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Bahadur S, Jha MK. Emerging nanoformulations for drug targeting to brain through intranasal delivery: A comprehensive review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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102
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Jurcău MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Jurcău A, Marcu F, Ţiț DM, Pașcalău N, Nistor-Cseppentö DC. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications and Future Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2167. [PMID: 36358538 PMCID: PMC9686795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has increasing incidence, increasing mortality rates, and poses a huge burden on healthcare. None of the currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD influence disease progression. Many clinical trials aiming at inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, increasing amyloid beta clearance, or inhibiting neurofibrillary tangle pathology yielded inconclusive results or failed. Meanwhile, research has identified many interlinked vicious cascades implicating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic neuroinflammation, and has pointed to novel therapeutic targets such as improving mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control, diminishing oxidative stress, or modulating the neuroinflammatory pathways. Many novel molecules tested in vitro or in animal models have proven efficient, but their translation into clinic needs further research regarding appropriate doses, delivery routes, and possible side effects. Cell-based therapies and extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of messenger RNAs and microRNAs seem also promising strategies allowing to target specific signaling pathways, but need further research regarding the most appropriate harvesting and culture methods as well as control of the possible tumorigenic side effects. The rapidly developing area of nanotechnology could improve drug delivery and also be used in early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Ţiț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Pașcalău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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103
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Nunes D, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Drug Delivery Systems as a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of FDA-Approved Alzheimer's Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2296. [PMID: 36365114 PMCID: PMC9694621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with a high impact worldwide, accounting for more than 46 million cases. The continuous increase of AD demands the fast development of preventive and curative therapeutic strategies that are truly effective. The drugs approved for AD treatment are classified into acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. The therapeutic effectiveness of those drugs is hindered by their restricted access to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier, low bioavailability, and poor pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, the drugs are reported to have undesirable side effects. Several drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been widely exploited to address these issues. DDSs serve as drug carriers, combining the ability to deliver drugs locally and in a targeted manner with the ability to release them in a controlled and sustained manner. As a result, the pharmacological therapeutic effectiveness is raised, while the unwanted side effects induced by the unspecific distribution decrease. This article reviews the recently developed DDSs to increase the efficacy of Food and Drug Administration-approved AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Nunes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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104
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Sun K, Zheng X, Jin H, Yu F, Zhao W. Exosomes as CNS Drug Delivery Tools and Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102252. [PMID: 36297688 PMCID: PMC9609403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases threaten the health of people all over the world. However, due to the structural and functional particularities of the brain and spinal cord, CNS-targeted drug development is rather challenging. Exosomes are small cellular vesicles with lipid bilayers that can be secreted by almost all cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. The advantages of low immunogenicity, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and the flexibility of drug encapsulation make them stand out among CNS drug delivery tools. Herein, we reviewed the research on exosomes in CNS drug delivery over the past decade and outlined the impact of the drug loading mode, administration route, and engineered modification on CNS targeting. Finally, we highlighted the problems and prospects of exosomes as CNS drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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105
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Lilius TO, Rosenholm M, Klinger L, Mortensen KN, Sigurdsson B, Mogensen FLH, Hauglund NL, Nielsen MSN, Rantamäki T, Nedergaard M. SPECT/CT imaging reveals CNS-wide modulation of glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid flow by systemic hypertonic saline. iScience 2022; 25:105250. [PMID: 36274948 PMCID: PMC9579504 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal administration enables central nervous system delivery of drugs that do not bypass the blood-brain barrier. Systemic administration of hypertonic saline (HTS) enhances delivery of intrathecal therapeutics into the neuropil, but its effect on solute clearance from the brain remains unknown. Here, we developed a dynamic in vivo single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging platform to study the effects of HTS on whole-body distribution of the radiolabeled tracer 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) administered through intracisternal, intrastriatal, or intravenous route in anesthetized rats. Co-administration of systemic HTS increased intracranial exposure to intracisternal 99mTc-DTPA by ∼80% during imaging. In contrast, HTS had minimal effects on brain clearance of intrastriatal 99mTc-DTPA. In sum, SPECT/CT imaging presents a valuable approach to study glymphatic drug delivery. Using this methodology, we show that systemic HTS increases intracranial availability of cerebrospinal fluid-administered tracer, but has marginal effects on brain clearance, thus substantiating a simple, yet effective strategy for enhancing intrathecal drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas O. Lilius
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Rosenholm
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Klinger
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Nygaard Mortensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neuro-immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Natalie L. Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Doctoral Program in Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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106
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Barzegar-Fallah A, Gandhi K, Rizwan SB, Slatter TL, Reynolds JNJ. Harnessing Ultrasound for Targeting Drug Delivery to the Brain and Breaching the Blood–Brain Tumour Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102231. [PMID: 36297666 PMCID: PMC9607160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in developing drugs to treat brain tumours, achieving therapeutic concentrations of the drug at the tumour site remains a major challenge due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have evolved to enhance brain delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to treat tumours; however, most approaches have several limitations which hinder their clinical utility. Promising studies indicate that ultrasound can penetrate the skull to target specific brain regions and transiently open the BBB, safely and reversibly, with a high degree of spatial and temporal specificity. In this review, we initially describe the basics of therapeutic ultrasound, then detail ultrasound-based drug delivery strategies to the brain and the mechanisms by which ultrasound can improve brain tumour therapy. We review pre-clinical and clinical findings from ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and drug delivery studies and outline current therapeutic ultrasound devices and technologies designed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Barzegar-Fallah
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kushan Gandhi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Shakila B. Rizwan
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tania L. Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - John N. J. Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-5781; Fax: +64-3-479-7254
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107
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van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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108
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Zhou R, Zhu L, Zeng Z, Luo R, Zhang J, Guo R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Bi W. Targeted brain delivery of RVG29-modified rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles for Alzheimer's disease treatment and diagnosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10395. [PMID: 36176608 PMCID: PMC9472014 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Currently, there are no effective drugs for the etiological treatment of AD. Rifampicin (RIF) is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic with anti-β-amyloid deposition, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects, but its application in AD treatment has been limited for its strong hydrophobicity, high toxicity, short half-life, low bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier hindrance. We designed a novel brain-targeted and MRI-characteristic nanomedicine via loading rabies virus protein 29 (RVG29), rifampicin, and Gd on poly (l-lactide) nanoparticles (RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29). The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 had favorable biocompatibility and security. Fluorescence imaging in vivo showed that PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 could deliver rifampicin into the brain by enhancing cellular uptake and brain targeting performance, leading to improvement of the bioavailability of rifampicin. In in vivo study, RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 improved the spatial learning and memory capability of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze, as compared to rifampicin. Immunofluorescence, TEM, immunoblotting, and H&E staining revealed that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 reduced Aβ deposition in hippocampal and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, improved the damage of synaptic ultrastructure, increased the expression level of PSD95 and SYP, as well as reduced the necrosis of neurons. These findings suggest that RIF@PLA-PEG-Gd/Mal-RVG29 may be an effective strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohao Zeng
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rixin Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of PathophysiologyKey Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesGuangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular DiseaseThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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109
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Tang Q, Nie F, Zhao Q, Chen W. A merged molecular representation deep learning method for blood-brain barrier permeability prediction. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6674486. [PMID: 36002937 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a compound to permeate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant factor for central nervous system drug development. Thus, for speeding up the drug discovery process, it is crucial to perform high-throughput screenings to predict the BBB permeability of the candidate compounds. Although experimental methods are capable of determining BBB permeability, they are still cost-ineffective and time-consuming. To complement the shortcomings of existing methods, we present a deep learning-based multi-model framework model, called Deep-B3, to predict the BBB permeability of candidate compounds. In Deep-B3, the samples are encoded in three kinds of features, namely molecular descriptors and fingerprints, molecular graph and simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) text notation. The pre-trained models were built to extract latent features from the molecular graph and SMILES. These features depicted the compounds in terms of tabular data, image and text, respectively. The validation results yielded from the independent dataset demonstrated that the performance of Deep-B3 is superior to that of the state-of-the-art models. Hence, Deep-B3 holds the potential to become a useful tool for drug development. A freely available online web-server for Deep-B3 was established at http://cbcb.cdutcm.edu.cn/deepb3/, and the source code and dataset of Deep-B3 are available at https://github.com/GreatChenLab/Deep-B3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fulei Nie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.,School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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110
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Montegiove N, Calzoni E, Emiliani C, Cesaretti A. Biopolymer Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A New Promising Approach for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:125. [PMID: 36135560 PMCID: PMC9504125 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most disabling and the most difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which represents an impediment from a therapeutic and diagnostic point of view as it limits the entry of most drugs. The use of biocompatible polymer nanoparticles (NPs) as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to the brain arouses increasing interest. However, the route of administration of these vectors remains critical as the drug must be delivered without being degraded to achieve a therapeutic effect. An innovative approach for the administration of drugs to the brain using polymeric carriers is represented by the nose-to-brain (NtB) route which involves the administration of the therapeutic molecule through the neuro-olfactory epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Nasal administration is a non-invasive approach that allows the rapid transport of the drug directly to the brain and minimizes its systemic exposure. To date, many studies involve the use of polymer NPs for the NtB transport of drugs to the brain for the treatment of a whole series of disabling neurological diseases for which, as of today, there is no cure. In this review, various types of biodegradable polymer NPs for drug delivery to the brain through the NtB route are discussed and particular attention is devoted to the treatment of neurological diseases such as Glioblastoma and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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111
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Jagaran K, Singh M. Lipid Nanoparticles: Promising Treatment Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169361. [PMID: 36012619 PMCID: PMC9408920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a life-altering, debilitating disease exhibiting a severe physical, psychological, and financial burden on patients. Globally, approximately 7–10 million people are afflicted with this disease, with the number of cases estimated to increase to 12.9 million by 2040. PD is a progressive movement disorder with nonmotor symptoms, including insomnia, depression, anxiety, and anosmia. While current therapeutics are available to PD patients, this treatment remains palliative, necessitating alternative treatment approaches. A major hurdle in treating PD is the protective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and its ability to limit access to foreign molecules, including therapeutics. Drugs utilized presently are nonspecific and administered at dosages that result in numerous adverse side effects. Nanomedicine has emerged as a potential strategy for treating many diseases. From the array of nanomaterials available, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess various advantages, including enhanced permeability to the brain via passive diffusion and specific and nonspecific transporters. Their bioavailability, nontoxic nature, ability to be conjugated to drugs, and targeting moieties catapult LNPs as a promising therapeutic nanocarriers for PD. While PD-related studies are limited, their potential as therapeutics is evident in their formulations as vaccines. This review is aimed at examining the roles and properties of LNPs that make them efficient therapeutic nanodelivery vehicles for the treatment of PD, including therapeutic advances made to date.
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112
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Li C, Qin S, Wen Y, Zhao W, Huang Y, Liu J. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier: Exosomes as theranostic nanocarriers for precision neuroimaging. J Control Release 2022; 349:902-916. [PMID: 35932883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane that play important roles in intercellular communication. They provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of drug delivery nanoplatforms due to their low immunogenicity, low toxicity, biocompatibility, stability, and ability to change the functions of recipient cells. In addition, exosomes can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and then target and accumulate in relevant pathological brain regions. However, few studies have focused on the applications of exosomes as nanocarriers for use in precision neuroimaging studies. Thus, this report presents the feasibility of fabricating specific exosome-based diagnostic reagents for the application of personalized/precision radiology in the central nervous system based on important recent fundamental discoveries and technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Yu Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China.
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113
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La Barbera L, Mauri E, D’Amelio M, Gori M. Functionalization strategies of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery in Alzheimer's disease: Current trends and future perspectives. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:939855. [PMID: 35992936 PMCID: PMC9387393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.939855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder whose primary causes are mostly unknown. Due to the increase in life expectancy of world population, including developing countries, AD, whose incidence rises dramatically with age, is at the forefront among neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, a definitive cure is not yet within reach, imposing substantial medical and public health burdens at every latitude. Therefore, the effort to devise novel and effective therapeutic strategies is still of paramount importance. Genetic, functional, structural and biochemical studies all indicate that new and efficacious drug delivery strategies interfere at different levels with various cellular and molecular targets. Over the last few decades, therapeutic development of nanomedicine at preclinical stage has shown to progress at a fast pace, thus paving the way for its potential impact on human health in improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Clinical translation of nano-based therapeutics, despite current limitations, may present important advantages and innovation to be exploited in the neuroscience field as well. In this state-of-the-art review article, we present the most promising applications of polymeric nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for bypassing the blood-brain barrier of AD preclinical models and boost pharmacological safety and efficacy. In particular, novel strategic chemical functionalization of polymeric nanocarriers that could be successfully employed for treating AD are thoroughly described. Emphasis is also placed on nanotheranostics as both potential therapeutic and diagnostic tool for targeted treatments. Our review highlights the emerging role of nanomedicine in the management of AD, providing the readers with an overview of the nanostrategies currently available to develop future therapeutic applications against this chronic neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Gori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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114
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van Schaik PEM, Zuhorn IS, Baron W. Targeting Fibronectin to Overcome Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Brain- and Lesion-Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8418. [PMID: 35955549 PMCID: PMC9368816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology that can be characterized by the presence of demyelinated lesions. Prevailing treatment protocols in MS rely on the modulation of the inflammatory process but do not impact disease progression. Remyelination is an essential factor for both axonal survival and functional neurological recovery but is often insufficient. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin contributes to the inhibitory environment created in MS lesions and likely plays a causative role in remyelination failure. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of remyelination therapeutics to lesions. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to normalize the pathogenic MS lesion environment need to be able to cross the BBB. In this review, we outline the multifaceted roles of fibronectin in MS pathogenesis and discuss promising therapeutic targets and agents to overcome fibronectin-mediated inhibition of remyelination. In addition, to pave the way for clinical use, we reflect on opportunities to deliver MS therapeutics to lesions through the utilization of nanomedicine and discuss strategies to deliver fibronectin-directed therapeutics across the BBB. The use of well-designed nanocarriers with appropriate surface functionalization to cross the BBB and target the lesion sites is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. M. van Schaik
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
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115
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Fekrirad Z, Barzegar Behrooz A, Ghaemi S, Khosrojerdi A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A, Arefian E, Ghavami S. Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3698. [PMID: 35954362 PMCID: PMC9367505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy has seen little change over the past two decades. Surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current gold standard treatment. Immunotherapy techniques have recently transformed many cancer treatments, and GBM is now at the forefront of immunotherapy research. GBM immunotherapy prospects are reviewed here, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. Various forms of nanomaterials to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness are also discussed. For GBM treatment and immunotherapy, we outline the specific properties of nanomaterials. In addition, we provide a short overview of several 3D (bio)printing techniques and their applications in stimulating the GBM microenvironment. Lastly, the susceptibility of GBM cancer cells to the various immunotherapy methods will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran 18735-136, Iran;
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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116
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Bhat AR, Wani FA, Behera K, Khan AB, Patel R. Formulation of biocompatible microemulsions for encapsulation of anti-TB drug rifampicin: A physicochemical and spectroscopic study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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117
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Sukocheva OA, Klochkov SG. Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:805-833. [PMID: 35779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of tumors, the inaccessibility of tissues for early diagnosis and effective surgery, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Therapies employing nanomedicine have been shown to facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and maintain biodistribution and accumulation of therapeutic agents at the desired target site. The application of lipid-, polymer-, or metal-based nanocarriers represents an advanced drug delivery system for a growing group of anti-cancer chemicals. The nanocarrier surface is designed to contain an active ligand (cancer cell marker or antibody)-binding structure which can be modified to target specific cancer cells. Glioblastoma, ependymoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and primary CNS lymphomas were recently targeted by easily absorbed nanocarriers. The metal- (such as transferrin drug-loaded systems), polymer- (nanocapsules and nanospheres), or lipid- (such as sulfatide-containing nanoliposomes)-based nano-vehicles were loaded with apoptosis- and/or ferroptosis-stimulating agents and demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects. This review aims to discuss effective nanomedicine approaches designed to overcome the current limitations in the therapy of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. To accent current obstacles for successful CNS-based cancer therapy, we discuss nanomedicine perspectives and limitations of nanodrug use associated with the specificity of nervous tissue characteristics and the effects nanocarriers have on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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118
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Jackson IM, Webb EW, Scott PJ, James ML. In Silico Approaches for Addressing Challenges in CNS Radiopharmaceutical Design. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1675-1683. [PMID: 35606334 PMCID: PMC9945852 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and versatile molecular imaging modality that leverages radiolabeled molecules, known as radiotracers, to interrogate biochemical processes such as metabolism, enzymatic activity, and receptor expression. The ability to probe specific molecular and cellular events longitudinally in a noninvasive manner makes PET imaging a particularly powerful technique for studying the central nervous system (CNS) in both health and disease. Unfortunately, developing and translating a single CNS PET tracer for clinical use is typically an extremely resource-intensive endeavor, often requiring synthesis and evaluation of numerous candidate molecules. While existing in vitro methods are beginning to address the challenge of derisking molecules prior to costly in vivo PET studies, most require a significant investment of resources and possess substantial limitations. In the context of CNS drug development, significant time and resources have been invested into the development and optimization of computational methods, particularly involving machine learning, to streamline the design of better CNS therapeutics. However, analogous efforts developed and validated for CNS radiotracer design are conspicuously limited. In this Perspective, we overview the requirements and challenges of CNS PET tracer design, survey the most promising computational methods for in silico CNS drug design, and bridge these two areas by discussing the potential applications and impact of computational design tools in CNS radiotracer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Jackson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;,Corresponding Authors: Peter J. H. Scott − Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; , Michelle L. James − Departments of Radiology, and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, 1201 Welch Rd., P-206, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, United States;
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;,Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304.,Corresponding Authors: Peter J. H. Scott − Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; , Michelle L. James − Departments of Radiology, and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, 1201 Welch Rd., P-206, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, United States;
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119
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Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
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120
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Alajangi HK, Kaur M, Sharma A, Rana S, Thakur S, Chatterjee M, Singla N, Jaiswal PK, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Blood-brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35650613 PMCID: PMC9158215 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we aim to provide an overview of significant aspects of BBB. Worldwide, the treatment of neurological diseases caused by BBB disruption has been a major challenge. BBB also restricts entry of neuro-therapeutic drugs and hinders treatment modalities. Hence, currently nanotechnology-based approaches are being explored on large scale as alternatives to conventional methodologies. It is necessary to investigate the in-depth characteristic features of BBB to facilitate the discovery of novel drugs that can successfully cross the barrier and target the disease effectively. It is imperative to discover novel strategies to treat life-threatening CNS diseases in humans. Therefore, insights regarding building blocks of BBB, activation of immune response on breach of this barrier, and various autoimmune neurological disorders caused due to BBB dysfunction are discussed. Further, special emphasis is given on delineating BBB disruption leading to CNS disorders. Moreover, various mechanisms of transport pathways across BBB, several novel strategies, and alternative routes by which drugs can be properly delivered into CNS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kumari Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sumedh Rana
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shipali Thakur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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121
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Khan MI, Zahra QUA, Batool F, Kalsoom F, Gao S, Ali R, Wang W, Kazmi A, Lianliang L, Wang G, Bilal M. Current Nano-Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy Across Special Structures. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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122
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Rawal SU, Patel BM, Patel MM. New Drug Delivery Systems Developed for Brain Targeting. Drugs 2022; 82:749-792. [PMID: 35596879 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF) are two of the most complex and sophisticated concierges that defend the central nervous system (CNS) by numerous mechanisms. While they maintain the neuro-ecological homeostasis through the regulated entry of essential biomolecules, their conservative nature challenges the entry of most of the drugs intended for CNS delivery. Targeted delivery challenges for a diverse spectrum of therapeutic agents/drugs (non-small molecules, small molecules, gene-based therapeutics, protein and peptides, antibodies) are diverse and demand specialized delivery and disease-targeting strategies. This review aims to capture the trends that have shaped the current brain targeting research scenario. This review discusses the physiological, neuropharmacological, and etiological factors that participate in the transportation of various drug delivery cargoes across the BBB/BCSF and influence their therapeutic intracranial concentrations. Recent research works spanning various invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive brain- targeting approaches are discussed. While the pre-clinical outcomes from many of these approaches seem promising, further research is warranted to overcome the translational glitches that prevent their clinical use. Non-invasive approaches like intranasal administration, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition, pro-drugs, and carrier/targeted nanocarrier-aided delivery systems (alone or often in combination) hold positive clinical prospects for brain targeting if explored further in the right direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti U Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Sarkhej-Sanand Circle Off. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382210, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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123
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Yin F, Su W, Wang L, Hu Q. Microfluidic strategies for the blood-brain barrier construction and assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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124
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Vetter VC, Wagner E. Targeting nucleic acid-based therapeutics to tumors: Challenges and strategies for polyplexes. J Control Release 2022; 346:110-135. [PMID: 35436520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current medical reality of cancer gene therapy is reflected by more than ten approved products on the global market, including oncolytic and other viral vectors and CAR T-cells as ex vivo gene-modified cell therapeutics. The development of synthetic antitumoral nucleic acid therapeutics has been proceeding at a lower but steady pace, fueled by a plethora of alternative nucleic acid platforms (from various antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, sgRNA, to larger mRNA and DNA) and several classes of physical and chemical delivery technologies. This review summarizes the challenges and strategies for tumor-targeted nucleic acid delivery. Focusing primarily on polyplexes (polycation complexes) as nanocarriers, delivery options across multiple barriers into tumor cells are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Vetter
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany.
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125
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Witika BA, Poka MS, Demana PH, Matafwali SK, Melamane S, Malungelo Khamanga SM, Makoni PA. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:836. [PMID: 35456669 PMCID: PMC9031624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are chronic and advanced diseases that are associated with loss of neurons and other related pathologies. Furthermore, these disorders involve structural and functional defections of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, advances in medicines and therapeutics have led to a better appreciation of various pathways associated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders, thus focusing on drug discovery and research for targeted drug therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). Although the BBB functions as a shield to prevent toxins in the blood from reaching the brain, drug delivery to the CNS is hindered by its presence. Owing to this, various formulation approaches, including the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, have been proposed to address shortcomings related to BBB permeation in CNS-targeted therapy, thus showing the potential of these carriers for translation into clinical use. Nevertheless, to date, none of these nanocarriers has been granted market authorization following the successful completion of all stages of clinical trials. While the aforementioned benefits of using lipid-based carriers underscores the need to fast-track their translational development into clinical practice, technological advances need to be initiated to achieve appropriate capacity for scale-up and the production of affordable dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Madan Sai Poka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Patrick Hulisani Demana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Siyabonga Melamane
- Stutterheim Hospital, No.1 Hospital Street, Stutterheim 4930, South Africa;
| | | | - Pedzisai Anotida Makoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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126
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hersh AM, Alomari S, Tyler BM. Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Advances in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery in Neuro-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4153. [PMID: 35456971 PMCID: PMC9032478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by the impermeability of the BBB and, consequently, survival outcomes for malignant brain tumors remain poor. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a potential solution to improve drug transport to brain tumors, given their small size and capacity to target tumor cells. Here, we review the unique physical and chemical properties of NPs that aid in BBB transport and discuss mechanisms of NP transport across the BBB, including paracellular transport, carrier-mediated transport, and adsorptive- and receptor-mediated transcytosis. The major types of NPs investigated for treatment of brain tumors are detailed, including polymeric NPs, liposomes, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers, metals, quantum dots, and nanogels. In addition to their role in drug delivery, NPs can be used as imaging contrast agents and can be conjugated with imaging probes to assist in visualizing tumors, demarcating lesion boundaries and margins, and monitoring drug delivery and treatment response. Multifunctional NPs can be designed that are capable of targeting tumors for both imaging and therapeutic purposes. Finally, limitations of NPs for brain tumor treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (S.A.)
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128
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Li X, Geng X, Chen Z, Yuan Z. Recent advances in glioma microenvironment-response nanoplatforms for phototherapy and sonotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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129
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Leveraging macrophages for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114136. [PMID: 35143894 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As fundamental immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity, macrophages engage in a double-edged relationship with cancer. Dissecting the character of macrophages in cancer development facilitates the emergence of macrophages-based new strategies that encompass macrophages as theranostic targets/tools of interest for treating cancer. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the mixed roles of macrophages in cancer pathogenesis and invasion as a foundation for the review discussions. We survey the latest progress on macrophage-based cancer theranostic strategies, emphasizing two major strategies, including targeting the endogenous tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and engineering the adoptive macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive environment and augment the cancer theranostic efficacy. We also discuss and provide insights on the major challenges along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based cancer theranostic approaches.
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130
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Markiewicz A, Darłak P, Sikora J, Adla SK, Bagina S, Huttunen KM. Current Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Views in the Development of Successful Brain-Targeted Pharmaceutics. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:942-976. [PMID: 35391662 PMCID: PMC9294128 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges with successful pharmaceutical treatments of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the delivery of drugs into their target sites with appropriate concentrations. For example, the physically tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks compounds from penetrating into the brain, also by the action of metabolizing enzymes and efflux transport mechanisms. However, many endogenous compounds, including both smaller compounds and macromolecules, like amino acids, sugars, vitamins, nucleosides, hormones, steroids, and electrolytes, have their peculiar internalization routes across the BBB. These delivery mechanisms, namely carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transcytosis have been utilized to some extent in brain-targeted drug development. The incomplete knowledge of the BBB and the smaller than a desirable number of chemical tools have hindered the development of successful brain-targeted pharmaceutics. This review discusses the recent advancements achieved in the field from the point of medicinal chemistry view and discusses how brain drug delivery can be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Markiewicz
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Darłak
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sreelatha Bagina
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Finland Oy, Neulaniementie 4, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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131
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Yang G, Xing L, Sun X. Navigate Towards the Immunotherapy Era: Value of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852811. [PMID: 35422812 PMCID: PMC9001915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have resulted in a paradigm shift in the management of advanced NSCLC. However, the value of ICIs in NSCLC patients with BMs remains unclear because patients with BMs are routinely excluded in numerous prospective trials on ICIs. Here, starting from the mechanisms of ICIs for BMs, we will reveal the value of ICIs by reviewing the efficacy and adverse effects of ICIs monotherapy as well as promising combination strategies, such as combinations with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-angiogenic drugs, etc. In addition, the methods of patient selection and response assessment will be summarized to assist clinical practice and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Yang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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132
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Capart A, Metwally K, Bastiancich C, Da Silva A. Multiphysical numerical study of photothermal therapy of glioblastoma with photoacoustic temperature monitoring in a mouse head. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1202-1223. [PMID: 35414964 PMCID: PMC8973158 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a multiphysical numerical study of a photothermal therapy performed on a numerical phantom of a mouse head containing a glioblastoma. The study has been designed to be as realistic as possible. Heat diffusion simulations were performed on the phantom to understand the temperature evolution in the mouse head and therefore in the glioblastoma. The thermal dose has been calculated and lesions caused by heat are shown. The thermal damage on the tumor has also been quantified. To improve the effectiveness of the therapy, the photoabsorber's concentration was increased locally, at the tumor site, to mimic the effect of using absorbing contrast agents such as nanoparticles. Photoacoustic simulations were performed in order to monitor temperature in the phantom: as the Grüneisen parameter changes with the temperature, the photoacoustic signal undergoes changes that can be linked to temperature evolution. These photoacoustic simulations were performed at different instants during the therapy and the evolution of the photoacoustic signal as a function of the spatio-temporal distribution of the temperature in the phantom was observed and quantified. We have developed in this paper a numerical tool that can be used to help defining key parameters of a photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Capart
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Metwally
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- Institute Neurophysiopathol, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anabela Da Silva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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133
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Salarpour S, Barani M, Pardakhty A, Khatami M, Pal Singh Chauhan N. The application of exosomes and Exosome-nanoparticle in treating brain disorders. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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134
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Yuwanda A, Surini S, Harahap Y, Jufri M. Study of Valproic Acid Liposomes for Delivery into the Brain through an Intranasal Route. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09030. [PMID: 35284670 PMCID: PMC8914119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal drug transport through the olfactory route to the brain is an effective drug route for increased absorption and bioavailability of the drug. The objective of this study was to increase the penetration of valproic acid as an anticonvulsant into a delivery system comprising liposomes. Valproic acid liposomes were prepared by a thin-layer hydration technique using soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol as the main ingredients. The formulations were evaluated for diameter size, entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology. ex vivo permeation using sheep nasal mucosa and in vivo efficacy were assessed by performing a pharmacokinetic study in Wistar albino rats following intranasal administration of the formulations in comparison with pure drug. The mean size particle of optimized liposomes ranged from 90 to 210 nm with a low polydispersity index (<0.5). The EE of optimized liposomes was between 60% and 85%, increasing the concentration of phosphatidylcholine added to the formula. Transmission electron microscopy observations (40,000×) showed that valproic acid liposomes have a spherical molecular shape and a particle size of below 250 nm. The ex vivo and in vivo results showed that liposomal formulations provided enhanced brain exposure. Among the formulations studied, Formula 4 (F4) showed greater uptake of valproic acid into the brain than plasma. The high brain targeting efficiency index for F4 indicated the preferential transport of the drug to the brain. The study demonstrated the successful formulation of surface-modified valproic acid liposomes for nasal delivery with brain targeting potential.
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135
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Cui J, Xu Y, Tu H, Zhao H, Wang H, Di L, Wang R. Gather wisdom to overcome barriers: Well-designed nano-drug delivery systems for treating gliomas. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1100-1125. [PMID: 35530155 PMCID: PMC9069319 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the special physiological and pathological characteristics of gliomas, most therapeutic drugs are prevented from entering the brain. To improve the poor prognosis of existing therapies, researchers have been continuously developing non-invasive methods to overcome barriers to gliomas therapy. Although these strategies can be used clinically to overcome the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), the accurate delivery of drugs to the glioma lesions cannot be ensured. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been widely used for precise drug delivery. In recent years, researchers have gathered their wisdom to overcome barriers, so many well-designed NDDS have performed prominently in preclinical studies. These meticulous designs mainly include cascade passing through BBB and targeting to glioma lesions, drug release in response to the glioma microenvironment, biomimetic delivery systems based on endogenous cells/extracellular vesicles/protein, and carriers created according to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines. We reviewed these well-designed NDDS in detail. Furthermore, we discussed the current ongoing and completed clinical trials of NDDS for gliomas therapy, and analyzed the challenges and trends faced by clinical translation of these well-designed NDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huacong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 15852937869.
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136
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Ye Z, Gastfriend BD, Umlauf BJ, Lynn DM, Shusta EV. Antibody-Targeted Liposomes for Enhanced Targeting of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1523-1534. [PMID: 35169958 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders therapeutic delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), thereby impeding the development of therapies for brain injury and disease. Receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) systems are a promising way to shuttle a targeted therapeutic into the brain. Here, we developed and evaluated an RMT antibody-targeted liposomal system. A previously identified antibody, scFv46.1, that binds to the human and murine BBB and can pass through the murine BBB by transcytosis after intravenous injection was used to decorate the surface of liposomes. Using an in vitro BBB model, we demonstrated the cellular uptake of scFv46.1-modified liposomes (46.1-Lipo). Next, the biodistribution and brain uptake capacity of 46.1-targeted liposomes were assessed after intravenous administration. Our results showed that 46.1-Lipo can lead to increased brain accumulation through targeting of the brain vasculature. Initial rate pharmacokinetic experiments and biodistribution analyses indicated that 46.1-Lipo loaded with pralidoxime exhibited a 10-fold increase in brain accumulation compared with a mock-targeted liposomal group, and this increased accumulation was brain-specific. These studies indicate the potential of this 46.1-Lipo system as a synthetic vehicle for the targeted transport of therapeutic molecules into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin J Umlauf
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School and the Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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137
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Rahiman N, Mohammadi M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated approaches for restoration of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2022; 343:620-644. [PMID: 35176392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complicated immunopathology which necessitates considering multifactorial aspects for its management. Nano-sized pharmaceutical carriers named nanoparticles (NPs) can support impressive management of disease not only in early detection and prognosis level but also in a therapeutic manner. The most prominent initiator of MS is the domination of cellular immunity to humoral immunity and increment of inflammatory cytokines. The administration of several platforms of NPs for MS management holds great promise so far. The efforts for MS management through in vitro and in vivo (experimental animal models) evaluations, pave a new way to a highly efficient therapeutic means and aiding its translation to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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138
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Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Modernistic and Emerging Developments of Nanotechnology in Glioblastoma-Targeted Theranostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031641. [PMID: 35163563 PMCID: PMC8836088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors such as glioblastoma are typically associated with an unstoppable cell proliferation with aggressive infiltration behavior and a shortened life span. Though treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are available in combating glioblastoma, satisfactory therapeutics are still not available due to the high impermeability of the blood–brain barrier. To address these concerns, recently, multifarious theranostics based on nanotechnology have been developed, which can deal with diagnosis and therapy together. The multifunctional nanomaterials find a strategic path against glioblastoma by adjoining novel thermal and magnetic therapy approaches. Their convenient combination of specific features such as real-time tracking, in-depth tissue penetration, drug-loading capacity, and contrasting performance is of great demand in the clinical investigation of glioblastoma. The potential benefits of nanomaterials including specificity, surface tunability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, ligand functionalization, and near-infrared (NIR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging are sufficient in developing effective theranostics. This review discusses the recent developments in nanotechnology toward the diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy regarding glioblastoma.
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139
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An Overview of Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020224. [PMID: 35213957 PMCID: PMC8875260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain has been one of the toughest challenges researchers have faced to develop effective treatments for brain diseases. Owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), only a small portion of administered drug can reach the brain. A consequence of that is the need to administer a higher dose of the drug, which, expectedly, leads to a variety of unwanted side effects. Research in a variety of different fields has been underway for the past couple of decades to address this very serious and frequently lethal problem. One area of research that has produced optimistic results in recent years is nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is the science birthed by fusing the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and medicine into one. Many different types of nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems are currently being studied for the sole purpose of improved drug delivery to the brain. This review puts together and briefly summarizes some of the major breakthroughs in this crusade. Inorganic nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, are discussed, as well as some organic nanoparticulate systems. Amongst the organic drug-delivery nanosystems, polymeric micelles and dendrimers are discussed briefly and solid polymeric nanoparticles are explored in detail.
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140
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Fateh Basharzad S, Hamidi M, Maleki A, Karami Z, Mohamadpour H, Reza Saghatchi Zanjani M. Polysorbate-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an efficient carrier for improved rivastigmine brain delivery. Brain Res 2022; 1781:147786. [PMID: 35041841 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of neurological therapeutic to the brain has been attracting more and more attention to the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nonetheless, the main obstacle in this road map is the existence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) which limits the penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma. This present investigation describes a facile synthetic strategy to prepare a highly biocompatible calcium-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized by polysorbate-80 (PS) as targeting ligand to deliver rivastigmine (RV) into the brain via crossing the BBB. The developed nanosystem was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, and N2-adsorption-desorption analysis. In vitro hemolysis studies were carried out to confirm the biocompatibility of the nanocarriers. Our in vivo studies in an animal model of rats showed that the RV-loaded nanosystem was able to enhance the brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, brain uptake clearance, and plasma elimination half-life of the drug compared to the free one drug following intravenous (IV) administration. The results revealed that functionalization of MSNs by PS is crucial to deliver RV into the brain, suggesting PS-functionalized MSNs could be an effective carrier to deliver RV to the brain while overcoming BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Fateh Basharzad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohamadpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Noh B, Blasco-Conesa MP, Lai YJ, Ganesh BP, Urayama A, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Marrelli SP, McCullough LD, Moruno-Manchon JF. G-quadruplexes Stabilization Upregulates CCN1 and Accelerates Aging in Cultured Cerebral Endothelial Cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:797562. [PMID: 35822045 PMCID: PMC9261356 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.797562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Senescence in the cerebral endothelium has been proposed as a mechanism that can drive dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature, which precedes vascular dementia. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is a matricellular protein secreted by cerebral endothelial cells (CEC). CCN1 induces senescence in fibroblasts. However, whether CCN1 contributes to senescence in CEC and how this is regulated requires further study. Aging has been associated with the formation of four-stranded Guanine-quadruplexes (G4s) in G-rich motifs of DNA and RNA. Stabilization of the G4 structures regulates transcription and translation either by upregulation or downregulation depending on the gene target. Previously, we showed that aged mice treated with a G4-stabilizing compound had enhanced senescence-associated (SA) phenotypes in their brains, and these mice exhibited enhanced cognitive deficits. A sequence in the 3'-UTR of the human CCN1 mRNA has the ability to fold into G4s in vitro. We hypothesize that G4 stabilization regulates CCN1 in cultured primary CEC and induces endothelial senescence. We used cerebral microvessel fractions and cultured primary CEC from young (4-months old, m/o) and aged (18-m/o) mice to determine CCN1 levels. SA phenotypes were determined by high-resolution fluorescence microscopy in cultured primary CEC, and we used Thioflavin T to recognize RNA-G4s for fluorescence spectra. We found that cultured CEC from aged mice exhibited enhanced levels of SA phenotypes, and higher levels of CCN1 and G4 stabilization. In cultured CEC, CCN1 induced SA phenotypes, such as SA β-galactosidase activity, and double-strand DNA damage. Furthermore, CCN1 levels were upregulated by a G4 ligand, and a G-rich motif in the 3'-UTR of the Ccn1 mRNA was folded into a G4. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CCN1 can induce senescence in cultured primary CEC, and we provide evidence that G4 stabilization is a novel mechanism regulating the SASP component CCN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Noh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria P. Blasco-Conesa
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean P. Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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142
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Wong KH, Riaz MK, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Chen H, Bian Z, Chen X, Lu A, Yang Z. Review of Current Strategies for Delivering Alzheimer's Disease Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:117-136. [PMID: 35746925 PMCID: PMC9063600 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019; 20:381) Reprinted under Creative Commons CC-BY license.
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143
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Li YX, Wang HB, Jin JB, Yang CL, Hu JB, Li J. Advances in the research of nano delivery systems in ischemic stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:984424. [PMID: 36338131 PMCID: PMC9634573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.984424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease with high disability rate and mortality. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the homeostasis of the brain's microenvironment and impedes the penetration of 98% of drugs. Therefore, effective treatment requires the better drug transport across membranes and increased drug distribution. Nanoparticles are a good choice for drugs to cross BBB. The main pathways of nano delivery systems through BBB include passive diffusion, adsorption-mediated endocytosis, receptor-mediated transport, carrier-mediated transport, etc. At present, the materials used in brain-targeted delivery can be divided into natural polymer, synthetic polymers, inorganic materials and phospholipid. In this review, we first introduced several ways of nano delivery systems crossing the BBB, and then summarized their applications in ischemic stroke. Based on their potential and challenges in the treatment of ischemic stroke, new ideas and prospects are proposed for designing feasible and effective nano delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo University Affiliated Yangming Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Jian-Bo Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo University Affiliated Yangming Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo University Affiliated Yangming Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Jing-Bo Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo University Affiliated Yangming Hospital, Yuyao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li,
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144
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Yang T, Zhang L, Shang Y, Zhu Z, Jin S, Guo Z, Wang X. Concurrent suppression of Aβ aggregation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation for treating Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2971-2980. [PMID: 35382471 PMCID: PMC8905858 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness accompanied by severe memory loss, cognitive disorders and impaired behavioral ability. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregation and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Aβ plaques not only induce oxidative stress and impair neurons, but also activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which releases inflammatory cytokine IL-1β to trigger neuroinflammation. A bifunctional molecule, 2-[2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenylamino]benzoic acid (BPBA), with both Aβ-targeting and inflammasome-inhibiting capabilities was designed and synthesized. BPBA inhibited self- and Cu2+- or Zn2+-induced Aβ aggregation, disaggregated the already formed Aβ aggregates, and reduced the neurotoxicity of Aβ aggregates; it also inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced the release of IL-1β in vitro and vivo. Moreover, BPBA decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviated Aβ-induced paralysis in transgenic C. elegans with the human Aβ42 gene. BPBA exerts an anti-AD effect mainly through dissolving Aβ aggregates and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation synergistically. Bifunctional molecule BPBA inhibits Aβ aggregation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby decreasing ROS and IL-1β in vitro and vivo; it synergistically prevents Alzheimer's disease via alleviating Aβ neurotoxicity and reducing neuroinflammation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yicun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Suxing Jin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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145
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Efficiency of lipid-based nano drug delivery systems in crossing the blood–brain barrier: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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146
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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147
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Mehrabian A, Mashreghi M, Dadpour S, Badiee A, Arabi L, Hoda Alavizadeh S, Alia Moosavian S, Reza Jaafari M. Nanocarriers Call the Last Shot in the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080974. [PMID: 35253549 PMCID: PMC8905056 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain is protected by physio-biological barriers. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) main mechanism of protection relates to the abundance of tight junctions (TJs) and efflux pumps. Although BBB is crucial for healthy brain protection against toxins, it also leads to failure in a devastating disease like brain cancer. Recently, nanocarriers have been shown to pass through the BBB and improve patients’ survival rates, thus becoming promising treatment strategies. Among nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers, micelles, and dendrimers have reached clinical trials after delivering promising results in preclinical investigations. The size of these nanocarriers is between 10 and 1000 nm and is modified by surface attachment of proteins, peptides, antibodies, or surfactants. Multiple research groups have reported transcellular entrance as the main mechanism allowing for these nanocarriers to cross BBB. Transport proteins and transcellular lipophilic pathways exist in BBB for small and lipophilic molecules. Nanocarriers cannot enter via the paracellular route, which is limited to water-soluble agents due to the TJs and their small pore size. There are currently several nanocarriers in clinical trials for the treatment of brain cancer. This article reviews challenges as well as fitting attributes of nanocarriers for brain tumor treatment in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mehrabian
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Dadpour
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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148
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Zhang F, Wen L, Wang K, Huang Z, Jin X, Xiong R, He S, Hu F. Effect of axitinib regulating the pathological blood-brain barrier functional recovery for glioblastoma therapeutics. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:411-421. [PMID: 34967104 PMCID: PMC8841308 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathological feature of glioblastoma (GBM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is confirmed to be abnormally elevated in the pathogenesis of GBM, causing BBB pathological disruption, which further allows the leakage of neurotoxic blood-derived molecules into the central nervous system (CNS), interfering brain homeostasis and leading to poor patient outcome. Since BBB is an integral and pivotal part of the brain microenvironment, which strongly supports the occurrence and the pathological progression of GBM, here we have selected the VEGFR antagonist axitinib as a BBB functional regulator and hypothesized to regulate pathological BBB restoration for GBM effective treatment. METHODS The pathological BBB cell model was constructed to investigate the timeliness and dose effect of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration. In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration for anti-GBM treatment, the orthotropic GBM-bearing mice model was established for in vivo study, and bioluminescent imaging was used to real-time and noninvasively monitor tumor growth response in vivo, and survival time was also recorded. RESULTS Axitinib under non-cytotoxic dosage regulated pathological BBB restoration in a time-dependent mode, and multiple intervention of axitinib could realize a visible restoration of pathological BBB in vitro. Moreover, axitinib treatment restored pathological BBB in orthotropic GBM-bearing mice. We further confirmed that functional restoration of pathological BBB with axitinib had certain curative effect in prolonging median survival of orthotropic GBM-bearing mice at non-cytotoxic dosages in vivo. CONCLUSION The mechanism of axitinib involved in BBB functional regulation in the treatment of GBM is first illuminated in this report; moreover, this is the first report first referring to regulating pathological BBB functional recovery for GBM effective therapeutics. Overall, the view of regulating pathological BBB functional recovery may offer a novel sight for other CNS diseases relating to BBB permeability effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Tranditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Medical Sciences of Pain, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Tranditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shiying He
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Tranditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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149
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Blood-Brain Barrier Overview: Structural and Functional Correlation. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6564585. [PMID: 34912450 PMCID: PMC8668349 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6564585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable and extremely selective system in the central nervous system of most vertebrates, that separates blood from the brain's extracellular fluid. It plays a vital role in regulating the transport of necessary materials for brain function, furthermore, protecting it from foreign substances in the blood that could damage it. In this review, we searched in Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Saudi Digital Library for the various cells and components that support the development and function of this barrier, as well as the different pathways to transport the various molecules between blood and the brain. We also discussed the aspects that lead to BBB dysfunction and its neuropathological consequences, with the identification of some of the most important biomarkers that might be used as a biomarker to predict the BBB disturbances. This comprehensive overview of BBB will pave the way for future studies to focus on developing more specific targeting systems in material delivery as a future approach that assists in combinatorial therapy or nanotherapy to destroy or modify this barrier in pathological conditions such as brain tumors and brain stem cell carcinomas.
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150
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Li R, Peng Y, Pu Y, Zhao Y, Nie R, Guo L, Wu Y. Fructose and biotin co-modified liposomes for dual-targeting breast cancer. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:119-128. [PMID: 34895001 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1894171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, as the main treatment for breast cancer, inevitably damages normal tissues due to the lack of targeting. Various nano targeting drug delivery systems (TDDS) have the potential to be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Although mono-ligand-directed liposomes have been used with some success, dual-ligand-directed liposomes exhibit promising advantages. In current work, we synthesized a Y-shaped ligand covalently linking fructose and biotin (Fru-Bio-Chol) to prepare a dual-targeting liposome Fru-Bio-Lip for breast cancer. The targeting ability was evaluated by comparing the Fru-Bio-Lip with the non-modified liposome (Lip), fructose or biotin mono modified liposomes (Fru-Lip and Bio-Lip), and another dual-targeting liposome (Fru + Bio-Lip) physically mixing fructose and biotin mono modified ligands (Fru-Chol and Bio-Chol). The cellular uptake of Fru-Bio-Lip is 3.27-, 1.81-, 2.19-, 1.15-times that of Lip, Fru-Lip, Bio-Lip and Fru + Bio-Lip on 4T1 cells, and 3.11-, 1.80-, 1.89-, 1.15-times on MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the uptake mechanism indicates the uptake of Fru-Bio-Lip is energy-dependently achieved through multiple endocytosis pathway with a dual recognition of fructose and biotin by GLUT5 and SMVT. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay show PTX-Fru-Bio-Lip among liposomes have the strongest proliferation inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells, and the apoptosis rate is 1.7-times that of PTX-Lip. In vivo images indicate Fru-Bio-Lip have the strongest tumour enrichment ability, which is 2.76-, 1.60-, 1.96-, 1.40-times that of Lip, Fru-Lip, Bio-Lip and Fru + Bio-Lip, respectively. Overall, the fructose and biotin covalently modified liposomes improved breast cancer targeting ability, demonstrating great potential as a drug delivery system for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchi Pu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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