99951
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Gay F, D'Agostino M, Giaccone L, Genuardi M, Festuccia M, Boccadoro M, Bruno B. Immuno-oncologic Approaches: CAR-T Cells and Checkpoint Inhibitors. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:471-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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99952
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Xiang N, Lyu Y, Zhu X, Bhunia AK, Narsimhan G. Effect of physicochemical properties of peptides from soy protein on their antimicrobial activity. Peptides 2017; 94:10-18. [PMID: 28587835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill microbial cells through insertion and damage/permeabilization of the cytoplasmic cell membranes and has applications in food safety and antibiotic replacement. Soy protein is an attractive, abundant natural source for commercial production of AMPs. In this research, explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to investigate the effects of (i) number of total and net charges, (ii) hydrophobicity (iii) hydrophobic moment and (iv) helicity of peptides from soy protein on their ability to bind to lipid bilayer and their transmembrane aggregates to form pores. Interaction of possible AMP segments from soy protein with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPC/POPG) bilayers, a mimic of bacterial cell membrane, was investigated. Pore formation was insensitive to helicity and occurred for hydrophobicity threshold in the range of -0.3-0kcal/mol, hydrophobic moment threshold of 0.3kcal/mol, net charge threshold of 2. Though low hydrophobicity and high number of charges help in the formation of water channel for transmembrane aggregates, insertion of peptides with these properties requires overcome of energy barrier, as shown by potential of mean force calculations, thereby resulting in low antimicrobial activity. Experimental evaluation of antimicrobial activity of these peptides against Gram positive L. monocytogenes and Gram negative E. coli as obtained by spot-on-lawn assay was consistent with simulation results. These results should help in the development of guidelines for selection of peptides with antimicrobial activity based on their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Research Computing, Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ganesan Narsimhan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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99953
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Selinger M, Wilkie GS, Tong L, Gu Q, Schnettler E, Grubhoffer L, Kohl A. Analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus-induced host responses in human cells of neuronal origin and interferon-mediated protection. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2043-2060. [PMID: 28786780 PMCID: PMC5817271 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus. It can cause serious infections in humans that may result in encephalitis/meningoencephalitis. Although several studies have described the involvement of specific genes in the host response to TBEV infection in the central nervous system (CNS), the overall network remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we investigated the response of DAOY cells (human medulloblastoma cells derived from cerebellar neurons) to TBEV (Neudoerfl strain, Western subtype) infection to characterize differentially expressed genes by transcriptome analysis. Our results revealed a wide panel of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type III but not type I (or II) interferons (IFNs), which are activated upon TBEV infection, as well as a number of non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs. To obtain a broader view of the pathways responsible for eliciting an antiviral state in DAOY cells we examined the effect of type I and III IFNs and found that only type I IFN pre-treatment inhibited TBEV production. The cellular response to TBEV showed only partial overlap with gene expression changes induced by IFN-β treatment - suggesting a virus-specific signature - and we identified a group of ISGs that were highly up-regulated following IFN-β treatment. Moreover, a high rate of down-regulation was observed for a wide panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon IFN-β treatment. These data can serve as the basis for further studies of host-TBEV interactions and the identification of ISGs and/or lncRNAs with potent antiviral effects in cases of TBEV infection in human neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Selinger
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gavin S. Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Lily Tong
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Quan Gu
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Esther Schnettler
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
- Present address: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Libor Grubhoffer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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99954
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Wang R, Wang Y, Mu N, Lou X, Li W, Chen Y, Fan D, Tan H. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2017; 97:922-934. [PMID: 28394319 PMCID: PMC5537437 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been shown to promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been identified as the cellular machinery responsible for activation of inflammatory processes. In this study, we hypothesized that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to HHcy-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice were fed regular chow, high-fat (HF) diet, or HF plus high methionine diet to induce HHcy. To assess the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in HHcy-aggravated atherosclerosis, NLRP3 shRNA viral suspension was injected via tail vein to knock down the NLRP3 gene. Increased plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-18, aggravated macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesions, and accelerated development of atherosclerosis were detected in HHcy mice as compared with control mice, and were associated with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Silencing the NLRP3 gene significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, attenuated macrophage infiltration and improved HHcy-induced atherosclerosis. We also examined the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-differentiated macrophages in the presence or absence of NLRP3 siRNA or the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-WEHD-FMK. We found that Hcy activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and promoted subsequent production of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages, which were blocked by NLRP3 gene silencing or Z-WEHD-FMK. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have a central role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, we next investigated whether antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented Hcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. We found Hcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was abolished by NAC. Treatment with NAC in HHcy mice also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved HHcy-induced atherosclerosis. These data suggest that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to HHcy-aggravated inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. Hcy activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in ROS-dependent pathway in macrophages. These results may have implication for the treatment of HHcy-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Mu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Lou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. E-mail: or
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. E-mail: or
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99955
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Roussel M, Ferrell PB, Greenplate AR, Lhomme F, Le Gallou S, Diggins KE, Johnson DB, Irish JM. Mass cytometry deep phenotyping of human mononuclear phagocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells from human blood and bone marrow. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:437-447. [PMID: 28400539 PMCID: PMC6608074 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ma1116-457r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocyte phagocyte system (MPS) includes numerous monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell (DC) populations that are heterogeneous, both phenotypically and functionally. In this study, we sought to characterize those diverse MPS phenotypes with mass cytometry (CyTOF). To identify a deep phenotype of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs, a panel was designed to measure 38 identity, activation, and polarization markers, including CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, CD163, CD206, CD33, CD36, CD32, CD64, CD13, CD11b, CD11c, CD86, and CD274. MPS diversity was characterized for 1) circulating monocytes from healthy donors, 2) monocyte-derived macrophages further polarized in vitro (i.e., M-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, or LPS long-term stimulations), 3) monocyte-derived DCs, and 4) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), generated in vitro from bone marrow and/or peripheral blood. Known monocyte subsets were detected in peripheral blood to validate the panel and analysis pipeline. Then, using various culture conditions and stimuli before CyTOF analysis, we constructed a multidimensional framework for the MPS compartment, which was registered against historical M1 or M2 macrophages, monocyte subsets, and DCs. Notably, MDSCs generated in vitro from bone marrow expressed more S100A9 than when generated from peripheral blood. Finally, to test the approach in vivo, peripheral blood from patients with melanoma (n = 5) was characterized and observed to be enriched for MDSCs with a phenotype of CD14+HLA-DRlowS100A9high (3% of PBMCs in healthy donors, 15.5% in patients with melanoma, P < 0.02). In summary, mass cytometry comprehensively characterized phenotypes of human monocyte, MDSC, macrophage, and DC subpopulations in both in vitro models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Roussel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- CHU de Rennes, Pole de Biologie, Rennes, France
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Rennes, France; and
| | - P Brent Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Simon Le Gallou
- CHU de Rennes, Pole de Biologie, Rennes, France
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Rennes, France; and
| | - Kirsten E Diggins
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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99956
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The Influence and Delivery of Cytokines and their Mediating Effect on Muscle Satellite Cells. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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99957
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Immune regulation mechanism of Astragaloside IV on RAW264.7 cells through activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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99958
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Wang K, Zhu X, Zhang K, Yao Y, Zhuang M, Tan C, Zhou F, Zhu L. Puerarin inhibits amyloid β-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in retinal pigment epithelial cells via suppressing ROS-dependent oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:335-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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99959
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Mengus C, Muraro MG, Mele V, Amicarella F, Manfredonia C, Foglietta F, Muenst S, Soysal SD, Iezzi G, Spagnoli GC. In Vitro Modeling of Tumor-Immune System Interaction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:314-323. [PMID: 33418726 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged during the past two decades as an innovative and successful form of cancer treatment. However, frequently, mechanisms of actions are still unclear, predictive markers are insufficiently characterized, and preclinical assays for innovative treatments are poorly reliable. In this context, the analysis of tumor/immune system interaction plays key roles, but may be unreliably mirrored by in vivo experimental models and standard bidimensional culture systems. Tridimensional cultures of tumor cells have been developed to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Interestingly, defined aspects of the interaction of cells from adaptive and innate immune systems and tumor cells may also be mirrored by 3D cultures. Here we review in vitro models of cancer/immune cell interaction and we propose that updated technologies might help develop innovative treatments, identify biologicals of potential clinical relevance, and select patients eligible for immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Muenst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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99960
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Matsumoto M, Araki K, Hayashi K, Takeuchi Y, Shiozaki K, Suetake H, Yamamoto A. Adjuvant effect of recombinant interleukin-12 in the Nocardiosis formalin-killed vaccine of the amberjack Seriola dumerili. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:263-269. [PMID: 28602739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis causes serious economic damage in the fish farming of Japanese yellowtail fish. Nocardia seriolae identified as pathogenic bacterium is an intracellular-pathogen. In general, induction of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is effective in infection defense against intracellular-pathogen. However, the conventional formalin-killed N. seriolae (FKC) vaccine induces humoral immunity. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is Th1 type heterodimeric cytokine and induces cell differentiation in mammals. Our previous study showed that recombinant amberjack IL-12 has a role in CMI induction in vitro and could be a possible CMI inducing adjuvant. However, its adjuvant effect of fish IL-12 was not studied. In the present study, six types of amberjack recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) were mixed and injected into amberjack with FKC. Firstly, we analyzed Th1- and Th2- related gene expression and monitored Th1/Th2 status followed by investigation of antibody titer. As a result, Th1-type immunity was induced in FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish. Secondly, we checked Th1/Th2 status of vaccinated fish after 10 days of N. seriolae infection using the expression of related genes. High T-bet/GATA-3 ratio was observed in FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish, suggesting that Th1 cells possesing antigen memory were induced against N. seriolae infection. Finally, the survival rate in challenge test showed that 88% of FKC + rIL-12 vaccinated fish was survived at 34 days after N. seriolae injection whereas PBS (control) and FKC only were exterminated. These result suggest that i) rIL-12 is viable CMI inducible adjuvant and ii) production of Th1 cells having antigen memory resulting from activation of IL-12 signaling pathway is important for defense against N. seriolae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Araki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kazuma Hayashi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
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99961
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Zhang M, Wang X, Han MK, Collins JF, Merlin D. Oral administration of ginger-derived nanolipids loaded with siRNA as a novel approach for efficient siRNA drug delivery to treat ulcerative colitis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1927-1943. [PMID: 28665164 PMCID: PMC5827822 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop novel siRNA delivery system overcoming the limitations of synthetic nanoparticles, such as potential side effects, nonspecificity and economic production for ulcerative colitis therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanoparticles composed of edible ginger-derived lipid, termed ginger-derived lipid vehicles (GDLVs) were generated from ginger lipids through hydration of a lipid film, a commonly used method for a liposome fabrication. The morphology, biocompatibility and transfection efficiency of GDLVs loaded with siRNA-CD98 (siRNA-CD98/GDLVs) were characterized by standard methods. RESULTS Orally administered siRNA-CD98/GDLVs were effectively targeted specifically to colon tissues, resulting in reduced expression of CD98. CONCLUSION These GDLVs have great promise as efficient siRNA-delivery vehicles while potentially obviating issues related to the traditional synthetic nanoparticles. As such, they help shift the current paradigm of siRNA delivery away from artificially synthesized nanoparticles toward the use of naturally derived nanovehicles from edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Moon Kwon Han
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- Alanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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99962
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Zhang LF, Jiang S, Liu MF. MicroRNA regulation and analytical methods in cancer cell metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2929-2941. [PMID: 28321489 PMCID: PMC11107497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of glucose metabolism from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, is an anomalous characteristic of cancer cell metabolism. Recent studies have revealed a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs) that play critical roles in regulating the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. These miRNAs regulate cellular glucose metabolism by directly targeting multiple metabolic genes, including those encoding key glycolytic enzymes. In the first part of this review, we summarized the recent knowledge of miRNA regulation in the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells and discussed the potential utilization of the key miRNA regulators as metabolic targets for developing new antitumor agents. Then, we summarized recent advances in methods and techniques for studying miRNA regulation in cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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99963
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Wang YL, Zhang CX. Putting a brake on synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2917-2927. [PMID: 28361181 PMCID: PMC11107501 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In chemical synapses, action potentials evoke synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane at the active zone to release neurotransmitter. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) then follows exocytosis to recapture vesicle proteins and lipid components for recycling and the maintenance of membrane homeostasis. Therefore, SVE plays an essential role during neurotransmission and is one of the most precisely regulated biological processes. Four modes of SVE have been characterized and both positive and negative regulators have been identified. However, our understanding of SVE regulation remains unclear, especially the identity of negative regulators and their mechanisms of action. Here, we review the current knowledge of proteins that function as inhibitors of SVE and their modes of action in different forms of endocytosis. We also propose possible physiological roles of such negative regulation. We believe that a better understanding of SVE regulation, especially the inhibitory mechanisms, will shed light on neurotransmission in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Wang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Claire Xi Zhang
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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99964
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Samuel RJ, Reynolds NJ. Ustekinumab for severe atopic dermatitis: an important negative study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:339-341. [PMID: 28833005 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Samuel
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
- Newcastle Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, U.K
| | - N J Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
- Newcastle Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, U.K
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99965
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Structure of the C-terminal domain of TRADD reveals a novel fold in the death domain superfamily. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7073. [PMID: 28765645 PMCID: PMC5539145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) is an intracellular adaptor protein involved in various signaling pathways, such as antiapoptosis. Its C-terminal death domain (DD) is responsible for binding other DD-containing proteins including the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Here we present a solution structure of TRADD DD derived from high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The TRADD DD comprises two super-secondary structures, an all-helix Greek key motif and a β-hairpin motif flanked by two α helices, which make it unique among all known DD structures. The β-hairpin motif is essential for TRADD DD to fold into a functional globular domain. The highly-charged surface suggests a critical role of electrostatic interactions in TRADD DD-mediated signaling. This novel structure represents a new class within the DD superfamily and provides a structural basis for studying homotypic DD interactions. NMR titration revealed a direct weak interaction between TRADD DD and p75NTR DD monomers. A binding site next to the p75NTR DD homodimerization interface indicates that TRADD DD recruitment to p75NTR requires separation of the p75NTR DD homodimer, explaining the mechanism of NGF-dependent activation of p75NTR-TRADD-mediated antiapoptotic pathway in breast cancer cell.
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99966
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Wolters TLC, Netea MG, Hermus ARMM, Smit JWA, Netea-Maier RT. IGF1 potentiates the pro-inflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via MAPK. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:129-139. [PMID: 28611056 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acromegaly is characterized by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) excess and is accompanied by an increased cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. As innate immune responses are crucial in CVD development, and IGF1 is linked to subclinical inflammation, we hypothesized that GH/IGF1 excess contributes to CVD development by potentiating systemic inflammation. We aimed to assess the effects of GH/IGF1 on inflammatory cytokine production. Whole blood from acromegaly patients and healthy volunteers and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers were stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, with or without adding GH or IGF1 (in PBMC). Cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. The underlying signalling pathways were investigated by the inhibition of downstream targets of the IGF1 receptor. The following results were obtained. GH or IGF1 alone did not influence cytokine production in PBMCs. GH did not affect TLR-induced cytokine production, but co-stimulation with IGF1 dose dependently increased the TLR ligand-induced production of IL6 (P < 0.01), TNF alpha (P = 0.02) and IFNg (P < 0.01), as well as the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 (P = 0.01). IGF1 had no effect on IL1B, IL17 and IL22 production. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway, but not mTOR, completely abrogated the synergistic effect of IGF1 on the LPS-induced IL6 and TNF alpha production. In whole blood of acromegaly patients, ex vivo IL6 production was increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, IGF1, but not GH, has pro-inflammatory effects, probably via the MAPK signalling pathway and might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in acromegaly. The increased IL10 production possibly counteracts the pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihai Gheorghe Netea
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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99967
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Drennan S, D'Avola A, Gao Y, Weigel C, Chrysostomou E, Steele AJ, Zenz T, Plass C, Johnson PW, Williams AP, Packham G, Stevenson FK, Oakes CC, Forconi F. IL-10 production by CLL cells is enhanced in the anergic IGHV mutated subset and associates with reduced DNA methylation of the IL10 locus. Leukemia 2017; 31:1686-1694. [PMID: 27890932 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs) with unmutated (U-CLL) or mutated (M-CLL) IGHV have variable features of immunosuppression, possibly influenced by those CLL cells activated to produce interleukin 10 (IL-10). The two subsets differ in their levels of anergy, defined by low surface immunoglobulin M levels/signaling capacity, and in their DNA methylation profile, particularly variable in M-CLL. We have now found that levels of IL-10 produced by activated CLL cells were highly variable. Levels were higher in M-CLL than in U-CLL and correlated with anergy. DNA methylation analysis of IL10 locus revealed two previously uncharacterized 'variably methylated regions' (CLL-VMRs1/2) in the gene body, but similarly low methylation in the promoter of both U-CLL and M-CLL. CLL-VMR1/2 methylation was lower in M-CLL than in U-CLL and inversely correlated with IL-10 induction. A functional signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binding site in CLL-VMR2 was confirmed by proximity ligation and luciferase assays, whereas inhibition of SYK-mediated STAT3 activation resulted in suppression of IL10. The data suggest epigenetic control of IL-10 production. Higher tumor load may compensate the reduced IL-10 production in U-CLL, accounting for clinical immunosuppression in both subsets. The observation that SYK inhibition also suppresses IL-10 provides a potential new rationale for therapeutic targeting and immunological rescue by SYK inhibitors in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Drennan
- Haematology Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A D'Avola
- Haematology Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Y Gao
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub laboratory, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Weigel
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Chrysostomou
- Haematology Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A J Steele
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Zenz
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P W Johnson
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A P Williams
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub laboratory, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Packham
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - F K Stevenson
- Molecular Immunology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C C Oakes
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F Forconi
- Haematology Oncology Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Haematology Department, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Trust, Southampton, UK
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99968
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Takeyama H, Mizushima T, Uemura M, Haraguchi N, Nishimura J, Hata T, Matsuda C, Takemasa I, Ikenaga M, Murata K, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Mori M. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Experimental Murine Colitis via TSP-1-Dependent Activation of Latent TGF-β. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1963-1974. [PMID: 28434074 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been investigated as therapeutic tools for a variety of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of ASCs are not well understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in ASC therapy in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in mice using dextran sulfate sodium and ASCs administered intraperitoneally. Tregs and CD103+ dendritic cells were analyzed in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, and colonic lamina propria (CLP). Activation of latent TGF-β by ASCs was analyzed in vitro using ELISA. siRNA technology was used to create ASCs in which TSP-1 or integrinαv was knocked down in order to investigate the involvement of these proteins in the activation of latent TGF-β. In addition, TSP-1-knockdown ASCs were administered to mice with colitis to assess their clinical efficacy in vivo. RESULTS Systemic administration of ASCs significantly lessened the clinical and histopathological severity of colitis. ASCs were distributed throughout the lymphatic system in the MLNs and spleen. Tregs were increased in the MLNs and CLP, but CD103+ dendritic cells were not significantly altered. The ASCs activated latent TGF-β. TSP-1 knockdown impaired TGF-β activation in vitro and abrogated the therapeutic effects of the ASCs in vivo. Furthermore, Tregs were not increased in the MLNs and CLP from mice treated with TSP-1-knockdown ASCs. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that ASCs induce Tregs by activating latent TGF-β via TSP-1, independent of CD103+ dendritic cell induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takeyama
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chu Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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99969
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Dendritic Cell Algorithm Applied to Ping Scan Investigation Revisited: Detection Quality and Performance Analysis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/tetci.2017.2721449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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99970
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Holbrook JD, Huang RC, Barton SJ, Saffery R, Lillycrop KA. Is cellular heterogeneity merely a confounder to be removed from epigenome-wide association studies? Epigenomics 2017; 9:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitement about DNA methylation biomarkers has been tempered by a growing appreciation of the complex causal relations with cell fate. Intersample differences in DNA methylation can be partitioned into those that are independent of cellular heterogeneity and those that are caused by differential mixtures of cell types. Generally, the field has assumed that the former are more likely to be causative of disease. The latter has been considered a likely consequence of disease and a confounder to be removed. We argue that the conceptual separation of these signals is artificial and not necessarily informative about causation. DNA methylation is a very sensitive measure of cell fate mix and therefore reveals much about underlying disease etiology including aspects of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Holbrook
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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99971
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Malaer JD, Mathew PA. CS1 (SLAMF7, CD319) is an effective immunotherapeutic target for multiple myeloma. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1637-1641. [PMID: 28861320 PMCID: PMC5574936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CS1 (also known as CD319, CRACC and SLAMF7) was identified as an NK cell receptor regulating immune functions. It is also expressed on B cells, T cells, Dendritic cells, NK-T cells, and monocytes. CS1 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and makes it a target for immunotherapy. A humanized anti-CS1 antibody, Elotuzumab or Empliciti has shown promising results in clinical studies. This review focuses on the biology of CS1 in NK and other hematopoietic cells and multiple myeloma. Anti-CS1 mAb can activate natural cytotoxicity of NK cells as well as enhance ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) and thus makes an effective target for immunotherapy of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Malaer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Porunelloor A Mathew
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
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99972
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Salaga M, Mokrowiecka A, Jacenik D, Cygankiewicz AI, Malecka-Panas E, Kordek R, Krajewska WM, Sobocinska MK, Kamysz E, Fichna J. Systemic Administration of Sialorphin Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice via Interaction With Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptors. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:988-998. [PMID: 28333341 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pharmacological treatment and/or maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is currently one of the biggest challenges in the field of gastroenterology. Here we aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of sialorphin, the natural blocker of the endogenous opioid peptide-degrading enzymes neprilysin [NEP] and aminopeptidase N [APN], in mouse models of IBD and the changes in the expression of these enzymes in IBD patients. METHODS We used two models of experimental colitis in mice [2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]- and dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced]. Macroscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity were recorded. Additionally, we measured the expression of NEP and APN in the colon of IBD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We showed that sialorphin attenuated acute, semichronic, and relapsing TNBS-induced colitis in mice after systemic administration, and its anti-inflammatory action is associated with mu and kappa opioid receptors. CONCLUSIONS We show that indirect stimulation of opioid receptors by the blockade of NEP and APN is a promising pharmacological strategy for the treatment of IBD, and may become of greater importance than the use of classical opioid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salaga
- Department Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A I Cygankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - E Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,Lodz, Poland
| | - W M Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M K Sobocinska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - E Kamysz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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99973
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Interferon regulatory factors: A key to tumour immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99974
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Shi X, Li X, Hou Y, Cao X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang H, Peng C, Li J, Li Q, Wu C, Xiao X. Paternal hyperglycemia in rats exacerbates the development of obesity in offspring. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:175-186. [PMID: 28533422 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parental history with obesity or diabetes will increase the risk for developing metabolic diseases in offspring. However, literatures as to transgenerational inheritance of metabolic dysfunctions through male lineage are relatively scarce. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate influences of paternal hyperglycemia on metabolic phenotypes in offspring. Male SD rats were i.p. injected with streptozotocin (STZ) or citrate buffer (CB, as control). STZ-injected rats with glucose levels higher than 16.7 mM were selected to breed with normal female rats. Offspring from STZ or CB treated fathers (STZ-O and CB-O) were maintained in the identical condition. We monitored body weight and food intake, and tests of glucose and insulin tolerance (GTTs and ITTs), fasting-refeeding and cold exposure were performed. Expression of factors involved in hypothalamic feeding and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity was performed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Adult STZ-O were heavier than CB-O. Impairment of GTTs was observed in STZ-O compared with CB-O at 22 and 32 weeks of age; ITTs results showed decreased insulin sensitivity in STZ-O. Daily food intake and accumulated food intake during 12-h refeeding after fasting were significantly higher in STZ-O. UCP1 levels were downregulated in BAT from STZ-O at room temperature and cold exposure. Finally, STZ-O rats showed suppressed leptin signaling in the hypothalamus as evidenced by upregulated SOCS3, reduced phosphorylation of STAT3, impaired processing POMC and decreased α-MSH production. Our study revealed that paternal hyperglycemia predisposes offspring to developing obesity, which is possibly associated with impaired hypothalamic leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Shi
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Cao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyin Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose MetabolismThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal MedicineChongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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99975
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Pham OH, O’Donnell H, Al-Shamkhani A, Kerrinnes T, Tsolis RM, McSorley SJ. T cell expression of IL-18R and DR3 is essential for non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and optimal clearance of intracellular bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006566. [PMID: 28817719 PMCID: PMC5574617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Th1 cells can be activated by TCR-independent stimuli, but the importance of this pathway in vivo and the precise mechanisms involved require further investigation. Here, we used a simple model of non-cognate Th1 cell stimulation in Salmonella-infected mice to examine these issues. CD4 Th1 cell expression of both IL-18R and DR3 was required for optimal IFN-γ induction in response to non-cognate stimulation, while IL-15R expression was dispensable. Interestingly, effector Th1 cells generated by immunization rather than live infection had lower non-cognate activity despite comparable IL-18R and DR3 expression. Mice lacking T cell intrinsic expression of MyD88, an important adapter molecule in non-cognate T cell stimulation, exhibited higher bacterial burdens upon infection with Salmonella, Chlamydia or Brucella, suggesting that non-cognate Th1 stimulation is a critical element of efficient bacterial clearance. Thus, IL-18R and DR3 are critical players in non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and this response plays an important role in protection against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh H. Pham
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hope O’Donnell
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Kerrinnes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Renée M. Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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99976
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Jiang S, Xiao J, Li J, Chen H, Wang C, Feng C, Feng H. Characterization of the black carp TRAF6 signaling molecule in innate immune defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:147-158. [PMID: 28602679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a vital role in the innate immune response of higher vertebrates. To elucidate its function in teleost fish, TRAF6 homologue of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized in this study. Black carp TRAF6 (bcTRAF6) transcription in Mylopharyngodon piceus fin (MPF) cells was up-regulated in response to both poly (I:C) treatment and viral infection, but was suppressed by LPS stimulation. bcTRAF6 migrated around 72 KDa in immunoblot analysis and was identified as a cytosolic protein suggested to be associated with vesicles scattering in the cytoplasm. Reporter assay demonstrated that NF-κB instead of IFN was activated by bcTRAF6; and EPC cells expressing bcTRAF6 presented the same cytopathic effect (CPE) ratio to that of control cells. When co-expressed with bcMAVS, bcTRAF6 was redistributed and overlapped with the subcellular location of bcMAVS. It was interesting that bcMAVS mediated the IFN induction was up-regulated by low input of bcTRAF6 but down-regulated by high input of bcTRAF6. Taken together, the data generated in this paper supported the conclusion that bcTRAF6 associated with bcMAVS and was recruited into bcMAVS mediated signaling during host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jiang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chaoliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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99977
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Nirschl CJ, Suárez-Fariñas M, Izar B, Prakadan S, Dannenfelser R, Tirosh I, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Devi KSP, Carroll SL, Chau D, Rezaee M, Kim TG, Huang R, Fuentes-Duculan J, Song-Zhao GX, Gulati N, Lowes MA, King SL, Quintana FJ, Lee YS, Krueger JG, Sarin KY, Yoon CH, Garraway L, Regev A, Shalek AK, Troyanskaya O, Anandasabapathy N. IFNγ-Dependent Tissue-Immune Homeostasis Is Co-opted in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cell 2017; 170:127-141.e15. [PMID: 28666115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic programs balance immune protection and self-tolerance. Such mechanisms likely impact autoimmunity and tumor formation, respectively. How homeostasis is maintained and impacts tumor surveillance is unknown. Here, we find that different immune mononuclear phagocytes share a conserved steady-state program during differentiation and entry into healthy tissue. IFNγ is necessary and sufficient to induce this program, revealing a key instructive role. Remarkably, homeostatic and IFNγ-dependent programs enrich across primary human tumors, including melanoma, and stratify survival. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reveals enrichment of homeostatic modules in monocytes and DCs from human metastatic melanoma. Suppressor-of-cytokine-2 (SOCS2) protein, a conserved program transcript, is expressed by mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating primary melanoma and is induced by IFNγ. SOCS2 limits adaptive anti-tumoral immunity and DC-based priming of T cells in vivo, indicating a critical regulatory role. These findings link immune homeostasis to key determinants of anti-tumoral immunity and escape, revealing co-opting of tissue-specific immune development in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Nirschl
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029 USA; Population Health Science and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sanjay Prakadan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ruth Dannenfelser
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - K Sanjana P Devi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaina L Carroll
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Chau
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029 USA
| | | | - George X Song-Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle A Lowes
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra L King
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02458, USA
| | - Young-Suk Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Biology and Koch Institute, MIT, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Immunology and Melanoma, Harvard Cancer Center, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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99978
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Owen DR, Narayan N, Wells L, Healy L, Smyth E, Rabiner EA, Galloway D, Williams JB, Lehr J, Mandhair H, Peferoen LA, Taylor PC, Amor S, Antel JP, Matthews PM, Moore CS. Pro-inflammatory activation of primary microglia and macrophages increases 18 kDa translocator protein expression in rodents but not humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2679-2690. [PMID: 28530125 PMCID: PMC5536262 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17710182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The 18kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is the most commonly used tissue-specific marker of inflammation in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. It is expressed in myeloid cells such as microglia and macrophages, and in rodent myeloid cells expression increases with cellular activation. We assessed the effect of myeloid cell activation on TSPO gene expression in both primary human and rodent microglia and macrophages in vitro, and also measured TSPO radioligand binding with 3H-PBR28 in primary human macrophages. As observed previously, we found that TSPO expression increases (∼9-fold) in rodent-derived macrophages and microglia upon pro-inflammatory stimulation. However, TSPO expression does not increase with classical pro-inflammatory activation in primary human microglia (fold change 0.85 [95% CI 0.58-1.12], p = 0.47). In contrast, pro-inflammatory activation of human monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with a reduction of both TSPO gene expression (fold change 0.60 [95% CI 0.45-0.74], p = 0.02) and TSPO binding site abundance (fold change 0.61 [95% CI 0.49-0.73], p < 0.0001). These findings have important implications for understanding the biology of TSPO in activated macrophages and microglia in humans. They are also clinically relevant for the interpretation of PET studies using TSPO targeting radioligands, as they suggest changes in TSPO expression may reflect microglial and macrophage density rather than activation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Owen
- 1 Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nehal Narayan
- 2 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Wells
- 3 Imanova Centre for Imaging Science, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Luke Healy
- 4 Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erica Smyth
- 3 Imanova Centre for Imaging Science, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- 3 Imanova Centre for Imaging Science, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,5 Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Dylan Galloway
- 6 Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
| | - John B Williams
- 6 Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
| | - Joshua Lehr
- 6 Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
| | - Harpreet Mandhair
- 2 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura An Peferoen
- 7 Pathology Department, VU Medical Centre, VU University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Taylor
- 2 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Amor
- 7 Pathology Department, VU Medical Centre, VU University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,8 Neuroimmunology Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Jack P Antel
- 4 Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul M Matthews
- 1 Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,9 UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig S Moore
- 6 Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
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99979
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Huang L, Zhang Y, Xu C, Gu X, Niu L, Wang J, Sun X, Bai X, Xuan X, Li Q, Shi C, Yu B, Miller H, Yang G, Westerberg LS, Liu W, Song W, Zhao X, Liu C. Rictor positively regulates B cell receptor signaling by modulating actin reorganization via ezrin. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001750. [PMID: 28821013 PMCID: PMC5562439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the central hub of the metabolism machinery, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) has been well studied in lymphocytes. As an obligatory component of mTORC2, the role of Rictor in T cells is well established. However, the role of Rictor in B cells still remains elusive. Rictor is involved in B cell development, especially the peripheral development. However, the role of Rictor on B cell receptor (BCR) signaling as well as the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism is still unknown. This study used B cell-specfic Rictor knockout (KO) mice to investigate how Rictor regulates BCR signaling. We found that the key positive and negative BCR signaling molecules, phosphorylated Brutons tyrosine kinase (pBtk) and phosphorylated SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (pSHIP), are reduced and enhanced, respectively, in Rictor KO B cells. This suggests that Rictor positively regulates the early events of BCR signaling. We found that the cellular filamentous actin (F-actin) is drastically increased in Rictor KO B cells after BCR stimulation through dysregulating the dephosphorylation of ezrin. The high actin-ezrin intensity area restricts the lateral movement of BCRs upon stimulation, consequently reducing BCR clustering and BCR signaling. The reduction in the initiation of BCR signaling caused by actin alteration is associated with a decreased humoral immune response in Rictor KO mice. The inhibition of actin polymerization with latrunculin in Rictor KO B cells rescues the defects of BCR signaling and B cell differentiation. Overall, our study provides a new pathway linking cell metablism to BCR activation, in which Rictor regulates BCR signaling via actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenguang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Niu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingtian Xuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qubei Li
- Children’s Hospital Respiratory Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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99980
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Kim HS, Asmis R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in macrophage biology and cardiovascular disease. A redox-regulated master controller of monocyte function and macrophage phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:75-83. [PMID: 28330703 PMCID: PMC5462841 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MAPK pathways play a critical role in the activation of monocytes and macrophages by pathogens, signaling molecules and environmental cues and in the regulation of macrophage function and plasticity. MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) has emerged as the main counter-regulator of MAPK signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Loss of MKP-1 in monocytes and macrophages in response to metabolic stress leads to dysregulation of monocyte adhesion and migration, and gives rise to dysfunctional, proatherogenic monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we review the properties of this redox-regulated dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase and the role of MKP-1 in monocyte and macrophage biology and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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99981
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Liu Z, Gan L, Xu Y, Luo D, Ren Q, Wu S, Sun C. Melatonin alleviates inflammasome-induced pyroptosis through inhibiting NF-κB/GSDMD signal in mice adipose tissue. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28398673 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of cell death that is associated with pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Melatonin is substantially reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammasome activation. However, the effects of melatonin on inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in adipocytes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that melatonin alleviated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome formation in mice adipose tissue. The NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis was also inhibited by melatonin in adipocytes. Further analysis revealed that gasdermin D (GSDMD), the key executioner of pyroptosis, was the target for melatonin inhibition of adipocyte pyroptosis. Importantly, we determined that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal was required for the GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in adipocytes. We also confirmed that melatonin alleviated adipocyte pyroptosis by transcriptional suppression of GSDMD. Moreover, GSDMD physically interacted with interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and subsequently formed a complex to promote adipocyte pyroptosis. Melatonin also attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, which was induced by LPS or obesity. In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin alleviates inflammasome-induced pyroptosis by blocking NF-κB/GSDMD signal in mice adipose tissue. Our data reveal a novel function of melatonin on adipocyte pyroptosis, suggesting a new potential therapy for melatonin to prevent and treat obesity caused systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yatao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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99982
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Kinder JM, Stelzer IA, Arck PC, Way SS. Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:483-494. [PMID: 28480895 PMCID: PMC5532073 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological identity is traditionally defined by genetically encoded antigens, with equal maternal and paternal contributions as a result of Mendelian inheritance. However, vertically transferred maternal cells also persist in individuals at very low levels throughout postnatal development. Reciprocally, mothers are seeded during pregnancy with genetically foreign fetal cells that persist long after parturition. Recent findings suggest that these microchimeric cells expressing non-inherited, familially relevant antigenic traits are not accidental 'souvenirs' of pregnancy, but are purposefully retained within mothers and their offspring to promote genetic fitness by improving the outcome of future pregnancies. In this Review, we discuss the immunological implications, benefits and potential consequences of individuals being constitutively chimeric with a biologically active 'microchiome' of genetically foreign cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Kinder
- Division of Infectious Disease and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Disease and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
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99983
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Hayatsu N, Miyao T, Tachibana M, Murakami R, Kimura A, Kato T, Kawakami E, Endo TA, Setoguchi R, Watarai H, Nishikawa T, Yasuda T, Yoshida H, Hori S. Analyses of a Mutant Foxp3 Allele Reveal BATF as a Critical Transcription Factor in the Differentiation and Accumulation of Tissue Regulatory T Cells. Immunity 2017; 47:268-283.e9. [PMID: 28778586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3 controls the development and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, but it remains elusive how Foxp3 functions in vivo. Here, we established mouse models harboring three unique missense Foxp3 mutations that were identified in patients with the autoimmune disease IPEX. The I363V and R397W mutations were loss-of-function mutations, causing multi-organ inflammation by globally compromising Treg cell physiology. By contrast, the A384T mutation induced a distinctive tissue-restricted inflammation by specifically impairing the ability of Treg cells to compete with pathogenic T cells in certain non-lymphoid tissues. Mechanistically, repressed BATF expression contributed to these A384T effects. At the molecular level, the A384T mutation altered Foxp3 interactions with its specific target genes including Batf by broadening its DNA-binding specificity. Our findings identify BATF as a critical regulator of tissue Treg cells and suggest that sequence-specific perturbations of Foxp3-DNA interactions can influence specific facets of Treg cell physiology and the immunopathologies they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Hayatsu
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyao
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Murakami
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Disease Biology Group, RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ruka Setoguchi
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takuwa Yasuda
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Yoshida
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shohei Hori
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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99984
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Gupta PK, Wagner SR, Wu Q, Shilling RA. IL-17A Blockade Attenuates Obliterative Bronchiolitis and IFN-γ Cellular Immune Response in Lung Allografts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:708-715. [PMID: 28118023 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0154oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), characterized by fibrous obliteration of the small airways, is a major impediment to long-term survival in lung allograft recipients. We found previously that IL-17A is produced primarily by CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells after lung transplant in a mouse model of orthotopic lung transplant. The absence of either subset of T cells was compensated for by expansion of the other subset, which suggested that systemic blockade of IL-17A was necessary. To determine the specific role of IL-17A in the development of OB, we treated lung allograft recipients with an IL-17A antagonistic antibody. After IL-17A blockade, the incidence of OB was significantly reduced in lung allografts. IL-17A blockade also significantly attenuated the severity of acute rejection and overall lung fibrosis. The decreased OB incidence was associated with reduced lymphocyte recruitment, particularly CD8+ T cells and other IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes, to the lung allograft. Interestingly, IL-17A blockade led to an increase in the frequency of IL-17A-producing T-helper cell type 17 cells and γδ T cells in lung allografts, suggesting that IL-17A is a negative regulator of these T cells. Our data suggest that blocking IL-17A after lung transplant reduces the overall IFN-γ-mediated lymphocyte response and decreases the development of OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Gupta
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sarah R Wagner
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Qiang Wu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rebecca A Shilling
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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99985
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Koch S, Schulz TF. Rhadinoviral interferon regulatory factor homologues. Biol Chem 2017; 398:857-870. [PMID: 28455950 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. The KSHV genome contains genes for a unique group of proteins with homology to cellular interferon regulatory factors, termed viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs). This review will give an overview over the oncogenic, antiapoptotic and immunomodulatory characteristics of KSHV and related vIRFs.
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99986
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Schoppmeyer R, Zhao R, Cheng H, Hamed M, Liu C, Zhou X, Schwarz EC, Zhou Y, Knörck A, Schwär G, Ji S, Liu L, Long J, Helms V, Hoth M, Yu X, Qu B. Human profilin 1 is a negative regulator of CTL mediated cell-killing and migration. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1562-1572. [PMID: 28688208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The actin-binding protein profilin1 (PFN1) plays a central role in actin dynamics, which is essential for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions. The functional role of PFN1 in CTLs, however still remains elusive. Here, we identify PFN1 as the only member of the profilin family expressed in primary human CD8+ T cells. Using in vitro assays, we find that PFN1 is a negative regulator of CTL-mediated elimination of target cells. Furthermore, PFN1 is involved in activation-induced lytic granule (LG) release, CTL migration and modulation of actin structures at the immunological synapse (IS). During CTL migration, PFN1 modulates the velocity, protrusion formation patterns and protrusion sustainability. In contrast, PFN1 does not significantly affect migration persistence and the rates of protrusion emergence and retraction. Under in vitro conditions mimicking a tumor microenvironment, we show that PFN1 downregulation promotes CTL invasion into a 3D matrix, without affecting the viability of CTLs in a hydrogen peroxide-enriched microenvironment. Highlighting its potential relevance in cancer, we find that in pancreatic cancer patients, PFN1 expression is substantially decreased in peripheral CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we conclude that PFN1 is a negative regulator for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity and may have an impact on CTL functionality in a tumor-related context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Schoppmeyer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schwär
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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99987
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Masuelli L, Granato M, Benvenuto M, Mattera R, Bernardini R, Mattei M, d'Amati G, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Bei R, Cirone M. Chloroquine supplementation increases the cytotoxic effect of curcumin against Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in nude mice while counteracts it in immune competent mice. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356151. [PMID: 29147611 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is usually a pro-survival mechanism in cancer cells, especially in the course of chemotherapy, thus autophagy inhibition may enhance the chemotherapy-mediated anti-cancer effect. However, since autophagy is strongly involved in the immunogenicity of cell death by promoting ATP release, its inhibition may reduce the immune response against tumors, negatively influencing the overall outcome of chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effect of curcumin (CUR) against Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells (TUBO) in the presence or in the absence of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). We found that TUBO cell death induced by CUR was increased in vitro by CQ and slightly in vivo in nude mice. Conversely, CQ counteracted the Cur cytotoxic effect in immune competent mice, as demonstrated by the lack of in vivo tumor regression and the reduction of overall mice survival as compared with CUR-treated mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the presence of a remarkable FoxP3 T cell infiltrate within the tumors in CUR/CQ treated mice and a reduction of T cytotoxic cells, as compared with single CUR treatment. These findings suggest that autophagy is important to elicit anti-tumor immune response and that autophagy inhibition by CQ reduces such response also by recruiting T regulatory (Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment that may be pro-tumorigenic and might counteract CUR-mediated anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mattera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bernardini
- STA, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mattei
- STA, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - A Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Traslational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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99988
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Breser ML, Salazar FC, Rivero VE, Motrich RD. Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Pelvic Pain and Prostate Inflammation in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:898. [PMID: 28824626 PMCID: PMC5535188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most common urologic morbidity in men younger than 50 years and is characterized by a diverse range of pain and inflammatory symptoms, both in type and severity, that involve the region of the pelvis, perineum, scrotum, rectum, testes, penis, and lower back. In most patients, pain is accompanied by inflammation in the absence of an invading infectious agent. Since CP/CPPS etiology is still not well established, available therapeutic options for patients are far from satisfactory for either physicians or patients. During the past two decades, chronic inflammation has been deeply explored as the cause of CP/CPPS. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge regarding immunological mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in CP/CPPS. Cumulative evidence obtained from both human disease and animal models indicate that several factors may trigger chronic inflammation in the form of autoimmunity against prostate, fostering chronic prostate recruitment of Th1 cells, and different other leukocytes, including mast cells, which might be the main actors in the consequent development of chronic pelvic pain. Thus, the local inflammatory milieu and the secretion of inflammatory mediators may induce neural sensitization leading to chronic pelvic pain development. Although scientific advances are encouraging, additional studies are urgently needed to establish the relationship between prostatitis development, mast cell recruitment to the prostate, and the precise mechanisms by which they would induce pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia C Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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99989
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99990
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Nadya NA, Tezuka H, Ohteki T, Matsuda S, Azuma M, Nagai S. PI3K-Akt pathway enhances the differentiation of interleukin-27-induced type 1 regulatory T cells. Immunology 2017; 152:507-516. [PMID: 28685820 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) has been identified as a potent cytokine in the differentiation of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells through interactions with several key elements, including transcription factors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-21. Autocrine production of IL-21 is known to be important for maintaining IL-10 expression by Tr1 cells. Although previous studies have shown that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) -Akt axis contributes to the differentiation of helper T-cell subsets, the role of the PI3K pathway on Tr1 cell differentiation remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that suppression of the PI3K-Akt pathway results in impairment of IL-27-induced Tr1 (IL-27-Tr1) cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this suppression down-regulates IL-21 receptor expression by Tr1 cells, followed by suppression of IL-10 expression by IL-27-Tr1 cells. These results suggest that the PI3K pathway enhances IL-10 expression by IL-27-Tr1 cells through up-regulation of IL-21 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niken Adiba Nadya
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biodefence, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefence, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuda
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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99991
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Machelart A, Van Vyve M, Potemberg G, Demars A, De Trez C, Tima HG, Vanwalleghem G, Romano M, Truyens C, Letesson JJ, Muraille E. Trypanosoma Infection Favors Brucella Elimination via IL-12/IFNγ-Dependent Pathways. Front Immunol 2017; 8:903. [PMID: 28824630 PMCID: PMC5534484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study develops an original co-infection model in mice using Brucella melitensis, the most frequent cause of human brucellosis, and Trypanosoma brucei, the agent of African trypanosomiasis. Although the immunosuppressive effects of T. brucei in natural hosts and mice models are well established, we observed that the injection of T. brucei in mice chronically infected with B. melitensis induces a drastic reduction in the number of B. melitensis in the spleen, the main reservoir of the infection. Similar results are obtained with Brucella abortus- and Brucella suis-infected mice and B. melitensis-infected mice co-infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, demonstrating that this phenomenon is not due to antigenic cross-reactivity. Comparison of co-infected wild-type and genetically deficient mice showed that Brucella elimination required functional IL-12p35/IFNγ signaling pathways and the presence of CD4+ T cells. However, the impact of wild type and an attenuated mutant of T. brucei on B. melitensis were similar, suggesting that a chronic intense inflammatory reaction is not required to eliminate B. melitensis. Finally, we also tested the impact of T. brucei infection on the course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Although T. brucei strongly increases the frequency of IFNγ+CD4+ T cells, it does not ameliorate the control of M. tuberculosis infection, suggesting that it is not controlled by the same effector mechanisms as Brucella. Thus, whereas T. brucei infections are commonly viewed as immunosuppressive and pathogenic, our data suggest that these parasites can specifically affect the immune control of Brucella infection, with benefits for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Machelart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Margaux Van Vyve
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Georges Potemberg
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carl De Trez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hermann Giresse Tima
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute for Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vanwalleghem
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marta Romano
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute for Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Truyens
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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99992
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Rapamycin inhibits spermatogenesis by changing the autophagy status through suppressing mechanistic target of rapamycin-p70S6 kinase in male rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4029-4037. [PMID: 28765938 PMCID: PMC5646984 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is an antiproliferative drug that has been widely used in the clinic as an immunosuppressant and a potential anticancer agent. Certain reports have indicated that rapamycin may induce male infertility through impairing sperm quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of male infertility caused by rapamycin and examined whether withdrawal of rapamycin could recover the number of sperm in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=100) were divided randomly into 5 groups: 3 rapamycin-treated groups (2, 4 and 6 mg/kg) and 2 control groups [Blank and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]. Organ coefficients of the testes, number of sperm and hematoxylin-eosin staining analyses demonstrated that rapamycin treatment markedly damaged the structure of the seminiferous tubule and reduced the number of sperm. Immunohistochemistry of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Ki67 in testes tissue, and western blotting of phosphorylated-p70S6K and p70S6K, supported the hypothesis that rapamycin causes sperm reduction through inhibiting proliferation of spermatogonia. Unfortunately, 24 weeks after cessation of rapamycin treatment, only the number of sperm in 2 mg/kg group was restored back to the normal level. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that low doses rapamycin leads to activation of autophagy in rat testes. This may be a self-protective mechanism of the cell in response to external stress. Thus, spermatogenesis can be recovered in the testes from rats in the low dose group. High doses of rapamycin resulted in excessive consumption of autophagy proteins, and the damage could not be compensated. In addition, it was revealed that cell apoptosis increased after treatment with rapamycin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that rapamycin inhibits spermatogenesis through suppressing phosphorylation of p70S6K and changing the autophagy status, ultimately reducing the number of sperm. These findings provide important guidance for the clinical application of rapamycin.
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99993
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Vollack N, Friese J, Bergmann S, Cragg MS, Tiede A, Werwitzke S. Anti-FcγRIIB (CD32) Antibodies Differentially Modulate Murine FVIII-Specific Recall Response in vitro. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:91-99. [PMID: 28561280 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) for IgG regulate adaptive immune responses by modulating activating and inhibitory signalling pathways within immune cells. Data from a haemophilia A mouse model demonstrate that genetic deletion or blockade of the inhibitory FcγR (CD32) suppresses the formation of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. Mechanisms preventing the FVIII-specific recall response, however, remain unclear. Here, the potential role of CD32 inhibition was studied by differentially modulating receptor activity with selected anti-CD32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from immunized FVIII-/- mice were restimulated with FVIII in the absence or presence of different anti-CD32 mAbs over 6 days. At day 6, cytokine release was quantified from cell culture supernatant and the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs assessed. Binding of FVIII-containing immune complexes (F8-ICs) to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMdDCs) was also investigated. The antagonistic CD32 mAb AT128 suppressed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs and reduced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10. In contrast, the agonistic mAbs AT130-2 and AT130-5, and their F(ab')2 fragments, allowed the formation of FVIII-specific ASCs, even though the full IgG of AT130-2 reduced binding of F8-ICs to CD32. Data suggest that an inhibitory signal is transmitted when F8-ICs bind to CD32 and that this signal is required during memory B cell (MBC) activation to support formation of FVIII-specific ASCs. If the inhibitory signal is lacking due to CD32 deletion or blockade with antagonistic anti-CD32 mAbs, FVIII-specific T cell stimulation and ASC formation are suppressed, whereas agonistic stimulation of CD32 restores T cell stimulation and ASC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vollack
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Friese
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Bergmann
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Tiede
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Werwitzke
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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99994
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Brown BM, Shim H, Zhang M, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Wulff H. Structural Determinants for the Selectivity of the Positive KCa3.1 Gating Modulator 5-Methylnaphtho[2,1- d]oxazol-2-amine (SKA-121). Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:469-480. [PMID: 28760780 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate-conductance (KCa3.1) and small-conductance (KCa2) calcium-activated K+ channels are gated by calcium binding to calmodulin (CaM) molecules associated with the calmodulin-binding domain (CaM-BD) of these channels. The existing KCa activators, such as naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime (NS309), and 1-ethylbenzimidazolin-2-one (EBIO), activate both channel types with similar potencies. In a previous chemistry effort, we optimized the benzothiazole pharmacophore of SKA-31 toward KCa3.1 selectivity and identified 5-methylnaphtho[2,1-d]oxazol-2-amine (SKA-121), which exhibits 40-fold selectivity for KCa3.1 over KCa2.3. To understand why introduction of a single CH3 group in five-position of the benzothiazole/oxazole system could achieve such a gain in selectivity for KCa3.1 over KCa2.3, we first localized the binding site of the benzothiazoles/oxazoles to the CaM-BD/CaM interface and then used computational modeling software to generate models of the KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 CaM-BD/CaM complexes with SKA-121. Based on a combination of mutagenesis and structural modeling, we suggest that all benzothiazole/oxazole-type KCa activators bind relatively "deep" in the CaM-BD/CaM interface and hydrogen bond with E54 on CaM. In KCa3.1, SKA-121 forms an additional hydrogen bond network with R362. In contrast, NS309 sits more "forward" and directly hydrogen bonds with R362 in KCa3.1. Mutating R362 to serine, the corresponding residue in KCa2.3 reduces the potency of SKA-121 by 7-fold, suggesting that R362 is responsible for the generally greater potency of KCa activators on KCa3.1. The increase in SKA-121's KCa3.1 selectivity compared with its parent, SKA-31, seems to be due to better overall shape complementarity and hydrophobic interactions with S372 and M368 on KCa3.1 and M72 on CaM at the KCa3.1-CaM-BD/CaM interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (B.M.B., H.S., H.W.), Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V.Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry (H.S.), University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (M.Z.)
| | - Heesung Shim
- Department of Pharmacology (B.M.B., H.S., H.W.), Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V.Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry (H.S.), University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (M.Z.)
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (B.M.B., H.S., H.W.), Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V.Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry (H.S.), University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (M.Z.)
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Pharmacology (B.M.B., H.S., H.W.), Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V.Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry (H.S.), University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (M.Z.)
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology (B.M.B., H.S., H.W.), Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (V.Y.-Y.), School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry (H.S.), University of California, Davis, California; and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (M.Z.)
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99995
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Ruck T, Bittner S, Meuth SG, Herty M. Insights from mathematical modelling for T cell migration into the central nervous system. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2017; 34:39-58. [PMID: 26519370 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The migration of immune cells from peripheral immune organs into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tightly regulated process. The complex interplay between cells of the BBB and immune cells coordinates cell migration as a part of normal immune surveillance while its dysregulation is critically involved in the pathogenesis of various CNS diseases. To develop tools for a deeper understanding of distribution and migratory pattern of immune cells regulated by the BBB, we made use of a mathematical modelling approach derived from Markov chain theory. We present a data-driven model using a derivation of kinetic differential equations from a particle game. According to the theory of gases, these equations allow one to predict the mean behaviour of a large class of cells by modelling cell-cell interactions. We used this model to assess the distribution of naive, central memory and effector memory T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Our model allows us to evaluate the impact of activation status, migratory capacity and cell death for cell distribution in the peripheral blood and the CNS.
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99996
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Abraham RS, Mitchell DA. Gene-modified dendritic cell vaccines for cancer. Cytotherapy 2017; 18:1446-1455. [PMID: 27745604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are an immunotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment that use the antigen-presentation machinery of DCs to activate an endogenous anti-tumor response. In this treatment strategy, DCs are cultured ex vivo, exposed to tumor antigens and administered to the patient. The ex vivo culturing provides a unique and powerful opportunity to modify and enhance the DCs. As such, a variety of genetic engineering approaches have been employed to optimize DC vaccines, including the introduction of messenger RNA and small interfering RNA, viral gene transduction, and even fusion with whole tumor cells. In general, these modifications aim to improve targeting, enhance immunogenicity, and reduce susceptibility to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It has been demonstrated that several of these modifications can be employed in tandem, allowing for fine-tuning and optimization of the DC vaccine across multiple metrics. Thus, the application of genetic engineering techniques to the dendritic cell vaccine platform has the potential to greatly enhance its efficacy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Abraham
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605.
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99997
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Dieckmann NMG, Frazer GL, Asano Y, Stinchcombe JC, Griffiths GM. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:2881-6. [PMID: 27505426 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse provides an important structure for communication with immune cells. Studies on immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) highlight the dynamic changes and specialised mechanisms required to facilitate focal signalling and polarised secretion in immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we illustrate the different steps that reveal the specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse and allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele M G Dieckmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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99998
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Intosalmi J, Nousiainen K, Ahlfors H, Lähdesmäki H. Data-driven mechanistic analysis method to reveal dynamically evolving regulatory networks. Bioinformatics 2017; 32:i288-i296. [PMID: 27307629 PMCID: PMC4908358 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Mechanistic models based on ordinary differential equations provide powerful and accurate means to describe the dynamics of molecular machinery which orchestrates gene regulation. When combined with appropriate statistical techniques, mechanistic models can be calibrated using experimental data and, in many cases, also the model structure can be inferred from time–course measurements. However, existing mechanistic models are limited in the sense that they rely on the assumption of static network structure and cannot be applied when transient phenomena affect, or rewire, the network structure. In the context of gene regulatory network inference, network rewiring results from the net impact of possible unobserved transient phenomena such as changes in signaling pathway activities or epigenome, which are generally difficult, but important, to account for. Results: We introduce a novel method that can be used to infer dynamically evolving regulatory networks from time–course data. Our method is based on the notion that all mechanistic ordinary differential equation models can be coupled with a latent process that approximates the network structure rewiring process. We illustrate the performance of the method using simulated data and, further, we apply the method to study the regulatory interactions during T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation using time–course RNA sequencing data. The computational experiments with the real data show that our method is capable of capturing the experimentally verified rewiring effects of the core Th17 regulatory network. We predict Th17 lineage specific subnetworks that are activated sequentially and control the differentiation process in an overlapping manner. Availability and Implementation: An implementation of the method is available at http://research.ics.aalto.fi/csb/software/lem/. Contacts:jukka.intosalmi@aalto.fi or harri.lahdesmaki@aalto.fi
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Intosalmi
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Kari Nousiainen
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Helena Ahlfors
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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99999
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Nebenzahl-Guimaraes H, van Laarhoven A, Farhat MR, Koeken VACM, Mandemakers JJ, Zomer A, van Hijum SAFT, Netea MG, Murray M, van Crevel R, van Soolingen D. Transmissible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Share Genetic Markers and Immune Phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1519-1527. [PMID: 27997216 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201605-1042oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Successful transmission of tuberculosis depends on the interplay of human behavior, host immune responses, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors. Previous studies have been focused on identifying host risk factors associated with increased transmission, but the contribution of specific genetic variations in mycobacterial strains themselves are still unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify mycobacterial genetic markers associated with increased transmissibility and to examine whether these markers lead to altered in vitro immune responses. METHODS Using a comprehensive tuberculosis registry (n = 10,389) and strain collection in the Netherlands, we identified a set of 100 M. tuberculosis strains either least or most likely to be transmitted after controlling for host factors. We subjected these strains to whole-genome sequencing and evolutionary convergence analysis, and we repeated this analysis in an independent validation cohort. We then performed immunological experiments to measure in vitro cytokine production and neutrophil responses to a subset of the original strains with or without the identified mutations associated with increased transmissibility. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified the loci espE, PE-PGRS56, Rv0197, Rv2813-2814c, and Rv2815-2816c as targets of convergent evolution among transmissible strains. We validated four of these regions in an independent set of strains, and we demonstrated that mutations in these targets affected in vitro monocyte and T-cell cytokine production, neutrophil reactive oxygen species release, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified genetic markers in convergent evolution of M. tuberculosis toward enhanced transmissibility in vivo that are associated with altered immune responses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nebenzahl-Guimaraes
- 1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,2 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,3 ICVS/3B's Research Group, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Arjan van Laarhoven
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases
| | - Maha R Farhat
- 5 Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Aldert Zomer
- 7 Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and.,8 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha A F T van Hijum
- 7 Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and
| | - Mihai G Netea
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases
| | - Megan Murray
- 9 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,10 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- 1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,11 Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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100000
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Montico B, Lapenta C, Ravo M, Martorelli D, Muraro E, Zeng B, Comaro E, Spada M, Donati S, Santini SM, Tarallo R, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Weisz A, Belardelli F, Dolcetti R, Dal Col J. Exploiting a new strategy to induce immunogenic cell death to improve dendritic cell-based vaccines for lymphoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356964. [PMID: 29147614 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although promising, the clinical benefit provided by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is still limited and the choice of the optimal antigen formulation is still an unresolved issue. We have developed a new DC-based vaccination protocol for aggressive and/or refractory lymphomas which combines the unique features of interferon-conditioned DC (IFN-DC) with highly immunogenic tumor cell lysates (TCL) obtained from lymphoma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death. We show that treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with 9-cis-retinoic acid and IFNα (RA/IFNα) induces early membrane exposure of Calreticulin, HSP70 and 90 together with CD47 down-regulation and enhanced HMGB1 secretion. Consistently, RA/IFNα-treated apoptotic cells and -TCLs were more efficiently phagocytosed by DCs compared to controls. Notably, cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) generated with autologous DCs pulsed with RA/IFNα-TCLs more efficiently recognized and specifically lysed MCL or DLBCL cells or targets loaded with several HLA-A*0201 cyclin D1 or HLA-B*0801 survivin epitopes. These cultures also showed an expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells and an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Moreover, DCs loaded with RA/IFNα-TCLs showed enhanced functional maturation and activation. NOD/SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and vaccinated with autologous RA/IFNα-TCL loaded-IFN-DCs showed lymphoma-specific T-cell responses and a significant decrease in tumor growth with respect to mice treated with IFN-DC unpulsed or loaded with untreated TCLs. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the use of RA/IFNα to generate a highly immunogenic TCL as a suitable tumor antigen formulation for the development of effective anticancer DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - C Lapenta
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - D Martorelli
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - E Muraro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - B Zeng
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Comaro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - M Spada
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S Donati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Santini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - G Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - A Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Belardelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Dolcetti
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Dal Col
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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