101
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Fang X, Poulsen RR, Wang-Hu J, Shi O, Calvo NS, Simmons CS, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. Knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 3a alters gene expression and inhibits function of embryonic cardiomyocytes. FASEB J 2016; 30:3238-55. [PMID: 27306334 PMCID: PMC5001511 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that in utero caffeine exposure causes down-regulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in embryonic heart and results in impaired cardiac function in adulthood. To assess the role of DNMTs in these events, we investigated the effects of reduced DNMT expression on embryonic cardiomyocytes. siRNAs were used to knock down individual DNMT expression in primary cultures of mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate cell morphology. A video-based imaging assay and multielectrode array were used to assess cardiomyocyte contractility and electrophysiology, respectively. RNA-Seq and multiplex bisulfite sequencing were performed to examine gene expression and promoter methylation, respectively. At 72 h after transfection, reduced DNMT3a expression, but not DNMT1 or -3b, disrupted sarcomere assembly and decreased beating frequency, contractile movement, amplitude of field action potential, and cytosolic calcium signaling of cardiomyocytes. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the DNMT3a-deficient cells had deactivated gene networks involved in calcium, endothelin-1, renin-angiotensin, and cardiac β-adrenergic receptor signaling, which were not inhibited by DNMT3b siRNA. Moreover, decreased methylation levels were found in the promoters of Myh7, Myh7b, Tnni3, and Tnnt2, consistent with the up-regulation of these genes by DNMT3a siRNA. These data show that DNMT3a plays an important role in regulating embryonic cardiomyocyte gene expression, morphology and function.-Fang, X., Poulsen, R. R., Wang-Hu, J., Shi, O., Calvo, N. S., Simmons, C. S., Rivkees, S. A., Wendler, C. C. Knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 3a alters gene expression and inhibits function of embryonic cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Ryan R Poulsen
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - John Wang-Hu
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Olivia Shi
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Nicholas S Calvo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chelsey S Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott A Rivkees
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
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102
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Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Holzer DB, Frese KS, Keller A, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. Genotype-phenotype associations in dilated cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis on more than 8000 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 2016; 106:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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103
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Raghow R. An 'Omics' Perspective on Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:813-827. [PMID: 27499035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathological enlargement of the heart, represented by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), occurs in response to many genetic and non-genetic factors. The clinical course of cardiac hypertrophy is remarkably variable, ranging from lifelong absence of symptoms to rapidly declining heart function and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Unbiased omics studies have begun to provide a glimpse into the molecular framework underpinning altered mechanotransduction, mitochondrial energetics, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix in the heart undergoing physiological and pathological hypertrophy. Omics analyses indicate that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays an overriding role in the normal and diseased heart. Studies to date highlight a need for more effective bioinformatics to better integrate patient omics data with their comprehensive clinical histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Raghow
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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104
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Lother A, Hein L. Pharmacology of heart failure: From basic science to novel therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:136-49. [PMID: 27456554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is one of the leading causes for hospitalization in the United States and Europe, and is accompanied by high mortality. Current pharmacological therapy of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is largely based on compounds that inhibit the detrimental action of the adrenergic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems on the heart. More than one decade after spironolactone, two novel therapeutic principles have been added to the very recently released guidelines on heart failure therapy: the HCN-channel inhibitor ivabradine and the combined angiotensin and neprilysin inhibitor valsartan/sacubitril. New compounds that are in phase II or III clinical evaluation include novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, guanylate cyclase activators or myosine activators. A variety of novel candidate targets have been identified and the availability of gene transfer has just begun to accelerate translation from basic science to clinical application. This review provides an overview of current pharmacology and pharmacotherapy in chronic heart failure at three stages: the updated clinical guidelines of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology, new drugs which are in clinical development, and finally innovative drug targets and their mechanisms in heart failure which are emerging from preclinical studies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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105
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play key roles in cardiac development, differentiation, homeostasis, response to stress and injury, and disease. Human heart failure (HF) epigenetic regulatory mechanisms have not been deciphered to date. This 2-part review distills the rapidly evolving research focused on human HF epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Part I, which was published in the September/October issue, focused on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involving RNA, specifically the role of short, intermediate, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and endogenous competing RNA regulatory networks. Part II, now in the November/December issue, focuses on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involving DNA, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin conformational changes. Part II concludes with 2 examples of well-studied integrated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms: the structural and functional roles of the Mediator complex in regulating transcription and the epigenetic networked "cross-talk" regulating atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide promoter activation.
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106
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Jo BS, Koh IU, Bae JB, Yu HY, Jeon ES, Lee HY, Kim JJ, Choi M, Choi SS. Methylome analysis reveals alterations in DNA methylation in the regulatory regions of left ventricle development genes in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Genomics 2016; 108:84-92. [PMID: 27417303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main causes of heart failure (called cardiomyopathies) in adults. Alterations in epigenetic regulation (i.e., DNA methylation) have been implicated in the development of DCM. Here, we identified a total of 1828 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) using the Infinium 450K HumanMethylation Bead chip by comparing the methylomes between 18 left ventricles and 9 right ventricles. Alterations in DNA methylation levels were observed mainly in lowly methylated regions corresponding to promoter-proximal regions, which become hypermethylated in severely affected left ventricles. Subsequent mRNA microarray analysis showed that the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression regulation is not unidirectional but is controlled by the functional sub-network context. DMPs were significantly enriched in the transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) we tested. Alterations in DNA methylation were specifically enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of cardiac development genes, the majority of which are involved in ventricular development (e.g., TBX5 and HAND1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Seok Jo
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Koh
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center of Genome Science, National Research Institute of Health, Chuncheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Bae
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center of Genome Science, National Research Institute of Health, Chuncheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeong Yu
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center of Genome Science, National Research Institute of Health, Chuncheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 44033, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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107
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Boerma M, Sridharan V, Mao XW, Nelson GA, Cheema AK, Koturbash I, Singh SP, Tackett AJ, Hauer-Jensen M. Effects of ionizing radiation on the heart. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:319-327. [PMID: 27919338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of studies addressing effects of ionizing radiation on the heart. Clinical studies have identified early and late manifestations of radiation-induced heart disease, a side effect of radiation therapy to tumors in the chest when all or part of the heart is situated in the radiation field. Studies in preclinical animal models have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms by which radiation may injure the heart. More recent observations in human subjects suggest that ionizing radiation may have cardiovascular effects at lower doses than was previously thought. This has led to examinations of low-dose photons and low-dose charged particle irradiation in animal models. Lastly, studies have started to identify non-invasive methods for detection of cardiac radiation injury and interventions that may prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Altogether, this ongoing research should increase our knowledge of biological mechanisms of cardiovascular radiation injury, identify non-invasive biomarkers for early detection, and potential interventions that may prevent or mitigate these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Xiao-Wen Mao
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Gregory A Nelson
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Igor Koturbash
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sharda P Singh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Alan J Tackett
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Surgical Service, Little Rock, AR, United States
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108
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Abstract
Genetic variants contribute to several steps during heart failure pathophysiology. The mechanisms include frequent polymorphisms that increase the susceptibility to heart failure in the general population and rare variants as causes of an underlying cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries made by genetic approaches and provide an outlook onto the role of epigenetic modifiers of heart failure.
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109
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Zhou Q, Hu W, Fei X, Huang X, Chen X, Zhao D, Huang J, Jiang L, Wang G. Recombinant human neuregulin-1β is protective against radiation-induced myocardial cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:325-30. [PMID: 27150576 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of recombinant human neuregulin-1β (rhNRG-1β) in the repair of the radiation-induced damage of myocardial cells and the underlying mechanism. Rats were divided into the radiotherapy alone group, the rhNRG-1β group (radiotherapy with rhNRG‑1β treatment) and the Herceptin group (radiotherapy with Herceptin treatment), and their myocardial cells were analyzed. The morphology of the myocardial cells was observed under an optical microscope, and the expression of γ‑H2AX and p53 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Damage to the myocardial cells was identified in the three groups following radiation treatment, which was identified by cell swelling and altered morphology. The integrated optical density values of γ‑H2AX in the radiotherapy alone, rhNRG‑1β and Herceptin groups were 50.96±5.548, 27.63±10.61 and 76.12±2.084, respectively. The OD of the radiotherapy alone group was significantly higher than that of the rhNRG‑1β treated group (P<0.0001), and the value of the Herceptin group was significantly higher than that of the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). The p53 level in the rhNRG‑1β group was less than that of the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.001), and was higher in the Herceptin group compared with the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). Thus, rhNRG‑1β can ameliorate radiotherapy-induced myocardial cell injury, predominantly by enhancing myocardial cell DNA repair, inhibiting cell apoptosis and improving myocardial function. The results of this study in myocardial cells suggest that patients with thoracic cancer may benefit from treatment with rhNRG‑1β for the repair of the radiation-induced damage of myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxiong Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xuqun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Deqing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
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110
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Abstract
With the impressive advancement in high-throughput 'omics' technologies over the past two decades, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the regulatory interface between the genome and environmental factors. These mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and RNA-based mechanisms. Their highly interdependent and coordinated action modulates the chromatin structure controlling access of the transcription machinery and thereby regulating expression of target genes. Given the rather limited proliferative capability of human cardiomyocytes, epigenetic regulation appears to play a particularly important role in the myocardium. The highly dynamic nature of the epigenome allows the heart to adapt to environmental challenges and to respond quickly and properly to cardiac stress. It is now becoming evident that histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling enzymes as well as numerous non-coding RNAs play critical roles in cardiac development and function, while their dysregulation contributes to the onset and development of pathological cardiac remodeling culminating in HF. This review focuses on up-to-date knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms and highlights their emerging role in the healthy and failing heart. Uncovering the determinants of epigenetic regulation holds great promise to accelerate the development of successful new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marín-García
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Ave., Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA,
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111
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview, highlighting recent findings, of a major mechanism of gene regulation and its relevance to the pathophysiology of heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS The syndrome of heart failure is a complex and highly prevalent condition, one in which the heart undergoes substantial structural remodeling. Triggered by a wide range of disease-related cues, heart failure pathophysiology is governed by both genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as chromatin/DNA modifications and noncoding RNAs, have emerged as molecular transducers of environmental stimuli to control gene expression. Here, we emphasize metabolic milieu, aging, and hemodynamic stress as they impact the epigenetic landscape of the myocardium. SUMMARY Recent studies in multiple fields, including cancer, stem cells, development, and cardiovascular biology, have uncovered biochemical ties linking epigenetic machinery and cellular energetics and mitochondrial function. Elucidation of these connections will afford molecular insights into long-established epidemiological observations. With time, exploitation of the epigenetic machinery therapeutically may emerge with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cyndi Morales
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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112
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Papait R, Corrado N, Rusconi F, Serio S, V G Latronico M. It's Time for An Epigenomics Roadmap of Heart Failure. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:237-44. [PMID: 27006627 PMCID: PMC4765518 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150505183624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-genomic era has completed its first decade. During this time, we have seen an attempt
to understand life not just through the study of individual isolated processes, but through the appreciation
of the amalgam of complex networks, within which each process can influence others.
Greatly benefiting this view has been the study of the epigenome, the set of DNA and histone protein
modifications that regulate gene expression and the function of regulatory non-coding RNAs without
altering the DNA sequence itself. Indeed, the availability of reference genome assemblies of many
species has led to the development of methodologies such as ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq that have allowed us to define with
high resolution the genomic distribution of several epigenetic elements and to better comprehend how they are interconnected
for the regulation of gene expression. In the last few years, the use of these methodologies in the cardiovascular
field has contributed to our understanding of the importance of epigenetics in heart diseases, giving new input to this area
of research. Here, we review recently acquired knowledge on the role of the epigenome in heart failure, and discuss the
need of an epigenomics roadmap for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Nadia Corrado
- Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Francesca Rusconi
- Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy;; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IGBR), National Research Council of Italy, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Michael V G Latronico
- Cardiovascular Research, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
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113
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Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetics and obesity cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to prevention and management. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 161:52-66. [PMID: 27013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uncorrected obesity has been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Several mechanisms for this cardiomyopathy have been identified, including oxidative stress, autophagy, adrenergic and renin-angiotensin aldosterone overflow. Another process that may regulate effects of obesity is epigenetics, which refers to the heritable alterations in gene expression or cellular phenotype that are not encoded on the DNA sequence. Advances in epigenome profiling have greatly improved the understanding of the epigenome in obesity, where environmental exposures during early life result in an increased health risk later on in life. Several mechanisms, including histone modification, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, have been reported in obesity and can cause transcriptional suppression or activation, depending on the location within the gene, contributing to obesity-induced complications. Through epigenetic modifications, the fetus may be prone to detrimental insults, leading to cardiac sequelae later in life. Important links between epigenetics and obesity include nutrition, exercise, adiposity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis. Genome-wide studies have identified altered DNA methylation patterns in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from obese subjects compared with non-obese controls. In addition, aging and intrauterine environment are associated with differential DNA methylation. Given the intense research on the molecular mechanisms of the etiology of obesity and its complications, this review will provide insights into the current understanding of epigenetics and pharmacological and non-pharmacological (such as exercise) interventions targeting epigenetics as they relate to treatment of obesity and its complications. Particular focus will be on DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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114
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Radiation-induced changes in DNA methylation of repetitive elements in the mouse heart. Mutat Res 2016; 787:43-53. [PMID: 26963372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism, needed for proper control over the expression of genetic information and silencing of repetitive elements. Exposure to ionizing radiation, aside from its strong genotoxic potential, may also affect the methylation of DNA, within the repetitive elements, in particular. In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J male mice to low absorbed mean doses of two types of space radiation-proton (0.1 Gy, 150 MeV, dose rate 0.53 ± 0.08 Gy/min), and heavy iron ions ((56)Fe) (0.5 Gy, 600 MeV/n, dose rate 0.38 ± 0.06 Gy/min). Radiation-induced changes in cardiac DNA methylation associated with repetitive elements were detected. Specifically, modest hypomethylation of retrotransposon LINE-1 was observed at day 7 after irradiation with either protons or (56)Fe. This was followed by LINE-1, and other retrotransposons, ERV2 and SINE B1, as well as major satellite DNA hypermethylation at day 90 after irradiation with (56)Fe. These changes in DNA methylation were accompanied by alterations in the expression of DNA methylation machinery and affected the one-carbon metabolism pathway. Furthermore, loss of transposable elements expression was detected in the cardiac tissue at the 90-day time-point, paralleled by substantial accumulation of mRNA transcripts, associated with major satellites. Given that the one-carbon metabolism pathway can be modulated by dietary modifications, these findings suggest a potential strategy for the mitigation and, possibly, prevention of the negative effects exerted by ionizing radiation on the cardiovascular system. Additionally, we show that the methylation status and expression of repetitive elements may serve as early biomarkers of exposure to space radiation.
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115
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Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:51-79. [PMID: 26966390 PMCID: PMC4777243 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, have complex etiologies with environmental, genetic, and epigenetic contributions to disease pathology. Much effort has gone into elucidating both the genetic and the environmental risk factors for these retinal diseases. However, little is known about how these genetic and environmental risk factors bring about molecular changes that lead to pathology. Epigenetic mechanisms have received extensive attention of late for their promise of bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression. Recent studies have identified epigenetic changes that associate with the incidence and/or progression of each of these retinal diseases. Therefore, these epigenetic modifications may be involved in the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to blindness. Further genome-wide epigenetic studies that incorporate well-characterized tissue samples, consider challenges similar to those relevant to gene expression studies, and combine the genome-wide epigenetic data with genome-wide genetic and expression data to identify additional potentially causative agents of disease are needed. Such studies will allow researchers to create much-needed therapeutics to prevent and/or intervene in disease progression. Improved therapeutics will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden of disease management for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Pennington
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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116
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Chen H, Orozco LD, Wang J, Rau CD, Rubbi L, Ren S, Wang Y, Pellegrini M, Lusis AJ, Vondriska TM. DNA Methylation Indicates Susceptibility to Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Pathology and Is Associated With Chromatin States. Circ Res 2016; 118:786-97. [PMID: 26838786 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Only a small portion of the known heritability of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, can be explained based on single-gene mutations. Chromatin structure and regulation provide a substrate through which genetic differences in noncoding regions may affect cellular function and response to disease, but the mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE We conducted genome-wide measurements of DNA methylation in different strains of mice that are susceptible and resistant to isoproterenol-induced dysfunction to test the hypothesis that this epigenetic mark may play a causal role in the development of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/cJ and BUB/BnJ mice, determined to be susceptible and resistant to isoproterenol-induced heart failure, respectively, were administered the drug for 3 weeks via osmotic minipump. Reduced representational bisulfite sequencing was then used to compare the differences between the cardiac DNA methylomes in the basal state between strains and then after isoproterenol treatment. Single-base resolution DNA methylation measurements were obtained and revealed a bimodal distribution of methylation in the heart, enriched in lone intergenic CpGs and depleted from CpG islands around genes. Isoproterenol induced global decreases in methylation in both strains; however, the basal methylation pattern between strains shows striking differences that may be predictive of disease progression before environmental stress. The global correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression (as measured by microarray) was modest and revealed itself only with focused analyses of transcription start site and gene body regions (in contrast to when gene methylation was examined in toto). Modules of comethylated genes displayed correlation with other protein-based epigenetic marks, supporting the hypothesis that chromatin modifications act in a combinatorial manner to specify transcriptional phenotypes in the heart. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first single-base resolution map of the mammalian cardiac DNA methylome and the first case-control analysis of the changes in DNA methylation with heart failure. The findings demonstrate marked genetic differences in DNA methylation that are associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Chen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.).
| | - Luz D Orozco
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Jessica Wang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Christoph D Rau
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Shuxun Ren
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Yibin Wang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.)
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (H.C., C.D.R., S.R., Y.W., T.M.V.), Human Genetics (A.J.L.), Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology (L.D.O., L.R., M.P.), Medicine/Cardiology (J.W., Y.W., A.J.L., T.M.V.), and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Y.W., T.M.V.).
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Akinrinade O, Koskenvuo JW, Alastalo TP. Prevalence of Titin Truncating Variants in General Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145284. [PMID: 26701604 PMCID: PMC4689403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Truncating titin (TTN) mutations, especially in A-band region, represent the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Clinical interpretation of these variants can be challenging, as these variants are also present in reference populations. We carried out systematic analyses of TTN truncating variants (TTNtv) in publicly available reference populations, including, for the first time, data from Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). The goal was to establish more accurate estimate of prevalence of different TTNtv to allow better clinical interpretation of these findings. Methods and Results Using data from 1000 Genomes Project, Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) and ExAC, we estimated the prevalence of TTNtv in the population. In the three population datasets, 52–54% of TTNtv were not affecting all TTN transcripts. The frequency of truncations affecting all transcripts in ExAC was 0.36% (0.32% - 0.41%, 95% CI) and 0.19% (0.16% - 0.23%, 95% CI) for those affecting the A-band. In the A-band region, the prevalences of frameshift, nonsense and essential splice site variants were 0.057%, 0.090%, and 0.047% respectively. Cga/Tga (arginine/nonsense–R/*) transitional change at CpG mutation hotspots was the most frequent type of TTN nonsense mutation accounting for 91.3% (21/23) of arginine residue nonsense mutation (R/*) at TTN A-band region. Non-essential splice-site variants had significantly lower proportion of private variants and higher proportion of low-frequency variants compared to essential splice-site variants (P = 0.01; P = 5.1 X 10−4, respectively). Conclusion A-band TTNtv are more rare in the general population than previously reported. Based on this analysis, one in 500 carries a truncation in TTN A-band suggesting the penetrance of these potentially harmful variants is still poorly understood, and some of these variants do not manifest as autosomal dominant DCM. This calls for caution when interpreting TTNtv in individuals and families with no history of DCM. Considering the size of TTN, expertise in DNA library preparation, high coverage NGS strategies, validated bioinformatics approach, accurate variant assessment strategy, and confirmatory sequencing are prerequisites for reliable evaluation of TTN in clinical settings, and ideally with the inclusion of mRNA and/or protein level assessment for a definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyediran Akinrinade
- Children’s Hospital Helsinki, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha W. Koskenvuo
- Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero-Pekka Alastalo
- Children’s Hospital Helsinki, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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118
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Wende AR. Post-translational modifications of the cardiac proteome in diabetes and heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 26140508 PMCID: PMC4698356 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Decades of research has focused on altered gene expression, altered cellular signaling, and altered metabolism. This work has led to better understanding of disease progression and treatments aimed at reversing or stopping this deadly process. However, one of the pieces needed to complete the puzzle and bridge the gap between altered gene expression and changes in signaling/metabolism is the proteome and its host of modifications. Defining the mechanisms of regulation includes examining protein levels, localization, and activity of the functional component of cellular machinery. Excess or misutilization of nutrients in obesity and diabetes may lead to PTMs contributing to cardiovascular disease progression. PTMs link regulation of metabolic changes in the healthy and diseased heart with regulation of gene expression itself (e.g. epigenetics), protein enzymatic activity (e.g. mitochondrial oxidative capacity), and function (e.g. contractile machinery). Although a number of PTMs are involved in each of these pathways, we will highlight the role of the serine and threonine O‐linked addition of β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine or O‐GlcNAcylation. This nexus of nutrient supply, utilization, and storage allows for the modification and translation of mitochondrial function to many other aspects of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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119
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Fang X, Robinson J, Wang-Hu J, Jiang L, Freeman DA, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. cAMP induces hypertrophy and alters DNA methylation in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26224577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00058.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
cAMP is a highly regulated secondary messenger involved in many biological processes. Chronic activation of the cAMP pathway by catecholamines results in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; however, the mechanism by which elevated cAMP leads to cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. To address this issue, we increased intracellular cAMP levels in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, a cell line derived from adult mouse atrium, using either the stable cAMP analog N(6),2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors caffeine and theophylline. Elevated cAMP levels increased cell size and altered expression levels of cardiac genes and micro-RNAs associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), including Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Tnni3, Anp, Bnp, Gata4, Mef2c, Mef2d, Nfatc1, miR208a, and miR208b. In addition, DBcAMP altered the expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases (Tets), enzymes that regulate genomic DNA methylation levels. Changes in expression of DNA methylation genes induced by elevated cAMP led to increased global DNA methylation in HL-1 cells. In contrast, inhibition of DNMT activity with 5-azacytidine treatment decreased global DNA methylation levels and blocked the increased expression of several HCM genes (Myh7, Gata4, Mef2c, Nfatc1, Myh7b, Tnni3, and Bnp) observed with DBcAMP treatment. These results demonstrate that cAMP induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and altered HCM gene expression in vitro and that DNA methylation patterns mediate the upregulation of HCM genes induced by cAMP. These data identify a previously unknown mechanism by which elevated levels of cAMP lead to increased expression of genes associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jourdon Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Wang-Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel A Freeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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120
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Mayer SC, Gilsbach R, Preissl S, Monroy Ordonez EB, Schnick T, Beetz N, Lother A, Rommel C, Ihle H, Bugger H, Rühle F, Schrepper A, Schwarzer M, Heilmann C, Bönisch U, Gupta SK, Wilpert J, Kretz O, von Elverfeldt D, Orth J, Aktories K, Beyersdorf F, Bode C, Stiller B, Krüger M, Thum T, Doenst T, Stoll M, Hein L. Adrenergic Repression of the Epigenetic Reader MeCP2 Facilitates Cardiac Adaptation in Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2015. [PMID: 26195221 PMCID: PMC4568894 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. In chronic heart failure, increased adrenergic activation contributes to structural remodeling and altered gene expression. Although adrenergic signaling alters histone modifications, it is unknown, whether it also affects other epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and its recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Mayer
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Elsa Beatriz Monroy Ordonez
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Tilman Schnick
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Nadine Beetz
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Achim Lother
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Carolin Rommel
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Hannah Ihle
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Heiko Bugger
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Frank Rühle
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Claudia Heilmann
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Ulrike Bönisch
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Shashi Kumar Gupta
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Jochen Wilpert
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Oliver Kretz
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Joachim Orth
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Klaus Aktories
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Brigitte Stiller
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Markus Krüger
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Torsten Doenst
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Monika Stoll
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Lutz Hein
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
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Potus F, Ruffenach G, Dahou A, Thebault C, Breuils-Bonnet S, Tremblay È, Nadeau V, Paradis R, Graydon C, Wong R, Johnson I, Paulin R, Lajoie AC, Perron J, Charbonneau E, Joubert P, Pibarot P, Michelakis ED, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Downregulation of MicroRNA-126 Contributes to the Failing Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2015; 132:932-43. [PMID: 26162916 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.016382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular (RV) failure is the most important factor of both morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the underlying mechanisms resulting in the failed RV in PAH remain unknown. There is growing evidence that angiogenesis and microRNAs are involved in PAH-associated RV failure. We hypothesized that microRNA-126 (miR-126) downregulation decreases microvessel density and promotes the transition from a compensated to a decompensated RV in PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied RV free wall tissues from humans with normal RV (n=17), those with compensated RV hypertrophy (n=8), and patients with PAH with decompensated RV failure (n=14). Compared with RV tissues from patients with compensated RV hypertrophy, patients with decompensated RV failure had decreased miR-126 expression (quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; P<0.01) and capillary density (CD31(+) immunofluorescence; P<0.001), whereas left ventricular tissues were not affected. miR-126 downregulation was associated with increased Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED-1), leading to decreased activation of RAF (phosphorylated RAF/RAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); (phosphorylated MAPK/MAPK), thus inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. In vitro, Matrigel assay showed that miR-126 upregulation increased angiogenesis of primary cultured endothelial cells from patients with decompensated RV failure. Furthermore, in vivo miR-126 upregulation (mimic intravenous injection) improved cardiac vascular density and function of monocrotaline-induced PAH animals. CONCLUSIONS RV failure in PAH is associated with a specific molecular signature within the RV, contributing to a decrease in RV vascular density and promoting the progression to RV failure. More importantly, miR-126 upregulation in the RV improves microvessel density and RV function in experimental PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Potus
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Grégoire Ruffenach
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Abdellaziz Dahou
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Christophe Thebault
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Ève Tremblay
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Renée Paradis
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Colin Graydon
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Ryan Wong
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Ian Johnson
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Annie C Lajoie
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Jean Perron
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Eric Charbonneau
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Philippe Joubert
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Evangelos D Michelakis
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.).
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.P., G.R., A.D., C.T., S.B.-B., E.T., V.N., R. Paradis, C.G., R.W., I.J., A.C.L., J.P., E.C., P.J., P.P., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada (R. Paulin, E.D.M.).
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Martinez SR, Gay MS, Zhang L. Epigenetic mechanisms in heart development and disease. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:799-811. [PMID: 25572405 PMCID: PMC4492921 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal intrauterine development has been linked to predisposition to cardiovascular disease in adulthood, a concept termed 'developmental origins of health and disease'. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this developmental programming are unknown, a growing body of evidence supports the involvement of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro-RNA confer added levels of gene regulation without altering DNA sequences. These modifications are relatively stable signals, offering possible insight into the mechanisms underlying developmental origins of health and disease. This review will discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heart development as well as aberrant epigenetic regulation contributing to cardiovascular disease. Additionally, we will address recent advances targeting epigenetic mechanisms as potential therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannalee R Martinez
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Maresha S Gay
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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123
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Nührenberg TG, Hammann N, Schnick T, Preißl S, Witten A, Stoll M, Gilsbach R, Neumann FJ, Hein L. Cardiac Myocyte De Novo DNA Methyltransferases 3a/3b Are Dispensable for Cardiac Function and Remodeling after Chronic Pressure Overload in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131019. [PMID: 26098432 PMCID: PMC4476733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported altered DNA methylation in failing human hearts. This may suggest a role for de novo DNA methylation in the development of heart failure. Here, we tested whether cardiomyocyte-specific loss of de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b altered cardiac function and remodeling after chronic left ventricular pressure overload. METHODS Mice with specific ablation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression in cardiomyocytes were generated by crossing floxed Dnmt3afl and Dnmt3bfl alleles with mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the atrial myosin light chain gene promoter. The efficacy of combined Dnmt3a/3b ablation (DKO) was characterized on cardiomyocyte-specific genomic DNA and mRNA levels. Cardiac phenotyping was carried out without (sham) or with left ventricular pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Under similar conditions, cardiac genome-wide transcriptional profiling was performed and DNA methylation levels of promoters of differentially regulated genes were assessed by pyrosequencing. RESULTS DKO cardiomyocytes showed virtual absence of targeted Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b mRNA transcripts. Cardiac phenotyping revealed no significant differences between DKO and control mice under sham and TAC conditions. Transcriptome analyses identified upregulation of 44 and downregulation of 9 genes in DKO as compared with control sham mice. TAC mice showed similar changes with substantial overlap of regulated genes compared to sham. Promoters of upregulated genes were largely unmethylated in DKO compared to control mice. CONCLUSION The absence of cardiac pathology in the presence of the predicted molecular phenotype suggests that de novo DNA methylation in cardiomyocytes is dispensable for adaptive mechanisms after chronic cardiac pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Nührenberg
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg • Bad Krozingen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hammann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Schnick
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg • Bad Krozingen, Klinik für angeborene Herzfehler und pädiatrische Kardiologie, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Preißl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Core Unit Genomics für Hochdurchsatzgenetik und-genomik an der Medizinischen Fakultät Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Core Unit Genomics für Hochdurchsatzgenetik und-genomik an der Medizinischen Fakultät Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg • Bad Krozingen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Wu H, Lee J, Vincent LG, Wang Q, Gu M, Lan F, Churko JM, Sallam KI, Matsa E, Sharma A, Gold JD, Engler AJ, Xiang YK, Bers DM, Wu JC. Epigenetic Regulation of Phosphodiesterases 2A and 3A Underlies Compromised β-Adrenergic Signaling in an iPSC Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:89-100. [PMID: 26095046 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-adrenergic signaling pathways mediate key aspects of cardiac function. Its dysregulation is associated with a range of cardiac diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previously, we established an iPSC model of familial DCM from patients with a mutation in TNNT2, a sarcomeric protein. Here, we found that the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol induced mature β-adrenergic signaling in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) but that this pathway was blunted in DCM iPSC-CMs. Although expression levels of several β-adrenergic signaling components were unaltered between control and DCM iPSC-CMs, we found that phosphodiesterases (PDEs) 2A and PDE3A were upregulated in DCM iPSC-CMs and that PDE2A was also upregulated in DCM patient tissue. We further discovered increased nuclear localization of mutant TNNT2 and epigenetic modifications of PDE genes in both DCM iPSC-CMs and patient tissue. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of PDE2A and PDE3A restored cAMP levels and ameliorated the impaired β-adrenergic signaling of DCM iPSC-CMs, suggesting therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ludovic G Vincent
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Lan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karim I Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph D Gold
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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125
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Chromatin methylation and cardiovascular aging. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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126
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Butts B, Gary RA, Dunbar SB, Butler J. The Importance of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2015; 21:586-93. [PMID: 25982825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure continue to suffer adverse health consequences despite advances in therapies over the past 2 decades. Identification of novel therapeutic targets that may attenuate disease progression is therefore needed. The inflammasome may play a central role in modulating chronic inflammation and in turn affecting heart failure progression. The inflammasome is a complex of intracellular interaction proteins that trigger maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 to initiate the inflammatory response. This response is amplified through production of tumor necrosis factor α and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent evidence implicating this inflammatory pathway in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Butts
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca A Gary
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sandra B Dunbar
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Javed Butler
- Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
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127
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Greco CM, Condorelli G. Epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:488-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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128
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Sim CB, Ziemann M, Kaspi A, Harikrishnan KN, Ooi J, Khurana I, Chang L, Hudson JE, El‐Osta A, Porrello ER. Dynamic changes in the cardiac methylome during postnatal development. FASEB J 2015; 29:1329-1343. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon Boon Sim
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Antony Kaspi
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - K. N. Harikrishnan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jenny Ooi
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lisa Chang
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - James E. Hudson
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Assam El‐Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Enzo R. Porrello
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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129
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Guttmann OP, Mohiddin SA, Elliott PM. Almanac 2014: cardiomyopathies. COR ET VASA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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130
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Clinical applications of epigenetics in cardiovascular disease: the long road ahead. Transl Res 2015; 165:143-53. [PMID: 24768945 PMCID: PMC4190107 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes, defined as heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes to the DNA sequence, have emerged as a promising area of cardiovascular disease research. Epigenetic information transcends that of the genotype alone and provides for an integrated etiologic picture of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis because of the interaction of the epigenome with the environment. Epigenetic biomarkers, which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms, are both modifiable and cell-type specific, which makes them not only responsive to the environment, but also an attractive target for drug development. However, the enthusiasm surrounding possible applications of cardiovascular epigenetics currently outpaces available evidence. In this review, the authors synthesize the evidence linking epigenetic changes with cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the gap between the translational potential and the clinical reality of cardiovascular epigenetics.
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131
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Dorn GW, Matkovich SJ. Epitranscriptional regulation of cardiovascular development and disease. J Physiol 2014; 593:1799-808. [PMID: 25433070 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development, homeostasis and responses to stress in the heart all depend on appropriate control of mRNA expression programmes, which may be enacted at the level of DNA sequence, DNA accessibility and RNA-mediated control of mRNA output. Diverse mechanisms underlie promoter-driven transcription of coding mRNAs and their translation into protein, and the ways in which sequence alteration of DNA can make an impact on these processes have been studied for some time. The field of epigenetics explores changes in DNA structure that influence its accessibility by transcriptional machinery, and we are continuing to develop our understanding of how these processes modify cardiac RNA production. In this topical review, we do not focus on how DNA sequence and methylation, and histone interactions, may alter its accessibility, but rather on newly described mechanisms by which some transcribed RNAs may alter initial transcription or downstream processing of other RNAs, involving both short non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here we present examples of how these two classes of non-coding RNAs mediate widespread effects on cardiac transcription and protein output in processes for which we use the broad term 'epitranscriptional regulation' and that are complementary to the DNA methylation and histone modification events studied by classical epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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132
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Johnson MD, Mueller M, Adamowicz-Brice M, Collins MJ, Gellert P, Maratou K, Srivastava PK, Rotival M, Butt S, Game L, Atanur SS, Silver N, Norsworthy PJ, Langley SR, Petretto E, Pravenec M, Aitman TJ. Genetic analysis of the cardiac methylome at single nucleotide resolution in a model of human cardiovascular disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004813. [PMID: 25474312 PMCID: PMC4256262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic marks such as cytosine methylation are important determinants of cellular and whole-body phenotypes. However, the extent of, and reasons for inter-individual differences in cytosine methylation, and their association with phenotypic variation are poorly characterised. Here we present the first genome-wide study of cytosine methylation at single-nucleotide resolution in an animal model of human disease. We used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a model of cardiovascular disease, and the Brown Norway (BN) control strain, to define the genetic architecture of cytosine methylation in the mammalian heart and to test for association between methylation and pathophysiological phenotypes. Analysis of 10.6 million CpG dinucleotides identified 77,088 CpGs that were differentially methylated between the strains. In F1 hybrids we found 38,152 CpGs showing allele-specific methylation and 145 regions with parent-of-origin effects on methylation. Cis-linkage explained almost 60% of inter-strain variation in methylation at a subset of loci tested for linkage in a panel of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. Methylation analysis in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that in the majority of cases methylation differences in cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes were strain-dependent, confirming a strong genetic component for cytosine methylation. We observed preferential nucleotide usage associated with increased and decreased methylation that is remarkably conserved across species, suggesting a common mechanism for germline control of inter-individual variation in CpG methylation. In the RI strain panel, we found significant correlation of CpG methylation and levels of serum chromogranin B (CgB), a proposed biomarker of heart failure, which is evidence for a link between germline DNA sequence variation, CpG methylation differences and pathophysiological phenotypes in the SHR strain. Together, these results will stimulate further investigation of the molecular basis of locally regulated variation in CpG methylation and provide a starting point for understanding the relationship between the genetic control of CpG methylation and disease phenotypes. Epigenetic marks provide information that is not encoded in the primary DNA sequence itself but in modifications of genomic DNA and of the associated proteins. Methylation of genomic DNA at cytosine residues is an important epigenetic modification that is associated with developmental processes, carcinogenesis and other diseases. Genome-wide extent of, and reasons for inter-individual differences in cytosine methylation, and their association with phenotypic variation are poorly characterised. To address these questions we have determined and compared the genome-wide methylation patterns in heart tissue of two inbred rat strains, the spontaneously hypertensive rat, an animal model of human disease and a control rat strain. Comparison of methylation differences between genetically identical animals from the same strain and differences between animals from different strains allowed us to quantify association of epigenetic and genetic differences. We show that differences in an individual's germline DNA sequence are important determinants of the variability in methylation between individuals. Comparison with previous reports implicates common mechanisms for regulation of cytosine methylation that are highly conserved across species. Finally, we find correlation between a proposed blood biomarker for heart failure and variation in DNA methylation, suggesting a link between germline DNA sequence variation, methylation and a disease-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Johnson
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mueller
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martyna Adamowicz-Brice
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa J. Collins
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Gellert
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Klio Maratou
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant K. Srivastava
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Integrative Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahena Butt
- Integrative Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Game
- Genomics Core Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh S. Atanur
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Silver
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny J. Norsworthy
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- Integrative Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Integrative Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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133
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Analysis of methylation microarray for tissue specific detection. Gene 2014; 553:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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134
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Corella D, Ordovás JM. Aging and cardiovascular diseases: the role of gene-diet interactions. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:53-73. [PMID: 25159268 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study of longevity, increasing importance is being placed on the concept of healthy aging rather than considering the total number of years lived. Although the concept of healthy lifespan needs to be defined better, we know that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main age-related diseases. Thus, controlling risk factors will contribute to reducing their incidence, leading to healthy lifespan. CVDs are complex diseases influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Numerous gene variants that are associated with a greater or lesser risk of the different types of CVD and of intermediate phenotypes (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes) have been successfully identified. However, despite the close link between aging and CVD, studies analyzing the genes related to human longevity have not obtained consistent results and there has been little coincidence in the genes identified in both fields. The APOE gene stands out as an exception, given that it has been identified as being relevant in CVD and longevity. This review analyzes the genomic and epigenomic factors that may contribute to this, ranging from identifying longevity genes in model organisms to the importance of gene-diet interactions (outstanding among which is the case of the TCF7L2 gene).
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135
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Gilsbach R, Preissl S, Grüning BA, Schnick T, Burger L, Benes V, Würch A, Bönisch U, Günther S, Backofen R, Fleischmann BK, Schübeler D, Hein L. Dynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5288. [PMID: 25335909 PMCID: PMC4220495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is a highly specialized organ with essential function for the organism throughout life. The significance of DNA methylation in shaping the phenotype of the heart remains only partially known. Here we generate and analyse DNA methylomes from highly purified cardiomyocytes of neonatal, adult healthy and adult failing hearts. We identify large genomic regions that are differentially methylated during cardiomyocyte development and maturation. Demethylation of cardiomyocyte gene bodies correlates strongly with increased gene expression. Silencing of demethylated genes is characterized by the polycomb mark H3K27me3 or by DNA methylation. De novo methylation by DNA methyltransferases 3A/B causes repression of fetal cardiac genes, including essential components of the cardiac sarcomere. Failing cardiomyocytes partially resemble neonatal methylation patterns. This study establishes DNA methylation as a highly dynamic process during postnatal growth of cardiomyocytes and their adaptation to pathological stress in a process tightly linked to gene regulation and activity. DNA methylation is essential for proper gene expression, development and genome stability. Here the authors present whole-genome DNA methylation analyses of purified mouse cardiomyocytes from newborn, adult and failing hearts and find highly dynamic patterns between the three phenotypes of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- 1] Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn A Grüning
- 1] Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany [2] Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Schnick
- 1] Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] University Heart Center Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Paediatric Cardiology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Burger
- 1] Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland [2] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Würch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bönisch
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- 1] Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland [2] University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Hein
- 1] Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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136
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Hodúlová M, Šedová L, Křenová D, Liška F, Krupková M, Kazdová L, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Křen V, Šeda O. Genomic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions in the rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109983. [PMID: 25296178 PMCID: PMC4190321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma profile of major lipoprotein classes and its subdivision into particular fractions plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is a major predictor of coronary artery disease. Our aim was to identify genomic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions and lipoprotein particle sizes in the recombinant inbred rat set PXO, in which alleles of two rat models of the metabolic syndrome (SHR and PD inbred strains) segregate together with those from Brown Norway rat strain. Adult male rats of 15 PXO strains (n = 8–13/strain) and two progenitor strains SHR-Lx (n = 13) and BXH2/Cub (n = 18) were subjected to one-week of high-sucrose diet feeding. We performed association analyses of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (C) concentrations in 20 lipoprotein fractions and the size of major classes of lipoprotein particles utilizing 704 polymorphic microsatellite markers, the genome-wide significance was validated by 2,000 permutations per trait. Subsequent in silico focusing of the identified quantitative trait loci was completed using a map of over 20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In most of the phenotypes we identified substantial gradient among the strains (e.g. VLDL-TG from 5.6 to 66.7 mg/dl). We have identified 14 loci (encompassing 1 to 65 genes) on rat chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showing suggestive or significant association to one or more of the studied traits. PXO strains carrying the SHR allele displayed significantly higher values of the linked traits except for LDL-TG and adiposity index. Cholesterol concentrations in large, medium and very small LDL particles were significantly associated to a haplotype block spanning part of a single gene, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (Lrp1b). Using genome-wide association we have identified new genetic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions in the recombinant inbred panel of rat model strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Hodúlová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomíra Křenová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krupková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technôpole Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technôpole Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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137
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Wilde JJ, Petersen JR, Niswander L. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions to neural tube closure. Annu Rev Genet 2014; 48:583-611. [PMID: 25292356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm and surrounding tissues also coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and patterning. This highly orchestrated process is susceptible to disruption, leading to neural tube defects (NTDs), a common birth defect. Here, we highlight genetic and epigenetic contributions to neural tube closure. We describe an online database we created as a resource for researchers, geneticists, and clinicians. Neural tube closure is sensitive to environmental influences, and we discuss disruptive causes, preventative measures, and possible mechanisms. New technologies will move beyond candidate genes in small cohort studies toward unbiased discoveries in sporadic NTD cases. This will uncover the genetic complexity of NTDs and critical gene-gene interactions. Animal models can reveal the causative nature of genetic variants, the genetic interrelationships, and the mechanisms underlying environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Wilde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045;
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138
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Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells: new therapeutic weapons for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy? Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:809-18. [PMID: 25305679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most frequent etiology of non-ischemic heart failure. In a majority of cases the causal mechanism is unknown, giving rise to the term 'idiopathic' dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Major pathological derangements include patchy interstitial fibrosis, degenerated cardiomyocytes, and dilatation of the cardiac chambers, but recent evidence suggests that disease progression may also have the signature of cardiac endothelial dysfunction. As we better understand the molecular basis of IDCM, novel therapeutic approaches, mainly gene transfer and cell-based therapies, are being explored. Cells with regenerative potential have been extensively tested in cardiac diseases of ischemic origin in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. However, whether cell therapy has any clinical value in IDCM patients is still being evaluated. This article is a concise summary of cell therapy studies for IDCM, with a focus on recent advances that highlight the vascular potential exhibited by umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs). We also provide an overview of cardiac vasculature as a key regulator of subjacent myocardial integrity and function, and discuss the potential mechanisms of UCBMSC amelioration of IDCM myocardium. Consideration of these issues shows that these cells are conceivably new therapeutic agents for this complex and elusive human disorder.
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139
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Horvath S. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol 2014; 14:R115. [PMID: 24138928 PMCID: PMC4015143 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3665] [Impact Index Per Article: 366.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not yet known whether DNA methylation levels can be used to accurately predict age across a broad spectrum of human tissues and cell types, nor whether the resulting age prediction is a biologically meaningful measure. Results I developed a multi-tissue predictor of age that allows one to estimate the DNA methylation age of most tissues and cell types. The predictor, which is freely available, was developed using 8,000 samples from 82 Illumina DNA methylation array datasets, encompassing 51 healthy tissues and cell types. I found that DNA methylation age has the following properties: first, it is close to zero for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells; second, it correlates with cell passage number; third, it gives rise to a highly heritable measure of age acceleration; and, fourth, it is applicable to chimpanzee tissues. Analysis of 6,000 cancer samples from 32 datasets showed that all of the considered 20 cancer types exhibit significant age acceleration, with an average of 36 years. Low age-acceleration of cancer tissue is associated with a high number of somatic mutations and TP53 mutations, while mutations in steroid receptors greatly accelerate DNA methylation age in breast cancer. Finally, I characterize the 353 CpG sites that together form an aging clock in terms of chromatin states and tissue variance. Conclusions I propose that DNA methylation age measures the cumulative effect of an epigenetic maintenance system. This novel epigenetic clock can be used to address a host of questions in developmental biology, cancer and aging research.
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140
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Angrisano T, Schiattarella GG, Keller S, Pironti G, Florio E, Magliulo F, Bottino R, Pero R, Lembo F, Avvedimento EV, Esposito G, Trimarco B, Chiariotti L, Perrino C. Epigenetic switch at atp2a2 and myh7 gene promoters in pressure overload-induced heart failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106024. [PMID: 25181347 PMCID: PMC4152141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-induction of fetal genes and/or re-expression of postnatal genes represent hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling, and are considered important in the progression of the normal heart towards heart failure (HF). Whether epigenetic modifications are involved in these processes is currently under investigation. Here we hypothesized that histone chromatin modifications may underlie changes in the gene expression program during pressure overload-induced HF. We evaluated chromatin marks at the promoter regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA-2A) and β-myosin-heavy chain (β-MHC) genes (Atp2a2 and Myh7, respectively) in murine hearts after one or eight weeks of pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). As expected, all TAC hearts displayed a significant reduction in SERCA-2A and a significant induction of β-MHC mRNA levels. Interestingly, opposite histone H3 modifications were identified in the promoter regions of these genes after TAC, including H3 dimethylation (me2) at lysine (K) 4 (H3K4me2) and K9 (H3K9me2), H3 trimethylation (me3) at K27 (H3K27me3) and dimethylation (me2) at K36 (H3K36me2). Consistently, a significant reduction of lysine-specific demethylase KDM2A could be found after eight weeks of TAC at the Atp2a2 promoter. Moreover, opposite changes in the recruitment of DNA methylation machinery components (DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 MeCp2) were found at the Atp2a2 or Myh7 promoters after TAC. Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic modifications may underlie gene expression reprogramming in the adult murine heart under conditions of pressure overload, and might be involved in the progression of the normal heart towards HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Keller
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ermanno Florio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Magliulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (CP)
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (CP)
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141
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Di Salvo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Nashville TN
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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142
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Haas J, Frese KS, Peil B, Kloos W, Keller A, Nietsch R, Feng Z, Müller S, Kayvanpour E, Vogel B, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Lim WK, Zhao X, Fradkin D, Köhler D, Fischer S, Franke J, Marquart S, Barb I, Li DT, Amr A, Ehlermann P, Mereles D, Weis T, Hassel S, Kremer A, King V, Wirsz E, Isnard R, Komajda M, Serio A, Grasso M, Syrris P, Wicks E, Plagnol V, Lopes L, Gadgaard T, Eiskjær H, Jørgensen M, Garcia-Giustiniani D, Ortiz-Genga M, Crespo-Leiro MG, Deprez RHLD, Christiaans I, van Rijsingen IA, Wilde AA, Waldenstrom A, Bolognesi M, Bellazzi R, Mörner S, Bermejo JL, Monserrat L, Villard E, Mogensen J, Pinto YM, Charron P, Elliott P, Arbustini E, Katus HA, Meder B. Atlas of the clinical genetics of human dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:1123-35a. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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143
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Abstract
Heart failure has become a huge public health problem. The treatment options for heart failure, however, are considerably limited. The significant disparity between the scope of a prominent health problem and the restricted means of therapy propagates heart failure epidemics. Delineating novel mechanisms of heart failure is imperative. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation may take part in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA and histone modifications that lead to changes in DNA-based transcriptional programs without altering the DNA sequence. Although more and more mechanisms are being discovered, the best understood epigenetic modifications are achieved through covalent biochemical reactions including histone acetylation, histone methylation and DNA methylation. Connecting environmental stimuli with genomic programs, epigenetic regulation remains important in maintaining homeostases and the pathogeneses of diseases. This review summarizes the most recent developments regarding individual epigenetic modifications and their implications in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Understanding this strategically important mechanism is potentially the key for developing powerful interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian J Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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144
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Yang G, Zhu Y, Dong X, Duan Z, Niu X, Wei J. TLR2-ICAM1-Gadd45α axis mediates the epigenetic effect of selenium on DNA methylation and gene expression in Keshan disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:69-80. [PMID: 24811888 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) is a fatal dilated cardiomyopathy with unknown etiology, and selenium deficiency is considered the main cause of KD. Several observations implicate a role for altered DNA methylation in selenium deficiency-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epigenetic effects of selenium (Se) on DNA methylation and gene expression in Keshan disease. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip (MeDIP-Chip) and quantitative RT-PCR, we identified two inflammatory-related genes (TLR2 and ICAM1) that were differentially methylated and expressed between normal individuals and KD patients. Results from DNA methylation profile between KD patients and normal individuals showed that selenium deficiency decreased methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of TLR2 and ICAM1 and upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of TLR2 and ICAM1. In rat animal model of Keshan disease, selenite treatment could increase TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation, suppress these genes expression, and reduce infiltration of myocardial inflammatory cells. In cell culture model of Keshan disease, we found 5-Aza-dC (DNMT1 inhibitor) treatment in the presence of selenium-reduced mRNA and protein levels of DNMT1 regardless of TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation status and expression levels of these genes. Selenite treatment suppressed the expression of the Gadd45α, TLR2, and ICAM1 in a concentration-dependent manner, while selenium deficiency increased the expression of the Gadd45α, TLR2, and ICAM1 and decreased TLR2 and ICAM1 promoter methylation level in a time-dependent manner. Our results revealed that TLR2-ICAM1-Gadd45α axis might play an important role in gene-specific active DNA demethylation during inflammatory response in myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
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145
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Epigenetics in cardiac development, function, and disease. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:585-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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146
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Pattini L, Sassi R, Cerutti S. Dissecting Heart Failure Through the Multiscale Approach of Systems Medicine. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 61:1593-603. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2307758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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147
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders that are not explained by abnormal loading conditions and coronary artery disease. They are classified into a number of morphological and functional phenotypes that can be caused by genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. The dominant themes in papers published in 2012-2013 are similar to those reported in Almanac 2011, namely, the use (and interpretation) of genetic testing, development and application of novel non-invasive imaging techniques and use of serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. An important innovation since the last Almanac is the development of more sophisticated models for predicting adverse clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Guttmann
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, The Heart Hospital, University College London, , London, UK
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148
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Duygu B, Poels EM, da Costa Martins PA. Genetics and epigenetics of arrhythmia and heart failure. Front Genet 2013; 4:219. [PMID: 24198825 PMCID: PMC3812794 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of several pathological cardiac conditions including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. Various molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved in the development of HF. At the molecular level, the onset of HF is associated with reprogramming of gene expression, including downregulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) gene and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase genes and reactivation of specific fetal cardiac genes such as atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide. These deviations in gene expression result in structural and electrophysiological changes, which eventually progress to HF. Cardiac arrhythmia is caused by altered conduction properties of the heart, which may arise in response to ischemia, inflammation, fibrosis, aging or from genetic factors. Because changes in the gene transcription program may have crucial consequences as deteriorated cardiac function, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the process has become a priority in the field. In this context, various studies besides having identified different DNA methylation patterns in HF patients, have also focused on specific disease processes and their underlying mechanisms, also introducing new concepts such as epigenomics. This review highlights specific genetic mutations associated with the onset and progression of HF, also providing an introduction to epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA-based modification, and highlights the relation between epigenetics, arrhythmogenesis and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
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149
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Bin Raies A, Mansour H, Incitti R, Bajic VB. Combining position weight matrices and document-term matrix for efficient extraction of associations of methylated genes and diseases from free text. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77848. [PMID: 24147091 PMCID: PMC3797705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a number of diseases, certain genes are reported to be strongly methylated and thus can serve as diagnostic markers in many cases. Scientific literature in digital form is an important source of information about methylated genes implicated in particular diseases. The large volume of the electronic text makes it difficult and impractical to search for this information manually. Methodology We developed a novel text mining methodology based on a new concept of position weight matrices (PWMs) for text representation and feature generation. We applied PWMs in conjunction with the document-term matrix to extract with high accuracy associations between methylated genes and diseases from free text. The performance results are based on large manually-classified data. Additionally, we developed a web-tool, DEMGD, which automates extraction of these associations from free text. DEMGD presents the extracted associations in summary tables and full reports in addition to evidence tagging of text with respect to genes, diseases and methylation words. The methodology we developed in this study can be applied to similar association extraction problems from free text. Conclusion The new methodology developed in this study allows for efficient identification of associations between concepts. Our method applied to methylated genes in different diseases is implemented as a Web-tool, DEMGD, which is freely available at http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/demgd/. The data is available for online browsing and download.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Bin Raies
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Mansour
- Bioscience Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Incitti
- Bioscience Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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150
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Berg EL. Systems biology in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:113-25. [PMID: 24120892 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of human biology makes it challenging to develop safe and effective new medicines. Systems biology omics-based efforts have led to an explosion of high-throughput data and focus is now shifting to the integration of diverse data types to connect molecular and pathway information to predict disease outcomes. Better models of human disease biology, including more integrated network-based models that can accommodate multiple omics data types, as well as more relevant experimental systems, will help predict drug effects in patients, enabling personalized medicine, improvement of the success rate of new drugs in the clinic, and the finding of new uses for existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Berg
- BioSeek, A Division of DiscoveRx, 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 100, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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