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Anderson KG, Stromnes IM, Greenberg PD. Obstacles Posed by the Tumor Microenvironment to T cell Activity: A Case for Synergistic Therapies. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:311-325. [PMID: 28292435 PMCID: PMC5423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell dysfunction in solid tumors results from multiple mechanisms. Altered signaling pathways in tumor cells help produce a suppressive tumor microenvironment enriched for inhibitory cells, posing a major obstacle for cancer immunity. Metabolic constraints to cell function and survival shape tumor progression and immune cell function. In the face of persistent antigen, chronic T cell receptor signaling drives T lymphocytes to a functionally exhausted state. Here we discuss how the tumor and its microenvironment influences T cell trafficking and function with a focus on melanoma, and pancreatic and ovarian cancer, and discuss how scientific advances may help overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G Anderson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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1352
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Asimakopoulos F, Hope C, Johnson MG, Pagenkopf A, Gromek K, Nagel B. Extracellular matrix and the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment: balancing tolerogenic and immunogenic inflammation in the myeloma niche. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:265-275. [PMID: 28254840 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1116-468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 10-15 years have witnessed a revolution in treating multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of Ab-producing plasma cells. Advances in myeloma therapy were ushered in by novel agents that remodel the myeloma immune microenvironment. The first generation of novel agents included immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide analogs) and proteasome inhibitors that target crucial pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation, such as NF-κB. This paradigm continued with the recent regulatory approval of mAbs (elotuzumab, daratumumab) that impact both tumor cells and associated immune cells. Moreover, recent clinical data support checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in myeloma. With the success of these agents has come the growing realization that the myeloid infiltrate in myeloma lesions-what we collectively call the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment-variably sustains or deters tumor cells by shaping the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche and by promoting or antagonizing immune-modulating therapies. The myeloid-in-myeloma compartment includes myeloma-associated macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived-suppressor cells. These cell types reflect variable states of differentiation and activation of tumor-infiltrating cells derived from resident myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow-the canonical myeloma niche-or myeloid cells that seed both canonical and extramedullary, noncanonical niches. Myeloma-infiltrating myeloid cells engage in crosstalk with extracellular matrix components, stromal cells, and tumor cells. This complex regulation determines the composition, activation state, and maturation of the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment as well as the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic inflammation in the niche. Redressing this balance may be a crucial determinant for the success of antimyeloma immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Gromek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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1353
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Nowak EC, Lines JL, Varn FS, Deng J, Sarde A, Mabaera R, Kuta A, Le Mercier I, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. Immunoregulatory functions of VISTA. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:66-79. [PMID: 28258694 PMCID: PMC5702497 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) for cancer immunotherapy has garnered significant interest with the completion of clinical trials demonstrating efficacy. While the results of monotherapy treatments are compelling, there is increasing emphasis on combination treatments in an effort to increase response rates to treatment. One of the most recently discovered NCRs is VISTA (V-domain Ig-containing Suppressor of T cell Activation). In this review, we describe the functions of this molecule in the context of cancer immunotherapy. We also discuss factors that may influence the use of anti-VISTA antibody in combination therapy and how genomic analysis may assist in providing indications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Frederick S. Varn
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Aurelien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rodwell Mabaera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J. Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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1354
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Myeloid cells as a target for oligonucleotide therapeutics: turning obstacles into opportunities. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:979-988. [PMID: 28214929 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies emerged as an alternative for cancer treatment, yet their clinical efficacies are still limited, especially in case of solid tumors. Myeloid immune cells, such as macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are often hijacked by tumors and become pivotal inhibitors of antitumor immunity. Immunosuppressive functions of tumor-associated myeloid cells result from the activity of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor with well-defined tumorigenic and tolerogenic roles in human cancers. To overcome challenges in the development of pharmacological STAT3 inhibitors, we recently developed oligonucleotide-based strategies for cell-selective, in vivo STAT3 targeting. Conjugation of a STAT3siRNA or decoy STAT3 inhibitors to synthetic Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, CpG oligonucleotides, allowed for selective delivery into TLR9-positive cells. Cellular target for CpG-STAT3 inhibitors include non-malignant, tumor-associated myeloid cells, such as polymorphonuclear MDSCs, as well as cancer cells in acute myeloid leukemia, B cell lymphoma and in certain solid tumors. The chemically modified CpG-STAT3 inhibitors resist serum nucleases and thus can be administered intravenously. Their potency relies on the intracellular gain-of-function effect: release of the central immune checkpoint regulator (STAT3) to unleash proinflammatory signaling (CpG/TLR9) in the same antigen-presenting cell. At the cellular level, CpG-STAT3 inhibitors exert two-pronged effect by rescuing T cells from the immune checkpoint control while decreasing survival of cancer cells. In this article, we review the preclinical data on CpG-STAT3 inhibitors and discuss perspectives of using TLR9-targeted delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics for the generation of novel, more effective and safer cancer immunotherapies.
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Xin J, Zhang Z, Su X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang R. Epigenetic Component p66a Modulates Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Modifying STAT3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2712-2720. [PMID: 28193828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 plays a critical role in myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation and activation. Most studies have probed underlying mechanisms of STAT3 activation. However, epigenetic events involved in STAT3 activation are poorly understood. In this study, we identified several epigenetic-associated proteins such as p66a (Gatad2a), a novel protein transcriptional repressor that might interact with STAT3 in functional MDSCs, by using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. p66a could regulate the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of STAT3. Silencing p66a promoted not only phosphorylation but also K63 ubiquitination of STAT3 in the activated MDSCs. Interestingly, p66a expression was significantly suppressed by IL-6 both in vitro and in vivo during MDSC activation, suggesting that p66a is involved in IL-6-mediated differentiation of MDSCs. Indeed, silencing p66a could promote MDSC accumulation, differentiation, and activation. Tumors in mice injected with p66a small interfering RNA-transfected MDSCs also grew faster, whereas tumors in mice injected with p66a-transfected MDSCs were smaller as compared with the control. Thus, our data demonstrate that p66a may physically interact with STAT3 to suppress its activity through posttranslational modification, which reveals a novel regulatory mechanism controlling STAT3 activation during myeloid cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; and.,Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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1356
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Veglia F, Gabrilovich DI. Dendritic cells in cancer: the role revisited. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 45:43-51. [PMID: 28192720 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) with their potent antigen presenting ability are long considered as critical factor in antitumor immunity. Despite high potential in promoting antitumor responses, tumor-associated DCs are largely defective in their functional activity and can contribute to immune suppression in cancer. In recent years existence of immune suppressive regulatory DCs in tumor microenvironment was described. Monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) can contribute to the pool of tumor associated DCs by differentiating to inflammatory DCs (inf-DCs), which appear to have specific phenotype and is critical component of antitumor response. Here we examine the role of inf-DCs along with other DC subsets in the regulation of immune responses in cancer. These novel data expand our view on the role of DCs in cancer and may provide new targets for immunotherapy.
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1357
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Chen X, Takemoto Y, Deng H, Middelhoff M, Friedman RA, Chu TH, Churchill MJ, Ma Y, Nagar KK, Tailor YH, Mukherjee S, Wang TC. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing granulocytic myeloid cells induce and recruit Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in murine colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1290034. [PMID: 28405523 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1290034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The colorectal tumor microenvironment contains a diverse population of myeloid cells that are recruited and converted to immunosuppressive cells, thus facilitating tumor escape from immunoediting. We have identified a genetically and functionally distinct subset of dynamic bone marrow myeloid cells that are characterized by histidine decarboxylase (HDC) expression. Lineage tracing in Hdc-CreERT2;R26-LSL-tdTomato mice revealed that in homeostasis, there is a strong bias by HDC+ myeloid cells toward the CD11b+Ly6Ghi granulocytic lineage, which was accelerated during azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colonic carcinogenesis. More importantly, HDC+ myeloid cells strongly promoted colonic tumorigenesis, and colon tumor progression was profoundly suppressed by diphtheria toxin A (DTA)-mediated depletion of HDC+ granulocytic myeloid cells. In addition, tumor infiltration by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was markedly impaired following HDC+ myeloid cell depletion. We identified an HDC+ myeloid-derived Cxcl13/Cxcr5 axis that mediated Foxp3 expression and Treg proliferation. Ablation of HDC+ myeloid cells or disruption of the Cxcl13/Cxcr5 axis by gene knockdown impaired the production and recruitment of Tregs. Cxcl13 induction of Foxp3 expression in Tregs during tumorigenesis was associated with Stat3 phosphorylation. Overall, HDC+ granulocytic myeloid cells affect CD8+ T cells directly and indirectly through the modulation of Tregs and thus appear to play key roles in suppressing tumoricidal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Takemoto
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Churchill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Karan K Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Yagnesh H Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY, USA
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1358
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Tobin RP, Davis D, Jordan KR, McCarter MD. The clinical evidence for targeting human myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:381-391. [PMID: 28179538 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5vmr1016-449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that represent a formidable obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. Patients with high frequencies of MDSCs have significantly decreased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Whereas there is experimental evidence that the reduction of the number and/or suppressive function of MDSCs in mice improves the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, there is notably less evidence for this therapeutic strategy in human clinical trials. Here, we discuss currently available data concerning MDSCs from human clinical trials and explore the evidence that targeting MDSCs may improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tobin
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Dana Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
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Abstract
Despite having been much debated, it is now well established that the immune system plays an essential role in the fight against cancer. In this article, we will highlight the implication of the immune system in the control of tumor growth and describe the major components of the immune system involved in the antitumoral immune response. The immune system, while exerting pressure on tumor cells, also will play a pro-tumoral role by sculpting the immunogenicity of tumors cells as they develop. Finally, we will illustrate the numerous mechanisms of immune suppression that take place within the tumoral microenvironment which allow tumor cells to escape control from the immune system. The increasingly precise knowledge of the brakes to an effective antitumor immune response allows the development of immunotherapy strategies more and more innovating and promising of hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Terme
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Ding L, Ren J, Zhang D, Li Y, Huang X, Ji J, Hu Q, Wang H, Ni Y, Hou Y. The TLR3 Agonist Inhibit Drug Efflux and Sequentially Consolidates Low-Dose Cisplatin-Based Chemoimmunotherapy while Reducing Side Effects. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1068-1079. [PMID: 28138030 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional maximum dose density chemotherapy renders the tumor patients not only the tumor remission but the chemotherapy resistance and more adverse side effects. According to the widely positive expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients (n = 166), we here provided an alternative strategy involved the orderly treatment of TLR3 agonist polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (PIC) and low-dose cisplatin. The optimal dose of cisplatin, the novel role of PIC and the side effects of the combined chemotherapy were determined in vitro and in distinct human tumor models in vivo The results in vitro indicated that preculture with PIC downregulated drug transporters (e.g., P-gp and MRP-1) and increased the cytoplasmic residence of cisplatin, and dramatically strengthened the low-dose cisplatin-induced cell death in TLR3- and caspase-3-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the spleen immunocytes were activated but the immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) were dampened. These findings were confirmed in human tumor models in vivo Pretreatment with PIC promoted the low-dose cisplatin residence for tumor regression with decreased myeloid-suppressive cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and CAFs, and alleviated adverse side effects in the OSCC model, which was further enhanced by the Cetuximab safely. This strategy also repressed the progression of melanoma and lymphoma. Moreover, TLR3 negatively manipulated the inflammation-related long noncoding RNA lnc-IL7R, which was upregulated during this chemotherapy. Knockdown of lnc-IL7R improved the chemotherapy sensitivity. Overall, this study provided preclinically new instructions for the PIC/cisplatin utilization to target tumor microenvironment and strengthen the low-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy with reduced side effects. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1068-79. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanhong Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Dethlefsen C, Pedersen KS, Hojman P. Every exercise bout matters: linking systemic exercise responses to breast cancer control. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:399-408. [PMID: 28138894 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative epidemiological evidence shows that regular exercise lowers the risk of developing breast cancer and decreases the risk of disease recurrence. The causality underlying this relation has not been fully established, and the exercise recommendations for breast cancer patients follow the general physical activity guidelines, prescribing 150 min of exercise per week. Thus, elucidations of the causal mechanisms are important to prescribe and implement the most optimal training regimen in breast cancer prevention and treatment. The prevailing hypothesis on the positive association within exercise oncology has focused on lowering of the basal systemic levels of cancer risk factors with exercise training. However, another rather overlooked systemic exercise response is the marked acute increases in several potential anti-cancer components during each acute exercise bout. Here, we review the evidence of the exercise-mediated changes in systemic components with the ability to influence breast cancer progression. In the first part, we focus on systemic risk factors for breast cancer, i.e., sex hormones, insulin, and inflammatory markers, and their adaptation to long-term training. In the second part, we describe the systemic factors induced acutely during exercise, including catecholamines and myokines. In conclusion, we propose that the transient increases in exercise factors during acute exercise appear to be mediating the positive effect of regular exercise on breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dethlefsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University Hospital, 7641, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Seide Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University Hospital, 7641, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University Hospital, 7641, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Inflammation and Cancer: Extra- and Intracellular Determinants of Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Tumor Promoters. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9294018. [PMID: 28197019 PMCID: PMC5286482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9294018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer-related inflammation is the recruitment of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells to the tumor microenvironment. These tumor infiltrating myeloid cells are educated by the tumor milieu, rich in cancer cells and stroma components, to exert functions such as promotion of tumor growth, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and cancer cell dissemination. Our review highlights the ontogenetic diversity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and describes their main phenotypic markers. We cover fundamental molecular players in the tumor microenvironment including extra- (CCL2, CSF-1, CXCL12, IL-4, IL-13, semaphorins, WNT5A, and WNT7B) and intracellular signals. We discuss how these factors converge on intracellular determinants (STAT3, STAT6, STAT1, NF-κB, RORC1, and HIF-1α) of cell functions and drive the recruitment and polarization of TAMs. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate macrophage polarization key miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, miR-125a, miR-511, and miR-223) are also discussed in the context of the inflammatory myeloid tumor compartment. Accumulating evidence suggests that high TAM infiltration correlates with disease progression and overall poor survival of cancer patients. Identification of molecular targets to develop new therapeutic interventions targeting these harmful tumor infiltrating myeloid cells is emerging nowadays.
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1363
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Weichselbaum RR, Liang H, Deng L, Fu YX. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a beneficial liaison? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:365-379. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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1364
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Dross SE, Munson PV, Kim SE, Bratt DL, Tunggal HC, Gervassi AL, Fuller DH, Horton H. Kinetics of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Frequency and Function during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Treatment Interruption. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:757-766. [PMID: 27974456 PMCID: PMC5225043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During chronic lentiviral infection, poor clinical outcomes correlate both with systemic inflammation and poor proliferative ability of HIV-specific T cells; however, the connection between the two is not clear. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which expand during states of elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, may link the systemic inflammation and poor T cell function characteristic of lentiviral infections. Although MDSC are partially characterized in HIV and SIV infection, questions remain regarding their persistence, activity, and clinical significance. We monitored MDSC frequency and function in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Low MDSC frequency was observed prior to SIV infection. Post-SIV infection, MDSC were elevated in acute infection and persisted during 7 mo of combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART). After cART interruption, we observed MDSC expansion of surprising magnitude, the majority being granulocytic MDSC. At all stages of infection, granulocytic MDSC suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to polyclonal or SIV-specific stimulation. In addition, MDSC frequency correlated significantly with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Acute and post-cART levels of viremia were similar, however, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and MDSC were more pronounced post-cART. Expanded MDSC during SIV infection, especially during the post-cART inflammatory cytokine surge, likely limit cellular responses to infection. As many HIV curative strategies require cART interruption to determine efficacy, our work suggests treatment interruption-induced MDSC may especially undermine the effectiveness of such strategies. MDSC depletion may enhance T cell responses to lentiviral infection and the effectiveness of curative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Dross
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Paul V Munson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Debra L Bratt
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Hillary C Tunggal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Ana L Gervassi
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915; and
| | - Helen Horton
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Immune Modulation Research, Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines BVBA, Beerse 2340, Belgium
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1365
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Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Proinflammatory Cytokines as Targets for Cancer Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1274-1283. [PMID: 27914453 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells. Under normal conditions, these cells differentiate into macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. However, in pathological states such as inflammation, infection, or tumor growth, there is an arrest of their differentiation that results in the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the organism. In addition, these cells acquire a suppressor phenotype, expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and suppress T-cell immune response. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to cancerogenesis by forming a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth. Proinflammatory cytokines, secreted by tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, induce angiogenesis and metastasis and promote tumor growth. They also provide signals necessary for survival, accumulation, and function of MDSC. Understanding the mechanisms of myeloid suppressor cell development and the use of proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors may prove beneficial for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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1366
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Abstract
Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. They evolved as a critical barrier against infections and are important contributors to tissue remodeling. However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. This process is epitomized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells are closely related to neutrophils and monocytes. MDSCs are not present in the steady state of healthy individuals and appear in cancer and in pathologic conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. These cells have emerged as an important contributor to tumor progression. Ample evidence supports a key role for MDSCs in immune suppression in cancer, as well as their prominent role in tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance, and promotion of tumor metastases. MDSCs have a fascinating biology and are implicated in limiting the effects of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting these cells may represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 3-8. ©2016 AACR.
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1367
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Cantoni C, Cignarella F, Ghezzi L, Mikesell B, Bollman B, Berrien-Elliott MM, Ireland AR, Fehniger TA, Wu GF, Piccio L. Mir-223 regulates the number and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:61-77. [PMID: 27704281 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived cells play important modulatory and effector roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells, composed of monocytic (MO) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) fractions, which can suppress T cell activities in EAE. Their role in MS remains poorly characterized. We found decreased numbers of circulating MDSCs, driven by lower frequencies of the MO-MDSCs, and higher MDSC expression of microRNA miR-223 in MS versus healthy subjects. To gain mechanistic insights, we interrogated the EAE model. MiR-223 knock out (miR-223-/-) mice developed less severe EAE with increased MDSC numbers in the spleen and spinal cord compared to littermate controls. MiR-223-/- MO-MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and EAE in vivo more than wild-type MO-MDSCs. They also displayed an increased expression of critical mediators of MDSC suppressive function, Arginase-1(Arg1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), which herein, we demonstrate being an miR-223 target gene. Consistently, MDSCs from MS patients displayed decreased STAT3 and ARG1 expression compared with healthy controls, suggesting that circulating MDSCs in MS are not only reduced in numbers but also less suppressive. These results support a critical role for miR-223 in modulating MDSC biology in EAE and in MS and suggest potential novel therapeutic applications.
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1368
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Abstract
Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. They evolved as a critical barrier against infections and are important contributors to tissue remodeling. However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. This process is epitomized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells are closely related to neutrophils and monocytes. MDSCs are not present in the steady state of healthy individuals and appear in cancer and in pathologic conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. These cells have emerged as an important contributor to tumor progression. Ample evidence supports a key role for MDSCs in immune suppression in cancer, as well as their prominent role in tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance, and promotion of tumor metastases. MDSCs have a fascinating biology and are implicated in limiting the effects of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting these cells may represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 3-8. ©2016 AACR.
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1369
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Du J, Wang R, Zhang W, Zhang C, Li X, Shi X, Hu M, Ma F, Ma C, Wang X, Tao N, Qin Z. A polysaccharide derived from Lentinus edodes impairs the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the p38 pathways. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MPSSS may reverse the function of the MSC2 cells through p38 activation and ERK suppression and provide a novel anti-cancer strategy by targeting myeloid immune suppressor cells.
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1370
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De Meulenaere A, Vermassen T, Aspeslagh S, Vandecasteele K, Rottey S, Ferdinande L. TILs in Head and Neck Cancer: Ready for Clinical Implementation and Why (Not)? Head Neck Pathol 2016; 11:354-363. [PMID: 28032290 PMCID: PMC5550394 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker in several solid tumors. Quantification and subtyping of TILs reflects the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to either tumoral immune attack or escape and thereby affecting outcome. Despite the growing evidence of its value as prognosticator, TILs analysis has not yet found its way to daily clinical practice. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether the current knowledge on TILs in head and neck cancer justifies its clinical implementation. Therefore, we summarize the data on TILs in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck with focus on the most important subsets (T lymphocytes and more specifically CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells) and site-specific characteristics such as Human Papilloma Virus infection. In addition, we discuss methodological problems and pitfalls that can account for discordant findings and that may hamper inclusion of TILs assessment in routine practice of pathologists and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid De Meulenaere
- 0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tijl Vermassen
- 0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- 0000 0001 2284 9388grid.14925.3bDITEP, Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, rue Edouard-Vaillant 114, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Katrien Vandecasteele
- 0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- 0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Ferdinande
- 0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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1371
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Bruns H, Böttcher M, Qorraj M, Fabri M, Jitschin S, Dindorf J, Busch L, Jitschin R, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. CLL-cell-mediated MDSC induction by exosomal miR-155 transfer is disrupted by vitamin D. Leukemia 2016; 31:985-988. [PMID: 28008175 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Qorraj
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Fabri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Jitschin
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Dindorf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Jitschin
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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1372
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Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of early myeloid progenitors and precursors at different stages of differentiation into granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Blockade of their differentiation into mature myeloid cells in cancer results in an expansion of this population. High-grade gliomas are the most common malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), with a poor prognosis despite intensive radiation and chemotherapy. Histopathological and flow cytometry analyses of human and rodent experimental gliomas revealed the extensive heterogeneity of immune cells infiltrating gliomas and their microenvironment. Immune cell infiltrates consist of: resident (microglia) and peripheral macrophages, granulocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and T lymphocytes. Intratumoural density of glioma-associated MDSCs correlates positively with the histological grade of gliomas and patient’s survival. MDSCs have the ability to attract T regulatory lymphocytes to the tumour, but block the activation of tumour-reactive CD4+ T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Immunomodulatory mechanisms employed by malignant gliomas pose an appalling challenge to brain tumour immunotherapy. In this mini-review we describe phenotypic and functional characteristics of MDSCs in humans and rodents, and their occurrence and potential roles in glioma progression. While understanding the complexity of immune cell interactions in the glioma microenvironment is far from being accomplished, there is significant progress that may lead to the development of immunotherapy for gliomas.
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1373
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Abstract
Abstract
The progressive growth and spread of tumour cells in the form of metastases requires an interaction of healthy host cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cells of mesenchymal origin with immune cells taking part in innate and adaptive responses within the tumour lesion and entire body. The host cells interact with tumour cells to create a dynamic tumour microenvironment, in which healthy cells can both positively and negatively influence the growth and spread of the tumour. The balance of cellular homeostasis and the effect of substances they secrete on the tumour microenvironment determine whether the tumour has a tendency to grow or disappear, and whether the cells remain within the lesion or are capable of metastasis to other regions of the body. Intercellular interactions also determine the tumour’s susceptibility to radiation or other types of cancer treatment. They may also be a rational explanation for differences in treatment outcomes, in which some metastases regress and others progress in response to the same treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lisiecka
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kostro
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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1374
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Mao L, Deng WW, Yu GT, Bu LL, Liu JF, Ma SR, Wu L, Kulkarni AB, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Inhibition of SRC family kinases reduces myeloid-derived suppressor cells in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1173-1185. [PMID: 27798955 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinases (SFKs), a group of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, modulate multiple cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. SFKs display aberrant activity in progressive stages of human cancers. However, the precise role of SFKs in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) signaling network is far from clear. In this study, we found that the inhibition of SFKs activity by dasatinib effectively reduced the tumor size and population of MDSCs in the HNSCC mouse model. Molecular analysis indicates that phosphorylation of LYN, rather than SRC, was inhibited by dasatinib treatment. Next, we analyzed LYN expression by immunostaining and found that it was overexpressed in the human HNSCC specimens. Moreover, LYN expression in stromal cells positively correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) makers CD11b and CD33 in human HNSCC. The dual positive expression of LYN in epithelial and stromal cells (EPI+ SRT+ ) was associated with unfavorable overall survival of HNSCC patients. These findings indicate that SFKs may be a potential target for an effective immunotherapy of HNSCC by decreasing MDSCs and moreover, LYN will have an impact on such therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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1375
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their role in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:100-105. [PMID: 27910857 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease and ranks as the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Like many cancers, there has been increased interest in the role of the immune system in the progression and development of pancreatic cancer. In particular, immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is thought to impair the host's antitumor response. In this article, we review myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their contribution to this immunosuppression within the pancreatic TME.
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1376
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Solinas C, Pusole G, Demurtas L, Puzzoni M, Mascia R, Morgan G, Giampieri R, Scartozzi M. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal tumors: Controversies and future clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 110:106-116. [PMID: 28109400 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation following infections, autoimmune diseases or exposure to environmental irritants plays a crucial role in tumor development and influences the host immune response to neoplastic cells. The presence of an anti-tumor immune infiltrate is often associated with better outcomes in gastro-intestinal primary cancers, particularly in those with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Immunotherapeutic drugs inhibiting the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway showed promising results in the treatment of these patients in the metastatic setting. The aim of this review is to resume the role tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play in gastrointestinal tumors, underlining their potential value as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. TILs assessment could identify subsets of patients with high extent of TILs and better prognosis, that could be spared from adjuvant systemic treatments. Immune infiltration parameters might be additional predictors of a greater benefit from the immunotherapy with the immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo, 127 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Grazia Pusole
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Roberta Mascia
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | | | | | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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1377
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Szebeni GJ, Vizler C, Nagy LI, Kitajka K, Puskas LG. Pro-Tumoral Inflammatory Myeloid Cells as Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111958. [PMID: 27886105 PMCID: PMC5133952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the observation of Virchow, it has long been known that the tumor microenvironment constitutes the soil for the infiltration of inflammatory cells and for the release of inflammatory mediators. Under certain circumstances, inflammation remains unresolved and promotes cancer development. Here, we review some of these indisputable experimental and clinical evidences of cancer related smouldering inflammation. The most common myeloid infiltrate in solid tumors is composed of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These cells promote tumor growth by several mechanisms, including their inherent immunosuppressive activity, promotion of neoangiogenesis, mediation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and alteration of cellular metabolism. The pro-tumoral functions of TAMs and MDSCs are further enhanced by their cross-talk offering a myriad of potential anti-cancer therapeutic targets. We highlight these main pro-tumoral mechanisms of myeloid cells and give a general overview of their phenotypical and functional diversity, offering examples of possible therapeutic targets. Pharmacological targeting of inflammatory cells and molecular mediators may result in therapies improving patient condition and prognosis. Here, we review experimental and clinical findings on cancer-related inflammation with a major focus on creating an inventory of current small molecule-based therapeutic interventions targeting cancer-related inflammatory cells: TAMs and MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Szebeni
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Synaptogenex Ltd., Őzsuta utca 20995/1, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Lajos I Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Klara Kitajka
- Department of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laszlo G Puskas
- Avidin Ltd., Also kikoto sor 11/D., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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1378
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Smith CIE. Enigmas in tumor resistance to kinase inhibitors and calculation of the drug resistance index for cancer (DRIC). Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 45:36-49. [PMID: 27865897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Darwinian selection is also applicable when antibiotics, the immune system or other host factors shape the repertoire of microorganisms, and similarly, clonal selection is the hallmark of tumor evolution. The ongoing revolution in new anti-cancer treatment modalities, combined with an unprecedented precision in characterizing malignant clones at the level below one percent, profoundly improves the understanding of repertoire-tuning mechanisms. There is no fundamental difference between selection of the tumor cells in the presence, or absence, of therapy. However, under treatment the influence of a single agent can be measured, simplifying the analysis. Because of their beneficial and selective therapeutic effect, the focus in this review is set on protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs), predominantly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This is one of the most rapidly growing families of novel cancer medicines. In order to limit the number of drugs, the following representative target kinases are included: ALK, BCR-ABL, BRAF, BTK, and EGFR. A key therapeutic challenge is how to reduce tumor growth after treatment, since this is rate-limiting for the generation and expansion of more malignant escape mutants. Thus, upon efficient treatment, tumor cell loss often enables a profoundly increased growth rate among resistant cells. Strategies to reduce this risk, such as concomitant, competitive outgrowth of non-transformed cells, are described. Seven parameters: 1. Drug type, 2. tumor type, 3. presence of metastases or phenotypic change, 4. tumor cell number, 5. net growth rate (proliferation minus cell death), 6. inherited genetic- and 7. epigenetic- variations are crucial for drug responses. It is envisaged that it might become possible to calculate a clinically relevant Drug Resistance Index for Cancer (DRIC) for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Edvard Smith
- Clinical Research Center, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
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1379
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Abstract
The maternal immune system is complex and governed by multiple hormonal and metabolic factors, including those provided to the mother via the fetus. Understanding of the balance between maternal tolerance and protection of the fetus may require thinking from multiple theoretical approaches to the general problem of immune activation and tolerance. This article provides a brief review of the immune system, with aspects relevant to pregnancy. The references include reviews that expand on the elements discussed. The article also uses different models of immune system activation and tolerance to provide a theoretical understanding of the problem of maternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building Room C-246, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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1380
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Ando M, Nakauchi H. 'Off-the-shelf' immunotherapy with iPSC-derived rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Exp Hematol 2016; 47:2-12. [PMID: 27826124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy to target and kill tumor cells shows promise and induces durable remissions in selected malignancies. However, for most cancers, clinical utility is limited. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes continuously exposed to viral or tumor antigens, with long-term expansion, may become unable to proliferate ("exhausted"). To exploit fully rejuvenated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes is a potentially powerful approach. We review recent progress in engineering iPSC-derived T cells and prospects for clinical translation. We also describe the importance of introducing a suicide gene safeguard system into adoptive T-cell therapy, including iPSC-derived T-cell therapy, to protect from unexpected events in first-in-humans clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ando
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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1381
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The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in Cancer Progression. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040036. [PMID: 27827871 PMCID: PMC5192356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents not only one of the key factors stimulating tumor progression but also a strong obstacle for efficient tumor immunotherapy. Immunosuppression was found to be associated with chronic inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines and growth factors produced by cancer and stroma cells. Long-term intensive production of these factors induces the formation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) representing one of the most important players mediating immunosuppression. Moreover, MDSCs could not only inhibit anti-tumor immune reactions but also directly stimulate tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of their generation, expansion, recruitment and activation is required for the development of novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
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1382
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Umansky V, Blattner C, Fleming V, Hu X, Gebhardt C, Altevogt P, Utikal J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor escape from immune surveillance. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:295-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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1383
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Abstract
The maternal immune system is complex and governed by multiple hormonal and metabolic factors, including those provided to the mother via the fetus. Understanding of the balance between maternal tolerance and protection of the fetus may require thinking from multiple theoretical approaches to the general problem of immune activation and tolerance. This article provides a brief review of the immune system, with aspects relevant to pregnancy. The references include reviews that expand on the elements discussed. The article also uses different models of immune system activation and tolerance to provide a theoretical understanding of the problem of maternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building Room C-246, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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1384
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Zhou X, Ma Z, Zhang L, Zhou S, Wang J, Wang B, Fu W. Heart rate variability in the prediction of survival in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2016; 89:20-5. [PMID: 27663106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the predictive value of vagal nerve activity, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), has been confirmed in a variety of diseases, its value in the prediction of survival in cancer patients still remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the predictive value of HRV in cancer patients in an evidence based manner. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Library databases for all studies regarding HRV, vagal nerve activity and cancer. Pooled data of overall survival was analyzed. RESULTS Six studies with 1286 patients were included in our meta analysis. Analysis of the pooled data revealed that overall survival was significantly longer in the higher HRV group than in the lower HRV group (HR 0.70, 95% CI [0.60, 0.82]; P<0.001, I2=27%). CONCLUSION The current evidence indicates a predictive value of HRV in the survival of patients with cancer and higher vagal nerve activity might predict longer survival, but the results should be applied with caution considering the heterogeneity between included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaolai Ma
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lingfu Zhang
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health), the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jilian Wang
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of general surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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1385
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MEK inhibition abrogates sunitinib resistance in a renal cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft model. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:920-928. [PMID: 27560553 PMCID: PMC5061902 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) typically respond initially, but usually develop resistance to therapy. We utilised transcriptome analysis to identify gene expression changes during development of sunitinib resistance in a RCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Methods: RCC tumours were harvested during pre-treatment, response and escape phases. Direct anti-proliferative effects of sunitinib plus MEK inhibitor were assessed. Activation status (phosphorylation) of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 was determined, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) sub-fractions were quantitated and G-CSF was measured by ELISA. Results: During the response phase, tumours exhibited 91% reduction in volume, characterised by decreased expression of cell survival genes. After 4-week treatment, tumours developed resistance to sunitinib, associated with increased expression of pro-angiogenic and cell survival genes. During tumour escape, cellular movement, inflammatory response and immune cell trafficking genes were induced, along with intra-tumoural accumulation of MDSC. In this PDX model, either continuous treatment with sunitinib plus MEK inhibitor PD-0325901, or switching from sunitinib to PD-0325901 was effective. The combination of PD-0325901 with TKI suppressed intra-tumoural phospho-MEK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2 and MDSC. Conclusions: Continuous treatment with sunitinib alone did not maintain anti-tumour response; addition of MEK inhibitor abrogated resistance, leading to improved anti-tumour efficacy.
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1386
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Montalbán Del Barrio I, Penski C, Schlahsa L, Stein RG, Diessner J, Wöckel A, Dietl J, Lutz MB, Mittelbronn M, Wischhusen J, Häusler SFM. Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:49. [PMID: 27532024 PMCID: PMC4986205 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OvCA) tissues show abundant expression of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 which generate immunomodulatory adenosine, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocytes. Little, however, is known about the effect of adenosine on myeloid cells. Considering that tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) constitute up to 20 % of OvCA tissue, we investigated the effect of adenosine on myeloid cells and explored a possible contribution of myeloid cells to adenosine generation in vitro and ex vivo. METHODS Monocytes were used as human blood-derived myeloid cells. After co-incubation with SK-OV-3 or OAW-42 OvCA cells, monocyte migration was determined in transwell assays. For conversion into M2-polarized "TAM-like" macrophages, monocytes were co-incubated with OAW-42 cells. Ex vivo TAMs were obtained from OvCA ascites. Macrophage phenotypes were investigated by intracellular staining for IL-10 and IL-12. CD39 and CD73 expression were assessed by FACS analysis both on in vitro-induced TAM-like macrophages and on ascites-derived ex situ-TAMs. Myeloid cells in solid tumor tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Generation of biologically active adenosine by TAM-like macrophages was measured in luciferase-based reporter assays. Functional effects of adenosine were investigated in proliferation-experiments with CD4(+) T cells and specific inhibitors. RESULTS When CD39 or CD73 activity on OvCA cells were blocked, the migration of monocytes towards OvCA cells was significantly decreased. In vivo, myeloid cells in solid ovarian cancer tissue were found to express CD39 whereas CD73 was mainly detected on stromal fibroblasts. Ex situ-TAMs and in vitro differentiated TAM-like cells, however, upregulated the expression of CD39 and CD73 compared to monocytes or M1 macrophages. Expression of ectonucleotidases also translated into increased levels of biologically active adenosine. Accordingly, co-incubation with these TAMs suppressed CD4(+) T cell proliferation which could be rescued via blockade of CD39 or CD73. CONCLUSION Adenosine generated by OvCA cells likely contributes to the recruitment of TAMs which further amplify adenosine-dependent immunosuppression via additional ectonucleotidase activity. In solid ovarian cancer tissue, TAMs express CD39 while CD73 is found on stromal fibroblasts. Accordingly, small molecule inhibitors of CD39 or CD73 could improve immune responses in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Montalbán Del Barrio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura Schlahsa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland G Stein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Diessner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Dietl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacherstrasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F M Häusler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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1387
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Condamine T, Dominguez GA, Youn JI, Kossenkov AV, Mony S, Alicea-Torres K, Tcyganov E, Hashimoto A, Nefedova Y, Lin C, Partlova S, Garfall A, Vogl DT, Xu X, Knight SC, Malietzis G, Lee GH, Eruslanov E, Albelda SM, Wang X, Mehta JL, Bewtra M, Rustgi A, Hockstein N, Witt R, Masters G, Nam B, Smirnov D, Sepulveda MA, Gabrilovich DI. Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor-1 distinguishes population of human polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Sci Immunol 2016; 1. [PMID: 28417112 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) are important regulators of immune responses in cancer and have been directly implicated in promotion of tumor progression. However, the heterogeneity of these cells and lack of distinct markers hampers the progress in understanding of the biology and clinical importance of these cells. Using partial enrichment of PMN-MDSC with gradient centrifugation we determined that low density PMN-MDSC and high density neutrophils from the same cancer patients had a distinct gene profile. Most prominent changes were observed in the expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Surprisingly, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was one of the most increased regulators and its receptor oxidized LDL receptor 1 OLR1 was one of the most overexpressed genes in PMN-MDSC. Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) encoded by OLR1 was practically undetectable in neutrophils in peripheral blood of healthy donors, whereas 5-15% of total neutrophils in cancer patients and 15-50% of neutrophils in tumor tissues were LOX-1+. In contrast to their LOX-1- counterparts, LOX-1+ neutrophils had gene signature, potent immune suppressive activity, up-regulation of ER stress, and other biochemical characteristics of PMN-MDSC. Moreover, induction of ER stress in neutrophils from healthy donors up-regulated LOX-1 expression and converted these cells to suppressive PMN-MDSC. Thus, we identified a specific marker of human PMN-MDSC associated with ER stress and lipid metabolism, which provides new insight to the biology and potential therapeutic targeting of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Je-In Youn
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Sridevi Mony
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cindy Lin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Alfred Garfall
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dan T Vogl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stella C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ
| | - George Malietzis
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ.,St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK, HA1 3UJ
| | - Gui Han Lee
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ.,St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK, HA1 3UJ
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anil Rustgi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil Hockstein
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Robert Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Gregory Masters
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Denis Smirnov
- Janssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Manuel A Sepulveda
- Janssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
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1388
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Lu J, Zhang X. Immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:71-8. [PMID: 27479171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Establishing allograft tolerance is a highly desirable therapeutic goal in kidney transplantation, from which recipients would greatly benefit by withdrawing or minimizing immunosuppression. Identifying biomarkers in predicting tolerance or early diagnosing rejection is essential to direct personalized management. Recent findings have revealed that multiple populations of immune cells have involved in promoting long-term graft function or inducing rejection in renal transplant recipients. Thus, roles of immune cells add another level to predict the renal tolerant state; tailoring their functional and/or phenotypic characteristics would provide insights into mechanism involved in transplant tolerance that may aid in designing new therapies. Here, we review these findings and discuss the current understanding immunological characteristics of renal transplant tolerance in humans, and their potential clinical translation to immune tolerance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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1389
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Maizels RM, McSorley HJ. Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:666-675. [PMID: 27476889 PMCID: PMC5010150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory mechanisms that affect all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence within the host. This broad-spectrum modulation of host immunity has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous. Thus the host can benefit from suppression of collateral damage during parasite infection and from reduced allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory reactions. However, helminth infection can also be detrimental in reducing vaccine responses, increasing susceptibility to coinfection and potentially reducing tumor immunosurveillance. In this review we will summarize the panoply of immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths, their potential utility in human disease, and prospective areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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1390
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Bronte V, Brandau S, Chen SH, Colombo MP, Frey AB, Greten TF, Mandruzzato S, Murray PJ, Ochoa A, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Rodriguez PC, Sica A, Umansky V, Vonderheide RH, Gabrilovich DI. Recommendations for myeloid-derived suppressor cell nomenclature and characterization standards. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12150. [PMID: 27381735 PMCID: PMC4935811 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1914] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as major regulators of immune responses in cancer and other pathological conditions. In recent years, ample evidence supports key contributions of MDSC to tumour progression through both immune-mediated mechanisms and those not directly associated with immune suppression. MDSC are the subject of intensive research with >500 papers published in 2015 alone. However, the phenotypic, morphological and functional heterogeneity of these cells generates confusion in investigation and analysis of their roles in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this communication is to suggest characterization standards in the burgeoning field of MDSC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen D-45122, Germany
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alan B. Frey
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Peter J. Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Augusto Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio Sica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘Amedeo Avogadro', via Bovio 6, Novara 20089, Italy
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 69120, Germany
| | - Robert H. Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- Translational Tumor Immunology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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1391
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Isidro RA, Appleyard CB. Colonic macrophage polarization in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G59-73. [PMID: 27229123 PMCID: PMC4967174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00123.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Our review focuses on the colonic macrophage, a monocyte-derived, tissue-resident macrophage, and the role it plays in health and disease, specifically in inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer of the colon and rectum. We give special emphasis to macrophage polarization, or phenotype, in these different states. We focus on macrophages because they are one of the most numerous leukocytes in the colon, and because they normally contribute to homeostasis through an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, proinflammatory macrophages are increased in the colon and have been linked to disease severity and progression. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells may employ anti-inflammatory macrophages to promote tumor growth and dissemination, whereas proinflammatory macrophages may antagonize tumor growth. Given the key roles that this cell type plays in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer, the colonic macrophage is an intriguing therapeutic target. As such, potential macrophage-targeting strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Isidro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00716
| | - Caroline B Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00716
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1392
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Lieberman NAP, Moyes KW, Crane CA. Developing immunotherapeutic strategies to target brain tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:775-88. [PMID: 27253692 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1192470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have seen rapid growth in cancer treatments that enhance the anti-tumor activities of the immune system. Collectively known as immunotherapy, modulation of the immune system has shown success treating some hematological malignancies, but has yet to be successfully applied to the treatment of patients with brain tumors. AREAS COVERED This review highlights mechanistic insights from murine studies and compiled recent clinical trial data, focusing on the most aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM). The field has recently accumulated a critical mass of data, and we discuss past treatment failures in the context of newly developed approaches now entering clinical trials. This article provides an overview of the immunotherapeutic armamentarium currently in development for the treatment of patients with GBM, who are in dire need of safe and effective therapies. Expert commentary: Themes that emerge include the importance of mitigating the effects of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the potential for innate immune cell activation to enhance cytotoxic anti-tumor activity. Consideration of these studies as a collective may inform the design of new immunotherapies, as well as the immune monitoring protocols for patients participating in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A P Lieberman
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Kara White Moyes
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- a Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Neurological Surgery , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA
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