51
|
Wu T, Wang L, Jian C, Gao C, Liu Y, Fu Z, Shi C. Regulatory T cell-derived exosome mediated macrophages polarization for osteogenic differentiation in fracture repair. J Control Release 2024; 369:266-282. [PMID: 38508525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Refractory fracture presents an intractable challenge in trauma treatment. Selective polarization of macrophages as well as the recruitment of osteogenic precursor cells play key roles in osteogenic differentiation during fracture healing. Here we constructed regulatory T cell (Treg)-derived exosomes (Treg-Exo) for the treatment of fracture. The obtained exosomes displayed a spheroid shape with a hydrated particle size of approximately 130 nm. With further purification using CD39 and CD73 antibody-modified microfluidic chips, CD39 and CD73 specifically expressing exosomes were obtained. This kind of Treg-Exo utilized the ectonucleotidases of CD39 and CD73 to catalyze the high level of ATP in the fracture area into adenosine. The generated adenosine further promoted the selective polarization of macrophages. When interacting with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, osteogenic precursor cells), both Treg-Exo and Treg-Exo primed macrophages facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. After administration in vivo, Treg-Exo effectively promoted fracture healing compared with conventional T cell-derived exosome. To further improve the delivery efficacy of exosomes and integrate multiple biological processes of fracture healing, an injectable hydrogel was fabricated to co-deliver Treg-Exo and stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). With the dual effect of Treg-Exo for macrophage polarization and SDF-1α for MSC recruitment, the multifunctional hydrogel exerted a synergistic effect on fracture repair acceleration. This study provided a promising therapeutic candidate and synergistic strategy for the clinical treatment of fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang S, Jia Z, Dai M, Feng X, Tang C, Liu L, Cao L. Advances in natural and synthetic macromolecules with stem cells and extracellular vesicles for orthopedic disease treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131874. [PMID: 38692547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Serious orthopedic disorders resulting from myriad diseases and impairments continue to pose a considerable challenge to contemporary clinical care. Owing to its limited regenerative capacity, achieving complete bone tissue regeneration and complete functional restoration has proven challenging with existing treatments. By virtue of cellular regenerative and paracrine pathways, stem cells are extensively utilized in the restoration and regeneration of bone tissue; however, low survival and retention after transplantation severely limit their therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, biomolecule materials provide a delivery platform that improves stem cell survival, increases retention, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we present the basic concepts of stem cells and extracellular vesicles from different sources, emphasizing the importance of using appropriate expansion methods and modification strategies. We then review different types of biomolecule materials, focusing on their design strategies. Moreover, we summarize several forms of biomaterial preparation and application strategies as well as current research on biomacromolecule materials loaded with stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Finally, we present the challenges currently impeding their clinical application for the treatment of orthopedic diseases. The article aims to provide researchers with new insights for subsequent investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supeng Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China; Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang 332000, China; Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jia
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Minghai Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Xujun Feng
- Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China.
| | - Lingling Cao
- Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Li X, Gao T, Ma X, Zhong J, Qin L, Nian Y, Wang X, Luo Y. Extraction and identification of exosomes from three different sources of human ovarian granulosa cells and analysis of their differential miRNA expression profiles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1371-1385. [PMID: 38492155 PMCID: PMC11143209 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As important functional cells in the ovary, ovarian granulosa cells are involved in the regulation of oocyte growth and development and play an important role in the study of female fertility preservation. Based on the importance of granulosa cell functionalism, in this study, we analyzed the exosome secretion capacity of human ovarian granulosa cells (SVOG/KGN-cell line, PGC-primary cells) and the differences in their miRNA expression. METHODS Cells were identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and FSHR immunofluorescence staining; CCK8 and colony-forming assay were performed to compare cell proliferation capacity; exosomes were extracted and identified by ultra-high speed centrifugation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot analysis (WB), and the expression profile of each cellular exosomal miRNA was analyzed by miRNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The proliferative abilities of the three granulosa cells differed, but all had the ability to secrete exosomes. In the exosomes of SVOG, KGN, and PGC cells, 218, 327, and 471 miRNAs were detected, respectively. When compared to the exosomal miRNAs of PGC cells, 111 miRNAs were significantly different in SVOG, and 70 miRNAs were washed two significantly different in KGN cells. These differential miRNA functions were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, cell division/differentiation, multicellular biogenesis, and protein binding. CONCLUSION Human ovarian granulosa cells of different origins are capable of secreting exosomes, but there are still some differences in their exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, and experimental subjects should be selected rationally according to the actual situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Li
- Department of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 1106 of Shengli Road, Xingqin District, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Hui Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Department of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 1106 of Shengli Road, Xingqin District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiawen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Hui Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Hui Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yan Nian
- Department of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 1106 of Shengli Road, Xingqin District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Hui Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuxue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Maintenance, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Hui Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Fan Z, Zhou J, Shu Q, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Bai G, Yu H, Lu F, Li J, Zhao X. Aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated proximity entropy-driven exosomal protein reporter for tumor diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116104. [PMID: 38368644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal proteins from the parental cells are considered to be promising biomarker sets for precise tumor diagnostics and monitoring. However, the accurate quantitative analysis of low-abundance exosomal proteins remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical samples. Here, we standardized the exosomal concentration with a fluorogenic membrane probe and developed an aptamer-bivalent-cholesterol-mediated Proximity Entropy-driven Exosomal Protein Reporter (PEEPR). The proposed PEEPR enables the in-situ analysis of multiple exosomal proteins by integrating bivalent cholesterol anchor (exosomal lipid bilayer) and aptamer (exosomal proteins) with a proximity entropy-driven circuit. Based on this strategy, we successfully achieved detection limits of 3.9 pg/mL exosomal GPC-3 and 3.4 pg/mL exosomal PD-L1. Notably, the standardization of exosome concentrations is designed to avoid errors due to biological heterogeneity. The results showed that evaluating the levels of exosomal GPC-3 and PD-L1 in clinical samples via this strategy could accurately differentiate healthy individuals, hepatitis B patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In summary, PEEPR is a promising clinical diagnostic strategy for the quantitative analysis of a variety of tumor-associated exosomal proteins for the precise diagnosis and personalized treatment monitoring of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xingcheng Special Service Sanatorium of Strategic Support Force, Huludao, 125100, China
| | - Qiuxia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Li S, Guan X, Yu W, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Bai Y. Effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on cementoblast activity. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2511-2522. [PMID: 37448205 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes derived from stem cells are a potential cell-free tool for tissue regeneration with therapeutic potential. However, its application in cementum repair is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on the biological activity of cementoblasts, the main effector cells in cementum synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultured with various human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosome concentrations. OCCM-30 cells proliferation, migration, and cementogenic mineralization were examined, along with the gene and protein expression of factors associated with cementoblastic mineralization. RESULTS Exosomal promoted the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of OCCM-30 cells. The exosome-treated group significantly increased the expression of cementogenic-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT was enhanced by exosome administration. Treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor markedly attenuated the gene and protein expression of cementoblastic factors, and this effect was partially reversed by exosome administration. CONCLUSIONS Human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes can promote the activity of cementoblasts via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing a scientific basis for promoting the repair process in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Jokhio S, Peng I, Peng CA. Extracellular vesicles isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves reveal characteristics of mammalian exosomes. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01954-x. [PMID: 38683390 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing a myriad of bioactive proteins, microRNAs, lipids, and secondary metabolites, have recently become the focus of rising interest due to their important roles in various applications. The widely accepted method for isolating plant EVs is differential ultracentrifugation plus density gradient centrifugation. However, the combination of differential ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation for the isolation of plant EVs is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, there is a need for more efficient methods to perform the separation of plant EVs. In this study, EVs were separated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by a cost-effective polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation approach. The mean size of purified Arabidopsis thaliana EVs determined by dynamic light scattering was 266 nm, which is consistent with nanoparticle tracking analysis. The size was also confirmed via transmission electron microscopy with morphology of a cup-shaped appearance which is the typical mammalian exosome's morphology. Additionally, Western blotting of the purified Arabidopsis thaliana EVs, using commercially available mammalian exosomal kits, displayed surface marker tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, and CD81), and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-associated proteins (TSG101 and ALIX). This demonstrates that the purified Arabidopsis thaliana EVs reveal the typical proteins reported in mammalian exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Jokhio
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Ian Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Di Y, Zhao S, Fan H, Li W, Jiang G, Wang Y, Li C, Wang W, Wang J. Mass Production of Rg1-Loaded Small Extracellular Vesicles Using a 3D Bioreactor System for Enhanced Cardioprotective Efficacy of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:593. [PMID: 38794255 PMCID: PMC11126075 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown cardioprotective efficacy in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). However, their clinical application is limited due to the low yield and high consumption. This study aims to achieve large-scale production of sEVs using a three-dimensional (3D) bioreactor system. In addition, sEVs were developed to deliver Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, Ginseng, that has cardioprotective properties but limited bioavailability, to enhance the treatment of DIC. METHODS The 3D bioreactor system with spinner flasks was used to expand human umbilical cord MSCs and collect MSC-conditioned medium. Subsequently, sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium using differential ultra-centrifugation (dUC). The sEVs were loaded with Ginsenoside Rg1 by electroporation and evaluated for cardioprotective efficacy using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis, Annexin V/PI staining and live cell count of H9c2 cells under DIC. RESULTS Using the 3D bioreactor system with spinner flasks, the expansion of MSCs reached ~600 million, and the production of sEVs was up to 2.2 × 1012 particles in five days with significantly reduced bench work compared to traditional 2D flasks. With the optimized protocol, the Ginsenoside Rg1 loading efficiency of sEVs by electroporation was ~21%, higher than sonication or co-incubation. Moreover, Rg1-loaded sEVs had attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity with reduced apoptosis compared to free Ginsenoside Rg1 or sEVs. CONCLUSIONS The 3D culture system scaled up the production of sEVs, which facilitated the Rg1 delivery and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, suggesting a potential treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Di
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
| | - Huilan Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China;
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China (G.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Li J, Lu S, Chen F, Zhu H. Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388574. [PMID: 38726015 PMCID: PMC11079170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, transparent vesicles that can be found in various biological fluids and are derived from the amplification of cell membranes. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that EVs play a crucial regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development, including the progression of metastatic tumors in distant organs. Brain metastases (BMs) are highly prevalent in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and patients often experience serious complications and are often associated with a poor prognosis. The immune microenvironment of brain metastases was different from that of the primary tumor. Nevertheless, the existing review on the role and therapeutic potential of EVs in immune microenvironment of BMs is relatively limited. Main body This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the published research literature, summarizing the vital role of EVs in BMs. Studies have demonstrated that EVs participate in the regulation of the BMs immune microenvironment, exemplified by their ability to modify the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, change immune cell infiltration, and activate associated cells for promoting tumor cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, EVs have the potential to serve as biomarkers for disease surveillance and prediction of BMs. Conclusion Overall, EVs play a key role in the regulation of the immune microenvironment of brain metastasis and are expected to make advances in immunotherapy and disease diagnosis. Future studies will help reveal the specific mechanisms of EVs in brain metastases and use them as new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Memarpour S, Raoufinia R, Saburi E, Razavi MS, Attaran M, Fakoor F, Rahimi HR. The future of diabetic wound healing: unveiling the potential of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomes therapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2024; 13:87-100. [PMID: 38765803 PMCID: PMC11101987 DOI: 10.62347/ovbk9820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem and is one of the most challenging medical conditions worldwide. It is the severe complications that make this disease more intricate. A diabetic wound is one of these complications. Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Due to the ineffectiveness of Conventional treatments, growth in limb amputation, morbidity, and mortality have been recognized, which indicates the need for additional treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can significantly improve wound healing. However, there are some risks related to stem cell therapy. Exosome therapy is a new treatment option for diabetic wounds that has shown promising results. However, an even more advanced form called cell-free therapy using exosomes has emerged. This upgraded version of stem cell therapy offers improved efficacy and eliminates the risk of cancer progression. Exosome therapy promotes wound healing from multiple angles, unlike traditional methods that primarily rely on the body's self-healing ability and only provide wound protection. Therefore, exosome therapy has the potential to replace conventional treatments effectively. However, further research is necessary to distinguish the optimal type of stem cells for therapy, ensure their safety, establish appropriate dosing, and identify the best management trail. The present study focused on the current literature on diabetic wound ulcers, their treatment, and mesenchymal stem cell and exosome therapy potential in DFU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Memarpour
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Raoufinia
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical SciencesNeyshabur, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Sharifian Razavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
| | - Matin Attaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Fakoor
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mohamed NA, Wang Z, Liu Q, Chen P, Su X. Label-Free Light Scattering Imaging with Purified Brownian Motion Differentiates Small Extracellular Vesicles in Cell Microenvironments. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6321-6328. [PMID: 38595097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are heterogeneous biological nanoparticles (NPs) with wide biomedicine applications. Tracking individual nanoscale sEVs can reveal information that conventional microscopic methods may lack, especially in cellular microenvironments. This usually requires biolabeling to identify single sEVs. Here, we developed a light scattering imaging method based on dark-field technology for label-free nanoparticle diffusion analysis (NDA). Compared with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), our method was shown to determine the diffusion probabilities of a single NP. It was demonstrated that accurate size determination of NPs of 41 and 120 nm in diameter is achieved by purified Brownian motion (pBM), without or within the cell microenvironments. Our pBM method was also shown to obtain a consistent size estimation of the normal and cancerous plasma-derived sEVs without and within cell microenvironments, while cancerous plasma-derived sEVs are statistically smaller than normal ones. Moreover, we showed that the velocity and diffusion coefficient are key parameters for determining the diffusion types of the NPs and sEVs in a cancerous cell microenvironment. Our light scattering-based NDA and pBM methods can be used for size determination of NPs, even in cell microenvironments, and also provide a tool that may be used to analyze sEVs for many biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebras Ahmed Mohamed
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Yin C, Liufu C, Zhu T, Ye S, Jiang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Shi B. Bladder Cancer in Exosomal Perspective: Unraveling New Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3677-3695. [PMID: 38681092 PMCID: PMC11048230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer, a prevalent malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, exhibits escalating morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnosis standards rely on invasive and costly cystoscopy and histopathology, underscoring the urgency for non-invasive, high-throughput, and cost-effective novel diagnostic techniques to ensure timely detection and standardized treatment. Recent years have witnessed the rise of exosome research in bladder cancer studies. Exosomes contain abundant bioactive molecules that can help elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying bladder cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes hold potential as biomarkers for early bladder cancer diagnosis while also serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects. Furthermore, exosome analyses offer insights into the complex molecular signaling networks implicated in bladder cancer progression, revealing novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prevalent exosome isolation techniques and highlights the promising clinical utility of exosomes in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in bladder cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cen Liufu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bentao Shi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Gou Z, Li J, Liu J, Yang N. The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378302. [PMID: 38694824 PMCID: PMC11061421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22-26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA's dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Bethune First Clinical School of Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Salehi M, Negahdari B, Mehryab F, Shekari F. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biomedical Applications, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8304-8331. [PMID: 38587896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano to-micrometer-sized sacs that are released by almost all animal and plant cells and act as intercellular communicators by transferring their cargos between the source and target cells. As a safe and scalable alternative to conditioned medium-derived EVs, milk-derived EVs (miEVs) have recently gained a great deal of popularity. Numerous studies have shown that miEVs have intrinsic therapeutic actions that can treat diseases and enhance human health. Additionally, they can be used as natural drug carriers and novel classes of biomarkers. However, due to the complexity of the milk, the successful translation of miEVs from benchtop to bedside still faces several unfilled gaps, especially a lack of standardized protocols for the isolation of high-purity miEVs. In this work, by comprehensively reviewing the bovine miEVs studies, we provide an overview of current knowledge and research on miEVs while highlighting their challenges and enormous promise as a novel class of theranostics. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for clinical applications of miEVs by addressing their challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6153, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Chen Z, Zhou T, Luo H, Wang Z, Wang Q, Shi R, Li Z, Pang R, Tan H. HWJMSC-EVs promote cartilage regeneration and repair via the ITGB1/TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis mediated by microfractures. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:177. [PMID: 38609995 PMCID: PMC11015550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current first-line treatment for repairing cartilage defects in clinical practice is the creation of microfractures (MF) to stimulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this method has many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to verify whether MSC-EVs promote cartilage damage repair mediated by MFs and to explore the repair mechanisms. In vitro experiments showed that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSC-EVs (hWJMSC-EVs) promoted the vitality of chondrocytes and the proliferation and differentiation ability of bone marrow-derived MSCs. This was mainly because hWJMSC-EVs carry integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), and cartilage and bone marrow-derived MSCs overexpress ITGB1 after absorbing EVs, thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/Smad2/3 axis. In a rabbit knee joint model of osteochondral defect repair, the injection of different concentrations of hWJMSC-EVs into the joint cavity showed that a concentration of 50 µg/ml significantly improved the formation of transparent cartilage after MF surgery. Extraction of regenerated cartilage revealed that the changes in ITGB1, transforming growth factor-β, and Smad2/3 were directly proportional to the repair of regenerated cartilage. In summary, this study showed that hWJMSC-EVs promoted cartilage repair after MF surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongmao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zian Li
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongqing Pang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongbo Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Qiu H, Liang J, Yang G, Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Nanda HS, Zhou H, Huang Y, Peng X, Lu C, Chen H, Zhou Y. Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372847. [PMID: 38633106 PMCID: PMC11021734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Saleh RO, Hjazi A, Bansal P, Ahmad I, Kaur H, Ali SHJ, Deorari M, Abosaoda MK, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Mysterious interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and tumors; what do we know? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155261. [PMID: 38518733 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Through their ability to modify the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, development of tumors and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. A growing body of research has indicated that exosomes may be essential for coordinating the communication between cancer cells and macrophages. One type of extracellular vehicle called an exosome is utilized for delivering a variety of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to specific cells in order to produce pleiotropic effects. Exosomes derived from macrophages exhibit heterogeneity across various cancer types and function paradoxically, suppressing tumor growth while stimulating it, primarily through post-transcriptional control and protein phosphorylation regulation in the receiving cells. Exosomes released by various macrophage phenotypes offer a variety of therapeutic alternatives in the interim. We outlined the most recent developments in this article, including our understanding of the roles that mechanisms and macrophage-derived exosomal biogenesis play in mediating the progression of cancer and their possible therapeutic uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India.
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India.
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yan C, Wang X, Wang Q, Li H, Song H, Zhou J, Peng Z, Yin W, Fan X, Yang K, Zhou B, Liang Y, Jiang Z, Shi Y, Zhang S, He S, Li RK, Xie J. A Novel Conductive Polypyrrole-Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Facilitated Sustained Release for Cardiac Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304207. [PMID: 38175149 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cardiomyocyte necrosis and conductive system damage, leading to sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Studies have shown that conductive biomaterials can restore cardiac conduction, but cannot facilitate tissue regeneration. This study aims to add regenerative capabilities to the conductive biomaterial by incorporating human endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (hEMSC)-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into poly-pyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI), to yield an injectable hydrogel that can effectively treat MI. In vitro, PPY-CHI/hEMSC-Exo, compared to untreated controls, PPY-CHI, or hEMSC-Exo alone, alleviates H2O2-induced apoptosis and promotes tubule formation, while in vivo, PPY-CHI/hEMSC-Exo improves post-MI cardiac functioning, along with counteracting against ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. All these activities are facilitated via increased epidermal growth factor (EGF)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Furthermore, the conductive properties of PPY-CHI/hEMSC-Exo are able to resynchronize cardiac electrical transmission to alleviate arrythmia. Overall, PPY-CHI/hEMSC-Exo synergistically combines the cardiac regenerative capabilities of hEMSC-Exo with the conductive properties of PPY-CHI to improve cardiac functioning, via promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis, as well as resynchronizing electrical conduction, to ultimately enable more effective MI treatment. Therefore, incorporating exosomes into a conductive hydrogel provides dual benefits in terms of maintaining conductivity, along with facilitating long-term exosome release and sustained application of their beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changping Yan
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huifang Song
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jingli Zhou
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Zexu Peng
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zengyu Jiang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuwei Shi
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Sanyuan Zhang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Sheng He
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jun Xie
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Li S, Li W, Wu X, Zhang B, Liu L, Yin L. Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles for precision therapy of inflammatory-related diseases. J Control Release 2024; 368:533-547. [PMID: 38462043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation-related diseases impose a significant global health burden, necessitating urgent exploration of novel treatment modalities for improved clinical outcomes. We begin by discussing the limitations of conventional approaches and underscore the pivotal involvement of immune cells in the inflammatory process. Amidst the rapid growth of immunology, the therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has garnered substantial attention due to their capacity to modulate inflammatory response. We provide an in-depth examination of immune cell-derived EVs, delineating their promising roles across diverse disease conditions in both preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, to direct the development of the next-generation drug delivery systems, we comprehensively investigate the engineered EVs on their advanced isolation methods, cargo loading techniques, and innovative engineering strategies. This review ends with a focus on the prevailing challenges and considerations regarding the clinical translation of EVs in future, emphasizing the need of standardized characterization and scalable production processes. Ultimately, immune cell-derived EVs represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach and delivery platform, holding immense promise in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianggui Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Beiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhang SS, Li RQ, Chen Z, Wang XY, Dumont AS, Fan X. Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:19. [PMID: 38549161 PMCID: PMC10979586 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery. However, the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers. Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery. Herein, we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood-brain barrier. We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS, as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ruo-Qi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhu D, Hu Y, Kong X, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Tan J, Chen J, Xu T, Zhu L. Enhanced burn wound healing by controlled-release 3D ADMSC-derived exosome-loaded hyaluronan hydrogel. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae035. [PMID: 38628545 PMCID: PMC11018541 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-derived exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) have shown great potential in regenerative medicine and been evidenced benefiting wound repair such as burns. However, the low yield, easy loss after direct coating, and no suitable loading system to improve their availability and efficacy hinder their clinical application for wound healing. And few studies focused on the comparison of biological functions between exosomes derived from different culture techniques, especially in exosome-releasing hydrogel system. Therefore, we designed a high-performance exosome controllable releasing hydrogel system for burn wound healing, namely loading 3D-printed microfiber culture-derived exosomes in a highly biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA). In this project, we compared the biological functions in vitro and in a burn model among exosomes derived from the conventional two-dimensional (2D) plate culture (2D-Exos), microcarrier culture (2.5D-Exos), and 3D-printed microfiber culture (3D-Exos). Results showed that compared with 2D-Exos and 2.5D-Exos, 3D-Exos promoted HACATs and HUVECs cell proliferation and migration more significantly. Additionally, 3D-Exos had stronger angiogenesis-promoting effects in tube formation of (HUVECs) cells. Moreover, we found HA-loaded 3D-Exos showed better burn wound healing promotion compared to 2D-Exos and 2.5D-Exos, including accelerated burn wound healing rate and better collagen remodeling. The study findings reveal that the HA-loaded, controllable-release 3D-Exos repair system distinctly augments therapeutic efficacy in terms of wound healing, while concurrently introducing a facile application approach. This system markedly bolsters the exosomal loading efficiency, provides a robust protective milieu, and potentiates the inherent biological functionalities of the exosomes. Our findings provide a rationale for more efficient utilization of high-quality and high-yield 3D exosomes in the future, and a novel strategy for healing severe burns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Zhu
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuansen Luo
- Department of the Second Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Huaqing Zhimei (Shenzhen) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiameng Tan
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Center for Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Center for Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yin W, Ma H, Qu Y, Wang S, Zhao R, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Targeted exosome-based nanoplatform for new-generation therapeutic strategies. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032002. [PMID: 38471163 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, typically 30-150 nm in size, are lipid-bilayered small-membrane vesicles originating in endosomes. Exosome biogenesis is regulated by the coordination of various mechanisms whereby different cargoes (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are sorted into exosomes. These components endow exosomes with bioregulatory functions related to signal transmission and intercellular communication. Exosomes exhibit substantial potential as drug-delivery nanoplatforms owing to their excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Proteins, miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and drugs have been successfully loaded into exosomes, and these exosome-based delivery systems show satisfactory therapeutic effects in different disease models. To enable targeted drug delivery, genetic engineering and chemical modification of the lipid bilayer of exosomes are performed. Stimuli-responsive delivery nanoplatforms designed with appropriate modifications based on various stimuli allow precise control of on-demand drug delivery and can be utilized in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the general properties, isolation methods, characterization, biological functions, and the potential role of exosomes in therapeutic delivery systems. Moreover, the effective combination of the intrinsic advantages of exosomes and advanced bioengineering, materials science, and clinical translational technologies are required to accelerate the development of exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Ma
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Wang R, Huang Y, Shao K, Yan J, Sun Q. High Expression of miR-6785-5p in the Serum Exosomes of Psoriasis Patients Alleviates Psoriasis-Like Skin Damage by Interfering with the MNK2/p-eIF4E Axis in Keratinocytes. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01995-7. [PMID: 38472599 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation. MiRNAs and serum exosomes participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The objective of this study is to explore the function of miR-6785-5p in psoriatic keratinocytes and its upstream and downstream mechanisms. For our study, we employed qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate miR-6785-5p in psoriatic keratinocytes and conducted a microRNA microarray for identifying differentially expressed miRNAs in patient serum exosomes. We then cocultured keratinocytes with these exosomes, using immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR to assess uptake and miR-6785-5p overexpression. We explored miR-6785-5p's role through transfection with specific mimics and inhibitors and confirmed MNK2 as its target using a luciferase assay. MNK2's function was further examined using siRNA technology. Lastly, we applied an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, also employing siRNA, to investigate MNK2's role in psoriasis. MiR-6785-5p demonstrates a notable overexpression in the keratinocytes of psoriasis patients as well as in their serum exosomes. These keratinocytes actively uptake the miR-6785-5p-enriched serum exosomes. Functionally, miR-6785-5p appears to alleviate psoriasis-like skin damage, observable both in vitro and in vivo, by downregulating MNK2 expression. Psoriasis keratinocytes uptake serum exosomes highly expressing miR-6785-5p. MiR-6785-5p inhibits the abnormal proliferation and inflammatory state of keratinocytes by reducing MNK2 expression and interfering with the MNK2/p-eIF4E axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingjian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kaixin Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianjun Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Li S, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang N, Sun L, Liu J, Liu X, Masoudi A, Wang H, Li C, Guo C, Liu X. Proteomic characterization of hUC-MSC extracellular vesicles and evaluation of its therapeutic potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5959. [PMID: 38472335 PMCID: PMC10933327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been used as a cell replacement therapy and have been shown to effectively overcome some of the disadvantages of cell therapy. However, the specific mechanism of action of EVs is still unclear, and there is no appropriate system for characterizing the differences in the molecular active substances of EVs produced by cells in different physiological states. We used a data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics method to identify and quantify the protein composition of two generations EVs from three different donors and analysed the function and possible mechanism of action of the proteins in EVs of hUC-MSCs via bioinformatics. By comparative proteomic analysis, we characterized the different passages EVs. Furthermore, we found that adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 1 (AP2A1) and adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit beta 1 (AP2B1) in hUC-MSC-derived EVs may play a significant role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle signalling pathway. Our work provides a direction for batch-to-batch quality control of hUC-MSC-derived EVs and their application in AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xinxing Liu
- Jianyuan Precision Medicines (Zhangjiakou) Co., Ltd., Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Ningmei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Luyao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jianling Liu
- Jianyuan Precision Medicines (Zhangjiakou) Co., Ltd., Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Abolfazl Masoudi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fifth Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology; Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumour Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hu S, Feng L, Yang Z, Fan X, Gao H, Yang T. A recognition of exosomes as regulators of epigenetic mechanisms in central nervous system diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1370449. [PMID: 38528957 PMCID: PMC10962328 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1370449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, vesicular structures originating from cells, participate in the conveyance of proteins and nucleic acids. Presently, the centrality of epigenetic modifications in neurological disorders is widely acknowledged. Exosomes exert influence over various epigenetic phenomena, thereby modulating post-transcriptional regulatory processes contingent upon their constituent makeup. Consequently, the heightened attention directed toward exosomes as instigators of epigenetic alterations has burgeoned in recent years. Notably, exosomes serve as vehicles for delivering methyltransferases to recipient cells. More significantly, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), represent pivotal contents within exosomes, wielding the capacity to influence the expression of diverse factors within the cerebral milieu. The transfer of these exosomal contents amidst brain cells, encompassing neuronal cells and microglia, assumes a critical role in the genesis and progression of neurological disorders, also, this role is not limited to neurological disorders, it may deal with any human disease, such as cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This review will concentrate on elucidating the regulation of exosome-induced epigenetic events and its subsequent ramifications for neurological diseases. A more profound comprehension of the involvement of exosome-mediated epigenetic regulation in neurological disorders contributes to a heightened awareness of the etiology and advancement of cerebral afflictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Hu
- Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | | | - Xuechen Fan
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhu L, Ma L, Du X, Jiang Y, Gao J, Fan Z, Zheng H, Zhu J, Zhang G. M2 Microglia-Derived Exosomes Protect Against Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Injury via Exosomal miR-124-3p. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04075-x. [PMID: 38433165 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy has not been effectively treated or prevented. Exosomes, as a new therapeutic method, play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and traumatic brain injury in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes in glutamate (Glu)-induced neuronal injury, and to explore its mechanism, providing new ideas for the treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. The neuron damage model induced by Glu was established, and its metabolomics was analyzed and identified. BV2 cells were induced to differentiate into M1 and M2 subtypes. After the exosomes from both M1-BV2 cells and M2-BV2 cells were collected, exosome morphological identification was performed by transmission electron microscopy and exosome-specific markers were also detected. These exosomes were then cocultured with HT22 cells. CCK-8 method and LDH kit were used to detect cell viability and toxicity. Cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS content were respectively detected by flow cytometry, JC-1 assay and DCFH-DA assay. MiR-124-3p expression level was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay predicted and verified the relationship between miR-124-3p and ROCK1 or ROCK2. Through metabolomics, 81 different metabolites were found, including fructose, GABA, 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid, etc. The enrichment analysis of differential metabolites showed that they were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and urea cycle. M2 microglia-derived exosomes could reduce the apoptosis, decrease the accumulation of ROS, restore the mitochondrial membrane potential and the anti-oxidative stress ability in HT22 cells induced by Glu. It was also found that the protective effect of miR-124-3p mimic on neurons was comparable to that of M2-EXOs. Additionally, M2-EXOs might carry miR-124-3p to target ROCK1 and ROCK2 in neurons, affecting ROCK/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and then reducing Glu-induced neuronal apoptosis. M2 microglia-derived exosomes may protect HT22 cells against Glu-induced injury by transferring miR-124-3p into HT22 cells, with ROCK being a target gene for miR-124-3p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Gao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Fan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengheng Zheng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Heidarpour M, Krockenberger M, Bennett P. Review of exosomes and their potential for veterinary medicine. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105141. [PMID: 38218063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are released by almost all cell types and play a crucial role in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Exosomes, found in biological fluids (including plasma, urine, milk, semen, saliva, abdominal fluid and cervical vaginal fluid) and ranging in size from 50 to 150 nm, are critical for intercellular communication. Analysis of exosomal cargos, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids, has been proposed as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Exosomes can also be used as novel, cell-free, treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the role, significance and application of exosomes and their cargos in diseases of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Qin L, Sun Y, Gao N, Ling G, Zhang P. Nanotechnology of inhalable vaccines for enhancing mucosal immunity. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:597-620. [PMID: 37747597 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the cornerstone of world health. The majority of vaccines are formulated as injectable products, facing the drawbacks of cold chain transportation, needle-stick injuries, and primary systemic immunity. Inhalable vaccines exhibited unique advantages due to their small dose, easy to use, quick effect, and simultaneous induction of mucosal and systemic responses. Facing global pandemics, especially the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a majority of inhalable vaccines are in preclinical or clinical trials. A better understanding of advanced delivery technologies of inhalable vaccines may provide new scientific insights for developing inhalable vaccines. In this review article, detailed immune mechanisms involving mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunity were described. The preparation methods of inhalable vaccines were then introduced. Advanced nanotechnologies of inhalable vaccines containing inhalable nucleic acid vaccines, inhalable adenovirus vector vaccines, novel adjuvant-assisted inhalable vaccines, and biomaterials for inhalable vaccine delivery were emphatically discussed. Meanwhile, the latest clinical progress in inhalable vaccines for COVID-19 and tuberculosis was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microparticles Drug Delivery Technology, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 243, Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Farahani MS, Hosseini-Beheshti E, Moazzeni SM, Moghadam MF. Engineered extracellular vesicles expressing ICAM-1: A promising targeted delivery system for T cell modifications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130541. [PMID: 38103755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nano-carriers that possess the required crucial features of an ideal biomolecular delivery system. However, using unmodified EVs may have some limitations such as low accumulation in target sites. Studies have established that engineering EVs against different cell surface markers can overcome most of these hurdles. METHODS In this study, engineered EVs expressing ICAM-1/LAMP2b fusion protein on their surfaces were produced and isolated. The uptake of isolated targeted and non-targeted EVs was evaluated by imaging and flow cytometry. To assess the ability of targeted EVs to be applied as a safe carrier, pAAVS1-Puro-GFP plasmids were encapsulated into EVs by electroporation. RESULTS The HEKT 293 cell line was successfully modified permanently by a lentiviral vector to express ICAM-1 on the surface of the derived EVs. The ELISA and western blot tests established the binding affinity of targeted EVs for recombinant LFA-1 with a remarkable difference from non-targeted EVs. Furthermore, flow cytometry results revealed noteworthy differences in the binding of LFA-1-positive, non-targeted EVs, and targeted EVs to LFA-1-negative cells. Finally, imaging and flow cytometry indicated that newly produced EVs could efficiently interact with T cells and functionally deliver loaded plasmids to them. CONCLUSION These LFA-1-targeted EVs were able to interact with T cells as their recipient cells. They can be utilized as an ideal delivery system to transfer various biomolecules to T cells, facilitating immunotherapies or other cell-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Shahrabi Farahani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-331, I.R, Jalal ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-331, I.R, Jalal ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Zeng B, Li Y, Xia J, Xiao Y, Khan N, Jiang B, Liang Y, Duan L. Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10623. [PMID: 38435823 PMCID: PMC10905561 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological barriers of the body, such as the blood-brain, placental, intestinal, skin, and air-blood, protect against invading viruses and bacteria while providing necessary physical support. However, these barriers also hinder the delivery of drugs to target tissues, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanostructures with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 10 μm secreted by cells, offer a potential solution to this challenge. These natural vesicles can effectively pass through various biological barriers, facilitating intercellular communication. As a result, artificially engineered EVs that mimic or are superior to the natural ones have emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle, capable of delivering drugs to almost any body part to treat various diseases. This review first provides an overview of the formation and cross-species uptake of natural EVs from different organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Later, it explores the current clinical applications, perspectives, and challenges associated with using engineered EVs as a drug delivery platform. Finally, it aims to inspire further research to help bioengineered EVs effectively cross biological barriers to treat diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, SouthportGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- R&D Division, Eureka Biotech Inc, PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning HospitalShenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare and Shenzhen Institute of Mental HealthShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li Duan
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Xu D, Yuan L, Che M, Lu D, Liu W, Meng F, Yang Y, Du Y, Hou S, Nan Y. Molecular mechanism of Gan-song Yin inhibiting the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating miR-21-5p in adipocyte exosomes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117530. [PMID: 38043753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gan-song Yin is derived from the classic ancient prescription " Gan-song pill " for the treatment of wasting-thirst in Ningxia combined with the characteristic "fragrant medicine". It is clinically used for the treatment of early renal fibrosis caused by diabetic nephropathy. Previous studies have shown that it has a good effect and great potential in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy, but its mechanism research is still limited. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of GSY to improve DN by interfering with miR-21-5p and glycolipid metabolism in adipocyte exosomes using 3T3-L1 and TCMK-1 co-culture system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The co-culture system of 3T3-L3 and TCMK-1 was established, the IR model was established, and the stability, lipid drop change, glucose consumption, triglyceride content, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis level, protein content and mRNA expression of the IR model were detected. RESULTS GSY inhibited 3T3-L1 activity, increased glucose consumption and decreased TG content. Decreased TCMK-1 cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, cell cycle arrest occurred in G0/G1 phase and S phase. Adipocyte IR model and co-culture system were stable within 48 h. After GSY intervention, lipid droplet decomposition and glucose consumption increased. The TG content of adipocytes increased, while the TG content of co-culture system decreased. GSY can regulate the expression of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway protein in IR state. After GSY intervention, the expression of miR-21-5p was increased in 3T3-L1 and Exo cells, and decreased in TCMK-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS GSY can regulate TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway through the secretion of miR-21-5p from adipocytes, protect IR TCMK-1, regulate the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4, FABP4, and improve glucose and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duojie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Mengying Che
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Doudou Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuhua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Shaozhang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Salehi M, Kamali MJ, Arab D, Safaeian N, Ashuori Z, Maddahi M, Latifi N, Jahromi AM. Exosomal microRNAs in regulation of tumor cells resistance to apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101644. [PMID: 38298209 PMCID: PMC10827597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle that contains bioactive molecules that can be secreted by most cells. Nevertheless, the content of these cells differs depending on the cell from which they originate. The exosome plays a crucial role in modulating intercellular communication by conveying molecular messages to neighboring or distant cells. Cancer-derived exosomes can transfer several types of molecules into the tumor microenvironment, including high levels of microRNA (miRNA). These miRNAs significantly affect cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) are crucial to regulating cancer resistance to apoptosis. In cancer cells, exomiRs orchestrate communication channels between them and their surrounding microenvironment, modulating gene expression and controlling apoptosis signaling pathways. This review presents an outline of present-day knowledge of the mechanisms that affect target cells and drive cancer resistance to apoptosis. Also, our study looks at the regulatory role of exomiRs in mediating intercellular communication between tumor cells and surrounding microenvironmental cells, specifically stromal and immune cells, to evade therapy-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Daniyal Arab
- Department of Human Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Safaeian
- Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ashuori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Moein Maddahi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narges Latifi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Moein Jahromi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Wang W, Sun H, Duan H, Sheng G, Tian N, Liu D, Sun Z. Isolation and usage of exosomes in central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14677. [PMID: 38497529 PMCID: PMC10945885 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are vesicles secreted by all types of mammalian cells. They are characterized by a double-layered lipid membrane structure. They serve as carriers for a plethora of signal molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Their unique capability of effortlessly crossing the blood-brain barrier underscores their critical role in the progression of various neurological disorders. This includes, but is not limited to, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. Establishing stable and mature methods for isolating exosomes is a prerequisite for the study of exosomes and their biomedical significance. The extraction technologies of exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, polymer coprecipitation, immunoaffinity capture, microfluidic, and so forth. Each extraction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the extraction standards of exosomes have not been unified internationally. AIMS This review aimed to showcase the recent advancements in exosome isolation techniques and thoroughly compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Furthermore, the significant research progress made in using exosomes for diagnosing and treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been emphasized. CONCLUSION The varying isolation methods result in differences in the concentration, purity, and size of exosomes. The efficient separation of exosomes facilitates their widespread application, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hong Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Gang Sheng
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Na Tian
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dingyi Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhu F, Wang T, Wang G, Yan C, He B, Qiao B. The Exosome-Mediated Bone Regeneration: An Advanced Horizon Toward the Isolation, Engineering, Carrying Modalities, and Mechanisms. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400293. [PMID: 38426417 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, nanoparticles secreted by various cells, composed of a bilayer lipid membrane, and containing bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc., have been intensively investigated in tissue engineering owing to their high biocompatibility and versatile biofunction. However, there is still a lack of a high-quality review on bone defect regeneration potentiated by exosomes. In this review, the biogenesis and isolation methods of exosomes are first introduced. More importantly, the engineered exosomes of the current state of knowledge are discussed intensively in this review. Afterward, the biomaterial carriers of exosomes and the mechanisms of bone repair elucidated by compelling evidence are presented. Thus, future perspectives and concerns are revealed to help devise advanced modalities based on exosomes to overcome the challenges of bone regeneration. It is totally believed this review will attract special attention from clinicians and provide promising ideas for their future works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fukang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Taiyou Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Guangjian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Liu Y, Li M, Liu H, Kang C, Wang C. Cancer diagnosis using label-free SERS-based exosome analysis. Theranostics 2024; 14:1966-1981. [PMID: 38505618 PMCID: PMC10945334 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, carrying distinctive biomolecules reflective of their parent cell's status and origin, show promise as liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, their clinical translation remains challenging due to their relatively low concentration in body fluids. Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has recently gained significant attention as a label-free and sensitive technique for exosome analysis. This review explores label-free SERS for exosome detection, covering exosome isolation and characterization methods, advancements in SERS substrates, and fingerprint analysis techniques using machine learning. Furthermore, we emphasize the challenges and offer insights into the future prospects of SERS-based exosome analysis to enhance cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Haisha Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen S, Liu Y, Xia Y, Xia H, Xie Z, Xu Y. Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for natural delivery across physiological barriers. Food Funct 2024; 15:1737-1757. [PMID: 38284549 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale luminal vesicles that participate in the information transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids between cells, thereby playing a role in the treatment of diseases and the delivery of nutrients. In recent years, plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) containing bioactive compounds have attracted increasing interest due to their better biocompatibility and lower cytotoxicity in healthy tissues. In the biomedical field, PDEVs have been used as cargo carriers to achieve various functions through engineering modification techniques. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of PDEVs. We discuss the surface functionalization of PDEVs to enhance therapeutic efficacy, thereby improving their efficiency as a next-generation drug delivery vehicle and their feasibility to treat diseases across the physiological barriers, while critically analyzing the current challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yifang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Si Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yinyin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Zili Xie
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei 230051, China
| | - Yinxiang Xu
- Zhaoke (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Yang S, Sun Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun G, Xiang B, Yang J. Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:823. [PMID: 38398214 PMCID: PMC10887132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bai Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jiankai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
He W, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Liu M, Li G, Pan L, Xu X, Shi G, Hao Q, Liu F, Gao Y. Research progress on hydrogel-based drug therapy in melanoma immunotherapy. BMB Rep 2024; 57:71-78. [PMID: 38053295 PMCID: PMC10910090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors, and conventional treatment modalities are not effective in treating advanced melanoma. Although immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma, it has disadvantages, such as a poor response rate and serious systemic immune-related toxic side effects. The main solution to this problem is the use of biological materials such as hydrogels to reduce these side effects and amplify the immune killing effect against tumor cells. Hydrogels have great advantages as local slow-release drug carriers, including the ability to deliver antitumor drugs directly to the tumor site, enhance the local drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce systemic drug distribution and exhibit good degradability. Despite these advantages, there has been limited research on the application of hydrogels in melanoma treatment. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the potential application of hydrogels in melanoma immunotherapy. Hydrogels can serve as carriers for sustained drug delivery, enabling the targeted and localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic side effects. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma. Thus, the use of hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for melanoma immunotherapy has great potential and warrants further exploration. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 71-78].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Xi’an Shunmei Medical Cosmetology Outpatient, Xi’an 710075, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guodong Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Luxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Gege Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 510515, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ming‐Kun C, Zi‐Xian C, Mao‐Ping C, Hong C, Zhuang‐Fei C, Shan‐Chao Z. Engineered extracellular vesicles: A new approach for targeted therapy of tumors and overcoming drug resistance. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:205-225. [PMID: 38155418 PMCID: PMC10876209 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs and overcoming drug resistance in malignant tumor cells remain significant clinical challenges. However, there are only few effective methods to address these issues. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), actively secreted by cells, play a crucial role in intercellular information transmission and cargo transportation. Recent studies have demonstrated that engineered EVs can serve as drug delivery carriers and showed promising application prospects. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for further improvements in the isolation and purification of EVs, surface modification techniques, drug assembly processes, and precise recognition of tumor cells for targeted drug delivery purposes. In this review, we summarize the applications of engineered EVs in cancer treatment and overcoming drug resistance, and current challenges associated with engineered EVs are also discussed. This review aims to provide new insights and potential directions for utilizing engineered EVs as targeted delivery systems for anti-tumor drugs and overcoming drug resistance in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ming‐Kun
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- The Third Clinical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Chen Zi‐Xian
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- The Third Clinical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Cai Mao‐Ping
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- The Third Clinical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Chen Hong
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional MoleculesCollege of Food and DrugLuoyang Normal UniversityLuoyangHenanP. R. China
| | - Chen Zhuang‐Fei
- Department of UrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Zhao Shan‐Chao
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- The Third Clinical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Department of UrologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Bansal S, Rahman M, Ravichandran R, Canez J, Fleming T, Mohanakumar T. Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation: Friend or Foe. Transplantation 2024; 108:374-385. [PMID: 37482627 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The long-term function of transplanted organs, even under immunosuppression, is hindered by rejection, especially chronic rejection. Chronic rejection occurs more frequently after lung transplantation, termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), than after transplantation of other solid organs. Pulmonary infection is a known risk factor for CLAD, as transplanted lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment; however, the mechanisms by which respiratory infections lead to CLAD are poorly understood. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in transplantation remains largely unknown. Current evidence suggests that EVs released from transplanted organs can serve as friend and foe. EVs carry not only major histocompatibility complex antigens but also tissue-restricted self-antigens and various transcription factors, costimulatory molecules, and microRNAs capable of regulating alloimmune responses. EVs play an important role in antigen presentation by direct, indirect, and semidirect pathways in which CD8 and CD4 cells can be activated. During viral infections, exosomes (small EVs <200 nm in diameter) can express viral antigens and regulate immune responses. Circulating exosomes may also be a viable biomarker for other diseases and rejection after organ transplantation. Bioengineering the surface of exosomes has been proposed as a tool for targeted delivery of drugs and personalized medicine. This review focuses on recent studies demonstrating the role of EVs with a focus on exosomes and their dual role (immune activation or tolerance induction) after organ transplantation, more specifically, lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Gorgzadeh A, Nazari A, Ali Ehsan Ismaeel A, Safarzadeh D, Hassan JAK, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Kheradjoo H, Yasamineh P, Yasamineh S. A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection. Virol J 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38291452 PMCID: PMC10829349 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role in healthy and diseased cells as messengers of short- and long-distance intercellular communication. However, since exosomes are released by every kind of cell and may be found in blood and other bodily fluids, they may one day serve as biomarkers for a wide range of disorders. In many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and infection, they play a role. It has been shown that the biogenesis of exosomes is analogous to that of viruses and that the exosomal cargo plays an essential role in the propagation, dissemination, and infection of several viruses. Bidirectional modulation of the immune response is achieved by the ability of exosomes associated with viruses to facilitate immunological escape and stimulate the body's antiviral immune response. Recently, exosomes have received a lot of interest due to their potential therapeutic use as biomarkers for viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses the purification procedures and detection techniques for exosomes and examines the research on exosomes as a biomarker of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Diba Safarzadeh
- Vocational School of Health Service, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jawad A K Hassan
- National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Yang Q, Li S, Ou H, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Li S, Lei L. Exosome-based delivery strategies for tumor therapy: an update on modification, loading, and clinical application. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:41. [PMID: 38281957 PMCID: PMC10823703 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain extent, they still have some shortcomings such as poor water solubility, short half-life, local and systemic toxicity. Therefore, how to deliver therapeutic agent so as to realize safe and effective anti-tumor therapy become a problem urgently to be solved in this field. As a medium of information exchange and material transport between cells, exosomes are considered to be a promising drug delivery carrier due to their nano-size, good biocompatibility, natural targeting, and easy modification. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the isolation, identification, drug loading, and modification of exosomes as drug carriers for tumor therapy alongside their application in tumor therapy. Basic knowledge of exosomes, such as their biogenesis, sources, and characterization methods, is also introduced herein. In addition, challenges related to the use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles are discussed, along with future trends. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of exosome delivery systems in oncological therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Haibo Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shaohong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Vilmanova S, Pifkova L, Catela Ivković T, Mᶏdrzyk M, Jugas R, Machackova T, Kotoucek J, Sachlova M, Bohovicova L, Stanek T, Halamkova J, Kiss I, Slaby O. Optimized procedure for high-throughput transcriptome profiling of small extracellular vesicles isolated from low volume serum samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:157-167. [PMID: 37505924 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various signaling molecules, thus playing a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and emerging as a promising source of biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized procedures impedes their translation to clinical practice. Thus, we compared different approaches for high-throughput analysis of small EVs transcriptome. METHODS Small EVs were isolated from 150 μL of serum. Quality and quantity were assessed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. Comparison of RNA extraction efficiency was performed, and expression of selected genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Whole transcriptome analysis was done using microarrays. RESULTS Obtained data confirmed the suitability of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small EVs. Analyses of gene expression showed the best results in case of samples isolated by Monarch Total RNA Miniprep Kit. Totally, 7,182 transcripts were identified to be deregulated between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. The majority of them were non-coding RNAs with more than 70 % being lncRNAs, while protein-coding genes represented the second most common gene biotype. CONCLUSIONS We have optimized the protocol for isolation of small EVs and their RNA from low volume of sera and confirmed the suitability of Clariom D Pico Assays for transcriptome profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Vilmanova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pifkova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Catela Ivković
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Mᶏdrzyk
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Jugas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Machackova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milana Sachlova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Bohovicova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teodor Stanek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Halamkova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Gheitasi H, Sabbaghian M, Shekarchi AA, Mirmazhary AA, Poortahmasebi V. Exosome-mediated regulation of inflammatory pathway during respiratory viral disease. Virol J 2024; 21:30. [PMID: 38273382 PMCID: PMC10811852 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed many mechanisms by which they can stimulate or inhibit inflammation and cause various diseases, including viral respiratory diseases that kill many people every year. One of the mechanisms that viruses use to induce or inhibit inflammation is exosomes. Exosomes are small membrane nanovesicles (30-150 nm) released from cells that contain proteins, DNA, and coding and non-coding RNA species. They are a group of extracellular vesicles that cells can take up to produce and mediate communication. Intercellular effect exosomes can deliver a broad confine of biological molecules, containing nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to the target cell, where they can convey therapeutic or pathogenic consequences through the modulation of inflammation and immune processes. Recent research has shown that exosomes can deliver entire virus genomes or virions to distant target cells, then the delivered viruses can escape the immune system and infect cells. Adenoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, picornaviruses, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses are mostly related to respiratory diseases. In this article, we will first discuss the current knowledge of exosomes. We will learn about the relationship between exosomes and viral infections, and We mention the inflammations caused by viruses in the airways, the role of exosomes in them, and finally, we examine the relationship between the viruses as mentioned earlier, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways that play a role in causing the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Mirmazhary
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Fattahi M, Alamdari-Palangi V, Rahimi Jaberi K, Ehtiati S, Ojaghi S, Rahimi-Jaberi A, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Dang P, Movahedpour A, Hossein Khatami S. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117705. [PMID: 38086498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary tumor found in the central nervous system, accounting for 70% of all adult brain tumors. The median overall survival rate is one year post-diagnosis with treatment, and only four months without treatment. Current GBM diagnostic methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgery, and brain biopsies, have limitations. These include difficulty distinguishing between tumor recurrence and post-surgical necrotic regions, and operative risks associated with obtaining histological samples through direct surgery or biopsies. Consequently, there is a need for rapid, inexpensive, and minimally invasive techniques for early diagnosis and improved subsequent treatment. Research has shown that tumor-derived exosomes containing various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in immunomodulation, cancer metastasis, cancer development, and drug resistance in GBM. They regulate genes that enhance cancer growth and progression and alter the expression of several key signaling pathways. Due to the specificity and sensitivity of exosomal lncRNAs, they have the potential to be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, as well as to monitor a patient's response to chemotherapy for GBM. In this review, we discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of GBM and their potential clinical applications for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Vahab Alamdari-Palangi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khojaste Rahimi Jaberi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ojaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi-Jaberi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Phuyen Dang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | | | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Song Y, Song Q, Hu D, Sun B, Gao M, Liang X, Qu B, Suo L, Yin Z, Wang L. The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299384. [PMID: 38250549 PMCID: PMC10798044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daosheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boxin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeli Yin
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Li J, Tang Y, Yin L, Lin X, Luo Z, Wang S, Yuan L, Liang P, Jiang B. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial infarction: Therapeutic potential and application. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3596. [PMID: 37726968 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction refers to the irreversible impairment of cardiac function resulting from the permanent loss of numerous cardiomyocytes and the formation of scar tissue. This condition is caused by acute and persistent inadequate blood supply to the heart's arteries. In the treatment of myocardial infarction, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role because of their powerful therapeutic effects. These effects primarily stem from the paracrine secretion of multiple factors by MSCs, with exosome-carried microRNAs being the most effective component in promoting cardiac function recovery after infarction. Exosome therapy has emerged as a promising cell-free treatment for myocardial infarction as a result of its relatively simple composition, low immunogenicity and controlled transplantation dose. Despite these advantages, maintaining the stability of exosomes after transplantation and enhancing their targeting effect remain significant challenges in clinical applications. In recent developments, several approaches have been designed to optimize exosome therapy. These include enhancing exosome retention, improving their ability to target specific effects, pretreating MSC-derived exosomes and employing transgenic MSC-derived exosomes. This review primarily focuses on describing the biological characteristics of exosomes, their therapeutic potential and their application in treating myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengyang Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ludong Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sheykhhasan M, Heidari F, Farsani ME, Azimzadeh M, Kalhor N, Ababzadeh S, Seyedebrahimi R. Dual Role of Exosome in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review Study. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:852-864. [PMID: 37496136 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230726161035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the crucial means of intercellular communication, which takes many different forms. They are heterogeneous, secreted by a range of cell types, and can be generally classified into microvesicles and exosomes depending on their location and function. Exosomes are small EVs with diameters of about 30-150 nm and diverse cell sources. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication dates of recent years, using the search string "Exosome" and "Neurodegenerative diseases." RESULTS The exosomes have attracted interest as a significant biomarker for a better understanding of disease development, gene silencing delivery, and alternatives to stem cell-based therapy because of their low-invasive therapeutic approach, repeatable distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), and high efficiency. Also, they are nanovesicles that carry various substances, which can have an impact on neural plasticity and cognitive functioning in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Therefore, exosomes are conceived as nanovesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, their composition varies considerably depending on the cells from which they are produced. CONCLUSION In the present review, we discuss several techniques for the isolation of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, reviewing research on exosomes' possible functions as carriers of bioactive substances implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, we further examine them. We also analyze the preclinical and clinical research that shows exosomes to have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami Farsani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Hua S, Wang B, Ding CF, Yan Y. A novel carbon-based material with titanium and zirconium ions etched on hollow mesoporous carbon tubes for specific capture of phosphopeptides and exosomes. Talanta 2024; 266:125139. [PMID: 37659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of low abundance phosphopeptides in organisms and specific capture exosomes are crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of diseases. For this reason, titanium-zirconium ions and highly biocompatible dopamine and polyimide tubes (PITs) were introduced, and a novel carbon-based material with titanium and zirconium ions etched on hollow mesoporous carbon tubes (HMCT), denoted as G@C@Ti-Zr-HMCT, comes into being after high-temperature calcination. Attributing to the tightly bound titanium and zirconium ions to HMCT and the high carbon content of the polydopamine carbonaceous layer, G@C@Ti-Zr-HMCT displays satisfactory capability of enriching phosphopeptides with satisfactory detection limit (0.2 fmol), extraordinary selectivity (1:2000), and good loading capacity (100 μg/mg). In addition, 25 phosphopeptides related to 25 phosphoproteins from the serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 30 phosphopeptides attributed to 26 phosphoproteins from the serum of healthy individuals were enriched by G@C@Ti-Zr-HMCT, respectively. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of the above results revealed that PD were associated with serine, threonine, and leucine of high frequency, blood coagulation in BP, Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial outer membrane in CC, and heparin binding in MF. Moreover, the phospholipid bilayer of exosomes and metallic titanium and zirconium ions interact to produce the following results: this highly biocompatible carbon-based material was successfully applied to capture exosomes, which offers a promising platform for isolating exosomes. To sum up, these delightful results confirmed without doubt that G@C@Ti-Zr-HMCT has enjoyed a splendiferous future in the specific capture of phosphopeptides and exosomes isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|