101
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Yugawa K, Itoh S, Yoshizumi T, Yoshiya S, Takeishi K, Toshima T, Harada N, Ikegami T, Kohashi K, Oda Y, Mori M. Prognostic impact of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and its repair enzyme 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Int 2020; 70:533-541. [PMID: 32419286 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis in the setting of chronic inflammation and fibrosis, both of which promote nuclear DNA oxidative damage. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) DNA glycosylase (OGG1) enhances the repair of 8-OHdG, which is the primary oxidative stress-induced mutation that leads to malignant alterations. This study aims to clarify the relationships between oxidative stress-induced factors and HCC progression. The clinicopathological factors were compared with immunohistochemistry OGG1 and 8-OHdG expressions in 86 resected HCC specimens. High 8-OHdG expression was associated with high serum aspartate transaminase and total bilirubin levels, as well as a low platelet count, compared with low 8-OHdG expression. Histological liver cirrhosis and poor differentiation were more frequent in patients with high 8-OHdG expression than in those with low 8-OHdG expression. The 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with OGG1 expression in HCC patients. Therefore, we classified the patients into two groups, low OGG1/high 8-OHdG group and the other group. The patients with low OGG1/high 8-OHdG expressions had worse prognosis than those with the other expressions. Our results showed that low OGG1/high 8-OHdG expressions in nuclei influence HCC patient outcomes. Evaluating the patterns of OGG1 and 8-OHdG expressions might provide pivotal prognostic biomarkers in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yugawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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102
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Changed Amino Acids in NAFLD and Liver Fibrosis: A Large Cross-Sectional Study without Influence of Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051450. [PMID: 32429590 PMCID: PMC7284573 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered amino acid levels have been found in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, it is not clear whether this alteration is due to altered hepatic metabolism or insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to clarify the association among amino acid levels, fatty liver, and liver fibrosis while eliminating the influence of insulin resistance. NAFLD and liver fibrosis were diagnosed using transient elastography and subjects were divided into three groups: normal, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis. To exclude the influence of insulin resistance, the subjects were matched using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The amino acid serum levels were compared among the groups. Of 731 enrolled subjects, 251 and 33 were diagnosed with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Although significant differences were observed among the groups in the serum levels of most amino acids, all but those of glutamate and glycine disappeared after matching for HOMA-IR. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that glutamate, glycine, and HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for liver fibrosis. The altered serum levels of most amino acids were associated with insulin resistance, while the increase in glutamate and the decrease in glycine levels were strongly associated not only with insulin resistance, but also with altered liver metabolism in patients with liver fibrosis.
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103
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Ikeda Y, Murakami M, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Diet induces hepatocyte protection in fatty liver disease via modulation of PTEN signaling. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:295-302. [PMID: 32382414 PMCID: PMC7201141 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is characterized by accumulation of excess fat in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism associated with the progression of the disease has been in elusive. Hepatocellular demise due to increased oxidative stress resulting in an inflammatory response may be a key feature in FLD. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, suggesting a critical association between the PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway and FLD. In particular, PTEN has been associated with regulating the pathogenesis of hepatocyte degeneration. Given the function of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the initiation of oxidative stress, the mitochondrial antioxidant network is of interest. It is vital to balance the activity of intracellular key molecules to maintain a healthy liver. Consequently, onset of FLD may be delayed using dietary protective agents that alter PTEN signaling and reduce ROS levels. The advancement of research on dietary regulation with a focus on modulatory roles in ROS generation and PTEN associated signaling is summarized in the current study, supporting further preventive and therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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104
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Montesano A, Senesi P, Vacante F, Mollica G, Benedini S, Mariotti M, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. L-Carnitine counteracts in vitro fructose-induced hepatic steatosis through targeting oxidative stress markers. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:493-503. [PMID: 31705397 PMCID: PMC7067714 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver and involves an ample spectrum of liver diseases, ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that high fructose intake enhances NAFLD development and progression promoting inhibition of mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and oxidative damages. L-Carnitine (LC), involved in β-oxidation, has been used to reduce obesity caused by high-fat diet, which is beneficial to ameliorating fatty liver diseases. Moreover, in the recent years, various studies have established LC anti-oxidative proprieties. The objective of this study was to elucidate primarily the underlying anti-oxidative mechanisms of LC in an in vitro model of fructose-induced liver steatosis. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were maintained in medium supplemented with LC (5 mM LC) with or without 5 mM fructose (F) for 48 h and 72 h. In control cells, LC or F was not added to medium. Fat deposition, anti-oxidative, and mitochondrial homeostasis were investigated. RESULTS LC supplementation decreased the intracellular lipid deposition enhancing AMPK activation. However, compound C (AMPK inhibitor-10 μM), significantly abolished LC benefits in F condition. Moreover, LC, increasing PGC1 α expression, ameliorates mitochondrial damage-F induced. Above all, LC reduced ROS production and simultaneously increased protein content of antioxidant factors, SOD2 and Nrf2. CONCLUSION Our data seemed to show that LC attenuate fructose-mediated lipid accumulation through AMPK activation. Moreover, LC counteracts mitochondrial damages and reactive oxygen species production restoring antioxidant cellular machine. These findings provide new insights into LC role as an AMPK activator and anti-oxidative molecule in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - G Mollica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - S Benedini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - I Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
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105
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Panyod S, Sheen LY. Beneficial effects of Chinese herbs in the treatment of fatty liver diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:260-267. [PMID: 32670821 PMCID: PMC7340877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits and lifestyle directly impact general health. Consumption of fat- and sugar-rich foods and alcohol increase the risk of developing fatty liver disease. The prevalence of fatty liver disease is markedly critical, and its pathogenesis and progression are complicated. Chinese herbal medicine has been used to treat and prevent human diseases through-out history, and is a rich source of biologically active substances with unique curative properties. More recently, Chinese herbs and their extracts have been identified as a novel source of potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease. Beneficial effects of these herbal medicines mean that they can be classified as novel candidates for the treatment and prevention of both alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in place of conventional allopathic treatments. In this review, we explore the current literature related to herbal medicines used for the treatment of or protection against fatty liver diseases and describe their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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106
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Hernández A, Geng Y, Sepúlveda R, Solís N, Torres J, Arab JP, Barrera F, Cabrera D, Moshage H, Arrese M. Chemical hypoxia induces pro-inflammatory signals in fat-laden hepatocytes and contributes to cellular crosstalk with Kupffer cells through extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165753. [PMID: 32126269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is an aggravating factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effects of hypoxia in both in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD. METHODS Primary rat hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids (FFA) were subjected to chemically induced hypoxia (CH) using the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilizer cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Triglyceride (TG) content, mitochondrial superoxide production, cell death rates, cytokine and inflammasome components gene expression and protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 were assessed. Also, Kupffer cells (KC) were treated with conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vehicles (EVs) from hypoxic fat-laden hepatic cells. The choline deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA)-feeding model used to assess the effects of IH on experimental NAFLD in vivo. RESULTS Hypoxia induced HIF-1α in cells and animals. Hepatocytes exposed to FFA and CoCl2 exhibited increased TG content and higher cell death rates as well as increased mitochondrial superoxide production and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of inflammasome-components interleukin-1β, NLRP3 and ASC. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 increased in CH-exposed hepatocytes. CM and EVs from hypoxic fat-laden hepatic cells evoked a pro-inflammatory phenotype in KC. Livers from CDAA-fed mice exposed to IH exhibited increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammasome genes and increased levels of cleaved caspase-1. CONCLUSION Hypoxia promotes inflammatory signals including inflammasome/caspase-1 activation in fat-laden hepatocytes and contributes to cellular crosstalk with KC by release of EVs. These mechanisms may underlie the aggravating effect of OSAS on NAFLD. [Abstract word count: 257].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yana Geng
- Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Solís
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Torres
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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107
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Staňková P, Kučera O, Peterová E, Lotková H, Maseko TE, Nožičková K, Červinková Z. Adaptation of Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031101. [PMID: 32046101 PMCID: PMC7036817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptation of mitochondrial oxidative flux seems to be a considerable feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this work was to induce NAFLD in mice fed a Western-style diet (WD) and to evaluate liver mitochondrial functions. Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6J mice fed with a control diet or a WD for 24 weeks. Histological changes in liver and adipose tissue as well as hepatic expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes and proteins were evaluated. The mitochondrial respiration was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring lipoperoxidation, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species level. Feeding mice a WD induced adipose tissue inflammation and massive liver steatosis accompanied by mild inflammation and fibrosis. We found decreased succinate-activated mitochondrial respiration and decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the mice fed a WD. The oxidative flux with other substrates was not affected. We observed increased ketogenic capacity, but no impact on the capacity for fatty acid oxidation. We did not confirm the presence of oxidative stress. Mitochondria in this stage of the disease are adapted to increased substrate flux. However, inhibition of SDH can lead to the accumulation of succinate, an important signaling molecule associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-816-186
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Kateřina Nožičková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.S.); (H.L.); (T.E.M.); (K.N.); (Z.Č.)
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108
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Huang S, Zhou C, Zeng T, Li Y, Lai Y, Mo C, Chen Y, Huang S, Lv Z, Gao L. P-Hydroxyacetophenone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish and Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1594. [PMID: 32047433 PMCID: PMC6997130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is recognized as an important health problem worldwide, is a direct consequence of alcohol consumption, which can induce alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. P-Hydroxyacetophenone (p-HAP) is mainly used as a choleretic and hepatoprotective compound and has anti-hepatitis B, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no experimental report has focused on p-HAP in ALD, and the effect and mechanism of p-HAP in ALD remain unknown. In addition, there is no research on p-HAP in the treatment of ALD. The potential molecular mechanisms of p-HAP against acute alcoholic liver injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p-HAP alleviates ALD and to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae were soaked in 350 mmol/l ethanol for 32 h at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) and then treated with p-HAP for 48 h. We chose various outcome measures, such as liver histomorphological changes, antioxidation and antiapoptosis capability and expression of inflammation-related proteins, to elucidate the essential mechanism of p-HAP in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver damage. Subsequently, we applied pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nile red staining and oil red O staining to detect the histomorphological and lipid changes in liver tissues. We also used TUNEL staining, immunochemistry and Western blot analysis to reveal the changes in apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins. In particular, we used a variety of fluorescent probes to detect the antioxidant capacity of p-HAP in live zebrafish larvae in vivo. In addition, we discovered that p-HAP treatment relieved alcoholic hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner and that the 50 μM dose had the best therapeutic effect. Generally, this research indicated that p-HAP might reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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109
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Ægidius HM, Veidal SS, Feigh M, Hallenborg P, Puglia M, Pers TH, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Kornum BR, Blagoev B, Rigbolt KTG. Multi-omics characterization of a diet-induced obese model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1148. [PMID: 31980690 PMCID: PMC6981216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the understanding of the complex biological processes underlying the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a multi-omics approach combining bulk RNA-sequencing based transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to characterize tissue biopsies from histologically validated diet-induced obese (DIO) NASH mice compared to chow-fed controls. Bulk RNA-sequencing and proteomics showed a clear distinction between phenotypes and a good correspondence between mRNA and protein level regulations, apart from specific regulatory events discovered by each technology. Transcriptomics-based gene set enrichment analysis revealed changes associated with key clinical manifestations of NASH, including impaired lipid metabolism, increased extracellular matrix formation/remodeling and pro-inflammatory responses, whereas proteomics-based gene set enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolic pathway perturbations. Integration with single-cell RNA-sequencing data identified key regulated cell types involved in development of NASH demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michele Puglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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110
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Lee DH, Park JS, Lee YS, Han J, Lee DK, Kwon SW, Han DH, Lee YH, Bae SH. SQSTM1/p62 activates NFE2L2/NRF2 via ULK1-mediated autophagic KEAP1 degradation and protects mouse liver from lipotoxicity. Autophagy 2020; 16:1949-1973. [PMID: 31913745 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1712108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity, induced by saturated fatty acid (SFA)-mediated cell death, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The KEAP1 (kelch like ECH associated protein 1)-NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) pathway is a pivotal defense mechanism against lipotoxicity. We previously reported that SQSTM1/p62 has a cytoprotective role against lipotoxicity through activation of the noncanonical KEAP1- NFE2L2 pathway in hepatocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms and physiological relevance of this pathway have not been clearly defined. Here, we demonstrate that NFE2L2-mediated induction of SQSTM1 activates the noncanonical KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway under lipotoxic conditions. Furthermore, we identified that SQSTM1 induces ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) phosphorylation by facilitating the interaction between AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and ULK1, leading to macroautophagy/autophagy induction, followed by KEAP1 degradation and NFE2L2 activation. Accordingly, the activity of this SQSTM1-mediated noncanonical KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway conferred hepatoprotection against lipotoxicity in the livers of conventional sqstm1- and liver-specific sqstm1-knockout mice. Moreover, this pathway activity was evident in the livers of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver. This axis could thus represent a novel target for NAFLD treatment. Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; ACTB: actin beta; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CM-H2DCFDA:5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; CQ: chloroquine; CUL3: cullin 3; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; FASN: fatty acid synthase; GSTA1: glutathione S-transferase A1; HA: hemagglutinin; Hepa1c1c7: mouse hepatoma cells; HMOX1/HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NQO1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; PA: palmitic acid; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PRKAA1/2: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunits alpha1/2; RBX1: ring-box 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SESN2: sestrin 2; SFA: saturated fatty acid; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seol Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisu Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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111
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Sim WC, Lee W, Sim H, Lee KY, Jung SH, Choi YJ, Kim HY, Kang KW, Lee JY, Choi YJ, Kim SK, Jun DW, Kim W, Lee BH. Downregulation of PHGDH expression and hepatic serine level contribute to the development of fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2020; 102:154000. [PMID: 31678070 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Supplementation with serine attenuates alcoholic fatty liver by regulating homocysteine metabolism and lipogenesis. However, little is known about serine metabolism in fatty liver disease (FLD). We aimed to investigate the changes in serine biosynthetic pathways in humans and animal models of fatty liver and their contribution to the development of FLD. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis and methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis animal models were employed. Human serum samples were obtained from patients with FLD whose proton density fat fraction was estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. 3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh)-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and transgenic mice overexpressing Phgdh (Tg-phgdh) were used to evaluate the role of serine metabolism in the development of FLD. RESULTS Expression of Phgdh was markedly reduced in the animal models. There were significant negative correlations of the serum serine with the liver fat fraction, serum alanine transaminase, and triglyceride levels among patients with FLD. Increased lipid accumulation and reduced NAD+ and SIRT1 activity were observed in Phgdh-knockout MEF and primary hepatocytes incubated with free fatty acids; these effects were reversed by overexpression of Phgdh. Tg-Phgdh mice showed significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation compared with wild-type littermates fed a HFD, which was accompanied by increased SIRT1 activity and reduced expression of lipogenic genes and proteins. CONCLUSIONS Human and experimental data suggest that reduced Phgdh expression and serine levels are closely associated with the development of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Cheol Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtai Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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112
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Alpha-syntrophin deficiency protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated increase of macrophages, CD8 + T-cells and galectin-3 in the liver. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 113:104363. [PMID: 31881201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by immune cell infiltration. Loss of the scaffold protein alpha-syntrophin (SNTA) protected mice from hepatic inflammation in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet model. Here, we determined increased numbers of macrophages and CD8+ T-cells in MCD diet induced NASH liver of wild type mice. In the mutant animals these NASH associated changes in immune cell composition were less pronounced. Further, there were more γδ T-cells in the NASH liver of the null mice. Galectin-3 protein in the hepatic non-parenchymal cell fraction was strongly induced in MCD diet fed wild type but not mutant mice. Antioxidant enzymes declined in NASH liver with no differences between the genotypes. To identify the target cells responsive to SNTA loss in-vitro experiments were performed. In the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2, SNTA did not regulate pro-fibrotic or antioxidant proteins like alpha-smooth muscle actin or catalase. Soluble galectin-3 was, however, reduced upon SNTA knock-down and increased upon SNTA overexpression. SNTA deficiency neither affected cell proliferation nor cell death of LX-2 cells. In the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 low SNTA indeed caused higher galectin-3 production whereas release of TNF and cell viability were normal. Moreover, SNTA had no effect on hepatocyte chemerin and CCL2 expression. Overall, SNTA loss improved NASH without causing major effects in macrophage, hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines. SNTA null mice fed the MCD diet had less body weight loss and this seems to contribute to improved liver health of the mutant mice.
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113
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Marquardt JU, Edlich F. Predisposition to Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1421. [PMID: 31921676 PMCID: PMC6923252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most rapidly evolving cancers in the Western world. The majority of HCCs develop on the basis of a chronic inflammatory liver damage that predisposes liver cancer development and leads to deregulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways. The resulting dysbalance between uncontrolled proliferation and impaired predisposition to cell death with consecutive failure to clear inflammatory damage is a key driver of malignant transformation. Therefore, resistance to death signaling accompanied by metabolic changes as well as failed immunological clearance of damaged pre-neoplastic hepatocytes are considered hallmarks of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hereby, the underlying liver disease, the type of liver damage and individual predisposition to apoptosis determines the natural course of the disease as well as the therapeutic response. Here, we will review common and individual aspects of cell death pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis with a particular emphasis on regulatory networks and key molecular alterations. We will further delineate the potential of targeting cell death-related signaling as a viable therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Lichtenberg Research Group, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Edlich
- Heisenberg Research Group "Regulation von Bcl-2-Proteinen Durch Konformationelle Flexibilität," Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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114
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Raza S, Rajak S, Anjum B, Sinha RA. Molecular links between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:42. [PMID: 31867441 PMCID: PMC6924993 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2019.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced complication, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. In this review, we discuss the role of metabolic, gut microbial, immune and endocrine mediators which promote the progression of NAFLD to HCC. In particular, this progression involves multiple hits resulting from lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inhibition of hepatic autophagy and inflammation. Furthermore, dysbiosis in the gut associated with obesity also promotes HCC via induction of proinflammatory cytokines and Toll like receptor signalling as well as altered bile metabolism. Additionally, compromised T-cell function and impaired hepatic hormonal action promote the development of NASH-associated HCC. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Baby Anjum
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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115
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Nie ZW, Niu YJ, Zhou W, Kim JY, Ock SA, Cui XS. Thiamethoxam induces meiotic arrest and reduces the quality of oocytes in cattle. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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116
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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117
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Migliaccio V, Gregorio ID, Putti R, Lionetti L. Mitochondrial Involvement in the Adaptive Response to Chronic Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and High-Fat Feeding in a Rat Liver and Testis. Cells 2019; 8:E834. [PMID: 31387296 PMCID: PMC6721750 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our modern society, exposure to stressful environmental stimuli, such as pollutants and/or chronic high-fat feeding, continuously induce tissular/organ metabolic adaptation to promote cellular survival. In extreme conditions, cellular death and tissular/organ damage occur. Mitochondria, as a cellular energy source, seem to play an important role in facing cellular stress induced by these environmental stimuli. On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in environmental stress-induced metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the combined effect of simultaneous exposure to chronic high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants on metabolic alterations at a tissular and cellular level, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induction. Our research group recently addressed this topic by analysing the effect of chronic exposure to a non-toxic dose of the environmental pollutant dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) associated with high-fat feeding in male Wistar rats. In this review, we mainly summarize our recent findings on mitochondrial adaptive response and oxidative stress induction in the liver, the main tissue involved in fat metabolism and pollutant detoxification, and in male gonads, the main targets of endocrine disruption induced by both high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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118
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Morais Mewes J, Rodrigues Silva Gasparin F, Yoshida T, Amâncio Daniel da Silva M, Raquel Marçal Natali M, Francisco Veiga Bizerra P, Sayuri Utsunomiya K, Hideo Gilglioni E, Shigueaki Mito M, Cristiane Mantovanelli G, Thais Lima de Souza B, Makiyama Klosowski E, Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto E, Constantin J, Polimeni Constantin R. The Role of Mitochondria in Sex-Dependent Differences in Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Response to Cafeteria Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1618. [PMID: 31315289 PMCID: PMC6682896 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Female mice fed a cafeteria diet (FCaf) develop higher liver steatosis and oxidative stress than males (MCaf) as a consequence of unresolved ER stress. Here, we investigated whether mitochondria play a role in this sex difference. The isolated mitochondria from FCaf showed more signs of oxidative stress than those of MCaf, correlated with a reduced content of GSH, increased amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lower activities of enzymes involved in ROS neutralisation. Mitochondria from FCaf and MCaf livers exhibited lower rates of succinate-driven state III respiration and reduced ATPase activity in intact coupled mitochondria compared to their controls fed a standard diet (FC and MC), with no differences between the sexes. Fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes was higher in MCaf and FCaf compared to their respective controls. In the intact perfused liver, there was no difference between sex or diet regarding the fatty acid oxidation rate. These results indicated that cafeteria diet did not affect mitochondrial energy metabolism, even in FCaf livers, which have higher steatosis and cellular oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the increase in mitochondrial ROS generation associated with a decrease in the antioxidant defence capacity, probably contributes to inducing or reinforcing the ER stress in FCaf livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Morais Mewes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rodrigues Silva Gasparin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Amâncio Daniel da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Marçal Natali
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina Sayuri Utsunomiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hideo Gilglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristiane Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jorgete Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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Solsona-Vilarrasa E, Fucho R, Torres S, Nuñez S, Nuño-Lámbarri N, Enrich C, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Cholesterol enrichment in liver mitochondria impairs oxidative phosphorylation and disrupts the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101214. [PMID: 31108462 PMCID: PMC6526464 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation is a hallmark of alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and impairs the function of specific solute carriers through changes in membrane physical properties. However, its impact on mitochondrial respiration and organization of respiratory supercomplexes has not been determined so far. Here we fed mice a cholesterol-enriched diet (HC) supplemented with sodium cholate to examine the effect of cholesterol in mitochondrial function. HC feeding increased liver cholesterol content, which downregulated Srebp2 and Hmgcr expression, while sodium cholate administration decreased Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 mRNA levels, suggesting the downregulation of bile acid synthesis through the classical pathway. HC-fed mice exhibited increased expression of Stard1 and Mln64 and enhanced mitochondrial free cholesterol levels (2–3 fold), leading to decreased membrane fluidity. Mitochondria from HC-fed mice displayed increased cholesterol loading in both outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Cholesterol loading decreased complex I and complex II-driven state 3 respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Decreased respiratory and uncoupling control ratio from complex I was also observed after in situ enrichment of mouse liver mitochondria with cholesterol or enantiomer cholesterol, the mirror image of natural cholesterol. Moreover, in vivo cholesterol loading decreased the level of complex III2 and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes I1+III2+IV and I1+III2. Moreover, HC feeding caused oxidative stress and mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) depletion, which translated in hepatic steatosis and liver injury, effects that were rescued by replenishing mGSH with GSH ethyl ester. Overall, mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation disrupts mitochondrial functional performance and the organization of respiratory supercomplexes assembly, which can contribute to oxidative stress and liver injury. Hepatic mitochondrial cholesterol enrichment impairs oxidative phosphorylation. Cholesterol accumulation perturbs mitochondrial membrane physical properties and morphology. Cholesterol loading disrupts the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes. In vivo mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation induces liver injury, which is prevented by GSH ethyl ester administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Solsona-Vilarrasa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain
| | - Raquel Fucho
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Traslational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; (e)Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; (e)Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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120
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Zhou J, Wang T, Wang H, Jiang Y, Peng S. Obacunone attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative damage in NRK-52E cells by inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:226-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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