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Vinayagam R, Xu B. Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: a cellular mechanism review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:60. [PMID: 26705405 PMCID: PMC4690284 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural food products have been used for combating human diseases for thousands of years. Naturally occurring flavonoids including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones and anthocyanidins have been proposed as effective supplements for management and prevention of diabetes and its long-term complications based on in vitro and animal models. Aim To summarize the roles of dietary flavonoids in diabetes management and their molecular mechanisms. Findings Tremendous studies have found that flavonoids originated from foods could improve glucose metabolism, lipid profile, regulating the hormones and enzymes in human body, further protecting human being from diseases like obesity, diabetes and their complications. Conclusion In the current review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the biological action, mechanism and therapeutic potential of the dietary flavonoids and its subsequent clinical outcomes in the field of drug discovery in management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 28, Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519085 China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 28, Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519085 China
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102
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Srinivas Raghavan B, Kondath S, Anantanarayanan R, Rajaram R. Kaempferol mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cancer cell line. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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103
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Lin F, Luo X, Tsun A, Li Z, Li D, Li B. Kaempferol enhances the suppressive function of Treg cells by inhibiting FOXP3 phosphorylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:859-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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104
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Therapeutic potential of digitoflavone on diabetic nephropathy: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26205695 PMCID: PMC4513300 DOI: 10.1038/srep12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a therapeutic target in many diseases, because it can induce antioxidant enzymes and other cytoprotective enzymes. Moreover, some Nrf2 activators have strong anti-inflammatory activities. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major components involved in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we evaluated the Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of digitoflavone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. The molecular mechanisms of digitoflavone were investigated in vitro using SV40-transformed mouse mesangial cells (SV40-Mes13). For the in vivo experiment, diabetes was induced in Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice by STZ injection, and digitoflavone was administered 2 weeks after the STZ injection. Digitoflavone induced Nrf2 activation and decreased oxidative damage, inflammation, TGF-β1 expression, extracellular matrix protein expression, and mesangial cell hyperplasia in SV40-Mes13 cells. Digitoflavone-treated Nrf2+/+ mice, but not Nrf2-/- mice, showed attenuated common metabolic disorder symptoms, improved renal performance, minimized pathological alterations, and decreased oxidative damage, inflammatory gene expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, TGF-β1 expression, and extracellular matrix protein expression. Our results show that the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of digitoflavone are mediated by Nrf2 activation and that digitoflavone can be used therapeutically to improve metabolic disorders and relieve renal damage induced by diabetes.
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105
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Protective Effects of Kaempferol against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Heart via Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:481405. [PMID: 26265983 PMCID: PMC4525766 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of kaempferol against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Method. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and its maximum up/down rate (±dp/dtmax) were recorded as myocardial function. Infarct size was detected with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, total glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), phospho-GSK-3β (P-GSK-3β), precaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytoplasm cytochrome C were assayed using Western blot analysis. Results. Pretreatment with kaempferol significantly improved the recovery of LVDP and ±dp/dtmax, as well as increased the levels of SOD and P-GSK-3β and GSH/GSSG ratio. However, the pretreatment reduced myocardial infarct size and TUNEL-positive cell rate, as well as decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cytoplasm cytochrome C, CK, LDH, MDA, and TNF-α. Conclusion. These results suggested that kaempferol provides cardioprotection via antioxidant activity and inhibition of GSK-3β activity in rats with I/R.
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106
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Qu XL, Fang Y, Zhang M, Zhang YZ. Phytoestrogen intake and risk of ovarian cancer: a meta- analysis of 10 observational studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9085-91. [PMID: 25422183 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology studies have shown an inconclusive relationship between phytoestrogen intake and ovarian cancer risk and there have been no relevant meta-analyses directly regarding this topic. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was therefore to investigate any association between phytoestrogen intake and ovarian cancer in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Database (up to April 2014) using common keywords for studies that focused on phytoestrogen and ovarian cancer risk. Study-specific risk estimates (RRs) were pooled using fixed effect or random-effect models. RESULTS Ten epidemiologic studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The total results indicated higher phytoestrogen intake was associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk (RR, 0.70; 95%CI: 0.56-0.87). The association was similar in sensitivity analysis. Meta regression analysis demonstrated sources and possibly types and regions as heterogeneous factors. Subgroup analysis of types, sources and regions showed that isoflavones (RR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.46, 0.86), soy foods (RR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.68) and an Asian diet (RR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.63) intake could reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show possible protection by phytoestrogens against ovarian cancer. We emphasize specific phytoestrogens from soy foods, but not all could reduce the risk. The habit of plentiful phytoestrogen intake by Asians is worthy to recommendation. However, we still need additional larger well designed observational studies to fully characterize underlying associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lan Qu
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China E-mail :
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Patel S, Vajdy M. Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1411-28. [PMID: 26185959 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A detailed study of reports on the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin A and select flavonoids may pave the way for using these natural compounds or compounds with similar structures in novel drug and vaccine designs against infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancers. AREAS COVERED Intracellular transduction pathways, cellular differentiation and functional immunomodulatory responses have been reviewed. The reported studies encompass in vitro, in vivo preclinical and clinical studies that address the role of vitamin A and select flavonoids in induction of innate and adaptive B- and T-cell responses, including TH1, TH2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). EXPERT OPINION While the immunomodulatory role of vitamin A, and related compounds, is well-established in many preclinical studies, its role in humans has begun to gain wider acceptance. In contrast, the role of flavonoids is mostly controversial in clinical trials, due to the diversity of the various classes of these compounds, and possibly due to the purity and the selected doses of the compounds. However, current preclinical and clinical studies warrant further detailed studies of these promising immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Patel
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael Vajdy
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Busch C, Burkard M, Leischner C, Lauer UM, Frank J, Venturelli S. Epigenetic activities of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:64. [PMID: 26161152 PMCID: PMC4497414 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are described in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. The general reversibility of epigenetic changes makes them an attractive and promising target e.g. in the treatment of cancer. Thus, a growing number of epigenetically active compounds are currently tested in clinical trials for their therapeutic potential. Interestingly, many phytochemicals present in plant foods, particularly flavonoids, are suggested to be able to alter epigenetic cellular mechanisms. Flavonoids are natural phenol compounds that form a large group of secondary plant metabolites with interesting biological activities. They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. High dietary flavonoid intake has strongly been suggested to reduce the risk of numerous cancer entities in a large body of epidemiological studies. Established health-promoting effects of diets rich in fruit and vegetables are faced by efforts to use purified flavonoids as supplements or pharmaceuticals, whereupon data on the latter applications remain controversial. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of current research on flavonoids to further elucidate their potential in cancer prevention and therapy, thereby focusing on their distinct epigenetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Busch
- Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Dietary Antioxidant and Flavonoid Intakes Are Reduced in the Elderly. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:843173. [PMID: 26236427 PMCID: PMC4510260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine sources and patterns of antioxidant and flavonoid intakes in the elderly (61–74 yrs) in comparison with young (20–40 yrs) and middle age (41–60 yrs) groups in a cross-sectional study. More than 6000 subjects of both genders, aged 20–74 years, participants of the National Multicenter Health Survey (WOBASZ) took part in this study. Daily food consumption was estimated by the single 24-hour dietary recall. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and flavonoid content (FC) were calculated according to the amount of food consumed by the participants combined with antioxidant capacity and flavonoid contents in foods. Food consumption, dietary TAC, and FC were significantly lower in the elderly, especially elderly women in comparison to the young and middle age groups. The consumption of tea, coffee, and apples was associated with the largest contribution to dietary TAC and FC in all participants. Despite high nutrient density of the energy-adjusted diet of ageing people, the elderly consumed the lowest amounts of antioxidants and flavonoids due to the lowest food intake.
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Pandurangan AK, Esa NM. Luteolin, a bioflavonoid inhibits colorectal cancer through modulation of multiple signaling pathways: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5501-8. [PMID: 25081655 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, 3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, belongs to a group of naturally occurring compounds called flavonoids that are found widely in the plant kingdom. It possesses many beneficial properties including antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative actions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Many signaling pathways are deregulated during the progression of colon cancer. In this review we aimed to analyze the protection offered by luteolin on colon cancer. During colon cancer genesis, luteolin known to reduce oxidative stress thereby protects the cell to undergo damage in vivo. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, deregulated during neoplastic development, is modified by luteolin. Hence, luteolin can be considered as a potential drug to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail :
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111
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Rafacho BPM, Stice CP, Liu C, Greenberg AS, Ausman LM, Wang XD. Inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-initiated alcohol-promoted hepatic inflammation and precancerous lesions by flavonoid luteolin is associated with increased sirtuin 1 activity in mice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:124-34. [PMID: 26005679 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk for hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin is one of the most common flavonoids present in plants and has potential beneficial effects against cancer. In this study, we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of luteolin supplementation in a carcinogen initiated alcohol-promoted pre-neoplastic liver lesion mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) [i.p. 25 mg/kg of body weight (BW)] at 14 days of age. At 8 weeks of age mice were group pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid control diet or alcoholic diet [ethanol (EtOH) diet, 27% total energy from ethanol] and supplemented with a dose of 30 mg luteolin/kg BW per day for 21 days. RESULTS DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet displayed a significant induction of pre-neoplastic lesions, a marker associated with presence of steatosis and inflammation. Dietary luteolin significantly reduced the severity and incidence of hepatic inflammatory foci and steatosis in DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet, as well the presence of preneoplastic lesions. There was no difference on hepatic protein levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) among all groups; however, luteolin supplementation significantly reversed alcohol-reduced SIRT1 activity assessed by the ratio of acetylated and total forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) and SIRT1 target proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of luteolin prevents alcohol promoted pre-neoplastic lesions, potentially mediated by SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camilla Peach Stice
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Lerman JS, Haslem J, Kim L, Ponderelli J, Ma M, Felson R, Sanderson K, Murphy K, Hopkins K, Wright E, Frankel F, Edelstein S. Collected Research on Phytonutrients: Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2015.1015666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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113
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Wu LY, Lu HF, Chou YC, Shih YL, Bau DT, Chen JC, Hsu SC, Chung JG. Kaempferol induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair associated protein expressions in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:365-82. [PMID: 25779644 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences have shown that plant flavonoids (naturally occurring substances) have been reported to have chemopreventive activities and protect against experimental carcinogenesis. Kaempferol, one of the flavonoids, is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and may have cancer chemopreventive properties. However, the precise underlying mechanism regarding induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair system are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether kaempferol induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair associated protein expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. Percentages of viable cells were measured via a flow cytometry assay. DNA damage was examined by Comet assay and DAPI staining. DNA fragmentation (ladder) was examined by DNA gel electrophoresis. The changes of protein levels associated with DNA repair were examined by Western blotting. Results showed that kaempferol dose-dependently decreased the viable cells. Comet assay indicated that kaempferol induced DNA damage (Comet tail) in a dose-dependent manner and DAPI staining also showed increased doses of kaempferol which led to increased DNA condensation, these effects are all of dose-dependent manners. Western blotting indicated that kaempferol-decreased protein expression associated with DNA repair system, such as phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM), phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (p-ATR), 14-3-3 proteins sigma (14-3-3σ), DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 and MDC1 protein expressions, but increased the protein expression of p-p53 and p-H2AX. Protein translocation was examined by confocal laser microscopy, and we found that kaempferol increased the levels of p-H2AX and p-p53 in HL-60 cells. Taken together, in the present study, we found that kaempferol induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair and inhibited DNA repair associated protein expression in HL-60 cells, which may be the factors for kaempferol induced cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yuan Wu
- I-Shou University, The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Samieri C, Sun Q, Townsend MK, Rimm EB, Grodstein F. Dietary flavonoid intake at midlife and healthy aging in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1489-97. [PMID: 25411284 PMCID: PMC4232017 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.085605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary flavonoids have been related to lower risks of various chronic diseases, but it is unclear whether flavonoid intake in midlife helps to maintain good health and wellbeing in aging. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation of flavonoid intake in midlife with the prevalence of healthy aging. DESIGN We included 13,818 women from the Nurses' Health Study with dietary data and no major chronic diseases in 1984-1986 when they were aged in their late 50s (median age: 59 y); all women provided information on multiple aspects of aging an average of 15 y later. Intakes of 6 major flavonoid subclasses in midlife were ascertained on the basis of averaged intakes of flavonoid-rich foods from 2 food-frequency questionnaires (1984-1986). We defined healthy compared with usual aging as of age 70 y; healthy aging was based on survival to ≥70 y with maintenance of 4 health domains (no major chronic diseases or major impairments in cognitive or physical function or mental health). RESULTS Of women who survived until ≥70 y of age, 1517 women (11.0%) met our criteria for healthy aging. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of intake, women in the highest quintile of intake of several flavonoid subclasses at midlife had greater odds of healthy aging. After multivariable adjustment, ORs were as follows: flavones, 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.58); flavanone, 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.53); anthocyanin, 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.50); and flavonol, 1.18 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.42) (all P-trend ≤ 0.02). Consistently, greater intakes of major sources of these flavonoids (i.e., oranges, berries, onions, and apples) were associated with increased odds of healthy aging. We showed no association with flavan-3-ol monomers (P-trend = 0.80) or polymers (P-trend = 0.63). CONCLUSION Higher intake of flavonoids at midlife, specifically flavones, flavanones, anthocyanins, and flavonols, is associated with greater likelihood of health and wellbeing in individuals surviving to older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Samieri
- From the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CS, QS, MKT, EBR, and FG); Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre INSERM U897-Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (CS); and the Departments of Epidemiology (EBR and FG) and Nutrition (QS and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- From the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CS, QS, MKT, EBR, and FG); Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre INSERM U897-Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (CS); and the Departments of Epidemiology (EBR and FG) and Nutrition (QS and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary K Townsend
- From the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CS, QS, MKT, EBR, and FG); Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre INSERM U897-Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (CS); and the Departments of Epidemiology (EBR and FG) and Nutrition (QS and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- From the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CS, QS, MKT, EBR, and FG); Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre INSERM U897-Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (CS); and the Departments of Epidemiology (EBR and FG) and Nutrition (QS and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- From the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CS, QS, MKT, EBR, and FG); Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre INSERM U897-Epidémiologie-Biostatistiques and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (CS); and the Departments of Epidemiology (EBR and FG) and Nutrition (QS and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Effects of long-term feeding of the polyphenols resveratrol and kaempferol in obese mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112825. [PMID: 25386805 PMCID: PMC4227868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the intake of antioxidant polyphenols such as resveratrol and others on survival and different parameters of life quality has been a matter of debate in the last years. We have studied here the effects of the polyphenols resveratrol and kaempferol added to the diet in a murine model undergoing long-term hypercaloric diet. Using 50 mice for each condition, we have monitored weight, survival, biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and aspartate aminotransferase, neuromuscular coordination measured with the rotarod test and morphological aspect of stained sections of liver and heart histological samples. Our data show that mice fed since they are 3-months-old with hypercaloric diet supplemented with any of these polyphenols reduced their weight by about 5–7% with respect to the controls fed only with hypercaloric diet. We also observed that mice fed with any of the polyphenols had reduced levels of glucose, insulin and cholesterol, and better marks in the rotarod test, but only after 1 year of treatment, that is, during senescence. No effect was observed in the rest of the parameters studied. Furthermore, although treatment with hypercaloric diets induced large changes in the pattern of gene expression in liver, we found no significant changes in gene expression induced by the presence of any of the polyphenols. Thus, our data indicate that addition of resveratrol or kaempferol to mice food produces an initial decrease in weight in mice subjected to hypercaloric diet, but beneficial effects in other parameters such as blood glucose, insulin and cholesterol, and neuromuscular coordination, only appear after prolonged treatments.
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Cassidy A, Huang T, Rice MS, Rimm EB, Tworoger SS. Intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1344-51. [PMID: 25332332 PMCID: PMC4196485 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of different dietary flavonoid subclasses on risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is unclear, with limited previous studies that have focused on only a few compounds. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined associations between habitual flavonoid subclass intake and risk of ovarian cancer. DESIGN We followed 171,940 Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II participants to examine associations between intakes of total flavonoids and their subclasses (flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, and polymeric flavonoids) and risk of ovarian cancer by using Cox proportional hazards models. Intake was calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 y. RESULTS During 16-22 y of follow-up, 723 cases of ovarian cancer were confirmed through medical records. In pooled multivariate-adjusted analyses, total flavonoids were not statistically significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk (HR for the top compared with the bottom quintile: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.09; P-trend = 0.17). However, participants in the highest quintiles of flavonol and flavanone intakes had modestly lower risk of ovarian cancer than did participants in the lowest quintile, although the P-trend was not significant [HRs: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.98; P-trend = 0.11) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63,1.00; P-trend = 0.26), respectively]. The association for flavanone intake was stronger for serous invasive and poorly differentiated tumors (comparable HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.92; P-heterogeneity = 0.10, P-trend = 0.07) compared with nonserous and less-aggressive tumors. Intakes of other subclasses were not significantly associated with risk. In food-based analyses used to compare subjects who consumed >1 and ≤ 1 cup black tea/d, the HR was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.90; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of flavonols and flavanones as well as black tea consumption may be associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer. Additional prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (AC); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST); and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST)
| | - Tianyi Huang
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (AC); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST); and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST)
| | - Megan S Rice
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (AC); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST); and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST)
| | - Eric B Rimm
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (AC); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST); and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST)
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom (AC); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST); and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (TH, MSR, EBR, and SST)
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Kalia A, Parshad VR. Novel Trends to Revolutionize Preservation and Packaging of Fruits/Fruit Products: Microbiological and Nanotechnological Perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:159-82. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.649315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Astin JW, Jamieson SMF, Eng TCY, Flores MV, Misa JP, Chien A, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. An in vivo antilymphatic screen in zebrafish identifies novel inhibitors of mammalian lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic-mediated metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2450-62. [PMID: 25053822 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0469-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in tumors is an integral step in the metastatic spread of tumor cells, first to the sentinel lymph nodes that surround the tumor and then elsewhere in the body. Currently, no selective agents designed to prevent lymphatic vessel growth have been approved for clinical use, and there is an important potential clinical niche for antilymphangiogenic agents. Using a zebrafish phenotype-based chemical screen, we have identified drug compounds, previously approved for human use, that have antilymphatic activity. These include kaempferol, a natural product found in plants; leflunomide, an inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis; and cinnarizine and flunarizine, members of the type IV class of calcium channel antagonists. Antilymphatic activity was confirmed in a murine in vivo lymphangiogenesis Matrigel plug assay, in which kaempferol, leflunomide, and flunarizine prevented lymphatic growth. We show that kaempferol is a novel inhibitor of VEGFR2/3 kinase activity and is able to reduce the density of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels as well as the incidence of lymph node metastases in a metastatic breast cancer xenograft model. However, in this model, kaempferol administration was also associated with tumor deposits in the pancreas and diaphragm, and flunarizine was found to be tumorigenic. Although this screen revealed that zebrafish is a viable platform for the identification and development of mammalian antilymphatic compounds, it also highlights the need for focused secondary screens to ensure appropriate efficacy of hits in a tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tiffany C Y Eng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria V Flores
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - June P Misa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annie Chien
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn E Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Grimm M, Cetindis M, Lehmann M, Biegner T, Munz A, Teriete P, Kraut W, Reinert S. Association of cancer metabolism-related proteins with oral carcinogenesis - indications for chemoprevention and metabolic sensitizing of oral squamous cell carcinoma? J Transl Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25048361 PMCID: PMC4110933 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metabolism is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, TKTL1), mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in OSCC cell lines. Metabolism-related proteins were correlated with proliferation activity (Ki-67) and apoptotic properties (TUNEL assay) in OSCC. Specificity of antibodies was confirmed by western blotting in cancer cell lines. Results Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, LDHA, TKTL1), and mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were significantly increased in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Metabolic active regions of OSCC were strongly correlated with proliferating cancer (Ki-67+) cells without detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of the expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, and TKTL1, as well as mitochondrial enzymes SDHA, SDHB, and ATP synthase in the multi-step carcinogenesis of OSCC. Both, hypoxia-related glucose metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation characteristics are associated with the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Acidosis and OXPHOS may drive a metabolic shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore, inhibition of the PPP, glycolysis, and targeted anti-mitochondrial therapies (ROS generation) by natural compounds or synthetic vitamin derivatives may act as sensitizer for apoptosis in cancer cells mediated by adjuvant therapies in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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Yi L, Zongyuan Y, Cheng G, Lingyun Z, Guilian Y, Wei G. Quercetin enhances apoptotic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in ovarian cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-death receptor 5 pathway. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:520-7. [PMID: 24612139 PMCID: PMC4317845 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown efficacy in a phase 2 clinical trial, development of resistance to TRAIL by tumor cells is a major roadblock. We investigated whether quercetin, a flavonoid, can sensitize human ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL. Results indicate that quercetin sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL. The quercetin induced expression of death receptor DR5 but did not affect expression of DR4 in cancer cells. The induction of DR5 was mediated through activation of JNK and through upregulation of a transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP); as silencing of these signaling molecules abrogated the effect of quercetin. Upregulation of DR5 was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as ROS scavengers reduced the effect of quercetin on JNK activation, CHOP upregulation, DR induction, TRAIL sensitization, downregulated the expression of cell survival proteins and upregulated the proapoptotic proteins. Furthermore, quercetin enhances TRAIL mediated inhibition of tumor growth of human SKOV-3 xenograft was associated with induction of apoptosis, activation of caspase-3, CHOP and DR5. Overall, our data suggest that quercetin enhances apoptotic death of ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL through upregulation of CHOP-induced DR5 expression following ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kaempferol Inhibits IL-1β-Stimulated, RANKL-mediated Osteoclastogenesis via Downregulation of MAPKs, c-Fos, and NFATc1. Inflammation 2014; 37:1221-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yang Y, Cai X, Yang J, Sun X, Hu C, Yan Z, Xu X, Lu W, Wang X, Cao P. Chemoprevention of dietary digitoflavone on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis through inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:48. [PMID: 24602443 PMCID: PMC3973863 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a novel target for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Many chemopreventive compounds associated with Nrf2 activation are effective in preclinical systems and many on-going clinical trials are showing promising findings. In present study we evaluated the cytoprotective effect and chemopreventive properties of dietary digitoflavone. Method A cell based Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-driven luciferase reporter system was applied to screen potential Nrf2 activators. Activation of Nrf2 by digitoflavone was confirmed through mRNA, protein and GSH level assay in Caco-2 cell line. The cytoprotective effect of digitoflavone was evaluated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress model and further signaling pathways analysis was used to determine the target of digitoflavone induced Nrf2 activation. An AOM-DSS induced colorectal cancer model was used to assess the chemopreventive effect of digitoflavone. Result Micromolarity (10 μM) level of digitoflavone increased Nrf2 expressing, nuclear translocation and expression of downstream phase II antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, digitoflavone decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death via p38 MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathway. In vivo study, 50 mg/kg digitoflavone significantly reduced AOM-DSS induced tumor incidence, number and size. Conclusion These observations suggest that digitoflavone is a novel Nrf2 pathway activator, and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury. The results of the present study add further evidence of the molecular mechanisms that allow digitoflavone to exert protective effects and reaffirm its potential role as a chemopreventive agent in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100#, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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Mechanisms underlying apoptosis-inducing effects of Kaempferol in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2722-37. [PMID: 24549175 PMCID: PMC3958878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously noted that kaempferol, a flavonol present in vegetables and fruits, reduced cell cycle progression of HT-29 cells. To examine whether kaempferol induces apoptosis of HT-29 cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, cells were treated with various concentrations (0–60 μmol/L) of kaempferol and analyzed by Hoechst staining, Annexin V staining, JC-1 labeling of the mitochondria, immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assays, Western blot analyses, and caspase-8 assays. Kaempferol increased chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and the number of early apoptotic cells in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, kaempferol increased the levels of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 as well as those of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, it increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and cytosolic cytochrome c concentrations. Further, kaempferol decreased the levels of Bcl-xL proteins, but increased those of Bik. It also induced a reduction in Akt activation and Akt activity and an increase in mitochondrial Bad. Additionally, kaempferol increased the levels of membrane-bound FAS ligand, decreased those of uncleaved caspase-8 and intact Bid and increased caspase-8 activity. These results indicate that kaempferol induces the apoptosis of HT-29 cells via events associated with the activation of cell surface death receptors and the mitochondrial pathway.
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Wang HJ, Pao LH, Hsiong CH, Shih TY, Lee MS, Hu OYP. Dietary flavonoids modulate CYP2C to improve drug oral bioavailability and their qualitative/quantitative structure-activity relationship. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:258-68. [PMID: 24431079 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to improve the drug oral bioavailability by co-administration with flavonoid inhibitors of the CYP2C isozyme and to establish qualitative and quantitative (QSAR) structure-activity relationships (SAR) between flavonoids and CYP2C. A total of 40 naturally occurring flavonoids were screened in vitro for CYP2C inhibition. Enzyme activity was determined by measuring conversion of tolbutamide to 4-hydroxytolbutamide by rat liver microsomes. The percent inhibition and IC50 of each flavonoid were calculated and used to develop SAR and QSAR. The most effective flavonoid was orally co-administered in vivo with a cholesterol-reducing drug, fluvastatin, which is normally metabolized by CYP2C. The most potent CYP2C inhibitor identified in vitro was tamarixetin (IC50 = 1.4 μM). This flavonoid enhanced the oral bioavailability of fluvastatin in vivo, producing a >2-fold increase in the area under the concentration-time curve and in the peak plasma concentration. SAR analysis indicated that the presence of a 2,3-double bond in the C ring, hydroxylation at positions 5, 6, and 7, and glycosylation had important effects on flavonoid-CYP2C interactions. These findings should prove useful for predicting the inhibition of CYP2C activity by other untested flavonoid-like compounds. In the present study, tamarixetin significantly inhibited CYP2C activity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the use of tamarixetin could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs with low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jaan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Song W, Dang Q, Xu D, Chen Y, Zhu G, Wu K, Zeng J, Long Q, Wang X, He D, Li L. Kaempferol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma through EGFR/p38 signaling. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1350-6. [PMID: 24399193 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several tumors, but not in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, we investigated the effects of kaempferol and the underlying mechanism(s) on the cell growth of RCC cells. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to study cell growth, and flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and cell cycles in different RCC cells treated with various doses of kaempferol. A significant inhibition on cell growth, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed in 786-O and 769-P cells after kaempferol treatment compared with the control group. Moreover, the results clearly showed that kaempferol causes a strong inhibition of the activation of the EGFR/p38 signaling pathways, upregulation of p21 expression and downregulation of cyclin B1 expression in human RCC cells, together with activation of PARP cleavages, induction of apoptotic death and inhibition of cell growth. Collectively, our results suggest that kaempferol may serve as a candidate for chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic agents for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Dang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Defeng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhi Long
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Inoue-Choi M, Oppeneer SJ, Robien K. Reality check: there is no such thing as a miracle food. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:165-8. [PMID: 23441603 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.748921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A recent episode of the Dr. Oz Show suggested endive, red onion, and sea bass as foods that can decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 75%. However, the scientific evidence supporting these recommendations is limited. This commentary discusses some of the concerns related to the promotion of "miracle foods" by the media. Nutritional scientists and epidemiologists should be cognizant of the public health messages that are taken from their individual studies and not sensationalize the findings of a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Inoue-Choi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
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Mafuvadze B, Cook M, Xu Z, Besch-Williford CL, Hyder SM. Effects of Dietary Apigenin on Tumor Latency, Incidence and Multiplicity in a Medroxyprogesterone Acetate- Accelerated 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- Induced Breast Cancer Model. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1184-91. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.833637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Crane TE, Khulpateea BR, Alberts DS, Basen-Engquist K, Thomson CA. Dietary intake and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 23:255-73. [PMID: 24142805 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of gynecological cancer death. There is a need to identify modifiable dietary risk factors for this disease. To evaluate the role of diet in ovarian cancer risk, we performed a PRISMA-directed systematic review that included prospective cohort studies with >200 cases (n = 24). Higher risk for ovarian cancer was shown for total, animal, and dairy fat (five of nine studies), as well as total nitrate and possibly total vitamin C. No associations were demonstrated for red meat, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, β-carotene, or folate. Vegetables were associated with lower risk in one of three studies; fruit showed no association, although risk estimates were all greater than 1.0. Isoflavones and flavonoids were associated with modestly lower risk in two studies and tea intake was associated with lower risk in one of two studies. This review suggests that no specific dietary factors are consistently associated with ovarian cancer risk. Data by tumor subtypes are limited, but suggest that differential associations by tumor subtype may exist and should be evaluated. Studies of ample sample size, varied exposure, which can better control for dietary measurement error, are needed to fully define dietary recommendations for ovarian cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy E Crane
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona; University of Arizona Cancer Center; Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Narwal M, Koivunen J, Haikarainen T, Obaji E, Legala OE, Venkannagari H, Joensuu P, Pihlajaniemi T, Lehtiö L. Discovery of tankyrase inhibiting flavones with increased potency and isoenzyme selectivity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7880-9. [PMID: 24116873 DOI: 10.1021/jm401463y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrases are ADP-ribosyltransferases that play key roles in various cellular pathways, including the regulation of cell proliferation, and thus, they are promising drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Flavones have been shown to inhibit tankyrases and we report here the discovery of more potent and selective flavone derivatives. Commercially available flavones with single substitutions were used for structure-activity relationship studies, and cocrystal structures of the 18 hit compounds were analyzed to explain their potency and selectivity. The most potent inhibitors were also tested in a cell-based assay, which demonstrated that they effectively antagonize Wnt signaling. To assess selectivity, they were further tested against a panel of homologous human ADP-ribosyltransferases. The most effective compound, 22 (MN-64), showed 6 nM potency against tankyrase 1, isoenzyme selectivity, and Wnt signaling inhibition. This work forms a basis for rational development of flavones as tankyrase inhibitors and guides the development of other structurally related inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Narwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu 90570, Finland
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130
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Mignet N, Seguin J, Chabot GG. Bioavailability of polyphenol liposomes: a challenge ahead. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:457-71. [PMID: 24300518 PMCID: PMC3836625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, including flavonoids, have long been recognized as a source of important molecules involved in the prevention of several diseases, including cancer. However, because of their poor bioavailability, polyphenols remain difficult to be employed clinically. Over the past few years, a renewed interest has been devoted to the use of liposomes as carriers aimed at increasing the bioavailability and, hence, the therapeutic benefits of polyphenols. In this paper, we review the causes of the poor bioavailability of polyphenols and concentrate on their liposomal formulations, which offer a means of improving their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The problems linked to their development and their potential therapeutic advantages are reviewed. Future directions for liposomal polyphenol development are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.M.) (G.G.C.); Tel.: +33-153-739-581 (N.M.); +33-153-739-571 (G.C.G.); Fax: +33-143-266-918 (N.M. & G.C.G.)
| | | | - Guy G. Chabot
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.M.) (G.G.C.); Tel.: +33-153-739-581 (N.M.); +33-153-739-571 (G.C.G.); Fax: +33-143-266-918 (N.M. & G.C.G.)
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131
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YOON HAYONG, LEE EUNGYEONG, LEE HYUN, CHO INJIN, CHOI YUNJUNG, SUNG MYUNGSOON, YOO HANGYUL, YOO WANHEE. Kaempferol inhibits IL-1β-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and the production of COX-2, PGE2 and MMPs. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:971-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Martirosyan A, Bazes A, Schneider YJ. In vitro toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles in the presence of phenolic compounds--preventive agents against the harmful effect? Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:573-82. [PMID: 23738887 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.812258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing commercial use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) will inevitably lead to elevated silver exposure and thus to potential human health complications. In this study the acute toxicity of Ag-NPs <20 nm alone and upon co-administration with food matrix component phenolic compounds (PCs) on the cell-based models of the gastrointestinal tract was investigated. An improved co-culture model of Caco-2 and RajiB cells was applied for more precise in vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The involvement of two major factors contributing to the toxicity of Ag-NPs, i.e. the release of Ag(+) and the induction of oxidative stress, was investigated. Ag-NPs were cytotoxic for Caco-2 cells with an EC50 of ca. 40 µg/ml. Ag-NPs led to oxidative stress starting from ca. 45 µg/ml. The epithelial barrier integrity disruption by Ag-NPs on Caco-2 cell mono- and co-cultures was established by decreased transepithelial electrical resistances and increased passages of Lucifer Yellow, a paracellular marker. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Ag-NPs affect occludin and zonula occludens 1 distributions, suggesting the opening of tight junctions. Ag(+), corresponding to the release from Ag-NPs, demonstrated a partial contribution in the toxic parameters, induced by Ag-NPs. Two PCs, quercetin and kaempferol, partially protected the Caco-2 cells from Ag-NP-induced toxicity and maintained the epithelial barrier integrity, disrupted by NPs. No protective effect was observed for resveratrol. The protective effect could be beneficial and decrease the potential toxicity of ingested Ag-NPs. However, the precise mechanisms of barrier-integrity-destabilising action of Ag-NPs/Ag(+) and protective effect of PCs still require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Martirosyan
- Institute of Life Sciences & UCLouvain, Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
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133
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Chen J, Li Z, Chen AY, Ye X, Luo H, Rankin GO, Chen YC. Inhibitory effect of baicalin and baicalein on ovarian cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6012-25. [PMID: 23502466 PMCID: PMC3634505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the primary causes of death for women all through the Western world. Baicalin and baicalein are naturally occurring flavonoids that are found in the roots and leaves of some Chinese medicinal plants and are thought to have antioxidant activity and possible anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Two kinds of ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and CP-70) cell lines and a normal ovarian cell line (IOSE-364) were selected to be investigated in the inhibitory effect of baicalin and baicalein on cancer cells. Largely, baicalin and baicalein inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability in both ovarian cancer cell lines with LD50 values in the range of 45–55 μM for baicalin and 25–40 μM for baicalein. On the other hand, both compounds had fewer inhibitory effects on normal ovarian cells viability with LD50 values of 177 μM for baicalin and 68 μM for baicalein. Baicalin decreased expression of VEGF (20 μM), cMyc (80 μM), and NFkB (20 μM); baicalein decreased expression of VEGF (10 μM), HIF-1α (20 μM), cMyc (20 μM), and NFkB (40 μM). Therefore baicalein is more effective in inhibiting cancer cell viability and expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB in both ovarian cancer cell lines. It seems that baicalein inhibited cancer cell viability through the inhibition of cancer promoting genes expression including VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB. Overall, this study showed that baicalein and baicalin significantly inhibited the viability of ovarian cancer cells, while generally exerting less of an effect on normal cells. They have potential for chemoprevention and treatment of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchu Chen
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-Mails: (J.C.); (X.Y.)
- Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhaoliang Li
- Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Allen Y. Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-Mails: (J.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Haitao Luo
- Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Gary O. Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-304-457-6277; Fax: +1-304-457-6239
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134
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Oszmiański J, Kolniak-Ostek J, Wojdyło A. Characterization and content of flavonol derivatives of Allium ursinum L. plant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:176-84. [PMID: 23249145 DOI: 10.1021/jf304268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds were extracted from green and yellow leaves, stalks, and seeds of garlic ( Allium ursinum L.). The extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS). In total, 21 compounds were detected. The flavonol derivatives were identified on the basis of their ultraviolet (UV) spectra and fragmentation patterns in collision-induced dissociation experiments. On the basis of accurate MS and MS/MS data, six compounds were newly identified in bear's garlic, mainly the kaempferol derivatives. As far as the investigated parts of garlic are concerned, the kaempferol derivatives were found to be predominant in yellow leaves [2362.96 mg/100 g of dry matter (dm)], followed by green leaves (1856.31 mg/100 g of dm). Seeds contained the minimal phenolic compounds, less than stalks. The yellow leaves of A. ursinum possessed a much larger content of compounds acylated with p-coumaric acid than green leaves (1299.97 versus 855.67 mg/100 g of dm, respectively). The stalks and seeds contained much more non-acetylated than acetylated flavonoid glycosides with p-coumaric acid compounds (162.4 versus 62.82 mg/100 g of dm and 105.49 versus 24.18 mg/100 g of dm, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Grain Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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135
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Toh MF, Mendonca E, Eddie SL, Endsley MP, Lantvit DD, Petukhov PA, Burdette JE. Kaempferol Exhibits Progestogenic Effects in Ovariectomized Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:136. [PMID: 25844270 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progesterone (P4) plays a central role in women's health. Synthetic progestins are used clinically in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oral contraceptives, and for the treatment of endometriosis and infertility. Unfortunately, synthetic progestins are associated with side effects, including cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Botanical dietary supplements are widely consumed for the alleviation of a variety of gynecological issues, but very few studies have characterized natural compounds in terms of their ability to bind to and activate progesterone receptors (PR). Kaempferol is a flavonoid that functions as a non-steroidal selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) in vitro. This study investigated the molecular and physiological effects of kaempferol in the ovariectomized rat uteri. METHODS Since genistein is a phytoestrogen that was previously demonstrated to increase uterine weight and proliferation, the ability of kaempferol to block genistein action in the uterus was investigated. Analyses of proliferation, steroid receptor expression, and induction of well-established PR-regulated targets Areg and Hand2 were completed using histological analysis and qPCR gene induction experiments. In addition, kaempferol in silico binding analysis was completed for PR. The activation of estrogen and androgen receptor signalling was determined in vitro. RESULTS Molecular docking analysis confirmed that kaempferol adopts poses that are consistent with occupying the ligand-binding pocket of PRA. Kaempferol induced expression of PR regulated transcriptional targets in the ovariectomized rat uteri, including Hand2 and Areg. Consistent with progesterone-l ke activity, kaempferol attenuated genistein-induced uterine luminal epithelial proliferation without increasing uterine weight. Kaempferol signalled without down regulating PR expression in vitro and in vivo and without activating estrogen and androgen receptors. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that kaempferol is a unique natural PR modulator that activates PR signaling in vitro and in vivo without triggering PR degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Fern Toh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Emma Mendonca
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sharon L Eddie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Michael P Endsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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136
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137
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Chen AY, Chen YC. A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention. Food Chem 2012; 138:2099-107. [PMID: 23497863 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a polyphenol antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Many studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary kaempferol in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, especially cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between kaempferol intake and cancer. Kaempferol may help by augmenting the body's antioxidant defence against free radicals, which promote the development of cancer. At the molecular level, kaempferol has been reported to modulate a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Significantly, kaempferol inhibits cancer cell growth and angiogenesis and induces cancer cell apoptosis, but on the other hand, kaempferol appears to preserve normal cell viability, in some cases exerting a protective effect. The aim of this review is to synthesize information concerning the extraction of kaempferol, as well as to provide insights into the molecular basis of its potential chemo-preventative activities, with an emphasis on its ability to control intracellular signaling cascades that regulate the aforementioned processes. Chemoprevention using nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of kaempferol is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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138
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Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI. Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:206-38. [PMID: 22888839 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.702534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review data from epidemiological and preclinical studies addressing the potential benefits of diets based on flavonoids for cancer prevention. Flavonoids are subdivided into subclasses including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones. Epidemiological studies suggest dietary intake of flavonoids may reduce the risk of tumors of the breast, colon, lung, prostate, and pancreas. However, some studies have reported inconclusive or even harmful associations. A major challenge in the interpretation of epidemiological studies is that most of the data originate from case-control studies and retrospective acquisition of flavonoid intake. Differences in agricultural, sociodemographics, and lifestyle factors contribute to the heterogeneity in the intake of flavonoids among populations residing in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Dose and timing of exposure may influence the anticancer response to flavonoid-rich diets. A limited number of intervention trials of flavonoids have documented cancer preventative effects. Proposed anticancer mechanisms for flavonoids are inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, invasion, metastasis, and activation of apoptosis. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to develop biomarkers of flavonoid intake and effect. Mechanistic studies are needed to ascertain how flavonoid-rich diets influence gene regulation for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0038, USA.
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139
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Lee AH, Su D, Pasalich M, Binns CW. Tea consumption reduces ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 37:54-9. [PMID: 23107758 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the relationship between tea drinking and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern Chinese women, a case-control study was conducted in southern China during 2006-2008. METHODS Five hundred incident patients with histologically confirmed epithelial carcinoma of the ovary and 500 controls (mean age 59 years) were recruited from four public hospitals in Guangzhou. Information on frequency, quantity and duration of tea drinking, amount of dried tea leaves brewed, together with habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained face-to-face from participants using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between tea consumption variables and the ovarian cancer risk. RESULTS The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels and prevalence (78.8%) than the ovarian cancer patients (51.4%). Regular drinking of green tea, black tea and/or oolong tea was associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer, the adjusted odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.22-0.39) after accounting for confounding factors. When compared with non-drinkers, apparent inverse dose-response relationships were observed for years of drinking, number of cups and quantity of tea consumed, as well as amount of dried tea leaves brewed (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Regular tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer for southern Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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140
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Pineda MJ, Singh DK. What is integrative oncology and can it help my patients? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2012; 39:285-312. [PMID: 22640716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Integrative oncology lends itself to the comprehensive practice of gynecologic oncology with multiple tools and interventions that can impact on QoL and survival. However, there remains a paucity of well-designed, well-powered randomized control trials on various CAM modalities for gynecologic cancer patients. The reasons for the lack of level 1 evidence include the nascent state of integrative medicine as a science, the limitations on CAM funding, the relative lack of integration of CAM practitioners into the oncology community, and absence of strict regulation of herbs and supplements by the US FDA. The use of CAM as adjunctive therapies will likely continue given the patient-driven trends to date, and given the evidence for at least safety and potentially efficacy, our patients deserve our willingness to use all possible approaches to improving their outcomes. Continued evolution of our ability to specifically measure and describe QoL will further our ability to hone in on domains most important to patients and their survival and allow practitioners to make patient-specific recommendations. Multimodal programs that include physical activity, stress management, and diet have the potential to address demonstrated deficits in PWB and FWB in ovarian cancer patients which suggests a model of collaborative gynecologic oncology care). Integrative oncology represents a holistic approach to patient care whose goal is maximization of patient quantity and quality of life. Patients can achieve this optimal outcome through the synergy of conventional care, integrative modalities, lifestyle modifications, and supportive care. Refer to Table 4 for a listing of integrated medicine Internet resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Javier Pineda
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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141
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Yoon YC, Hwang JT, Sung MJ, Wang S, Munkhtugs D, Rhyu MR, Park JH. Inhibitory effect of luteolin on the odorant-induced cAMP level in HEK293 cells expressing the olfactory receptor. Biofactors 2012; 38:360-4. [PMID: 22593001 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid in many fruits and vegetables. Although luteolin has important biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, little is known about the functions of luteolin in the olfactory system. Various odorants can be detected and distinguished by using several molecular processes, including the binding of odorants to odorant receptors, activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), changes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca(2+) levels in olfactory sensory neurons, as well as changes in membrane potentials and the transmission of electric signals to the brain. Because AC-cAMP signal transduction plays a pivotal role in the olfactory system, we evaluated the effects of luteolin on the AC-cAMP pathway that had been stimulated by the odorant eugenol. We demonstrated that eugenol caused an upregulation of the cAMP level and the phosphorylation of phosphokinase A (PKA, a downstream target of cAMP) in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing the murine eugenol receptor. This upregulation significantly decreased in the presence of luteolin, suggesting that luteolin inhibited the odorant-induced production of cAMP and affected the downstream phosphorylation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Cho Yoon
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Sungnam, Kyungki-Do, Republic of Korea
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142
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Miller PE, Snyder DC. Phytochemicals and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:599-612. [PMID: 22878362 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612456043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies have investigated associations between various phytochemicals and cancer risk. Phytoestrogens and carotenoids are the two most commonly studied classes of phytochemicals; phytosterols, isothiocyanates, and chlorophyll also have been investigated, although to a much lesser extent. Because there have been no systematic reviews of the literature on all phytochemicals and cancer risk to date, this article systematically reviews 96 published epidemiological studies that examined associations between phytochemicals and cancer risk. Most studies found null associations between individual phytochemicals and cancer risk at various sites. In addition, results from past studies have been largely inconsistent, and observed associations have been of relatively modest magnitude. The most consistent protective effects were observed for higher levels--dietary intake, serum, plasma, or urinary metabolites--of β-carotene and renal cell cancer, β-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and gastrointestinal cancer, lignans and postmenopausal breast cancer, and flavonoids and lung cancer. Although elevated risk of certain cancers with higher levels of certain phytochemicals was observed, an insufficient pool of studies examining the same associations or inconsistent findings across studies limit the ability to conclude that any one phytochemical increases cancer risk. Additional research is needed to support previously identified associations in cases where only one study has examined a particular relationship. Importantly, continued research efforts are needed to evaluate the cumulative and interactive effects of numerous phytochemicals and phytochemical-rich foods on cancer risk.
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143
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Master Z, Chaudhary A, Sutter TR, Willett KL. Effects of flavonoids on CYP1 expression in RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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144
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Luo H, Jiang B, Li B, Li Z, Jiang BH, Chen YC. Kaempferol nanoparticles achieve strong and selective inhibition of ovarian cancer cell viability. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3951-9. [PMID: 22866004 PMCID: PMC3410694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death for women throughout the Western world. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has shown promise in the chemoprevention of ovarian cancer. A common concern about using dietary supplements for chemoprevention is their bioavailability. Nanoparticles have shown promise in increasing the bioavailability of some chemicals. Here we developed five different types of nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol and tested their efficacy in the inhibition of viability of cancerous and normal ovarian cells. We found that positively charged nanoparticle formulations did not lead to a significant reduction in cancer cell viability, whereas nonionic polymeric nanoparticles resulted in enhanced reduction of cancer cell viability. Among the nonionic polymeric nanoparticles, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol led to significant reduction in cell viability of both cancerous and normal cells. Poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol resulted in enhanced reduction of cancer cell viability together with no significant reduction in cell viability of normal cells compared with kaempferol alone. Therefore, both PEO-PPO-PEO and PLGA nanoparticle formulations were effective in reducing cancer cell viability, while PLGA nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol had selective toxicity against cancer cells and normal cells. A PLGA nanoparticle formulation could be advantageous in the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers. On the other hand, PEO-PPO-PEO nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol were more effective inhibitors of cancer cells, but they also significantly reduced the viability of normal cells. PEO-PPO-PEO nanoparticles incorporating kaempferol may be suitable as a cancer-targeting strategy, which could limit the effects of the nanoparticles on normal cells while retaining their potency against cancer cells. We have identified two nanoparticle formulations incorporating kaempferol that may lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Both PEO-PPO-PEO and PLGA nanoparticle formulations had superior effects compared with kaempferol alone in reducing cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Biology, Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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145
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Zhang J, Liu D, Huang Y, Gao Y, Qian S. Biopharmaceutics classification and intestinal absorption study of apigenin. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:311-7. [PMID: 22796171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) category of apigenin (AP) using intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and rat intestinal permeability, and to investigate the intestinal absorption mechanism of AP in rats. In the present investigation, equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of AP were estimated in phosphate buffers. Effective intestinal permeability (P(eff)) of AP was determined using single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) technique in four segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) of rat intestine at three concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μg/ml). The aqueous solubility of AP in tested phosphate buffers was very poor with maximum solubility of 2.16 μg/ml at pH 7.5. The IDR of AP was very low with a value of 0.006 mg/min/cm(2). The minimum and maximum P(eff)s determined by SPIP were 0.198×10(-4) and 0.713×10(-4) cm/s at jejunum and duodenum site, respectively. In addition, the concentration-dependent permeability behavior was observed in the duodenum and jejunum, which suggested that AP was transported by both passive and active carrier-mediated saturable mechanism in these two intestinal segments. However, the observed concentration-independent permeability behavior in ileum and colon indicated primarily passive transport mechanism of absorption of AP in the last two intestinal segments. AP was classified as class II drug of the BCS due to its low solubility and high intestinal permeability. AP could be well absorbed in the whole intestine with the main absorption site at duodenum. The absorption of AP in four intestinal segments exhibited different transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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146
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Shukla S, MacLennan GT, Fu P, Gupta S. Apigenin attenuates insulin-like growth factor-I signaling in an autochthonous mouse prostate cancer model. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1506-17. [PMID: 22139534 PMCID: PMC4017263 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulation of IGF signaling plays an important role in prostate cancer and contributes to invasion and metastasis. We determined the effect of apigenin, a plant flavone, on IGF signaling and its downstream targets in TRAMP mice. METHODS Mice received p.o. apigenin at 20 and 50 μg/day dose for 20 weeks. ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the IGF-axis and its regulated pathway in response to apigenin intake. RESULTS Increased serum levels of IGF-I, VEGF, uPA and concomitant decrease in IGFBP-3 were observed; p-Akt (Ser473), p-ERK1 (T202/Y204) and p-ERK2 (T185/Y187) expression increased in the dorso-lateral prostate of TRAMP mice during the course of cancer progression as a function of age. P.o. administration of apigenin resulted in substantial reduction in the levels of IGF-I and increase in the levels of IGFBP-3 in the serum and the dorso-lateral prostate. This modulation of IGF/IGFBP-3 was associated with an inhibition of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2. Apigenin intake resulted in marked inhibition of VEGF, uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 which coincided with tumor growth inhibition and complete absence of metastasis in TRAMP mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that apigenin effectively suppressed prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice by attenuating IGF-I/IGFBP-3 signaling and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio-44106
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147
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Toh MF, Sohn J, Chen SN, Yao P, Bolton JL, Burdette JE. Biological characterization of non-steroidal progestins from botanicals used for women's health. Steroids 2012; 77:765-73. [PMID: 22484153 PMCID: PMC3601661 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone plays a central role in women's reproductive health. Synthetic progestins, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are often used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oral contraceptives, and for the treatment of endometriosis and infertility. Although MPA is clinically effective, it also promiscuously binds to androgen and glucocorticoid receptors (AR/GR) leading to many undesirable side effects including cardiovascular diseases and breast cancers. Therefore, identifying alternative progestins is clinically significant. The purpose of this study was to biologically characterize non-steroidal progestins from botanicals by investigating theirinteraction and activation of progesterone receptor (PR). Eight botanicals commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms were investigated to determine if they contain progestins using a progesterone responsive element (PRE) luciferase reporter assay and a PR polarization competitive binding assay. Red clover extract stimulated PRE-luciferase and bound to PR. A library of purified compounds previously isolated from red clover was screened using the luciferase reporter assay. Kaempferol identified in red clover and a structurally similar flavonoid, apigenin, bound to PR and induced progestegenic activity and P4 regulated genes in breast epithelial cells and human endometrial stromal cells (HESC). Kaempferol and apigenin demonstrated higher progestegenic potency in the HESC compared to breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, phytoprogestins were able to activate P4 signaling in breast epithelial cells without downregulating PR expression. These data suggest that botanical extracts used for women's health may contain compounds capable of activating progesterone receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Toh
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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148
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Trudel D, Labbé DP, Bairati I, Fradet V, Bazinet L, Têtu B. Green tea for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment: a systematic review of the in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:491-8. [PMID: 22564714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of green tea or green tea components on the prevention and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Using Medline, EMBASE and SciVerse (last researched: July 2011), we retrieved 22 articles including 5 epidemiological studies. RESULTS In epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines, green tea and green tea components have been shown to downregulate the expression of proteins involved in inflammation, cell signalization, cell motility and angiogenesis. Green tea and green tea components would induce apoptosis and could potentiate the effects of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent. In human observational studies, significant associations between green tea intake and both decreased ovarian cancer occurrence and better prognosis were reported. CONCLUSIONS Available literature suggests potential molecular targets for green tea in ovarian cancer treatment and also provides data supporting the clinical evaluation of the role of green tea or green tea components in ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Trudel
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, University Hospital Center (CHUQ), 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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149
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Braem MGM, Onland-Moret NC, Schouten LJ, Tjønneland A, Hansen L, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Lukanova A, Dossus L, Floegel A, Boeing H, Clavel-Chapelon F, Chabbert-Buffet N, Fagherazzi G, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Goufa I, Pala V, Galasso R, Mattiello A, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Tumino R, Gram IT, Lund E, Gavrilyuk O, Sánchez MJ, Quirós R, Gonzales CA, Dorronsoro M, Castaño JMH, Gurrea AB, Idahl A, Ohlson N, Lundin E, Jirstrom K, Wirfalt E, Allen NE, Tsilidis KK, Kaw KT, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Dik VK, Rinaldi S, Fedirko V, Norat T, Riboli E, Kaaks R, Peeters PHM. Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1172-81. [PMID: 22440851 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). OBJECTIVE In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC. DESIGN All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke G M Braem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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150
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Kim E, Choi J, Yeo I. The effects of Angelica keiskei Koidz on the expression of antioxidant enzymes related to lipid profiles in rats fed a high fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:9-15. [PMID: 22413035 PMCID: PMC3296928 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the feeding effects of Angelica keiskei Koidz (AK) and its processed products on serum, liver, and body fat content and the expression of antioxidant genes in rats fed a high fat diet. AK and its processed products were added at 3-5% to a high fat diet and fed to adult rats for 6 weeks. In experiment 1 (EXP 1), the rats were fed with one of six diets including a control diet (normal fat), high fat diet (HF), and HF + AK additives groups (four groups). In experiment 2 (EXP 2), the rats were separated into three groups of HF, HF + AK whole leaves, and HF + fermented juice (FS) + squeeze (SA). Body weight was not different among the groups in either experiment. The liver weight was lower in the FS and SA groups compared to that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Serum luteolin was higher in the AK and processed products groups compared to that in the HF group (P < 0.05). Gene expression of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione-s-reductase in the liver was higher in the AK processed products group than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the intake of AK and its processed products increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes in animals fed a high fat diet, reduced hepatic cholesterol content, and increased the effective absorption of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Baekhyun-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea
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