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Choi SU, Rho JH, Choi YJ, Jun SW, Shin YJ, Lee YS, Shin HJ, Lim CH, Shin HW, Kim JH, Lee HW, Lim HJ. Postoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality after surgery for geriatric intertrochanteric femoral fracture: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28306. [PMID: 34941120 PMCID: PMC8701452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia from malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after geriatric hip fracture surgery. However, little is known regarding the correlation between postoperative hypoalbuminemia and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether postoperative hypoalbuminemia could predict 1-year mortality after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery in elderly patients.The medical records of 263 geriatric patients (age ≥65 years) who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery between January 2013 and January 2016 in a single hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were allocated to 2 groups based on lowest serum albumin levels within 2 postoperative days (≥3.0 g/dL [group 1, n = 46] and <3.0 g/dL [group 2, n = 217]. Data between the non-survival and survival groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent predictor for 1-year mortality.The 1-year mortality rate was 16.3% after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with 1-year mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 8.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-47.09; P = .021). The non-survival group showed a significantly increased incidence of postoperative hypoalbuminemia (95.4% vs 80.0%, P = .015) and intensive care unit admission (11.6% vs 2.7%, P = .020), older age (82.5 ± 5.8 years vs 80.0 ± 7.2 years, P = .032), lower body mass index (20.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2 vs 22.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2, P < .001), and increased amount of transfusion of perioperative red blood cells (1.79 ± 1.47 units vs 1.43 ± 2.08 units, P = .032), compared to the survival group.This study demonstrated that postoperative hypoalbuminemia is a potent predictor of 1-year mortality in geriatric patients undergoing intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery. Therefore, exogenous albumin administration can be considered to improve postoperative outcomes and reduce the risk of mortality after surgery for geriatric hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Uk Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Rho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Okcheon St. Mary’ Hospital, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Hak Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ja Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cheng Z, Huang Y, Shen Q, Zhao Y, Wang L, Yu J, Lu W. A camptothecin-based, albumin-binding prodrug enhances efficacy and safety in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113851. [PMID: 34547508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The albumin-based drug delivery system is an effective drug delivery strategy for traditional chemotherapeutic drugs that can improve their antitumour efficacies and reduce systemic toxicities. The camptothecin derivative CPTS0001 has excellent antitumour activity in vitro, but it shows toxicity and side effects in vivo. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of the β-glucuronidase-reactive albumin-binding prodrug Mal-glu-CPTS0001 based on quaternary ammonium. After intravenous administration, the compound covalently binds to plasma albumin through Michael addition, enabling it to accumulate in tumours, where tumour-associated β-glucuronidase triggers the selective release of CPTS0001. This prodrug significantly reduced the toxicity of the parent drug, and the maximum tolerated dose was increased by 2.5 times. At the same time, this prodrug enhanced the selectivity in vivo and improved the preferential accumulation of prodrug in tumours. Notably, this prodrug exhibited excellent in vivo antitumour effects in a murine breast cancer xenograft model without visible pathological toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yangrong Zhao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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Hess B, Townsend W, Ai W, Stathis A, Solh M, Alderuccio JP, Ungar D, Liao S, Liao L, Khouri L, Zhang X, Boni J. Efficacy and Safety Exposure-Response Analysis of Loncastuximab Tesirine in Patients with B cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. AAPS J 2021; 24:11. [PMID: 34893942 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an integrated population pharmacokinetic model to investigate loncastuximab tesirine pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure-response relationships for relapsed/refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The model, based on the recommended dosing schedule (150 µg/kg every 3 weeks [Q3W] for 2 cycles; 75 µg/kg Q3W thereafter) and drug concentrations in phase 1 and 2 studies (DLBCL [n = 284], non-DLBCL [n = 44]), was used to characterize loncastuximab tesirine PK and evaluate exposure covariates. Relationships between exposure (pyrrolobenzodiazepine-conjugated antibody [cAb] cycle 1 average concentration) and (1) efficacy (including overall response rate [ORR; primary endpoint] and overall survival [OS]) and (2) grade ≥ 2 treatment-emergent adverse events were explored. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression. cAb and total Ab were best described by a two-compartment linear model with time-dependent clearance. The cAb steady-state half-life increased to 20.6 days by ~ 15 weeks. cAb exposure was lower for low albumin, mild/moderate hepatic impairment, non-DLBCL subtypes, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores > 1. Significant positive associations were reported between exposure and ORR (p = 3.21E-6), OS (p = 0.0016), grade ≥ 2 increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, liver function test abnormalities, pain, and skin/nail reactions (p < 0.05). Low albumin, bulky disease, and mild/moderate hepatic impairment had a significant negative effect on OS (p < 0.01). Modeling supports the recommended loncastuximab tesirine dosing schedule. Although reduced exposure and efficacy were predicted for specific covariates (e.g., low albumin, mild/moderate hepatic impairment), dose increases are not recommended. Trial registration: NCT02669017 and NCT03589469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hess
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - William Townsend
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and UCLH National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Facility, London, UK
| | - Weiyun Ai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Melhem Solh
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at Northside Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - David Ungar
- ADC Therapeutics Inc, Murray Hill, New Jersy, USA
| | - Sam Liao
- Pharmax Research Inc, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lori Liao
- Pharmax Research Inc, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lisa Khouri
- Pharmax Research Inc, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Joseph Boni
- ADC Therapeutics Inc, Murray Hill, New Jersy, USA.
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Simonetti RG, Perricone G, Gluud C. Albumin for people with liver cirrhosis and bacterial infections. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa G Simonetti
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Capital Region, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Christian Gluud
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Capital Region, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
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Hu D, Li Y, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Cheng L, Tan C, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Association of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease with a family history of malignancy: A retrospective study of 168 cases. RHEUMATOLOGY & AUTOIMMUNITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/rai2.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diping Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Chengdu First People's Hospital Chengdu China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Tarantino G, Citro V, Capone D, Gaudiano G, Sinatti G, Santini SJ, Balsano C. Copper concentrations are prevalently associated with antithrombin III, but also with prothrombin time and fibrinogen in patients with liver cirrhosis: A cross-sectional retrospective study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126802. [PMID: 34091123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning the link between copper excess and the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, its retention is reckoned to develop as a complication of cholestasis. Recently, it has been found that cholestatic liver injury involves largely inflammatory cell-mediated liver cell necrosis, with consequent reduced hepatic mass, more than occurring through direct bile acid-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, interference with protein synthesis could be expected to result, ending in an altered ability of the liver to retain copper. Little is known about the association between serum copper and clotting factors in cirrhotics. We aimed at studying a possible relationship between increased levels of copper and an aspect of the haemostatic process in liver cirrhosis patients, assessing an index of protein synthesis (albumin) and parameters of protein synthesis/coagulation/fibrinolysis, such as prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin (AT) III and fibrinogen. METHODS Records from 85 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis of various aetiology and different severity were retrospectively examined. Serum concentrations of copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. An index of protein synthesis, such as albumin and parameters of both synthesis and coagulation/hypercoagulation such as PT %, AT III%, levels of fibrinogen were taken into account to study possible correlations to serum copper. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated by the Child-Pugh (C-P) classification. The relationship among variables were studied by linear regression. RESULTS Copper levels of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis were increased respect to those of controls, 102.7+/-28.7 versus 80.4+/-19.5 mcg/dL, (P = .0009), independently from disease severity, and were positively predicted by PT% (P = 0. 017), fibrinogen (P = 0.007) and AT III% (P = 0.000), at linear regression. Among the previous parameters, to which serum albumin was added, the unique predictor of copper levels was AT III%, at multiple regression (P = 0. 010); AT III% was negatively predicted by the C-P classification (P = 0.000); copper levels, adjusted for C-P classification, were predicted by AT III% (P = 0.020) and fibrinogen concentrations, but not by PT% (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION The copper concentration is reckoned as responsible for production of the hydroxyl radicals. On the basis that oxidants may enhance the activity of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, ultimately leading to thrombin formation, via their combined effects on stimulation of tissue factor activity and inhibition of fibrinolytic pathways, the positive relationship of copper to coagulation/hypercoagulation parameters (mainly AT III) in our research could find a plausible interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, "Umberto I" Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore (SA), Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gaudiano
- Clinical Pathology Unit,"Umberto I" Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore (SA), Italy
| | - Gaia Sinatti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health & Environmental Sciences-MESVA, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L, Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvano Junior Santini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health & Environmental Sciences-MESVA, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L, Aquila, Italy
| | - Clara Balsano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health & Environmental Sciences-MESVA, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L, Aquila, Italy
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Pregnancy and weaning regulate human maternal liver size and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107269118. [PMID: 34815335 PMCID: PMC8640831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107269118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the rodent liver undergoes hepatocyte proliferation and increases in size, followed by weaning-induced involution via hepatocyte cell death and stromal remodeling, creating a prometastatic niche. These data suggest a mechanism for increased liver metastasis in breast cancer patients with recent childbirth. It is unknown whether the human liver changes in size and function during pregnancy and weaning. In this study, abdominal imaging was obtained in healthy women at early and late pregnancy and postwean. During pregnancy time points, glucose production and utilization and circulating bile acids were measured. Independently of weight gain, most women's livers increased in size with pregnancy, then returned to baseline postwean. Putative roles for bile acids in liver growth and regression were observed. Together, the data support the hypothesis that the human liver is regulated by reproductive state with growth during pregnancy and volume loss postwean. These findings have implications for sex-specific liver diseases and for breast cancer outcomes.
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58
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Grüngreiff K, Gottstein T, Reinhold D, Blindauer CA. Albumin Substitution in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: Don't Forget Zinc. Nutrients 2021; 13:4011. [PMID: 34836265 PMCID: PMC8618355 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompensated liver cirrhosis has a dismal prognosis, with patients surviving on average for 2-4 years after the first diagnosis of ascites. Albumin is an important tool in the therapy of cirrhotic ascites. By virtue of its oncotic properties, it reduces the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction after paracentesis. Treatment with albumin also counteracts the development of hepatorenal syndrome and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. More recently, the positive impact of long-term albumin supplementation in liver disease, based on its pleiotropic non-oncotic activities, has been recognized. These include transport of endo- and exogenous substances, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, and stabilizing effects on the endothelium. Besides the growing recognition that effective albumin therapy requires adjustment of the plasma level to normal physiological values, the search for substances with adjuvant activities is becoming increasingly important. More than 75% of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis do not only present with hypoalbuminemia but also with zinc deficiency. There is a close relationship between albumin and the essential trace element zinc. First and foremost, albumin is the main carrier of zinc in plasma, and is hence critical for systemic distribution of zinc. In this review, we discuss important functions of albumin in the context of metabolic, immunological, oxidative, transport, and distribution processes, alongside crucial functions and effects of zinc and their mutual dependencies. In particular, we focus on the major role of chronic inflammatory processes in pathogenesis and progression of liver cirrhosis and how albumin therapy and zinc supplementation may affect these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Grüngreiff
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Gottstein
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Kaiser RA, Weber ND, Trigueros‐Motos L, Allen KL, Martinez M, Cao W, VanLith CJ, Hillin LG, Douar A, González‐Aseguinolaza G, Aldabe R, Lillegard JB. Use of an adeno-associated virus serotype Anc80 to provide durable cure of phenylketonuria in a mouse model. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1369-1381. [PMID: 33896013 PMCID: PMC9291745 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of metabolism of the liver, and results from mutations of both alleles of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH). As such, it is a suitable target for gene therapy via gene delivery with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. Here we use the synthetic AAV vector Anc80 via systemic administration to deliver a functional copy of a codon-optimized human PAH gene, with or without an intron spacer, to the Pahenu2 mouse model of PKU. Dose-dependent transduction of the liver and expression of PAH mRNA were present with both vectors, resulting in significant and durable reduction of circulating phenylalanine, reaching near control levels in males. Coat color of treated Pahenu2 mice reflected an increase in pigmentation from brown to the black color of control animals, further indicating functional restoration of phenylalanine metabolism and its byproduct melanin. There were no adverse effects associated with administration of AAV up to 5 × 1012 VG/kg, the highest dose tested. Only minor and/or transient variations in some liver enzymes were observed in some of the AAV-dosed animals which were not associated with pathology findings in the liver. Finally, there was no impact on cell turnover or apoptosis as evaluated by Ki-67 and TUNEL staining, further supporting the safety of this approach. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of AAV Anc80 to safely and durably cure PKU in a mouse model, supporting development for clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kaiser
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | - Kari L. Allen
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michael Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - William Cao
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Gloria González‐Aseguinolaza
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L.PamplonaSpain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene ExpressionCIMA Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene ExpressionCIMA Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Joseph B. Lillegard
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Pediatric Surgical AssociatesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Amruta N, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Murray-Brown IC, Gressett TE, Biose IJ, Chastain WH, Befeler JB, Bix G. In Vivo protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection by ATN-161 in k18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Life Sci 2021; 284:119881. [PMID: 34389403 PMCID: PMC8352850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease that has spread worldwide. Current treatments are limited in both availability and efficacy, such that improving our understanding of the factors that facilitate infection is urgently needed to more effectively treat infected individuals and to curb the pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated the significance of interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, integrin α5β1, and human ACE2 to facilitate viral entry into host cells in vitro. We previously found that inhibition of integrin α5β1 by the clinically validated small peptide ATN-161 inhibits these spike protein interactions and cell infection in vitro. In continuation with our previous findings, here we have further evaluated the therapeutic potential of ATN-161 on SARS-CoV-2 infection in k18-hACE2 transgenic (SARS-CoV-2 susceptible) mice in vivo. We discovered that treatment with single or repeated intravenous doses of ATN-161 (1 mg/kg) within 48 h after intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 lead to a reduction of lung viral load, viral immunofluorescence, and improved lung histology in a majority of mice 72 h post-infection. Furthermore, ATN-161 reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced increased expression of lung integrin α5 and αv (an α5-related integrin that has also been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 interactions) as well as the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10), further supporting the potential involvement of these integrins, and the anti-inflammatory potential of ATN-161, respectively, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential therapeutic efficacy of targeting integrin α5β1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo and supports the development of ATN-161 as a novel SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabel C Murray-Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Timothy E Gressett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ifechukwude J Biose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wesley H Chastain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jaime B Befeler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA.
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Liu B, Pan J, Zong H, Wang Z. The risk factors and predictive nomogram of human albumin infusion during the perioperative period of posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a study based on 2015-2020 data from a local hospital. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:654. [PMID: 34717707 PMCID: PMC8557501 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative hypoalbuminemia of the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) can increase the risk of infection of the incision site, and it is challenging to accurately predict perioperative hypoproteinemia. The objective of this study was to create a clinical predictive nomogram and validate its accuracy by finding the independent risk factors for perioperative hypoalbuminemia of PLIF. METHODS The patients who underwent PLIF at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2015 and December 2020 were selected in this study. Besides, variables such as age, gender, BMI, current and past medical history, indications for surgery, surgery-related information, and results of preoperative blood routine tests were also collected from each patient. These patients were divided into injection group and non-injection group according to whether they were injected with human albumin. And they were also divided into training group and validation group, with the ratio of 4:1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in the training group to find the independent risk factors. The nomogram was developed based on these independent predictors. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC), the calibration curve and the decision curve analysis (DCA) were drawn in the training and validation groups to evaluate the prediction, calibration and clinical validity of the model. Finally, the nomograms in the training and validation groups and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of each independent risk factor were drawn to analyze the performance of this model. RESULTS A total of 2482 patients who met our criteria were recruited in this study and 256 (10.31%) patients were injected with human albumin perioperatively. There were 1985 people in the training group and 497 in the validation group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed 5 independent risk factors, including old age, accompanying T2DM, level of preoperative albumin, amount of intraoperative blood loss and fusion stage. We drew nomograms. The AUC of the nomograms in the training group and the validation group were 0.807, 95% CI 0.774-0.840 and 0.859, 95% CI 0.797-0.920, respectively. The calibration curve shows consistency between the prediction and observation results. DCA showed a high net benefit from using nomograms to predict the risk of perioperative injection of human albumin. The AUCs of nomograms in the training and the validation groups were significantly higher than those of five independent risk factors mentioned above (P < 0.001), suggesting that the model is strongly predictive. CONCLUSION Preoperative low protein, operative stage ≥ 3, a relatively large amount of intraoperative blood loss, old age and history of diabetes were independent predictors of albumin infusion after PLIF. A predictive model for the risk of albumin injection during the perioperative period of PLIF was created using the above 5 predictors, and then validated. The model can be used to assess the risk of albumin injection in patients during the perioperative period of PLIF. The model is highly predictive, so it can be clinically applied to reduce the incidence of perioperative hypoalbuminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junpeng Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Qingyun, DeZhou, 253700, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Khodabakhsh P, Bazrgar M, Dargahi L, Mohagheghi F, Asgari Taei A, Parvardeh S, Ahmadiani A. Does Alzheimer's disease stem in the gastrointestinal system? Life Sci 2021; 287:120088. [PMID: 34715145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, our knowledge of the key pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has dramatically improved. Regarding the limitation of current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, such as AD, to be translated into the clinic, there is a growing trend in research to identify risk factors associated with the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the current literature with a focus on the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI)/liver diseases during the lifespan and the incidence of AD, and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the link between the diseases. We also aim to review studies evaluating the possible link between the chronic use of the most common GI medications and the future risk of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ueda Y, Ookawara S, Ito K, Sasabuchi Y, Hayasaka H, Kofuji M, Uchida T, Imai S, Kiryu S, Minato S, Miyazawa H, Sanayama H, Hirai K, Tabei K, Morishita Y. Association between hepatic oxygenation on near-infrared spectroscopy and clinical factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259064. [PMID: 34673824 PMCID: PMC8530328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepato-splanchnic circulation directly influences oxygenation of the abdominal organs and plays an important role in compensating for the blood volume reduction that occurs in the central circulation during hemodialysis (HD) with ultrafiltration. However, the hepato-splanchnic circulation and oxygenation cannot be easily evaluated in the clinical setting of HD therapy. We included 185 HD patients and 15 healthy volunteers as the control group in this study. Before HD, hepatic regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of hepatic oxygenation reflecting the hepato-splanchnic circulation and oxygenation, was monitored using an INVOS 5100c oxygen saturation monitor. Hepatic rSO2 was significantly lower in patients undergoing HD than in healthy controls (56.4 ± 14.9% vs. 76.2 ± 9.6%, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that hepatic rSO2 was independently associated with body mass index (BMI; standardized coefficient: 0.294), hemoglobin (Hb) level (standardized coefficient: 0.294), a history of cardiovascular disease (standardized coefficient: -0.157), mean blood pressure (BP; standardized coefficient: 0.154), and serum albumin concentration (standardized coefficient: 0.150) in Model 1 via a simple linear regression analysis. In Model 2 using the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in place of serum albumin concentration, the COP (standardized coefficient: 0.134) was also identified as affecting hepatic rSO2. Basal hepatic oxygenation before HD might be affected by BMI, Hb levels, a history of cardiovascular disease, mean BP, serum albumin concentration, and the COP. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether changes in these parameters, including during HD, affect the hepato-splanchnic circulation and oxygenation in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ueda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kiyonori Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Hayasaka
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaya Kofuji
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sojiro Imai
- Department of Dialysis, Minami-Uonuma City Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kiryu
- Department of Dialysis, Minami-Uonuma City Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saori Minato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Miyazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sanayama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tabei
- Department of Dialysis, Minami-Uonuma City Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Rizo-Téllez SA, Méndez-García LA, Rivera-Rugeles AC, Miranda-García M, Manjarrez-Reyna AN, Viurcos-Sanabria R, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Becerril-Villanueva E, Carrillo-Ruíz JD, Cota-Arce JM, Álvarez-Lee A, De León-Nava MA, Escobedo G. The Combined Use of Cytokine Serum Values with Laboratory Parameters Improves Mortality Prediction of COVID-19 Patients: The Interleukin-15-to-Albumin Ratio. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102159. [PMID: 34683480 PMCID: PMC8539806 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory parameters display limited accuracy in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as with serum albumin. Emerging evidence suggests that cytokine serum values may enhance the predictive capacity of albumin, especially interleukin (IL)-15. We thus investigated whether the use of the IL-15-to-albumin ratio enables improving mortality prediction at hospital admission in a large group of COVID-19 patients. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled and followed up three hundred and seventy-eight patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis until hospital discharge or death. Two hundred and fifty-five patients survived, whereas one hundred and twenty-three died. Student’s T-test revealed that non-survivors had a significant two-fold increase in the IL-15-to-albumin ratio compared to survivors (167.3 ± 63.8 versus 74.2 ± 28.5), a difference that was more evident than that found for IL-15 or albumin separately. Likewise, mortality prediction considerably improved when using the IL-15-to-albumin ratio with a cut-off point > 105.4, exhibiting an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.841 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.725–0.922, p < 0.001). As we outlined here, this is the first study showing that combining IL-15 serum values with albumin improves mortality prediction in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Rizo-Téllez
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucia A. Méndez-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Ana C. Rivera-Rugeles
- Laboratory of Oncoimmunology, Biomedical Research Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Miranda-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Aarón N. Manjarrez-Reyna
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - José D. Carrillo-Ruíz
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico;
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Julian M. Cota-Arce
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.)
| | - Angélica Álvarez-Lee
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.)
| | - Marco A. De León-Nava
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.L.-N.); (G.E.); Tel.: +52-(55)-2789-2000 (ext. 5646) (M.A.D.L.-N. & G.E.)
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.A.R.-T.); (L.A.M.-G.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.M.-R.); (R.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.L.-N.); (G.E.); Tel.: +52-(55)-2789-2000 (ext. 5646) (M.A.D.L.-N. & G.E.)
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Soetedjo NNM, Iryaningrum MR, Damara FA, Permadhi I, Sutanto LB, Hartono H, Rasyid H. Prognostic properties of hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:120-126. [PMID: 34620307 PMCID: PMC8288213 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) elicits robust inflammatory reaction that may result in a declining albumin serum level. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic properties of hypoalbuminemia for poor prognosis and factors that may influence the relationship. Method A systematic literature search of PubMed was conducted from inception to April 22, 2021. The main exposure was albumin level below normal range–defined by the included studies. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome that comprises of mortality, severity, and the requirement of mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit. Results There were 6200 patients from 19 studies. Meta-analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 6.97 (95% CI 4.20–11.55), p < 0.001; I2 = 91.3%, p < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.44), gender (p = 0.76), HT (p = 0.97), DM (p = 0.40), CKD (p = 0.65), liver disease (p = 0.72), and malignancy (p = 0.84) did not affect the association. Subgroup analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia increased mortality (OR 6.26 (95% CI 3.26–12.04), p < 0.001; I2 = 69.6%, p < 0.01) and severity of the disease (OR 7.32 (95%CI 3.94–13.59), p < 0.001; I2 = 92.5%, p < 0.01). Pooled diagnostic analysis of hypoalbuminemia yielded a sensitivity of 0.63 (95% CI 0.52–0.72), specificity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.87), and AUC of 0.77. The probability of poor outcome was 70% in patients with hypoalbuminemia and 24% in patients with normal albumin level. Conclusion Hypoalbuminemia was associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanny Natalia Mulyani Soetedjo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Maria Riastuti Iryaningrum
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fachreza Aryo Damara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Inge Permadhi
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luciana B Sutanto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Krida Wacana Christian University, Indonesia
| | - Hartono Hartono
- Intensive Care Unit, Presidential Hospitals Central Army Gatot Soebroto, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Haerani Rasyid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
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Szafraniec MJ, Fiedor L. One ring is not enough to rule them all. Albumin-dependent ABCG2-mediated transport of chlorophyll-derived photosensitizers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106001. [PMID: 34517107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is a member of the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. It is involved in the efflux of a broad range of xenobiotics of highly diverse structures. BCRP activity greatly influences drug distribution in vivo and is often associated with cancer multidrug resistance, which is observed in the case of both chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The set of ABCG2 substrates includes porphyrins and chlorins such as heme, hemin, protoporphyrin IX, chlorin e6, pheophorbide a, and their derivatives. Here we provide an evidence that magnesium- and zinc-substituted derivatives of pheophorbide a, which are very promising photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy, are also recognized and transported by ABCG2. Interestingly, despite minor structural differences, they clearly differ in the transport rate, both between each other and compared to pheophorbide a. In addition, their transport rate, like those of other structurally similar compounds, is strictly dependent on the level of serum albumin in the extracellular environment. The results that we present here are crucial for the use of metal-substituted pheophorbides in clinical practice but also provide an important insight into the mechanism of porphyrin transport by ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena J Szafraniec
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Protective Effect of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Seed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Biochemical and Histological Analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:2173012. [PMID: 34504408 PMCID: PMC8423550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2173012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opuntia dillenii is a medicinal plant with frequent usage in folk medicine to treat many illnesses. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The animals (rats) were randomly divided into three groups (i) the normal control group treated only with distilled water (10 mL/kg), (ii) the gentamicin group treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg) and received an intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (80 mg/kg), and (iii) the group treated with the Opuntia dillenii seed oil (2 mL/kg) and also received an intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (80 mg/kg). The rats received their following treatments for 14 consecutive days orally. Serum urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, albumin, and electrolyte levels were quantified as the markers of acute renal and liver failure. Besides, the kidney and liver relative weight, kidney malondialdehydes, and kidney histological analysis were determined. The results have shown that daily pretreatment with Opuntia dillenii seed oil (2 mL/kg) prevented severe alterations of biochemical parameters and disruptions of kidney tissue structures. In addition, the results of the present study showed for the first time that Opuntia dillenii seed oil reduced renal toxicity in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Therefore, Opuntia dillenii seed oil may represent a new therapeutic avenue to preserve and protect renal function in gentamicin-treated patients.
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Shang W, Hu H, Shen M, Wu J, Yu Z, Xuan L. Investigating the correlation between serum albumin level and the prognosis of Bell's palsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26726. [PMID: 34398047 PMCID: PMC8294884 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between the serum albumin level and the prognosis of patients with Bell's palsy.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 311 inpatients with Bell's palsy (BP) in our hospital between September 2018 and October 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the recovered group (with the House-Brackmann grade ≤ 2) and the unrecovered group (with the House-Brackmann grade > 2), according to the follow-up results within 3 months after discharge. Blood test indicators (white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, serum albumin level, globulin level) and basic clinical data (age, sex, course of the disease, inpatient days, comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, and hepatitis B) of the 2 groups were compared to explore whether they were correlated with the prognosis of patients with Bell's palsy.The serum albumin level of patients with BP in the unrecovered group was significantly lower than that of the recovered group (medians [interquartile range], 40.75 [38.40, 43.85] vs 44 [42.10, 46.20], P < .001). Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that serum albumin (odds ratio 0.772, 95% confidence interval 0.711-0.839, P < .001) was a protective factor for BP prognosis.Serum albumin is a protective factor for the prognosis of BP. Although more prospective clinical controlled trials are needed, our study provides valuable and crucial prognostic information for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Shang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyu Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxia Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangxia Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zelin Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Xuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gao Z, Zhao J, Liu X, Li S, Wang M, Gao Y. Portal vein thrombosis associated with high 14-day and 6-week rebleeding in patients after oesophageal variceal band ligation: a retrospective, multicentre, nested case-control study. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:1183-1195. [PMID: 34292507 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between prognosis of variceal bleeding and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is unclear. In this multicentre study, we determined the effect of PVT on rebleeding and mortality in patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) after oesophageal variceal band ligation (EVL). METHODS Cirrhotic patients with AVB who had undergone EVL were included. The patients were allocated to either the PVT group or the control cirrhotic group (CCG) based on the presence or absence of PVT. One-year rebleeding episodes and mortality after EVL were recorded. RESULTS A total of 218 cirrhotic patients with AVB from 3 centres were included. Patients with PVT had a higher rate of 14-day and 6-week rebleeding than those without PVT (14-day: 8.26% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.03; 6-week: 11.92% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.003). The rates of 5-day failure (3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175), 1-year rebleeding (21.10% vs. 20.18%, p = 0.867), and 14-day, 6-week, and 1-year mortality were similar between the groups (14-day: 3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175; 6-week: 3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175; 1-year: 3.67% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.408). The Child-Pugh class [p = 0.022, hazard ratio (HR): 1.453; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.056-1.998], PVT (p = 0.050, HR: 4.622, 95% CI 0.999-21.395), albumin < 30 g/L (p = 0.023, HR: 5.886, 95% CI 1.272-27.245), and number of bands (p = 0.010, HR: 1.207, 95% CI 1.046-1.393) were identified as the predictors for 14-day rebleeding; the multivariate analysis revealed only the number of bands (p = 0.009, HR: 1.247, 95% CI 1.056-1.473) as the independent factor. PVT (p = 0.012, HR: 6.732, 95% CI 1.519-29.835) and albumin < 30 g/L (p = 0.027, HR: 3.643, 95% CI 1.160-11.441) were identified as predictors for 6-week rebleeding; however, only PVT (p = 0.015, HR: 6.380, 95% CI 1.427-28.515) was found to be the independent factor in the multivariate analysis. Further analysis showed that superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis is the only risk factor predicting 6-week rebleeding in patients with PVT (p = 0.032, HR: 3.405, 95% CI 1.112-10.429). CONCLUSIONS PVT was associated with high 14-day and 6-week rebleeding in patients after EVL. SMV thrombosis was the only risk factor for 6-week rebleeding in patients with PVT. High albumin levels may serve as a protective factor for the 14-day and 6-week rebleeding risk. PVT was not responsible for mortality after EVL during 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No.960 Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No.960 Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Determination of Non-Invasive Biomarkers for the Assessment of Fibrosis, Steatosis and Hepatic Iron Overload by MR Image Analysis. A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071178. [PMID: 34209547 PMCID: PMC8307019 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reference diagnostic test of fibrosis, steatosis, and hepatic iron overload is liver biopsy, a clear invasive procedure. The main objective of this work was to propose HSA, or human serum albumin, as a biomarker for the assessment of fibrosis and to study non-invasive biomarkers for the assessment of steatosis and hepatic iron overload by means of an MR image acquisition protocol. It was performed on a set of eight subjects to determine fibrosis, steatosis, and hepatic iron overload with four different MRI sequences. We calibrated longitudinal relaxation times (T1 [ms]) with seven human serum albumin (HSA [%]) phantoms, and we studied the relationship between them as this protein is synthesized by the liver, and its concentration decreases in advanced fibrosis. Steatosis was calculated by means of the fat fraction (FF [%]) between fat and water liver signals in “fat-only images” (the subtraction of in-phase [IP] images and out-of-phase [OOP] images) and in “water-only images” (the addition of IP and OOP images). Liver iron concentration (LIC [µmol/g]) was obtained by the transverse relaxation time (T2* [ms]) using Gandon’s method with multiple echo times (TE) in T2-weighted IP and OOP images. The preliminary results showed that there is an inverse relationship (r = −0.9662) between the T1 relaxation times (ms) and HSA concentrations (%). Steatosis was determined with FF > 6.4% and when the liver signal was greater than the paravertebral muscles signal, and thus, the liver appeared hyperintense in fat-only images. Hepatic iron overload was detected with LIC > 36 µmol/g, and in these cases, the liver signal was smaller than the paravertebral muscles signal, and thus, the liver behaved as hypointense in IP images.
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Supriyadi R, Agustanti N, Adisuhanto M. Increase Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha decreased Serum Cholesterol Level, but not Albumin, in Hemodialysis Patients with Non-Fibrotic Hepatitis C Infection. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C infection could increase the morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis by enhancing the inflammatory process. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) is the main regulator of the inflammatory cascade, which could induce malnutrition and suppress cholesterol and albumin production in the liver.
AIM: Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between serum TNF-a level with serum albumin and cholesterol levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis with and without hepatitis C infection.
METHODS: This research was an analytical cross-sectional study. The sample of this study consisted of patients undergoing routine hemodialysis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, in February 2020. The sample selection was using a random sampling method and analyzed with the Spearman rank correlation test.
RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients were divided into two groups, with hepatitis C infection (n=53) and without hepatitis C infection (n=66). The median value of serum TNF-α _was higher in the hepatitis C infection group compared to the group without hepatitis c infection (31.86 pg/ml vs 11.71 pg/ml, p <0.001). There was a correlation between serum TNF-α _and cholesterol in the hepatitis C infection (r = -0.246; p = 0.039) and without hepatitis c infection group (r = -0.256; p = 0.022). After adjusting with the duration of hemodialysis, this association was found to be significant in patients without Hepatitis C infection (p = 0.02) and borderline significant in patients with Hepatitis C infection (p = 0.09). There was no correlation between TNF-α _with albumin in both hepatitis C infection group (r = 0.082; p = 0.281) and without hepatitis C infection (r = -0.168; p = 0.094).
CONCLUSION: Serum TNF-α _negatively correlates with cholesterol levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis with and without hepatitis C infection. However, there was no correlation between TNF-α _and albumin level in both groups.
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Miyauchi S, Kim SJ, Lee W, Sugiyama Y. Consideration of albumin-mediated hepatic uptake for highly protein-bound anionic drugs: Bridging the gap of hepatic uptake clearance between in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107938. [PMID: 34171335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy in predicting in vivo hepatic clearance of drugs from in vitro data (often termed as in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation, IVIVE) has improved in part by applying the extended-clearance concept that considers the interplay between hepatic metabolism and uptake/efflux processes. However, the IVIVE-based prediction performs poorly in predicting the hepatic uptake clearance of highly albumin-bound anionic drugs. Their hepatic uptake clearances tend to be much higher than expected based on the free-drug theory. Such observation can be attributable to a phenomenon called albumin-mediated hepatic uptake, for which various models have been thus far proposed. Our group has been applying a facilitated-dissociation model, which assumes the enhanced dissociation of the drug-albumin complex upon interaction with the cell surface. By considering the albumin-mediated hepatic uptake (using the facilitated-dissociation model or alternative kinetic models), a number of investigations demonstrated the improvement in the prediction accuracy for the hepatic clearance of highly protein-bound anionic drugs that are substrates for hepatic uptake transporters. This review summarizes the reported kinetic analyses of the albumin-mediated hepatic uptake of highly albumin-bound drugs concerning the IVIVE and the clinical and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miyauchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Ribeiro AG, Alves JEF, Soares JCS, dos Santos KL, Jacob ÍTT, da Silva Ferreira CJ, dos Santos JC, de Azevedo RDS, de Almeida SMV, de Lima MDCA. Albumin roles in developing anticancer compounds. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu HL, Kuo HC, Li CC, Wu YM, Lin SP, Chang KY, Hou MC, Tsou MY, Cherng YG, Chen JT, Tai YH. A comparison of prognostic performance of perioperative inflammation markers in surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:614-622. [PMID: 33883464 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation correlates closely with tumor invasion and may predict survival in cancer patients. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of various inflammation-based markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 1450 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing surgical resection at the medical center between 2005 and 2016 and assessed them through September 2018. Prognostic nutritional index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio along with their perioperative dynamic changes were analyzed regarding their predictive ability of postoperative disease-free survival and overall survival. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of the association between inflammation-based markers and survival using multiple Cox proportional hazards models. Youden's index of receiver operating characteristics curves was used to determine optimal cut-off points. RESULTS Prognostic nutritional index was an independent predictor for both disease-free survival (<50.87 vs ≥50.87, HR: 1.274, 95% CI, 1.071-1.517, p = 0.007) and overall survival (<46.65 vs ≥46.65, HR: 1.420, 95% CI, 1.096-1.842, p = 0.008). Besides, the relative change of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicted overall survival (<277% vs ≥277%, HR: 1.634, 95% CI, 1.266-2.110, p < 0.001). Combination of both markers offered better prognostic performance for overall survival than either alone. Body mass index, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and tumor diameter were significantly associated with both markers. CONCLUSION Prognostic nutritional index and perioperative relative change of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio independently predict postoperative survival in patients undergoing surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results provided important evidence for risk stratification and individualized anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ming Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Forns X, Feld JJ, Dylla DE, Pol S, Chayama K, Hou J, Heo J, Lampertico P, Brown A, Bondin M, Tatsch F, Burroughs M, Marcinak J, Zhang Z, Emmett A, Gordon SC, Jacobson IM. Safety of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Treated with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir from Clinical Trials and Real-World Cohorts. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3409-3426. [PMID: 34021887 PMCID: PMC8189955 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction More than 70 million people are estimated to be infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) globally. If left untreated, HCV infection can lead to complications such as extensive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Evolution of treatments has resulted in highly effective and well-tolerated all-oral direct-acting antivirals. The pangenotypic regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is approved for treating HCV for patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (CC). Guidelines have evolved to simplify treatment to enable non-specialists to manage and treat HCV-infected patients. Simultaneously, such treatment algorithms provide guidance on the pretreatment identification of small subsets of patients who may require specialist treatment and long-term follow-up for advanced liver disease, including those at risk of developing HCC. This study describes the safety profile of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients identified using previously described noninvasive laboratory measures who may be eligible for treatment by non-liver specialists. Methods This post hoc analysis of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients, identified by noninvasive laboratory measures, intended to exclude patients with advanced liver disease and severe renal impairment, who can be managed within non-liver specialist settings. Patients were included from clinical trials and real-world studies of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for HCV treatment. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and safety assessments, including adverse events and laboratory abnormalities, were summarized. Results Data across these large-scale studies confirm that glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is well tolerated across different patient populations, with fewer than 0.1% of patients experiencing a serious adverse event related to treatment drugs, and few patients developing HCC during or after treatment. Conclusion The safety profile of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir enhances the confidence of non-liver specialists to treat the majority of HCV-infected patients, and provides an opportunity to expand the treater pool, potentially increasing diagnosis and treatment rates for HCV, contributing to elimination of HCV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01753-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stanislas Pol
- Liver Unit, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Inserm U-1223, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CRC "A.M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashley Brown
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart C Gordon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Gerner B, Scherf-Clavel O. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabozantinib to Simulate Enterohepatic Recirculation, Drug-Drug Interaction with Rifampin and Liver Impairment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060778. [PMID: 34067429 PMCID: PMC8224782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib (CAB) is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several cancer types. Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) of the substance is assumed but has not been further investigated yet. CAB is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 and is susceptible for drug-drug interactions (DDI). The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to investigate EHC, to simulate DDI with Rifampin and to simulate subjects with hepatic impairment. The model was established using PK-Sim® and six human clinical studies. The inclusion of an EHC process into the model led to the most accurate description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CAB. The model was able to predict plasma concentrations with low bias and good precision. Ninety-seven percent of all simulated plasma concentrations fell within 2-fold of the corresponding concentration observed. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were predicted correctly (predicted/observed ratio of 0.9-1.2 for AUC and 0.8-1.1 for Cmax). DDI with Rifampin led to a reduction in predicted AUC by 77%. Several physiological parameters were adapted to simulate hepatic impairment correctly. This is the first CAB model used to simulate DDI with Rifampin and hepatic impairment including EHC, which can serve as a starting point for further simulations with regard to special populations.
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Effect of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (15.6 ± 0.63 kg, 60 ± 2.8 days of age) were randomly allocated in 16 pens (four treatments of four replicates with two lambs each) for 30 days. The animals were assigned to the following treatments: T0, T100, T200 and T300, representing 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of curcumin/kg of concentrate, respectively. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.02) weight gain; on regression analysis, 315.1 mg curcumin/kg of concentrate was the dosage that provided the greatest weight gain. T200 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) erythrocytes numbers; T100 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.01) leukocyte numbers and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) lymphocyte numbers, compared to T0 lambs. Globulin levels were significantly greater in the T200 group (P = 0.04) only on day 15 but not day 30; levels of total protein were significantly higher (P = 0.01) only in T200 and T300 group on day 15 and only in T200 group on d 30. Gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in T100, T200 and T300 group on d 15, and only in the T100 group on d 30. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.01) the serum activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced (P = 0.01) levels of reactive oxygen species. In meat samples, T200 and T300 had greater total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.03) and lower (P = 0.01) lipoperoxidation rates. In carcasses, T300 lambs had greater (P ≤ 0.02) cooling weight losses and yields than did T0 lambs. Curcumin dietary supplementation also reduced (P ≤ 0.03) redness and yellowness. T200 and T300 lambs had fewer (P = 0.01) cooking losses and T200 lambs had greater (P = 0.03) water holding capacity than did T0 lambs. These findings suggest that curcumin dietary supplementation improves growth and antioxidant responses, as well as influencing meat quality in lambs.
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Gonzalez E, Azkargorta M, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Prieto-Elordui J, Elortza F, Blanco-Sampascual S, Falcon-Perez JM. Could protein content of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles be useful to detect Cirrhosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease? Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1864-1877. [PMID: 34131392 PMCID: PMC8193259 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse has a high impact on the mortality and morbidity related to a great number of diseases and is responsible for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). It remains challenging to detect and evaluate its severity, which is crucial for prognosis. In this work, we studied if urinary EVs (uEVs) could serve in diagnose and evaluate cirrhosis in ALD. To this purpose, uEVs characterization by cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Western blotting (WB) was performed in a cohort of 21 controls and 21 cirrhotic patients. Then, proteomics of uEVs was carried out in a second cohort of 6 controls and 8 patients in order to identify new putative biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD. Interestingly, uEVs concentration, size and protein composition were altered in cirrhotic patients. From a total of 1304 proteins identified in uEVs, 90 of them were found to be altered in cirrhotic patients. The results suggest that uEVs could be considered as a tool and a supplier of new biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD, whose application would be especially relevant in chronic patients. Yet, further research is necessary to obtain more relevant result in clinical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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Spada A, Emami J, Tuszynski JA, Lavasanifar A. The Uniqueness of Albumin as a Carrier in Nanodrug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1862-1894. [PMID: 33787270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is an appealing carrier in nanomedicine because of its unique features. First, it is the most abundant protein in plasma, endowing high biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity, and safety for its clinical application. Second, albumin chemical structure and conformation allows interaction with many different drugs, potentially protecting them from elimination and metabolism in vivo, thus improving their pharmacokinetic properties. Finally, albumin can interact with receptors overexpressed in many diseased tissues and cells, providing a unique feature for active targeting of the disease site without the addition of specific ligands to the nanocarrier. For this reason, albumin, characterized by an extended serum half-life of around 19 days, has the potential of promoting half-life extension and targeted delivery of drugs. Therefore, this article focuses on the importance of albumin as a nanodrug delivery carrier for hydrophobic drugs, taking advantage of the passive as well as active targeting potential of this nanocarrier. Particular attention is paid to the breakthrough NAB-Technology, with emphasis on the advantages of Nab-Paclitaxel (Abraxane), compared to the solvent-based formulations of Paclitaxel, i.e., CrEL-paclitaxel (Taxol) in a clinical setting. Finally, the role of albumin in carrying anticancer compounds is depicted, with a particular focus on the albumin-based formulations that are currently undergoing clinical trials. The article sheds light on the power of an endogenous substance, such as albumin, as a drug delivery system, signifies the importance of the drug vehicle in drug performance in the biological systems, and highlights the possible future trends in the use of this drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Spada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.,DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jaber Emami
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.,DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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80
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Weber M, Padmanabhan Nair V, Bauer T, Sprinzl MF, Protzer U, Vincendeau M. Increased HERV-K(HML-2) Transcript Levels Correlate with Clinical Parameters of Liver Damage in Hepatitis C Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040774. [PMID: 33807462 PMCID: PMC8065411 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is closely associated with a plethora of diseases, including cancers and autoimmune disorders. However, the distinct triggers and cellular networks leading to such HCV-derived diseases are poorly understood. Around 8% of the human genome consists of human endogenous retroviruses. They are usually silenced but can be reactivated by environmental conditions, including viral infections. Our current understanding indicates that the activation of one specific family-namely, HERV-K(HML-2)-is linked to distinct pathologies, including cancer and autoimmunity. In this study, we analyzed the transcription levels of HERV-K(HML-2) in 42 HCV-infected patients receiving direct-acting antiviral therapies. Samples from the start of treatment until 12 weeks post-treatment were investigated. Our results show increased HERV-K(HML-2) transcript levels in patients with HCV-derived liver cirrhosis throughout the observation period. Several clinical parameters specifying poor liver function are positively correlated with HERV-K(HML-2) expression. Of note, patients without a sustained viral clearance showed a drastic increase in HERV-K(HML-2) transcript levels. Together, our data suggest that increased HERV-K(HML-2) expression is correlated with reduced liver function as well as therapy success in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Weber
- Institute of Virology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; (M.W.); (V.P.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Vidya Padmanabhan Nair
- Institute of Virology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; (M.W.); (V.P.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; (M.W.); (V.P.N.); (T.B.)
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Martin F. Sprinzl
- Medical Department, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; (M.W.); (V.P.N.); (T.B.)
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich 81675, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Michelle Vincendeau
- Institute of Virology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; (M.W.); (V.P.N.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: (U.P.); (M.V.)
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81
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Arévalo AP, Pagotto R, Pórfido JL, Daghero H, Segovia M, Yamasaki K, Varela B, Hill M, Verdes JM, Duhalde Vega M, Bollati-Fogolín M, Crispo M. Ivermectin reduces in vivo coronavirus infection in a mouse experimental model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7132. [PMID: 33785846 PMCID: PMC8010049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of ivermectin for the treatment of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a type 2 family RNA coronavirus similar to SARS-CoV-2. Female BALB/cJ mice were infected with 6,000 PFU of MHV-A59 (group infected, n = 20) or infected and then immediately treated with a single dose of 500 µg/kg ivermectin (group infected + IVM, n = 20) or were not infected and treated with PBS (control group, n = 16). Five days after infection/treatment, the mice were euthanized and the tissues were sampled to assess their general health status and infection levels. Overall, the results demonstrated that viral infection induced typical MHV-caused disease, with the livers showing severe hepatocellular necrosis surrounded by a severe lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltration associated with a high hepatic viral load (52,158 AU), while mice treated with ivermectin showed a better health status with a lower viral load (23,192 AU; p < 0.05), with only a few having histopathological liver damage (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the group infected + IVM and control group mice (P = NS). Furthermore, serum transaminase levels (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) were significantly lower in the treated mice than in the infected animals. In conclusion, ivermectin diminished the MHV viral load and disease in the mice, being a useful model for further understanding this therapy against coronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Arévalo
- Transgenic and Experimental Animal Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Pagotto
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J L Pórfido
- Transgenic and Experimental Animal Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Worm Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Daghero
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Segovia
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - K Yamasaki
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Pathology Unit, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - B Varela
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Pathology Unit, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Hill
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J M Verdes
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Pathology Unit, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Duhalde Vega
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Chemical Physics (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Bollati-Fogolín
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Crispo
- Transgenic and Experimental Animal Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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82
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Zeng Z, Liu H, Xu H, Lu H, Yu Y, Xu X, Yu M, Zhang T, Tian X, Xi H, Guan L, Zhang J, O'Brien SJ. Genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with risk of HBV infection and disease progression. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:84. [PMID: 33736632 PMCID: PMC7977299 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified susceptibility genes of HBV clearance, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and showed the host genetic factors play an important role in these HBV-related outcomes. METHODS Collected samples from different outcomes of HBV infection and performed genotyping by Affymetrix 500 k SNP Array. GCTA tool, PLINK, and Bonferroni method were applied for analysis of genotyping and disease progression. ANOVA was used to evaluate the significance of the association between biomarkers and genotypes in healthy controls. PoMo, FST, Vcftools and Rehh package were used for building the racial tree and population analysis. FST statistics accesses 0.15 was used as a threshold to detect the signature of selection. RESULTS There are 1031 participants passed quality control from 1104 participants, including 275 HBV clearance, 92 asymptomatic persistence infection (ASPI), 93 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 188 HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis (DC), 214 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 169 healthy controls (HC). In the case-control study, one novel locus significantly associated with CHB (SNP: rs1264473, Gene: GRHL2, P = 1.57 × 10-6) and HCC (SNP: rs2833856, Gene: EVA1C, P = 1.62 × 10-6; SNP: rs4661093, Gene: ETV3, P = 2.26 × 10-6). In the trend study across progressive stages post HBV infection, one novel locus (SNP: rs1537862, Gene: LACE1, P = 1.85 × 10-6), and three MHC loci (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DPA2) showed significant increased progressive risk from ASPI to CHB. Underlying the evolutionary study of HBV-related genes in public database, the derived allele of two HBV clearance related loci, rs3077 and rs9277542, are under strong selection in European population. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified several novel candidate genes associated with individual HBV infectious outcomes, progressive stages, and liver enzymes. Two SNPs that show selective significance (HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1) in non-East Asian (European, American, South Asian) versus East Asian, indicating that host genetic factors contribute to the ethnic disparities of susceptibility of HBV infection. Taken together, these findings provided a new insight into the role of host genetic factors in HBV related outcomes and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | | | | | - Haiying Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiulan Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hongli Xi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | | | | | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197101.
- Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, 33004, USA.
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83
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Protein-templated copper nanoclusters for fluorimetric determination of human serum albumin. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:116. [PMID: 33686548 PMCID: PMC7940276 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are attractive for their unique optical properties, providing sensitive fluorescent detection of several kinds of targets even in complex matrices. Their ability in growing on suitable protein and nucleic acid templates make CuNCs efficient optical reporters to be exploited in bioanalysis. In this work, we report the specific and sensitive determination of human serum albumin (HSA) in human serum (HS) and urine via CuNCs fluorescence. HSA is the most abundant protein in plasma, and plays a key role in the early diagnosis of serious pathological conditions such as albuminuria and albuminemia. Recently, HSA has become clinically central also as a biomarker to assess severity, progression, and prognosis of various cancers. We report the controlled and reproducible growth of CuNCs directly on the target analyte, HSA, which results in a fine dose-dependent fluorescent emission at 405 nm. The protocol is optimized in water, and then applied to serum and urine specimens, without matrix pretreatment. The method linearly responds within the whole concentration of clinical interest, with a sensitivity of 1.8 ± 0.1 × 10-3 g L-1 and 0.62 ± 0.03 × 10-3 g L-1 in serum and urine, respectively, and excellent reproducibility (CVav% ca. 3% for both). The assay is designed to have a single protocol working for both matrices, with recovery of 95% (HS) and 96% (urine). The stability of the fluorescence after CuNCs formation was tested over 3 days, displaying good results (yet higher in urine than in serum).
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84
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Zhao H, Zhou M, Zheng Q, Zhu M, Yang Z, Hu C, Xu L. Clinical features and Outcomes of Cryptococcemia patients with and without HIV infection. Mycoses 2021; 64:656-667. [PMID: 33609302 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryptococcemia on patient outcomes in those with or without HIV remain unclear. METHODS One hundred and seventy-nine cryptococcemia patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic characteristics, blood test results and outcome were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The diagnosis time of Cryptococcus infection was 2.0(0-6.0) days for HIV-infected patients, 5.0 (1.5-8.0) days for HIV-uninfected patients (p = .008), 2.0 (1.0-6.0) days for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients and 6.0 (5.0-8.0) days for non-CM patients (p < .001). HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval): 6.0(2.3-15.9)], CRP < 15 mg/L [AOR:3.7(1.7-8.1)) and haemoglobin > 110 g/L [AOR:2.5(1.2-5.4)] were risk factors for CM development. Forty-six (25.7%) patients died within 90 days. ICU stay [AOR:2.8(1.1-7.1)], hypoalbuminemia [AOR:2.7(1.4-5.3)], no anti-cryptococcal treatment [AOR:4.7(1.9-11.7)] and altered consciousness [AOR:2.4(1.0-5.5)] were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in all patients. HIV infection did not increase the 90-day mortality of cryptococcemia patients when anti-Cryptococcus treatment was available. Non-Amphotericin B treatment [AOR:3.4(1.0-11.2)] was associated with 90-day mortality in HIV-infected patients, but age ≥ 50.0 years old [AOR:2.7(1.0-2.9)], predisposing disease [AOR:4.1(1.2-14.2)] and altered consciousness [AOR:3.7(1.1-12.9)] were associated with 90-day mortality in HIV-uninfected patients who accepted anti-Cryptococcus treatment. CONCLUSION HIV infection increased the incidence of CM rather than mortality in cryptococcemia patients. The predictive model was completely divergent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, suggesting that novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment algorithms are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Zhou
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- Department II of Infectious Diseases, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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85
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Yan L, Messner CJ, Zhang X, Suter-Dick L. Assessment of fibrotic pathways induced by environmental chemicals using 3D-human liver microtissue model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110679. [PMID: 33387535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals, particularly those with persistent and bioaccumulative properties have been linked to liver diseases. Induction of fibrotic pathways is considered as a pre-requirement of chemical induced liver fibrosis. Here, we applied 3D in vitro human liver microtissues (MTs) composed of HepaRG, THP-1 and hTERT-HSC that express relevant hepatic pathways (bile acid, sterol, and xenobiotic metabolism) and can recapitulate key events of liver fibrosis (e.g. extracellular matrix-deposition). The liver MTs were exposed to a known profibrotic chemical, thioacetamide (TAA) and three representative environmental chemicals (TCDD, benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and PCB126). Both TAA and BaP triggered fibrotic pathway related events such as hepatocellular damage (cytotoxicity and decreased albumin release), hepatic stellate cell activation (transcriptional upregulation of α-SMA and Col1α1) and extracellular matrix remodelling. TCDD or PCB126 at measured concentrations did not elicit these responses in the 3D liver MTs system, though they caused cytotoxicity in HepaRG monoculture at high concentrations. Reduced human transcriptome (RHT) analysis captured molecular responses involved in liver fibrosis when MTs were treated with TAA and BaP. The results suggest that 3D, multicellular, human liver microtissues represent an alternative, human-relevant, in vitro liver model for assessing fibrotic pathways induced by environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Catherine Jane Messner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, 4003, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4056, Switzerland
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86
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Xue C, Gu X, Li G, Bao Z, Li L. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Necroptosis in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010066. [PMID: 33374660 PMCID: PMC7793526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death represents a basic biological paradigm that governs outcomes and long-term sequelae in almost every hepatic disease. Necroptosis is a common form of programmed cell death in the liver. Necroptosis can be activated by ligands of death receptors, which then interact with receptor-interactive protein kinases 1 (RIPK1). RIPK1 mediates receptor interacting receptor-interactive protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and necrosome formation. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necrosome complex can enhance oxidative respiration and generate reactive oxygen species, which can be a crucial factor in the susceptibility of cells to necroptosis. The necrosome complex is also linked to mitochondrial components such as phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), metabolic enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial permeability protein, and cyclophilin D. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria-mediated cell necroptosis in acute liver injury, chronic liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and its possible translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence:
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87
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Ahn J, Ahn JH, Yoon S, Son MY, Cho S, Oh JH. Quantification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in 3D liver microtissues using impedance spectroscopy. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120599. [PMID: 33341736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global pandemic. However, a pharmacological cure has not been approved for NAFLD treatment. The greatest barriers to the development of new treatments are the ambiguous criteria among the NAFLD stages and the lack of quantitative methodologies for its disease assessment in a translatable preclinical model. In this study, we developed impedance assessment systems to quantify NAFLD progression in three-dimensional (3D) liver microtissue (hMT). The hMT model undergoing NAFLD represents clinical-like characteristics for a range of stages, such as lipid accumulation, cell ballooning, and stiffening. Each stage can be quantitatively assessed by an impedance system with microchannels under constant or dynamic pressure, depending on the relevant mechanical and morphological changes used in the clinical assessment of NAFLD. We determined a correlation between the impedance parameters and pathophysiological characteristics, such as gap widening and cytoplasmic deformation associated with NAFLD progression using bioimpedance simulation, showing hMTs struggling to return to normal states. In addition, we identified the relative stiffness to assess fibrogenesis from the correlation of resistance change and elongation length into the smaller channel of hMTs. We hope this methodology will have a significant impact on drug development by facilitating improved NAFLD assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Ahn
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Bio Medical Research Center, Bio Medical & Health Division, Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL), Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Mohamed AA, Hemeda AA, Aziz RK, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Ali-Tammam M. Body mass index (BMI) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level correlate with the severity of HCV-induced fibrosis in a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic HCV. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Viral hepatitis is the seventh leading cause of mortality globally, and half of this mortality is attributed to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Egypt has the highest HCV prevalence worldwide, with an estimated 14.7% of the population being HCV-positive. HCV infection is the primary cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis varies in severity during chronic HCV infection, and 10–20% of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with severe fibrosis develop cirrhosis. The goal of this work was to assess the clinico-demographic predictors of severity of HCV-induced fibrosis in a cohort of Egyptian patients.
Results
A cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic HCV genotype 4a infection showed significant association between severe fibrosis stages and obesity, represented by a higher body mass index (BMI), low albumin level, high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. Multivariate analysis delineated BMI, TSH, and ALP as independent significant variables that could predict the risk of fibrosis severity in HCV infections.
Conclusion
This study argues in favor of using the biomarker profile of CHC patients infected with HCV genotype 4a to identify patients at higher risk of developing severe fibrosis, which is a necessary first step towards precision medicine via patient stratification.
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89
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Rahmani-Kukia N, Abbasi A, Pakravan N, Hassan ZM. Measurement of oxidized albumin: An opportunity for diagnoses or treatment of COVID-19. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104429. [PMID: 33161256 PMCID: PMC7598366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) as the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, can be a good indicator for evaluating severity of some diseases in the clinic. HSA can be find in two forms: reduced albumin (human mercaptalbumin (HMA)) and oxidized albumin (human non-mercaptalbumin (HNA)). The rate of oxidized albumin to total albumin can be enhanced in multiple diseases. Increase in HNA level have been demonstrated in liver, diabetes plus fatigue and coronary artery diseases. In liver patients, this enhancement can reach to 50-200 percent which can then lead to bacterial/viral infections and eventually death in severe conditions. Due to the induction of cytokine storm, we can say that the level of HNA in serum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may be a positive predictor of mortality, especially in patients with underlying diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, aging and other inflammatory diseases. We suggest that checking oxidized albumin in COVID-19 patients may provide new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities to better combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rahmani-Kukia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zuhair Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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90
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Li HY, Yang JB, Li WF, Qiu CX, Hu G, Wang ST, Song YF, Gao HY, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng XL, Wei F, Jin HT, Ma SC. In vivo hepatotoxicity screening of different extracts, components, and constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Thunb. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110524. [PMID: 33152900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used to treat a variety of diseases. However, the hepatotoxicity associated with PM hampers its clinical application and development. In this study, we refined the zebrafish hepatotoxicity model with regard to the following endpoints: liver size, liver gray value, and the area of yolk sac. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, and microRNAs-122 were evaluated to verify the model. Subsequently, this model was used to screen different extracts, components, and constituents of PM, including 70 % EtOH extracts of PM, four fractions from macroporous resin (components A, B, C, and D), and 19 compounds from component D. We found that emodin, chrysophanol, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (cis)-emodin-emodin dianthrones, and (trans)-emodin-emodin dianthrones showed higher hepatotoxicity compared to other components in PM, whereas polyphenols showed lower hepatotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify that dianthrones may account for the hepatotoxicity of PM. We believe that these findings will be helpful in regulating the hepatotoxicity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wan-Fang Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cai-Xia Qiu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guang Hu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yun-Fei Song
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui-Yu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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91
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Johnson AS, Fatemi R, Winlow W. SARS-CoV-2 Bound Human Serum Albumin and Systemic Septic Shock. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:153. [PMID: 33088822 PMCID: PMC7498713 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 virus and the subsequent pandemic have driven a great deal of research activity. The effects of COVID-19 are caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is the underlying actions of SARs-CoV-2 virions on the endothelial glycocalyx that we consider here. One of the key factors in COVID-19 infection is its almost unique age-related profile, with a doubling in mortality every 10 years after the age of 50. The endothelial glycocalyx layer is essential in maintaining normal fluid homeostasis, but is fragile and prone to pathophysiological damage. It is physiologically significant in capillary microcirculation and in fluid distribution to the tissues. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is created in the liver which also maintains its concentration, but this reduces by 10-15% after 50 years of age. HSA transports hormones, free fatty acids and maintains oncotic pressure, but SARS-CoV-2 virions bind competitively to HSA diminishing its normal transport function. Furthermore, hypoalbuminemia is frequently observed in patients with such conditions as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic heart failure, i.e., those most vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hypoalbuminemia, coagulopathy, and vascular disease have been linked in COVID-19 and have been shown to predict outcome independent of age and morbidity. Hypoalbuminemia is also known factor in sepsis and Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluids build-up in the alveoli and it is associated with sepsis, whose mechanism is systemic, being associated with the fluid and logistic mechanisms of the circulation. Glycocalyx damage is associated with changes plasma protein concentration, particularly HSA and blockage of albumin transport can produce the systemic symptoms seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection and sepsis. We therefore conclude that albumin binding to SARS-CoV-2 virions may inhibit the formation of the endothelial glycocalyx by inhibition of albumin transport binding sites. We postulate that albumin therapy to replace bound albumin might alleviate some of the symptoms leading to sepsis and that clinical trials to test this postulation should be initiated as a matter of urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Johnson
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rouholah Fatemi
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - William Winlow
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, The Apex Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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92
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Wang LT, Wang HH, Chiang HC, Huang LY, Chiu SK, Siu LK, Liu KJ, Yen ML, Yen BL. Human Placental MSC-Secreted IL-1β Enhances Neutrophil Bactericidal Functions during Hypervirulent Klebsiella Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108188. [PMID: 32997996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) causes severe infections even in healthy individuals by escaping surveillance and killing from polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), the first-line leukocytes in bacterial infections; moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains further limits treatment options. We therefore assess whether multilineage mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), best known for immunomodulation toward T cells, could be therapeutic for highly virulent bacterial infections via modulation of PMNs. We find that both bone marrow MSCs and placental MSCs (PMSCs) preserve in vitro PMN survival, but only PMSCs significantly enhance multiple PMN bactericidal functions, including phagocytosis, through secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). PMSC treatment of hvKP-infected mice suppresses T and natural killer (NK) cell responses as expected but can preferentially recruit PMNs and enhance antibacterial functions to allow for disease survival; IL-1β knockdown in PMSCs significantly decreases hvKP clearance, worsening survival and resulting in 100% lethality. Our data strongly implicate the possible use of PMSCs for infections of PMN-resistant hvKP strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Huan Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yueh Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - L Kristopher Siu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital and College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital Shiji, New Taipei 221, Taiwan.
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93
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Vegetable biocholine supplementation in pre- and postpartum Lacaune sheep: Effects on animal health, milk production and quality. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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94
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Trichloroethylene injures rat liver and elevates the level of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (Ehhadh). Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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95
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Silva JAX, Albertini AVP, Fonseca CSM, Silva DCN, Carvalho VCO, Lima VLM, Fontes A, Costa EVL, Nogueira RA. Biomechanical and biochemical investigation of erythrocytes in late stage human leptospirosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9268. [PMID: 32578717 PMCID: PMC7307891 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus
Leptospira, which can cause lipid changes in the
erythrocyte membrane. Optical tweezers were used to characterize rheological
changes in erythrocytes from patients with leptospirosis in the late stage.
Biochemical methods were also used for quantification of plasma lipid,
erythrocyte membrane lipid, and evaluation of liver function. Our data showed
that the mean elastic constant of erythrocytes from patients with leptospirosis
was around 67% higher than the control (healthy individuals), indicating that
patient’s erythrocytes were less elastic. In individuals with leptospirosis,
several alterations in relation to control were observed in the plasma lipids,
however, in the erythrocyte membrane, only phosphatidylcholine showed a
significant difference compared to control, increasing around 41%. With respect
to the evaluation of liver function of individuals with leptospirosis, there was
a significant increase in levels of alanine transaminase (154%) and aspartate
transaminase (150%), whereas albumin was 43.8% lower than control (P<0.01).
The lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase fractional activity was 3.6 times lower
in individuals with leptospirosis than in the healthy individuals (P<0.01).
The decrease of the erythrocyte elasticity may be related to the changes of
erythrocyte membrane phospholipids composition caused by disturbances that occur
during human leptospirosis, with phosphatidylcholine being a strong candidate in
the erythrocyte rheological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A X Silva
- Laboratório de Biofísica Teórico-Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Centro de Apoio è Pesquisa, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A V P Albertini
- Laboratório de Biofísica Teórico-Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Centro de Apoio è Pesquisa, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - C S M Fonseca
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - D C N Silva
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - V C O Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - V L M Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - E V L Costa
- Laboratório de Biofísica Teórico-Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Centro de Apoio è Pesquisa, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - R A Nogueira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Teórico-Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Centro de Apoio è Pesquisa, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil
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96
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Park JM, Do VQ, Seo YS, Duong MTH, Ahn HC, Huh HJ, Lee MY. Application of Fisetin to the Quantitation of Serum Albumin. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020459. [PMID: 32046075 PMCID: PMC7073753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed natural flavonol. It interacts with albumin, and thereby generates a fluorescence signal quantitatively. Based on such optical characteristics, we postulated that fisetin was applicable to the quantitation of albumin as an indicator. To establish the fisetin-based albumin assay, we examined the optical properties of fisetin and fisetin–albumin complex. The assay conditions were fine-tuned to fit for the actual concentration of serum albumin and to generate an optimal signal with a high signal-to-background ratio. The reaction between fisetin and albumin was linear in a wide range of concentrations. Non-protein serum components did not interfere with the reaction. The reactivity of fisetin was apparently specific for albumin among serum proteins. Both plasma and serum were compatible with the assay. The samples could be stored in a refrigerator or a freezer without the loss of reactivity toward fisetin. The generation and decay rates of the signal were acceptable for manual handling. The recovery of fortified albumin in serum was confirmed and the assay was validated with human sera. Fisetin-based albumin assay is suitable for clinical laboratory testing, considering the simple and short procedure, high specificity and sensitivity, linearity over a wide range of albumin concentrations, and, presumably, potential automatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Van Quan Do
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Men Thi Hoai Duong
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5222
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97
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Survival of endogenous hepatic stem/progenitor cells in liver tissues during liver cirrhosis. Life Sci 2020; 241:117121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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98
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Leão GS, John Neto G, Jotz RDF, Mattos AAD, Mattos ÂZD. Albumin for cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections: A meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:2071-2076. [PMID: 31353630 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Bacterial infections are among the main causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. While there are unquestionable benefits of using albumin in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the benefits of albumin are controversial for those with extraperitoneal infections. The aim was to compare the use of albumin associated to antibiotics and antibiotics alone in cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections. METHODS A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing albumin associated to antibiotics and antibiotics alone in cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections were considered eligible, as long as at least one of the following outcomes was evaluated: mortality and renal dysfunction. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model, through the Mantel-Haenszel method. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO platform (CRD42018107191). RESULTS The literature search yielded 812 references. Three randomized controlled trials fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. There was no evidence of significant difference between the groups regarding mortality in 30 days (risk ratio [RR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-2.84, P = 0.09, I2 = 0%) or in 90 days (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.89-1.83, P = 0.19, I2 = 0%). Regarding renal dysfunction, there was also no evidence of significant difference between the groups (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.25-1.19, P = 0.13, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION There is no evidence of significant benefits of using albumin for cirrhotic patients with extraperitoneal infections regarding mortality or renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Stefani Leão
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme John Neto
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Freitas Jotz
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelo Alves de Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Zambam de Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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