101
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Bayat FK, Polat Budak B, Yiğit EN, Öztürk G, Gülçür HÖ, Güveniş A. Adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons form aberrant glutamatergic connections in dissociated cultures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246924. [PMID: 33657119 PMCID: PMC7928449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured sensory neurons can exhibit complex activity patterns following stimulation in terms of increased excitability and interconnected responses of multiple neurons. Although these complex activity patterns suggest a network-like configuration, research so far had little interest in synaptic network formation ability of the sensory neurons. To identify interaction profiles of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons and explore their putative connectivity, we developed an in vitro experimental approach. A double transgenic mouse model, expressing genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) in their glutamatergic neurons, was produced. Dissociated DRG cultures from adult mice were prepared with a serum-free protocol and no additional growth factors or cytokines were utilized for neuronal sensitization. DRG neurons were grown on microelectrode arrays (MEA) to induce stimulus-evoked activity with a modality-free stimulation strategy. With an almost single-cell level electrical stimulation, spontaneous and evoked activity of GCaMP6s expressing neurons were detected under confocal microscope. Typical responses were analyzed, and correlated calcium events were detected across individual DRG neurons. Next, correlated responses were successfully blocked by glutamatergic receptor antagonists, which indicated functional synaptic coupling. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of synapses mainly in the axonal terminals, axon-soma junctions and axon-axon intersection sites. Concisely, the results presented here illustrate a new type of neuron-to-neuron interaction in cultured DRG neurons conducted through synapses. The developed assay can be a valuable tool to analyze individual and collective responses of the cultured sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kemal Bayat
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Polat Budak
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Nur Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, İzmit, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Özcan Gülçür
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert Güveniş
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, İstanbul, Turkey
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102
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Transcriptomic Changes Associated with Loss of Cell Viability Induced by Oxysterol Treatment of a Retinal Photoreceptor-Derived Cell Line: An In Vitro Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052339. [PMID: 33652836 PMCID: PMC7956713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) results from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme DHCR7, which catalyzes conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol (CHOL). Rats treated with a DHCR7 inhibitor serve as a SLOS animal model, and exhibit progressive photoreceptor-specific cell death, with accumulation of 7DHC and oxidized sterols. To understand the basis of this cell type specificity, we performed transcriptomic analyses on a photoreceptor-derived cell line (661W), treating cells with two 7DHC-derived oxysterols, which accumulate in tissues and bodily fluids of SLOS patients and in the rat SLOS model, as well as with CHOL (negative control), and evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment. Gene enrichment analysis and compilation of DEG sets indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and autophagy were all highly up-regulated pathways in oxysterol-treated cells. Detailed analysis indicated that the two oxysterols exert their effects via different molecular mechanisms. Changes in expression of key genes in highlighted pathways (Hmox1, Ddit3, Trib3, and Herpud1) were validated by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results extend our understanding of the pathobiology of retinal degeneration and SLOS, identifying potential new druggable targets for therapeutic intervention into these and other related orphan diseases.
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103
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Pradeep S, Tasnim T, Zhang H, Zangle TA. Simultaneous measurement of neurite and neural body mass accumulation via quantitative phase imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:1361-1368. [PMID: 33393564 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of neuron behavior is crucial for studying neural development and evaluating the impact of potential therapies on neural regeneration. Conventional approaches to imaging neuronal behavior require labeling and do not separately quantify the growth processes that underlie neural regeneration. In this paper we demonstrate the use of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) as a label-free, quantitative measurement of neuron behavior in vitro. By combining QPI with image processing, our method separately measures the mass accumulation rates of soma and neurites. Additionally, the data provided by QPI can be used to separately measure the processes of maturation and formation of neurites. Overall, our approach has the potential to greatly simplify conventional neurite outgrowth measurements, while providing key data on the resources used to produce neurites during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Pradeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, USA
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104
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Shi Y, Chen X, Liu J, Fan X, Jin Y, Gu J, Liang J, Liang X, Wang C. Isoquercetin Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats Following Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:555543. [PMID: 33633530 PMCID: PMC7900503 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.555543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response contributes to brain injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Our previous literature has shown isoquercetin plays an important role in protecting against cerebral I/R injury. The present study was conducted to further investigate the effect of isoquercetin on inflammation-induced neuronal injury in I/R rats with the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibitor of NF-κB (I-κB)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). In vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) neuron model were used. MCAO/R induced neurological deficits, cell apoptosis, and release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in ischemic brain in rats. Simultaneously, the expression of TLR4 and C5aR1 was significantly up-regulated in both MCAO/R rats and OGD/R neurons, accompanied with the inhibition of cAMP/PKA signaling and activation of I-κB/NF-κB signaling in the cortex of MCAO/R rats. Over-expression of C5aR1 in neurons induced decrease of cell viability, exerting similar effects with OGD/R injury. Isoquercetin acted as a neuroprotective agent against I/R brain injury to suppress inflammatory response and improve cell recovery by inhibiting TLR4 and C5aR1 expression, promoting cAMP/PKA activation, and inhibiting I-κB/NF-κB activation and Caspase 3 expression. TLR4 and C5aR1 contributed to inflammation and apoptosis via activating cAMP/PKA/I-κB/NF-κB signaling during cerebral I/R, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be a potent therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. Isoquercetin was identified as a neuroprotective agent, which maybe a promising therapeutic agent used for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingxiao Gu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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105
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Gómez-Oliva R, Domínguez-García S, Carrascal L, Abalos-Martínez J, Pardillo-Díaz R, Verástegui C, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P, Geribaldi-Doldán N. Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614295. [PMID: 33585240 PMCID: PMC7878535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain tumor characterized by its resistance to conventional therapies, including temozolomide, the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. Within the tumor, the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) seems to be the reason for drug resistance. The discovery of GSC has boosted the search for new experimental models to study GBM, which allow the development of new GBM treatments targeting these cells. In here, we describe different strategies currently in use to study GBM. Initial GBM investigations were focused in the development of xenograft assays. Thereafter, techniques advanced to dissociate tumor cells into single-cell suspensions, which generate aggregates referred to as neurospheres, thus facilitating their selective expansion. Concomitantly, the finding of genes involved in the initiation and progression of GBM tumors, led to the generation of mice models for the GBM. The latest advances have been the use of GBM organoids or 3D-bioprinted mini-brains. 3D bio-printing mimics tissue cytoarchitecture by combining different types of cells interacting with each other and with extracellular matrix components. These in vivo models faithfully replicate human diseases in which the effect of new drugs can easily be tested. Based on recent data from human glioblastoma, this review critically evaluates the different experimental models used in the study of GB, including cell cultures, mouse models, brain organoids, and 3D bioprinting focusing in the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression and treatment response of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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106
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Wie J, Liu Z, Song H, Tropea TF, Yang L, Wang H, Liang Y, Cang C, Aranda K, Lohmann J, Yang J, Lu B, Chen-Plotkin AS, Luk KC, Ren D. A growth-factor-activated lysosomal K + channel regulates Parkinson's pathology. Nature 2021; 591:431-437. [PMID: 33505021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have fundamental physiological roles and have previously been implicated in Parkinson's disease1-5. However, how extracellular growth factors communicate with intracellular organelles to control lysosomal function is not well understood. Here we report a lysosomal K+ channel complex that is activated by growth factors and gated by protein kinase B (AKT) that we term lysoKGF. LysoKGF consists of a pore-forming protein TMEM175 and AKT: TMEM175 is opened by conformational changes in, but not the catalytic activity of, AKT. The minor allele at rs34311866, a common variant in TMEM175, is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and reduces channel currents. Reduction in lysoKGF function predisposes neurons to stress-induced damage and accelerates the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein. By contrast, the minor allele at rs3488217-another common variant of TMEM175, which is associated with a decreased risk of developing Parkinson's disease-produces a gain-of-function in lysoKGF during cell starvation, and enables neuronal resistance to damage. Deficiency in TMEM175 leads to a loss of dopaminergic neurons and impairment in motor function in mice, and a TMEM175 loss-of-function variant is nominally associated with accelerated rates of cognitive and motor decline in humans with Parkinson's disease. Together, our studies uncover a pathway by which extracellular growth factors regulate intracellular organelle function, and establish a targetable mechanism by which common variants of TMEM175 confer risk for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wie
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chunlei Cang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Aranda
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joey Lohmann
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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107
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Limegrover CS, Yurko R, Izzo NJ, LaBarbera KM, Rehak C, Look G, Rishton G, Safferstein H, Catalano SM. Sigma-2 receptor antagonists rescue neuronal dysfunction induced by Parkinson's patient brain-derived α-synuclein. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1161-1176. [PMID: 33480104 PMCID: PMC7986605 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α‐Synuclein oligomers are thought to have a pivotal role in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α‐synucleinopathies, causing dysregulation of protein trafficking, autophagy/lysosomal function, and protein clearance, as well as synaptic function impairment underlying motor and cognitive symptoms of PD. Moreover, trans‐synaptic spread of α‐synuclein oligomers is hypothesized to mediate disease progression. Therapeutic approaches that effectively block α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced pathogenesis are urgently needed. Here, we show for the first time that α‐synuclein species isolated from human PD patient brain and recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers caused similar deficits in lipid vesicle trafficking rates in cultured rat neurons and glia, while α‐synuclein species isolated from non‐PD human control brain samples did not. Recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers also increased neuronal expression of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2A (LAMP‐2A), the lysosomal receptor that has a critical role in chaperone‐mediated autophagy. Unbiased screening of several small molecule libraries (including the NIH Clinical Collection) identified sigma‐2 receptor antagonists as the most effective at blocking α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced trafficking deficits and LAMP‐2A upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that antagonists of the sigma‐2 receptor complex may alleviate α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced neurotoxicity and are a novel therapeutic approach for disease modification in PD and related α‐synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary Look
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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108
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Finch A, Solomou G, Wykes V, Pohl U, Bardella C, Watts C. Advances in Research of Adult Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020924. [PMID: 33477674 PMCID: PMC7831916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most frequent brain tumours, representing 75% of all primary malignant brain tumours in adults. Because of their locally aggressive behaviour and the fact that they cannot be cured by current therapies, they represent one of the most devastating cancers. The present review summarises recent advances in our understanding of glioma development and progression by use of various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as more complex techniques including cultures of 3D organoids and organotypic slices. We discuss the progress that has been made in understanding glioma heterogeneity, alteration in gene expression and DNA methylation, as well as advances in various in silico models. Lastly current treatment options and future clinical trials, which aim to improve early diagnosis and disease monitoring, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
| | - Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK
| | - Victoria Wykes
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Ute Pohl
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK;
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
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109
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Chouaib B, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Blanc-Sylvestre N, Younes R, Gergely C, Raoul C, Scamps F, Cuisinier F, Romieu O. Identification of secreted factors in dental pulp cell-conditioned medium optimized for neuronal growth. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104961. [PMID: 33465470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With their potent regenerative and protective capacities, stem cell-derived conditioned media emerged as an effective alternative to cell therapy, and have a prospect to be manufactured as pharmaceutical products for tissue regeneration applications. Our study investigates the neuroregenerative potential of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) conditioned medium (CM) and defines an optimization strategy of DPC-CM for enhanced neuronal outgrowth. Primary sensory neurons from mouse dorsal root ganglia were cultured with or without DPC-CM, and the lengths of βIII-tubulin positive neurites were measured. The impacts of several manufacturing features as the duration of cell conditioning, CM storage, and preconditioning of DPCs with some factors on CM functional activity were assessed on neurite length. We observed that DPC-CM significantly enhanced neurites outgrowth of sensory neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The frozen storage of DPC-CM had no impact on experimental outcomes and 48 h of DPC conditioning is optimal for an effective activity of CM. To further understand the regenerative feature of DPC-CM, we studied DPC secretome by human growth factor antibody array analysis and revealed the presence of several factors involved in either neurogenesis, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. The conditioning of DPCs with the B-27 supplement enhanced significantly the neuroregenerative effect of their secretome by changing its composition in growth factors. Here, we show that DPC-CM significantly stimulate neurite outgrowth in primary sensory neurons. Moreover, we identified secreted protein candidates that can potentially promote this promising regenerative feature of DPC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Younes
- LBN, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Scamps
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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110
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In-vitro neuroprotective effect and mechanism of 2β-hydroxy-δ-cadinol against amyloid β-induced neuronal apoptosis. Neuroreport 2021; 31:245-250. [PMID: 31895745 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) neurotoxicity plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Aβ neurotoxicity is mediated by glutamate excitotoxicity. In our previous study, a sesquiterpenoid compound 2β-hydroxy-δ-cadinol (HOC) which exhibited antiglutamate excitotoxicity effect was isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Based on the antiglutamate excitotoxicity effect of HOC, in this study, we investigated the potential benefit of HOC in preventing Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The neuroprotective effect of HOC against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, caspase-3 activation and caspase-3 activity. Results demonstrated that HOC treatment significantly prevented Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal apoptosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of HOC in preventing Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal apoptosis may be via inhibiting Aβ(1-42)-induced ROS production, attenuating Aβ(1-42)-induced caspase-3 activation and inhibiting caspase-3 activity. This study suggests that HOC may be a potential agent for the prevention of Aβ neurotoxicity.
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111
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Pomella S, Sreenivas P, Gryder BE, Wang L, Milewski D, Cassandri M, Baxi K, Hensch NR, Carcarino E, Song Y, Chou HC, Yohe ME, Stanton BZ, Amadio B, Caruana I, De Stefanis C, De Vito R, Locatelli F, Chen Y, Chen EY, Houghton P, Khan J, Rota R, Ignatius MS. Interaction between SNAI2 and MYOD enhances oncogenesis and suppresses differentiation in Fusion Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:192. [PMID: 33420019 PMCID: PMC7794422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the muscle, that includes Fusion Positive (FP)-RMS harboring PAX3/7-FOXO1 and Fusion Negative (FN)-RMS commonly with RAS pathway mutations. RMS express myogenic master transcription factors MYOD and MYOG yet are unable to terminally differentiate. Here, we report that SNAI2 is highly expressed in FN-RMS, is oncogenic, blocks myogenic differentiation, and promotes growth. MYOD activates SNAI2 transcription via super enhancers with striped 3D contact architecture. Genome wide chromatin binding analysis demonstrates that SNAI2 preferentially binds enhancer elements and competes with MYOD at a subset of myogenic enhancers required for terminal differentiation. SNAI2 also suppresses expression of a muscle differentiation program modulated by MYOG, MEF2, and CDKN1A. Further, RAS/MEK-signaling modulates SNAI2 levels and binding to chromatin, suggesting that the differentiation blockade by oncogenic RAS is mediated in part by SNAI2. Thus, an interplay between SNAI2, MYOD, and RAS prevents myogenic differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prethish Sreenivas
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Long Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kunal Baxi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole R Hensch
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Carcarino
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Young Song
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Marielle E Yohe
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Z Stanton
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Bruno Amadio
- SAFU Laboratory, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Departmentof Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eleanor Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Myron S Ignatius
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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112
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Senbabaoglu F, Aksu AC, Cingoz A, Seker-Polat F, Borklu-Yucel E, Solaroglu İ, Bagci-Onder T. Drug Repositioning Screen on a New Primary Cell Line Identifies Potent Therapeutics for Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:578316. [PMID: 33390879 PMCID: PMC7773901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with limited treatment options and high mortality rate. While established glioblastoma cell line models provide valuable information, they ultimately lose most primary characteristics of tumors under long-term serum culture conditions. Therefore, established cell lines do not necessarily recapitulate genetic and morphological characteristics of real tumors. In this study, in line with the growing interest in using primary cell line models derived from patient tissue, we generated a primary glioblastoma cell line, KUGBM8 and characterized its genetic alterations, long term growth ability, tumor formation capacity and its response to Temozolomide, the front-line chemotherapy utilized clinically. In addition, we performed a drug repurposing screen on the KUGBM8 cell line to identify FDA-approved agents that can be incorporated into glioblastoma treatment regimen and identified Topotecan as a lead drug among 1,200 drugs. We showed Topotecan can induce cell death in KUGBM8 and other primary cell lines and cooperate with Temozolomide in low dosage combinations. Together, our study provides a new primary cell line model that can be suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies and suggests that Topotecan can offer promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingoz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Borklu-Yucel
- Medical Genetics Department and Diagnostic Center for Genetic Diseases, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Solaroglu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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113
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Morii A, Katayama S, Inazu T. Establishment of a Simple Method for Inducing Neuronal Differentiation of P19 EC Cells without Embryoid Body Formation and Analysis of the Role of Histone Deacetylase 8 Activity in This Differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1096-1103. [PMID: 32612072 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P19 pluripotent embryonic carcinoma (EC) stem cells are derived from pluripotent germ cell tumours and can differentiate into three germ layers. Treatment of these cells in suspension culture with retinoic acid induces their differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Hence, these cells are an excellent in vitro model to study the transition from the upper blastoderm to the neuroectoderm. However, because of the complex nature of the techniques involved, the results are highly dependent on the skills of the experimenter. Herein, we developed a simple method to induce neuronal differentiation of adherent P19 EC cells in TaKaRa NDiff® 227 serum-free medium (originally N2B27 medium). This medium markedly induced neuronal differentiation of P19 EC cells. The addition of retinoic acid to the NDiff® 227 medium further enhanced differentiation. Furthermore, cells differentiated by the conventional method, as well as the new method, showed identical expression of the mature neuronal marker, neuronal nuclei. To determine whether our approach could be applied for neuronal studies, we measured histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) activity using an HDAC8 inhibitor and HDAC8-knockout P19 EC cells. Inhibition of HDAC8 activity suppressed neuronal maturation. Additionally, HDAC8-knockout cell lines showed immature differentiation compared to the wild-type cell line. These results indicate that HDAC8 directly regulates the neuronal differentiation of P19 EC cells. Thus, our method involving P19 EC cells can be used as an experimental system to study the nervous system. Moreover, this method is suitable for screening drugs that affect the nervous system and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Morii
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Tetsuya Inazu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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114
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Cliver RN, Ayers B, Brady A, Firestein BL, Vazquez M. Cerebrospinal fluid replacement solutions promote neuroglia migratory behaviors and spinal explant outgrowth in microfluidic culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:176-188. [PMID: 33274811 DOI: 10.1002/term.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the nervous system (NS) impact millions of adults, worldwide, as a consequence of traumatic injury, genetic illness, or chronic health conditions. Contemporary studies have begun to incorporate neuroglia into emerging NS therapies to harness the regenerative potential of glial-mediated synapses in the brain and spinal cord. However, the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds neuroglia and interfaces with their associated synapses remains only partially explored. The flow of CSF within subarachnoid spaces (SAS) circulates essential polypeptides, metabolites, and growth factors that directly impact neural response and recovery via signaling with healthy glia. Despite the availability of artificial CSF solutions used in neurosurgery and NS treatments, tissue engineering projects continue to use cell culture media, such as Neurobasal (NB) and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), for development and characterization of many transplantable cells, matrixes, and integrated cellular systems. The current study examined in vitro behaviors of glial Schwann cells (ShC) and spinal cord explants (SCE) within a CSF replacement solution, Elliott's B Solution (EBS), used widely in the treatment of NS disorders. Our tests used EBS to create defined chemical microenvironments of extracellular factors within a glial line (gLL) microfluidic device, previously described by our group. The gLL is comparable in scale to the in vivo SAS that envelopes endogenous CSF and enables molecular transport via mechanisms of convective diffusion. Our results illustrate that EBS solutions facilitate ShC survival, morphology, and proliferation similar to those measured in traditional DMEM, and additionally support glial chemotactic behaviors in response to brain-derived growth factor (BDNF). Our data indicates that ShC undergo significant chemotaxis toward high and low concentration gradients of BDNF with statistical differences between gradients formed within diluents of EBS and DMEM solutions. Moreover, SCE cultured with EBS solutions facilitated measurement of neurite explant extension commensurate with reported in vivo measurements. This data highlights the translational significance and advantages of incorporating CSF replacement fluids to interrogate cellular behaviors and advance regenerative NS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Cliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian Ayers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alyssa Brady
- Department of Physics, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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115
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Isaac E, Pfeffer PL. Growing cattle embryos beyond Day 8 - An investigation of media components. Theriogenology 2020; 161:273-284. [PMID: 33360161 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of viable cattle embryos in culture to stages beyond the hatching blastocyst is of interest to developmental biologists wishing to understand developmental events beyond the first lineage decision, as well as for commercial applications, because a lengthening of the culturing time allows more time for diagnostic tests on biopsies, whereas extended survival can be used as a better assay system for monitoring developmental potential. We here report on a novel extended culture medium for embryo growth until embryonic day (Day) 12. We used a non-invasive morphological characterisation system that scored viability, inner cell mass (ICM) grade, hatching and embryo and ICM diameter. The basal medium was based on published uterine fluid concentrations of amino acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes. Addition of fetal bovine serum was necessary and the additive ITSX greatly improved culture success. We tested the inclusion of a seven-growth factor cocktail consisting of Activin A, Artemin, BMP4, EGF, FGF4, GM-CSF/CSF2 and LIF, as well as omission of individual components of the cocktail. In the context of the growth factor cocktail, Artemin and BMP4 provided the greatest benefit, while FGF omission had more positive than negative effects on embryo characteristics. Lastly, replacement of ITSX by B27-additive led to the most successful culture of embryos, in all media permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Isaac
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Kelburn Campus, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Peter L Pfeffer
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Kelburn Campus, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
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116
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Moujahed S, Ruiz A, Hallegue D, Sakly M. Quercetin alleviates styrene oxide-induced cytotoxicity in cortical neurons in vitro via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1634-1643. [PMID: 33297769 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1851706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Styrene 7,8-oxide (SO) is the principal metabolite of styrene, an industrial neurotoxic compound which causes various neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms of SO cytotoxicity (0.5 - 4 mM) in primary cortical neurons and to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of quercetin (QUER). Our results showed that exposure to SO decreased viability of cortical neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of QUER, cell viability was increased significantly. The neuroprotective effects of QUER were associated with the reduction of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), the decrease in calcium overload and the restoration of mitochondrial membrane depolarization caused by SO. Additionally, to evaluate neuronal death mechanisms triggered by SO, cells were incubated with Ac-DEVD-CHO, Calpeptin and Necrostatin-1, pharmacological inhibitors of caspase-3, calpains and necroptosis respectively. The data showed that the three inhibitors reduced cell death induced by SO and suggested the implication of apoptotic, necrotic and necroptotic pathways. However, western blot analysis showed that QUER attenuated the activation of caspase-3 but did not prevent calpain activity. Taken together, these data indicated that the cytotoxicity of SO was mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis mechanisms, while the neuroprotection provided by QUER against SO depended mainly on its anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Moujahed
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Asier Ruiz
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Dorsaf Hallegue
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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117
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Shaik FA, Ihida S, Ikeuchi Y, Tixier-Mita A, Toshiyoshi H. TFT sensor array for real-time cellular characterization, stimulation, impedance measurement and optical imaging of in-vitro neural cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112546. [PMID: 32911315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Real-time in-vitro multi-modality characterization of neuronal cell ensemble involves highly complex interdependent phenomena and processes. Although a variety of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been reported, diagnosis techniques are limited in term of sensing area, optical transparency, resolution and number of modalities. This paper presents an optically transparent thin-film-transistor (TFT) array biosensor chip for neuronal ensemble investigation, in which TFT electrodes are used for six modalities including extracellular voltage recording of both action potential (AP) and local field potential (LFP), current or voltage stimulation, chemical stimulation, electrical impedance measurement, and optical imaging. The sensor incorporates a large sensing area (15.6 mm × 15.6 mm) with a 200 × 150 array of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes placed at a 50 μm or 100 μm pixel pitch and with 10 ms temporal resolution; these performances are comparable to the state-of-the-art MEA devices. The TFT electrode array is designed based on the switch matrix architecture. The reliability and stability of TFTs are examined by measuring their electrical characteristics. Impedance spectroscopy function is verified by mapping the neuron position and the status (cells alive or dead, contamination) on the electrodes, which facilitates the biochemical studies in electrical domain that adds quantitative views to visual observation of cells through the optical microscopy. An in-vitro neuron culture is studied using electrophysiological, electrochemical, and optical characterization. Detailed signal analysis is demonstrated to prove the capability of bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Azam Shaik
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; UMR 8161, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, France.
| | - Satoshi Ihida
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Sharp Corporation, 1-2-3 Shibaura, Minato, Tokyo, 105-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Agnès Tixier-Mita
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toshiyoshi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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118
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Li Y, Yang J, Fu G, Zhou P, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiao G. [Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neuron-like cells after induction with B27-supplemented serum-free medium]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1340-1345. [PMID: 32990222 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capacity and efficiency of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) to differentiate into neuron- like cells after induction with B27- supplemented serum- free medium. METHODS HUCMSCs at passage 4 were cultured for 14 days with serum-containing medium (SCM) (group A), SCM supplemented with 20 ng/mL nerve growth factor (NGF) and 10 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (group B), serum-free medium (SFM) (group C), or SFM supplemented with 20 ng/mL NGF and 10 ng/mL bFGF. The culture medium were changed every 3 days and the growth of the neurospheres was observed using an inverted microscope. The cell markers were analyzed with flow cytometry and the expressions of nestin, neuron- specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Before induction, HUCMSCs expressed abundant mesenchymal stem cell surface markers including CD29 (99.5%), CD44 (49.6%) and CD105 (77.7%). Neuron-like cells were observed in the cultures on days 7, 10, and 14, and the cell differentiation was the best in group D, followed by groups C, B and A. In all the 4 groups, the cellular expressions of nestin and GFAP gradually lowered while those of NEFH and NSE increased progressively. The expressions of GFAP, NEFH, nestin and NSE were significantly different between group A and the other 3 groups (P < 0.001 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS B27-supplemented SFM effectively induces the differentiation of HUCMSCs into neuron- like cells, and the supplementation with cytokines (NGF and bFGF) strongly promotes the cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinpei Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Shenhe Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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119
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The neuroprotective effects of stimulation of NMDA receptors against POX-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal cultured neurons; a morphometric study. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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120
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Ming Y, Hasan MF, Tatic-Lucic S, Berdichevsky Y. Micro Three-Dimensional Neuronal Cultures Generate Developing Cortex-Like Activity Patterns. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:563905. [PMID: 33122989 PMCID: PMC7573570 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.563905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies aimed at neurological drug discovery have been carried out both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro cell culture models have showed potential as drug testing platforms characterized by high throughput, low cost, good reproducibility and ease of handling and observation. However, in vitro neuronal culture models are facing challenges in replicating in vivo-like activity patterns. This work reports an in vitro culture technique that is capable of producing micro three-dimensional (μ3D) cultures of only a few tens of neurons. The μ3D cultures generated by this method were uniform in size and density of neurons. These μ3D cultures had complex spontaneous synchronized neuronal activity patterns which were similar to those observed in the developing cortex and in much larger 3D cultures, but not in 2D cultures. Bursts could be reliably evoked by stimulation of single neurons. Synchronized bursts in μ3D cultures were abolished by inhibitors of glutamate receptors, while inhibitors of GABAA receptors had a more complex effect. This pharmacological profile is similar to bursts in neonatal cortex. Since large numbers of reproducible μ3D cultures can be created and observed in parallel, this model of the developing cortex may find applications in high-throughput drug discovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ming
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Md Fayad Hasan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Svetlana Tatic-Lucic
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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121
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Qiu B, Bessler N, Figler K, Buchholz M, Rios AC, Malda J, Levato R, Caiazzo M. Bioprinting Neural Systems to Model Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910250. [PMID: 34566552 PMCID: PMC8444304 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, pharmaceutical progresses in central nervous system (CNS) diseases are clearly hampered by the lack of suitable disease models. Indeed, animal models do not faithfully represent human neurodegenerative processes and human in vitro 2D cell culture systems cannot recapitulate the in vivo complexity of neural systems. The search for valuable models of neurodegenerative diseases has recently been revived by the addition of 3D culture that allows to re-create the in vivo microenvironment including the interactions among different neural cell types and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In this review, the new challenges in the field of CNS diseases in vitro 3D modeling are discussed, focusing on the implementation of bioprinting approaches enabling positional control on the generation of the 3D microenvironments. The focus is specifically on the choice of the optimal materials to simulate the ECM brain compartment and the biofabrication technologies needed to shape the cellular components within a microenvironment that significantly represents brain biochemical and biophysical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Qiu
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Nils Bessler
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Kianti Figler
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Maj‐Britt Buchholz
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 100Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
- Department of Equine SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 112Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 100Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
- Department of Equine SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 112Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Via Pansini 5Naples80131Italy
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122
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Ashok P, Parikh A, Du C, Tzanakakis ES. Xenogeneic-Free System for Biomanufacturing of Cardiomyocyte Progeny From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:571425. [PMID: 33195131 PMCID: PMC7644809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.571425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional heart cells and tissues sourced from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for substantially advancing treatments of cardiovascular maladies. Realization of this potential will require the development of cost-effective and tunable bioprocesses for manufacturing hPSC-based cell therapeutics. Here, we report the development of a xeno-free platform for guiding the cardiogenic commitment of hPSCs. The system is based on a fully defined, open-source formulation without complex supplements, which have varied and often undetermined effects on stem cell physiology. The formulation was used to systematically investigate factors inducing the efficient commitment to cardiac mesoderm of three hPSC lines. Contractile clusters of cells appeared within a week of differentiation in planar cultures and by day 13 over 80% of the cells expressed cardiac progeny markers such as TNNT2. In conjunction with expansion, this differentiation strategy was employed in stirred-suspension cultures of hPSCs. Scalable differentiation resulted in 0.4-2 million CMs/ml or ∼5-20 TNNT2-positive cells per seeded hPSC without further enrichment. Our findings will contribute to the engineering of bioprocesses advancing the manufacturing of stem cell-based therapeutics for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ashok
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | | | - Chuang Du
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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123
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Huo KG, D'Arcangelo E, Tsao MS. Patient-derived cell line, xenograft and organoid models in lung cancer therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2214-2232. [PMID: 33209645 PMCID: PMC7653147 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for most cancer-related deaths worldwide and has an overall 5-year survival rate of ~15%. Cell lines have played important roles in the study of cancer biology and potential therapeutic targets, as well as pre-clinical testing of novel drugs. However, most experimental therapies that have cleared preclinical testing using established cell lines have failed phase III clinical trials. This suggests that such models may not adequately recapitulate patient tumor biology and clinical outcome predictions. Here, we discuss and compare different pre-clinical lung cancer models, including established cell lines, patient-derived cell lines, xenografts and organoids, summarize the methodology for generating these models, and review their relative advantages and limitations in different oncologic research applications. We further discuss additional gaps in patient-derived pre-clinical models to better recapitulate tumor biology and improve their clinical predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Geng Huo
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa D'Arcangelo
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Sengupta S, Johnson B, Seirup M, Ardalani H, Duffin B, Barrett-Wilt GA, Stewart R, Thomson JA. Co-culture with mouse embryonic fibroblasts improves maintenance of metabolic function of human small hepatocyte progenitor cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:70-84. [PMID: 34345838 PMCID: PMC8320630 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivation and culture of small hepatocyte progenitor cells (SHPCs) capable of proliferating in vitro has been described in rodents and recently in humans. These cells are capable of engrafting in injured livers, however, they display de-differentiated morphology and reduced xenobiotic metabolism activity in culture over passages. Here we report that SHPCs derived from adult primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) not only display differentiated morphology and exhibit gene expression profiles similar to adult PHHs, but importantly, they retain their phenotype over several passages. Further, unlike previous reports, where extensive manipulations of culture conditions are required to convert SHPCs to metabolically functional hepatocytes, SHPCs in our co-culture system maintain expression of xenobiotic metabolism-associated genes. We show that SHPCs in co-culture are able to perform xenobiotic metabolism at rates equal to their parent PHHs as evidenced by the metabolism of acetaminophen to all of its major metabolites. In summary, we present an improved co-culture system that allows generation of SHPCs from adult PHHs that maintain their differentiated phenotype over multiple passages. Our findings would be useful for expansion of limited PHHs for use in studies of drug metabolism and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar Sengupta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Morten Seirup
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Dianomi Therapeutics, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Hamisha Ardalani
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Bret Duffin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Barrett-Wilt
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
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125
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Ripon MKH, Lee H, Dash R, Choi HJ, Oktaviani DF, Moon IS, Haque MN. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase binds dynein light chain roadblock 1 and promotes protein aggregate clearance. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:619. [PMID: 32796833 PMCID: PMC7427805 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) result from a failure to clear toxic protein aggregates rather than from their generation. We previously showed N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK) promotes dynein functionality and suggested this might promote aggregate removal and effectively address proteinopathies. Here, we report NAGK interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and efficiently suppresses mutant huntingtin (mHtt) (Q74) and α-synuclein (α-syn) A53T aggregation in mouse brain cells. A kinase-inactive NAGKD107A also efficiently cleared Q74 aggregates. Yeast two-hybrid selection and in silico protein-protein docking analysis showed the small domain of NAGK (NAGK-DS) binds to the C-terminal of DYNLRB1. Furthermore, a small peptide derived from NAGK-DS interfered with Q74 clearance. We propose binding of NAGK-DS to DYNLRB1 'pushes up' the tail of dynein light chain and confers momentum for inactive phi- to active open-dynein transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain Ripon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - HyunSook Lee
- Section of Neuroscience, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea. .,Section of Neuroscience, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
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126
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Pereiro X, Miltner AM, La Torre A, Vecino E. Effects of Adult Müller Cells and Their Conditioned Media on the Survival of Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1759. [PMID: 32708020 PMCID: PMC7465792 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurons, particularly retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), are susceptible to the degenerative damage caused by different inherited conditions and environmental insults, leading to irreversible vision loss and, ultimately, blindness. Numerous strategies are being tested in different models of degeneration to restore vision and, in recent years, stem cell technologies have offered novel avenues to obtain donor cells for replacement therapies. To date, stem cell-based transplantation in the retina has been attempted as treatment for photoreceptor degeneration, but the same tools could potentially be applied to other retinal cell types, including RGCs. However, RGC-like cells are not an abundant cell type in stem cell-derived cultures and, often, these cells degenerate over time in vitro. To overcome this limitation, we have taken advantage of the neuroprotective properties of Müller glia (one of the main glial cell types in the retina) and we have examined whether Müller glia and the factors they secrete could promote RGC-like cell survival in organoid cultures. Accordingly, stem cell-derived RGC-like cells were co-cultured with adult Müller cells or Müller cell-conditioned media was added to the cultures. Remarkably, RGC-like cell survival was substantially enhanced in both culture conditions, and we also observed a significant increase in their neurite length. Interestingly, Atoh7, a transcription factor required for RGC development, was up-regulated in stem cell-derived organoids exposed to conditioned media, suggesting that Müller cells may also enhance the survival of retinal progenitors and/or postmitotic precursor cells. In conclusion, Müller cells and the factors they release promote organoid-derived RGC-like cell survival, neuritogenesis, and possibly neuronal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Pereiro
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain;
| | - Adam M. Miltner
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.M.M.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.M.M.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Elena Vecino
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain;
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127
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Ceder MM, Lekholm E, Klaesson A, Tripathi R, Schweizer N, Weldai L, Patil S, Fredriksson R. Glucose Availability Alters Gene and Protein Expression of Several Newly Classified and Putative Solute Carriers in Mice Cortex Cell Culture and D. melanogaster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579. [PMID: 32733888 PMCID: PMC7358622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many newly identified solute carriers (SLCs) and putative transporters have the possibility to be intricately involved in glucose metabolism. Here we show that many transporters of this type display a high degree of regulation at both mRNA and protein level following no or low glucose availability in mouse cortex cultures. We show that this is also the case in Drosophila melanogaster subjected to starvation or diets with different sugar content. Interestingly, re-introduction of glucose to media, or refeeding flies, normalized the gene expression of a number of the targets, indicating a fast and highly dynamic control. Our findings demonstrate high conservation of these transporters and how dependent both cell cultures and organisms are on gene and protein regulation during metabolic fluctuations. Several transporter genes were regulated simultaneously maybe to initiate alternative metabolic pathways as a response to low glucose levels, both in the cell cultures and in D. melanogaster. Our results display that newly identified SLCs of Major Facilitator Superfamily type, as well as the putative transporters included in our study, are regulated by glucose availability and could be involved in several cellular aspects dependent of glucose and/or its metabolites. Recently, a correlation between dysregulation of glucose in the central nervous system and numerous diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as neurological disease such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases indicate a complex regulation and fine tuning of glucose levels in the brain. The fact that almost one third of transporters and transporter-related proteins remain orphans with unknown or contradictive substrate profile, location and function, pinpoint the need for further research about them to fully understand their mechanistic role and their impact on cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M Ceder
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilia Lekholm
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Klaesson
- Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rekha Tripathi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadine Schweizer
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lydia Weldai
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sourabh Patil
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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128
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Gläser A, Hammerl F, Gräler MH, Coldewey SM, Völkner C, Frech MJ, Yang F, Luo J, Tönnies E, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Brandt N, Heimes D, Neßlauer AM, Korenke GC, Owczarek-Lipska M, Neidhardt J, Rolfs A, Wree A, Witt M, Bräuer AU. Identification of Brain-Specific Treatment Effects in NPC1 Disease by Focusing on Cellular and Molecular Changes of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124502. [PMID: 32599915 PMCID: PMC7352403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal storage disorder, inherited as an autosomal-recessive trait. Mutations in the Npc1 gene result in malfunction of the NPC1 protein, leading to an accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Beside visceral symptoms like hepatosplenomegaly, severe neurological symptoms such as ataxia occur. Here, we analyzed the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) axis in different brain regions of Npc1-/- mice and evaluated specific effects of treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) together with the iminosugar miglustat. Using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), mass spectrometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses, we studied lipid metabolism in an NPC1 mouse model and human skin fibroblasts. Lipid analyses showed disrupted S1P metabolism in Npc1-/- mice in all brain regions, together with distinct changes in S1pr3/S1PR3 and S1pr5/S1PR5 expression. Brains of Npc1-/- mice showed only weak treatment effects. However, side effects of the treatment were observed in Npc1+/+ mice. The S1P/S1PR axis seems to be involved in NPC1 pathology, showing only weak treatment effects in mouse brain. S1pr expression appears to be affected in human fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neural progenitor and neuronal differentiated cells. Nevertheless, treatment-induced side effects make examination of further treatment strategies indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gläser
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.G.); (F.H.); (N.B.)
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Franziska Hammerl
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.G.); (F.H.); (N.B.)
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christin Völkner
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.L.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.L.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Tönnies
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (E.T.); (O.v.B.u.H.)
| | - Oliver von Bohlen und Halbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (E.T.); (O.v.B.u.H.)
| | - Nicola Brandt
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.G.); (F.H.); (N.B.)
| | - Diana Heimes
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna-Maria Neßlauer
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
| | | | - Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (M.O.-L.); (J.N.)
- Junior Research Group, Genetics of childhood brain malformations, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - John Neidhardt
- Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (M.O.-L.); (J.N.)
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg,26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Witt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Anja Ursula Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.G.); (F.H.); (N.B.)
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.H.); (A.-M.N.); (A.W.); (M.W.)
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg,26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-441-798-3995
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129
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Wang J, Chen Y, Bai Y, Quan D, Wang Z, Xiong L, Shao Z, Sun W, Mi S. A core-skirt designed artificial cornea with orthogonal microfiber grid scaffold. Exp Eye Res 2020; 195:108037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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130
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Casillas‐Espinosa PM, Ali I, O'Brien TJ. Neurodegenerative pathways as targets for acquired epilepsy therapy development. Epilepsia Open 2020; 5:138-154. [PMID: 32524040 PMCID: PMC7278567 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical and experimental evidence that neurodegenerative diseases and epileptogenesis after an acquired brain insult may share common etiological mechanisms. Acquired epilepsy commonly develops as a comorbid condition in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, although it is likely much under diagnosed in practice. Progressive neurodegeneration has also been described after traumatic brain injury, stroke, and other forms of brain insults. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that acquired epilepsy is often a progressive disorder that is associated with the development of drug resistance, cognitive decline, and worsening of other neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, new pharmacological therapies that target neurobiological pathways that underpin neurodegenerative diseases have potential to have both an anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effect on the seizures in patients with acquired epilepsy, and also mitigate the progressive neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Here, we review the neurodegenerative pathways that are plausible targets for the development of novel therapies that could prevent the development or modify the progression of acquired epilepsy, and the supporting published experimental and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M. Casillas‐Espinosa
- Departments of Neuroscience and MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of MedicineThe Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Departments of Neuroscience and MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of MedicineThe Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Departments of Neuroscience and MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of MedicineThe Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of NeurologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of NeurologyThe Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVic.Australia
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131
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Mai N, Prifti V, Kim M, Halterman MW. Characterization of neutrophil-neuronal co-cultures to investigate mechanisms of post-ischemic immune-mediated neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108782. [PMID: 32445795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated reperfusion injury is a critical component of post-ischemic central nervous system (CNS) damage. In this context, the activation and recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to the CNS induces neurotoxicity in part through the release of degradative enzymes, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. However, the extent to which close-range interactions between PMNs and neurons contribute to injury in this context has not been directly investigated. NEW METHOD We devised a co-culture model to investigate mechanisms of PMN-dependent neurotoxicity. Specifically, we established the effect of PMN dose, co-incident neuronal ischemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PMN priming, and the requirement for cell-cell contact on cumulative neuron damage. RESULTS AND COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD(S) Pre-exposure of day in vitro 10 primary cortical neurons to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) enhanced PMN-dependent neuronal death. Likewise, LPS-induced priming of the PMN donor further increased PMN-induced toxicity in vitro compared to saline-injected controls. Compartmentalization of LPS-primed PMNs using net wells confirmed the requirement for close-range cell-cell interactions in the process of PMN-induced neuronal injury. Moreover, time-lapse imaging and quantitative neurite analyses implicate PMN-neurite interactions in this pathological response. These experiments establish a platform to investigate immune and neural factors that contribute to post-ischemic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic and immune priming enhance neurotoxicity in PMN-neuronal co-cultures. Moreover, cell-cell contact and neurite destruction are prominent features in the observed mechanism of post-ischemic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Viollandi Prifti
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Marc W Halterman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
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Cheng J, Tang JC, Pan MX, Chen SF, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Zhuang Y, Lei RX, Wang S, Liu AC, Chen J, Zhang ZH, Li HT, Wan Q, Chen QX. l-lysine confers neuroprotection by suppressing inflammatory response via microRNA-575/PTEN signaling after mouse intracerebral hemorrhage injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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133
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Godoy-Parejo C, Deng C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen G. Roles of vitamins in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1771-1791. [PMID: 31676963 PMCID: PMC11104807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can differentiate to diverse cell types in our body, and they hold great promises in both basic research and clinical therapies. For specific stem cell types, distinctive nutritional and signaling components are required to maintain the proliferation capacity and differentiation potential in cell culture. Various vitamins play essential roles in stem cell culture to modulate cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Besides their common nutritional functions, specific vitamins are recently shown to modulate signal transduction and epigenetics. In this article, we will first review classical vitamin functions in both somatic and stem cell cultures. We will then focus on how stem cells could be modulated by vitamins beyond their nutritional roles. We believe that a better understanding of vitamin functions will significantly benefit stem cell research, and help realize their potentials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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134
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Moutin E, Hemonnot AL, Seube V, Linck N, Rassendren F, Perroy J, Compan V. Procedures for Culturing and Genetically Manipulating Murine Hippocampal Postnatal Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:19. [PMID: 32425766 PMCID: PMC7204911 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hippocampal cultures are simple and valuable models for studying neuronal function. While embryonic cultures are widely used for different applications, mouse postnatal cultures are still challenging, lack reproducibility and/or exhibit inappropriate neuronal activity. Yet, postnatal cultures have major advantages such as allowing genotyping of pups before culture and reducing the number of experimental animals. Herein we describe a simple and fast protocol for culturing and genetically manipulating hippocampal neurons from P0 to P3 mice. This protocol provides reproducible cultures exhibiting a consistent neuronal development, normal excitatory over inhibitory neuronal ratio and a physiological neuronal activity. We also describe simple and efficient procedures for genetic manipulation of neurons using transfection reagent or lentiviral particles. Overall, this method provides a detailed and validated protocol allowing to explore cellular mechanisms and neuronal activity in postnatal hippocampal neurons in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Moutin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Hemonnot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Seube
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Linck
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - François Rassendren
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Compan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
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135
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A Simplified, Fully Defined Differentiation Scheme for Producing Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells from Human iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:1380-1388. [PMID: 31189096 PMCID: PMC6565873 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived developmental lineages are key tools for in vitro mechanistic interrogations, drug discovery, and disease modeling. iPSCs have previously been differentiated to endothelial cells with blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties, as defined by high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), low passive permeability, and active transporter functions. Typical protocols use undefined components, which impart unacceptable variability on the differentiation process. We demonstrate that replacement of serum with fully defined components, from common medium supplements to a simple mixture of insulin, transferrin, and selenium, yields BBB endothelium with TEER in the range of 2,000-8,000 Ω × cm2 across multiple iPSC lines, with appropriate marker expression and active transporters. The use of a fully defined medium vastly improves the consistency of differentiation, and co-culture of BBB endothelium with iPSC-derived astrocytes produces a robust in vitro neurovascular model. This defined differentiation scheme should broadly enable the use of human BBB endothelium for diverse applications.
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136
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The Dynein Adaptor RILP Controls Neuronal Autophagosome Biogenesis, Transport, and Clearance. Dev Cell 2020; 53:141-153.e4. [PMID: 32275887 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays critical roles in neurodegeneration and development, but how this pathway is organized and regulated in neurons remains poorly understood. Here, we find that the dynein adaptor RILP is essential for retrograde transport of neuronal autophagosomes, and surprisingly, their biogenesis as well. We find that induction of autophagy by mTOR inhibition specifically upregulates RILP expression and its localization to autophagosomes. RILP depletion or mutations in its LC3-binding LIR motifs strongly decrease autophagosome numbers suggesting an unexpected RILP role in autophagosome biogenesis. We find that RILP also interacts with ATG5 on isolation membranes, precluding premature dynein recruitment and autophagosome transport. RILP inhibition impedes autophagic turnover and causes p62/sequestosome-1 aggregation. Together, our results identify an mTOR-responsive neuronal autophagy pathway, wherein RILP integrates the processes of autophagosome biogenesis and retrograde transport to control autophagic turnover. This pathway has important implications for understanding how autophagy contributes to neuronal function, development, and disease.
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137
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Xu J, Lian W, Chen J, Li W, Li L, Huang Z. Chemical-defined medium supporting the expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:125. [PMID: 32192530 PMCID: PMC7083066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been intensively investigated as to their therapeutic potentials. However, the full chemical-defined medium supporting the isolation and expansion of human MSCs has not been developed yet. Materials and methods Here, we developed the full chemical-defined medium, NBVbe medium, via RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and growth factor screening. Results The NBVbe medium contains N2B27 medium with the BSA (bovine serum albumin) replaced by the recombinant human albumin, bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), vitamin C, and EGF (epidermal growth factor). The NBVbe medium could support the isolation and expansion of human MSCs from the umbilical cords. Conclusions The full chemical-defined medium supporting the isolation and expansion of human MSCs has been developed. This would be helpful for further optimization of the MSC medium, their clinical applications, and molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children Health Institute of Futian, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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138
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Tang W, Fang F, Liu K, Huang Z, Li H, Yin Y, Wang J, Wang G, Wei L, Ou Y, Wang Y. Aligned Biofunctional Electrospun PLGA-LysoGM1 Scaffold for Traumatic Brain Injury Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2209-2218. [PMID: 33455302 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to poor regenerative capabilities of the brain, a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a serious challenge to modern medicine. Biofunctional scaffolds that can support neuronal growth, guide neurite elongation, and re-establish impaired brain tissues are urgently needed. To this end, we developed an aligned biofunctional scaffold (aPLGA-LysoGM1), in which poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was functionalized with sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase (SCDase)-hydrolyzed monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (LysoGM1) and electrospinning was used to form an aligned fibrous network. As a ganglioside of neuronal membranes, the functionalized LysoGM1 endows the scaffold with unique biological properties favoring the growth of neuron and regeneration of injured brain tissues. Moreover, we found that the aligned PLGA-LysoGM1 fibers acted as a topographical cue to guide neurite extension, which is critical for organizing the formation of synaptic networks (neural networks). Systematic in vitro studies demonstrated that the aligned biofunctional scaffold promotes neuronal viability, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation and also protects neurons from pressure-related injury. Additionally, in a rat TBI model, we demonstrated that the implantation of aPLGA-LysoGM1 scaffold supported recovery from brain injury, as more endogenous neurons were found to migrate and infiltrate into the defect zone compared with alternative scaffold. These results suggest that the aligned biofunctional aPLGA-LysoGM1 scaffold represents a promising therapeutic strategy for brain tissue regeneration following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liyu Wei
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Ou
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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139
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Zhang L, Yu H, Yuan Y, Yu JS, Lou Z, Xue Y, Liu Y. The necessity for standardization of glioma stem cell culture: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:84. [PMID: 32102678 PMCID: PMC7045630 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer stem cell hypothesis is an old idea which has been revived in recent years for many cancers, including gliomas. However, this concept has become controversial due to a series of studies with conflicting results. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Web of Science database to analyze studies using serum-free medium and its components in glioma stem cells, glioma stem-like cells, glioma-initiating cells, or glioma neurosphere cultures. All the studies reviewed were published between 1970 and 2019. We found that no standardized culture method was used, and the data were incomparable due to differing culture conditions and the use of media with different components. CONCLUSIONS Here, we review the most commonly used serum-free media and added components for glioma stem cell culture while highlighting the function of each component used in the media. We emphasize the necessity for standardization of glioma stem cell culture and propose a standard culture medium to prevent bias in glioma stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, # 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, # 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, # 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, # 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China.
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140
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Zhong Q, Zou Y, Liu H, Chen T, Zheng F, Huang Y, Chen C, Zhang Z. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency ameliorates β2-microglobulin induced age-related cognition decline due to neuroinflammation in mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:20. [PMID: 32059688 PMCID: PMC7023753 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a crucial receptor in neuroinflammation and apoptotic neuronal death, and increasing evidences indicated that β2-microglobulin (B2M) is thought to be a major contributor to age-related cognitive decline. In present study, we designed to investigate the effects of TLR4 on B2M-induced age-related cognitive decline. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, TLR4 knockout (TLR4 -KO) mice and hippocampal neurons from the two type mice were respectively divided into two groups: (1) Veh group; (2) B2M-treated group. The behavioral responses of mice were measured using Morris Water Maze. Hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were examined using molecular biological or histopathological methods. The results showed that WT mice received B2M in the DG exhibited age-related cognitive declines, increased TLR4 mRNA expression and high levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and apoptotic neuronal death in the hippocampus, which were partially attenuated in TLR4-KO mice. Moreover, in absence of TLR4, B2M treatment improved hippocampus neurogenesis and increased synaptic related proteins. Our cell experiments further demonstrated that deletion of TLR4 could significantly increase synaptic related protein, decrease neuroinflammatory fators, inhibited apoptotic neuronal death, and regulated MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway after B2M treatment. In summary, our results support the TLR4 contributes to B2M-induced age-related cognitive decline due to neuroinflammation and apoptosis through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway via a modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic function. This may provide an important neuroprotective mechanism for improving age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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141
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In vitro modeling of dendritic atrophy in Rett syndrome: determinants for phenotypic drug screening in neurodevelopmental disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2491. [PMID: 32051524 PMCID: PMC7016139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic atrophy, defined as the reduction in complexity of the neuronal arborization, is a hallmark of several neurodevelopmental disorders, including Rett Syndrome (RTT). RTT, affecting 1:10,000 girls worldwide, is mainly caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene and has no cure. We describe here an in vitro model of dendritic atrophy in Mecp2−/y mouse hippocampal primary cultures, suitable for phenotypic drug-screening. Using High-Content Imaging techniques, we systematically investigated the impact of culturing determinants on several parameters such as neuronal survival, total dendritic length, dendritic endpoints, soma size, cell clusterization, spontaneous activity. Determinants included cell-seeding density, glass or polystyrene substrates, coating with poly-Ornithine with/without Matrigel and miniaturization from 24 to 96-half surface multiwell plates. We show that in all plate-sizes at densities below 320 cells/mm2, morphological parameters remained constant while spontaneous network activity decreased according to the cell-density. Mecp2−/y neurons cultured at 160 cells/mm2 density in 96 multiwell plates, displayed significant dendritic atrophy and showed a marked increase in dendritic length following treatment with Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or Mirtazapine. In conclusion, we have established a phenotypic assay suitable for fast screening of hundreds of compounds, which may be extended to other neurodevelopmental diseases with dendritic atrophy.
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142
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Wamaitha SE, Grybel KJ, Alanis-Lobato G, Gerri C, Ogushi S, McCarthy A, Mahadevaiah SK, Healy L, Lea RA, Molina-Arcas M, Devito LG, Elder K, Snell P, Christie L, Downward J, Turner JMA, Niakan KK. IGF1-mediated human embryonic stem cell self-renewal recapitulates the embryonic niche. Nat Commun 2020; 11:764. [PMID: 32034154 PMCID: PMC7005693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the signalling pathways regulating early human development is limited, despite their fundamental biological importance. Here, we mine transcriptomics datasets to investigate signalling in the human embryo and identify expression for the insulin and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptors, along with IGF1 ligand. Consequently, we generate a minimal chemically-defined culture medium in which IGF1 together with Activin maintain self-renewal in the absence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. Under these conditions, we derive several pluripotent stem cell lines that express pluripotency-associated genes, retain high viability and a normal karyotype, and can be genetically modified or differentiated into multiple cell lineages. We also identify active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signalling in early human embryos, and in both primed and naïve pluripotent culture conditions. This demonstrates that signalling insights from human blastocysts can be used to define culture conditions that more closely recapitulate the embryonic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissy E Wamaitha
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katarzyna J Grybel
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gregorio Alanis-Lobato
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sugako Ogushi
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Afshan McCarthy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Lyn Healy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca A Lea
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Liani G Devito
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kay Elder
- Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge, CB23 2TN, UK
| | - Phil Snell
- Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge, CB23 2TN, UK
| | | | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James M A Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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143
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Zhang Y, Venkateswaran S, Higuera GA, Nath S, Shpak G, Matray J, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA, Kushner SA, Bradley M, De Zeeuw CI. Synthetic Polymers Provide a Robust Substrate for Functional Neuron Culture. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901347. [PMID: 31943855 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substrates for neuron culture and implantation are required to be both biocompatible and display surface compositions that support cell attachment, growth, differentiation, and neural activity. Laminin, a naturally occurring extracellular matrix protein is the most widely used substrate for neuron culture and fulfills some of these requirements, however, it is expensive, unstable (compared to synthetic materials), and prone to batch-to-batch variation. This study uses a high-throughput polymer screening approach to identify synthetic polymers that supports the in vitro culture of primary mouse cerebellar neurons. This allows the identification of materials that enable primary cell attachment with high viability even under "serum-free" conditions, with materials that support both primary cells and neural progenitor cell attachment with high levels of neuronal biomarker expression, while promoting progenitor cell maturation to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Kings Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Gustavo A Higuera
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NL-3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Suvra Nath
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Shpak
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NL-3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Life Sciences, Erasmus University College, Rotterdam, 3011 HP, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Matray
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, Kings Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NL-3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
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144
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Yin L, Hu P, Shi X, Qian W, Zhau HE, Pandol SJ, Lewis MS, Chung LWK, Wang R. Cancer cell's neuroendocrine feature can be acquired through cell-cell fusion during cancer-neural stem cell interaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1216. [PMID: 31988304 PMCID: PMC6985266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced and therapy-resistant prostate tumors often display neural or neuroendocrine behavior. We assessed the consequences of prostate cancer cell interaction with neural cells, which are rich in the human prostate and resident of the prostate tumor. In 3-dimensional co-culture with neurospheres, red fluorescent human LNCaP cells formed agglomerates on the neurosphere surface. Upon induced neural differentiation, some red fluorescent cells showed morphology of fully differentiated neural cells, indicating fusion between the cancer and neural stem cells. These fusion hybrids survived for extended times in a quiescent state. A few eventually restarted cell division and propagated to form derivative hybrid progenies. Clones of the hybrid progenies were highly heterogeneous; most had lost prostatic and epithelial markers while some had acquired neural marker expression. These results indicate that cancer cells can fuse with bystander neural cells in the tumor microenvironment; and cancer cell fusion is a direct route to tumor cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yin
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xianping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weiping Qian
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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145
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Ali SR, Malone TJ, Zhang Y, Prechova M, Kaczmarek LK. Phactr1 regulates Slack (KCNT1) channels via protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). FASEB J 2020; 34:1591-1601. [PMID: 31914597 PMCID: PMC6956700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Slack (KCNT1) gene encodes sodium-activated potassium channels that are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Human mutations alter the function of Slack channels, resulting in epilepsy and intellectual disability. Most of the disease-causing mutations are located in the extended cytoplasmic C-terminus of Slack channels and result in increased Slack current. Previous experiments have shown that the C-terminus of Slack channels binds a number of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. One of these is Phactr1, an actin-binding protein that recruits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to certain phosphoprotein substrates. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that Phactr1 is required to link the channels to actin. Using patch clamp recordings, we found that co-expression of Phactr1 with wild-type Slack channels reduces the current amplitude but has no effect on Slack channels in which a conserved PKC phosphorylation site (S407) that regulates the current amplitude has been mutated. Furthermore, a Phactr1 mutant that disrupts the binding of PP1 but not that of actin fails to alter Slack currents. Our data suggest that Phactr1 regulates the Slack by linking PP1 to the channel. Targeting Slack-Phactr1 interactions may therefore be helpful in developing the novel therapies for brain disorders associated with the malfunction of Slack channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rydwan Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Magdalena Prechova
- Signalling and Transcription Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, CZ
| | - Leonard Konrad Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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146
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O'Brien JJ, O'Callaghan JP, Miller DB, Chalgeri S, Wennogle LP, Davis RE, Snyder GL, Hendrick JP. Inhibition of calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE1) suppresses inflammatory responses. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 102:103449. [PMID: 31770590 PMCID: PMC7783477 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, potent, and highly specific inhibitor of calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterases (PDE) of the PDE1 family, ITI-214, was used to investigate the role of PDE1 in inflammatory responses. ITI-214 dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in an immortalized murine microglial cell line, BV2 cells. RNA profiling (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the impact of ITI-214 on the BV2 cell transcriptome in the absence and the presence of LPS. ITI-214 was found to regulate classes of genes that are involved in inflammation and cell migration responses to LPS exposure. The gene expression changes seen with ITI-214 treatment were distinct from those elicited by inhibitors of other PDEs with anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., a PDE4 inhibitor), indicating a distinct mechanism of action for PDE1. Functionally, ITI-214 inhibited ADP-induced migration of BV2 cells through a P2Y12-receptor-dependent pathway, possibly due to increases in the extent of cAMP and VASP phosphorylation downstream of receptor activation. Importantly, this effect was recapitulated in P2 rat microglial cells in vitro, indicating that these pathways are active in native microglial cells. These studies are the first to demonstrate that inhibition of PDE1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects through effects on microglia signaling pathways. The ability of PDE1 inhibitors to prevent or dampen excessive inflammatory responses of BV2 cells and microglia provides a basis for exploring their therapeutic utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased inflammation and microglia proliferation such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J O'Brien
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Diane B Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Suman Chalgeri
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Lawrence P Wennogle
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Robert E Davis
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Gretchen L Snyder
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Joseph P Hendrick
- Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., The Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, 430 East 29th St Suite 900, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
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147
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Garcia RCT, Torres LL, Dati LMM, Loureiro APDM, Afeche SC, Sandoval MRL, Marcourakis T. Anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME), a cocaine pyrolysis product, impairs glutathione-related enzymes response and increases lipid peroxidation in the hippocampal cell culture. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1223-1229. [PMID: 31768333 PMCID: PMC6872858 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure. AEME and cocaine increased MDA after 48 h of exposure. AEME-cocaine combination decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h. AEME-cocaine combination showed an additive effect on MDA after 48 h of exposure. A higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use is suggested.
Crack cocaine smokers inhale, alongside with cocaine, its pyrolysis product, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME). We have previously described AEME neurotoxic effect and its additive effect when co-incubated with cocaine. Our aim was to evaluate, the effect of AEME, cocaine and AEME-cocaine combination on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure, periods previous to neuronal death. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through malonaldehyde (MDA) levels at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of exposure. All treated groups reduced neuronal viability after 24 h of exposure. AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h, with an increase in MDA levels after 48 h. AEME-cocaine combination decreased the enzymes activities after 3 and 6 h, showing an additive effect in MDA levels after 48 h. These data show that the glutathione-related enzymes imbalance caused by AEME, cocaine or AEME-cocaine combination exposure preceded neuronal death and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the additive effect on lipid peroxidation observed with AEME-cocaine exposure after 48 h, suggest a higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use when compared to cocaine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 1° andar, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lobo Torres
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Livia Mendonça Munhoz Dati
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Castro Afeche
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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148
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Mao W, Salzberg AC, Uchigashima M, Hasegawa Y, Hock H, Watanabe M, Akbarian S, Kawasawa YI, Futai K. Activity-Induced Regulation of Synaptic Strength through the Chromatin Reader L3mbtl1. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3209-3222. [PMID: 29898393 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic downscaling reduces neuronal excitability by modulating the number of postsynaptic receptors. Histone modifications and the subsequent chromatin remodeling play critical roles in activity-dependent gene expression. Histone modification codes are recognized by chromatin readers that affect gene expression by altering chromatin structure. We show that L3mbtl1 (lethal 3 malignant brain tumor-like 1), a polycomb chromatin reader, is downregulated by neuronal activity and is essential for synaptic response and downscaling. Genome-scale mapping of L3mbtl1 occupancies identified Ctnnb1 as a key gene downstream of L3mbtl1. Importantly, the occupancy of L3mbtl1 on the Ctnnb1 gene was regulated by neuronal activity. L3mbtl1 knockout neurons exhibited reduced Ctnnb1 expression. Partial knockdown of Ctnnb1 in wild-type neurons reduced excitatory synaptic transmission and abolished homeostatic downscaling, and transfecting Ctnnb1 in L3mbtl1 knockout neurons enhanced synaptic transmission and restored homeostatic downscaling. These results highlight a role for L3mbtl1 in regulating homeostasis of synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Mao
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Motokazu Uchigashima
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA; Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
| | - Hanno Hock
- Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Mount Sinai Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kensuke Futai
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA.
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149
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Lukmanto D, Khanh VC, Shirota S, Kato T, Takasaki MM, Ohneda O. Dynamic Changes of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Under In Vitro Prolonged Culture and Hypoxic Conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1434-1450. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donny Lukmanto
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vuong Cat Khanh
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Shirota
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kato
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuo Takasaki
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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150
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Gill S, Kumara VMR. Detecting Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Domoic Acid and Ochratoxin A Using Rat Fetal Neural Stem Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100566. [PMID: 31590222 PMCID: PMC6835907 DOI: 10.3390/md17100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, animal experiments in rodents are the gold standard for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) investigations; however, testing guidelines for these experiments are insufficient in terms of animal use, time, and costs. Thus, alternative reliable approaches are needed for predicting DNT. We chose rat neural stem cells (rNSC) as a model system, and used a well-known neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), as a model test chemical to validate the assay. This assay was used to investigate the potential neurotoxic effects of Ochratoxin A (OTA), of which the main target organ is the kidney. However, limited information is available regarding its neurotoxic effects. The effects of DA and OTA on the cytotoxicity and on the degree of differentiation of rat rNSC into astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes were monitored using cell-specific immunofluorescence staining for undifferentiated rNSC (nestin), neurospheres (nestin and A2B5), neurons (MAP2 clone M13, MAP2 clone AP18, and Doublecortin), astrocytes (GFAP), and oligodendrocytes (A2B5 and mGalc). In the absence of any chemical exposure, approximately 46% of rNSC differentiated into astrocytes and neurons, while 40% of the rNSC differentiated into oligodendrocytes. Both non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic concentrations of DA and OTA reduced the differentiation of rNSC into astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, a non-cytotoxic nanomolar (0.05 µM) concentration of DA and 0.2 µM of OTA reduced the percentage differentiation of rNSC into astrocytes and neurons. Morphometric analysis showed that the highest concentration (10 μM) of DA reduced axonal length. These indicate that low, non-cytotoxic concentrations of DA and OTA can interfere with the differentiation of rNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gill
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Tunney's Pasture, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - V M Ruvin Kumara
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Tunney's Pasture, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
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