits the heparin-dependent anticoagulant activity of antithrombin (AT) in vitro and in plasma-based assay systems. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that HRPII may also interact with the AT-binding vascular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), thereby inhibiting the anti-inflammatory signaling function of the serpin. METHODS We expressed HRPII in bacteria, purified it to homogeneity and studied its effect on endothelial cell signaling in the absence and presence of AT employing established signaling assays. RESULTS We demonstrate that a low concentration of HRPII potently disrupts the barrier permeability function of endothelial cells. Moreover, HRPII competitively inhibits the protective effect of AT by a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, AT inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of HRPII by a concentration-dependent manner. The siRNA knockdown of 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (3-OST-1), the enzyme responsible for the essential 3-O-sulfation of the AT-binding GAGs, downregulates the pro-inflammatory function of HRPII in endothelial cells, supporting the hypothesis that HRPII competitively inhibits the interaction of AT with 3-OS containing vascular GAGs. Histidine-rich protein II elicits its barrier-disruptive effect by the Src-dependent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and AT counteracts this effect. We further demonstrate that inorganic polyphosphates bind HRPII with a high affinity to amplify the pro-inflammatory signaling function of HRPII in both cellular and in vivo permeability models. CONCLUSION We postulate that Pf-derived HRPII and polyphosphate can contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria infection by downregulating the AT-dependent anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Dinarvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis
| | - Likui Yang
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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53
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Understanding Molecules that Mediate Leukocyte Extravasation. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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54
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Wiesolek HL, Bui TM, Lee JJ, Dalal P, Finkielsztein A, Batra A, Thorp EB, Sumagin R. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Functions as an Efferocytosis Receptor in Inflammatory Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:874-885. [PMID: 32035057 PMCID: PMC7180595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is up-regulated during inflammation by several cell types. ICAM-1 is best known for its role in mediating leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and guiding leukocytes across the vascular wall. Recently, macrophages have been shown to express ICAM-1, however, their role in macrophage function is unclear. We found that ICAM-1 expression was induced during inflammatory macrophage polarization and high numbers of ICAM-1-expressing macrophages were noted in inflamed colon tissue in a murine colitis model and in human inflammatory bowel disease. Because tissue macrophages play a critical role in removing apoptotic/necrotic cells in inflammation and injury, a process termed efferocytosis, it was examined whether ICAM-1 contributes to this process. Genetic deletion (ICAM-1 knockout mice) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of ICAM-1 in isolated murine and human macrophages significantly impaired apoptotic cell (AC) engulfment. Impairment in the engulfment of Jurkat T cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells was confirmed ex vivo by inflammatory macrophages and in vivo by thioglycolate-recruited peritoneal macrophages. Decreased efferocytosis was also seen in vitro and in vivo with inhibition of ICAM-1 adhesive interactions, using a function blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Mechanistically, it was found that ICAM-1 actively redistributes to cluster around engulfed ACs to facilitate macrophage-AC binding. Our findings define a new role for ICAM-1 in promoting macrophage efferocytosis, a critical process in the resolution of inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Wiesolek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Triet M Bui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph J Lee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Prarthana Dalal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ariel Finkielsztein
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayush Batra
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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55
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Kong L, Wang B, Yang X, He B, Hao D, Yan L. Integrin-associated molecules and signalling cross talking in osteoclast cytoskeleton regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3271-3281. [PMID: 32045092 PMCID: PMC7131929 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ageing skeleton, the balance of bone reconstruction could commonly be broken by the increasing of bone resorption and decreasing of bone formation. Consequently, the bone resorption gradually occupies a dominant status. During this imbalance process, osteoclast is unique cell linage act the bone resorptive biological activity, which is a highly differentiated ultimate cell derived from monocyte/macrophage. The erosive function of osteoclasts is that they have to adhere the bone matrix and migrate along it, in which adhesive cytoskeleton recombination of osteoclast is essential. In that, the podosome is a membrane binding microdomain organelle, based on dynamic actin, which forms a cytoskeleton superstructure connected with the plasma membrane. Otherwise, as the main adhesive protein, integrin regulates the formation of podosome and cytoskeleton, which collaborates with the various molecules including: c-Cbl, p130Cas , c-Src and Pyk2, through several signalling cascades cross talking, including: M-CSF and RANKL. In our current study, we discuss the role of integrin and associated molecules in osteoclastogenesis cytoskeletal, especially podosomes, regulation and relevant signalling cascades cross talking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Kong
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Baorong He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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56
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Zhuang F, Shi Q, Wang WB, Bao H, Yan J, Gao S, Liu Z, Jiang ZL, Qi YX. Endothelial microvesicles induced by physiological cyclic stretch inhibit ICAM1-Dependent leukocyte adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2020; 386:111710. [PMID: 31693873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological cyclic stretch (CS), caused by artery deformation following blood pressure, plays important roles in the homeostasis of endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we detected the effect of physiological CS on endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) and their roles in leukocyte recruitment to ECs, which is a crucial event in EC inflammation. The results showed compared with the static treatment, pretreatment of 5%-CS-derived EMVs with ECs significantly decreased the adherence level of leukocytes. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed 373 proteins differentially expressed between static-derived and 5%-CS-derived EMVs, in which 314 proteins were uniquely identified in static-derived EMVs, 34 proteins uniquely in 5%-CS-derived EMVs, and 25 proteins showed obvious differences. Based on the proteomic data, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis predicted intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) in EMVs might be the potential molecule involved in EC-leukocyte adhesion. Western blot and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the significant decrease of ICAM1 in 5%-CS-derived EMVs, which subsequently inhibited the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Tyr731 in target ECs. Moreover, leukocyte adhesion was obviously decreased after pretreatment with ICAM1 neutralizing antibody. Our present research suggested that physiological stretch changes the components of EMVs, which in turn inhibits leukocyte adhesion. ICAM1 expressed on CS-induced EMVs may play an important role in maintaining EC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhuang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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57
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Li Y, Wittchen ES, Monaghan-Benson E, Hahn C, Earp HS, Doerschuk CM, Burridge K. The role of endothelial MERTK during the inflammatory response in lungs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225051. [PMID: 31805065 PMCID: PMC6894824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key homeostasis regulator in mammals, the MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial for efferocytosis, a process that requires remodeling of the cell membrane and adjacent actin cytoskeleton. Membrane and cytoskeletal reorganization also occur in endothelial cells during inflammation, particularly during neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM) and during changes in permeability. However, MERTK’s function in endothelial cells remains unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of endothelial MERTK to neutrophil TEM and endothelial barrier function. In vitro experiments using primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells found that neutrophil TEM across the endothelial monolayers was enhanced when MERTK expression in endothelial cells was reduced by siRNA knockdown. Examination of endothelial barrier function revealed increased passage of dextran across the MERTK-depleted monolayers, suggesting that MERTK helps maintain endothelial barrier function. MERTK knockdown also altered adherens junction structure, decreased junction protein levels, and reduced basal Rac1 activity in endothelial cells, providing potential mechanisms of how MERTK regulates endothelial barrier function. To study MERTK’s function in vivo, inflammation in the lungs of global Mertk-/- mice was examined during acute pneumonia. In response to P. aeruginosa, more neutrophils were recruited to the lungs of Mertk-/- than wildtype mice. Vascular leakage of Evans blue dye into the lung tissue was also greater in Mertk-/- mice. To analyze endothelial MERTK’s involvement in these processes, we generated inducible endothelial cell-specific (iEC) Mertk-/- mice. When similarly challenged with P. aeruginosa, iEC Mertk-/- mice demonstrated no difference in neutrophil TEM into the inflamed lungs or in vascular permeability compared to control mice. These results suggest that deletion of MERTK in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in all cells in vivo aggravates the inflammatory response. However, selective MERTK deletion in endothelial cells in vivo failed to replicate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erika S Wittchen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cornelia Hahn
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - H Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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58
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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59
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Zhang Y, Huo W, Wen Y, Li H. Silencing Nogo-B receptor inhibits penile corpus cavernosum vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis of rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction by down-regulating ICAM-1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220715. [PMID: 31442237 PMCID: PMC6707583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major sexual problem for men. Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) has been found to be involved in the regulation of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. The present study explores the effects of NgBR in penile corpus cavernosum in rats with diabetic ED. Firstly, the ED model of Sprague Dawley rats was established. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were conducted to observe pathological morphology. Immunochemical assay was adopted to detect α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), NgBR and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blot analysis were carried out for the assessment of NgBR, factors correlated to ICAM-1, including steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase2 (PYK2), and factors associated with apoptosis, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated protein X (Bax), caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 3. The results found that capillaries and vascular smooth muscle cell content reduced, and NgBR and ICAM-1 were elevated in rats with diabetic ED. si-NgBR relieved ED by decreasing penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle systolic percentage and increasing erectile time and rate, intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic percentage, improving the pathological changes and inhibiting cavernosum cell apoptosis. si-NgBR also resulted in the down-regulation of ICAM-1 and downstream SRC and PYK2 and promoted α-SMA expression. In conclusion, si-NgBR can provide a potential therapy for diabetic ED in rats by down-regulating ICAM-1, SRC and PYK2, making it a potential therapeutic option for diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R.China
| | - Wei Huo
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R.China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Endocrine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R.China
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60
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McDowell SAC, Quail DF. Immunological Regulation of Vascular Inflammation During Cancer Metastasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1984. [PMID: 31497019 PMCID: PMC6712555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the predominant cause of cancer-related mortality, despite being a highly inefficient process overall. The vasculature is the gatekeeper for tumor cell seeding within the secondary tissue microenvironment—the rate limiting step of the metastatic cascade. Therefore, factors that regulate vascular physiology dramatically influence cancer outcomes. There are a myriad of physiologic circumstances that not only influence the intrinsic capacity of tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier, but also that regulate vascular inflammation and barrier integrity to enable extravasation into the metastatic niche. These processes are highly dependent on inflammatory cues largely initiated by the innate immune compartment, that are meant to help re-establish tissue homeostasis, but instead become hijacked by cancer cells. Here, we discuss the scientific advances in understanding the interactions between innate immune cells and the endothelium, describe their influence on cancer metastasis, and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions for the alleviation of metastatic disease. By triangulating the relationship between immune cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells, we will gain greater insight into how to impede the metastatic process by focusing on its most vulnerable phases, thereby reducing metastatic spread and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A C McDowell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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61
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Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:35-52. [PMID: 29228169 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early atherosclerosis features functional and structural changes in the endothelial barrier function that affect the traffic of molecules and solutes between the vessel lumen and the vascular wall. Such changes are mechanistically related to the development of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, all increase endothelial permeability sharing a common signalling denominator: an imbalance in the production/disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), broadly termed oxidative stress. Mostly as a consequence of the activation of enzymatic systems leading to ROS overproduction, proatherogenic factors lead to a pro-inflammatory status that translates in changes in gene expression and functional rearrangements, including changes in the transendothelial transport of molecules, leading to the deposition of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the subsequent infiltration of circulating leucocytes in the intima. In this review, we focus on such early changes in atherogenesis and on the concept that proatherogenic stimuli and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by altering the endothelial barrier properties, co-ordinately trigger the accumulation of LDL in the intima and ultimately plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Mundi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marial Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, USA; and
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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62
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Ma Y, Yang X, Chatterjee V, Meegan JE, Beard Jr. RS, Yuan SY. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Vesicles in Regulating Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1037. [PMID: 31143182 PMCID: PMC6520655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium serves as the major barrier that controls the transport of blood constituents across the vessel wall. Barrier leakage occurs during infection or sterile inflammation, allowing plasma fluid and cells to extravasate and accumulate in surrounding tissues, an important pathology underlying a variety of infectious diseases and immune disorders. The leak process is triggered and regulated by bidirectional communications between circulating cells and vascular cells at the blood-vessel interface. While the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex process remain incompletely understood, emerging evidence supports the roles of neutrophil-endothelium interaction and neutrophil-derived products, including neutrophil extracellular traps and vesicles, in the pathogenesis of vascular barrier injury. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophil-induced changes in endothelial barrier structures, with a detailed presentation of recently characterized molecular pathways involved in the production and effects of neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of altering neutrophil interactions with the endothelial barrier in treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard S. Beard Jr.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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63
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Escribano J, Chen MB, Moeendarbary E, Cao X, Shenoy V, Garcia-Aznar JM, Kamm RD, Spill F. Balance of mechanical forces drives endothelial gap formation and may facilitate cancer and immune-cell extravasation. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006395. [PMID: 31048903 PMCID: PMC6497229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of gaps in the endothelium is a crucial process underlying both cancer and immune cell extravasation, contributing to the functioning of the immune system during infection, the unfavorable development of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. Here, we present a stochastic-mechanical multiscale model of an endothelial cell monolayer and show that the dynamic nature of the endothelium leads to spontaneous gap formation, even without intervention from the transmigrating cells. These gaps preferentially appear at the vertices between three endothelial cells, as opposed to the border between two cells. We quantify the frequency and lifetime of these gaps, and validate our predictions experimentally. Interestingly, we find experimentally that cancer cells also preferentially extravasate at vertices, even when they first arrest on borders. This suggests that extravasating cells, rather than initially signaling to the endothelium, might exploit the autonomously forming gaps in the endothelium to initiate transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escribano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle B. Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Spill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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64
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Mitoma H, Manto M. Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier During Neuroinflammatory and Neuroinfectious Diseases. NEUROIMMUNE DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121618 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19515-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the organ of highest metabolic demand, utilizing over 25% of total body glucose utilization via an enormous vasculature with one capillary every 73 μm, the brain evolves a barrier at the capillary and postcapillary venules to prevent toxicity during serum fluctuations in metabolites and hormones, to limit brain swelling during inflammation, and to prevent pathogen invasion. Understanding of neuroprotective barriers has since evolved to incorporate the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, and the presence of CNS lymphatics that allow leukocyte egress. Identification of the cellular and molecular participants in BBB function at the NVU has allowed detailed analyses of mechanisms that contribute to BBB dysfunction in various disease states, which include both autoimmune and infectious etiologies. This chapter will introduce some of the cellular and molecular components that promote barrier function but may be manipulated by inflammatory mediators or pathogens during neuroinflammation or neuroinfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Manto
- Department of Neurology, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium, Department of Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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65
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Nwafor DC, Brichacek AL, Mohammad AS, Griffith J, Lucke-Wold BP, Benkovic SA, Geldenhuys WJ, Lockman PR, Brown CM. Targeting the Blood-Brain Barrier to Prevent Sepsis-Associated Cognitive Impairment. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2019; 11:1179573519840652. [PMID: 31007531 PMCID: PMC6456845 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519840652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease resulting from an infection. This disorder affects 750 000 people annually in the United States and has a 62% rehospitalization rate. Septic symptoms range from typical flu-like symptoms (eg, headache, fever) to a multifactorial syndrome known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Patients with SAE exhibit an acute altered mental status and often have higher mortality and morbidity. In addition, many sepsis survivors are also burdened with long-term cognitive impairment. The mechanisms through which sepsis initiates SAE and promotes long-term cognitive impairment in septic survivors are poorly understood. Due to its unique role as an interface between the brain and the periphery, numerous studies support a regulatory role for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the progression of acute and chronic brain dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the current body of literature which supports the BBB as a nexus which integrates signals from the brain and the periphery in sepsis. We highlight key insights on the mechanisms that contribute to the BBB's role in sepsis which include neuroinflammation, increased barrier permeability, immune cell infiltration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and a potential barrier role for tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Finally, we address current drug treatments (eg, antimicrobials and intravenous immunoglobulins) for sepsis and their potential outcomes on brain function. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms may enable clinicians to target specific aspects of BBB function as a therapeutic tool to limit long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C Nwafor
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allison L Brichacek
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Afroz S Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jessica Griffith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stanley A Benkovic
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M Brown
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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66
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Zhang B, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Fu Q, Yan Q. Dual RNA-Seq reveals the role of a transcriptional regulator gene in pathogen-host interactions between Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:778-787. [PMID: 30776540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a highly pathogenic bacterium for maricultured fish and causes serious losses. A transcriptional regulator gene RK21_RS10315 was found up-regulated during the whole infection process, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Five shRNA were designed to silence RK21_RS10315 gene, and the gene expression was reduced up to 96.1%. Compared with the counterpart infected with wild type strain, the infection of RK21_RS10315-RNAi strain resulted in the death time delay, and 90% reduction in mortality of Epinephelus coioides, as well as the alleviation in the symptoms of E. coioides spleen. Moreover, compared with the fish infected with wild type strain, the infection of RK21_RS10315-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida resulted in a significant change both in transcriptome of spleen of infected E. coioides and P. plecoglossicida. The KEGG analysis showed that genes of 16 immune pathways in E. coioides were affected by the silence of RK21_RS10315 of P. plecoglossicida. Among them, intestinal immune network for IgA production pathway and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway were more prominent than other pathways. 19 euk-DEMs in these immune pathways had varying degrees of correlation with 19 pro-DEMs, and the expression of ipxA, grpE, yhbJ, truD and suhB from 19 pro-DEMs were predicted more related to RK21_RS10315 in P. plecoglossicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China; Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.
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67
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Allingham MJ, Tserentsoodol N, Saloupis P, Mettu PS, Cousins SW. Aldosterone Exposure Causes Increased Retinal Edema and Severe Retinopathy Following Laser-Induced Retinal Vein Occlusion in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3355-3365. [PMID: 30025072 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of aldosterone exposure on retinal edema and retinopathy in a mouse model of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods RVO was induced immediately following intravenous injection of Rose bengal (66 mg/kg) using a 532-nm wavelength laser to place three to seven applications at 80 mW and 50-μm spot size directed at the superior retinal vein one disc diameter away from the nerve. Negative control consisted of placing an equal number of laser spots without targeting the vein. Male and female C57BL/6J mice aged 7 to 9 months with confirmed absence of Crb1rd8 were used. Aldosterone pellets releasing a daily dose of 0.83 μg/day were implanted subcutaneously 4 weeks prior to RVO. Retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed using a Micron IV rodent imaging system. Retinas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using standard techniques. Retinal imaging and tissue analysis were performed 2, 4, and 7 days following RVO. Comparisons were made using Student's t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's χ2. Results RVO caused retinal edema in the form of cystic spaces and retinal thickening detectable by both OCT and histology. RVO also caused Müller glia (MG) dysfunction manifest as upregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and altered localization of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and Kir4.1. Treatment with aldosterone caused a significant increase in retinal edema and more severe retinopathy manifest as retinal whitening and extensive intraretinal hemorrhage. MG dysfunction was more severe and persistent in aldosterone-treated mice. Finally, aldosterone greatly increased the number of infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes following RVO. Conclusions Systemic aldosterone exposure causes a more severe RVO phenotype manifest as increased severity and duration of retinal edema and more severe retinopathy. The effects of aldosterone may be mediated by MG dysfunction and increased infiltration of mononuclear phagocytes. This suggests that small increases in aldosterone levels may be a risk factor for severe RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nomingerel Tserentsoodol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Peter Saloupis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Priyatham S Mettu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Scott W Cousins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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68
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Maas SL, Soehnlein O, Viola JR. Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration in the Lung, Liver, Kidney, and Aorta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30538702 PMCID: PMC6277681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are dependent on the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The classical leukocyte recruitment cascade, consisting of capture, rolling, arrest, adhesion, crawling, and transendothelial migration, is thoroughly studied but mostly in model systems, such as the cremasteric microcirculation. This cascade paradigm, which is widely accepted, might be applicable to many tissues, however recruitment mechanisms might substantially vary in different organs. Over the last decade, several studies shed light on organ-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment. An improved awareness of this matter opens new therapeutic windows and allows targeting inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the leukocyte recruitment in general and how this varies in different organs. In particular we focus on neutrophils, as these are the first circulating leukocytes to reach the site of inflammation. Specifically, the recruitment mechanism in large arteries, as well as vessels in the lungs, liver, and kidney will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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69
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In vivo imaging reveals unique neutrophil transendothelial migration patterns in inflamed intestines. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1571-1581. [PMID: 30104624 PMCID: PMC6279495 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration of the intestinal mucosa is a hallmark of gastrointestinal inflammation, with significant implications for host defense, injury and repair. However, phenotypic and mechanistic aspects of PMN recruitment in inflamed intestines have not been explored in vivo. Using novel epithelial/PMN fluorescence reporter mice, advanced intravital imaging and 3D reconstruction analysis, we mapped the microvasculature architecture across the intestinal layers and determined that in response to Salmonella/endotoxin-induced inflammation, PMN transendothelial migration (TEM) was restricted to submucosal vessels. PMN TEM was not observed in villus or crypt vessels, proximal to the epithelium that underlies the intestinal lumen, and was partially dependent on (C-X-C motif) ligands 1 (CXCL1) and 2 (CXCL2) expression, which was found to be elevated in the submucosa layer. Restricted PMN extravasation at the submucosa and subsequent PMN interstitial migration may serve as a novel regulatory step of PMN effector function and recruitment to the luminal space in inflamed intestines.
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70
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Pedicini L, Miteva KT, Hawley V, Gaunt HJ, Appleby HL, Cubbon RM, Marszalek K, Kearney MT, Beech DJ, McKeown L. Homotypic endothelial nanotubes induced by wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7569. [PMID: 29765077 PMCID: PMC5953990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier formation is maintained by intercellular communication through junctional proteins. The mechanisms involved in maintaining endothelial communication subsequent to barrier disruption remain unclear. It is known that low numbers of endothelial cells can be interconnected by homotypic actin-driven tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which could be important for intercellular transfer of information in vascular physiology. Here we sought insight into the triggers for TNT formation. Wheat germ agglutinin, a C-type lectin and known label for TNTs, unexpectedly caused striking induction of TNTs. A succinylated derivative was by contrast inactive, suggesting mediation by a sialylated protein. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown we identified that this protein was likely to be CD31, an important sialylated membrane protein normally at endothelial cell junctions. We subsequently considered thrombin as a physiological inducer of endothelial TNTs because it reduces junctional contact. Thrombin reduced junctional contact, redistributed CD31 and induced TNTs, but its effect on TNTs was CD31-independent. Thrombin-induced TNTs nevertheless required PKCα, a known mediator of thrombin-dependent junctional remodelling, suggesting a necessity for junctional proteins in TNT formation. Indeed, TNT-inducing effects of wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin were both correlated with cortical actin rearrangement and similarly Ca2+-dependent, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. Once formed, Ca2+ signalling along TNTs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pedicini
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarina T Miteva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Verity Hawley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hollie L Appleby
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lynn McKeown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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71
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Proline-Rich Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 in Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050139. [PMID: 29738483 PMCID: PMC5977112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its homologous FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) contain the same domain, exhibit high sequence homology and are defined as a distinct family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. This group of kinases plays critical roles in cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion by regulating survival and growth signaling. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological functions of Pyk2 in inflammation and cancers. In particular, overexpression of Pyk2 in cancerous tissues is correlated with poor outcomes. Pyk2 stimulates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and TGF-β/EGFR/VEGF, and facilitates carcinogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Therefore, Pyk2 is a high-value therapeutic target and has clinical significance.
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72
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Walling BL, Kim M. LFA-1 in T Cell Migration and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 29774029 PMCID: PMC5943560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostatic immune surveillance and development of effective adaptive immune responses require precise regulation of spatial and temporal lymphocyte trafficking throughout the body to ensure pathogen clearance and memory generation. Dysregulation of lymphocyte activation and migration can lead to impaired adaptive immunity, recurrent infections, and an array of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Central to the recruitment of T cells, integrins are cell surface receptors that regulate adhesion, signal transduction, and migration. With 24 integrin pairs having been discovered to date, integrins are defined not only by the composition of the heterodimeric pair but by cell-type specific expression and their ligands. Furthermore, integrins not only facilitate adhesion but also induce intracellular signaling and have recently been uncovered as mechanosensors providing additional complexity to the signaling pathways. Among several leukocyte-specific integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 or αLβ2; CD11a/CD18) is a key T cell integrin, which plays a major role in regulating T cell activation and migration. Adhesion to LFA-1's ligand, intracellular adhesion receptor 1 (ICAM-1) facilitates firm endothelium adhesion, prolonged contact with antigen-presenting cells, and binding to target cells for killing. While the downstream signaling pathways utilized by LFA-1 are vastly conserved they allow for highly disparate responses. Here, we summarize the roles of LFA-1 and ongoing studies to better understand its functions and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Walling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Reyes R, Cardeñes B, Machado-Pineda Y, Cabañas C. Tetraspanin CD9: A Key Regulator of Cell Adhesion in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 29760699 PMCID: PMC5936783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 is expressed by all the major subsets of leukocytes (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, and immature and mature dendritic cells) and also at a high level by endothelial cells. As a typical member of the tetraspanin superfamily, a prominent feature of CD9 is its propensity to engage in a multitude of interactions with other tetraspanins as well as with different transmembrane and intracellular proteins within the context of defined membranal domains termed tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Through these associations, CD9 influences many cellular activities in the different subtypes of leukocytes and in endothelial cells, including intracellular signaling, proliferation, activation, survival, migration, invasion, adhesion, and diapedesis. Several excellent reviews have already covered the topic of how tetraspanins, including CD9, regulate these cellular processes in the different cells of the immune system. In this mini-review, however, we will focus particularly on describing and discussing the regulatory effects exerted by CD9 on different adhesion molecules that play pivotal roles in the physiology of leukocytes and endothelial cells, with a particular emphasis in the regulation of adhesion molecules of the integrin and immunoglobulin superfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yesenia Machado-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y OTR (IO2), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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74
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Tan PEZ, Yu PK, Yang H, Cringle SJ, Yu DY. Regional differences in endothelial cell cytoskeleton, junctional proteins and phosphorylated tyrosine labeling in the porcine vortex vein system. Exp Eye Res 2018; 172:36-44. [PMID: 29608905 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated endothelial phenotype heterogeneity in the vortex vein system. This study is to further determine whether regional differences are present in the cytoskeleton, junctional proteins and phosphorylated tyrosine labeling within the system. The vortex vein system of twenty porcine eyes was perfused with labels for f-actin, claudin-5, VE-Cadherin, phosphorylated tyrosine and nucleic acid. The endothelial cells of eight different regions (choroidal veins, pre-ampulla, anterior ampulla, mid-ampulla, posterior ampulla, post-ampulla, intra-scleral canal and the extra-ocular vortex vein) were studied using confocal microscopy. There were regional differences in the endothelial cell structures. Cytoskeleton labeling was relatively even in intensity throughout Regions 1 to 6. Overall VE-Cadherin had a non-uniform distribution and thicker width endothelial cell border staining than claudin-5. Progressing downstream there was an increased variation in thickness of VE-cadherin labeling. There was an overlap in phosphorylated tyrosine and VE-Cadherin labeling in the post-ampulla, intra-scleral canal and extra-ocular vortex vein. Intramural cells were observed that were immune-positive for VE-Cadherin and phosphorylated tyrosine. There were significant differences in the number of intramural cells in different regions. Significant regional differences with endothelial cell labeling of cytoskeleton, junction proteins, and phosphorylated tyrosine were found within the vortex vein system. These findings support existing data on endothelial cell phenotype heterogeneity, and may aid in the knowledge of venous pathologies by understanding regions of vulnerability to endothelial damage within the vortex vein system. It could be valuable to further investigate and characterize the VE-cadherin and phosphotyrosine immune-positive intramural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Ern Zhi Tan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Paula K Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Hongfang Yang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Cringle
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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75
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Meegan JE, Yang X, Coleman DC, Jannaway M, Yuan SY. Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28120468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against infection or injury. While neutrophil activation is necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, a hyperactive response can lead to tissue damage and microcirculatory disorders, a process involving complex neutrophil-endothelium cross talk. This review highlights recent research findings about neutrophil-mediated signaling and structural changes, including those induced by neutrophil extracellular traps, which ultimately lead to vascular barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle C Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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76
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Liu J, Miao G, Wang B, Zheng N, Ma L, Chen X, Wang G, Zhao X, Zhang L, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes monocyte transendothelial migration by increasing vascular endothelial cell permeability via the tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:742-748. [PMID: 29462613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Migration of monocytes into the subendothelial layer of the intima is one of the critical events in early atherosclerosis. Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection has been shown to promote monocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). However, the exact mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae infection increases vascular endothelial cell (VEC) permeability and subsequent monocyte TEM through stimulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin). Here, we demonstrated that C. pneumoniae infection promoted monocyte TEM in a TEM assay possibly by increasing the permeability of a VEC line EA.hy926 cell as assessed by measuring the passage of FITC-BSA across a VEC monolayer. Subsequently, Western blot analysis showed that C. pneumoniae infection induced VE-cadherin internalization. Our further data revealed that Src-mediated VE-cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr658 was involved in C. pneumoniae infection-induced internalization of VE-cadherin, VEC hyperpermeability and monocyte TEM. Taken together, our data indicate that C. pneumoniae infection promotes monocyte TEM by increasing VEC permeability via the tyrosine phosphorylation and internalization of VE-cadherin in VECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guolin Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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77
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Gao F, Lucke-Wold BP, Li X, Logsdon AF, Xu LC, Xu S, LaPenna KB, Wang H, Talukder MAH, Siedlecki CA, Huber JD, Rosen CL, He P. Reduction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Increases the Adhesiveness of Constitutive Endothelial Membrane ICAM-1 through Src-Mediated Phosphorylation. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1124. [PMID: 29367846 PMCID: PMC5768177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a known anti-adhesive molecule that prevents platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). The mechanism has been attributed to its role in the regulation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and the adhesive properties of platelets. Our previous study conducted in rat venules found that reduction of EC basal NO synthesis caused EC ICAM-1-mediated firm adhesion of leukocytes within 10-30 min. This quick response occurred in the absence of alterations of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and also opposes the classical pattern of ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion that requires protein synthesis and occurs hours after stimulation. The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of reduced basal NO-induced EC-mediated rapid leukocyte adhesion observed in intact microvessels. The relative levels of ICAM-1 at different cell regions and their activation status were determined with cellular fractionation and western blot using cultured human umbilical vein ECs. ICAM-1 adhesiveness was determined by immunoprecipitation in non-denatured proteins to assess the changes in ICAM-1 binding to its inhibitory antibody, mAb1A29, and antibody against total ICAM-1 with and without NO reduction. The adhesion strength of EC ICAM-1 was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on live cells. Results showed that reduction of EC basal NO caused by the application of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (AP-CAV) or NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, for 30 min significantly increased phosphorylated ICAM-1 and its binding to mAb1A29 in the absence of altered ICAM-1 expression and its distribution at subcellular regions. The Src inhibitor, PP1, inhibited NO reduction-induced increases in ICAM-1 phosphorylation and adhesive binding. AFM detected significant increases in the binding force between AP-CAV-treated ECs and mAb1A29-coated probes. These results demonstrated that reduced EC basal NO lead to a rapid increase in ICAM-1 adhesive binding via Src-mediated phosphorylation without de novo protein synthesis and translocation. This study suggests that a NO-dependent conformational change of constitutive EC membrane ICAM-1 might be the mechanism of rapid ICAM-1 dependent leukocyte adhesion observed in vivo. This new mechanistic insight provides a better understanding of EC/leukocyte interaction-mediated vascular inflammation under many disease conditions that encounter reduced basal NO in the circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - M. A. Hassan Talukder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jason D. Huber
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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78
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Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the arterial endothelium exerts a powerful protective influence to maintain vascular homeostasis. However, during the development of vascular disease, these protective activities are lost, and dysfunctional endothelial cells actually promote disease pathogenesis. Numerous investigations have analyzed the characteristics of dysfunctional endothelium with a view to understanding the processes responsible for the dysfunction and to determining their role in vascular pathology. This review adopts an alternate approach: reviewing the mechanisms that contribute to the initial formation of a healthy protective endothelium and on how those mechanisms may be disrupted, precipitating the appearance of dysfunctional endothelial cells and the progression of vascular disease. This approach, which highlights the role of endothelial adherens junctions and vascular endothelial-cadherin in endothelial maturation and endothelial dysfunction, provides new insight into the remarkable biology of this important cell layer and its role in vascular protection and vascular disease.
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79
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Mittal M, Nepal S, Tsukasaki Y, Hecquet CM, Soni D, Tiruppathi C, Malik AB, Rehman J. Response by Mittal et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Neutrophil Activation of Endothelial Cell-Expressed TRPM2 Mediates Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration and Vascular Injury". Circ Res 2017; 121:e87. [PMID: 29217714 PMCID: PMC5757838 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Saroj Nepal
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Claudie M Hecquet
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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80
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Osaki T, Sivathanu V, Kamm RD. Crosstalk between developing vasculature and optogenetically engineered skeletal muscle improves muscle contraction and angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2017; 156:65-76. [PMID: 29190499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Capillary networks surrounding skeletal muscle play an important role in not only supplying oxygen and nutrients but also in regulating the myogenesis and repair of skeletal muscle tissues. Herein, we model the early stages of 3D vascularized muscle fiber formation in vitro using a sequential molding technique to investigate interactions between angiogenesis of endothelial cells and myogenesis of skeletal muscle cells. Channelrhodopsin-2 C2C12 muscle fiber bundles and 3D vascular structures (600 μm diameter) were formed at 500 μm intervals in a collagen gel. Endothelial cells exhibited an emergent angiogenic sprouting behavior over several days, which was modulated by the muscle fiber bundle through the secretion of angiopoietin-1. Through a reciprocal response, myogenesis was also upregulated by interactions with the vascular cells, improving muscle contraction via angiopoetin-1/neuregulin-1 signaling. Moreover, continuous training of muscle tissue by optical stimulation induced significantly more angiogenic sprouting. This in vitro model could be used to better understand the formation of vascularized muscle tissues and to test the interactions between muscle growth, repair or training and angiogenesis for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Osaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek Sivathanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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81
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Abstract
Lipid mediators play a critical role in the development and resolution of vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction caused by various pathologic interventions. The accumulation of excess lipids directly impairs endothelial cell (EC) barrier function that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes as well as chronic inflammation in the vascular endothelium. Certain products of phospholipid oxidation (OxPL) such as fragmented phospholipids generated during oxidative and nitrosative stress show pro-inflammatory potential and cause endothelial barrier dysfunction. In turn, other OxPL products enhance basal EC barrier and exhibit potent barrier-protective effects in pathologic settings of acute vascular leak caused by pro-inflammatory mediators, barrier disruptive agonists and pathologic mechanical stimulation. These beneficial effects were further confirmed in rodent models of lung injury and inflammation. The bioactive oxidized lipid molecules may serve as important therapeutic prototype molecules for future treatment of acute lung injury syndromes associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation. This review will summarize recent studies of biological effects exhibited by various groups of lipid mediators with a focus on the role of oxidized phospholipids in control of vascular endothelial barrier, agonist induced EC permeability, inflammation, and barrier recovery related to clinical settings of acute lung injury and inflammatory vascular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,CONTACT Konstantin G. Birukov, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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82
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Non-muscular myosin light chain kinase triggers intermittent hypoxia-induced interleukin-6 release, endothelial dysfunction and permeability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13664. [PMID: 29057883 PMCID: PMC5651916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) which alters endothelial function, induces inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular diseases. The non-muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) isoform contributes to endothelial cell-cell junction opening. Deletion of nmMLCK protects mice from death in septic shock models and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. The aim of the study was to analyze the implication of nmMLCK in IH-induced vascular inflammation. Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to 6 hours of IH in absence or presence of nmMLCK inhibitors, ML-7 (5 µM) or PIK (150 µM). IH increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, p65-NFκB activation and IL-6 secretion. While nmMLCK inhibition did not prevent IH-induced ROS production and p65-NFκB activation, it decreased NO production and partially prevented IL-6 secretion. IH-induced IL-6 secretion and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated vesicles re-organization were inhibited in presence of the inhibitor of protein secretion, brefeldin A, or ML-7. IH increased monocytes transendothelial migration that was partially prevented by ML-7. Finally, IH reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine of aortas from wild-type but not those taken from nmMLCK-deficient mice. These results suggest that nmMLCK participates to IH-induced endothelial dysfunction resulting from cytokines secretion and endothelial permeability.
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83
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Abstract
Endothelial cells line blood vessels and provide a dynamic interface between the blood and tissues. They remodel to allow leukocytes, fluid and small molecules to enter tissues during inflammation and infections. Here we compare the signaling networks that contribute to endothelial permeability and leukocyte transendothelial migration, focusing particularly on signals mediated by small GTPases that regulate cell adhesion and the actin cytoskeleton. Rho and Rap GTPase signaling is important for both processes, but they differ in that signals are activated locally under leukocytes, whereas endothelial permeability is a wider event that affects the whole cell. Some molecules play a unique role in one of the two processes, and could therefore be targeted to selectively alter either endothelial permeability or leukocyte transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cerutti
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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84
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Morsing KSH, Peters AL, van Buul JD, Vlaar APJ. The role of endothelium in the onset of antibody-mediated TRALI. Blood Rev 2017; 32:1-7. [PMID: 28823763 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity following blood transfusion. The mechanisms behind the disease are not yet fully understood but seem to involve many different activating pathways and donor factors, in synergy with patient susceptibility. Studies have focused mostly on neutrophil activation, as aggregates of neutrophils and edema in lungs are found in post-mortem histological sections. This review aims to highlight the role of the endothelium in TRALI, as activated endothelium is the main promoter of leukocyte transmigration, and creates the barrier between blood and tissue. Since recent evidence suggests that a strong endothelial barrier prevents leukocyte transmigration and vascular leakage, we suggest that strengthening this barrier may be key to TRALI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S H Morsing
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D van Buul
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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85
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Muller WA. Transendothelial migration: unifying principles from the endothelial perspective. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:61-75. [PMID: 27558328 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transendothelial migration (TEM) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) involves a carefully orchestrated dialog of adhesion and signaling events between leukocyte and endothelial cell. This article focuses on the contribution of endothelial cells to transmigration. The initiation of TEM itself generally requires interaction of PECAM on the leukocyte with PECAM at the endothelial cell border. This is responsible for the transient elevation of cytosolic-free calcium ions in endothelium that is required for TEM and for recruitment of membrane from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC). TEM requires LBRC to move to the site at which TEM will take place and for VE-cadherin to move away. Targeting of the LBRC to this site likely precedes movement of VE-cadherin and may play a role in clearing VE-cadherin from the site of TEM. The process of TEM can be dissected into steps mediated by distinct pairs of PMN/endothelial interacting molecules. CD99 regulates a step at or close to the end of TEM. CD99 signals through soluble adenylyl cyclase to activate PKA to trigger ongoing targeted recycling of the LBRC. Paracellular transmigration predominates (≥90% of events) in the cremaster muscle circulation, but transcellular migration may be more important at sites such as the blood-brain barrier. Both processes involve many of the same molecules and recruitment of the LBRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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86
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Yan M, Zhang X, Chen A, Gu W, Liu J, Ren X, Zhang J, Wu X, Place AT, Minshall RD, Liu G. Endothelial cell SHP-2 negatively regulates neutrophil adhesion and promotes transmigration by enhancing ICAM-1-VE-cadherin interaction. FASEB J 2017; 31:4759-4769. [PMID: 28701303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mediates the firm adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells and initiates subsequent signaling that promotes their transendothelial migration (TEM). Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin plays a critical role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion, thereby controlling endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration. This study aimed to determine the molecular signaling events that originate from the ICAM-1-mediated firm adhesion of neutrophils that regulate VE-cadherin's role as a negative regulator of leukocyte transmigration. We observed that ICAM-1 interacts with Src homology domain 2-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), and SHP-2 down-regulation via silencing of small interfering RNA in endothelial cells enhanced neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells but inhibited neutrophil transmigration. We also found that VE-cadherin associated with the ICAM-1-SHP-2 complex. Moreover, whereas the activation of ICAM-1 leads to VE-cadherin dissociation from ICAM-1 and VE-cadherin association with actin, SHP-2 down-regulation prevented ICAM-1-VE-cadherin association and promoted VE-cadherin-actin association. Furthermore, SHP-2 down-regulation in vivo promoted LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment in mouse lung but delayed neutrophil extravasation. These results suggest that SHP-2-via association with ICAM-1-mediates ICAM-1-induced Src activation and modulates VE-cadherin switching association with ICAM-1 or actin, thereby negatively regulating neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and enhancing their TEM.-Yan, M., Zhang, X., Chen, A., Gu, W., Liu, J., Ren, X., Zhang, J., Wu, X., Place, A. T., Minshall, R. D., Liu, G. Endothelial cell SHP-2 negatively regulates neutrophil adhesion and promotes transmigration by enhancing ICAM-1-VE-cadherin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron T Place
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China;
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87
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Alon R, van Buul JD. Leukocyte Breaching of Endothelial Barriers: The Actin Link. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:606-615. [PMID: 28559148 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) takes place across micron-wide gaps in specific post-capillary venules generated by the transmigrating leukocyte. Because endothelial cells contain a dense cytoskeletal network, transmigrating leukocytes must overcome these mechanical barriers as they squeeze their nuclei through endothelial gaps and pores. Recent findings suggest that endothelial cells are not a passive barrier, and upon engagement by transmigrating leukocytes trigger extensive dynamic modifications of their actin cytoskeleton. Unexpectedly, endothelial contractility functions as a restrictor of endothelial gap enlargement rather than as a facilitator of gap formation as was previously suggested. In this review we discuss current knowledge regarding how accurately timed endothelial actin-remodeling events are triggered by squeezing leukocytes and coordinate leukocyte TEM while preserving blood vessel integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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88
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Aragon-Sanabria V, Pohler SE, Eswar VJ, Bierowski M, Gomez EW, Dong C. VE-Cadherin Disassembly and Cell Contractility in the Endothelium are Necessary for Barrier Disruption Induced by Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45835. [PMID: 28393886 PMCID: PMC5385522 DOI: 10.1038/srep45835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, breakdown of the endothelial barrier is critical for tumor cell extravasation through blood vessel walls and is mediated by a combination of tumor secreted soluble factors and receptor-ligand interactions. However, a complete mechanism governing tumor cell transendothelial migration remains unclear. Here, we investigate the roles of tumor-associated signals in regulating endothelial cell contractility and adherens junction disassembly leading to endothelial barrier breakdown. We show that Src mediates VE-cadherin disassembly in response to metastatic melanoma cells. Through the use of pharmacological inhibitors of cytoskeletal contractility we find that endothelial cell contractility is responsive to interactions with metastatic cancer cells and that reducing endothelial cell contractility abrogates migration of melanoma cells across endothelial monolayers. Furthermore, we find that a combination of tumor secreted soluble factors and receptor-ligand interactions mediate activation of Src within endothelial cells that is necessary for phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and for breakdown of the endothelial barrier. Together, these results provide insight into how tumor cell signals act in concert to modulate cytoskeletal contractility and adherens junctions disassembly during extravasation and may aid in identification of therapeutic targets to block metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Steven E. Pohler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vikram J. Eswar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Bierowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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89
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Dragoni S, Hudson N, Kenny BA, Burgoyne T, McKenzie JA, Gill Y, Blaber R, Futter CE, Adamson P, Greenwood J, Turowski P. Endothelial MAPKs Direct ICAM-1 Signaling to Divergent Inflammatory Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4074-4085. [PMID: 28373581 PMCID: PMC5421301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is critically dependent on intraendothelial signaling triggered by adhesion to ICAM-1. Here we show that endothelial MAPKs ERK, p38, and JNK mediate diapedesis-related and diapedesis-unrelated functions of ICAM-1 in cerebral and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). All three MAPKs were activated by ICAM-1 engagement, either through lymphocyte adhesion or Ab-mediated clustering. MAPKs were involved in ICAM-1-dependent expression of TNF-α in cerebral and dermal MVECs, and CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, VCAM-1, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in cerebral MVECs. Endothelial JNK and to a much lesser degree p38 were the principal MAPKs involved in facilitating diapedesis of CD4+ lymphocytes across both types of MVECs, whereas ERK was additionally required for TEM across dermal MVECs. JNK activity was critical for ICAM-1-induced F-actin rearrangements. Furthermore, activation of endothelial ICAM-1/JNK led to phosphorylation of paxillin, its association with VE-cadherin, and internalization of the latter. Importantly ICAM-1-induced phosphorylation of paxillin was required for lymphocyte TEM and converged functionally with VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Taken together we conclude that during lymphocyte TEM, ICAM-1 signaling diverges into pathways regulating lymphocyte diapedesis, and other pathways modulating gene expression thereby contributing to the long-term inflammatory response of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dragoni
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget-Ann Kenny
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A McKenzie
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Yadvinder Gill
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Blaber
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Adamson
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Patric Turowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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90
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Choi JY, Yoon SS, Kim SE, Ahn Jo S. KDM4B histone demethylase and G9a regulate expression of vascular adhesion proteins in cerebral microvessels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45005. [PMID: 28327608 PMCID: PMC5361151 DOI: 10.1038/srep45005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) mediates the adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium, promoting inflammation. We investigated the epigenetic mechanism regulating ICAM1 expression. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α dramatically increased ICAM1 mRNA and protein levels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells and mouse brain microvessels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that TNF-α reduced methylation of histone H3 at lysines 9 and 27 (H3K9 and H3K27), well-known residues involved in gene suppression. Inhibition of G9a and EZH2, histone methyltransferases responsible for methylation at H3K9 and H3K27, respectively as well as G9a overexpression demonstrated the involvement of G9a in TNF-α-induced ICAM1 expression and leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. A specific role for KDM4B, a histone demethylase targeting H3K9me2, in TNF-α-induced ICAM1 upregulation was validated with siRNA. Moreover, treating mice with a KDM4 inhibitor ML324 blocked TNF-α-mediated neutrophil adhesion. Similarly, TNF-α-induced VCAM1 expression was suppressed by G9a overexpression and KDM4B knockdown. Collectively, we demonstrated that modification of H3K9me2 by G9a and KDM4B regulates expression of vascular adhesion molecules, and that depletion of these proteins or KDM4B reduces inflammation-induced leukocyte extravasation. Thus, blocking ICAM1 or KDM4B could offer a novel therapeutic opportunity treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Yoon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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91
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Yang M. Microvascular pathological features and changes in related injury factors in a rat acute blood stasis model. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 37:108-15. [PMID: 29957919 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the microvascular pathological characteristics and changes in related injury
factors in a rat model of acute blood stasis. METHODS A total of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly and equally into a control group
and four experimental groups assessed at different times after the induction of stasis (0, 1, 3 or 6 h after
stasis) (n = 15). The acute blood stasis model was established through rat tail-vein injection of
high-molecular-weight dextran. After Electrocardiograph (ECG) detection at predetermined times (0,
1, 3 and 6 h after induction of stasis), the rats were sacrificed and blood and cardiac samples were harvested
for analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy were used
for histopathological detection; an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect
thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) concentrations; a real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction system was used to detect intercellular adhesion molecule
1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM-1) mRNA expression; western blotting was
used to detect vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) protein expression. RESULTS The ST segment in the ECG showed gradual elevation after induction of stasis and continued
elevation at a high level at 3 and 6 h. The HE staining showed changes in myocardial cell necrosis
and tissue dissociation after the induction of stasis, along with inflammatory infiltration. Results of
transmission electron microscopy showed immediate changes in blood stasis and lumen occlusion in
the microvasculature, along with endothelial cell swelling. After the induction of stasis, TXB2 concentrations
gradually increased while 6-Keto-PGF(1α) concentrations were immediately significantly reduced.
The TXB(2)/6-Keto-PGF(1α) ratio was maintained at a high level. ICAM-1 mRNA expression showed
an unstable elevation while VCAM-1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced after the induction
of stasis. Compared with the control group, VE-cadherin protein expression increased at 0 and 3 h after
the induction of stasis, while no change occurred at 1 and 6 h. CONCLUSION The pathological manifestations of acute blood stasis are microvascular blood retention,
lumen stenosis and even occlusion. The condition is also called "blood coagulation and weep" in
Traditional Chinese Medicine. The blood stasis model resulted in the injury and necrosis of endothelial
cells and cardiomyocytes, along with the presence of an imbalance of vasomotor factor levels, platelet
activation, and increases in the expression of adhesion molecules and endothelial barrier dysfunction,
which corresponds to "blood failed to nourish" in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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92
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Reaves DK, Hoadley KA, Fagan-Solis KD, Jima DD, Bereman M, Thorpe L, Hicks J, McDonald D, Troester MA, Perou CM, Fleming JM. Nuclear Localized LSR: A Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Behavior and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:165-178. [PMID: 27856957 PMCID: PMC5290211 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0085-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) has been found in the plasma membrane and is believed to function in lipoprotein endocytosis and tight junctions. Given the impact of cellular metabolism and junction signaling pathways on tumor phenotypes and patient outcome, it is important to understand how LSR cellular localization mediates its functions. We conducted localization studies, evaluated DNA binding, and examined the effects of nuclear LSR in cells, xenografts, and clinical specimens. We found LSR within the membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus of breast cancer cells representing multiple intrinsic subtypes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed direct binding of LSR to DNA, and sequence analysis identified putative functional motifs and post-translational modifications of the LSR protein. While neither overexpression of transcript variants, nor pharmacologic manipulation of post-translational modification significantly altered localization, inhibition of nuclear export enhanced nuclear localization, suggesting a mechanism for nuclear retention. Coimmunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays indicated LSR-pericentrin interactions, presenting potential mechanisms for nuclear-localized LSR. The clinical significance of LSR was evaluated using data from over 1,100 primary breast tumors, which showed high LSR levels in basal-like tumors and tumors from African-Americans. In tumors histosections, nuclear localization was significantly associated with poor outcomes. Finally, in vivo xenograft studies revealed that basal-like breast cancer cells that overexpress LSR exhibited both membrane and nuclear localization, and developed tumors with 100% penetrance, while control cells lacking LSR developed no tumors. These results show that nuclear LSR alters gene expression and may promote aggressive cancer phenotypes. IMPLICATIONS LSR functions in the promotion of aggressive breast cancer phenotypes and poor patient outcome via differential subcellular localization to alter cell signaling, bioenergetics, and gene expression. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 165-78. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Reaves
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katerina D Fagan-Solis
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael Bereman
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Lynnelle Thorpe
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jyla Hicks
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David McDonald
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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93
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Gillrie MR, Ho M. Dynamic interactions of Plasmodium spp. with vascular endothelium. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1268667. [PMID: 28452684 PMCID: PMC5362994 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1268667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodial species are protozoan parasites that infect erythrocytes. As such, they are in close contact with microvascular endothelium for most of the life cycle in the mammalian host. The host-parasite interactions of this stage of the infection are responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease that range from a mild febrile illness to severe and frequently fatal syndromes such as cerebral malaria and multi-organ failure. Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most severe form of malaria, is particularly predisposed to modulating endothelial function through either direct adhesion to endothelial receptor molecules, or by releasing potent host and parasite products that can stimulate endothelial activation and/or disrupt barrier function. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the current clinical and laboratory evidence for endothelial dysfunction during severe P. falciparum malaria. Future investigations using state-of-the-art technologies such as mass cytometry and organs-on-chips to further delineate parasite-endothelial cell interactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Gillrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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94
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Leukocyte Kinetics and Migration in the Lungs. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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95
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Garrett JP, Lowery AM, Adam AP, Kowalczyk AP, Vincent PA. Regulation of endothelial barrier function by p120-catenin∙VE-cadherin interaction. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:85-97. [PMID: 27852896 PMCID: PMC5221632 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining VE-cadherin levels by inhibiting its endocytosis through p120-catenin binding is not sufficient for forming a restrictive barrier. Instead, p120-catenin binding to VE-cadherin is required to allow tyrosine-phosphorylated VE-cadherin to contribute to barrier formation. Endothelial p120-catenin (p120) maintains the level of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad) by inhibiting VE-Cad endocytosis. Loss of p120 results in a decrease in VE-Cad levels, leading to the formation of monolayers with decreased barrier function (as assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance [TEER]), whereas overexpression of p120 increases VE-Cad levels and promotes a more restrictive monolayer. To test whether reduced endocytosis mediated by p120 is required for VE-Cad formation of a restrictive barrier, we restored VE-Cad levels using an endocytic-defective VE-Cad mutant. This endocytic-defective mutant was unable to rescue the loss of TEER associated with p120 or VE-Cad depletion. In contrast, the endocytic-defective mutant was able to prevent sprout formation in a fibrin bead assay, suggesting that p120•VE-Cad interaction regulates barrier function and angiogenic sprouting through different mechanisms. Further investigation found that depletion of p120 increases Src activity and that loss of p120 binding results in increased VE-Cad phosphorylation. In addition, expression of a Y658F–VE-Cad mutant or an endocytic-defective Y658F–VE-Cad double mutant were both able to rescue TEER independently of p120 binding. Our results show that in addition to regulating endocytosis, p120 also allows the phosphorylated form of VE-Cad to participate in the formation of a restrictive monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and.,Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307.,Department of Dermatology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307
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96
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Zakharova VV, Pletjushkina OY, Zinovkin RA, Popova EN, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Treatment of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:904-912. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V. Zakharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
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97
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Gong Y, Zhang Y, Feng S, Liu X, Lü S, Long M. Dynamic contributions of P- and E-selectins to β2-integrin-induced neutrophil transmigration. FASEB J 2016; 31:212-223. [PMID: 27825101 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600398rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration is a key step in their recruitment to sites of inflammation. However, synergic regulation of endothelium-expressed selectins on leukocyte transmigration remains unclear. In this study, an in vitro model was developed to investigate the dynamic contributions of P- and E-selectin to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration under static conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPS for 4 or 12 h to induce different expression of selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. PMN transmigration was increased significantly by LPS stimulation, which was higher on 4-h than on 12-h LPS-treated HUVECs. Blocking and competitive tests indicated that P-selectin engages PSGL-1 to activate β2-integrin and initiate PMN transmigration within the first 15 min, whereas E-selectin engages CD44 to influence PMN transmigration after 15 min. P- and E-selectin-induced β2-integrin activation is likely conducted through the spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. Complicated complementary and competitive mechanisms are involved in the interaction of P-/E-selectins and their ligands to promote PMN transmigration. These results provide direct evidence of the distinct and dynamic contribution of P- and E-selectins in mediating PMN transmigration and give new insight into PMN interaction with the vessel wall.-Gong, Y., Zhang, Y., Feng, S., Liu, X., Lü, S., Long, M. Dynamic contributions of P- and E-selectins to β2-integrin-induced neutrophil transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Gong
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Feng
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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98
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Biomimetic carriers mimicking leukocyte plasma membrane to increase tumor vasculature permeability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34422. [PMID: 27703233 PMCID: PMC5050497 DOI: 10.1038/srep34422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of nanomedicine have demonstrated that biomimicry can further improve targeting properties of current nanotechnologies while simultaneously enable carriers with a biological identity to better interact with the biological environment. Immune cells for example employ membrane proteins to target inflamed vasculature, locally increase vascular permeability, and extravasate across inflamed endothelium. Inspired by the physiology of immune cells, we recently developed a procedure to transfer leukocyte membranes onto nanoporous silicon particles (NPS), yielding Leukolike Vectors (LLV). LLV are composed of a surface coating containing multiple receptors that are critical in the cross-talk with the endothelium, mediating cellular accumulation in the tumor microenvironment while decreasing vascular barrier function. We previously demonstrated that lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) transferred onto LLV was able to trigger the clustering of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells. Herein, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of the working mechanism of LLV in vitro in activating this pathway and in vivo in enhancing vascular permeability. Our results suggest the biological activity of the leukocyte membrane can be retained upon transplant onto NPS and is critical in providing the particles with complex biological functions towards tumor vasculature.
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99
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Small GTPases and their guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins in neutrophil recruitment. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:44-54. [PMID: 26619317 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review describes the roles of Rho- and Rap-guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and of their activators, guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inhibitors, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), in neutrophil recruitment from the blood stream into inflamed tissues, with a focus on recently identified roles in neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified important roles of Rho- and Rap-GTPases, and of their GEFs and GAPs, in the neutrophil recruitment cascade. These proteins control the upregulation and/or activation of adhesion molecules on the surface of neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets, and they alter cell/cell adhesion in the vascular endothelium. This enables the capture of neutrophils from the blood stream, their migration along and through the vessel wall, and their passage into the inflamed tissue. In particular, it has recently become clear that P-Rex and Vav family Rac-GEFs in platelets are crucial for neutrophil recruitment. SUMMARY These recent findings have contributed greatly to our understanding of the signalling pathways that control neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation and have opened up new avenues of research in this field.
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Abstract
The entry of leukocytes into tissues requires well-coordinated interactions between the immune cells and endothelial cells which form the inner lining of blood vessels. The molecular basis for recognition, capture, and adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial apical surface is well studied. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of events following the firm interaction of leukocytes with the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. We will discuss how leukocytes initiate the transmigration (diapedesis) process, trigger the opening of gaps in the endothelial barrier, and eventually move through this boundary.
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