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Cañabate Ros M, Almodóvar Fernández I, Martínez Madrigal M, Benito Delegido A, Luna Ibañez C, Haro G. Relationship of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to mechanical restraint used in a psychiatric hospital in Spain. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39046147 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coercive measures have been applied in mental health fields throughout history, denying people with mental illness the ability to decide, even though there is increasing evidence that these measures bring few benefits to these individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics most likely associated with the use of mechanical restraints (MRs) in psychiatric hospital settings. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS This was a descriptive, comparative and analytical cross-sectional study in people with mental disorders who were hospitalized in two hospitals in the Autonomous Valencian Community (Spain). We included a total of 91 participants who completed the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Barrat's Impulsiveness Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. RESULTS The results we collected indicated that the patients most likely to be mechanically restrained were younger people with less awareness of their symptoms and disease, previous admissions to a psychiatric hospital and cohabitation with parents and/or family. In addition, having been admitted involuntarily, previously having had MRs applied, presenting more positive psychotic symptoms and habitual caffeine consumption all predicted the use of MRs. CONCLUSIONS The variables that were able to predict MR were involuntary admission, previous use of MR, the presence of positive psychotic symptoms and caffeine consumption. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Evaluation of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients can help health professionals, especially nurses, to recognize patients who are at risk of requiring MR. This allows mental health practitioners to take these factors into account during interventions or when implementing programmes designed to reduce the use of coercive measures in psychiatric hospital settings. IMPACT What problem did the study address? Coercive measures have been applied in mental health fields throughout history, with no benefits to these patients. What were the main findings? There are studies that relate some variables to MR in psychiatric settings, but we have been able to find variables capable of predicting MR such as involuntary admission, previous use of MR, the presence of positive psychotic symptoms and caffeine consumption. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The findings of this study allow for the reduction of MRs in psychiatric units. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics found to be related to MR will help professionals identify when a patient is admitted in order to use specific interventions aimed at preventing the use of MRs during admission. This is the first study to indicate a relationship between caffeine consumption and the use of MRs. Further studies will be necessary to verify if controlled caffeine supplementation during admission to psychiatric units could become an additional strategy contributing to preventing the application of MR specifically in individuals who habitually consume coffee or caffeine-containing beverages daily. REPORTING METHOD We have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the STROBE reporting method. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Cañabate Ros
- Mental Health Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Nursing Department, UCV Universities, Valencia, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Almodóvar Fernández
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Nursing Department, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Villarreal CF, Villa-Real, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ana Benito Delegido
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Torrente Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Torrente, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Haro
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Mahon D. An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews on Trauma Informed Approaches. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01317-z. [PMID: 39046622 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Trauma and adversity significantly impact on morbidity and mortality. Hence, trauma-informed care is proliferating practice and research contexts. However, the evidence base for organisational wide trauma-informed care is far from conclusive, with the extant literature providing low quality and conflicting evidence. The purpose of this umbrella review of systematic reviews, is to summarise the existing evidence on trauma-informed care implemented at the organisational level. The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) was used to conduct an umbrella review. Six databases were searched; Academic Search Complete, APA Psych Articles, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, supplemented with bibliography searches. Articles were included if they were peer reviewed in the English language from inception to 2024 and reported on trauma-informed care with an implementation context. The Joanne Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was used to assess the quality of the included reviews. Findings are mapped to the 10 trauma-informed care implementation domains described by the Substance Use and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) and reported using a narrative synthesis. The search strategy yielded 5,297 articles, of which (N = 14) systematic reviews are included. The reviews had a combined study count of (N = 311), with a total sample size of (N = 157,724). Most reviews used a narrative synthesis to report results, with no meta-analyses. Critical appraisal categorised the reviews as 28% high quality, 22% moderate quality, and 50% as low quality. Most reviews (50%), were conducted on youth populations, with school settings being the most studied context. There was a great deal of heterogeneity across the reviews, with 62 different models of trauma informed approaches discussed. The composition of the individual studies included in each systematic review were generally of low quality with mixed findings of effectiveness and implementation. Findings are discussed for moving forward with trauma-informed care implementation. Trauma-informed care is proposed as a system wide intervention to improve outcomes for service users, however the research base is still under scrutiny. Emerging research identifies the benefit of using the 10 trauma-informed implementation domains to shift cultural practices. Further research needs to be undertaken in various contexts with different populations.
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Cohen S, Salamin V, Perroud N, Dieben K, Ducasse D, Durpoix A, Guenot F, Tissot H, Kramer U, Speranza M. Group intervention for family members of people with borderline personality disorder based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Implementation of the Family Connections® program in France and Switzerland. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2024; 11:16. [PMID: 39039536 PMCID: PMC11265349 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families and significant others of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) show increased levels of psychological distress. Family Connections®, a 12-week group intervention based on the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy, was designed to provide families with both information about the disorder and emotion regulation skills. It has been progressively implemented in French-speaking European countries. METHODS We conducted an observational, multicenter study in France and Switzerland. In total, 149 participants of the Family Connections program were included among five centers. Burden, depression, coping, and emotion regulation were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS One-way repeated measures MANOVA showed that the burden, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation and coping all changed significantly after the intervention (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.297). T-tests showed that the burden significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.0001, d = -0.48), as did depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001, d = -0.36) and difficulties in emotion regulation (p < 0.0001, d =-0.32) whereas coping improved (p < 0.0001, d = 0.53). Two-way mixed ANOVA showed that burden reduction was stronger among female than male participants (p = 0.048, η2 = 0.027). Before the intervention, the burden was higher for female than male participants (p < 0.001). An initial linear regression showed the burden reduction to be associated with a decrease in the resignation of the participants (β = 0.19, p = 0.047). A second linear regression showed the burden reduction to be associated with the intensity of the relatives' symptoms at baseline (β = 0.22, p = 0.008) and improvement of emotional clarity of the participants (β = 0.25, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION This Dialectical Behavior Therapy-Based psychoeducational intervention is an appropriate way to support French-speaking European families of people with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satchel Cohen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health UMR 1018, Team "Developmental Psychiatry and Trajectories", 78000, Versailles, France.
| | | | - Nader Perroud
- Department of Psychiatric Specialties for Emotion Regulation Disorders, Geneva University Hospitals, 1201, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karen Dieben
- Department of Psychiatric Specialties for Emotion Regulation Disorders, Geneva University Hospitals, 1201, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Ducasse
- CHU de Montpellier, Service Urgences Et Post-Urgences Psychiatriques (Lapeyronie), Centre de Thérapies Troubles de L'humeur Et Émotionnels/Borderline (La Colombière), IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Amaury Durpoix
- Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Hervé Tissot
- Center for Family Studies, University Institute of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Kramer
- Lausanne University Hospital Institute of Psychotherapy/General Psychiatry, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Speranza
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health UMR 1018, Team "Developmental Psychiatry and Trajectories", 78000, Versailles, France.
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Alhammadi E, Kuhlmann JM, Rana M, Frohnhofen H, Moellmann HL. Postoperative delirium in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a scoping review. Head Face Med 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 39044223 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium (POD) in the oral and maxillofacial settings has gained more attention in recent decades. Due to advances in medical technology, treatment possibilities have expanded treatment for elderly and frail patients. This scoping review explores the correlation between POD and oral and maxillofacial surgery, summarizing screening and management protocols and identifying risk factors in this surgical field. METHODS This review follows the Scoping Review extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive literature search was performed using multiple databases, focusing on articles published from 2002 to 2023 that discuss delirium in oral and maxillofacial surgery settings. The review was registered beforehand in the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/r2ebc ). RESULTS From the initial 644 articles, 68 met the inclusion criteria. These studies highlighted the significant heterogeneity in POD diagnosis methods. The review identifies multiple risk factors across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases that influence the occurrence of POD. Significant and independent risk factors in multiple regression analysis were highlighted, creating a clinical prediction list for the occurrence of POD. CONCLUSION It is crucial to preoperatively identify patients at risk for POD and actively modify these risks throughout the patient's hospital stay. Implementing nonpharmacological preventive measures for at-risk patients is recommended to decrease the incidence of POD. Future research should focus on creating standardized specialty-specific protocols incorporating validated assessment tools and addressing the full spectrum of risk factors associated with POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhammadi
- Cranio-and-Maxillo Facial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
- Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Julian Max Kuhlmann
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Majeed Rana
- Cranio-and-Maxillo Facial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Helmut Frohnhofen
- Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Henriette Louise Moellmann
- Cranio-and-Maxillo Facial Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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Melese M, Mengistie BA, Delie AM, Limenh LW, Worku NK, Fenta ET, Hailu M, Abie A, Mehari MG, Eseyneh T, Esubalew D, Abuhay HW. Poor sleep quality and its associated factors among HIV/ADIS patients living in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16955. [PMID: 39043922 PMCID: PMC11266486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Good-quality sleep is defined by its ability to minimize disturbances, provide adequate duration, and maintain a balanced progression through sleep stages. Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the influence of sleep disturbance on treatment adherence, quality of life, work productivity, risk of chronic illness. Studies have reported sleep disturbances among HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan African countries (SSA), yielding varied results at the country level. Therefore, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis is essential. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and identify associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan African countries. We systematically searched across various databases, including PubMed, African Journals Online, Scopus, Cochrane Library, HINARI, and Science Direct. Additionally, we conducted searches using Google and Google Scholar search engines. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction, and the data were analysed using STAT version 17.0. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and I2 test and checked for small study effects using funnel plot symmetry and Egger's test. Pooled prevalence and associated factors were estimated using a random-effects model at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and significance level of p < 0.05. To identify factors associated with poor sleep quality among individuals living with HIV/AIDS, odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% CI were calculated. This analysis combined data from 15 separate studies involving a total sample size of 5176 participants. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among HIV/AIDS patients in SSA countries was 49.32% (95% CI 41.32-56.8%). Factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality included depression (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.21-6.40) and CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (AOR 3.15; 95% CI 2.41-4.15). In this study the prevalence of poor sleep quality among HIV/AIDS patients in SSA was higher and differs across the countries, ranging from 21.7 to 73.7%. The findings underscore the urgent necessity for programs aimed at improving sleep quality, particularly in addressing factors such as participant income and depression that are linked to poor sleep quality in HIV/AIDS patients.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024517229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Melese
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Berihun Agegn Mengistie
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Mebrat Delie
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Liknaw Workie Limenh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Kassie Worku
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Eneyew Talie Fenta
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mickiale Hailu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemwork Abie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Getie Mehari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tenagnework Eseyneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Esubalew
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Gibbons S. The 6Ps of Preparing a Manuscript: Prior Preparation Prevents Potentially Poor Performance. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 39041724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The process of writing a scientific document, whether it be a PhD thesis, a paper, review, chapter, book or even a book series, always begins with only one word. Why can writing a manuscript be so difficult to start? If there are sufficient data for the task, there is only one reason; vacillation. To address this serious and psychologically debilitating issue, this perspective will discuss the ethos of publishing and provide a solution for vacillation. The concept of sufficient novel data will be examined along with the criteria for identifying an appropriate home for a manuscript. The bare process of preparation will be described, which ultimately relies on discipline, routine, formatting and further discipline, with the ultimate goal being the production and quality control of a manuscript of the highest quality that you can achieve. The value of the secondary literature, namely reviews, chapters and books will be highlighted, specifically with regard to the building of a reputation and leaving a lasting legacy. The psychology of publishing, particularly dealing with success and failure will be covered, as this topic is often overlooked, and can have serious and deleterious mental health consequences. A balanced view of publication metrics will be given, showing that such factors are in some cases, purely a business strategy for publishing houses. Ideas to build one's career through networking, reviewing and being an ambassador for one's discipline are also given. As a former member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal of Natural Products (2018-2022), an overview of the manuscript writing process from a personal and professional perspective is emphasized to encourage all to avoid the trials and tribulations of procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gibbons
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Franzen M, van Duijn MAJ, de Jong PJ, Veenstra R, Aan Het Rot M. How do victims of bullying develop depression? Testing interpersonal style to explain the victimization-depression link. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 39044317 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
This study tested to what extent the relation between bullying victimization and future symptoms of depression could be explained by victims being more hostile and less assertive than non-involved individuals. Data came from waves 2-4 of the Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Participants' bullying experiences were assessed at age 13, interpersonal style at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 19. Mediation analyses were performed primarily on 274 self-reported victims and 1498 non-involved peers. Self-reported victims had an increased risk for depression symptoms. About a third of that risk could be explained by victims' hostile style, which was also higher than those of non-involved peers. Although victims also reported lower levels of assertiveness than non-involved peers, this interpersonal style did not mediate the link between bullying victimization and depression. Our findings suggest that high hostility, but not low assertiveness, partly explains the increased depression risk of self-reported victims. Therefore, interventions could focus on addressing hostility, to help reduce the likelihood that adolescents who have experienced bullying victimization will have more interpersonal conflicts and mental health problems in the future. Supplementary materials also include analyses for bullies and bully-victims, and for peer-reported measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minita Franzen
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Aan Het Rot
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Glas VFJ, Koenders MA, Kupka RW, Regeer EJ. How to study psychological mechanisms of mania? A systematic review on the methodology of experimental studies on manic mood dysregulation of leading theories on bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2024. [PMID: 39043623 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there are several psychological theories on bipolar disorders (BD), the empirical evidence on these theories through experimental studies is still limited. The current study systematically reviews experimental methods used in studies on the main theories of BD: Reward Hypersensitivity Theory (RST) or Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Integrative Cognitive Model (ICM), Positive Emotion Persistence (PEP), Manic Defense theory (MD), and Mental Imagery (MI). The primary aim is to provide an overview of the used methods and to identify limitations and suggest areas of improvement. METHODS A systematic search of six databases until October 2023 was conducted. Study selection involved two independent reviewers extracting data on experimental study design and methodology. RESULTS A total of 84 experimental studies were reviewed. BAS and RST were the most frequently studied theories. The majority of these experimental studies focus on mechanisms of reward sensitivity. Other important elements of the reviewed theories, such as goal setting and-attainment, situation selection (avoidance or approach), activation, affective/emotional reactivity, and regulatory strategies, are understudied. Self-report and neuropsychological tasks are most often used, while mood induction and physiological measures are rarely used. CONCLUSION There is a need for more consensus on the operationalization of psychological theories of mania. Standardization of test batteries could improve comparability among studies and foster a more systematic approach to experimental research. Research on affective (activated) states is still underrepresented in comparison with studies on trait vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F J Glas
- Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Koenders
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R W Kupka
- Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Regeer
- Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bennett N, Lawrence-Wood E, McFarlane A. Is inflammatory change associated with psychological risk and resilience in high-risk military personnel? BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002725. [PMID: 39043474 DOI: 10.1136/military-2024-002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In military populations, the potential for under-reporting of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and challenges in recognising early changes can make it difficult to detect an emerging disorder. However, early identification of PTSD symptoms would improve opportunities for intervention, and potentially reduce the likelihood of chronic mental health problems. METHOD This study explored if changes in levels of inflammation, measured by C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were associated with the onset of psychological symptoms associated with PTSD. It also examined if changes in inflammation over time contributed to psychological risk and resilience, which was defined by psychological reactivity to deployment-related combat exposures. Participants were special forces personnel who completed psychological self-report questionnaires and had measures of CRP and IL-6 taken pre and post deployment. Regression analysis was used to examine how psychological symptoms predicted change in inflammation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to examine differences between identified subgroups. RESULTS Results identify this population as having high levels of combat and trauma exposures, with low-level psychological symptoms. The results also identified a decrease in CRP and an increase in IL-6 over time. A significant difference in inflammation was identified between subgroups (p<0.05). An association between inflammatory markers and subthreshold symptoms related to anger (p<0.01) and sleep (p<0.05) was also identified. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest inflammatory markers may help to identify adaptive responses post deployment. In addition, low-level increases in inflammatory markers may be associated with subthreshold PTSD symptoms. These findings offer potential insights for prevention, early identification and treatment in military and veteran populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neanne Bennett
- The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Defence, Defence People Group, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - E Lawrence-Wood
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A McFarlane
- The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mullen NJ, Meyer Karre VM, Balasanova AA. Malignant Catatonia in the Setting of Acute Methamphetamine and Cocaine Intoxication. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00349. [PMID: 39042598 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant catatonia is a potentially lethal neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by psychomotor abnormalities and autonomic instability. Patients with this syndrome require immediate treatment. Various psychiatric conditions and nonpsychiatric medical problems can trigger malignant catatonia. Use of psychostimulant drugs, including methamphetamine and cocaine, has not been previously reported to precipitate malignant catatonia. CASE SUMMARY This case concerns a 35-year-old man hospitalized for psychosis due to methamphetamine and cocaine intoxication. He developed malignant catatonia the day after admission. He was treated with lorazepam for malignant catatonia, and his blood pressure was controlled with clonidine. Over 7 days, his condition resolved, and his mental status and vital signs returned to baseline. He was discharged to the community in stable condition and has returned to his baseline functional status. He remains free of catatonia and has maintained abstinence from methamphetamine and cocaine. CONCLUSIONS Acute intoxication with psychostimulant drugs is a possible trigger for malignant catatonia, and administration of high potency first-generation antipsychotics in this setting may increase the risk. Patients hospitalized for stimulant intoxication should be monitored for signs and symptoms of catatonia, and D2 receptor antagonist medications should be used with caution in this population. Our case supports the potential role of altered dopamine and norepinephrine signaling in the pathogenesis of malignant catatonia. The patient provided written and verbal consent to publish the information in this case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mullen
- From the College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (NJM); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (VMMK, AAB)
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Accardo AL, Neely LC, Pontes NMH, Pontes MCF. Bullying Victimization is Associated with Heightened Rates of Anxiety and Depression Among Autistic and ADHD Youth: National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2020. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06479-z. [PMID: 39034347 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Autistic youth and youth with ADHD have heightened rates of bullying victimization, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this research is to use nationally representative US data to 1) estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among bullied neurodivergent youth and 2) investigate whether the association between bullying victimization and anxiety or depression is significantly greater among autistic youth and youth with ADHD. For this research, we used five years of data (2016-2020) from the nationally representative National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), youth ages 12-17 years (n = 71,973). Data were analyzed with R and the R survey package to estimate average marginal percentages, risk differences, and additive interactions as recommended by STROBE guidelines. The study identified heightened anxiety and depression among bullied autistic or ADHD youth. Results also showed that the increase in the rate of anxiety or depression associated with bullying victimization was significantly greater among autistic youth and youth with ADHD relative to non-autistic non-ADHD youth; interactions were significant among both male and female youth. Autistic youth, youth with ADHD, and youth with co-occurring autism and ADHD are particularly vulnerable to bullying victimization and associated depression and anxiety. Future research is needed to understand why the association between bullying victimization and depression/anxiety is significantly greater among autistic and non-autistic ADHD youth. Recommendations include exploring school-wide anti-stigma initiatives to stop the reciprocal bullying-anxiety/depression cycle, routine bullying and mental health screening of autistic and ADHD youth, and clinical management of bullied autistic and ADHD youth with anxiety or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Accardo
- College of Education, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Leslie C Neely
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Blvd, San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA
| | - Nancy M H Pontes
- School of Nursing, Rutgers University, 530 Federal Street, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Manuel C F Pontes
- Rohrer College of Business, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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Lee SH, Kim J, Han C. Psychological resilience and suicidality in the general population: A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:S0165-0327(24)01147-9. [PMID: 39047946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between suicidality and resilience is underexplored among the general population. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lifetime, one-year, and one-month prevalence of suicidality (ideation, plan, attempt) and resilience in the general population. METHODS Data on suicidality, resilience, prevalence of major mental disorders, and other key psychological factors were collected from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021. Interviewees comprised 5511 South Koreans aged 18-79 years. The contribution of resilience to suicidality was evaluated using Rao-Scot logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounders such as mental disorder prevalence and demographic and psychological characteristics. RESULTS Significantly lower resilience levels were noted among participants who reported lifetime, one-year, and one-month suicidal ideation, plan, or attempts. High resilience levels predicted no suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in the lifetime, and no suicidal ideation and plans in the one-year and one-month time frames. LIMITATIONS First, this study's cross-sectional design has limitations for ascertaining a causal relationship between resilience and suicidality. Second, because the number of participants who had attempted suicide in the past year and reported suicidal thoughts/attempts in the past month was small, there were limitations in the analysis of suicidality in these time frames. Third, it was difficult to rule out the mediating effects of personality and temperament on the relationship between resilience and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS High resilience levels predicted lower lifetime and current suicidal ideation and suicidal planning in the general population. This study shows that psychological resilience is an important factor in evaluating an individual's current suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Consolandi M. Philosophy leading the way: An interdisciplinary approach to study communication of severe diagnoses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305937. [PMID: 39038006 PMCID: PMC11262668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores a brand-new interdisciplinary approach applied to an enduring problem: the communication of severe diagnoses. The moment when physicians explain the diagnosis to patients and their relatives is sensitive, particularly for a disease that is rarely diagnosed early. The first part of the article is dedicated to the context of this delicate doctor-patient interaction. With this framework in mind, the paper delves into the innovative interdisciplinary methodology developed in the pilot study Communi.CARE, conducted in a hospital in Northern Italy, which focuses on the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). SARS-CoV-2 impact on the study development is highlighted. The study aims to explore the topic by combining different areas of expertise, including medicine, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. The contribution of philosophy is here presented as essential: it has a leading role in the conception of the study, its development, and the elaboration of results. It is shown throughout the study, from methodology to the analysis of results. Strengths and weaknesses of the methodology are discussed. In conclusion, further philosophical considerations on effective and ethical communication in this delicate context are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Consolandi
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Digital Health and Well Being, Unit of Intelligent Digital Agents, Trento, Italy
- Consultant, Pontifical Academy for Life, Vatican City, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Z, Luo X, Jiang L, Wu H, Tan Z. How do HCN channels play a part in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102436. [PMID: 39047878 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) are well-known, yet their underlying causes remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that disruption of ion channels contribute to their pathogenesis. Among these channels, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, encoded by HCN1-4 genes, are of particular interest due to their role in generating hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih), which is crucial in various neural activities impacting memory and motor functions. A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of HCN in Aβ generation, glial cell function, and ischemia-induced dementia; while HCN is expressed in various regions of the basal ganglia, modulating their functions and influencing motor disorders in PD; neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation represents a shared pathological mechanism in both AD and PD, in which HCN also plays a significant part. This review delves into the neuronal functions governed by HCN, its roles in the aforementioned pathogenesis, its expression patterns in AD and PD, and discusses potential therapeutic drugs targeting HCN for the treatment of these diseases, aiming to offer a novel perspective and inspire future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P.R. China,; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, P.R. China; Changsha Taihe Hospital, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410205, P.R. China.
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Sanders AA, Roberts JD, McDowell MC, Muller A. The Consequences of Misdiagnosing Race-Based Trauma Response in Black Men: A Critical Examination. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39033343 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2380821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a significant public health concern prevalent in America. Over one in five U.S. adults are affected, yet less than half receive treatment. Among African Americans, only one in three seek treatment with statically lower rates among Black males. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment, while misdiagnosis leads to stigma, discrimination, and untreated illness. This paper examines the implications of misdiagnosing trauma responses in Black men, highlighting systemic biases that impede suitable care and perpetuate negative narratives. The authors propose a conceptual framework incorporating historical trauma, discrimination, and traumatic stress reactions, emphasizing the need for cultural competence and humility. This framework involves public narratives that influence perceptions and judgments, reviewing research evidence, advocating for competent trauma assessments, community empowerment, and future research directions. This paper underscores the importance of understanding and addressing the unique challenges Black men face in mental health diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Sanders
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
| | - J Dontaè Roberts
- School of Health Sciences, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melvin C McDowell
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
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Cheng JY, Nurul SBMS, Cheng LJ, He HG. Effectiveness of Technology-Delivered Psychosocial Interventions for Family Caregivers of Patients With Dementia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39034437 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Family caregivers living with patients with dementia (PwD) face psychological challenges due to care burden. Technology-delivered psychosocial interventions (TPIs) have played a promising role in improving health outcomes among family caregivers living with PwD. This review aims to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of TPIs on primary (burden and depression) and secondary outcomes (self-efficacy, stress and anxiety) for family caregivers living with PwD. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine effect size. Using Cochran's Q and I2 tests, statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. Sensitivity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were employed to explain statistical heterogeneity. Twenty-eight trials comprising 4160 family caregivers from eight countries were included. Our meta-analysis revealed that TPIs resulted in slight reduction in depression, probably resulted in a slight reduction in burden and anxiety and slight increase in self-efficacy. Subgroup differences were detected in geographical regions (Western Pacific and Southeast Asia) for burden. While there were no significant subgroup differences in other factors, TPIs with preventive function and mobile applications had a more prominent larger effect size. Meta-regression analysis showed that attrition rate was a significant moderator on depression. Results are limited by the high risk of bias of included trials, which may reduce certainty of evidence. This review suggest TPIs are recommended as an adjunct treatment for alleviating burden and depressive outcomes in healthcare institutions. PROSPERO Registration Number: PROSPERO (CRD42023387962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying Cheng
- Khoo Teck Put Hospital, Yishun Health, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Saatirah Bte Mohamad S Nurul
- Khoo Teck Put Hospital, Yishun Health, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- National University Health System, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
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Kristiansen K, Vernal DL, Hulgaard DR. Expanding the phenotype of NEDAMSS with a psychiatric perspective: analysis of a new case, and a systematic review of the literature. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02522-7. [PMID: 39031186 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the IRF2BPL gene are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with varying degrees of regression, loss of speech and epilepsy. The phenotype is also known as Neurodevelopmental Disorder with regression, Abnormal Movements, loss of Speech, and Seizures (NEDAMSS). The motor symptoms of this disorder share significant phenotypical characteristics with catatonia, a severe neuropsychiatric psychomotor syndrome. The objective of this article is to expand the knowledge on the presentation of NEDAMSS with a focus on psychiatric symptoms including catatonia. A systematic review of 32 case presentations of NEDAMSS, and a novel case report of a patient with NEDAMSS, exhibiting multiple psychiatric symptoms, including catatonia are presented. Psychiatric symptoms and disorders including affective disorders, psychotic symptoms, catatonia, and developmental disorders are reported in one third of the reviewed cases. Reported effects of pharmacological treatment on motor symptoms of NEDAMSS are very limited. Our case presents improvement in motor symptoms originally attributed to NEDAMSS, after treatment with Lorazepam following diagnosis with catatonia. Patients with NEDAMSS may present with both neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The clinical presentation of NEDAMSS motor symptoms and catatonia have similarities and thus poses significant challenges to the diagnostic process, with risk of incorrect or delayed treatment. The limited experience and the complex phenotype of NEDAMSS complicates pharmacological treatment and encourages caution, especially with the use of antipsychotic drugs in the presence of possible catatonic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmie Kristiansen
- Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Lammers Vernal
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ditte Roth Hulgaard
- Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Children and Youth department, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Danmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Wilkes-Gillan S, Parsons L, Parsons D, Mahoney N, Hancock N, Cordier R, Lincoln M, Chen YWR, Bundy A. An evaluation of intervention appropriateness from the perspective of parents: A peer-mediated, play-based intervention for children with ADHD. Aust Occup Ther J 2024. [PMID: 39032070 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A peer-mediated, play-based intervention has been developed to address social participation challenges experienced by children with ADHD. To facilitate implementation into clinical practice, interventions should be evaluated for appropriateness to the end-user, as well as effectiveness. Previous research demonstrated the approach is effective for improving children's social play skills. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of the intervention for children with ADHD and their families. METHODS Parents of children with ADHD who participated in the play-based intervention were interviewed 1 month after completion. Parents were asked about their perspective of parent and children's experiences of the intervention, the perceived benefits for children and parents, the logistics of participating, and recommended adaptations to the intervention. Interviews were analysed thematically, and themes were mapped to the elements of the adopted definition of appropriateness to understand whether parents supported the appropriateness of the intervention for their families. CONSUMER AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Consumers were not directly involved in the decisions made about this study. FINDINGS One core theme, 'collaborative efforts', emerged from the data. Major themes comprising the core theme were 'on the same page', 'therapeutic relationship', and 'getting the job done'. Three sub-themes of 'engagement and motivation', 'the effort was worth it for the reward', and 'Rome wasn't built in a day' were nested within the major themes. CONCLUSION Parents largely supported the appropriateness of the intervention, indicating it addressed an important goal for their child, participation was a positive experience, and they perceived the intervention to be beneficial. Future adaptions of the intervention are needed to increase its ecological validity and to generalise the strategies to other social environments and playmates, such as peers at school. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This study looked at an intervention that uses play with peers to help children with ADHD develop their play skills. The researchers wanted to know if parents thought the intervention was a good fit for their families and if it helped their children. Parents gave an interview a month after the intervention ended. They were asked about their thoughts on the intervention, how it helped their children and themselves, how easy it was to take part, and what changes could be made to make the intervention better. After analysing parents' answers, the researchers found parents mostly agreed that the intervention was a good fit. They said it helped their children to play with their peers, and they had a good time doing it. Parents thought the intervention was helpful, they liked that it was a joint effort between them and the occupational therapist, and they felt it was worth the effort. However, they also suggested some changes. They wanted the intervention to fit into other real-life social situations, such as school, so their children could use the skills they learned in other places. Overall, parents thought the intervention was helpful and suitable for their children and themselves, but some changes might make it more helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilkes-Gillan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Parsons
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dave Parsons
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Mahoney
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of North Umbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle Lincoln
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yu-Wei Ryan Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anita Bundy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Mehta R, Orwig DL, Chen C, Dong Y, Shardell MD, Yamashita T, Falvey JR. Association between pre-hip fracture depression and days at home after fracture and assessing sex differences. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024. [PMID: 39032025 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fracture and depression are important public health issues among older adults, but how pre-fracture depression impacts recovery after hip fracture is unknown, especially among males who often experience greater depression severity. Days at home (DAH), or the days spent outside a hospital or healthcare facility, is a novel, patient-centered outcome that can capture meaningful aspects of fracture recovery. How pre-fracture depression impacts DAH after fracture, and related sex differences, remains unclear. METHODS Participants included 63,618 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65+ years, with a hospitalization claim for hip fracture surgery between 2010 and 2017. The primary exposure was a diagnosis of depression at hospital admission, and the primary outcome was total DAH over 12 months post-discharge. Longitudinal associations between pre-fracture depression and the count of DAH among beneficiaries were estimated using Poisson regression models after adjustment for covariates; sex-by-depression interactions were also assessed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reflecting relative differences were estimated from these models. RESULTS Overall, beneficiaries with depression were younger, White females, and spent 11 fewer average DAH compared to counterparts without depression when demographic factors (age and sex) (IRR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.92; p < 0.0001) and social determinants of health (race, Medicaid dual eligibility, and poverty) were adjusted for (IRR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.91, 0.93; p < 0.0001), but this association attenuated after adjusting for medical complexities (IRR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.01; p = 0.41) and facility and geographical factors (IRR = 1.0037; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.66). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex. CONCLUSIONS The comorbidity burden of preexisting depression may impact DAH among both male and female Medicare beneficiaries with hip fracture. Results suggest a holistic health approach and secondary prevention of depressive symptoms after hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise L Orwig
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle D Shardell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason R Falvey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cui Y. From treatment-centric to patient-centric: integrating social support and health assessments for better outcomes. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05903-9. [PMID: 39030418 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Song SM, Wang X, Yue HM, Liu R. Beyond surgery: Overcoming postoperative depression in cancer patients. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1140-1142. [PMID: 39050207 PMCID: PMC11262919 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i7.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common occurrence among cancer patients, and it significantly impacts their clinical outcomes and quality of life, with a high incidence during anti-tumor treatment or after surgery. The association between surgery and depression is the result of the interaction of various factors, including physiological, psychological, and social factors, all of which are intertwined and make patients susceptible to depression after surgical treatment. Postoperative depression has a significant negative impact on many aspects of cancer patients, and it requires timely identification and intervention to improve the overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yue
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rong Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Faculty of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Al-Jabi SW. Emerging global interest: Unraveling the link between diabetes mellitus and depression. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1127-1139. [PMID: 39050204 PMCID: PMC11262933 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i7.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown a strong bidirectional association between diabetes and depression, with diabetes increasing the risk of developing depression and vice versa. Depression among patients with diabetes is associated with poor glycemic control, complications, and poor self-care. AIM To explore the present state of research globally concerning diabetes and depression, to aid understanding the current research landscape and identify potential future areas of research. METHODS A bibliometric approach was used, utilizing the Scopus database to gather pertinent research articles released from 2004 to 2023. Analyses encompassed publication patterns, significant contributors, research focal points, prevalent themes, and the most influential articles, aimed at discerning emerging research subjects. RESULTS A total of 3229 publications that met the search criteria were identified. A significant increase in the number of publications related to diabetes and depression has been observed in the past two decades. The most productive nation was the USA (n = 1015; 31.43%), followed by China (n = 325; 10.07%), the UK (n = 236; 7.31%), and Germany (n = 218; 6.75%). Three principal themes in research on depression and diabetes were delineated by the analysis. First, the exploration of the elevated prevalence and etiology of this comorbidity; second, the focus on interventions, particularly randomized controlled trials, aimed at enhancing diabetes management among individuals with depression; and finally, the investigation of the involved risk factors and biological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship. CONCLUSION There has been a recent surge of interest in the relationship between diabetes and depression. This could aid researchers to identify areas lacking in the literature and shape future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah W Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
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Ibañez S, Sengupta N, Luebke JI, Wimmer K, Weaver CM. Myelin dystrophy impairs signal transmission and working memory in a multiscale model of the aging prefrontal cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP90964. [PMID: 39028036 PMCID: PMC11259433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal aging leads to myelin alterations in the rhesus monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), which are positively correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized that remyelination with shorter and thinner myelin sheaths partially compensates for myelin degradation, but computational modeling has not yet explored these two phenomena together systematically. Here, we used a two-pronged modeling approach to determine how age-related myelin changes affect a core cognitive function: spatial working memory. First, we built a multicompartment pyramidal neuron model fit to monkey dlPFC empirical data, with an axon including myelinated segments having paranodes, juxtaparanodes, internodes, and tight junctions. This model was used to quantify conduction velocity (CV) changes and action potential (AP) failures after demyelination and subsequent remyelination. Next, we incorporated the single neuron results into a spiking neural network model of working memory. While complete remyelination nearly recovered axonal transmission and network function to unperturbed levels, our models predict that biologically plausible levels of myelin dystrophy, if uncompensated by other factors, can account for substantial working memory impairment with aging. The present computational study unites empirical data from ultrastructure up to behavior during normal aging, and has broader implications for many demyelinating conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ibañez
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus BellaterraBellaterraSpain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici CBellaterraSpain
| | - Nilapratim Sengupta
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall CollegeLancasterUnited States
| | - Jennifer I Luebke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Klaus Wimmer
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus BellaterraBellaterraSpain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici CBellaterraSpain
| | - Christina M Weaver
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall CollegeLancasterUnited States
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Xie YT, Yang YJ. Research fronts and researchers of World Journal of Psychiatry in 2023: A visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domains. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1118-1126. [PMID: 39050206 PMCID: PMC11262920 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i7.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rapidly evolving landscape of psychiatric research, 2023 marked another year of significant progress globally, with the World Journal of Psychiatry (WJP) experiencing notable expansion and influence. AIM To conduct a comprehensive visualization and analysis of the articles published in the WJP throughout 2023. By delving into these publications, the aim is to determine the valuable insights that can illuminate pathways for future research endeavors in the field of psychiatry. METHODS A selection process led to the inclusion of 107 papers from the WJP published in 2023, forming the dataset for the analysis. Employing advanced visualization techniques, this study mapped the knowledge domains represented in these papers. RESULTS The findings revealed a prevalent focus on key topics such as depression, mental health, anxiety, schizophrenia, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019. Additionally, through keyword clustering, it became evident that these papers were predominantly focused on exploring mental health disorders, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and related factors. Noteworthy contributions hailed authors in regions such as China, the United Kingdom, United States, and Turkey. Particularly, the paper garnered the highest number of citations, while the American Psychiatric Association was the most cited reference. CONCLUSION It is recommended that the WJP continue in its efforts to enhance the quality of papers published in the field of psychiatry. Additionally, there is a pressing need to delve into the potential applications of digital interventions and artificial intelligence within the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tian Xie
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha 410100, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Jing Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha 410100, Hunan Province, China
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Hirjak D, Rogers JP, Wolf RC, Kubera KM, Fritze S, Wilson JE, Sambataro F, Fricchione G, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ungvari GS, Northoff G. Catatonia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 39025858 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor, affective and cognitive-behavioural signs, which lasts from hours to days. Intensive research over the past two decades has led to catatonia being recognized as an independent diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) since 2022. Catatonia is found in 5-18% of inpatients on psychiatric units and 3.3% of inpatients on medical units. However, in an unknown number of patients, catatonia remains unrecognized and these patients are at risk of life-threatening complications. Hence, recognizing the symptoms of catatonia early is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment to achieve a favourable outcome. Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam and diazepam, electroconvulsive therapy, and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists such as amantadine and memantine, are the cornerstones of catatonia therapy. In addition, dopamine-modulating second-generation antipsychotics (for example, clozapine and aripiprazole) are effective in some patient populations. Early and appropriate treatment combined with new screening assessments has the potential to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with catatonia in psychiatric and non-psychiatric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | | | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Maria Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jo Ellen Wilson
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregory Fricchione
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Section of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Troisi A. Drug development in psychopharmacology: Insights from evolutionary psychiatry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105818. [PMID: 39032846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, no other branch of clinical pharmacology has been subject to as much criticism of failed innovation and unsatisfactory effectiveness as psychopharmacology. Evolutionary psychiatry can offer original insights on the problems that complicate pharmacological research. Considering that invalid phenotyping is a major obstacle to drug development, an evolutionary perspective suggests targeting clinical phenotypes related to evolved behavior systems because they are more likely to map onto the underlying biology than constructs based on predetermined diagnostic criteria. Because of their emphasis on symptom remission, pharmacological studies of psychiatric populations rarely include functional capacities as the primary outcome measure and neglect the impact of social context on the effects of psychiatric drugs. Evolutionary psychiatry explains why it is appropriate to replace symptoms with functional capacities as the primary target of psychiatric therapies and why social context should be a major focus of studies assessing the effectiveness of drugs currently used and new drugs under development. When the focus of research shifts to those questions that go beyond the "disease-based" concept of drug action, evolutionary psychiatry clearly emerges as a reference framework to assess drug effectiveness and to optimize clinicians' decisions about prescribing, deprescribing, and non-prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Troisi
- International Medical School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
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77
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Wu Y, Su B, Zhong P, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zheng X. Association between chronic disease status and transitions in depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese population: Insights from a Markov model-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01177-7. [PMID: 39032710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between chronic disease status (CDS) and transitions in depressive symptoms (DS) remains unclear. This study explores the association between CDS and DS transitions. METHODS This cohort study analyzed data from 8175 participants aged 45+, sourced from China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, 2020). DS were assessed using a brief version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CDS was categorized into healthy, single disease, and multimorbidity. Markov models were used to estimate state transition intensities, mean sojourn times and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS DS transitions occurred between adjacent and non-adjacent states, but transition intensity between adjacent states was higher than among non-adjacent states. Self-transition intensities of severe-DS, mild-DS, and non-DS progressively increased, with average durations of 1.365, 1.482, and 7.854 years, respectively. Both single disease and multimorbidity were significantly associated with an increased risk of transitioning from non-DS to mild-DS, with multimorbidity showing a stronger association. In contrast, HRs for single diseases transitioning from mild-DS to severe-DS were significantly lower than 1. Furthermore, their HRs were almost <1 in recovery transitions but not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS Specific chronic diseases and their combinations were not analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The progression of DS exhibits various pathways. CDS is associated with DS transitions, but the roles of single disease and multimorbidity may differ across different DS progression stages. Both conditions were significantly linked to the risk of new-onset DS, with multimorbidity posing a greater association. However, this relationship is not observed in other progression stages. These findings could provide insights for early prevention and intervention for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Binbin Su
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Population Health and Aging Science, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No. 31, Road 3rd, Bei-Ji-Ge, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Upasen R, Saengpanya W, Awae W, Prasitvej P. The influence of resilience and social support on mental health of older adults living in community: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:397. [PMID: 39020436 PMCID: PMC11256576 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is an important fundamental element of health that influences different dimensions of an older individual's life. There are various factors that affect the mental health of older adults, such as resilience and social support. However, the relationship between various factors and mental health is unclear. Purposes of the study were to investigates whether resilience and social support affect the mental health of older adults and to analyze the structural equation model of mental health among the older adults with resilience as a mediating variable. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 964 older adults by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected using the following questionnaires: Thai Elderly Resilience Scale, Social Support Scale, and Thai Geriatric Mental Health Assessment. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Path analysis. RESULTS The older adults had a high level of resilience, social support, and mental health (MH). The best model we obtained demonstrated that social support and resilience had directly statistically significant influences the MH. Social support also had statistically significant indirect effect via resilience to the MH. CONCLUSION Understanding the factors that influence mental health of older adults can be beneficial for health professionals to provide appropriate social support and resilience, including helping the older adult can join with others, be confident in life, have necessities, live with spiritual security, and be able to de-stress and management problems were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneekorn Upasen
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Borommaratchachonnanisrisataphat Building, the 11th floor, Rama I road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weeraphol Saengpanya
- Faculty of Education, Division of Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Research and Psychology, Thinking, Disposition, and Mental Health - Research Unit (TDMH-RU), Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Pramingkwaun Building, Floor 7, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanida Awae
- Faculty of Nursing, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat Province, 99 moo 8, Khok-Kian Sub-district, Mueang District, 96000, Thailand
| | - Preedanan Prasitvej
- Prachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province, 203 M.2, Thongchai Subdistrict, Mueang District, Phetchaburi Province, 76000, Thailand
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Zhang M, Fan C, Ma L, Wang H, Zu Z, Yang L, Chen F, Wei W, Li X. Assessing the effectiveness of internet-based interventions for mental health outcomes: an umbrella review. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101355. [PMID: 39040128 PMCID: PMC11261690 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet-based interventions (IBIs) for behavioural health have been prevalent for over two decades, and a growing proportion of individuals with mental health concerns prefer these emerging digital alternatives. However, the effectiveness and acceptability of IBIs for various mental health disorders continue to be subject to scholarly debate. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses (MAs), conducting literature searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane and Ovid Medline from their inception to 17 January 2023. A total of 87 MAs, reporting on 1683 randomised controlled trials and 295 589 patients, were included. The results indicated that IBIs had a moderate effect on anxiety disorder (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.53, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.62) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (SMD=0.63, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.89). In contrast, the efficacy on depression (SMD=0.45, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.52), addiction (SMD=0.23, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.31), suicidal ideation (SMD=0.23, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.30), stress (SMD=0.41, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.48) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (SMD=0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.73) was relatively small. However, no significant effects were observed for personality disorders (SMD=0.07, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.26). Our findings suggest a significant association between IBIs and improved mental health outcomes, with particular effectiveness noted in treating anxiety disorders and PTSD. However, it is noteworthy that the effectiveness of IBIs was impacted by high dropout rates during treatment. Furthermore, our results indicated that guided IBIs proved to be more effective than unguided ones, playing a positive role in reducing dropout rates and enhancing patient adherence rates. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023417366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huixue Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyue Zu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linxi Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fenglan Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wei
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Nishida A, Foo JC, Yamaguchi S, Togo F, Shimodera S, Nishida A, Okazaki Y, Sasaki T. Association between number of confidants and adolescent anxiety/depression: a school-based study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:87. [PMID: 39026352 PMCID: PMC11264789 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having no or few confidants is found to be associated with more severe mental health problems and a higher prevalence of depression in adults, but research examining this association in adolescents is scarce. Social relationships may be particularly critical during adolescence, as it is an important developmental period during which vulnerability to mental health problems increases. The present study examined the relationship between having no or few confidants and anxiety/depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional self-report survey targeting 7-12th grade students (age range: 12-18) was conducted in public junior and senior high schools in Mie and Kochi, Japan. Data from 17,829 students (49.7% boys) were analyzed. Associations between anxiety/depressive symptoms (12-item General Health Questionnaire; score range: 0-12) and the number of confidants (None, 1-3, or ≥ 4) were examined using multilevel regression analyses. The analyses were stratified by gender and school level (junior/senior high), and adjusted for experiences of being physically abused and bullied and the interactions of these experiences with the number of confidants. RESULTS Having no or 1-3 confidants was associated with more anxiety/depressive symptoms, compared to having ≥ 4 confidants (p < 0.001) in all stratified groups. Having no confidants was associated with more anxiety/depressive symptoms than having 1-3 confidants (p < 0.001); in senior high boys, no difference was observed between having no confidants and having 1-3 confidants. In addition, in senior high boys, victims of bullying who have confidants reported significantly less anxiety/depressive symptoms than the victims who have no confidants (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who had no or few confidants had more anxiety/depressive symptoms. Attention needs to be paid to better identify these adolescents, and avenues to support them need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishida
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, 11315 - 87 Ave NW, AB, T6G 2H5, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue & 112 Street, AB, T6G 2E1, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- The Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seiwa Hospital, 1777 Otu Sakawa, Takaoka, Kochi, 789-1202, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- The Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Ren X, Wen Y, Yuan M, Li C, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang S. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting ferroptosis via the p53/SAT1/ALOX15 signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176820. [PMID: 39032765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-driven cell death pathway, has been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I (CH-I) is a mixture of peptides with neurotrophic effects that improves cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid burden. The present study investigated the ferroptosis-induced signalling pathways and the neuroprotective effects of CH-I in the brains of AD transgenic mice. Seven-month-old male APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of CH-I and saline for 28 days. The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive function. CH-I significantly improved cognitive deficits and attenuated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. RNA sequencing revealed that multiple genes and pathways, including ferroptosis-related pathways, were involved in the neuroprotective effects of CH-I. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation, ferrous ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered expression of ferroptosis-related genes (recombinant solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11), spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)) were significantly alleviated after CH-I treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the expression of key ferroptosis-related genes and the p53/SAT1/arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) signalling pathway. The p53/SAT1/ALOX15 signalling pathway was found to be involved in mediating ferroptosis, and the activation of this pathway was significantly suppressed in AD by CH-I. CH-I demonstrated neuroprotective effects against AD by attenuating ferroptosis and the p53/SAT1/ALOX15 signalling pathway, thus providing new targets for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Mu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Chang Li
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
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82
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Rosen AO, Hidalgo MD, Mistler CB, Balluerka N, Gorostiaga A, Gómez-Benito J, Holmes AL, Huedo-Medina TB. Our lifestyles are back to 'normal', but is our mental health? Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Spanish adults: April 2021 to August 2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003389. [PMID: 39018295 PMCID: PMC11253917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on mental health since its start in 2020 and current data on mental health is limited. This study provides recent longitudinal data on psychological distress among a country-wide sample of adults. We recruited and surveyed 1,956 adults in Spain in April 2021 and August 2022 on sociodemographic- and pandemic-related psychological distress using the General Distress 21-item version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Paired sampled t-tests assessed DASS scores by sex from April 2021 to August 2022; and one-way ANOVAs assessed DASS scores across sociodemographic characteristics. Results showed that psychological distress slightly improved across the total sample from April 2021 to August 2022; though females, young adults, students, and individuals with lower income experienced more psychological distress. Increases in severe stress scores were found particularly among men. Our data provides an overview of the psychological distress of Spanish adults 2.5 years into the pandemic and provides novel evidence that though life has resumed a sense of normalcy after the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of key populations (e.g., females, young adults, students, low-income) is still suffering and further intervention and resources are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviana O. Rosen
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Colleen B. Mistler
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nekane Balluerka
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Gorostiaga
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Juana Gómez-Benito
- Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley L. Holmes
- Department of Health Policy, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, United States of America
| | - Tania B. Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
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83
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Qiu L, Ren Y, Li J, Li M, Li W, Qin L, Ning C, Zhang J, Gao F. Associations of muscle mass and strength with depression among US adults: A cross-sectional NHANES study. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01197-2. [PMID: 39029685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to assess the association between muscle mass and strength and depression through a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2014. METHODS Muscle mass was calculated by summing the lean body mass of the limbs and muscle strength was assessed by grip strength. Depression was determined by The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used weighted multivariate logistic regression models to explore the relationship between muscle mass and strength and depression. Generalized additive models were used to test for the presence of nonlinear associations. We then constructed a two-piece-wise linear regression model and performed a recursive algorithm to calculate inflection points. In addition, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed. RESULTS The study recruited 4871 adults from the United States. In regression models adjusted for all confounding variables, the OR (95 % CI) for the association between grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) and depression were 0.943 (0.903, 0.985), 0.945 (0.908, 0.983), respectively. There was a non-linear association between grip strength and depression with a turning point of 46.3. The OR (95 % CI) before the turning point was 0.920 (0.872, 0.972). The interaction was statistically significant only in the age analysis. There was also a nonlinear association between ALM and depression, but no significant turning point was found. The interaction was statistically significant in the gender and BMI analyses. CONCLUSION Grip strength and ALM are negatively associated with an increased likelihood of depression in US adults. Exercises for muscle mass and strength may help prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Qiu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meijie Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Lingli Qin
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chunhui Ning
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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84
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Sharma G, Chitturi V, Sharma VK, Kathrotia R, Barde P, Parmar N, Sharma M, Singh RD. Innovative strategies for managing hallucinations by exploring effects of tDCS on source monitoring abilities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16569. [PMID: 39019949 PMCID: PMC11254933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This randomised, crossover, sham-controlled study explored the neural basis of source-monitoring, a crucial cognitive process implicated in schizophrenia. Left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were the key focus areas. Thirty participants without neurological or psychological disorders underwent offline sham and active tDCS sessions with specific electrode montage targeting the left STG and DLPFC. Source-monitoring tasks, reality monitoring (Hear-Imagine), internal source-monitoring (Say-Imagine), and external source monitoring (Virtual-Real) were administered. Paired t-test and estimation statistics was performed with Graphpad version 10.1.0. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was employed to control the false discovery rate in multiple hypothesis testing. A significant improvement in internal source monitoring tasks (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.97) was observed, but reality monitoring tasks demonstrated moderate improvement (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.44). The study provides insights into the neural mechanisms of source monitoring in healthy individuals and proposes tDCS as a therapeutic intervention, laying the foundation for future studies to refine tDCS protocols and develop individualized approaches to address source monitoring deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Chitturi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradip Barde
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Parmar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Medhavi Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
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85
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Lopez-Romeo S, Subira-Alvarez S, Miranda-Mendizabal A, Piqueras-Marques J, Leal-Pujol R, Recoder S, Calbo E, Casajuana-Closas M, Forero CG, Castellvi P. Having any mental health condition before the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor of COVID-19 contagion during the first year of pandemic: A Spanish adult cohort. Stress Health 2024:e3446. [PMID: 39019647 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that subjects suffering from a mental health condition before the COVID-19 pandemic were at higher risk of contagion, but mostly are cross-sectional or retrospective. The BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 is a longitudinal cohort study design with 922 subjects who full filled two evaluations from an online survey of Spanish residents before and during the pandemic. Mental health conditions assessed were: Major Depressive Episode (MDE), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours (STB) and subthreshold of panic and bipolar disorder (BD). Mental health screening instruments used were: the Spanish version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 for the evaluation of MDE, the GAD-7 scale to evaluate GAD; STB was evaluated with four items from the CIDI questionnaire. Panic Disorder and BD were screened from a modified and self-reported version of the CIDI. A bivariate plus five logistic regression models were developed for each mental health condition adjusted by socio-demographic variables; employment status; general and physical health; comorbidity; and including all previous variables and the other mental health conditions. We found in bivariate model that MDE; GAD and STB were statistically significant risk factors of contagion of COVID-19. The logistic regression models developed reveal that having a previous GAD (aOR 3.30 1.31-8.31) or STB (aOR 2.16 CI 95% 1.01-4.62) was statistically significant associated with COVID-19 contagion, independently of all variables included. MDE was not a risk factor of contagion when it was adjusted by comorbidity (aOR 0.99 CI 95% 0.47-2.09). It is recommended to detect those subjects with previous GAD or STB as vulnerable groups of infection to reduce contagion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Lopez-Romeo
- Benito Menni CASM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susana Subira-Alvarez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Piqueras-Marques
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raquel Leal-Pujol
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Silvia Recoder
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Marc Casajuana-Closas
- Institut Universitari de Investigació en Atenció Primaria Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Castellvi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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86
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Wu D, Chen S, Zhong X, Zhang J, Zhao G, Jiang L. Prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms across trimesters: a study of 110,584 pregnant women covered by a mobile app-based screening programme in Shenzhen, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:480. [PMID: 39014317 PMCID: PMC11251361 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a significant public health issue affecting pregnant women both globally and in China. Using data from a mobile app-based screening programme, this study explored the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms across different trimesters in Shenzhen. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women who gave birth in any hospital in Shenzhen between July 2021 and May 2022 and underwent depression screening using an official maternal and infant health mobile app at least once during pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with cut-off scores of 5 and 10 for mild and high level of symptoms, respectively. The prevalence for each trimester was determined by calculating the proportion of women scoring 5 or higher. A variety of sociodemographic, obstetric, psychological, and lifestyle factors were assessed for their association with depressive symptoms. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify significant predictors. RESULTS A total of 110,584 pregnant women were included in the study, with an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms of 18.0% and a prevalence of high-level symptoms of 4.2%. Depressive symptoms were most prevalent in the first trimester (10.9%) and decreased in the second (6.2%) and third trimesters (6.3%). Only a small proportion (0.4%) of women showed persistent depressive symptoms across all trimesters. Anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy emerged as the most significant predictor of depressive symptoms. Other factors linked to an increased risk throughout pregnancy include lower marital satisfaction, living with parents-in-law, experience of negative life events, as well as drinking before and during pregnancy. Factors associated with a reduced risk throughout pregnancy include multiparity and daily physical activity. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms in Shenzhen. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups and the integration of mental health care into routine antenatal services. Continuous, dynamic monitoring of depressive symptoms for pregnant women and ensuring at-risk women receive comprehensive follow-up and appropriate psychological or psychiatric care are crucial for effectively addressing antenatal depression and improving maternal and infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Wu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanglin Zhao
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
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87
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Zhao W, Qiao C, Liu J, Zhou M, Lan Q, Liang W, Xiao Y, Yang M, Yang Y, Gong P. Genetic Contributions on Attachment in Emerging Adults: Cumulative Effects of Serotonergic Polymorphisms. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02054-y. [PMID: 39014157 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Attachment in emerging adults is closely intertwined with emotion regulation, stress coping, and social bonding during the transition from childhood to early adulthood. Due to the critical roles of serotonin in these mental functions, this research explored whether the cumulative genetic effects of serotonergic polymorphisms are associated with individual differences and contextual variations in attachment dimensions over time in emerging adults. Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional design in college students (N = 1088, mean age = 22.71 ± 2.86 years). The results showed significant correlations between a higher cumulative genetic score and elevated levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Study 2 employed a three-wave longitudinal design in a cohort of freshmen (N = 523, mean age = 19.54 ± 1.86 years at wave 1). The results demonstrated that a higher genetic score was associated with both higher levels and greater variability in attachment dimensions compared to a lower genetic score. These findings suggest that the cumulative genetic effects of serotonergic polymorphisms contribute to individual differences and dynamic processes in attachment dimensions in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenjin Qiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qi Lan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- College of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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88
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Yang J, Wang L, Jin C, Wu YW, Zhao K. The Bridge Between Childhood Trauma and Alexithymia Among Adolescents with Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Network Bridge Analysis. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01737-8. [PMID: 39012545 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Childhood trauma and alexithymia are significant risk factors for adolescent mental health issues. Prior research has linked these factors to psychopathology, but the complexities of their interrelation remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between various forms of childhood trauma and alexithymia in adolescents with depressive and bipolar disorders. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and network analysis were utilized on data from 2343 Chinese adolescents (aged 12-18 years, 77.93% female) diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder. Measures included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). SEM demonstrated a significant correlation between childhood trauma and alexithymia. Network analysis identified emotional abuse and difficulty identifying feelings as central nodes. Emotional abuse emerged as a key factor for difficulty in emotional identification among adolescents. This study highlights the need for early intervention and the importance of emotional nurturing in childhood to prevent long-term socioemotional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijun Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Student Affairs Division, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323060, China.
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89
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Gao Q, Cil O. Magnesium for disease treatment and prevention: emerging mechanisms and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024:S0165-6147(24)00123-8. [PMID: 39019764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a commonly used dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Mg2+ in most diseases have been controversial because of conflicting findings in earlier studies. Recent clinical and preclinical studies provide novel insights into the use of Mg2+ for the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting different organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of recent clinical evidence for, and controversies over, the medical benefits of Mg2+. In addition, we critically discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of Mg2+, which could enable the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Onur Cil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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90
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Shalev L, Eitan R, Rose AJ. The Use of Telepsychiatry Services in Emergency Settings: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51814. [PMID: 39008831 DOI: 10.2196/51814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telepsychiatry (TP), a live video meeting, has been implemented in many contexts and settings. It has a distinct advantage in the psychiatric emergency department (ED) setting, as it expedites expert assessments for psychiatric patients. However, limited knowledge exits for TP's effectiveness in the ED setting, as well as the process of implementing TP in this setting. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to review the existing evidence for the administrative and clinical outcomes for TP in the ED setting and to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing TP in this setting. METHODS The scoping review was conducted according to the guidelines for the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Three electronic databases were examined: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The databases were searched from January 2013 to April 2023 for papers and their bibliography. A total of 2816 potentially relevant papers were retrieved from the initial search. Studies were screened and selected independently by 2 authors. RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included. Ten papers reported on administrative and clinical outcomes of TP use in the ED setting and 1 on the barriers and facilitators of its implementation. TP is used in urban and rural areas and for settings with and with no on-site psychiatric services. Evidence shows that TP reduced waiting time for psychiatric evaluation, but in some studies, it was associated with prolonged total length of stay in the ED compared with in-person evaluation. Findings indicate lower admission rates in patients assessed with TP in the ED. Limited data were reported for TP costs, its use for involuntary commitment evaluations, and its use for particular subgroups of patients (eg, those with a particular diagnosis). A single paper examined TP implementation process in the ED, which explored the barriers and facilitators for implementation among patients and staff in a rural setting. CONCLUSIONS Based on the extant studies, TP seems to be generally feasible and acceptable to key stakeholders. However, this review detected a gap in the literature regarding TP's effectiveness and implementation process in the ED setting. Specific attention should be paid to the examination of this service for specific groups of patients, as well as its use to enable assessments for possible involuntary commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligat Shalev
- School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Renana Eitan
- Psychiatric Division, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Adam J Rose
- School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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91
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Maes M, Jirakran K, Vasupanrajit A, Niu M, Zhou B, Stoyanov DS, Tunvirachaisakul C. The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116085. [PMID: 39032358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between the recurrence of illness (ROI) and biomarkers related to an activated immune network, immune-linked neurotoxicity (INT), and a combined INT and atherogenicity index (METAMMUNE). The study involved 67 healthy controls and 66 outpatient MDD (OMDD) participants. We utilized a Multiplex method to measure 48 cytokines and examined INT and METAMMUNE composite scores in association with different ROI indices. Our findings revealed that a ROI index was successfully created by extracting a validated principal component, from the physician-rated or self-declared number of depressive episodes, the frequency of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts. ROI was significantly associated with INT and METAMMUNE indices, neuroticism, lifetime and current suicidal behaviors, and the phenome. Our analysis also revealed that a significant portion of the variance in the OMDD phenome, which includes current suicidal behaviors, anxiety, and depression, can be accounted for by the regression on INT, ROI, and emotional neglect and abuse. A validated latent construct was successfully extracted from the three ROI components, INT and METAMMUNE indices. The results indicate that increasing ROI indicates heightened immune-metabolic abnormalities, increased risk of suicidal behaviors, and elevated severity of lifetime and current phenome features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU - PLOVDIV-(SRIPD-MUP)", Creation of a Network of Research Higher Schools, National Plan for Recovery and Sustainability, European Union - NextGenerationEU; Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mengqi Niu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Drozdstoj St Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU - PLOVDIV-(SRIPD-MUP)", Creation of a Network of Research Higher Schools, National Plan for Recovery and Sustainability, European Union - NextGenerationEU
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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92
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Honda Pazili T. A Severe Alzheimer's Disease Patient Improved by Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplant. Case Rep Neurol Med 2024; 2024:8353492. [PMID: 39040486 PMCID: PMC11262880 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8353492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and is the most common form of dementia. The terminal stage of AD is characterized by severe cognitive and substantial functional decline, requiring extensive assistance with daily activities. As effective therapies at this stage are not fully available, development of therapeutics that can recover any symptoms would be important to improve the quality of life. Recently, stem cell therapy has gathered a lot of attention in several neurological diseases, including AD. Here, we report an AD patient at the terminal stage whose symptoms were improved by the intravenous administration of ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The case is a 61-year-old woman with severe Alzheimer's disease who had been admitted to the special nursing home. She could neither walk nor sit up independently. She also did neither smile nor gaze properly when talked to. Rigidity including neck motion was observed. She was on dysphagia diets. We cultured her bone-marrow-derived MSCs and intravenously administered 1,5 × 108 cells. After the treatment, smile loss, eye movement dysfunction, and neck immobility were improved. This is the first case report that showed the therapeutic effects of MSCs on terminal symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Honda Pazili
- Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell TherapyJapan Tokyo Stem Cell Transplant Research Institute Ginza Clinic, Ginza 4-3-9, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0067, Japan
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93
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Li J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Ren X, Qiang Y, Zhang L, Guo L, Liu K. Reactive astrogliosis induced by TNF-α is associated with upregulated AEG-1 together with activated NF-κB pathway in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2024; 837:137899. [PMID: 39019146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) has garnered signficant attention in cancer research, yet, its role in inflammation-associated astrogliosis remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the effects of AEG-1 on reactive astrogliosis, including proliferation, migration, and glutamate uptake in primary astrocytes derived from rats. We first confirmed the effect of AEG-1 on these parameters. Subsequently, we investigated whether AEG-1 plays a role in the process of pro-inflammation factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced astrogliosis. Our findings revealed that AEG-1-lentivirus infection led to hypertrophic cell bodies and enhanced expression of astrogliosis markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Additionally, AEG-1 was found to upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of EAAT2, a major glutamate transporter in the brain predominantly expressed by astrocytes and responsible for 90% of glutamate clearance. Furthermore, TNF-α was shown to promote astrogliosis, as well as astrocyte proliferation and migration, by upregulating AEG-1 expression through the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a potential role for AEG-1 in inflammation-related astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yahe Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiaofan Ren
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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94
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Jørgensen MS, Vestergaard M, Beck E, Storebø OJ, Poulsen S, Simonsen E, Bo S. Attachment Problems and Mentalizing Capacity Relate to Parent-Child Informant Discrepancies in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01735-w. [PMID: 39008199 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Parent-child informant discrepancies on psychopathology provide important knowledge on the parent-child relationship and the child's mental health, but mechanisms underlying parent-child informant discrepancies are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between attachment problems and mentalizing capacity and parent-child informant discrepancies on borderline personality disorder (BPD) severity, internalizing, and externalizing pathology in a clinical sample of 91 adolescent girls with BPD and their parents. Results showed that more attachment problems to parents and peers were related to adolescents reporting more severe BPD than parents. Adolescents who described more internalizing symptoms relative to parents, reported more parental attachment problems, but enhanced peer attachment, suggesting those adolescents who do not feel recognized by their parents might turn to their friends. When parents rated adolescents higher on externalizing behaviors, the adolescent reported more attachment problems to parents and lower mentalizing capacity, indicating that this sub-group of adolescents may reflect less about how their behavior affects others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Sedoc Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Smedegade 16, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Jakob Storebø
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Smedegade 16, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stig Poulsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services, Region Zealand East, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sune Bo
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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95
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Kim S, Park J, Lee H, Lee H, Woo S, Kwon R, Kim S, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Rahmati M, Fond G, Boyer L, Kang J, Lee JH, Oh J, Yon DK. Global public concern of childhood and adolescence suicide: a new perspective and new strategies for suicide prevention in the post-pandemic era. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00828-9. [PMID: 39008157 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people worldwide and is responsible for about 52,000 deaths annually in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years. Familial, social, psychological, and behavioral factors play important roles in suicide risk. As traumatic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to suicidal behaviors in young people, there is a need to understand the current status of suicide in adolescents, including its epidemiology, associated factors, the influence of the pandemic, and management initiatives. DATA SOURCES We investigated global and regional suicide mortality rates among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The suicide mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were examined in 204 countries and territories across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Additionally, we utilized electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, and employed various combinations of terms such as "suicide", "adolescents", "youth", "children", "risk factors", "COVID-19 pandemic", "prevention", and "intervention" to provide a narrative review on suicide within the pediatric population in the post-pandemic era. RESULTS Despite the decreasing trend in the global suicide mortality rate from 1990 to 2019, it remains high. The mortality rates from suicide by firearms or any other specified means were both greater in males. Additionally, Southeast Asia had the highest suicide rate among the six WHO regions. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to contribute to suicide risk in young people; thus, there is still a strong need to revisit appropriate management for suicidal children and adolescents during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The current narrative review integrates up-to-date knowledge on suicide epidemiology and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors, and intervention strategies. Although numerous studies have characterized trends in suicide among young people during the pre-pandemic era, further studies are required to investigate suicide during the pandemic and new strategies for suicide prevention in the post-pandemic era. It is necessary to identify effective prevention strategies targeting young people, particularly those at high risk, and successful treatment for individuals already manifesting suicidal behaviors. Care for suicidal children and adolescents should be improved with parental, school, community, and clinical involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Selin Woo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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96
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Yu X, Liang S, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zou X, Ming WK, Guan B. A nomogram and online calculator for predicting depression risk in obese Americans. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33825. [PMID: 39044983 PMCID: PMC11263725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obese patients with depression face higher risks of adverse events. However, depression is often misdiagnosed and undertreated in this group. This study aimed to identify predictors of depression and create a nomogram and calculator to assess depression risk in obese Americans. Methods This cross-sectional study included 2674 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (NHANES). These participants were randomly classified into the training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. Predictors were selected by LASSO and multivariate logistic regression analysis to create the nomogram. C-statistics, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to test the nomogram's discriminative ability, calibration quality, and clinical value. Internal validation with bootstrap resampling and external validation with the validation group were also conducted. Results The training and validation group consists of 1871 and 803 participants. Depression was presented in 11.4 % (203/2674) of these participants. Seven predictors were found, including gender, hypertension, weekday sleep duration, poverty to income ratio, history of seeing mental health doctor, diabetes, and feeling sleepy during the day. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.817 (95 % CI: 0.786-0.848) (0.806 through internal validation and 0.772 through external validation) and good calibration (P = 0.536). The DCA further confirmed the nomogram's clinical usefulness. Conclusion The nomogram and calculator effectively predict depression risk in obese Americans and can be used as auxiliary tools for early screening in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Yu
- Comprehensive Special Diagnosis Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanya Chen
- College of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tieling Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Zou
- School of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan, China
| | - Wai-kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingsheng Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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97
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Wang L, Wang X, Su H, Xu J. Association between vitamin A intake and depression among patients with heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39007536 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to investigate the association between vitamin A intake and depression among patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, data of HF patients were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2020. The independent variable was vitamin A intake, and the dependent variable was depression. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of vitamin A intake with depression in HF patients. A total of 999 HF patients were included, with a mean age of 66.19 (0.51) years, and 566 (52.49%) were male. And 197 patients have depression. Vitamin A intake ≥731.38 mcg was associated with lower incidence of depression [odds ratio (OR) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.76] in HF patients. Similarly, the relationship between high vitamin A intake and lower odds of depression were also observed in subgroups of those aged >65 years (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04-0.55), males (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.86), without hypertension (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.58), without diabetes (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11-0.78), with hyperlipidaemia (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.64), and with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13-0.80). CONCLUSIONS High vitamin A intake was associated with lower odds of depression in HF patients. Appropriate vitamin A supplementation may have potential benefit to the prevention of depression in HF patients. Additional prospective large-scale studies are required to confirm whether or not vitamin A could lead to decrease in depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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98
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King C, Rogers LG, Jansen J, Sivayokan B, Neyhard J, Warnes E, Hall SE, Plakke B. Adolescent treadmill exercise enhances hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improves cognition in autism-modeled rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114638. [PMID: 39004196 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors and altered communication abilities. Exercise is a low-cost intervention that could improve cognitive function and improve brain plasticity mechanisms. Here, the valproic acid (VPA) model was utilized to induce ASD-like phenotypes in rodents. Animals were exercised on a treadmill and performance was evaluated on a cognitive flexibility task. Biomarkers related to exercise and plasticity regulation were quantified from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and skeletal muscle. Exercised VPA animals had higher levels of hippocampal BDNF compared to sedentary VPA animals and upregulated antioxidant enzyme expression in skeletal muscle. Cognitive improvements were demonstrated in both sexes, but in different domains of cognitive flexibility. This research demonstrates the benefits of exercise and provides evidence that molecular responses to exercise occur in both the central nervous system and in the periphery. These results suggest that improving regulation of BDNF via exercise, even at low intensity, could provide better synaptic regulation and cognitive benefits for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Liza G Rogers
- Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jeremy Jansen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Bhavana Sivayokan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jenna Neyhard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ellie Warnes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Stephanie E Hall
- Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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99
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Mahmood S, Tan X, Chen B, Tor PC. The influence of age on ECT efficacy in depression, mania, psychotic depression and schizophrenia: A transdiagnostic analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:203-210. [PMID: 39032274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM ECT use is variable across age groups. We aim to investigate the effect of age on ECT response among patients with depression, psychotic depression, mania and schizophrenia. METHODS Our retrospective observational study included patients from the Institute of Mental Health (Singapore) who were initiated on ECT (March 2017-February 2023). MADRS and BPRS scores were assessed 1-2 days before the first ECT and after the 6th session. The association between age group and ECT response was analyzed by ANOVA and generalized linear regression. A one-way sensitivity analysis was performed with age as a continuous variable. RESULTS 166 (15.7%) patients were "young-age (≤26 years)", 634 (60%) patients were in the "middle-age (27-59 years)" group and 256 (24.3%) were "old-age (≥60 years)". The association between older age and post-ECT improvement in patients with depression was significant in the categorical age analysis but it did not persist in the sensitivity analysis. No significant association between age and ECT response was noted in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as evidenced by both categorical and continuous age analyses. In a small subgroup with psychotic depression, younger patients improved significantly more than older patients post-ECT. CONCLUSION Patients with unipolar or bipolar depression, mania, or schizophrenia, regardless of age, respond favourably to ECT. Other associated factors such as psychomotor and psychotic symptoms, disease severity and number of failed pharmacotherapies should be considered in predicting ECT response. Younger patients with psychotic depression may respond better to ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Tan
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore
| | - Birong Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore
| | - Phern Chern Tor
- Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore
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100
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Sultan AA, Karthikeyan S, Grigorian A, Kennedy KG, Mio M, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Cerebral blood flow in relation to peripheral endothelial function in youth bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111087. [PMID: 39004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anomalous cerebral blood flow (CBF) is evident in bipolar disorder (BD), however the extent to which CBF reflects peripheral vascular function in BD is unknown. This study investigated endothelial function, an index of early atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk, in relation to CBF among youth with BD. METHODS Participants included 113 youth, 13-20 years old (66 BD; 47 healthy controls [HC]). CBF was measured using arterial spin labeling with 3T MRI. Region of interest analyses (ROI; global grey matter, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, temporal cortex, caudate) were undertaken alongside voxel-wise analyses. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function, was assessed non-invasively via pulse amplitude tonometry. General linear models were used to examine RHI and RHI-by-diagnosis associations with CBF, controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used for ROI analyses, such that the significance level was divided by the number of ROIs (α = 0.05/5 = 0.01). Cluster-extent thresholding was used to correct for multiple comparisons for voxel-wise analyses. RESULTS ROI findings were not significant after correction. Voxel-wise analyses found that higher RHI was associated with lower left thalamus CBF in the whole group (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant RHI-by-diagnosis associations with CBF were found in three clusters: left intracalcarine cortex (p < 0.001), left thalamus (p < 0.001), and right frontal pole (p = 0.006). Post-hoc analyses showed that in each cluster, higher RHI was associated with lower CBF in BD, but higher CBF in HC. CONCLUSION We found that RHI was differentially associated with CBF in youth with BD versus HC. The unanticipated association of higher RHI with lower CBF in BD could potentially reflect a compensatory mechanism. Future research, including prospective studies and experimental designs are warranted to build on the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudhir Karthikeyan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anahit Grigorian
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Mio
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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