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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Ahmadi-Koulaei S, Delnavazi MR. Free Radical Scavenging Principles of Salvia reuterana Boiss. Aerial Parts. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:283-290. [PMID: 33224234 PMCID: PMC7667560 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvia reuterana Boiss. is an aromatic perennial plant traditionally used for its anxiolytic and sedative properties. In the present study, various fractions and essential oil of S. reuterana aerial parts were investigated to find its free radical scavenging principles. Hydroalcoholic fraction with IC50 value of 112.6 ±3.2 μg mL-1 in DPPH assay demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity and was selected to further phytochemical investigation. RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography of the hydroalcoholic fraction resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of four phenolic derivatives, including apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rosmarinic acid (3), and luteolin (4). Isolated compounds showed potent free radical scavenging activities (5.1-34.2 μg mL-1), compared with BHT (21.30 ± 1.9 μg mL-1). Twenty four compounds were also identified in GC-MS analysis of the plant essential oil, of which benzyl benzoate (26.64%), n-hexyl benzoate (22.99%) and n-hexyl isovalerate (6.04%) were the main compounds. The results of the present study introduced S. reuterana as a valuable source of natural phenolic antioxidants which can be utilized in prevention of oxidative stress related diseases. Moreover, interesting composition of S. reuterana essential oil, dominated by non-terpenes compounds (76.17%) especially aromatic derivatives, make it an appropriate candidate for more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hadjiakhoondi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sheyda Ahmadi-Koulaei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park CM, Song YS. Luteolin and luteolin-7- O-glucoside protect against acute liver injury through regulation of inflammatory mediators and antioxidative enzymes in GalN/LPS-induced hepatitic ICR mice. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:473-479. [PMID: 31814922 PMCID: PMC6883227 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.6.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were compared in galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitic ICR mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: normal control, GalN/LPS, luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside groups. The latter two groups were administered luteolin or luteolin-7-O-glucoside (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for 3 weeks after which hepatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of GalN and LPS (1 g/kg BW and 10 µg/kg BW, respectively). RESULTS GalN/LPS produced acute hepatic injury by a sharp increase in serum AST, ALT, and TNF-α levels, increases that were ameliorated in the experimental groups. In addition, markedly increased expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, were also significantly attenuated in the experimental groups. Compared to luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin more potently ameliorated the levels of inflammatory mediators. Phase II enzymes levels and NF-E2 p45-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation that were decreased by GalN/LPS were increased by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside administration. In addition, compared to luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside acted as a more potent inducer of changes in phase II enzymes. Liver histopathology results were consistent with the mediator and enzyme results. CONCLUSION Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside protect against GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through the regulation of inflammatory mediators and phase II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Song
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea
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Lee S, Lee J, Lee H, Sung J. Relative protective activities of quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and rutin in alcohol-induced liver injury. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13002. [PMID: 31378953 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver diseases has been known to be one of the major health risks worldwide. The purpose of this study was aimed to demonstrate the relative protective effect of quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and rutin on alcohol-induced damage in hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity, antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms, and pro-inflammatory mediators were examined for evaluating the hepatoprotective effects of quercetins in hepG2 cells. The results revealed that quercetin and its glucoside derivatives significantly prevented ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic aminotransferase activities and inflammatory response in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the quercetins significantly induced detoxifying enzymes via the nuclear accumulation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and induction of antioxidant response element (ARE) gene. These hepatoprotective activities were observed to be more effective with quercetin aglycone than quercetin glucosides. From the above findings, the present study imply that quercetin aglycone may have a vital function in the therapeutic and preventive strategies of alcoholic liver diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Quercetin is commonly present in fruits and vegetables as aglycone and glucoside-derived forms. In the present study, quercetin and its glycosides was shown to alleviate oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced HepG2 cells via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway. Moreover, quercetin aglycone had better protective effects against alcohol-induced liver damage in vitro, compared to its glycosylated form. The present study proposed that quercetin aglycone may be a more efficient hepatoprotective agent than its glucoside derivatives such as rutin in the amelioration of alcohol-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Investigating the Effect of Luteolin on Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.58271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Lodhi S, Vadnere GP, Patil KD, Patil TP. Protective effects of luteolin on injury induced inflammation through reduction of tissue uric acid and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:60-69. [PMID: 31956559 PMCID: PMC6957812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Luteolin belongs to flavone group of flavonoids, present in many plants with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. The objective of present study was to investigate protective effect of luteolin on injury induced inflammation via Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induced and Acetaminophen (AMP) induced liver injury in rats. Experimental procedure Protective effect of luteolin was observed by measurement of rat paw edema, lysosomal enzymes, antioxidants status and cytokine level. Measurement of uric acid level and neutrophil infiltration were done in AMP induced liver injury in rats. Luteolin was tested at 30 and 50 mg/kg doses and compare with colchicine. Results and conclusion Luteolin significantly decreases paw edema in dose dependent manner compare to control group in MSU crystal-induced rats. Luteolin (50 mg/kg) was showed significant decrease in serum level of oxidative and lysosomal enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (39.28 ± 3.17), interleukin (IL)-1β (12.07 ± 1.24), and IL-6 (24.72 ± 2.52) in MSU crystal-induced rats. In AMP induced liver injury, tissue uric acid level and myeloperoxidase were decreased significantly after treatment with luteolin as well as N-acetylcysteine. Serum level of liver enzymes was significantly reduced after treatment with luteolin. Histological observation of ankle joints and liver was support to protective effect of luteolin at both doses. In conclusion, luteolin showed anti-inflammatory effect through restoration of cytokine level, lysosomal enzymes level and antioxidants status. The reduction of liver tissue uric acid content may be one of the mechanisms for protective effect of luteolin. It can contribute to reduce injury induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santram Lodhi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Jalgaon 425107, M. S, India
| | - Gautam P Vadnere
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Jalgaon 425107, M. S, India
| | - Kiran D Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Jalgaon 425107, M. S, India
| | - Tushar P Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda, Jalgaon 425107, M. S, India
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Smith C, Swart A. Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) - a functional food targeting cardiovascular disease. Food Funct 2019; 9:5041-5058. [PMID: 30183052 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing consumer bias toward natural products and the considerable wealth of indigenous knowledge has precipitated an upturn in market-driven research into potentially beneficial medicinal plants. In this context, Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) has been identified to be a promising candidate which may impact cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most widely studied chronic diseases of modern times. Despite these efforts, ischemic heart disease remains the number one cause of mortality globally. Apart from genetic predisposition and other aetiological mechanisms specific to particular types of CVD, co-factors from interlinked systems contribute significantly to disease development and the severity of its clinical manifestation. The bioactivity of Rooibos is directed towards multiple therapeutic targets. Experimental data to date include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, as well as modulatory effects in terms of the immune system, adrenal steroidogenesis and lipid metabolism. This review integrates relevant literature on the therapeutic potential of Rooibos in the context of CVD, which is currently the most common of non-communicable diseases. The therapeutic value of whole plant extracts versus isolated active ingredients are addressed, together with the potential for overdose or herb-drug interaction. The body of research undertaken to date clearly underlines the benefits of Rooibos as both preventative and complementary therapeutic functional food in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Development of a Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Porcine Host Defense Peptide-Inducing Compounds. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5492941. [PMID: 30581875 PMCID: PMC6276403 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5492941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel alternatives to antibiotics are needed for the swine industry, given increasing restrictions on subtherapeutic use of antibiotics. Augmenting the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) has emerged as a promising antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and prevention. To facilitate the identification of HDP inducers for swine use, we developed a stable luciferase reporter cell line, IPEC-J2/PBD3-luc, through permanent integration of a luciferase reporter gene driven by a 1.1 kb porcine β-defensin 3 (PBD3) gene promoter in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells. Such a stable reporter cell line was employed in a high-throughput screening of 148 epigenetic compounds and 584 natural products, resulting in the identification of 41 unique hits with a minimum strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) value of 3.0. Among them, 13 compounds were further confirmed to give at least a 5-fold increase in the luciferase activity in the stable reporter cell line, with 12 being histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Eight compounds were subsequently observed to be comparable to sodium butyrate in inducing PBD3 mRNA expression in parental IPEC-J2 cells in the low micromolar range. Six HDAC inhibitors including suberoylanilide hydroxamine (SAHA), HC toxin, apicidin, panobinostat, SB939, and LAQ824 were additionally found to be highly effective HDP inducers in a porcine 3D4/31 macrophage cell line. Besides PBD3, other HDP genes such as PBD2 and cathelicidins (PG1–5) were concentration-dependently induced by those compounds in both IPEC-J2 and 3D4/31 cells. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of 3D4/31 cells were augmented following 24 h exposure to HDAC inhibitors. In conclusion, a cell-based high-throughput screening assay was developed for the discovery of porcine HDP inducers, and newly identified HDP-inducing compounds may have potential to be developed as alternatives to antibiotics for applications in swine and possibly other animal species.
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Aziz N, Kim MY, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin: A review of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:342-358. [PMID: 29801717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luteolin (3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) has been identified as commonly present in plants. Plants with a high luteolin content have been used ethnopharmacologically to treat inflammation-related symptoms. Both isolated luteolin and extracts from luteolin-rich plants have been studied using various models and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper uses recent research findings with a broad range of study models to describe the anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin, particularly its mechanisms at the molecular level; provide guidance for future research; and evaluate the feasibility of developing luteolin into an anti-inflammatory drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS We summarize reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin published since 2009, which we found in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. To acquire broad information, we extended our search to online FDA documents. RESULTS Luteolin is a flavonoid commonly found in medicinal plants and has strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Some of its derivatives, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, have also shown anti-inflammatory activity. The action mechanism of luteolin varies, but Src in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, MAPK in the activator protein (AP)- 1 pathway, and SOCS3 in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway are its major target transcription factors. A clinical trial with a formulation containing luteolin showed excellent therapeutic effect against inflammation-associated diseases. CONCLUSION In silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies strongly suggest that the major pharmacological mechanism of luteolin is its anti-inflammatory activity, which derives from its regulation of transcription factors such as STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1. Much work remains to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of luteolin before it can be used to treat inflammation-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aziz
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Nunes C, Almeida L, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. Luteolin suppresses the JAK/STAT pathway in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2018; 8:387-396. [PMID: 28067377 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with a lower efficacy and with several side effects that strongly affect the quality of life of IBD patients. Consequently, the development of new therapies, combining efficacy and safety is an important goal in the field of intestinal inflammation. In this context, evidence supports that polyphenols can be promising candidates due to their ability to modulate intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades. Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in several models of inflammation. However, its action against intestinal inflammation has been poorly explored. Therefore, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about the potential impact of luteolin in the intestinal inflammation, particularly regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which luteolin can exert its anti-inflammatory action. We assessed the potential anti-inflammatory effect of luteolin in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation using cytokine-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells, and the underlying key molecular mechanisms were identified. Luteolin significantly inhibited interleukine-8 (IL-8) production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (˙NO) overproduction induced by cytokines, indicating that luteolin negatively modulates key inflammatory signalling cascades underlying intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway was identified as a critical mechanism by which luteolin exerts its intestinal anti-inflammatory action. This study uncovers novel molecular mechanisms by which luteolin may act against intestinal inflammation, which might support the use of luteolin as a future therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor Almeida
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Insights into the importance of dietary chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangju)-wolfberry (Lycium barbarum fruit) combination in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Food Res Int 2018; 116:810-818. [PMID: 30717012 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary chrysanthemum flower and wolfberry alone or together are widely consumed as a health beverage on a daily basis for centuries. The study aims to evaluate combinative effects of flower heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangju (C) and Lycium barbarum fruit (wolfberry, W) served as tea on chemical compounds, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eight phenolics were mainly detected in chrysanthemum flowers, whereas polysaccharides were dominant in wolfberry. The infusion of five combinations showed significantly antioxidant activities positively associated with the chrysanthemum flower content in chemical methods (ORAC and FRAP). However, the cellular-based CAA assay exhibited the highest antioxidant activities of the infusion at C:W = 1:1, indicating a synergistic interaction (CI = 0.11, P < .01). Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of infusion, specifically at a combination of C:W = 1:1, was observed by reducing the LPS-induced nitric oxide production, and inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA (P < .05). The infusion prepared at a C:W = 1:1 was found to inactivate MAPKs (ERK and JNK) and NF-κB. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be attributed to acacetin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid from chrysanthemum flower, and wolfberry polysaccharide via multiple inflammatory pathways.
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The Flavone Luteolin Improves Central Nervous System Disorders by Different Mechanisms: A Review. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:491-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Corrêa MFP, Ventura TLB, Muzitano MF, Dos Anjos da Cruz E, Bergonzi MC, Bilia AR, Rossi-Bergmann B, Soares Costa S. Suppressive effects of Vochysia divergens aqueous leaf extract and its 5-methoxyflavone on murine macrophages and lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:77-85. [PMID: 29626672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae), popularly known as "Cambará", is a tree that is resistant to the seasonal floods in the Pantanal, and usually found in monodominant stands called "Cambarazal". The inhabitants of the Pantanal exploit this tree for medicinal uses. Infusions and decoctions of its leaves are taken as teas, particularly for the treatment of asthma, flu and diarrhea, according to the local tradition transmitted empirically through the generations. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the beneficial health effects related to the ethnomedicinal uses of V. divergens (Vd) by using biomonitored fractionation of an aqueous leaf extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous leaf extract was obtained by decoction, and then the extract was fractionated by a combination of separation techniques including precipitation, organic partition and chromatography. Chromatographic analyses of the active samples were carried out using HPLC-DAD-MS. Flavonoid 1 was isolated from the n-BuOH fraction through classic chromatographic techniques. The inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity of the Vd extract, fractions and flavonoid 1 on NO and TNF-α production were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures. Additionally, suppression on the proliferation of BALB/c lymphocytes was estimated by [3H] thymidine incorporation. The antioxidant activity of the samples was verified by SNP and DPPH assays and the suppression of the iNOS protein expression was evaluated through Western blotting. RESULTS The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the Vd extract led to the identification of 5-methoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (4) and the tannin galloyl-HHDP-glucopyranoside (3), besides the main flavonoid 3',5-dimethoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), which was biologically evaluated in comparison with luteolin aglycone. The Vd extract, n-BuOH fraction and flavonoid 1 inhibited NO and TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. The reduction of NO levels was mediated mainly by suppression of the iNOS expression. In addition, both the Vd extract (IC50 13.6 µg/mL) and flavonoid 1 (IC50 19.8 µg/mL; 41.6 µM) strongly inhibited stimulated lymphocyte proliferation when compared to the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (IC50 43.8 µg/mL; 36.4 µM). The Vd extract also showed a scavenging activity toward DPPH and NO free radicals. This is the first report describing the immunomodulatory potential of V. divergens and its major flavonoid (1). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the aqueous leaf extract of V. divergens and its flavonoid reduced the production of excessive pro-inflammatory markers, collaborating with the Pantanal folk medicinal tradition that recommends the tea of cambará leaves for both asthma and flu. In addition, this study contributes to the knowledge of the pharmacological properties of 5-methoxy flavones, a poorly investigated subclass of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Paresqui Corrêa
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - UENF, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Frazão Muzitano
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - UENF, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Dos Anjos da Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sônia Soares Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Luteoloside Protects the Uterus from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Injury. Inflammation 2018; 41:1702-1716. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Nho JH, Jung HK, Lee MJ, Jang JH, Sim MO, Jeong DE, Cho HW, Kim JC. Beneficial Effects of Cynaroside on Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:133-141. [PMID: 29686775 PMCID: PMC5903139 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin are effectively used more than radiotherapy. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug, used for treatment of various forms of cancer. However, it has side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity increases tubular damage and renal dysfunction. Consequently, we investigated the beneficial effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury using HK-2 cell (human proximal tubule cell line) and an animal model. Results indicated that 10 μM cynaroside diminished cisplatin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activation, cisplatin-induced upregulation of caspase-3/MST-1 pathway decreased by treatment of cynaroside in HK-2 cells. To confirm the effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vivo, we used cisplatin exposure animal model (20 mg/kg, balb/c mice, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Renal dysfunction, tubular damage and neutrophilia induced by cisplatin injection were decreased by cynaroside (10 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Results indicated that cynaroside decreased cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vitro and in vivo, and it could be used for improving cisplatin-induced side effects. However, further experiments are required regarding toxicity by high dose cynaroside and caspase-3/MST-1-linked signal transduction in the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Nho
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Ho-Kyung Jung
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mu-Jin Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Jang
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Sim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee SB, Shin JS, Han HS, Lee HH, Park JC, Lee KT. Kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata inhibits LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through inactivation of NF-κB, AP-1, and JAK-STAT in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:101-111. [PMID: 29470957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside (KPG), a natural flavonol isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata, has been reported to exert anti-cancer effects; however, its anti-inflammatory effects have not yet been reported. In this study, we demonstrate the suppressive effect of KPG on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. KPG downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein level and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at the mRNA level in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism, demonstrating that KPG attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation, inhibiting κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and IκB kinaseα/β (IKKα/β) phosphorylation. KPG additionally reduced LPS-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity by inhibiting c-Fos expression in the nucleus, though c-Jun was not affected. Furthermore, we revealed that KPG significantly abrogated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 (Ser 727, Tyr 701) and STAT3 (Tyr 705) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2, its upstream activating proteins. Taken together, our data suggest that KPG induces anti-inflammatory activity by blocking NF-κB, AP-1, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, thus suppressing inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resourses, Suncheon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Maatouk M, Mustapha N, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Chaaban H, Abed B, Iaonnou I, Ghedira K, Ghoul M, Ghedira LC. Thermal treatment of luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside improves its immunomodulatory and antioxidant potencies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:775-785. [PMID: 28578499 PMCID: PMC5655366 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals extracted from flowers, roots and bark, leaves, and other plant sources have been used extensively throughout human history with varying levels of efficacy in prevention and treatment of disease. Recently, advanced methods for characterization and clinical use of these materials have allowed modern understanding of their properties to be used as immunomodulatory agents that act by enhancement of endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms, avoiding interference with normal physiologic signaling and highly effective medical treatment with minimal adverse side effects. Simple methods have been identified for improving their biological effects, such as thermal conditioning by heating or freezing-prominent example being heat treatment of lycopene and tetrahydrocannabinol. The present investigation shows improvement of the ability of heat to augment splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activities, and antioxidant capacity of the flavonoid luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (L7G) in comparison with the native (non heat-treated) molecule, while further demonstrating that both the native and the heat-treated variants exhibit comparable antioxidant properties, as evidenced by their effects in macrophages by inhibition of nitric oxide production and lysosomal enzyme activity in experiments that strengthen lysosomal membrane integrity. Outcomes of these studies suggest that heat-treated L7G shows promise for use in immunotherapy, including anti-cancer regimens, as shown by its improvement of NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Maatouk
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hind Chaaban
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, ENSAIA-INPL, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Besma Abed
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Irina Iaonnou
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, ENSAIA-INPL, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ghoul
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, ENSAIA-INPL, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Leila Chekir Ghedira
- Unité des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Şeker Karatoprak G, İlgün S, Koşar M. Phenolic Composition, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28502116 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. (Rosaceae) aerial parts extracts. Chemical composition was analyzed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. The antioxidant properties assessed included DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid co-oxidation assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with disc diffusion and micro dilution method. In order to evaluate toxicity of the extracts, with the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay L929 cell line (mouse fibroblast) was used. The anti-inflammatory activities of the potent antioxidant extracts (methanol, 70% methanol, and water extracts) were determined by measuring the inhibitory effects on NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 70% methanol and water extracts which were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (184.79 and 172.60 mg GAE/g extract) showed higher antioxidant activity. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside was the main compound in the extracts. Ethyl acetate and 70% methanol extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis with MIC value of 125 μg/ml. 70% methanol extract potentially inhibited the NO and TNF-α production (18.43 μm and 1556.22 pg/ml, respectively, 6 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Müberra Koşar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimağusa, Mersin, 10, Turkey
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Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, inhibits methylglyoxal induced apoptosis via the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7877. [PMID: 28801605 PMCID: PMC5554232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) accumulation has been observed in human cerebrospinal fluid and body tissues under hyperglycaemic conditions. Recent research has demonstrated that MG-induces neuronal cell apoptosis, which promotes the development of diabetic encephalopathy. Our previous animal study has shown that luteolin, a natural flavonoid, attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. To further explore the neuroprotective properties of luteolin, we investigated the inhibitive effect of luteolin on MG-induced apoptosis in PC12 neuronal cells. We found that MG inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with Luteolin significantly elevated cell viability, reduced MG-induced apoptosis, inhibited the activation of the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway, and decreased pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Cytochrome C as well as caspase-3. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, significantly reduced the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Therefore, these observations unambiguously suggest that the inhibitive effect of Luteolin against MG-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is associated with inhibition of the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.
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Hashemzaei M, Abdollahzadeh M, Iranshahi M, Golmakani E, Rezaee R, Tabrizian K. Effects of luteolin and luteolin-morphine co-administration on acute and chronic pain and sciatic nerve ligated-induced neuropathy in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.2017.14.issue-1/jcim-2016-0066/jcim-2016-0066.xml. [PMID: 28282295 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common condition accompanied by nerve injury. To date, there is no definite treatment approved for this disorder. In addition, many drugs that are used for NP cause adverse reactions. Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with diverse pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer. We sought to investigate luteolin effects on chronic, acute and neuropathic pain as well as its potential to increase morphine anti-nociceptive effects in mice. Methods Albino mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into 14 groups (n=7) including morphine 1 mg/kg body weight +luteolin (5 mg/kg body weight), morphine (9 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), luteolin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight), imipramine 40 mg/kg body weight and normal saline (NS) (0.9 %) as vehicle and subjected to hot plate test. Formalin test was done in the following groups: NS, diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), morphine (9 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) and luteolin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight). Results Administration of luteolin single dose (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced neuropathic pain ( p<0.05$\rm{p}<0.05$) in comparison to negative control. Anti-nociceptive effects of luteolin were comparable to imipramine as the standard positive control ( p<0.001$\rm{p}<0.001$). Co-administration of luteolin and morphine potentiated morphine 1 mg/kg body weight painkilling effects ( p<0.001$\rm{p}<0.001$). Conclusions Our results showed that luteolin alone reduces neuropathic pain. Furthermore, when co-administered with morphine 1 mg/kg body weight, luteolin potentiates morphine effects. Therefore, luteolin-morphine co-administration might be a valuable alternative for the conventional treatment.
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70
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Almeida VG, Avelar-Freitas BA, Santos MG, Costa LA, Silva TJ, Pereira WF, Amorim MLL, Grael CFF, Gregório LE, Rocha-Vieira E, Brito-Melo GEA. Inhibitory effect of the Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng) R.M. King & H. Rob. aqueous extract on human lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and TNF-α production in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5163. [PMID: 28700031 PMCID: PMC5505519 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20175163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Asteraceae) is a plant commonly known as arnica-do-campo and belongs to the native flora of the Brazilian Cerrado. The alcoholic extract of the plant has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine, but the biological mechanism of action has not been elucidated. The present study evaluated the composition of P. brasiliensis aqueous extract and its effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. The extracts were prepared by sequential maceration of P. brasiliensis leaves in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water. Extract cytotoxicity was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay, and apoptosis and necrosis were measured by staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. The ethanolic (ETA) and acetate (ACE) extracts showed cytotoxic effects. The aqueous extract (AQU) was not cytotoxic. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin and treated with AQU (100 μg/mL) showed reduced interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. AQU also inhibited lymphocyte proliferative response after nonspecific stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The aqueous extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry. Quinic acid and its derivatives 5-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, as well as the flavonoids luteolin and luteolin dihexoside, were detected. All these compounds are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that P. brasiliensis aqueous extract can inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and proliferative response of lymphocytes. These effects may be related to the presence of chemical substances with anti-inflammatory actions previously reported in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Almeida
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - B A Avelar-Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M G Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - L A Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - T J Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - W F Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M L L Amorim
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - C F F Grael
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - L E Gregório
- Laboratório de Insumos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - E Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - G E A Brito-Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunologia, Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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Muller CJF, Malherbe CJ, Chellan N, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Joubert E. Potential of rooibos, its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, and Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:227-246. [PMID: 27305453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan.,d Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa.,e Department of Food Science , Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Shi L, Zhao F, Zhu F, Liang Y, Yang F, Zhang G, Xu L, Yin L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula "Xiaofeng granules" suppressed gouty arthritis animal models and inhibited the proteoglycan degradation on chondrocytes induced by monosodium urate. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:254-263. [PMID: 27267827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaofeng Granules (XF) is a kind of granules prepared by the famous traditional Chinese medicine formula for its efficiency in treating gouty diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the relevance between XF that made from Modified simiaowan (MSW) as the anti-gouty arthritis drugs and protective mechanisms for cartilage matrix in order to provide the evidence for new drug application. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the anti-gouty arthritis activity of XF in rats and rabbits models induced by MSU together with chondrocytes focusing on the link to proteoglycan degradation in vitro studies. RESULTS The results demonstrated that XF significantly reduced the swelling rate and attenuated the pathological changes in joints. The XF-containing serum were used medicated serum in cellular experiments. The in vitro data were in accordance with the in vivo results, showing that the constituents in XF-containing serum had obvious inhibitory effects on the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators in chondrocytes. Moreover, XF-containing serum substantially inhibited MSU-induced expression of glycosaminoglycans(GAG) and hydroxyproline(Hyp), and up regulated proteoglycan, which might be associated with the regulation of the balance of MMP-3/TIMP-1and ADAMTS-4/TIMP-3 inchondrocytes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, XF that made from MSW showed obvious effects on acute gouty arthritis, which also provided an effective protection on cartilage matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Yuqiong Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China.
| | - Lian Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023 PR China.
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Lim H, Noh JR, Kim YH, Hwang JH, Kim KS, Choi DH, Go MJ, Han SS, Oh WK, Lee CH. Anti-atherogenic effect of Humulus japonicus in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1101-10. [PMID: 27600281 PMCID: PMC5029972 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humulus japonicus (HJ) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea owing to its multiple properties including anti-mycobacterial, antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects of a methanol extract of HJ. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, HJ significantly suppressed the mRNA expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6)], and the release of inflammatory mediators such as nitrite and prostaglandin E2, together with a concomitant decrease in the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. To examine whether HJ is capable of inhibiting experimental atherogenesis in an animal model, we randomly divided apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice into three groups: mice fed an atherogenic diet plus vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) as the control vehicle group, and mice fed an atherogenic diet plus either 100 (HJ100) or 500 mg/kg (HJ500) of HJ as the experimental groups. After 12 weeks of HJ administration, lipid accumulation and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta (en face) and the aortic sinus markedly decreased in the HJ500 group compared with the corresponding values in the vehicle control group. Moreover, monocyte and macrophage infiltration in the aortic sinus was markedly reduced in the HJ500 group. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the whole aorta showed that the mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, CD68 and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the HJ500 group. Collectively, these findings suggest that HJ may suppress atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and the expression of pro-atherogenic factors, and it may be effective at preventing the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haian Lim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Seop Han
- Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Zang Y, Igarashi K, Li Y. Anti-diabetic effects of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside on KK-A
y mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1580-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-diabetic potential of luteolin (LU) and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUG) were investigated in the amount of equimolar on KK-Ay mice. The results showed that both of LU and LUG significantly improved blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMR-IR levels. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the LU and LUG were also proved. Furthermore, TGs in serum and liver were significantly decreased in the LU and LUG groups, as well as the mRNA expression of fat acid expression-related genes (SREBP-1c), compared to the basal diet group (CON). When compared the effects between the LU and LUG groups, TGs of the LU group were lower than those of the LUG group, accompanied with significantly decreased FAS activity and SREBP-1c expression in liver. These results suggested that both LU and LUG had positive effects of anti-diabetes on KK-Ay mice, but LU more potently ameliorated diabetes than LUG, which might be attributed to the inhibitory of lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zang
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Kiharu Igarashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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75
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Kure A, Nakagawa K, Kondo M, Kato S, Kimura F, Watanabe A, Shoji N, Hatanaka S, Tsushida T, Miyazawa T. Metabolic Fate of Luteolin in Rats: Its Relationship to Anti-inflammatory Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4246-4254. [PMID: 27170112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavone that reportedly has anti-inflammatory effects. Because most luteolin is conjugated following intestinal absorption, free luteolin is likely present at low levels in the body. Therefore, luteolin metabolites are presumably responsible for luteolin bioactivity. Here we confirmed that luteolin glucuronides, especially luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide, are the major metabolites found in plasma after oral administration of luteolin (aglycone) or luteolin glucoside (luteolin-7-O-glucoside) to rats. Luteolin-4'-O-glucuronide and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide were also detectable together with luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. Next, we prepared these luteolin glucuronides and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin and luteolin glucuronides on gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. Luteolin glucuronides, especially luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, reduced expression of inflammatory genes in the cells, although their effects were weaker than those of luteolin. These results indicate that the active compound responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of luteolin in vivo would be luteolin glucuronide and/or residual luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kure
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Momoko Kondo
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Watanabe
- Food Function Research Team, Saito Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Naoki Shoji
- Miyagi Prefecture Watari Agricultural Promotion Center , Watari, Miyagi 989-2301, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hatanaka
- Industrial Technology Institute, Miyagi Prefectural Government , Sendai, Miyagi 981-3206, Japan
| | - Tojiro Tsushida
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University , Sendai, Miyagi 982-0215, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
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76
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Kanai K, Hatta T, Nagata S, Sugiura Y, Sato K, Yamashita Y, Kimura Y, Itoh N. Luteolin attenuates endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1229-35. [PMID: 27098110 PMCID: PMC5053922 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of luteolin on
endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. EIU was induced in Lewis rats by subcutaneous
injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hr before the LPS injection, 0.1, 1 or 10
mg/kg luteolin or 1 mg/kg prednisolone was intraperitoneally injected. We investigated its
effect upon clinical scores, cellular infiltration and protein leakage, as well as on the
level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the
aqueous humor (AqH). Histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis in the
iris-ciliary body (ICB) were performed to determine the expressions of cyclooxygenase
(COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and then the activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB
p65, I kappa B (IκB)-α degradation, phosphorylated (p)-IκB kinase (IKK) α/β and activator
protein (AP)-1 c-Jun. Luteolin suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the clinical
scores, number of inflammatory cells, the protein concentration, and the TNF-α, NO and
PGE2 levels in the AqH and improved the histiologic status of the ocular tissue. Luteolin
suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the activated NF-κB p65, IκB-α
degradation, p-IKKα/β and AP-1 p-c-Jun in the ICB. The anti-inflammatory potency of 10
mg/kg luteolin was as strong as that observed with 1 mg/kg prednisolone. These results
demonstrate that luteolin attenuates ocular inflammation by inhibiting expression and
release of inflammatory markers, along with the inhibition of the activated NF-κB pathway
and at least partly AP-1 activity in the ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine I, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Funaro A, Wu X, Song M, Zheng J, Guo S, Rakariyatham K, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Xiao H. Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activities by the Combination of Luteolin and Tangeretin. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1320-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Funaro
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum-Univ, di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Xian Wu
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
| | - Mingyue Song
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
- Inst. of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Business; Univ. of Jinan; Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | | | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum-Univ, di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Hang Xiao
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass U.S.A
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Hunan Agricultural Univ; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
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78
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Moniruzzaman M, Bose S, Kim YM, Chin YW, Cho J. The ethyl acetate fraction from Physalis alkekengi inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in BV2 cells and inflammatory pain in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:26-36. [PMID: 26806571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis alkekengi is an edible herb whose fruit and calyx are traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases including inflammation, toothache, and rheumatism. However, the effects of Physalis alkekengi fruit along with its calyx (PAF) on neuroinflammation and inflammatory pain behavior have not been reported yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PAF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and several in vivo model of inflammatory pain in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, first we studied the effects of PAF fractions on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the involvements of Akt and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in ethyl acetate fraction of PAF (PAF-EA)-mediated anti-inflammatory effect were measured using Western blotting. In in vivo experiments, the efficacy of PAF-EA was evaluated at the doses of 100 and 200mg/kg using several chemical-induced models of inflammatory pain such as acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and edema. RESULTS We found that compared to other fractions, the PAF-EA more potently inhibited the LPS-induced generation of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and reactive oxygen species. It also inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These actions of EA fraction were found to be associated with a disruption of Akt and MAP kinases signaling pathways. The EA fraction also significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced licking time and edema in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the ethnopharmacological use of P. alkekengi fruit along with its calyx as an anti-inflammatory agent and suggest that the EA fraction of PAF may serve as a potential candidate to treat different neurological disorders and pain associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Shambhunath Bose
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK-Plus Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK-Plus Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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79
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Shiota C, Abe T, Kawai N, Ohno A, Teshima-Kondo S, Mori H, Terao J, Tanaka E, Nikawa T. Flavones Inhibit LPS-Induced Atrogin-1/MAFbx Expression in Mouse C2C12 Skeletal Myotubes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:188-94. [PMID: 26052151 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a complex process that occurs as a consequence of various stress events. Muscle atrophy-associated genes (atrogenes) such as atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF-1 are induced early in the atrophy process, and the increase in their expression precedes the loss of muscle weight. Although antioxidative nutrients suppress atrogene expression in skeletal muscle cells, the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on inflammation-induced atrogin-1/MAFbx expression have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced atrogin-1/MAFbx expression. We examined whether nine flavonoids belonging to six flavonoid categories inhibited atrogin-1/MAFbx expression in mouse C2C12 myotubes. Two major flavones, apigenin and luteolin, displayed potent inhibitory effects on atrogin-1/MAFbx expression. The pretreatment with apigenin and luteolin significantly prevented the decrease in C2C12 myotube diameter caused by LPS stimulation. Importantly, the pretreatment of LPS-stimulated myoblasts with these flavones significantly inhibited LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes, resulting in the significant suppression of atrogin-1/MAFbx promoter activity. These results suggest that apigenin and luteolin, prevent LPS-mediated atrogin-1/MAFbx expression through the inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Thus, these flavones, apigenin and luteolin, may be promising agents to prevent LPS-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Shiota
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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80
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The flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus exerts anti-inflammatory effects and prevents murine colitis. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1333-1339. [PMID: 26948401 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS IBD is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosal inflammation and epithelial damage. Biologic therapy has significantly improved the course of the disease but there are still a high percentage of patients that do not respond to current therapies. We aim to determine the effects of the flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus (EH) in a mice model of colitis induced by TNBS. METHODS Balb/c mice received TNBS (175 mg/kg, 100 μl, i.r.) and six and thirty hours later were administered with EH (1 g/kg, i.p.). Mice were weighted daily and after sacrificing (2 and 4 days after TNBS) we analyzed mucosal histology, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (qPCR) and NF-κB and Iκβ-α protein levels. The chemical characterization of the EH was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The administration of EH to TNBS-treated mice prevented (P < 0.05) the loss of body weight and significantly reduced in the colon: a) histological damage score, b) MPO enzymatic activity c) the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and d) Iκβ-α degradation and nuclear NF-κβ protein levels. The LC-MS analysis detected metabolites such as polyphenols and fatty acids. CONCLUSION Systemic administration of the ethanolic extract of H. polyrhizus exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and prevents murine colitis induced by TNBS.
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81
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Kamali H, Khodaverdi E, Hadizadeh F, Ghaziaskar S. Optimization of phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants capacity of pressurized liquid extraction from Dracocephalum kotschyi via circumscribed central composite. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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82
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Abstract
With increasing life expectancy as a result of better quality of life and improved health care, the incidence of aging related diseases and disorders is heading toward epidemic proportions. Dementia, a spectrum of neurological diseases associated with aging, is an increasingly prevalent disease. No cure exists yet for dementia; however, there are many potential candidates for treatment of dementia that merit more exploration. Polyphenols, which constitute one such class of compounds, are dietary agents that are globally found in commonly consumed food. Many processes that are associated with the pathophysiology of dementia can be modulated by polyphenols. Polyphenolic compounds can alleviate oxidative stress by acting as direct scavengers of free radicals and clearing superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and by increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. They also chelate metal ions to prevent free radical formation. Polyphenols can also combat inflammation by affecting transcription factors such as NF-κB. Some polyphenols may have the potential to inhibit excitotoxicity by regulating intracellular calcium ion concentration, inhibiting glutamate receptors and increasing glutamate reuptake at the synapse. The cognitive decline in dementia due to decreased availability of acetylcholine can also be countered by polyphenols that inhibit acetyl-cholinesterase activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that increasing the consumption of polyphenol rich food may alleviate the effects of dementia. Moreover, their effects on controlling multiple mechanisms that are associated with dementia may also prevent or slow down the onset and progress of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Desai
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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83
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Nguyen DH, Zhao BT, Le DD, Kim KY, Kim YH, Yoon YH, Ko JY, Woo KS, Woo MH. Phenolic Constituents and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity fromEchinochloa utilisGrains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2016.22.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
- Phu Tho College of Pharmacy, Viettri City, Phutho Province 290000, Vietnam
| | - Bing Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yun Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 39061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Yoon
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Ko
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Functional Cereal Crop research Division, Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA, 50426, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
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4-Isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1, an Analogue of KTH-13 Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana, Inhibits the NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:143025. [PMID: 26819495 PMCID: PMC4706927 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps species has been a good source of compounds with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, we reported a novel compound (4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenol, KTH-13) with anticancer activity isolated from Cordyceps bassiana and created several derivatives to increase its pharmacological activity. In this study, we tested one of the KTH-013 derivatives, 4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1 (KTH-13-AD1), with regard to anti-inflammatory activity under macrophage-mediated inflammatory conditions. KTH-13-AD1 clearly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) treated macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 cells). Similarly, this compound also reduced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Interestingly, KTH-13-AD1 strongly diminished NF-κB-mediated luciferase activities and nuclear translocation of NF-κB family proteins. In accordance, KTH-13-AD1 suppressed the upstream signaling pathway of NF-κB activation, including IκBα, IKKα/β, AKT, p85/PI3K, and Src in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The autophosphorylation of Src and NF-κB observed during the overexpression of Src was also suppressed by KTH-13-AD1. These results strongly suggest that KTH-13-AD1 has strong anti-inflammatory features mediated by suppression of the Src/NF-κB regulatory loop.
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85
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Using Bioinformatics Approach to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Multiple Ingredients in Shuang-Huang-Lian. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:291680. [PMID: 26495421 PMCID: PMC4606080 DOI: 10.1155/2015/291680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the proved clinical efficacy, Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) has developed a variety of dosage forms. However, the in-depth research on targets and pharmacological mechanisms of SHL preparations was scarce. In the presented study, the bioinformatics approaches were adopted to integrate relevant data and biological information. As a result, a PPI network was built and the common topological parameters were characterized. The results suggested that the PPI network of SHL exhibited a scale-free property and modular architecture. The drug target network of SHL was structured with 21 functional modules. According to certain modules and pharmacological effects distribution, an antitumor effect and potential drug targets were predicted. A biological network which contained 26 subnetworks was constructed to elucidate the antipneumonia mechanism of SHL. We also extracted the subnetwork to explicitly display the pathway where one effective component acts on the pneumonia related targets. In conclusions, a bioinformatics approach was established for exploring the drug targets, pharmacological activity distribution, effective components of SHL, and its mechanism of antipneumonia. Above all, we identified the effective components and disclosed the mechanism of SHL from the view of system.
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86
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Ambasta RK, Jha SK, Kumar D, Sharma R, Jha NK, Kumar P. Comparative study of anti-angiogenic activities of luteolin, lectin and lupeol biomolecules. J Transl Med 2015; 13:307. [PMID: 26385094 PMCID: PMC4575424 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a hallmark feature in the initiation, progression and growth of tumour. There are various factors for promotion of angiogenesis on one hand and on the other hand, biomolecules have been reported to inhibit cancer through anti-angiogenesis mechanism. Biomolecules, for instance, luteolin, lectin and lupeol are known to suppress cancer. This study aims to compare and evaluate the biomolecule(s) like luteolin, lupeol and lectin on CAM assay and HT-29 cell culture to understand the efficacy of these drugs. METHOD The biomolecules have been administered on CAM assay, HT-29 cell culture, cell migration assay. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of the identified targets of these biomolecules have been performed. RESULT Luteolin has been found to be better in inhibiting angiogenesis on CAM assay in comparison to lupeol and lectin. In line with this study when biomolecules was administered on cell migration assay via scratch assay method. We provided evidence that Luteolin was again found to be better in inhibiting HT-29 cell migration. In order to identify the target sites of luteolin for inhibition, we used software analysis for identifying the best molecular targets of luteolin. Using software analysis best target protein molecule of these biomolecules have been identified. VEGF was found to be one of the target of luteolin. Studies have found several critical point mutation in VEGF A, B and C. Hence docking analysis of all biomolecules with VEGFR have been performed. Multiple allignment result have shown that the receptors are conserved at the docking site. CONCLUSION Therefore, it can be concluded that luteolin is not only comparatively better in inhibiting blood vessel in CAM assay, HT-29 cell proliferation and cell migration assay rather the domain of VEGFR is conserved to be targeted by luteolin, lupeol and lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India. .,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, University (VITU), Vellore, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India. .,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, University (VITU), Vellore, India.
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
| | - Renu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India. .,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, University (VITU), Vellore, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Former Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India. .,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, University (VITU), Vellore, India. .,Neurology Department, Adjunct Faculty, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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87
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Karki S, Park HJ, Nugroho A, Kim EJ, Jung HA, Choi JS. Quantification of major compounds from Ixeris dentata, Ixeris dentata Var. albiflora, and Ixeris sonchifolia and their comparative anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:83-94. [PMID: 25383596 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the comparative anti-inflammatory activities of Ixeris dentata (ID), Ixeris dentata var. albiflora (IDA), and Ixeris sonchifolia (IS) and to identify the main compounds present in extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Five main compounds consisting of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, and luteolin were used for simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography quantification. The total phenolic content present in ID (30 mg/g GAE), IDA (35.33 mg/g GAE), and IS (43.79 mg/g GAE) was correlated to the corresponding LPS-induced NO production inhibitory effect in RAW 264.7 cells as expressed with IC(50) values 26.19, 21.43, and 7.59 μg/mL, respectively. Luteolin 7-O-glucoside was found as the major compound in ID (8.76 mg/g dry weight) and IDA (10.35 mg/g dry weight) and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide was the major compound in IS (34.66 mg/g dry weight). Luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide inhibited LPS-induced NO production with IC(50) values of 30 and 4.5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and t-BHP-induced ROS generation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results clearly showed that the anti-inflammatory potential of ID, IDA, and IS extract are primarily due to their contents of luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Karki
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea
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88
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Paredes-Gonzalez X, Fuentes F, Jeffery S, Saw CLL, Shu L, Su ZY, Kong ANT. Induction of NRF2-mediated gene expression by dietary phytochemical flavones apigenin and luteolin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:440-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Paredes-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Macul Santiago Chile
| | - Sundrina Jeffery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Constance Lay-Lay Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung Li District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
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89
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ATP-Binding Pocket-Targeted Suppression of Src and Syk by Luteolin Contributes to Its Anti-Inflammatory Action. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:967053. [PMID: 26236111 PMCID: PMC4506822 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid identified as a major anti-inflammatory component of Artemisia asiatica. Numerous reports have demonstrated the ability of luteolin to suppress inflammation in a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, its exact anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory mode of action in activated macrophages of luteolin from Artemisia asiatica was examined by employing immunoblotting analysis, a luciferase reporter gene assay, enzyme assays, and an overexpression strategy. Luteolin dose-dependently inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and diminished the levels of mRNA transcripts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) and pam3CSK-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity. Luteolin displayed potent NO-inhibitory activity and also suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65 and p50) via blockade of Src and Syk, but not other mitogen-activated kinases. Overexpression of wild type Src and point mutants thereof, and molecular modelling studies, suggest that the ATP-binding pocket may be the luteolin-binding site in Src. These results strongly suggest that luteolin may exert its anti-inflammatory action by suppressing the NF-κB signaling cascade via blockade of ATP binding in Src and Syk.
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90
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Batista MT, Costa G, Nunes F, Vitorino C, Sousa JJ, Figueiredo IV. Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Phenolic Compounds in three Different Extracts from Cymbopogon citratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.331.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Obesity, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy, LURM est Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale AL Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy,
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92
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Peppermint antioxidants revisited. Food Chem 2015; 176:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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93
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Effects on Liver Lipid Metabolism of the Naturally Occurring Dietary Flavone Luteolin-7-glucoside. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:647832. [PMID: 26113868 PMCID: PMC4465769 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in whole-body lipid metabolism can lead to the onset of several pathologies such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present study aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind the lipid-lowering effects of the flavone luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G) which we previously showed to improve plasma lipid profile in rats. L7G is abundant in plant foods of Mediterranean diet such as aromatic plants used as herbs. Results show that dietary supplementation with L7G for one week induced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and of its target gene carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) in rat liver. L7G showed a tendency to decrease the hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), without affecting fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein levels. Although SREBP-2 and LDLr mRNA levels did not change, the expression of HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) was significantly repressed by L7G. L7G also inhibited this enzyme's in vitro activity in a dose dependent manner, but only at high and not physiologically relevant concentrations. These results add new evidence that the flavone luteolin-7-glucoside may help in preventing metabolic diseases and clarify the mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables.
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94
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Sung J, Lee J. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Butein and Luteolin Through Suppression of NFκB Activation and Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. J Med Food 2015; 18:557-64. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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95
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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96
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Mateeva N, Gangapuram M, Mazzio E, Eyunni S, Soliman KFA, Redda KK. Biological evaluation of synthetic chalcone and flavone derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:1672-1680. [PMID: 25866456 PMCID: PMC4390068 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids and chalcones are natural plant derived compounds with inherent therapeutic value for a range of human pathologies. In this study, a series of 24 substituted chalcones and flavones were synthesized and subsequently screened for anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/ml)-activated BV-2 microglial cells by assessing initial production/release of nitric oxide (NO). The data obtained eliminate the majority of compounds as weak or non-effective, whereas 2'-hydroxy-3,4,5,3',4'-pentamethoxychalcone (1) and 2'-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone (2) were potent, having an IC50 of 1.10 and 2.26 µM, respectively; with greater potency than L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine selective iNOS inhibitor (IC50 = 3.1 µM) but less than steroidal dexamethasone (IC50 < 200 nM). The most potent compound (chalcone 1) attenuated NO parallel to reducing iNOS protein expression, events also corresponding to reduction of IL-1α, IL-10 and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that the presence of electron donating groups OH and OCH3 on both A and B rings of synthetic compounds correlate to stronger anti-inflammatory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Mateeva
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Madhavi Gangapuram
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Suresh Eyunni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Kinfe K Redda
- Division of Research, Florida A&M University, 410 Foote-Hilyer Administration Center, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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97
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Cho BO, Yin HH, Fang CZ, Ha HO, Kim SJ, Jeong SI, Jang SI. Synergistic Anti-inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Luteolin in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2015.47.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Babenko NA, Kharchenko VS. Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity of Hepatocytes by the Pharmacological Downregulation of Phospholipase D. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:794838. [PMID: 26089893 PMCID: PMC4458285 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The role of phospholipase D (PLD) as a positive modulator of glucose uptake activation by insulin in muscle and adipose cells has been demonstrated. The role of PLD in the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin in the primary hepatocytes has been determined in this study. Methods. For this purpose, we studied effects of inhibitors of PLD on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis stimulation by insulin. To determine the PLD activity, the method based on determination of products of transphosphatidylation reaction, phosphatidylethanol or phosphatidylbutanol, was used. Results. Inhibition of PLD by a general antagonist (1-butanol) or specific inhibitor, halopemide, or N-hexanoylsphingosine, or by cellular ceramides accumulated in doxorubicin-treated hepatocytes decreased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Doxorubicin-induced hepatocytes resistance to insulin action could be abolished by inhibition of ceramide production. Halopemide could nullify this effect. Addition of propranolol, as well as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) (wortmannin, LY294002) or suppressors of Akt phosphorylation/activity, luteolin-7-O-glucoside or apigenin-7-O-glucoside, to the culture media could block cell response to insulin action. Conclusion. PLD plays an important role in the insulin signaling in the hepatocytes. PLD is activated downstream of PI3-kinase and Akt and is highly sensitive to ceramide content in the liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Babenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
- *Nataliya A. Babenko:
| | - Vitalina S. Kharchenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
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99
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Shi F, Zhou D, Ji Z, Xu Z, Yang H. Anti-arthritic activity of luteolin in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by suppressing P2X4 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 226:82-7. [PMID: 25450234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate anti-arthritic activity of luteolin (Lut) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. AA was induced by injecting with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Male rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) control group (saline), (2) AA group, (3) AA+Diclofenac Sodium (AA+DS, 5 mg/kg), (4) AA+Lut (20 mg/kg), (5) AA+Lut (40 mg/kg). Male SD rats were subjected to treatment with Lut at 10 and 20 mg/kg from days 18 to 24 after immunization. Arthritic scores, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), paw histopathology and the proteins of P2X4 pathway were assessed at the end of the experiment. Lut reduced the severity of arthritic scores during the experimental period as compared with positive control (RA). Lut significantly suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17 as compared with RA group. Histopathological examination indicated that Lut alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia as well as protected joint destruction. Lut significantly suppressed P2X4, NLRP1, ASC, and Caspase-1p10. Lut may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqiu Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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Anti-inflammatory potential of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia. Molecules 2014; 19:16609-23. [PMID: 25322283 PMCID: PMC6270807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol (SMBD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and the subsequent signaling events. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was detected in BV2 cells; however, SMBD pretreatment inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 through suppressing gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. LPS-stimulated gene expression and production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also significantly reduced by SMBD. The anti-inflammatory effects of SMBD were associated with suppression of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that SMBD down-regulates inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB through interference with the activation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that SMBD may have potential to be developed into an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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