101
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Kang SY, Kang CH, Lee KH. B-cell-activating factor is elevated in serum of patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:1030-1033. [PMID: 27121160 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a B-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a major factor in B-cell development and activation. In this study we investigated serum BAFF levels in MG patients. METHODS We compared the serum BAFF levels of 20 MG patients with gender-matched healthy controls. We assayed serum concentrations of BAFF and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR) titers. RESULTS Serum BAFF levels of MG patients with AChR antibodies were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum BAFF levels and anti-AChR antibody titers. BAFF values did not correlate with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS BAFF may play a major role in the pathogenesis of MG, and it may provide a potential target for therapy in patients with MG. Muscle Nerve 54: 1030-1033, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Yoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hoo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
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102
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Arriola E, Wheater M, Lopez MA, Thomas G, Ottensmeier C. Evaluation of immune infiltration in the colonic mucosa of patients with ipilimumab-related colitis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1209615. [PMID: 27757302 PMCID: PMC5048766 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1209615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients treated with ipilimumab will develop gastrointestinal toxicity. The immunological drivers that underpin the clinical observations in human tissues are poorly understood. We report here on the immune consequences of ipilimumab treatment in the colorectal mucosa of patients with treatment-related colitis. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the immune infiltrate by CD8+, FoxP3, and granzyme B (GzmB) in colonic biopsies from 20 patients with ipilimumab-related colitis. We assessed 10 cases with normal colon biopsies for comparison. In eight cases (four on steroids only, four on steroids and infliximab), we evaluated two sequential biopsies. We observed that CD8+, FoxP3+, and GzmB T cell counts were significantly higher in patients with ipilimumab-related colitis compared to normal colon (p < 0.0001). Patients who required infliximab for the resolution of their colitis had a significantly higher CD8+/FoxP3 ratio than those treated only with steroids and this correlated with clinical severity. The analysis of repeat samples revealed that resolution of the colitis was associated with a decrease in CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells both in patients treated with steroids and infliximab. Our data suggest that counts of cytotoxic T cells and Tregs in the colonic mucosa from patients with ipilimumab-related colitis correlate with clinical findings and may predict severity and guide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Arriola
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Wheater
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gareth Thomas
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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103
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Ashcraft KA, Peace RM, Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4032-50. [PMID: 27381680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major objective of the emerging field of exercise-oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Arguably, critical next steps in the development of exercise as a candidate treatment in cancer control require preclinical studies to validate the biological efficacy of exercise, identify the optimal "dose", and pinpoint mechanisms of action. To evaluate the current evidence base, we conducted a critical systematic review of in vivo studies investigating the effects of exercise in cancer prevention and progression. Studies were evaluated on the basis of tumor outcomes (e.g., incidence, growth, latency, metastasis), dose-response, and mechanisms of action, when available. A total of 53 studies were identified and evaluated on tumor incidence (n = 24), tumor growth (n = 33), or metastasis (n = 10). We report that the current evidence base is plagued by considerable methodologic heterogeneity in all aspects of study design, endpoints, and efficacy. Such heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons and conclusions at present. To this end, we provide a framework of methodologic and data reporting standards to strengthen the field to guide the conduct of high-quality studies required to inform translational, mechanism-driven clinical trials. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4032-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph M Peace
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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104
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Successful intestinal Echinococcus multilocularis oncosphere invasion and subsequent hepatic metacestode establishment in resistant RccHan™:WIST rats after pharmacological immunosuppression. Parasitology 2016; 143:1252-60. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYSusceptibility/resistance to larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection varies greatly depending on host species and strains. Whereas several mice strains and non-human primates are highly susceptible to alveolar echinococcosis, rats and most of humans are considered as more resistant. In this study, we aimed to elucidate factors responsible for host resistance in rats (Experiments A–D). (A) The parasite establishment was not observed in immunocompetent Wistar rats orally inoculated with sodium hypochlorite resistant eggs with/without pig bile, or activated/non-activated oncospheres (NAO). Peritoneal inoculation with NAO or metacestode tissue allowed the parasite establishment in rats. (B) T-cell-deficient athymic nude rats showed complete resistance against the metacestode establishment after oral inoculation with parasite eggs. This finding suggests that T-cell-independent parasite clearance occurred in the animals during early phase of the parasite invasion. Finally, Wistar rats that received pharmacological immunosuppression using either dexamethasone (DMS) alone or methotrexate (MTX) i.p. alone or a combination of these compounds were orally inoculated with the parasite's eggs. As a result (D), successful establishment of metacestode with protoscoleces was observed in all 3 rats treated with DMS (s.c.) alone or in all 6 rats treated with DMS (s.c.) plus MTX but not in 8 rats with MTX alone, suggesting that factors affected by DMS treatment are responsible to regulate the parasite invasion and establishment.
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105
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Molderings GJ, Haenisch B, Brettner S, Homann J, Menzen M, Dumoulin FL, Panse J, Butterfield J, Afrin LB. Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:671-94. [PMID: 27132234 PMCID: PMC4903110 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MCs and, in aggressive forms, from organ failure related to MC infiltration. In most cases, treatment of MCAD is directed primarily at controlling the symptoms associated with MC mediator release. In advanced forms, such as aggressive SM and MCL, agents targeting MC proliferation such as kinase inhibitors may be provided. Targeted therapies aimed at blocking mutant protein variants and/or downstream signaling pathways are currently being developed. Other targets, such as specific surface antigens expressed on neoplastic MCs, might be considered for the development of future therapies. Since clinicians are often underprepared to evaluate, diagnose, and effectively treat this clinically heterogeneous disease, we seek to familiarize clinicians with MCAD and review current and future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard J Molderings
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Britta Haenisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Brettner
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Kreiskrankenhaus Waldbröl, Waldbröl, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homann
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Menzen
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franz Ludwig Dumoulin
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joseph Butterfield
- Program for the Study of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Disorders, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lawrence B Afrin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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106
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Cheng T, Dimitrov S, Pruitt C, Hong S. Glucocorticoid mediated regulation of inflammation in human monocytes is associated with depressive mood and obesity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 66:195-204. [PMID: 26829709 PMCID: PMC4792525 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is observed in various conditions, including depression and obesity, which are also often related. Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance and desensitization of peripheral GC receptors (GRs) are often the case in HPA dysregulation seen in depression, and GC plays a critical role in regulation of inflammation. Given the growing evidence that inflammation is a central feature of some depression cases and obesity, we aimed to investigate the immune-regulatory role of GC-GR in relation to depressive mood and obesity in 35 healthy men and women. Depressive mood and level of obesity were assessed, using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-Ia) and body mass index (BMI), respectively. We measured plasma cortisol levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated intracellular tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by monocytes, using flow cytometry. Cortisol sensitivity was determined by the difference in monocytic TNF production between the conditions of 1 and 0 μM cortisol incubation ("cortisol-mediated inflammation regulation, CoMIR"). GR vs. mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism for CoMIR was examined by using mifepristone and spironolactone. A series of multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate independent contribution of depressive mood vs. obesity after controlling for age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and plasma cortisol in predicting CoMIR. CoMIR was explained by somatic subcomponents of depressive mood (BDI-S: β=-0.499, p=0.001), or BMI (β=-0.466, p<0.01) in separate models. The effects of BMI disappeared when BDI-S was controlled for in the model, while BDI-S remained a significant independent predictor for CoMIR (β=-0.369, p<0.05). However, BMI remained the only independent predictor when BDI-T or BDI-C were controlled for in the model. Mediation analyses also revealed that the relationship between BMI and CoMIR was mediated by BDI-S. The exploratory findings of the relative GR vs. MR roles in CoMIR, using GR and MR blockers, indicated that CoMIR in our cellular model was predominantly mediated by GRs at the higher cortisol dose (1 μM). There was initial indication that greater obesity and somatic depressive symptoms were associated with smaller efficacy of the blockers, which warrants further investigation. Our findings, although in a preclinical sample, signify the shared pathophysiology of immune dysregulation in depression and obesity and warrant further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefu Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Christopher Pruitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States.
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107
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Tallab RT, Stone DU. Corticosteroids as a therapy for bacterial keratitis: an evidence-based review of ‘who, when and why’. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 100:731-5. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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108
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Stelzer IA, Arck PC. Immunity and the Endocrine System. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7151910 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.19001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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109
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TALEN-mediated genetic inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor in cytomegalovirus-specific T cells. Blood 2015; 126:2781-9. [PMID: 26508783 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-664755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. T-cell immunity is critical for control of CMV infection, and correction of the immune deficiency induced by transplant is now clinically achievable by the adoptive transfer of donor-derived CMV-specific T cells. It is notable, however, that most clinical studies of adoptive T- cell therapy exclude patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) from receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy, which impairs cellular immunity. This group of patients remains the highest clinical risk group for recurrent and problematic infections. Here, we address this unmet clinical need by genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene using electroporation of transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) messenger RNA. We demonstrate efficient inactivation of the GR gene without off-target activity in Streptamer-selected CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells (HLA-A02/NLV peptide), conferring resistance to glucocorticoids. TALEN-modified CMV-specific T cells retained specific killing of target cells pulsed with the CMV peptide NLV in the presence of dexamethasone (DEX). Inactivation of the GR gene also conferred resistance to DEX in a xenogeneic GVHD model in sublethally irradiated NOD-scid IL2rγ(null) mice. This proof of concept provides the rationale for the development of clinical protocols for producing and administering high-purity genetically engineered virus-specific T cells that are resistant to the suppressive effects of corticosteroids.
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110
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Ghirardello A, Gizzo S, Noventa M, Quaranta M, Vitagliano A, Gallo N, Pantano G, Beggio M, Cosma C, Gangemi M, Plebani M, Doria A. Acute immunomodulatory changes during controlled ovarian stimulation: evidence from the first trial investigating the short-term effects of estradiol on biomarkers and B cells involved in autoimmunity. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1765-72. [PMID: 26466939 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of an acute short-term estradiol (E(2)) increase on serum levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF), immunoglobulins (Ig), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), and the peripheral B cell phenotype. METHODS We conducted, at the Infertility Center of the University of Padua, a prospective case-control study on a cohort of infertile normo-responder women (group-A, 63 patients) undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) compared with an age-matched cohort of normo-ovulatory healthy women (group-B, 39 patients). Three serial blood sample assays were conducted in both groups, at T0, hypothalamic suppression; T1, ovulation induction; and T2, βhCG test in group A, and at T0, 2nd day; T1, 14th day; and T2, 21st day of cycle in group B, and serum levels of E(2) and BAFF, BAFF/E(2) ratio, circulating IgM, IgG, and IgA, ANA titer, and peripheral B cell phenotype were measured. We compared group-A versus group-B in terms of absolute and E(2) normalized values of BAFF at baseline (T0) to verify for possible differences between healthy and infertile women, at T1 to verify for possible differences occurring after spontaneous ovulation versus COS, and at T2 to evaluate differences in serum BAFF levels between pregnant versus non-pregnant patients (considering only group-A) and between non-pregnant women after spontaneous versus COS cycles (group-B versus group-A). In group-A, we also evaluated IgM, IgG, IgA levels, ANA titer, and peripheral B cell phenotype at T0 versus T1 versus T2. RESULTS With the exception of E(2) levels at T1 (as expected), no significant differences were found between the two groups for all outcome measures. In group-A, BAFF at T0 positively correlated with IgM levels; marginal zone CD19+/CD27+/IgD+ memory B cell compartment tended to be expanded at T1 when compared with T0. CONCLUSIONS Despite several mechanistic and clinical studies supporting a stimulatory role of E(2) on autoimmunity, the acute increase of E(2) during COS for infertility treatment does not seem to have a major impact on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gizzo
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, U.O.C. di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Quaranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gallo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pantano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marianna Beggio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Gangemi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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111
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Mellor CL, Steinmetz FP, Cronin MTD. The identification of nuclear receptors associated with hepatic steatosis to develop and extend adverse outcome pathways. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 46:138-52. [PMID: 26451809 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1089471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) is becoming a key component of twenty-first century toxicology. AOPs provide a conceptual framework that links the molecular initiating event to an adverse outcome through organized toxicological knowledge, bridging the gap from chemistry to toxicological effect. As nuclear receptors (NRs) play essential roles for many physiological processes within the body, they are used regularly as drug targets for therapies to treat many diseases including diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the heightened development of NR ligands, there is increased need for the identification of related AOPs to facilitate their risk assessment. Many NR ligands have been linked specifically to steatosis. This article reviews and summarizes the role of NR and their importance with links between NR examined to identify plausible putative AOPs. The following NRs are shown to induce hepatic steatosis upon ligand binding: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, oestrogen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, farnesoid X receptor, liver X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, pregnane X receptor and the retinoic acid receptor. A preliminary, putative AOP was formed for NR binding linked to hepatic steatosis as the adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Mellor
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | - Fabian P Steinmetz
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , England
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112
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Jiang CL, Liu L, Li Z, Buttgereit F. The novel strategy of glucocorticoid drug development via targeting nongenomic mechanisms. Steroids 2015; 102:27-31. [PMID: 26122209 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Unfortunately, they can also produce numerous and potentially serious side effects that limit their usage. This problem represents the driving force for the intensive search for novel GCs with a better benefit-risk ratio compared to conventional GCs. GCs are believed to take effects mainly through classical genomic mechanisms, which are also largely responsible for GCs' side effects. However, in addition to these genomic effects, GCs also demonstrate rapid genomic-independent activities. It has become increasingly evident that some of the anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-allergic and anti-shock effects of GCs could be mediated through nongenomic mechanisms. Thus, theoretically, trying to use nongenomic mechanisms of GCs more intensively may represent a novel strategy for development of GCs with low side effect profile. The new GCs' drugs will take clinical effects mainly via nongenomic mechanisms and do not execute the classical genomic mechanism to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, 201203 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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113
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Arriola E, Wheater M, Krishnan R, Smart J, Foria V, Ottensmeier C. Immunosuppression for ipilimumab-related toxicity can cause pneumocystis pneumonia but spare antitumor immune control. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1040218. [PMID: 26451305 PMCID: PMC4589063 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ipilimumab is a standard therapy for advanced melanoma. Severe immune related adverse events occur in up to 30% of patients and require treatment with immunosuppressants such as steroids or the anti-TNFα antibody, infliximab. We describe two patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. Both suffered from severe immune related side effects and required prolonged immunosuppression with steroids and/or infliximab. Both patients recovered and in spite of the immune suppression, demonstrate clinical evidence of tumor control. This argues that distinct immunological effector functions control nosocomial infection and tumor, respectively. To our knowledge, these are also the first two case reports of pneumocystis pneumonia in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Arriola
- Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Wheater
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - Radhika Krishnan
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - James Smart
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - Vipul Foria
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center; University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton, UK
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114
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Cook AM, McDonnell AM, Lake RA, Nowak AK. Dexamethasone co-medication in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy causes substantial immunomodulatory effects with implications for chemo-immunotherapy strategies. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1066062. [PMID: 27141331 PMCID: PMC4839331 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1066062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid (GC) steroid dexamethasone (Dex) is used as a supportive care co-medication for cancer patients undergoing standard care pemetrexed/platinum doublet chemotherapy. As trials for new cancer immunotherapy treatments increase in prevalence, it is important to track the immunological changes induced by co-medications commonly used in the clinic, but not specifically included in trial design or in pre-clinical models. Here, we document a number of Dex -induced immunological effects, including a large-scale lymphodepletive effect particularly affecting CD4+ T cells but also CD8+ T cells. The proportion of regulatory T cells within the CD4+ compartment did not change after Dex was administered, however a significant increase in proliferation and activation of regulatory T cells was observed. We also noted Dex -induced proportional changes in dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. We discuss these immunological effects in the context of chemoimmunotherapy strategies, and suggest a number of considerations to be taken into account when designing future studies where Dex and other GCs may be in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison M McDonnell
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Perth, WA, Australia
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De Bruyne R, Bogaert D, De Ruyck N, Lambrecht BN, Van Winckel M, Gevaert P, Dullaers M. Calcineurin inhibitors dampen humoral immunity by acting directly on naive B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:542-50. [PMID: 25682989 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), used frequently in solid organ transplant patients, are known to inhibit T cell proliferation, but their effect on humoral immunity is far less studied. Total and naive B cells from healthy adult donors were cultured in immunoglobulin (Ig)A- or IgG/IgE-promoting conditions with increasing doses of cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin or methylprednisolone. The effect on cell number, cell division, plasmablast differentiation and class-switching was tested. To examine the effect on T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation, naive CD4(+) T cells were cultured with interleukin (IL)-12 and titrated immunosuppressive drug (IS) concentrations. Total B cell function was not affected by CNI. However, naive B cell proliferation was inhibited by cyclosporin and both CNI decreased plasmablast differentiation. Both CNI suppressed IgA, whereas only cyclosporin inhibited IgE class-switching. Rapamycin had a strong inhibitory effect on B cell function. Strikingly, methylprednisolone, increased plasmablast differentiation and IgE class-switching from naive B cells. Differentiation of Tfh cells decreased with increasing IS doses. CNI affected humoral immunity directly by suppressing naive B cells. CNI, as well as rapamycin and methylprednisolone, inhibited the in-vitro differentiation of Tfh from naive CD4(+) T cells. In view of its potent suppressive effect on B cell function and Tfh cell differentiation, rapamycin might be an interesting candidate in the management of B cell mediated complications post solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Bruyne
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital
| | - D Bogaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital.,Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | - N De Ruyck
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium, Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Van Winckel
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital
| | - P Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology
| | - M Dullaers
- Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine
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Zen M, Iaccarino L, Gatto M, Bettio S, Nalotto L, Ghirardello A, Punzi L, Doria A. Prolonged remission in Caucasian patients with SLE: prevalence and outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AimTo assess the prevalence of prolonged remission in Caucasian patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with damage accrual.MethodsCaucasian patients diagnosed with SLE between 1990 and 2009 and quarterly seen from 2009 to 2013 were included in the study. We defined remission as prolonged when lasting ≥5 consecutive years. Three levels of remission were defined using the SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K): complete remission: no disease activity in corticosteroid-free and immunosuppressant-free patients; clinical remission off corticosteroids: serologically active clinical quiescent (SACQ) disease in corticosteroid-free patients and clinical remission on corticosteroids: SACQ disease in patients taking prednisone 1–5 mg/day. Damage was measured by the SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI).Results224 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria: 196 (87.5%) were women, mean±SD disease duration 11.2±6.8 years. During the 5-year follow-up, 16 patients (7.1%) achieved prolonged complete remission, 33 (14.7%) prolonged clinical remission off corticosteroids and 35 (15.6%) prolonged clinical remission on corticosteroids. At the multivariate analysis, vasculitis (OR 4.95), glomerulonephritis (OR 2.38) and haematological manifestations (OR 2.19) over the patients’ disease course were associated with an unremitted disease. SDI increased more frequently in unremitted (72/140, 51.4%) than in remitted patients (22/84, 26.2%; p=0.001); SDI median increase was higher in unremitted than in remitted patients: 1 (0–3) vs 0 (0–2), respectively (p<0.001). At multivariate analysis, unremitted disease (OR 2.52) and high-dose corticosteroid intake (OR 2.35) were risk factors for damage accrual.ConclusionsThirty-seven percent of our Caucasian patients achieved a prolonged remission, which was associated with a better outcome in terms of damage accrual.
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The effect of perioperative administration of glucocorticoids on pulmonary complications after transthoracic oesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 31:685-94. [PMID: 24841503 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pulmonary complications occur frequently following transthoracic oesophagectomy. An exaggerated immunological response is probably a main driving factor, and this might be prevented by perioperative administration of a glucocorticoid. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical benefits and harms of perioperative glucocorticoid during transthoracic oesophagectomy, using pulmonary complications as the primary outcome. Mortality, anastomotic leakage rate and infection were secondary outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of interventional trials with a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS The search retrieved seven RCTs and four interventional nonrandomised studies. In total, 367 patients received perioperative glucocorticoid and 415 patients did not. A meta-analysis of the RCTs showed no significant effect of glucocorticoid. For pulmonary complications, the pooled risk ratio was 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 1.79], for anastomotic leakage 0.61 (95% CI 0.23 to 1.61) and for infections 1.09 (95% CI 0.41 to 2.93). A subgroup analysis of RCTs that used weight-dependent dosing within 30 min preoperatively showed a pooled risk ratio of 0.28 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.77) for pulmonary complications compared with placebo. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, perioperative administration of glucocorticoid did not affect the risk of pulmonary complications after transthoracic oesophagectomy, nor did it cause adverse effects. A subgroup analysis showed that a weight-dependent dose of methylprednisolone 10 to 30 mg kg within 30 min preoperatively might be the most promising dosing regimen for further research.
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Hoffman TW, van Kessel DA, van Velzen-Blad H, Grutters JC, Rijkers GT. Antibody replacement therapy in primary antibody deficiencies and iatrogenic hypogammaglobulinemia. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:921-33. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1049599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lorén V, Cabré E, Ojanguren I, Domènech E, Pedrosa E, García-Jaraquemada A, Mañosa M, Manyé J. Interleukin-10 Enhances the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in the Presence of Corticosteroids through p38 MAPK Activity in Caco-2 Monolayers: A Possible Mechanism for Steroid Responsiveness in Ulcerative Colitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130921. [PMID: 26090671 PMCID: PMC4474693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticosteroids are the first line therapy for moderate-severe flare-ups of ulcerative colitis. Despite that, up to 60% of patients do not respond adequately to steroid treatment. Previously, we reported that low IL-10 mRNA levels in intestine are associated with a poor response to glucocorticoids in active Crohn's disease. Here, we test whether IL-10 can favour the response to glucocorticoids by improving the TNFα-induced intestinal barrier damage (assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance) in Caco-2 monolayers, and their possible implications on glucocorticoid responsiveness in active ulcerative colitis. We show that the association of IL-10 and glucocorticoids improves the integrity of TNFα-treated Caco-2 cells and that p38 MAPK plays a key role. In vitro, IL-10 facilitates the nuclear translocation of p38 MAPK-phosphorylated thereby modulating glucocorticoids-receptor-α, IL-10-receptor-α and desmoglein-2 expression. In glucocorticoids-refractory patients, p38 MAPK phosphorylation and membrane desmoglein-2 expression are reduced in colonic epithelial cells. These results suggest that p38 MAPK-mediated synergism between IL-10 and glucocorticoids improves desmosome straightness contributing to the recovery of intestinal epithelium and reducing luminal antigens contact with lamina propria in ulcerative colitis. This study highlights the link between the intestinal epithelium in glucocorticoids-response in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Lorén
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Research Institute of Health Sciences ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease & G-I Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’ University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Ojanguren
- Department of Pathology, ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’ University Hospital, Badalona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease & G-I Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’ University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Pedrosa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Research Institute of Health Sciences ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arce García-Jaraquemada
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Research Institute of Health Sciences ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Mañosa
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease & G-I Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’ University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Research Institute of Health Sciences ‘Germans Trias i Pujol’, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER, Madrid, Spain
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Zeng M, Li ZY, Ma J, Cao PP, Wang H, Cui YH, Liu Z. Clarithromycin and dexamethasone show similar anti-inflammatory effects on distinct phenotypic chronic rhinosinusitis: an explant model study. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:37. [PMID: 26047816 PMCID: PMC4456709 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be an important determining factor of the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments. Although both glucocorticoids and macrolide antibiotics have been recommended for the treatment of CRS, whether they have different anti-inflammatory functions for distinct phenotypic CRS has not been completely understood. The aim of this study is to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin and dexamethasone on sinonasal mucosal explants from different phenotypic CRS ex vivo. METHODS Ethmoid mucosal tissues from CRSsNP patients (n = 15), and polyp tissues from eosinophilic (n = 13) and non-eosinophilic (n = 12) CRSwNP patients were cultured in an ex vivo explant model with or without dexamethasone or clarithromycin treatment for 24 h. After culture, the production and/or expression of anti-inflammatory molecules, epithelial-derived cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines, chemokines, dendritic cell relevant markers, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and tissue remodeling factors were detected in tissue explants or culture supernatants by RT-PCR or ELISA, respectively. RESULTS We found that both clarithromycin and dexamethasone up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory mediators (Clara cell 10-kDa protein and interleukin (IL)-10), whereas down-regulated the production of Th2 response and eosinophilia promoting molecules (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, IL-33, CD80, CD86, OX40 ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1, CCL17, CCL22, CCL11, CCL5, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophilic cationic protein) and Th1 response and neutrophilia promoting molecules (CXCL8, CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL9, interferon-γ, and IL-12), from sinonasal mucosa from distinct phenotypic CRS. In contrast, they had no effect on IL-17A production. The expression of PRRs (Toll-like receptors and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) was induced, and the production of tissue remodeling factors (transforming growth factor-β1, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 9) was suppressed, in different phenotypic CRS by dexamethasone and clarithromycin in comparable extent. CONCLUSIONS Out of our expectation, our explant model study discovered herein that glucocorticoids and macrolides likely exerted similar regulatory actions on CRS and most of their effects did not vary by the phenotypes of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Ping Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Hua Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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The In Vivo Granulopoietic Response to Dexamethasone Injection Is Abolished in Perforin-Deficient Mutant Mice and Corrected by Lymphocyte Transfer from Nonsensitized Wild-Type Donors. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:495430. [PMID: 26063973 PMCID: PMC4434200 DOI: 10.1155/2015/495430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenously administered glucocorticoids enhance eosinophil and neutrophil granulocyte production from murine bone-marrow. A hematological response dependent on endogenous glucocorticoids underlies bone-marrow eosinophilia induced by trauma or allergic sensitization/challenge. We detected a defect in granulopoiesis in nonsensitized, perforin-deficient mice. In steady-state conditions, perforin- (Pfp-) deficient mice showed significantly decreased bone-marrow and blood eosinophil and neutrophil counts, and colony formation in response to GM-CSF, relative to wild-type controls of comparable age and/or weight. By contrast, peripheral blood or spleen total cell and lymphocyte numbers were not affected by perforin deficiency. Dexamethasone enhanced colony formation by GM-CSF-stimulated progenitors from wild-type controls, but not Pfp mice. Dexamethasone injection increased bone-marrow eosinophil and neutrophil counts in wild-type controls, but not Pfp mice. Because perforin is expressed in effector lymphocytes, we examined whether this defect would be corrected by transferring wild-type lymphocytes into perforin-deficient recipients. Short-term reconstitution of the response to dexamethasone was separately achieved for eosinophils and neutrophils by transfer of distinct populations of splenic lymphocytes from nonsensitized wild-type donors. Transfer of the same amount of splenic lymphocytes from perforin-deficient donors was ineffective. This demonstrates that the perforin-dependent, granulopoietic response to dexamethasone can be restored by transfer of innate lymphocyte subpopulations.
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Xiang L, Rehm KE, Sunesara I, Griswold M, Marshall GD. Gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:438-444. [PMID: 25434615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify whether stable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various endocrine and immune molecules could be used as biomarkers associated with specific immune alterations and chronic stress measures in normal humans. METHODS A total of 207 volunteer participants answered stress questionnaire and gave peripheral blood cells for identification of SNPs in genes coding for glucocorticoid receptor (GR), beta 2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), interferon-gamma receptors (IFNGR1, IFNGR2), and interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R). Immunoregulatory profiles were measured by flow cytometry and genotyping assays were performed by allelic discrimination real-time PCR. RESULTS Several significant differences were revealed in associations between stress marker and immune indicators based on SNP categories. For instance, Th1 levels of the minor alleles of GR TthIIII (AA) and IFNGR2 Q64R (Arg/Arg) groups were positively associated with chronic stress (PSS) (p = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively) compared with wild type (WT) and negatively associated with PSS in the heterozygous genotypes of GR BclI and IL4R Ile50Val (p = 0.040 and p = 0.052, respectively). Treg levels of the minor alleles of BclI (GG) and IFNGR1 T-56C (CC) groups were positively associated with PSS (p = 0.045 and p = 0.010, respectively) and negatively associated in the minor allele (Val/Val) of IL4R Ile50Va and the heterozygous genotype of IL4R Q576R (p = 0.041 and p = 0.017, respectively) compared to WT. CONCLUSION The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Male
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Imran Sunesara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael Griswold
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Hunter HJA, Momen SE, Kleyn CE. The impact of psychosocial stress on healthy skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:540-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. A. Hunter
- Dermatological Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - S. E. Momen
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys and St Thomas; London UK
| | - C. E. Kleyn
- Dermatological Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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Oster M, Scheel M, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Zebunke M, Puppe B, Wimmers K. The fight-or-flight response is associated with PBMC expression profiles related to immune defence and recovery in swine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120153. [PMID: 25793368 PMCID: PMC4368799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining phenotypes according to molecular features would promote the knowledge of functional traits like behaviour in both human and animal research. Beside physiological states or environmental factors, an innate predisposition of individual coping strategies was discussed, including the proactive and reactive pattern. According to backtest reactivity, animals assigned as high-resisting (proactive) and low-resisting (reactive) were immune challenged with tetanus toxoid in a time course experiment. Using the Affymetrix platform and qPCR, individual coping characteristics were reflected as gene expression signatures in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at naïve state (day 0) and in response to the model antigen (day 14, day 28, and day 140). Further, the blood cell count was analysed at all stages. On the transcriptional level, processes acting on cell communication, vasculogenesis, and blood coagulation were highlighted in high-resisting animals at naïve state (day 0), temporarily blurred due to immune challenge (day 14) but subsequently restored and intensified (day 28). Notably, similar amounts of white and red blood cells, platelets and haematocrit between high-resisting and low-resisting samples suggest coping-specific expression patterns rather than alterations in blood cell distribution. Taken together, the gene expression patterns indicate that proactive pigs might favour molecular pathways enabling an effective strategy for defence and recovery. This corroborates the previously suggested belief, that proactive animals are prone to an increased number of injuries as an evolutionary inherited mechanism. In contrast to previous assumptions, coping-specific immunity in pigs lacks inherited shifts between cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Scheel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Zebunke
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioural Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioural Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Keenan CR, Radojicic D, Li M, Radwan A, Stewart AG. Heterogeneity in mechanisms influencing glucocorticoid sensitivity: the need for a systems biology approach to treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:81-93. [PMID: 25596317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have impressive anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and show a diversity of actions across a variety of cell phenotypes. Implicit in efforts to optimize GCs as anti-inflammatory agents for any or all indications is the notion that the relevant mechanism(s) of action of GCs are fully elucidated. However, recent advances in understanding GC signalling mechanisms have revealed remarkable complexity and contextual dependence, calling into question whether the mechanisms of action are sufficiently well-described to embark on optimization. In the current review, we address evidence for differences in the mechanism of action in different cell types and contexts, and discuss contrasts in mechanisms of glucocorticoid insensitivity, with a focus on asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Given this complexity, we consider the potential breadth of impact and selectivity of strategies directed to reversing the glucocorticoid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Keenan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Danica Radojicic
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Meina Li
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Asmaa Radwan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Yakimchuk K, Chen L, Hasni MS, Okret S, Jondal M. The selective impact of transgenically expressed glucocorticoid receptor on T cells. Autoimmunity 2014; 48:117-24. [PMID: 25401790 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.959164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) strongly impact on different T cell subsets inducing generally immunosuppressive effects, whereas much less is known about the effect of GC on natural killer (NK) cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of GC on T cell functions, including T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response, and on NK cells. We have used lck-GR mice, which overexpress a transgenic rat GR in both T and NK cells. These mice were found to have decreased both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations in the periphery. In contrast, both NK and NKT cells were found in normal numbers in lck-GR mice. To identify genes and pathways affected by GR overexpression in our system in T cells, we have compared gene expression profiles in wild-type and lck-GR T cells. Among the genes upregulated in T cells from lck-GR mice, the microarray analysis has identified genes regulating expansion of regulatory T cells. The analysis of genes downregulated in lck-GR mice has identified genes and gene associated with the regulation of immune response. With regard to the effects on T cell functions in lck-GR mice, transgenic expression of GR had a suppressive effect on killer cell activity in vitro. In addition, lck-GR mice showed an increased tumor growth in murine tumor model in vivo, which may be a possible consequence of reduced T cell numbers and activity. We conclude that an increased expression of the GR strongly affects numbers and possibly functions of T cell subsets, but has little effect on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Yakimchuk
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Instutet , Novum, Huddinge , Sweden and
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Oster M, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, D’Eath RB, Turner SP, Evans G, Thölking L, Kurt E, Klont R, Foury A, Mormède P, Wimmers K. Transcriptional responses of PBMC in psychosocially stressed animals indicate an alerting of the immune system in female but not in castrated male pigs. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:967. [PMID: 25380980 PMCID: PMC4233077 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain and immune system are linked in a bi-directional manner. To date, it remained largely unknown why immune components become suppressed, enhanced, or remain unaffected in relation to psychosocial stress. Therefore, we mixed unfamiliar pigs with different levels of aggressiveness. We separated castrated male and female pigs into psychosocially high- and low- stressed animals by skin lesions, plasma cortisol level, and creatine kinase activity obtained from agonistic behaviour associated with regrouping. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected post-mortem and differential gene expression was assessed using the Affymetrix platform (n = 16). RESULTS Relevant stress-dependent alterations were found only between female samples, but not between castrated male samples. Molecular routes related to TREM 1 signalling, dendritic cell maturation, IL-6 signalling, Toll-like receptor signalling, and IL-8 signalling were increased in high stressed females compared to low stressed females. This indicates a launch of immune effector molecules as a direct response. According to the shifts of transcripts encoding cell surface receptors (e.g. CD14, TLR2, TLR4, TREM1) the study highlights processes acting on pattern recognition, inflammation, and cell-cell communication. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional response partly affected the degree of 'stress responsiveness', indicating that the high stressed females altered their signal transduction due to potential infections and injuries while fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- />Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- />Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- />Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Richard B D’Eath
- />Animal & Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| | - Simon P Turner
- />Animal & Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| | - Gary Evans
- />PIC UK, 2 Kingston Business Park, Kingston Bagpuize, Oxfordshire, OX13 5FE UK
| | - Ludger Thölking
- />PIC Germany, PIC Deutschland GmbH, Ratsteich 31, 24837 Schleswig, Germany
| | - Esra Kurt
- />Optimeter, Oyaksitesi 1.kisim 11b blok da:4, Sefakoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ronald Klont
- />Vion Food Group, Boseind 10, 5281 RM Boxtel Postbus 1, 5280 AA Boxtel, The Netherlands
| | - Aline Foury
- />Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, PsyNuGen, UMR 1286 INRA, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Mormède
- />Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, PsyNuGen, UMR 1286 INRA, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- />Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Fritsch P, Craddock TJA, del Rosario RM, Rice MA, Smylie A, Folcik VA, de Vries G, Fletcher MA, Klimas NG, Broderick G. Succumbing to the laws of attraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/sysb.28948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Iaccarino L, Bartoloni E, Gerli R, Alunno A, Barsotti S, Cafaro G, Gatto M, Talarico R, Tripoli A, Zen M, Neri R, Doria A. Drugs in induction and treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2014; 5:95-100. [PMID: 26000161 PMCID: PMC4386578 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-014-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a rare disease; so far standardized therapy has not been adequately defined by national or international guidelines or recommendations. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, but these drugs are burdened by several side effects. Thus, additional treatment based on immunosuppressive agents, especially azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine, is often needed. This combinate approach both improves the disease response and allows reduction of the dosage of corticosteroids, decreasing the risk of steroid-related long-term complications. Biological agents, particularly B cell depleting agent, are emergent therapeutic tools for refractory cases. Notably, drugs currently used for the therapy of IIM or other rheumatologic and non-rheumatologic conditions can induce myopathy. Drug-induced myopathies represent a considerable part of the complex topic of muscular disorders and should be always considered in the usual diagnostic work-up of a subject with muscle disease. Several mechanisms have been advocated to explain muscular damage induced by a number of drugs and, although a recovery after drug removal is usually observed, severe or persistent myopathy may be observed following the administration of some drugs, particularly in subjects with genetic predisposition. In this review the traditional and novel therapeutic approaches for patients with IIM, particularly biologics, will be discussed and an overview on drug-induced myopathies will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iaccarino
- Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Barsotti
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Rosaria Talarico
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tripoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Zen
- Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Rossella Neri
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Snäll J, Kormi E, Lindqvist C, Suominen AL, Koivusalo AM, Törnwall J, Thorén H. Pulp necrosis of teeth retained at the mandibular fracture site and the effect of dexamethasone on its occurrence. Dent Traumatol 2014; 31:136-9. [PMID: 25311423 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose was to determine the occurrence of pulp necrosis (PN) of teeth retained at the mandibular fracture site. An additional purpose was to investigate whether perioperative use of dexamethasone increases the risk of PN. PATIENTS AND METHODS A follow-up study on 24 adult dentate patients with mandibular body, symphysis or parasymphysis fracture. These patients had been selected from a larger cohort who had participated in a randomized study of maxillofacial fractures and dexamethasone. All patients who were suspected of having a need for endodontic treatment were evaluated by an endodontist. RESULTS PN was diagnosed in six patients (25.0%) in one or two teeth. Of a total of 33 teeth situated in the fracture line, six (18.2%) were diagnosed as having PN. PN was more common in teeth in which the fracture line ran through the apex (21.7%) than in those in which the fracture line was in contact with the tooth cranially to the apex (10.0%). The association between PN and dexamethasone was not significant. CONCLUSION PN is common after mandibular fractures, particularly when the fracture line runs through the apex of the tooth. Use of short-term, high-dose dexamethasone perioperatively did not significantly increase the risk for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Snäll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hoffmann S, Kohler S, Ziegler A, Meisel A. Glucocorticoids in myasthenia gravis - if, when, how, and how much? Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 130:211-21. [PMID: 25069701 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the most commonly used immune-directed therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG). However, to date, GC have not proven their effectiveness in the setting of a randomized clinical trial that complies with currently accepted standards. The rationale for the use of GC in MG is the autoimmune nature of the disease, which is supported by consistent positive results from retrospective studies. Well-defined recommendations for treatment of MG with GC are lacking and further hampered by inter- and intra-individual differences in the disease course and responses to GC treatment. Uncertainties concerning GC treatment in MG encompass the indication for treatment initiation, exact dosage, dose adjustment in specific conditions (e.g., pregnancy, thymectomy), mode of tapering, and surveillance of adverse events (AE). This review illustrates the mode of action of GC in the treatment for MG, presents the currently available data on GC treatment in MG, and attempts to translate the currently available information into clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Kohler
- Department of Neurology; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Ziegler
- Department of Neurology; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Meisel
- Department of Neurology; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charite - Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
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Pinheiro D, Chang YM, Bryant H, Szladovits B, Dalessandri T, Davison LJ, Yallop E, Mills E, Leo C, Lara A, Stell A, Polton G, Garden OA. Dissecting the regulatory microenvironment of a large animal model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: evidence of a negative prognostic impact of FOXP3+ T cells in canine B cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105027. [PMID: 25119018 PMCID: PMC4132014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment plays a pivotal role in oncogenesis, containing a number of regulatory cells that attenuate the anti-neoplastic immune response. While the negative prognostic impact of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the context of most solid tissue tumors is well established, their role in lymphoid malignancies remains unclear. T cells expressing FOXP3 and Helios were documented in the fine needle aspirates of affected lymph nodes of dogs with spontaneous multicentric B cell lymphoma (BCL), proposed to be a model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multivariable analysis revealed that the frequency of lymph node FOXP3+ T cells was an independent negative prognostic factor, impacting both progression-free survival (hazard ratio 1.10; p = 0.01) and overall survival (hazard ratio 1.61; p = 0.01) when comparing dogs showing higher than the median FOXP3 expression with those showing the median value of FOXP3 expression or less. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of a population of Tregs operational in canine multicentric BCL that resembles thymic Tregs, which we speculate are co-opted by the tumor from the periphery. We suggest that canine multicentric BCL represents a robust large animal model of human diffuse large BCL, showing clinical, cytological and immunophenotypic similarities with the disease in man, allowing comparative studies of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dammy Pinheiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Office, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Bryant
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Henry Wellcome Building, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Yallop
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mills
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Lara
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anneliese Stell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- Oncology Service, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Bolnick DI, Snowberg LK, Hirsch PE, Lauber CL, Org E, Parks B, Lusis AJ, Knight R, Caporaso JG, Svanbäck R. Individual diet has sex-dependent effects on vertebrate gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4500. [PMID: 25072318 PMCID: PMC4279269 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates harbour diverse communities of symbiotic gut microbes. Host diet is known to alter microbiota composition, implying that dietary treatments might alleviate diseases arising from altered microbial composition ('dysbiosis'). However, it remains unclear whether diet effects are general or depend on host genotype. Here we show that gut microbiota composition depends on interactions between host diet and sex within populations of wild and laboratory fish, laboratory mice and humans. Within each of two natural fish populations (threespine stickleback and Eurasian perch), among-individual diet variation is correlated with individual differences in gut microbiota. However, these diet-microbiota associations are sex dependent. We document similar sex-specific diet-microbiota correlations in humans. Experimental diet manipulations in laboratory stickleback and mice confirmed that diet affects microbiota differently in males versus females. The prevalence of such genotype by environment (sex by diet) interactions implies that therapies to treat dysbiosis might have sex-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Bolnick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station C0990, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lisa K. Snowberg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station C0990, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Philipp E. Hirsch
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Program Man-Society-Environment, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian L. Lauber
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, USA
| | - Elin Org
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1675, USA
| | - Brian Parks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1675, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1675, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Lett B, Sivanathan KN, Coates PT. Mesenchymal stem cells for kidney transplantation. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:87-95. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long term consequence of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation has prompted investigation of alternative means to modify the immune response to the allograft. Cell based therapies are potentially attractive as they may provide a long lasting immunomodulatory effect, may repair tissues and reduce the necessity to take immunosuppressive drug therapy. Of the current cell therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have now been trialled in small numbers of human kidney transplantation with apparent safety and potential efficacy. Many issues however need to be resolved before these cells will become mainstays of transplant immunosuppression including ex vivo modification to enhance immunomodulatory properties, cell number, route and frequency of administration as well as cellular source of origin.
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Upregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in glioma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9661-6. [PMID: 24969556 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system fails to eradicate established tumors partly due to the induction of immune tolerance within tumor microenvironment. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play critical roles in regulating immune system. In this study, we investigated pDC in the peripheral blood of glioma. CD4 + CD123 + BDCA2+ pDCs were tested from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 40 glioma patients and 40 healthy controls by flow cytometry. The results revealed that proportion of pDCs was significantly increased in cases than in controls (0.52 ± 0.07 versus 0.21 ± 0.02 %, p < 0.001), whereas myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) did not present any obvious difference between patients and healthy donors (0.25 ± 0.04 versus 0.18 ± 0.02 %, p = 0.217). We further studied pDCs in glioma patients with different clinical stages. Data showed that cases with smoking history had elevated level of pDCs than those non-smoker patients (0.91 ± 0.16 versus 0.48 ± 0.06 %, p = 0.004). Interestingly, we observed that patients with aphasia presented significantly elevated pDCs than those without aphasia (0.93 ± 0.12 versus 0.41 ± 0.07 %, p < 0.001). These data suggested that pDCs may be closely involved in the pathogenesis of glioma and may play roles in certain symptoms of the disease.
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Feltrin C, Cooper CA, Mohamad-Fauzi N, Rodrigues VHV, Aguiar LH, Gaudencio-Neto S, Martins LT, Calderón CEM, Morais AS, Carneiro IS, Almeida TM, Silva ING, Rodrigues JL, Maga EA, Murray JD, Libório AB, Bertolini LR, Bertolini M. Systemic Immunosuppression by Methylprednisolone and Pregnancy Rates in Goats Undergoing the Transfer of Cloned Embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:648-656. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Feltrin
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - CA Cooper
- Transgenics Lab; Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - N Mohamad-Fauzi
- Transgenics Lab; Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - VHV Rodrigues
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - LH Aguiar
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - S Gaudencio-Neto
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - LT Martins
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - CEM Calderón
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - AS Morais
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - IS Carneiro
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - TM Almeida
- Ceará State University; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - ING Silva
- Ceará State University; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - JL Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction and Embryology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - EA Maga
- Transgenics Lab; Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - JD Murray
- Transgenics Lab; Department of Animal Science; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - AB Libório
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - LR Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab; University of Fortaleza; Fortaleza CE Brazil
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Proinflammatory effects of diesel exhaust nanoparticles on scleroderma skin cells. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:138751. [PMID: 24982919 PMCID: PMC4058589 DOI: 10.1155/2014/138751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders of unknown etiology thought to result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to verify whether environmental pollution from diesel engine exhaust nanoparticulate (DEP) of actually operating vehicles could play a role in the development of a rare immune-mediated disease, systemic sclerosis (SSc), in which the pathogenetic role of environment has been highlighted. The effects of carbon-based nanoparticulate collected at the exhaust of newer (Euro 5) and older (Euro 4) diesel engines on SSc skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts were evaluated in vitro by assessing the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and fibroblast chemical mediators (metalloproteases 2, 3, 7, 9, and 12; collagen types I and III; VEGF). DEP was shown to stimulate cytokine gene expression at a higher extent in SSc keratinocytes versus normal cells. Moreover, the mRNA gene expression of all MMPs, collagen types, and VEGF genes was significantly higher in untreated SSc fibroblasts versus controls. Euro 5 particle exposure increased the mRNA expression of MMP-2, -7, and -9 in SSc fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner and only at the highest concentration in normal cells. We suggest that environmental DEP could trigger the development of SSc acting on genetically hyperreactive cell systems.
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140
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Bellavance MA, Rivest S. The HPA - Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain. Front Immunol 2014; 5:136. [PMID: 24744759 PMCID: PMC3978367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to physiological and psychogenic stressors, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis orchestrates the systemic release of glucocorticoids (GCs). By virtue of nearly ubiquitous expression of the GC receptor and the multifaceted metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and immunologic functions of GCs, this system plays an essential role in the response to stress and restoration of an homeostatic state. GCs act on almost all types of immune cells and were long recognized to perform salient immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions through various genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. These renowned effects of the steroid hormone have been exploited in the clinic for the past 70 years and synthetic GC derivatives are commonly used for the therapy of various allergic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders. The role of the HPA axis and GCs in restraining immune responses across the organism is however still debated in light of accumulating evidence suggesting that GCs can also have both permissive and stimulatory effects on the immune system under specific conditions. Such paradoxical actions of GCs are particularly evident in the brain, where substantial data support either a beneficial or detrimental role of the steroid hormone. In this review, we examine the roles of GCs on the innate immune system with a particular focus on the CNS compartment. We also dissect the numerous molecular mechanisms through which GCs exert their effects and discuss the various parameters influencing the paradoxical immunomodulatory functions of GCs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Bellavance
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Québec, QC , Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Québec, QC , Canada
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Gatto M, Iaccarino L, Ghirardello A, Bassi N, Pontisso P, Punzi L, Shoenfeld Y, Doria A. Serpins, immunity and autoimmunity: old molecules, new functions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:267-80. [PMID: 23325331 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are evolutionary old, structurally conserved molecules which encompass nearly all branches of life. More than 1,000 serpins were characterized to date which are subdivided into 16 subgroups (A-P) according to their common ancestry; among them, 37 are found in humans. Serpins were termed after their capability to inhibit serine proteases, but mounting evidence suggests that they may achieve a greater deal of functions, ranging from embryological growth to synaptic plasticity, development of both myeloid and lymphoid immune cells, and modulation of apoptosis. Serpins are mainly extracellular molecules, although some of them (namely, ov-serpins or clade B serpins) mostly act inside the cells, being either ubiquitously or tissue-specifically expressed. Among newly characterized serpin functions, regulation of cellular proliferation through apoptosis modulation and proteasome disturbance seems to play a major role. Accordingly, several serpins were found to be hyperexpressed in tumor cells. Indeed, apoptosis dysregulation is likely to be a cornerstone in both tumorigenesis and autoimmunity, since uncontrolled cellular viability results in tumor proliferation, while inefficient disposal of apoptotic debris may favor the rescue of autoreactive immune cells. Such a process was widely documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interestingly, alterations in the expression of some serpins, e.g., the ov-serpin SERPINB3, are being unraveled in patients affected with SLE and other autoimmune disorders, suggesting that a failure in serpin function might affect immune homeostasis and self-tolerance, thereby contributing to autoimmunity. Here, we provide an overview of serpin origin, function, and dysfunction, focusing on human serpins and ov-serpins, with a hub on SERPINB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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142
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Clinical guidelines and definitions of autoinflammatory diseases: contrasts and comparisons with autoimmunity-a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:227-35. [PMID: 23322404 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by an aberrant chronic activation of the immune system which causes tissue inflammation and damage in genetically predisposed individuals. Pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this damage differ between these two types of diseases; in AIDs, the innate immune system is directly responsible for tissue inflammation, while in ADs it works by activating the adaptive immune system, which becomes the main effector of the inflammatory process. Despite the fact that AIDs have only been recently defined, they are older than ADs. The innate immune system is found in plants and animals, and it developed earlier than the adaptive immune system, which first appeared in jawed vertebrates. According to genetic background and clinical, serological, and radiological findings, AIDs and ADs might be considered as a single spectrum of disorders, with a wide range of manifestations. Indeed, autoinflammatory-like diseases have been reported in simple organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. We analyzed here the main pathogenetic and clinical features of these two groups of diseases mostly dealing with their similarities and differences.
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143
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Chong BF, Tseng LC, Kim A, Miller RT, Yancey KB, Hosler GA. Differential expression of BAFF and its receptors in discoid lupus erythematosus patients. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:216-24. [PMID: 24315762 PMCID: PMC3946198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) promotes the maturation and survival of B cells. Because BAFF levels are elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, BAFF has been the target of emerging therapies for SLE, such as belimumab. Levels of BAFF and its receptors in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) patients are unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare skin and blood mRNA and protein levels of BAFF and its receptors BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA in DLE subjects with (DLE+/SLE+ (N=28)) and without SLE (DLE+/SLE- (N=35)), psoriasis subjects (N=11), and normal subjects (N=42). METHODS We used quantitative real-time PCR to measure blood and skin BAFF, BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA mRNA, sandwich ELISAs to measure sera BAFF, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate BAFF and BAFF-R skin protein expression. RESULTS BAFF mRNA and protein levels were highest in DLE+/SLE+blood, followed by DLE+/SLE-, psoriasis, and normal blood. BAFF protein also correlated with anti-nuclear antibodies, and autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and ribonucleoprotein, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores in DLE patients. While showing no difference between DLE+/SLE+ and DLE+/SLE- skin, BAFF and its receptors mRNA were up-regulated in DLE skin vs. normal and psoriasis skin. DLE skin had higher percentages of BAFF-R⁺ inflammatory cells, likely T cells and macrophages, than psoriasis and normal skin. CONCLUSIONS BAFF may be a serologic marker of systemic disease in DLE patients. BAFF and its receptors are elevated in DLE skin, suggesting that targeted therapies against these proteins could treat refractory DLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Chong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Lin-Chiang Tseng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Kim
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Kim B Yancey
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gregory A Hosler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, TX, USA; ProPath, Dallas, TX, USA
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144
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Gruver-Yates AL, Quinn MA, Cidlowski JA. Analysis of glucocorticoid receptors and their apoptotic response to dexamethasone in male murine B cells during development. Endocrinology 2014; 155:463-74. [PMID: 24196358 PMCID: PMC3891935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have an important role in the resolution of inflammation and clinically they are routinely used to treat allergies, asthma, sepsis, and autoimmune diseases. In addition, glucocorticoids are well recognized to negatively impact the development and function of T cells in the immune system by inducing apoptosis. Less is known however about glucocorticoid function in B lymphocytes. Herein, we demonstrate that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is present in B-cell populations isolated from both the spleen and the bone marrow. B-cell populations were found to express more GR than non-B-cell populations from both the spleen and the bone marrow. GR protein was found in all B-cell (B220+) developmental subsets (Mature IgM+IgD+, Immature IgM+IgD-, and Pro/Pre IgM-IgD-) isolated from spleen. GR staining intensity was varied among the B-cell developmental subsets and was found to be higher in B cells isolated from the spleen (secondary lymphoid organ) versus the bone marrow (primary lymphoid organ). Ex vivo cell culture of murine splenocytes and bone marrow lymphocytes indicated that dexamethasone stimulated apoptosis in all B-cell developmental subsets demonstrating glucocorticoid responsiveness. Furthermore, in vivo administration of dexamethasone to adrenalectomized mice reduced B-cell numbers in both spleen and bone marrow. These data suggest that glucocorticoid signaling has an important understudied role in B-cell life-or-death decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gruver-Yates
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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145
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Craddock TJA, Fritsch P, Rice MA, del Rosario RM, Miller DB, Fletcher MA, Klimas NG, Broderick G. A role for homeostatic drive in the perpetuation of complex chronic illness: Gulf War Illness and chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84839. [PMID: 24416298 PMCID: PMC3885655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key component in the body's stress response, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis orchestrates changes across a broad range of major biological systems. Its dysfunction has been associated with numerous chronic diseases including Gulf War Illness (GWI) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Though tightly coupled with other components of endocrine and immune function, few models of HPA function account for these interactions. Here we extend conventional models of HPA function by including feed-forward and feedback interaction with sex hormone regulation and immune response. We use this multi-axis model to explore the role of homeostatic regulation in perpetuating chronic conditions, specifically GWI and CFS. An important obstacle in building these models across regulatory systems remains the scarcity of detailed human in vivo kinetic data as its collection can present significant health risks to subjects. We circumvented this using a discrete logic representation based solely on literature of physiological and biochemical connectivity to provide a qualitative description of system behavior. This connectivity model linked molecular variables across the HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in men and women, as well as a simple immune network. Inclusion of these interactions produced multiple alternate homeostatic states and sexually dimorphic responses. Experimental data for endocrine-immune markers measured in male GWI subjects showed the greatest alignment with predictions of a naturally occurring alternate steady state presenting with hypercortisolism, low testosterone and a shift towards a Th1 immune response. In female CFS subjects, expression of these markers aligned with an alternate homeostatic state displaying hypocortisolism, high estradiol, and a shift towards an anti-inflammatory Th2 activation. These results support a role for homeostatic drive in perpetuating dysfunctional cortisol levels through persistent interaction with the immune system and HPG axis. Though coarse, these models may nonetheless support the design of robust treatments that might exploit these regulatory regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. A. Craddock
- Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- Graduate School for Computer and Information Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Fritsch
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark A. Rice
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. del Rosario
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Diane B. Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Fletcher
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
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146
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Jiang CL, Liu L, Tasker JG. Why do we need nongenomic glucocorticoid mechanisms? Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:72-5. [PMID: 24103541 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones that have been known to be involved in various physiological processes and to play a pivotal role in preserving basal and stress-related homeostasis. GCs are also widely used clinically as anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-shock drugs. It is believed traditionally that GCs exert most of their effects genomically. In addition to the well-known classical genomic mechanisms, GCs also affect various functions via rapid, nongenomic mechanisms. The therapeutic benefits of nongenomic GC actions have been exploited in clinical medicine, especially with high-dose pulsed glucocorticoid administration. However, it is certainly not the case that the inherent nongenomic glucocorticoid mechanisms evolved only for their clinical utility. Here, we review the recent literature on nongenomic actions of GCs related to stress and the physiological significance of these actions, and we propose reasons why nongenomic mechanisms of GC actions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Neurobiology Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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147
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Impairment of wound healing after operative treatment of mandibular fractures, and the influence of dexamethasone. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51:808-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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148
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Affiliation(s)
- Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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149
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Gaber LW, Knight RJ, Patel SJ. A surgeons' guide to renal transplant immunopathology, immunology, and immunosuppression. Surg Clin North Am 2013; 93:1293-307. [PMID: 24206852 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The response to allografting involves adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. In the adaptive system, activated T cells differentiate to cytotoxic effectors that attack the graft and trigger B cells to differentiation to plasma cells that produce anti-HLA antibodies. The innate immune system recognizes antigens in a non-specific manner and recruits immune cells to the graft through the productions of chemotactic factors, and activation of cytokines and the complement cascade. In the kidney the tubules and the endothelium are the targets of the rejection response. Immune suppression is effective in modulating the adaptive immune system effect on graft histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian W Gaber
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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150
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Weijs TJ, Ruurda JP, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, van Hillegersberg R, Luyer MDP. Strategies to reduce pulmonary complications after esophagectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6509-6514. [PMID: 24151374 PMCID: PMC3801361 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophagectomy, the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus, is a surgical procedure that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary complications are an especially important postoperative problem. Therefore, many perioperative strategies to prevent pulmonary complications after esophagectomy have been investigated and introduced in daily clinical practice. Here, we review these strategies, including improvement of patient performance and technical advances such as minimally invasive surgery that have been implemented in recent years. Furthermore, interventions such as methylprednisolone, neutrophil elastase inhibitor and epidural analgesia, which have been shown to reduce pulmonary complications, are discussed. Benefits of the commonly applied routine nasogastric decompression, delay of oral intake and prophylactic mechanical ventilation are unclear, and many of these strategies are also evaluated here. Finally, we will discuss recent insights and new developments aimed to improve pulmonary outcomes after esophagectomy.
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