101
|
Current research trends and challenges in tissue engineering for mending broken hearts. Life Sci 2019; 229:233-250. [PMID: 31103607 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The shortage of donor hearts to treat end-stage heart failure patients is a critical problem. An average of 3500 heart transplant surgeries are performed globally, half of these transplants are performed in the US alone. Stem cell therapy is growing rapidly as an alternative strategy to repair or replace the damaged heart tissue after a myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, the relatively poor survival of the stem cells in the ischemic heart is a major challenge to the therapeutic efficacy of stem-cell transplantation. Recent advancements in tissue engineering offer novel biomaterials and innovative technologies to improve upon the survival of stem cells as well as to repair the damaged heart tissue following a myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are several limitations in tissue engineering technologies to develop a fully functional, beating cardiac tissue. Therefore, the main goal of this review article is to address the current advancements and barriers in cardiac tissue engineering to augment the survival and retention of stem cells in the ischemic heart.
Collapse
|
102
|
Gyenes DL, McBrien AH, Bohun CM, Serrano-Lomelin J, Alvarez SGV, Howley LW, Savard W, Jain V, Motan T, Atallah J, Hornberger LK. Evolution of the Fetal Atrioventricular Interval from 6 to 40 Weeks of Gestation. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:1709-1714. [PMID: 30871745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Doppler-based methods of estimating the atrioventricular interval are commonly used as a surrogate for the electrical PR in fetuses at risk of conduction abnormalities; however, to date, normal values for the fetal atrioventricular interval and an understanding of the evolution of its components in the late first trimester are lacking. We sought to investigate changes in the fetal atrioventricular interval from the first trimester to 40 weeks gestational age, and to explore functional and electrophysiological events that potentially impact its evolution. We prospectively examined healthy pregnancies by fetal echocardiography from 6 to 40 weeks' gestational age. The atrioventricular interval, heart rate, isovolumic contraction time, and A-wave duration were measured from simultaneous ventricular inflow-outflow Doppler tracings. Regression analysis was used to examine relations with gestational age, and linear relations with heart rate were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Data were collected in 305 fetuses from 279 pregnancies. Atrioventricular interval demonstrated an inverse relation with heart rate (r = -0.45, p <0.0001), dramatically decreasing before 10 weeks and slowly increasing thereafter. Between 6 and 9 weeks, isovolumic contraction time acutely decreased approaching 0, thereafter minimally increasing to term. In contrast, from 6 weeks, the A-wave duration linearly increased through gestation, and negatively correlated with heart rate (r = -0.62, p <0.0001). In conclusion, we have established normal measures of the atrioventricular interval from 6 to 40 weeks' gestational age. Before 10 weeks, a prolonged atrioventricular interval in healthy fetuses largely reflects the lengthened isovolumic contraction time which is likely influenced by the evolution of ventricular function and afterload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora L Gyenes
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela H McBrien
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Monique Bohun
- Department of Pediatrics/Cardiology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lisa W Howley
- The Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Winnie Savard
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Venu Jain
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek Motan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph Atallah
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa K Hornberger
- Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Tan NY, Yasin OZ, Sugrue A, El Sabbagh A, Foley TA, Asirvatham SJ. Anatomy and Physiologic Roles of the Left Atrial Appendage: Implications for Endocardial and Epicardial Device Closure. Interv Cardiol Clin 2019. [PMID: 29526287 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The left atrial appendage has been implicated as a major nidus for thrombus formation, particularly in atrial fibrillation. This discovery has prompted substantial interest in the development of left atrial appendage exclusion devices aimed at decreasing systemic thromboembolism risk. Its deceptively simple appearance belies the remarkable complexity that characterizes its anatomy and physiology. We highlight the key anatomic features and variations of the left atrial appendage as well as its relationships with surrounding structures. We also summarize crucial anatomic factors that should be taken into account by the interventional cardiologist when planning for or performing left atrial appendage exclusion procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Y Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omar Z Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alan Sugrue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abdallah El Sabbagh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas A Foley
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Vilches-Moure JG. Embryonic Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) as a Model of Cardiac Biology and Development. Comp Med 2019; 69:184-203. [PMID: 31182184 PMCID: PMC6591676 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the top contributors to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Increasing evidence suggests that many processes, pathways, and programs observed during development and organogenesis are recapitulated in adults in the face of disease. Therefore, a heightened understanding of cardiac development and organogenesis will help increase our understanding of developmental defects and cardiovascular diseases in adults. Chicks have long served as a model system in which to study developmental problems. Detailed descriptions of morphogenesis, low cost, accessibility, ease of manipulation, and the optimization of genetic engineering techniques have made chicks a robust model for studying development and make it a powerful platform for cardiovascular research. This review summarizes the cardiac developmental milestones of embryonic chickens, practical considerations when working with chicken embryos, and techniques available for use in chicks (including tissue chimeras, genetic manipulations, and live imaging). In addition, this article highlights examples that accentuate the utility of the embryonic chicken as model system in which to study cardiac development, particularly epicardial development, and that underscore the importance of how studying development informs our understanding of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23300. [PMID: 31021052 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart develops from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Cardiogenesis involves successive steps, including formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac looping, septation, chamber development, coronary vascularization, and completion of the four-chambered heart. RA is dispensable for primitive heart tube formation. Before looping, RA is required to define the anterior/posterior boundaries of the heart-forming mesoderm as well as to form the atrium and sinus venosus. In outflow tract elongation and septation, RA signaling is required to maintain/differentiate cardiogenic progenitors in the second heart field at the posterior pharyngeal arches level. Epicardium-secreted insulin-like growth factor, the expression of which is regulated by hepatic mesoderm-derived erythropoietin under the control of RA, promotes myocardial proliferation of the ventricular wall. Epicardium-derived RA induces the expression of angiogenic factors in the myocardium to form the coronary vasculature. In cardiogenic events at different stages, properly controlled RA signaling is required to establish the functional heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Chattergoon NN, Louey S, Scanlan T, Lindgren I, Giraud GD, Thornburg KL. Thyroid hormone receptor function in maturing ovine cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2019; 597:2163-2176. [PMID: 30770568 PMCID: PMC6462488 DOI: 10.1113/jp276874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Plasma thyroid hormone (tri-iodo-l-thyronine; T3 ) concentrations rise near the end of gestation and is known to inhibit proliferation and stimulate maturation of cardiomyocytes before birth. Thyroid hormone receptors are required for the action of thyroid hormone in fetal cardiomyocytes. Loss of thyroid hormone receptor (TR)α1 abolishes T3 signalling via extracellular signal-related kinase and Akt in fetal cardiomyocytes. The expression of TRα1 and TRβ1 in ovine fetal myocardium increases with age, although TRα1 levels always remain higher than those of TRβ1. Near term fetal cardiac myocytes are more sensitive than younger myocytes to thyroid receptor blockade by antagonist, NH3, and to the effects of TRα1/α2 short interfering RNA. Although T3 is known to abrogate ovine cardiomyocyte proliferation stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1, this effect is mediated via the genomic action of thyroid hormone receptors, with little evidence for non-genomic mechanisms. ABSTRACT We have previously shown that the late-term rise in tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T3 ) in fetal sheep leads to the inhibition of proliferation and promotion of maturation in cardiomyocytes. The present study was designed to determine whether these T3 -induced changes are mediated via thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) or by non-genomic mechanisms. Fetal cardiomyocytes were isolated from 102 ± 3 and 135 ± 1 days of gestational age (dGA) sheep (n = 7 per age; term ∼145 dGA). Cells were treated with T3 (1.5 nm), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (1 μg mL-1 ) or a combination in the presence of TR antagonist NH3 (100 nm) or following short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TRα1/α2. Proliferation was quantified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake (10 μm). Western blots measured protein levels of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), Akt, TRα1/β1 and p21. Age specific levels of TRα1/β1 were measured in normal hearts from fetuses [95 dGA (n = 8), 135 dGA (n = 7)], neonates (n = 8) and adult ewes (n = 7). TRα1 protein levels were consistently >50% more than TRβ1 at each gestational age (P < 0.05). T3 reduced IGF-1 stimulated proliferation by ∼50% in 100 dGA and by ∼75% in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). NH3 blocked the T3 + IGF-1 reduction of BrdU uptake without altering the phosphorylation of ERK or Akt at both ages. NH3 did not suppress T3 -induced p21 expression in 100 dGA cardiomyocytes in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes, NH3 alone reduced BrdU uptake (-28%, P < 0.05), as well as T3 -induced p21 (-75%, P < 0.05). In both ages, siRNA knockdown of TRα1/α2 blocked the T3 + IGF-1 reduction of BrdU uptake and dramatically reduced ERK and Akt signalling in 135 dGA cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, TRs are required for normal proliferation and T3 signalling in fetal ovine cardiomyocytes, with the sensitivity to TR blockade being age-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Isa Lindgren
- Center for Developmental Health
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - George D. Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- VA Portland Health Care System PortlandORUSA
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Rajderkar S, Mann JM, Panaretos C, Yumoto K, Li HD, Mishina Y, Ralston B, Kaartinen V. Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm. Dev Biol 2019; 450:101-114. [PMID: 30940539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations are among the most common birth defects in humans. Here we show that Trim33, a member of the Tif1 subfamily of tripartite domain containing transcriptional cofactors, is required for appropriate differentiation of the pre-cardiogenic mesoderm during a narrow time window in late gastrulation. While mesoderm-specific Trim33 mutants did not display noticeable phenotypes, epiblast-specific Trim33 mutant embryos developed ventricular septal defects, showed sparse trabeculation and abnormally thin compact myocardium, and died as a result of cardiac failure during late gestation. Differentiating embryoid bodies deficient in Trim33 showed an enrichment of gene sets associated with cardiac differentiation and contractility, while the total number of cardiac precursor cells was reduced. Concordantly, cardiac progenitor cell proliferation was reduced in Trim33-deficient embryos. ChIP-Seq performed using antibodies against Trim33 in differentiating embryoid bodies revealed more than 4000 peaks, which were significantly enriched close to genes implicated in stem cell maintenance and mesoderm development. Nearly half of the Trim33 peaks overlapped with binding sites of the Ctcf insulator protein. Our results suggest that Trim33 is required for appropriate differentiation of precardiogenic mesoderm during late gastrulation and that it will likely mediate some of its functions via multi-protein complexes, many of which include the chromatin architectural and insulator protein Ctcf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Mann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Panaretos
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Ralston
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Cho KH, Kim JH, Murakami G, Abe H, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Chai OH. Nerve distribution in myocardium including the atrial and ventricular septa in late stage human fetuses. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:48-56. [PMID: 30984452 PMCID: PMC6449578 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few information had been reported on deep intracardiac nerves in the myocardium of late human fetuses such as nerves at the atrial-pulmonary vein junction and in the atrial and ventricular septa. We examined histological sections of the heart obtained from 12 human fetuses at 25–33 weeks. A high density of intracardiac nerves was evident around the mitral valve annulus in contrast to few nerves around the tricuspid annulus. To the crux at the atrioventricular sulcus, the degenerating left common cardinal vein brought abundant nerve bundles coming from cardiac nerves descending along the anterior aspect of the pulmonary trunk. Likewise, nerve bundles in the left atrial nerve fold came from cardiac nerves between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Conversely, another nerves from the venous pole to the atrium seemed to be much limited in number. Moreover, the primary atrial septum contained much fewer nerves than the secondary septum. Therefore, nerve density in the atrial wall varied considerably between sites. As ventricular muscles were degenerated from the luminal side for sculpturing of papillary muscles and trabeculae, deep nerves became exposed to the ventricular endothelium. Likewise, as pectineal muscles were sculptured, nerves were exposed in the atrial endothelium. Consequently, a myocardial assembly or sculpture seemed to be associated with degeneration and reconstruction of early-developed nerves. A failure in reconstruction during further expansion of the left atrium might be connected with an individual variation in anatomical substrates of atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Cho
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Arunamata A, Stringer J, Balasubramanian S, Tacy TA, Silverman NH, Punn R. Cardiac Segmental Strain Analysis in Pediatric Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:763-773.e1. [PMID: 30926406 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is characterized by prominent left ventricular trabeculations, often leading to myocardial dysfunction and death or heart transplantation. Although diagnostic echocardiographic criteria exist for LVNC, segmental speckle-tracking strain patterns have not been described in pediatric LVNC. The objectives of this study were to characterize segmental noncompaction, evaluate segmental speckle-tracking strain, and characterize peak strain values in children with LVNC with adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS Echocardiographic noncompaction/compaction ratios and segmental radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain were measured retrospectively in children with LVNC (January 2000 to June 2013). Segmental strain of the cohort was compared with that in control subjects matched by age and body surface area. RESULTS One hundred one pediatric patients with LVNC were included (median age 2.8 years; range, 0-19.4 years); 71 patients survived (benign group) and 30 patients did not survive or required heart transplantation (adverse group). The adverse group was younger at diagnosis (P = .03), with lower ejection fractions (P < .0001) compared with the benign group. Both groups demonstrated increased noncompaction/compaction ratios within apical segments, with significantly increased involvement in antero- and inferolateral midpapillary segments in the adverse group (P < .005). Radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain of nearly all left ventricular segments were significantly decreased in the adverse compared with the benign group and in pediatric LVNC patients compared with control subjects. Global radial (7.4 ± 9.7% vs 19.6 ± 16.5%, P < .0001), circumferential (-8.4 ± 7.0% vs -18.9 ± 6.9%, P < .0001), and longitudinal (-7.1 ± 5.2% vs -11.8 ± 5.3%, P < .0001) strain were all significantly decreased in the adverse group compared with the benign group. CONCLUSIONS Segmental radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain are decreased in pediatric patients with LVNC compared with control subjects and lowest in those with adverse compared with benign outcomes. LVNC appears to be a global disease affecting deformation in all regions, including compacted myocardial segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Arunamata
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Jesse Stringer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Theresa A Tacy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Norman H Silverman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Rajesh Punn
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Männer J, Yelbuz TM. Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Jelly in the Tubular Heart of Vertebrate Embryos. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E12. [PMID: 30818886 PMCID: PMC6463132 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The early embryonic heart is a multi-layered tube consisting of (1) an outer myocardial tube; (2) an inner endocardial tube; and (3) an extracellular matrix layer interposed between the myocardium and endocardium, called "cardiac jelly" (CJ). During the past decades, research on CJ has mainly focused on its molecular and cellular biological aspects. This review focuses on the morphological and biomechanical aspects of CJ. Special attention is given to (1) the spatial distribution and fiber architecture of CJ; (2) the morphological dynamics of CJ during the cardiac cycle; and (3) the removal/remodeling of CJ during advanced heart looping stages, which leads to the formation of ventricular trabeculations and endocardial cushions. CJ acts as a hydraulic skeleton, displaying striking structural and functional similarities with the mesoglea of jellyfish. CJ not only represents a filler substance, facilitating end-systolic occlusion of the embryonic heart lumen. Its elastic components antagonize the systolic deformations of the heart wall and thereby power the refilling phase of the ventricular tube. Non-uniform spatial distribution of CJ generates non-circular cross sections of the opened endocardial tube (initially elliptic, later deltoid), which seem to be advantageous for valveless pumping. Endocardial cushions/ridges are cellularized remnants of non-removed CJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Männer
- Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology UMG, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Talat Mesud Yelbuz
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Yang Y, Li B, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Lou X. The zinc finger protein Zfpm1 modulates ventricular trabeculation through Neuregulin-ErbB signalling. Dev Biol 2019; 446:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
112
|
Thickness and Ratio of Noncompacted and Compacted Layers of the Left Ventricular Myocardium Evaluated in 56 Normal Fetuses by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3726846. [PMID: 30809538 PMCID: PMC6364123 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3726846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thickness and ratio of noncompacted and compacted layers of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium in the normal fetus were investigated by fetal echocardiography. We aimed to investigate the compaction process of the LV myocardium during the normal gestation period and provide reference for echocardiographic diagnosis of a fetus with ventricular myocardium noncompaction. A total of 56 pregnant women in the gestational period of 23–30 weeks were included. Complete fetal echocardiography was performed with system ultrasonographic examination to exclude congenital heart malformation or extracardiac malformation. All 56 fetuses showed normal development. In the short-axis view of the fetal heart, the LV wall was divided into an upper and lower section at the level of the papillary muscle. Each section was then further divided into four segments, namely, anterior, posterior, lateral, and inferior wall. Thus, the LV wall was divided into eight segments. The thickness of the ventricular noncompacted and compacted layers and the ratio of the ventricular noncompacted to compacted layers of these segments at end-systole were measured and calculated. In echocardiography, the fetal LV myocardium is a two-layered structure: the endocardial noncompact myocardium (NC) with higher echo and the epicardium compact myocardium (C) with lower echo. The noncompacted layer is thinner than the compacted layer in the anterior wall, but thicker than the compacted layers in the posterior, lateral, and inferior wall. With respect to the upper and lower sections of the LV myocardium, the noncompacted layer in each segment of the upper section is thinner than that in each segment of the lower section, whereas the compacted layer of the upper section is thicker than that of the lower section. This study suggests that the densification of the fetal LV myocardium occurs gradually from base to apex and from the anterior to lateral, posterior, and inferior walls. This finding aids in further understanding the process of myocardial densification and provides a diagnostic reference for noncompaction of noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM).
Collapse
|
113
|
Kroneman JGH, Faber JW, Schouten JCM, Wolschrijn CF, Christoffels VM, Jensen B. Comparative analysis of avian hearts provides little evidence for variation among species with acquired endothermy. J Morphol 2019; 280:395-410. [PMID: 30667083 PMCID: PMC6590421 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammals and birds acquired high performance hearts and endothermy during their independent evolution from amniotes with many sauropsid features. A literature review shows that the variation in atrial morphology is greater in mammals than in ectothermic sauropsids. We therefore hypothesized that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy was associated with greater variation in cardiac structure. We tested the hypothesis in 14 orders of birds by assessing the variation in 15 cardiac structures by macroscopic inspection and histology, with an emphasis on the atria as they have multiple features that lend themselves to quantification. We found bird hearts to have multiple features in common with ectothermic sauropsids (synapomorphies), such as the presence of three sinus horns. Convergent features were shared with crocodylians and mammals, such as the cranial offset of the left atrioventricular junction. Other convergent features, like the compact organization of the atrial walls, were shared with mammals only. Pacemaker myocardium, identified by Isl1 expression, was anatomically node‐like (Mallard), thickened (Chicken), or indistinct (Lesser redpoll, Jackdaw). Some features were distinctly avian, (autapomorphies) including the presence of a left atrial antechamber and the ventral merger of the left and right atrial auricles, which was found in some species of parrots and passerines. Most features, however, exhibited little variation. For instance, there were always three systemic veins and two pulmonary veins, whereas among mammals there are 2–3 and 1–7, respectively. Our findings suggest that the transition to high cardiac performance does not necessarily lead to a greater variation in cardiac structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelle G H Kroneman
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaeike W Faber
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobine C M Schouten
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia F Wolschrijn
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Olejníčková V, Šaňková B, Sedmera D, Janáček J. Trabecular Architecture Determines Impulse Propagation Through the Early Embryonic Mouse Heart. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1876. [PMID: 30670981 PMCID: PMC6331446 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes are quite uniform, in contrast to the adult heart, where the specialized ventricular conduction system is molecularly and functionally distinct from the working myocardium. We thus hypothesized that the preferential conduction pathway within the embryonic ventricle could be dictated by trabecular geometry. Mouse embryonic hearts of the Nkx2.5:eGFP strain between ED9.5 and ED14.5 were cleared and imaged whole mount by confocal microscopy, and reconstructed in 3D at 3.4 μm isotropic voxel size. The local orientation of the trabeculae, responsible for the anisotropic spreading of the signal, was characterized using spatially homogenized tensors (3 × 3 matrices) calculated from the trabecular skeleton. Activation maps were simulated assuming constant speed of spreading along the trabeculae. The results were compared with experimentally obtained epicardial activation maps generated by optical mapping with a voltage-sensitive dye. Simulated impulse propagation starting from the top of interventricular septum revealed the first epicardial breakthrough at the interventricular grove, similar to experimentally obtained activation maps. Likewise, ectopic activation from the left ventricular base perpendicular to dominant trabecular orientation resulted in isotropic and slower impulse spreading on the ventricular surface in both simulated and experimental conditions. We conclude that in the embryonic pre-septation heart, the geometry of the A-V connections and trabecular network is sufficient to explain impulse propagation and ventricular activation patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Olejníčková
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Šaňková
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Sedmera
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Janáček
- Department of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Myocardial Notch1-Rbpj deletion does not affect NOTCH signaling, heart development or function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203100. [PMID: 30596653 PMCID: PMC6312338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate cardiac development NOTCH signaling activity in the endocardium is essential for the crosstalk between endocardium and myocardium that initiates ventricular trabeculation and valve primordium formation. This crosstalk leads later to the maturation and compaction of the ventricular chambers and the morphogenesis of the cardiac valves, and its alteration may lead to disease. Although endocardial NOTCH signaling has been shown to be crucial for heart development, its physiological role in the myocardium has not been clearly established. Here we have used mouse genetics to evaluate the role of NOTCH in myocardial development. We have inactivated the unique and ubiquitous NOTCH effector RBPJ in early cardiomyocytes progenitors, and examined its consequences in cardiac development and function. Our results show that mice with Tnnt2-Cre-mediated myocardial-specific deletion of Rbpj develop to term, with homozygous mutant animals showing normal expression of cardiac development markers, and normal adult heart function. Similar observations have been obtained after Notch1 deletion with Tnnt2-Cre. We have also deleted Rbpj in both myocardial and endocardial progenitor cells, using the Nkx2.5-Cre driver, resulting in ventricular septal defect (VSD), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), due to NOTCH signaling abrogation in the endocardium of cardiac valves. Our data demonstrate that NOTCH-RBPJ inactivation in the myocardium does not affect heart development or adult cardiac function.
Collapse
|
116
|
Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Understanding left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction: pathomorphologic findings and prognostic impact of neuromuscular comorbidities. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 17:95-109. [PMID: 30570401 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1561280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When >3 trabeculations associated with interventricular recesses are found, this is termed 'left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction' (LVHT). Cardiac-imaging methods detect LVHT in all ages, isolated or associated with extracardiac, especially neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Many issues about LVHT are unclear. The review gives an update about pathomorphologic findings in patients >14 years and the role of NMDs in LVHT. Areas covered: A PubMed-search for the terms "noncompaction" or "non-compaction" or "hypertrabeculation" AND "autopsy" or 'biopsy' or 'ultrastructure' or 'electron microscopy' AND 'neuromuscular' or 'myopathy' or 'neuropathy' was carried out from 1985 to July 2018. Expert commentary: Macroanatomic (n = 65), histopathologic (n = 59) and ultrastructural (n = 7) reports were found. A comparison with echocardiography was described in 45 cases. Measurements of non-compacted and compacted layer were only given from hearts investigated in short-axis cuts after formaldehyde-fixation. Endocardial, subendocardial and interstitial fibrosis were frequent findings. When LVHT-patients were systematically investigated, a NMD was found in 80%, most frequently mitochondrial disorders, Barth syndrome, zaspopathy, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. LVHT does not seem to be a special type of cardiac involvement of NMDs. NMDs affect prognosis in LVHT as well as LVHT affects prognosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stöllberger
- a 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine , Rudolfstifung Hospital , Vienna , Austria
| | - Josef Finsterer
- b Rudolfstiftung Hospital , Danube University Krems , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Shang Y, Zhang X, Leng W, Lei X, Chen L, Zhou X, Chow K, Shi Y, Dong J, Liang Z, Wang J. Increased fractal dimension of left ventricular trabeculations is associated with subclinical diastolic dysfunction in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:665-673. [PMID: 30430327 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among left ventricular (LV) concentric hypertrophy, endocardial remodeling, and myocardial deformation in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifty-three T2DM patients with normotension and 36 healthy controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess for LV concentric hypertrophy (LV myocardial mass index, LVMMi; LVMMi-to-LV end-diastolic volume index ratio, MVR), endocardial remodeling (fractal dimension of trabeculations, FD), and myocardial deformation (global longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain, systolic and diastolic strain rate). When compared with healthy controls, T2DM was associated with LV concentric hypertrophy (LVMMi: T2DM, 52.7 ± 8.9 g/m2; controls, 48.7 ± 8.4 g/m2, p = 0.032; MVR: T2DM, 0.88 ± 0.19 g/mL; controls, 0.77 ± 0.16 g/mL, p = 0.007), endocardial remodeling (max. apical FD: T2DM, 1.265 ± 0.056; controls, 1.233 ± 0.055, p = 0.008; mean apical FD: T2DM, 1.198 ± 0.043; controls, 1.176 ± 0.043, p = 0.020), and subtle diastolic dysfunction (peak longitudinal diastolic strain rate, PDSRL: T2DM, 1.1 ± 0.2/s; controls, 1.2 ± 0.3/s, p = 0.031). In the stepwise multivariable regression model, the MVR was an independent determinant of the maximum apical FD (standardized β, sβ = 0.525, p < 0.001) and mean apical FD (sβ = 0.568, p < 0.001). The mean apical FD was an independent determinant of the PDSRL (p = 0.004). LV concentric hypertrophy is an independent determinant of endocardial remodeling, a process that may contribute to subtle LV diastolic dysfunction in T2DM patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asymptomatic Diseases
- Case-Control Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/diagnostic imaging
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diastole
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Fractals
- Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- Reproducibility of Results
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Shang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Weiling Leng
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotian Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Chicago, USA
| | - Yanshu Shi
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlong Dong
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Sayed A, Valente M, Sassoon D. Does cardiac development provide heart research with novel therapeutic approaches? F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30450195 PMCID: PMC6221076 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal heart is hypoxic by comparison to the adult heart. In parallel, the cellular metabolism of the cardiac tissue, including progenitors, undergoes a glycolytic to oxidative switch that contributes to cardiac maturation. While oxidative metabolism is energy efficient, the glycolytic-hypoxic state may serve to maintain cardiac progenitor potential. Consistent with this proposal, the adult epicardium has been shown to contain a reservoir of quiescent cardiac progenitors that are activated in response to heart injury and are hypoxic by comparison to adjacent cardiac tissues. In this review, we discuss the development and potential of the adult epicardium and how this knowledge may provide future therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliqua Sayed
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Valente
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Sarcomere gene variants act as a genetic trigger underlying the development of left ventricular noncompaction. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:733-742. [PMID: 30188508 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a primary cardiomyopathy with heterogeneous genetic origins. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of sarcomere gene variants in the pathogenesis and prognosis of LVNC. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened 82 Japanese patients (0-35 years old), with a diagnosis of LVNC, for mutations in seven genes encoding sarcomere proteins, by direct DNA sequencing. We identified variants in a significant proportion of cases (27%), which were associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.012), particularly variants in TPM1, TNNC1, and ACTC1 (p = 0.012). To elucidate the pathological role, we developed and studied human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a patient carrying a TPM1 p.Arg178His mutation, who underwent heart transplantation. These cells displayed pathological changes, with mislocalization of tropomyosin 1, causing disruption of the sarcomere structure in cardiomyocytes, and impaired calcium handling. Microarray analysis indicated that the TPM1 mutation resulted in the down-regulation of the expression of numerous genes involved in heart development, and positive regulation of cellular process, especially the calcium signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Sarcomere genes are implicated as genetic triggers in the development of LVNC, regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in heart development, or modifying the severity of disease.
Collapse
|
120
|
Coronary arterial vasculature in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:769-780. [PMID: 30370501 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the coronary vascular system are likely associated with a mismatch between energy demand and energy supply and critical in triggering the cascade of events that leads to symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Targeting the early events, particularly vascular remodeling, may be a key approach to developing effective treatments. Improvement in our understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy began with the results of early biophysical studies, proceeded to genetic analyses pinpointing the mutational origin, and now pertains to imaging of the metabolic and flow-related consequences of such mutations. Microvascular dysfunction has been an ongoing hot topic in the imaging of genetic cardiomyopathies marked by its histologically significant remodeling and has proven to be a powerful asset in determining prognosis for these patients as well as enlightening scientists on a potential pathophysiological cascade that may begin early during the developmental process. Here, we discuss questions that continue to remain on the mechanistic processes leading to microvascular dysfunction, its correlation to the morphological changes in the vessels, and its contribution to disease progression.
Collapse
|
121
|
Moumne O, Chowdhurry R, Doll C, Pereira N, Hashimi M, Grindrod T, Dollar JJ, Riva A, Kasahara H. Mechanism Sharing Between Genetic and Gestational Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Anomalies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:100. [PMID: 30151366 PMCID: PMC6099185 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac development is a dynamic process both temporally and spatially. These complex processes are often disturbed and lead to congenital cardiac anomalies that affect approximately 1% of live births. Disease-causing variants in several genetic loci lead to cardiac anomalies, with variants in transcription factor NKX2-5 gene being one of the largest variants known. Gestational hypoxia, such as seen in high-altitude pregnancy, has been known to affect cardiac development, yet the incidence and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods and Results: Normal wild-type female mice mated with heterozygous Nkx2-5 mutant males were housed under moderate hypoxia (14% O2) or normoxia (20.9% O2) conditions from 10.5 days of gestation. Wild-type mice exposed to hypoxia demonstrate excessive trabeculation, ventricular septal defects, irregular morphology of interventricular septum as well as atrial septal abnormalities, which overlap with those seen in heterozygous Nkx2-5 mutant mice. Genome-wide transcriptome done by RNA-seq of a 2-day hypoxic exposure on wild-type embryos revealed abnormal transcriptomes, in which approximately 60% share those from Nkx2-5 mutants without hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia reduced the expression of Nkx2-5 proteins in more than one-half along with a reduction in phosphorylation, suggesting that abnormal Nkx2-5 function is a common mechanism shared between genetic and gestational hypoxia-induced cardiac anomalies, at least at a specific developing stage. Conclusion: The results of our study provide insights into a common molecular mechanism underlying non-genetic and genetic cardiac anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Moumne
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rajib Chowdhurry
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cassandra Doll
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalia Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mustafa Hashimi
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tabor Grindrod
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James J Dollar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Wu M. Mechanisms of Trabecular Formation and Specification During Cardiogenesis. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1082-1089. [PMID: 29594501 PMCID: PMC6164162 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Trabecular morphogenesis is a key morphologic event during cardiogenesis and contributes to the formation of a competent ventricular wall. Lack of trabeculation results in embryonic lethality. The trabecular morphogenesis is a multistep process that includes, but is not limited to, trabecular initiation, proliferation/growth, specification, and compaction. Although a number of signaling molecules have been implicated in regulating trabeculation, the cellular processes underlying mammalian trabecular formation are not fully understood. Recent works show that the myocardium displays polarity, and oriented cell division (OCD) and directional migration of the cardiomyocytes in the monolayer myocardium are required for trabecular initiation and formation. Furthermore, perpendicular OCD is an extrinsic asymmetric cell division that contributes to trabecular specification, and is a mechanism that causes the trabecular cardiomyocytes to be distinct from the cardiomyocytes in compact zone. Once the coronary vasculature system starts to function in the embryonic heart, the trabeculae will coalesce with the compact zone to thicken the heart wall, and abnormal compaction will lead to left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and heart failure. There are many reviews about compaction and LVNC. In this review, we will focus on the roles of myocardial polarity and OCD in trabecular initiation, formation, and specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Liu Y, Chen H, Shou W. Potential Common Pathogenic Pathways for the Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1099-1106. [PMID: 29766225 PMCID: PMC6093786 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular trabeculation and compaction are two essential morphogenetic events for generating a functionally competent ventricular wall. A significant reduction in trabeculation is usually associated with hypoplastic wall and ventricular compact zone deficiencies, which commonly leads to embryonic heart failure and early embryonic lethality. In contrast, the arrest of ventricular wall compaction (noncompaction) is believed to be causative to the left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the third most common cardiomyopathy among pediatric patients. After critically reviewing recent findings from genetically engineered mouse models, we suggest a model which proposes that defects in myofibrillogenesis and polarization in trabecular cardiomyocytes underly the common pathogenic mechanism for ventricular noncompaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hanying Chen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Goodyer W, Wu SM. Fates Aligned: Origins and Mechanisms of Ventricular Conduction System and Ventricular Wall Development. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1090-1098. [PMID: 29594502 PMCID: PMC6093793 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system is a network of distinct cell types necessary for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac chambers. The distal portion, known as the ventricular conduction system, allows for the rapid transmission of impulses from the atrio-ventricular node to the ventricular myocardium and plays a central role in cardiac function as well as disease when perturbed. Notably, its patterning during embryogenesis is intimately linked to that of ventricular wall formation, including trabeculation and compaction. Here, we review our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the development and maturation of these interdependent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Correspondence: Sean M. Wu, M.D. PhD., Lokey Stem Cell Building, Room G1120A, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, Phone No. 650-724-4498, Fax No. 650-726-4689,
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Abstract
This paper provides a literature review on left ventricular noncompaction (noncompact cardiomyopathy). It details the historical aspects, epidemiology, ethology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Gaisenok
- United Hospital with Outpatient Department, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Kurnosov
- Central State Medical Academy, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Berns
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Shekhar A, Lin X, Lin B, Liu FY, Zhang J, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Bu L, Fishman GI, Park DS. ETV1 activates a rapid conduction transcriptional program in rodent and human cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9944. [PMID: 29967479 PMCID: PMC6028599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid impulse propagation is a defining attribute of the pectinated atrial myocardium and His-Purkinje system (HPS) that safeguards against atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, conduction block, and myocardial dyssynchrony. The complex transcriptional circuitry that dictates rapid conduction remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that ETV1 (ER81)-dependent gene networks dictate the unique electrophysiological characteristics of atrial and His-Purkinje myocytes. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ETV1 results in cardiac conduction abnormalities, decreased expression of rapid conduction genes (Nkx2-5, Gja5, and Scn5a), HPS hypoplasia, and ventricularization of the unique sodium channel properties that define Purkinje and atrial myocytes in the adult heart. Forced expression of ETV1 in postnatal ventricular myocytes (VMs) reveals that ETV1 promotes a HPS gene signature while diminishing ventricular and nodal gene networks. Remarkably, ETV1 induction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes increases rapid conduction gene expression and inward sodium currents, converting them towards a HPS phenotype. Our data identify a cardiomyocyte-autonomous, ETV1-dependent pathway that is responsible for specification of rapid conduction zones in the heart and demonstrate that ETV1 is sufficient to promote a HPS transcriptional and functional program upon VMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Shekhar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Fang-Yu Liu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
| | - David S Park
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Rapamycin attenuates pathological hypertrophy caused by an absence of trabecular formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8584. [PMID: 29872120 PMCID: PMC5988815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac trabeculae are mesh-like muscular structures within ventricular walls. Subtle perturbations in trabeculation are associated with many congenital heart diseases (CHDs), and complete failure to form trabeculae leads to embryonic lethality. Despite the severe consequence of an absence of trabecular formation, the exact function of trabeculae remains unclear. Since ErbB2 signaling plays a direct and essential role in trabecular initiation, in this study, we utilized the erbb2 zebrafish mutant as a model to address the function of trabeculae in the heart. Intriguingly, we found that the trabeculae-deficient erbb2 mutant develops a hypertrophic-like (HL) phenotype that can be suppressed by inhibition of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling in a similar fashion to adult mammalian hearts subjected to mechanical overload. Further, cell transplantation experiments demonstrated that erbb2 mutant cells in an otherwise wildtype heart did not undergo hypertrophy, indicating that erbb2 mutant HL phenotypes are due to a loss of trabeculae. Together, we propose that trabeculae serve to enhance contractility and that defects in this process lead to wall-stress induced hypertrophic remodeling.
Collapse
|
128
|
Abstract
Ventricular myocardial development is a well-orchestrated process involving different cardiac structures, multiple signal pathways, and myriad proteins. Dysregulation of this important developmental event can result in cardiomyopathies, such as left ventricle non-compaction, which affect the pediatric population and the adults. Human and mouse studies have shed light upon the etiology of some cardiomyopathy cases and highlighted the contribution of both genetic and environmental factors. However, the regulation of ventricular myocardial development remains incompletely understood. Zinc is an essential trace metal with structural, enzymatic, and signaling function. Perturbation of zinc homeostasis has resulted in developmental and physiological defects including cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarize several mechanisms by which zinc and zinc transporters can impact the regulation of ventricular myocardial development. Based on our review, we propose that zinc deficiency and mutations of zinc transporters may underlie some cardiomyopathy cases especially those involving ventricular myocardial development defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 800 West Baltimore ST, Rm 314, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Maxwell GK, Szunyogova E, Shorrock HK, Gillingwater TH, Parson SH. Developmental and degenerative cardiac defects in the Taiwanese mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy. J Anat 2018; 232:965-978. [PMID: 29473159 PMCID: PMC5978979 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive disease caused by a decrease in levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, is the most common genetic cause of infant mortality. Although neuromuscular pathology is the most severe feature of SMA, other organs and tissues, including the heart, are also known to be affected in both patients and animal models. Here, we provide new insights into changes occurring in the heart, predominantly at pre- and early symptomatic ages, in the Taiwanese mouse model of severe SMA. Thinning of the interventricular septum and dilation of the ventricles occurred at pre- and early symptomatic ages. However, the left ventricular wall was significantly thinner in SMA mice from birth, occurring prior to any overt neuromuscular symptoms. Alterations in collagen IV protein from birth indicated changes to the basement membrane and contributed to the abnormal arrangement of cardiomyocytes in SMA hearts. This raises the possibility that developmental defects, occurring prenatally, may contribute to cardiac pathology in SMA. In addition, cardiomyocytes in SMA hearts exhibited oxidative stress at pre-symptomatic ages and increased apoptosis during early symptomatic stages of disease. Heart microvasculature was similarly decreased at an early symptomatic age, likely contributing to the oxidative stress and apoptosis phenotypes observed. Finally, an increased incidence of blood retention in SMA hearts post-fixation suggests the likelihood of functional defects, resulting in blood pooling. These pathologies mirror dilated cardiomyopathy, with clear consequences for heart function that would likely contribute to potential heart failure. Our findings add significant additional experimental evidence in support of the requirement to develop systemic therapies for SMA capable of treating non-neuromuscular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Szunyogova
- Institute for Medical ScienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Hannah K. Shorrock
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Simon H. Parson
- Institute for Medical ScienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
|
131
|
Kim KH, Nakaoka Y, Augustin HG, Koh GY. Myocardial Angiopoietin-1 Controls Atrial Chamber Morphogenesis by Spatiotemporal Degradation of Cardiac Jelly. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2455-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
132
|
Tang J, Zhang H, He L, Huang X, Li Y, Pu W, Yu W, Zhang L, Cai D, Lui KO, Zhou B. Genetic Fate Mapping Defines the Vascular Potential of Endocardial Cells in the Adult Heart. Circ Res 2018; 122:984-993. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Lingjuan He
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Yan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Wei Yu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Libo Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Dongqing Cai
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.) and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (J.T., H.Z., L.H., X.H., Y.L., W.P., W.Y., L.Z., B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; School of Life Science and Technology,
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Paun B, Bijnens B, Butakoff C. Relationship between the left ventricular size and the amount of trabeculations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2939. [PMID: 29124903 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary imaging modalities offer noninvasive quantification of myocardial deformation; however, they make gross assumptions about internal structure of the cardiac walls. Our aim is to study the possible impact of the trabeculations on the stroke volume, strain, and capacity of differently sized ventricles. The cardiac left ventricle is represented by an ellipsoid and the trabeculations by a tissue occupying a fixed volume. The ventricular contraction is modeled by scaling the ellipsoid whereupon the measurements of longitudinal strain, end-diastolic, end-systolic, and stroke volumes are derived and compared. When the trabeculated and nontrabeculated ventricles, having the same geometry and deformation pattern, contain the same amount of blood and contract with the same strain, we observed an increased stroke volume in our model of the trabeculated ventricle. When these ventricles contain and eject the same amount of blood, we observed a reduced strain in the trabeculated case. We identified that a trade-off between the strain and the amount of trabeculations could be reached with a 0.35- to 0.41-cm dense trabeculated layer, without blood filled recesses (for a ventricle with end-diastolic volume of about 150 mL). A trabeculated ventricle can work at lower strains compared to a nontrabeculated ventricle to produce the same stroke volume, which could be a possible explanation why athletes and pregnant women develop reversible signs of left ventricular noncompaction, since the trabeculations could help generating extra cardiac output. This knowledge might help to assess heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathies who often show signs of noncompaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paun
- PhySense, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Bijnens
- PhySense, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Notch signaling regulates Hey2 expression in a spatiotemporal dependent manner during cardiac morphogenesis and trabecular specification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2678. [PMID: 29422515 PMCID: PMC5805758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hey2 gene mutations in both humans and mice have been associated with multiple cardiac defects. However, the currently reported localization of Hey2 in the ventricular compact zone cannot explain the wide variety of cardiac defects. Furthermore, it was reported that, in contrast to other organs, Notch doesn’t regulate Hey2 in the heart. To determine the expression pattern and the regulation of Hey2, we used novel methods including RNAscope and a Hey2CreERT2 knockin line to precisely determine the spatiotemporal expression pattern and level of Hey2 during cardiac development. We found that Hey2 is expressed in the endocardial cells of the atrioventricular canal and the outflow tract, as well as at the base of trabeculae, in addition to the reported expression in the ventricular compact myocardium. By disrupting several signaling pathways that regulate trabeculation and/or compaction, we found that, in contrast to previous reports, Notch signaling and Nrg1/ErbB2 regulate Hey2 expression level in myocardium and/or endocardium, but not its expression pattern: weak expression in trabecular myocardium and strong expression in compact myocardium. Instead, we found that FGF signaling regulates the expression pattern of Hey2 in the early myocardium, and regulates the expression level of Hey2 in a Notch1 dependent manner.
Collapse
|
135
|
Lin W, Li D, Cheng L, Li L, Liu F, Hand NJ, Epstein JA, Rader DJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a8 is essential for cardiac ventricular compaction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:826-833. [PMID: 29337306 PMCID: PMC5785267 DOI: 10.1172/jci96993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) results from excessive trabeculation and impaired myocardial compaction during heart development. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates endocardium from myocardium plays a critical but poorly understood role in ventricular trabeculation and compaction. In an attempt to characterize solute carrier family 39 member 8-null (Slc39a8-null) mice, we discovered that homozygous null embryos do not survive embryogenesis and exhibit a cardiac phenotype similar to human LVNC. Slc39a8 encodes a divalent metal cation importer that has been implicated in ECM degradation through the zinc/metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Zn/MTF1) axis, which promotes the expression of ECM-degrading enzymes, including Adamts metalloproteinases. Here, we have shown that Slc39a8 is expressed by endothelial cells in the developing mouse heart, where it serves to maintain cellular Zn levels. Furthermore, Slc39a8-null hearts exhibited marked ECM accumulation and reduction of several Adamts metalloproteinases. Consistent with the in vivo observations, knockdown of SLC39A8 in HUVECs decreased ADAMTS1 transcription by decreasing cellular Zn uptake and, as a result, MTF1 transcriptional activity. Our study thus identifies a gene underlying ventricular trabeculation and compaction development, and a pathway regulating ECM during myocardial morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Jiménez-Amilburu V, Rasouli SJ, Staudt DW, Nakajima H, Chiba A, Mochizuki N, Stainier DYR. In Vivo Visualization of Cardiomyocyte Apicobasal Polarity Reveals Epithelial to Mesenchymal-like Transition during Cardiac Trabeculation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2687-2699. [PMID: 27926871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great strides in understanding cardiac trabeculation, many mechanistic aspects remain unclear. To elucidate how cardiomyocyte shape changes are regulated during this process, we engineered transgenes to label their apical and basolateral membranes. Using these tools, we observed that compact-layer cardiomyocytes are clearly polarized while delaminating cardiomyocytes have lost their polarity. The apical transgene also enabled the imaging of cardiomyocyte apical constriction in real time. Furthermore, we found that Neuregulin signaling and blood flow/cardiac contractility are required for cardiomyocyte apical constriction and depolarization. Notably, we observed the activation of Notch signaling in cardiomyocytes adjacent to those undergoing apical constriction, and we showed that this activation is positively regulated by Neuregulin signaling. Inhibition of Notch signaling did not increase the percentage of cardiomyocytes undergoing apical constriction or of trabecular cardiomyocytes. These studies provide information about cardiomyocyte polarization and enhance our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying ventricular morphogenesis and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Jiménez-Amilburu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - David W Staudt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Lorca R, Rozado J, Martín M. Non compaction cardiomyopathy: Review of a controversial entity. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 150:354-360. [PMID: 29173988 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous and complex entity concerning which there are still many doubts to be resolved. While the American Heart Association includes it among genetic cardiomyopathies, the European Society of Cardiology treats it as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. It may present in a sporadic or familial form, isolated or associated with other heart diseases, affecting only the left ventricle or both and can sometimes appear as a mixed phenotype in patients with other cardiomyopathies. Different forms of clinical presentation are also associated with its different morphological manifestations, and even non-compaction of the left ventricle may be triggered by other physiological or pathological processes. The purpose of this review is an update of this entity and its controversies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lorca
- Área de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - José Rozado
- Área de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - María Martín
- Área de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España; Departamento de Biología funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Towbin JA, Jefferies JL. Cardiomyopathies Due to Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Mitochondrial and Storage Diseases, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Circ Res 2017; 121:838-854. [PMID: 28912186 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The normal function of the human myocardium requires the proper generation and utilization of energy and relies on a series of complex metabolic processes to achieve this normal function. When metabolic processes fail to work properly or effectively, heart muscle dysfunction can occur with or without accompanying functional abnormalities of other organ systems, particularly skeletal muscle. These metabolic derangements can result in structural, functional, and infiltrative deficiencies of the heart muscle. Mitochondrial and enzyme defects predominate as disease-related etiologies. In this review, left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, which is often caused by mutations in sarcomere and cytoskeletal proteins and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, is discussed. In addition, cardiomyopathies resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH.
| | - John Lynn Jefferies
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Tian X, Li Y, He L, Zhang H, Huang X, Liu Q, Pu W, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhu J, Nie Y, Hu S, Sedmera D, Zhong TP, Yu Y, Zhang L, Yan Y, Qiao Z, Wang QD, Wu SM, Pu WT, Anderson RH, Zhou B. Identification of a hybrid myocardial zone in the mammalian heart after birth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:87. [PMID: 28729659 PMCID: PMC5519540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is characterized by the presence of extensive trabeculations, which could lead to heart failure and malignant arrhythmias. How trabeculations resolve to form compact myocardium is poorly understood. Elucidation of this process is critical to understanding the pathophysiology of noncompaction disease. Here we use genetic lineage tracing to mark the Nppa+ or Hey2+ cardiomyocytes as trabecular and compact components of the ventricular wall. We find that Nppa+ and Hey2+ cardiomyocytes, respectively, from the endocardial and epicardial zones of the ventricular wall postnatally. Interposed between these two postnatal layers is a hybrid zone, which is composed of cells derived from both the Nppa+ and Hey2+ populations. Inhibition of the fetal Hey2+ cell contribution to the hybrid zone results in persistence of excessive trabeculations in postnatal heart. Our findings indicate that the expansion of Hey2+ fetal compact component, and its contribution to the hybrid myocardial zone, are essential for normal formation of the ventricular walls. Fetal trabecular muscles in the heart undergo a poorly described morphogenetic process that results into a solidified compact myocardium after birth. Tian et al. show that cardiomyocytes in the fetal compact layer also contribute to this process, forming a hybrid myocardial zone that is composed of cells derived from both trabecular and compact layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Institute of Physiology The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Tao P Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Cardiology Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zengyong Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 43183, Sweden
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Caliornia, 94305, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Robert H Anderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Maskell LJ, Qamar K, Babakr AA, Hawkins TA, Heads RJ, Budhram-Mahadeo VS. Essential but partially redundant roles for POU4F1/Brn-3a and POU4F2/Brn-3b transcription factors in the developing heart. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2861. [PMID: 28594399 PMCID: PMC5520879 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects contribute to embryonic or neonatal lethality but due to the complexity of cardiac development, the molecular changes associated with such defects are not fully understood. Here, we report that transcription factors (TFs) Brn-3a (POU4F1) and Brn-3b (POU4F2) are important for normal cardiac development. Brn-3a directly represses Brn-3b promoter in cardiomyocytes and consequently Brn-3a knockout (KO) mutant hearts express increased Brn-3b mRNA during mid-gestation, which is linked to hyperplastic growth associated with elevated cyclin D1, a known Brn-3b target gene. However, during late gestation, Brn-3b can cooperate with p53 to enhance transcription of pro-apoptotic genes e.g. Bax, thereby increasing apoptosis and contribute to morphological defects such as non-compaction, ventricular wall/septal thinning and increased crypts/fissures, which may cause lethality of Brn-3a KO mutants soon after birth. Despite this, early embryonic lethality in e9.5 double KO (Brn-3a-/- : Brn-3b-/-) mutants indicate essential functions with partial redundancy during early embryogenesis. High conservation between mammals and zebrafish (ZF) Brn-3b (87%) or Brn-3a (76%) facilitated use of ZF embryos to study potential roles in developing heart. Double morphant embryos targeted with morpholino oligonucleotides to both TFs develop significant cardiac defects (looping abnormalities and valve defects) suggesting essential roles for Brn-3a and Brn-3b in developing hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Maskell
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Kashif Qamar
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Aram A Babakr
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Division of Biosciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Richard J Heads
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vishwanie S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UCL Rayne Building, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Oechslin E, Jenni R. Nosology of Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy: The Emperor Still Wears Clothes! Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:701-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
142
|
Key Questions Relating to Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy: Is the Emperor Still Wearing Any Clothes? Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:747-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
143
|
Rasouli SJ, Stainier DYR. Regulation of cardiomyocyte behavior in zebrafish trabeculation by Neuregulin 2a signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15281. [PMID: 28485381 PMCID: PMC5477525 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabeculation is crucial for cardiac muscle growth in vertebrates. This process requires the Erbb2/4 ligand Neuregulin (Nrg), secreted by the endocardium, as well as blood flow/cardiac contractility. Here, we address two fundamental, yet unresolved, questions about cardiac trabeculation: why does it initially occur in the ventricle and not the atrium, and how is it modulated by blood flow/contractility. Using loss-of-function approaches, we first show that zebrafish Nrg2a is required for trabeculation, and using a protein-trap line, find that it is expressed in both cardiac chambers albeit with different spatiotemporal patterns. Through gain-of-function experiments, we show that atrial cardiomyocytes can also respond to Nrg2a signalling, suggesting that the cardiac jelly, which remains prominent in the atrium, represents a barrier to Erbb2/4 activation. Furthermore, we find that blood flow/contractility is required for Nrg2a expression, and that while non-contractile hearts fail to trabeculate, non-contractile cardiomyocytes are also competent to respond to Nrg2a/Erbb2 signalling. Cardiac trabeculae (which are sponge-like muscular structures) form mostly as a result of cardiomyocyte (CM) delamination in zebrafish. Here, the authors identify Nrg2a in zebrafish as a key regulator of trabeculation, and atrial and non-contractile CMs also respond to Nrg2a despite not forming trabeculae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Kittleson M, Fox P, Basso C, Thiene G. Naturally Occurring Biventricular Noncompaction in an Adult Domestic Cat. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:527-531. [PMID: 28158907 PMCID: PMC5354045 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A definitively diagnosed case of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has not been previously reported in a non-human species. We describe a Maine Coon cross cat with echocardiographically and pathologically documented LVNC. The cat was from a research colony and was heterozygous for the cardiac myosin binding protein C mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Maine Coon cats (A31P). The cat had had echocardiographic examinations performed every 6 months until 6 years of age at which time the cat died of an unrelated cause. Echocardiographic findings consistent with LVNC (moth-eaten appearance to the inner wall of the mid- to apical region of the left ventricle (LV) in cross section and trabeculations of the inner LV wall that communicated with the LV chamber) first were identified at 2 years of age. At necropsy, pathologic findings of LVNC were verified and included the presence of noncompacted myocardium that consisted of endothelial-lined trabeculations and sinusoids that constituted more than half of the inner part of the LV wall. The right ventricular (RV) wall also was affected. Histopathology identified myofiber disarray, which is characteristic of HCM, although heart weight was normal and LV wall thickness was not increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.D. Kittleson
- Department of Medicine & EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | | | - C. Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPadovaItaly
| | - G. Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of Padua Medical SchoolPadovaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Haland TF, Saberniak J, Leren IS, Edvardsen T, Haugaa KH. Echocardiographic comparison between left ventricular non-compaction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:900-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
147
|
De Bartolo D, De Luca E, Arena V, Ausania F, Buja LM, Ricci P. Bifid cardiac apex and high take off: an unusual association in a case of sudden death. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:512-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
148
|
Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Hoppenbrouwers T, Miquerol L, Kosaka Y, Poelmann RE, Wisse LJ, Yost HJ, Jongbloed MRM, Deruiter MC, Brunelli L. 14-3-3epsilon controls multiple developmental processes in the mouse heart. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1107-1123. [PMID: 27580238 PMCID: PMC5065397 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3ε plays an important role in the maturation of the compact ventricular myocardium by modulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle via p27kip1 . However, additional cardiac defects are possible given the ubiquitous expression pattern of this protein. RESULTS Germ line deletion of 14-3-3ε led to malalignment of both the outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular (AV) cushions, with resulting tricuspid stenosis and atresia, mitral valve abnormalities, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We confirmed myocardial non-compaction and detected a spongy septum with muscular VSDs and blebbing of the epicardium. These defects were associated with abnormal patterning of p27kip1 expression in the subendocardial and possibly the epicardial cell populations. In addition to abnormal pharyngeal arch artery patterning, we found deep endocardial recesses and paucity of intramyocardial coronary vasculature as a result of defective coronary plexus remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The malalignment of both endocardial cushions provides a new explanation for tricuspid and mitral valve defects, while myocardial non-compaction provides the basis for the abnormal coronary vasculature patterning. These abnormalities might arise from p27kip1 dysregulation and a resulting defect in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. These data suggest that 14-3-3ε, in addition to left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), might be linked to different forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Developmental Dynamics 245:1107-1123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Deruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Brunelli
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Kodo K, Ong SG, Jahanbani F, Termglinchan V, Hirono K, InanlooRahatloo K, Ebert AD, Shukla P, Abilez OJ, Churko JM, Karakikes I, Jung G, Ichida F, Wu SM, Snyder MP, Bernstein D, Wu JC. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal TGF-β signalling in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1031-42. [PMID: 27642787 PMCID: PMC5042877 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is the third most prevalent cardiomyopathy in children and its pathogenesis has been associated with the developmental defect of the embryonic myocardium. We show that patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from LVNC patients carrying a mutation in the cardiac transcription factor TBX20 recapitulate a key aspect of the pathological phenotype at the single-cell level and this was associated with perturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling. LVNC iPSC-CMs have decreased proliferative capacity due to abnormal activation of TGF-β signalling. TBX20 regulates the expression of TGF-β signalling modifiers including one known to be a genetic cause of LVNC, PRDM16, and genome editing of PRDM16 caused proliferation defects in iPSC-CMs. Inhibition of TGF-β signalling and genome correction of the TBX20 mutation were sufficient to reverse the disease phenotype. Our study demonstrates that iPSC-CMs are a useful tool for the exploration of pathological mechanisms underlying poorly understood cardiomyopathies including LVNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gwanghyun Jung
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Foglia MJ, Poss KD. Building and re-building the heart by cardiomyocyte proliferation. Development 2016; 143:729-40. [PMID: 26932668 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart does not regenerate significant amounts of lost tissue after injury. Rather than making new, functional muscle, human hearts are prone to scarring and hypertrophy, which can often lead to fatal arrhythmias and heart failure. The most-cited basis of this ineffective cardiac regeneration in mammals is the low proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. However, mammalian cardiomyocytes can avidly proliferate during fetal and neonatal development, and both adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac muscle after injury, suggesting that latent regenerative potential exists. Dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation throughout life, deciphering why proliferative capacity normally dissipates in adult mammals, and deriving means to boost this capacity are primary goals in cardiovascular research. Here, we review our current understanding of how cardiomyocyte proliferation is regulated during heart development and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Foglia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|