101
|
Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Vetoshkina DV, Lubimov VY, Fedorchuk TP, Naydov IA, Kozuleva MA, Rudenko NN, Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Bassi R. Long-term acclimatory response to excess excitation energy: evidence for a role of hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of photosystem II antenna size. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7151-64. [PMID: 26324464 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants possess the ability to trigger a long-term acclimatory response to different environmental light conditions through the regulation of the light-harvesting antenna size of photosystem II. The present study provides an insight into the molecular nature of the signal which initiates the high light-mediated response of a reduction in antenna size. Using barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, it is shown (i) that the light-harvesting antenna size is not reduced in high light with a low hydrogen peroxide content in the leaves; and (ii) that a decrease in the antenna size is observed in low light in the presence of an elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the ability to reduce the antenna size of photosystem II in high light is restricted to photosynthetic apparatus with a reduced level of the plastoquinone pool and with a low hydrogen peroxide content. Conversely, the reduction of antenna size in low light is induced in photosynthetic apparatus possessing elevated hydrogen peroxide even when the reduction level of the plastoquinone pool is low. Hydrogen peroxide affects the relative abundance of the antenna proteins that modulate the antenna size of photosystem II through a down-regulation of the corresponding lhcb mRNA levels. This work shows that hydrogen peroxide contributes to triggering the photosynthetic apparatus response for the reduction of the antenna size of photosystem II by being the molecular signal for the long-term acclimation of plants to high light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valeriy Y Lubimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatyana P Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ilya A Naydov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ivanov AG, Morgan-Kiss RM, Krol M, Allakhverdiev SI, Zanev Y, Sane PV, Huner NPA. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in a pea mutant with altered LHCII organization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 152:335-46. [PMID: 26321219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of leaves of the Costata 2/133 pea mutant with altered pigment composition and decreased level of oligomerization of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes (LHCII) of PSII (Dobrikova et al., 2000; Ivanov et al., 2005) did not differ from that of WT. In contrast, photosystem I (PSI) activity of the Costata 2/133 mutant measured by the far-red (FR) light inducible P700 (P700(+)) signal exhibited 39% lower steady state level of P700(+), a 2.2-fold higher intersystem electron pool size (e(-)/P700) and higher rate of P700(+) re-reduction, which indicate an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer (CET) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than WT. The mutant also exhibited a limited capacity for state transitions. The lower level of oxidizable P700 (P700(+)) is consistent with a lower amount of PSI related chlorophyll protein complexes and lower abundance of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, PsaD and Lhca1 polypeptides in Costata 2/133 mutant. Exposure of WT and the Costata 2/133 mutant to high light stress resulted in a comparable photoinhibition of PSII measured in vivo, although the decrease of Fv/Fm was modestly higher in the mutant plants. However, under the same photoinhibitory conditions PSI photochemistry (P700(+)) measured as ΔA820-860 was inhibited to a greater extent (50%) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than in the WT (22%). This was accompanied by a 50% faster re-reduction rate of P700(+) in the dark indicating a higher capacity for CET around PSI in high light treated mutant leaves. The role of chloroplast thylakoid organization on the stability of the PSI complex and its susceptibility to high light stress is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - R M Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45045, USA
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zanev
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P V Sane
- Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ünlü C, Polukhina I, van Amerongen H. Origin of pronounced differences in 77 K fluorescence of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in state 1 and 2. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 45:209-17. [PMID: 26518693 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to changes in the reduction state of the plastoquinone pool in its thylakoid membrane, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtti is performing state transitions: remodelling of its thylakoid membrane leads to a redistribution of excitations over photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). These transitions are accompanied by marked changes in the 77 K fluorescence spectrum, which form the accepted signature of state transitions. The changes are generally thought to reflect a redistribution of light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) over PSII (fluorescing below 700 nm) and PSI (fluorescing above 700 nm). Here we studied the picosecond fluorescence properties of C. reinhardtti over a broad range of wavelengths with very low excitation intensities (0.2 nJ per laser pulse). Cells were directly used for time-resolved fluorescence measurements at 77 K without further treatment, such as medium exchange with glycerol. It is observed that upon going from state 1 (relatively more fluorescence below 700 nm) to state 2 (relatively more fluorescence above 700 nm), a large part of the fluorescence of LHC/PSII becomes substantially quenched in concurrence with LHC detachment from PSII, whereas the absolute amount of PSI fluorescence hardly changes. These results are in agreement with the recent proposal that the amount of LHC moving from PSII to PSI upon going from state 1 to state 2 is rather limited (Unlu et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111 (9):3460-3465, 2014).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caner Ünlü
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Polukhina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Andreeva TD, Castano S, Krumova S, Lecomte S, Taneva SG. Effect of Protonation on the Secondary Structure and Orientation of Plant Light-Harvesting Complex II Studied by PM-IRRAS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11583-11590. [PMID: 26473578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The major light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, LHCII, has a crucial role in the distribution of the light energy between the two photosystems, the efficient light capturing and protection of the reaction centers and antennae from overexcitation. In this work direct structural information on the effect of LHCII protonation, which mimics the switch from light-harvesting to photoprotective state of the protein, was revealed by polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). PM-IRRAS on LHCII monolayers verified that the native helical structure of the protein is preserved in both partly deprotonated (pH 7.8, LHCII) and protonated (pH 5.2, p-LHCII) states. At low surface pressure, 10 mN/m, the orientation of the α-helices in these two LHCII states is different-tilted (θ ≈ 40°) in LHCII and nearly vertical (θ ≈ 90°) in p-LHCII monolayers; the partly deprotonated complex is more hydrophilic than the protonated one and exhibits stronger intertrimer interactions. At higher surface pressure, 30 mN/m, which is typical for biological membranes, the protonation affects neither the secondary structure nor the orientation of the transmembrane α-helices (tilted ∼45° relative to the membrane surface in both LHCII states) but weakens the intermolecular interactions within and/or between the trimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonya D Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sabine Castano
- CBMN-Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5248 , Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN-Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5248 , Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stefka G Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Le Quiniou C, van Oort B, Drop B, van Stokkum IHM, Croce R. The High Efficiency of Photosystem I in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is Maintained after the Antenna Size Is Substantially Increased by the Association of Light-harvesting Complexes II. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30587-95. [PMID: 26504081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystems (PS) I and II activities depend on their light-harvesting capacity and trapping efficiency, which vary in different environmental conditions. For optimal functioning, these activities need to be balanced. This is achieved by redistribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems via the association and disassociation of light-harvesting complexes (LHC) II, in a process known as state transitions. Here we study the effect of LHCII binding to PSI on its absorption properties and trapping efficiency by comparing time-resolved fluorescence kinetics of PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII complexes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PSI-LHCI-LHCII of C. reinhardtii is the largest PSI supercomplex isolated so far and contains seven Lhcbs, in addition to the PSI core and the nine Lhcas that compose PSI-LHCI, together binding ∼ 320 chlorophylls. The average decay time for PSI-LHCI-LHCII is ∼ 65 ps upon 400 nm excitation (15 ps slower than PSI-LHCI) and ∼ 78 ps upon 475 nm excitation (27 ps slower). The transfer of excitation energy from LHCII to PSI-LHCI occurs in ∼ 60 ps. This relatively slow transfer, as compared with that from LHCI to the PSI core, suggests loose connectivity between LHCII and PSI-LHCI. Despite the relatively slow transfer, the overall decay time of PSI-LHCI-LHCII remains fast enough to assure a 96% trapping efficiency, which is only 1.4% lower than that of PSI-LHCI, concomitant with an increase of the absorption cross section of 47%. This indicates that, at variance with PSII, the design of PSI allows for a large increase of its light-harvesting capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Le Quiniou
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bartlomiej Drop
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Suorsa M, Rantala M, Mamedov F, Lespinasse M, Trotta A, Grieco M, Vuorio E, Tikkanen M, Järvi S, Aro EM. Light acclimation involves dynamic re-organization of the pigment-protein megacomplexes in non-appressed thylakoid domains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:360-73. [PMID: 26332430 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid energy metabolism is crucial for plant growth, development and acclimation. Non-appressed thylakoids harbor several high molecular mass pigment-protein megacomplexes that have flexible compositions depending upon the environmental cues. This composition is important for dynamic energy balancing in photosystems (PS) I and II. We analysed the megacomplexes of Arabidopsis wild type (WT) plants and of several thylakoid regulatory mutants. The stn7 mutant, which is defective in phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) II, possessed a megacomplex composition that was strikingly different from that of the WT. Of the nine megacomplexes in total for the non-appressed thylakoids, the largest megacomplex in particular was less abundant in the stn7 mutant under standard growth conditions. This megacomplex contains both PSI and PSII and was recently shown to allow energy spillover between PSII and PSI (Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 6675). The dynamics of the megacomplex composition was addressed by exposing plants to different light conditions prior to thylakoid isolation. The megacomplex pattern in the WT was highly dynamic. Under darkness or far red light it showed low levels of LHCII phosphorylation and resembled the stn7 pattern; under low light, which triggers LHCII phosphorylation, it resembled that of the tap38/pph1 phosphatase mutant. In contrast, solubilization of the entire thylakoid network with dodecyl maltoside, which efficiently solubilizes pigment-protein complexes from all thylakoid compartments, revealed that the pigment-protein composition remained stable despite the changing light conditions or mutations that affected LHCII (de)phosphorylation. We conclude that the composition of pigment-protein megacomplexes specifically in non-appressed thylakoids undergoes redox-dependent changes, thus facilitating maintenance of the excitation balance between the two photosystems upon changes in light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija Lespinasse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eerika Vuorio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Crepin A, Caffarri S. The specific localizations of phosphorylated Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 isoforms reveal the role of Lhcb2 in the formation of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex in Arabidopsis during state transitions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1539-48. [PMID: 26392145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are an important photosynthetic short-term response that maintains the excitation balance between photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII). In plants, when PSII is preferentially excited, LHCII, the main heterotrimeric light harvesting complex of PSII, is phosphorylated by the STN7 kinase, detaches from PSII and moves to PSI to equilibrate the relative absorption of the two photosystems (State II). When PSI is preferentially excited LHCII is dephosphorylated by the PPH1 (TAP38) phosphatase, and returns to PSII (State I). Phosphorylation of LHCII that remain bound to PSII has also been observed. Although the kinetics of LHCII phosphorylation are well known from a qualitative standpoint, the absolute phosphorylation levels of LHCII (and its isoforms) bound to PSI and PSII have been little studied. In this work we thoroughly investigated the phosphorylation level of the Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 isoforms that compose LHCII in PSI-LHCII and PSII-LHCII supercomplexes purified from WT and state transition mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that, at most, 40% of the monomers that make up PSI-bound LHCII trimers are phosphorylated. Phosphorylation was much lower in PSII-bound LHCII trimers reaching only 15-20%. Dephosphorylation assays using a recombinant PPH1 phosphatase allowed us to investigate the role of the two isoforms during state transitions. Our results strongly suggest that a single phosphorylated Lhcb2 is sufficient for the formation of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex. These results are a step towards a refined model of the state transition phenomenon and a better understanding of the short-term response to changes in light conditions in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Crepin
- Aix Marseille Université - AMU, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, 13009 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université - AMU, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, 13009 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13009 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Cyanobacterial Light-Harvesting Phycobilisomes Uncouple From Photosystem I During Dark-To-Light Transitions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14193. [PMID: 26388233 PMCID: PMC4585685 DOI: 10.1038/srep14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms cope with changes in light quality by balancing the excitation energy flow between photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) through a process called state transitions. Energy redistribution has been suggested to be achieved by movement of the light-harvesting phycobilisome between PSI and PSII, or by nanometre scale rearrangements of the recently discovered PBS-PSII-PSI megacomplexes. The alternative ‘spillover’ model, on the other hand, states that energy redistribution is achieved by mutual association/dissociation of PSI and PSII. State transitions have always been studied by changing the redox state of the electron carriers using electron transfer inhibitors, or by applying illumination conditions with different colours. However, the molecular events during natural dark-to-light transitions in cyanobacteria have largely been overlooked and still remain elusive. Here we investigated changes in excitation energy transfer from phycobilisomes to the photosystems upon dark-light transitions, using picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy. It appears that megacomplexes are not involved in these changes, and neither does spillover play a role. Instead, the phycobilisomes partly energetically uncouple from PSI in the light but hardly couple to PSII.
Collapse
|
109
|
Voitsekhovskaja OV, Tyutereva EV. Chlorophyll b in angiosperms: Functions in photosynthesis, signaling and ontogenetic regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 189:51-64. [PMID: 26513460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll b (Chlb) is an antenna chlorophyll. The binding of Chlb by antenna proteins is crucial for the correct assembly of the antenna complexes in thylakoid membranes. Since the levels of the proteins of major and minor antenna are affected to different extents by Chlb binding, the availability of Chlb influences the composition and the size of antenna complexes which in turn determine the supramolecular organization of the thylakoid membranes in grana. Therefore, Chlb synthesis levels have a major impact on lateral mobility and diffusion of membrane molecules, and thus affect not only light harvesting and thermal energy dissipation processes, but also linear electron transport and repair processes in grana. Furthermore, in angiosperms Chlb synthesis affects plant functions beyond chloroplasts. First, the stability of pigment-protein complexes in the antennae, which depends on Chlb, is an important factor in the regulation of plant ontogenesis, and Chlb levels were recently shown to influence plant ontogenetic signaling. Second, the amounts of minor antenna proteins in chloroplasts, which depend on the availability of Chlb, were recently shown to affect ABA levels and signaling in plants. These mechanisms can be examined in mutants where Chlb synthesis is reduced or abolished. The dramatic effects caused by the lack of Chlb on plant productivity are interpreted in this review in light of the pleiotropic effects on photosynthesis and signaling, and the potential to manipulate Chlb biosynthesis for the improvement of crop production is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Voitsekhovskaja
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Plant Ecological Physiology, ul. Professora Popova, 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E V Tyutereva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Plant Ecological Physiology, ul. Professora Popova, 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Tian L, Dinc E, Croce R. LHCII Populations in Different Quenching States Are Present in the Thylakoid Membranes in a Ratio that Depends on the Light Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2339-44. [PMID: 26266614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
LHCII is the major antenna complex of plants and algae, where it is involved in light harvesting and photoprotection. Its properties have been extensively studied in vitro, after isolation of the pigment-protein complex from the membranes, but are these properties representative for LHCII in the thylakoid membrane? In this work, we have studied LHCII in the cells of the green alga C. reinhardtii acclimated to different light conditions in the absence of the other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. We show that LHCII exists in the membranes in different fluorescence quenching states, all having a shorter excited-state lifetime than isolated LHCII in detergent. The ratio between these populations depends on the light conditions, indicating that the light is able to regulate the properties of the complexes in the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Dinc
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Bell AJ, Frankel LK, Bricker TM. High Yield Non-detergent Isolation of Photosystem I-Light-harvesting Chlorophyll II Membranes from Spinach Thylakoids: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PS I ANTENNAE IN HIGHER PLANTS. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18429-37. [PMID: 26055710 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrene-maleic acid copolymer was used to effect a non-detergent partial solubilization of thylakoids from spinach. A high density membrane fraction, which was not solubilized by the copolymer, was isolated and was highly enriched in the Photosystem (PS) I-light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) II supercomplex and depleted of PS II, the cytochrome b6/f complex, and ATP synthase. The LHC II associated with the supercomplex appeared to be energetically coupled to PS I based on 77 K fluorescence, P700 photooxidation, and PS I electron transport light saturation experiments. The chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio of the PS I-LHC II membranes was 3.2 ± 0.9, indicating that on average, three LHC II trimers may associate with each PS I. The implication of these findings within the context of higher plant PS I antenna organization is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bell
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Laurie K Frankel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Terry M Bricker
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Bassi R. Sharing light between two photosystems: mechanism of state transitions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:71-8. [PMID: 26002067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the thylakoid membrane, the two photosystems act in series to promote linear electron flow, with the concomitant production of ATP and reducing equivalents such as NADPH. Photosystem I, which is preferentially activated in far-red light, also energizes cyclic electron flow which generates only ATP. Thus, changes in light quality and cellular metabolic demand require a rapid regulation of the activity of the two photosystems. At low light intensities, this is mediated by state transitions. They allow the dynamic allocation of light harvesting antennae to the two photosystems, regulated through protein phosphorylation by a kinase and phosphatase pair that respond to the redox state of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of the antennae leads to remodeling of the photosynthetic complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 15, strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Yao Y, You J, Ou Y, Ma J, Wu X, Xu G. Ultraviolet-B protection of ascorbate and tocopherol in plants related with their function on the stability on carotenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 90:23-31. [PMID: 25749732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate and tocopherol are important hydrophilic or lipophilic antioxidants in plants, while their crucial roles in the antioxidant defense system under ultraviolet B radiation were not well understood. The mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in ascorbate (vtc1 and vtc2) or tocopherol (vte1) were used to analyze their physiological, biochemical and metabolic change in responses to Ultraviolet B radiation. Results showed that loss of either ascorbate or tocopherol caused reduction in phenylpropanoid and flavonol glycosides compounds, as well as reduction in superoxide dismutase activity and total cellular antioxidant capacity. This ultimately led to higher oxidative stress as well as lower levels of photosynthetic pigments (carotenoid and chlorophyll) and CO2 assimilation rate in the vtc1, vtc2, and vte1 mutants than the wild type under UV-B radiation, besides unstable early light-induced protein (ELIP1) in those mutants. On the other hand, the loss of tocopherol in vte1 mutants was compensated by the increase of zeaxanthin and anthocyanin contents, which armed vte1 mutants with higher heat dissipation capacity in PS II and higher antioxidative capacity than vtc mutants. Consequently the tolerance to UV-B radiation were much higher in vte1 mutant than in vtc mutants, furthermore, PS II function and light harvesting protein (LHCb1) abundance were reduced only in ascorbate-deficient mutant relative to wild type. Our results suggested that the ascorbate and tocopherol provided not only direct protective function against UV-B radiation but also indirect effects by influencing other protective system, in particular by affecting the stability of various carotenoid and phenylpropanoid compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; China Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jingjing You
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- China Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Holleboom CP, Gacek DA, Liao PN, Negretti M, Croce R, Walla PJ. Carotenoid-chlorophyll coupling and fluorescence quenching in aggregated minor PSII proteins CP24 and CP29. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:171-180. [PMID: 25744389 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is known that aggregation of isolated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in solution results in high fluorescence quenching, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime, and increased electronic coupling of carotenoid (Car) S1 and chlorophyll (Chl) Qy states, as determined by two-photon studies. It has been suggested that this behavior of aggregated LHCII mimics aspects of non-photochemical quenching processes of higher plants and algae. However, several studies proposed that the minor photosystem II proteins CP24 and CP29 also play a significant role in regulation of photosynthesis. Therefore, we use a simple protocol that allows gradual aggregation also of CP24 and CP29. Similarly, as observed for LHCII, aggregation of CP24 and CP29 also leads to increasing fluorescence quenching and increasing electronic Car S1-Chl Qy coupling. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the three proteins revealed a significant higher electronic coupling in the two minor proteins already in the absence of any aggregation. These differences become even more prominent upon aggregation. A red-shift of the Qy absorption band known from LHCII aggregation was also observed for CP29 but not for CP24. We discuss possible implications of these results for the role of CP24 and CP29 as potential valves for excess excitation energy in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Peter Holleboom
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Xu DQ, Chen Y, Chen GY. Light-harvesting regulation from leaf to molecule with the emphasis on rapid changes in antenna size. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:137-158. [PMID: 25773873 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the sunlight-fluctuating environment, plants often encounter both light-deficiency and light-excess cases. Therefore, regulation of light harvesting is absolutely essential for photosynthesis in order to maximize light utilization at low light and avoid photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus at high light. Plants have developed a series of strategies of light-harvesting regulation during evolution. These strategies include rapid responses such as leaf movement and chloroplast movement, state transitions, and reversible dissociation of some light-harvesting complex of the photosystem II (LHCIIs) from PSII core complexes, and slow acclimation strategies such as changes in the protein abundance of light-harvesting antenna and modifications of leaf morphology, structure, and compositions. This review discusses successively these strategies and focuses on the rapid change in antenna size, namely reversible dissociation of some peripheral light-harvesting antennas (LHCIIs) from PSII core complex. It is involved in protective role and species dependence of the dissociation, differences between the dissociation and state transitions, relationship between the dissociation and thylakoid protein phosphorylation, and possible mechanism for thermal dissipation by the dissociated LHCIIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Quan Xu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Erickson E, Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Light stress and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:449-465. [PMID: 25758978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead to photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the efficiency and rate of photosynthesis (photoinhibition). Light stress can adversely affect growth and viability, necessitating that photosynthetic organisms acclimate to different environmental conditions in order to alleviate the detrimental effects of excess light. The model unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, employs diverse strategies of regulation and photoprotection to avoid, minimize, and repair photo-oxidative damage in stressful light conditions, allowing for acclimation to different and changing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Erickson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Setsuko Wakao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Grieco M, Suorsa M, Jajoo A, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Light-harvesting II antenna trimers connect energetically the entire photosynthetic machinery - including both photosystems II and I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:607-19. [PMID: 25843550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In plant chloroplasts, the two photosystems (PSII and PSI) are enriched in different thylakoid domains and, according to the established view, are regarded as energetically segregated from each other. A specific fraction of the light harvesting complex II (LHCII) has been postulated to get phosphorylated by the STN7 kinase and subsequently to migrate from PSII to PSI as part of a process called 'state transition'. Nevertheless, the thylakoid membrane incorporates a large excess of LHCII not present in the isolatable PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII complexes. Moreover, LHCII phosphorylation is not limited to a specific LHCII pool and "state 2" condition, but is found in all thylakoid domains in any constant light condition. Here, using a targeted solubilization of pigment-protein complexes from different thylakoid domains, we demonstrate that even a minor detachment of LHCII leads to markedly increased fluorescence emission from LHCII and PSII both in grana core and non-appressed thylakoid membranes and the effect of the detergent to detach LHCII is enhanced in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation. These findings provide evidence that PSII and PSI are energy traps embedded in the same energetically connected LHCII lake. In the lake, PSI and LHCII are energetically connected even in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation, yet the phosphorylation enhances the interaction required for efficient energy transfer to PSI in the grana margin regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, MP, India
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
119
|
Esteban R, Barrutia O, Artetxe U, Fernández-Marín B, Hernández A, García-Plazaola JI. Internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment composition in plants: a meta-analytical approach. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:268-280. [PMID: 25414007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment composition has been a major study target in plant ecophysiology during the last three decades. Although more than 2000 papers have been published, a comprehensive evaluation of the responses of photosynthetic pigment composition to environmental conditions is not yet available. After an extensive survey, we compiled data from 525 papers including 809 species (subkingdom Viridiplantae) in which pigment composition was described. A meta-analysis was then conducted to assess the ranges of photosynthetic pigment content. Calculated frequency distributions of pigments were compared with those expected from the theoretical pigment composition. Responses to environmental factors were also analysed. The results revealed that lutein and xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) were highly responsive to the environment, emphasizing the high phenotypic plasticity of VAZ, whereas neoxanthin was very stable. The present meta-analysis supports the existence of relatively narrow limits for pigment ratios and also supports the presence of a pool of free 'unbound' VAZ. Results from this study provide highly reliable ranges of photosynthetic pigment contents as a framework for future research on plant pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, IdAB-CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarre, E-31192, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oihana Barrutia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/ Sarriena s/n; apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Natali A, Croce R. Characterization of the major light-harvesting complexes (LHCBM) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119211. [PMID: 25723534 PMCID: PMC4344250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine genes (LHCBM1-9) encode the major light-harvesting system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have shown that those genes are all expressed albeit in different amounts and some of them only in certain conditions. However, little is known about the properties and specific functions of the individual gene products because they have never been isolated. Here we have purified several complexes from native membranes and/or we have reconstituted them in vitro with pigments extracted from C. reinhardtii. It is shown that LHCBM1 and -M2/7 represent more than half of the LHCBM population in the membrane. LHCBM2/7 forms homotrimers while LHCBM1 seems to be present in heterotrimers. Trimers containing only type I LHCBM (M3/4/6/8/9) were also observed. Despite their different roles, all complexes have very similar properties in terms of pigment content, organization, stability, absorption, fluorescence and excited-state lifetimes. Thus the involvement of LHCBM1 in non-photochemical quenching is suggested to be due to specific interactions with other components of the membrane and not to the inherent quenching properties of the complex. Similarly, the overexpression of LHCBM9 during sulfur deprivation can be explained by its low sulfur content as compared with the other LHCBMs. Considering the highly conserved biochemical and spectroscopic properties, the major difference between the complexes may be in their capacity to interact with other components of the thylakoid membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Natali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kim E, Ahn TK, Kumazaki S. Changes in Antenna Sizes of Photosystems during State Transitions in Granal and Stroma-Exposed Thylakoid Membrane of Intact Chloroplasts in Arabidopsis Mesophyll Protoplasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 56:759-68. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
123
|
Iwai M, Yokono M, Kono M, Noguchi K, Akimoto S, Nakano A. Light-harvesting complex Lhcb9 confers a green alga-type photosystem I supercomplex to the moss Physcomitrella patens. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:14008. [PMID: 27246756 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins in chloroplast thylakoid membranes not only transfer absorbed light energy to the two photosystems but also regulate the rate of energy transfer to avoid photodamage. Here we demonstrate that Lhcb9, a recently discovered LHC protein in the moss Physcomitrella patens, functions to connect LHC proteins with photosystem I (PSI), resulting in the formation of two different types of PSI supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes. We observed that the Lhcb9-containing PSI supercomplex is disassembled in response to excess light conditions. On the basis of our phylogenetic analysis, it appears that P. patens acquired Lhcb9 by horizontal gene transfer from the earlier green algal lineage, leading to the presence of both green alga-type and vascular plant-type PSI supercomplexes, which would have been crucial for conquering the dynamic environmental interface between aquatic and terrestrial conditions it faced during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819 Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Tikkanen M, Rantala S, Aro EM. Electron flow from PSII to PSI under high light is controlled by PGR5 but not by PSBS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:521. [PMID: 26217370 PMCID: PMC4495676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Absence of the Proton Gradient Regulation 5 (PGR5) protein from plant chloroplasts prevents the induction of strong trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) and consequently also the thermal dissipation of excess energy (NPQ). The absence of the PSBS protein likewise prevents the formation of ΔpH-dependent NPQ. This component of NPQ is called qE, which is nearly exclusively responsible for induction of NPQ upon increase in light intensity. On the other hand, the pgr5 mutant is not only deficient in induction of strong NPQ but it also lacks the capability to oxidize P700 upon increase in light intensity. This, in turn, results from uncontrolled electron flow toward photosystem I (PSI), which has been proposed to be caused by the lack of PSII down-regulation by NPQ and by a poor control of electron flow via the Cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f) complex. Here we asked whether NPQ really is a component of such regulation of electron flow from PSII to PSI at high light. To this end, the two NPQ mutants pgr5 and npq4, the latter lacking the PSBS protein, were characterized. It is shown that the npq4 mutant, despite its highly reduced Plastoquinone pool, does not inhibit but rather enhances the oxidation of P700 in high light as compared to wild type. This clearly demonstrates that the control of electron flow from PSII to PSI cannot be assigned, even partially, to the down-regulation of PSII by NPQ but apparently takes place solely in Cyt b6f. Moreover, it is shown that the pgr5 mutant can induce NPQ in very high light, but still remains deficient in P700 oxidation. These results challenge the suggestion that NPQ, induced by PGR5-dependent cyclic electron transfer, would have a key role in regulation of electron transfer from PSII to PSI. Instead, the results presented here are in line with our recent suggestion that both PSII and PSI function under the same light harvesting machinery regulated by ΔpH and the PSBS protein (Tikkanen and Aro, 2014; Grieco et al., 2015).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tikkanen
- *Correspondence: Eva-Mari Aro and Mikko Tikkanen, Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland, ;
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- *Correspondence: Eva-Mari Aro and Mikko Tikkanen, Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland, ;
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Chmeliov J, Bricker WP, Lo C, Jouin E, Valkunas L, Ruban AV, Duffy CDP. An ‘all pigment’ model of excitation quenching in LHCII. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15857-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01905b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first all-pigment microscopic model of a major light-harvesting complex of plants and the first attempt to capture the dissipative character of the known structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Theoretical Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- Vilnius University
- LT-10222 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - William P. Bricker
- Department of Energy
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Washington University in St. Louis
- Saint Louis
- USA
| | - Cynthia Lo
- Department of Energy
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Washington University in St. Louis
- Saint Louis
- USA
| | - Elodie Jouin
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary
- University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Theoretical Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- Vilnius University
- LT-10222 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary
- University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Marutani Y, Yamauchi Y, Miyoshi A, Inoue K, Ikeda KI, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Regulation of photochemical energy transfer accompanied by structural changes in thylakoid membranes of heat-stressed wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23042-58. [PMID: 25514410 PMCID: PMC4284753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystems of higher plants alleviate heat-induced damage in the presence of light under moderate stressed conditions; however, in the absence of light (i.e., in the dark), the same plants are damaged more easily. (Yamauchi and Kimura, 2011) We demonstrate that regulating photochemical energy transfer in heat-treated wheat at 40 °C with light contributed to heat tolerance of the photosystem. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using heat-stressed wheat seedlings in light showed increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was due to thermal dissipation that was increased by state 1 to state 2 transition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed structural changes in thylakoid membranes, including unstacking of grana regions under heat stress in light. It was accompanied by the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins such as D1 and D2 proteins and the light harvesting complex II proteins Lhcb1 and Lhcb2. These results suggest that heat stress at 40 °C in light induces state 1 to state 2 transition for the preferential excitation of photosystem I (PSI) by phosphorylating thylakoid proteins more strongly. Structural changes of thylakoid membrane also assist the remodeling of photosystems and regulation of energy distribution by transition toward state 2 probably contributes to plastoquione oxidation; thus, light-driven electrons flowing through PSI play a protective role against PSII damage under heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Marutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ken-ichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Dall'Osto L, Ünlü C, Cazzaniga S, van Amerongen H. Disturbed excitation energy transfer in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking minor antenna complexes of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1981-1988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
128
|
Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Ladle RJ, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Dąbrowski P, Elsheery NI, Ferroni L, Guidi L, Hogewoning SW, Jajoo A, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Poli D, Pollastrini M, Romanowska-Duda ZB, Rutkowska B, Serôdio J, Suresh K, Szulc W, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M. Frequently asked questions about in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence: practical issues. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:121-58. [PMID: 25119687 PMCID: PMC4210649 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology. We present the paper in a question and answer format like frequently asked questions. Although nearly all information on the application of Chl a fluorescence can be found in the literature, it is not always easily accessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists who have some experience with the application of Chl a fluorescence but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are (among other things) the kind of information that can be obtained using different fluorescence techniques, the interpretation of Chl a fluorescence signals, specific applications of these techniques, and practical advice on different subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptation before measurement of the Chl a fluorescence transient. The paper also provides the physiological background for some of the applied procedures. It also serves as a source of reference for experienced scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Schansker
- Avenue des Amazones 2, 1226 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
| | - Richard J. Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Praça Afrânio Jorge, s/n, Prado, Maceió, AL Brazil
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr. Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karolina Bosa
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276 Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452 001 M.P India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, C de Vera sn, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - DorothyBelle Poli
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153 USA
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Beata Rutkowska
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- Directorate of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari Dt., Pedavegi, 534 450 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Sárvári E, Mihailova G, Solti A, Keresztes A, Velitchkova M, Georgieva K. Comparison of thylakoid structure and organization in sun and shade Haberlea rhodopensis populations under desiccation and rehydration. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1591-600. [PMID: 25151128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The resurrection plant, Haberlea rhodopensis can survive nearly total desiccation only in its usual low irradiation environment. However, populations with similar capacity to recover were discovered recently in several sunny habitats. To reveal what kind of morphological, structural and thylakoid-level alterations play a role in the acclimation of this low-light adapted species to high-light environment and how do they contribute to the desiccation tolerance mechanisms, the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, the most sensitive component of the chlorophyll-retaining resurrection plants, was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, steady state low-temperature fluorescence and two-dimensional Blue-Native/SDS PAGE under desiccation and rehydration. In contrast to the great differences in the morphology of plants, the ultrastructure and the organization of thylakoids were surprisingly similar in well-hydrated shade and sun populations. A high ratio of photosystem (PS)I binding light harvesting complex (LHC)II, important in low- and fluctuating light environment, was characteristic to both shade and sun plant, and the ratios of the main chlorophyll-protein complexes were also similar. The intensive protective mechanisms, such as shading by steep leaf angle and accumulation of protective substances, probably reduced the light intensity at the chloroplast level. The significantly increased ratio of monomer to oligomer antennae in well-hydrated sun plants may be connected with the temporary high light exposure of chloroplasts. During desiccation, LHCII was removed from PSI and part of PSII supercomplexes disassembled with some loss of PSII core and LHCII. The different reorganization of antennae, possibly connected with different quenching mechanisms, involved an increased amount of monomers in shade plants but unchanged proportion of oligomers in sun plants. Desiccation-induced responses were more pronounced in sun plants which also had a greater capacity to recover due to their stress-acclimated attitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergana Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Adám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Aron Keresztes
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Maya Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Katya Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Amphipols and Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Pigment-Protein Complexes. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:1031-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
131
|
Natural strategies for photosynthetic light harvesting. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:492-501. [PMID: 24937067 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are crucial for life on Earth as they provide food and oxygen and are at the basis of most energy resources. They have a large variety of light-harvesting strategies that allow them to live nearly everywhere where sunlight can penetrate. They have adapted their pigmentation to the spectral composition of light in their habitat, they acclimate to slowly varying light intensities and they rapidly respond to fast changes in light quality and quantity. This is particularly important for oxygen-producing organisms because an overdose of light in combination with oxygen can be lethal. Rapid progress is being made in understanding how different organisms maximize light harvesting and minimize deleterious effects. Here we summarize the latest findings and explain the main design principles used in nature. The available knowledge can be used for optimizing light harvesting in both natural and artificial photosynthesis to improve light-driven production processes.
Collapse
|
132
|
Velez-Ramirez AI, van Ieperen W, Vreugdenhil D, van Poppel PMJA, Heuvelink E, Millenaar FF. A single locus confers tolerance to continuous light and allows substantial yield increase in tomato. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4549. [PMID: 25093373 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An important constraint for plant biomass production is the natural day length. Artificial light allows for longer photoperiods, but tomato plants develop a detrimental leaf injury when grown under continuous light--a still poorly understood phenomenon discovered in the 1920s. Here, we report a dominant locus on chromosome 7 of wild tomato species that confers continuous light tolerance. Genetic evidence, RNAseq data, silencing experiments and sequence analysis all point to the type III light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein 13 (CAB-13) gene as a major factor responsible for the tolerance. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this protein is thought to have a regulatory role balancing light harvesting by photosystems I and II. Introgressing the tolerance into modern tomato hybrid lines, results in up to 20% yield increase, showing that limitations for crop productivity, caused by the adaptation of plants to the terrestrial 24-h day/night cycle, can be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron I Velez-Ramirez
- 1] Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- 1] Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Centre for BioSystems Genomics, PO Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F Millenaar
- 1] Monsanto Holland B.V., PO Box 1050, 2660 BB Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands [2]
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Chmeliov J, Trinkunas G, van Amerongen H, Valkunas L. Light harvesting in a fluctuating antenna. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8963-72. [PMID: 24870124 DOI: 10.1021/ja5027858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the major players in oxygenic photosynthesis, photosystem II (PSII), exhibits complex multiexponential fluorescence decay kinetics that for decades has been ascribed to reversible charge separation taking place in the reaction center (RC). However, in this description the protein dynamics is not taken into consideration. The intrinsic dynamic disorder of the light-harvesting proteins along with their fluctuating dislocations within the antenna inevitably result in varying connectivity between pigment-protein complexes and therefore can also lead to nonexponential excitation decay kinetics. On the basis of this presumption, we propose a simple conceptual model describing excitation diffusion in a continuous medium and accounting for possible variations of the excitation transfer rates. Recently observed fluorescence kinetics of PSII of different sizes are perfectly reproduced with only two adjustable parameters instead of the many decay times and amplitudes required in standard analysis procedures; no charge recombination in the RC is required. The model is also able to provide valuable information about the structural and functional organization of the photosynthetic antenna and in a straightforward way solves various contradictions currently existing in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Avenue 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Drop B, Yadav K N S, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Consequences of state transitions on the structural and functional organization of photosystem I in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:181-91. [PMID: 24506306 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
State transitions represent a photoacclimation process that regulates the light-driven photosynthetic reactions in response to changes in light quality/quantity. It balances the excitation between photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) by shuttling LHCII, the main light-harvesting complex of green algae and plants, between them. This process is particularly important in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which it is suggested to induce a large reorganization in the thylakoid membrane. Phosphorylation has been shown to be necessary for state transitions and the LHCII kinase has been identified. However, the consequences of state transitions on the structural organization and the functionality of the photosystems have not yet been elucidated. This situation is mainly because the purification of the supercomplexes has proved to be particularly difficult, thus preventing structural and functional studies. Here, we have purified and analysed PSI and PSII supercomplexes of C. reinhardtii in states 1 and 2, and have studied them using biochemical, spectroscopic and structural methods. It is shown that PSI in state 2 is able to bind two LHCII trimers that contain all four LHCII types, and one monomer, most likely CP29, in addition to its nine Lhcas. This structure is the largest PSI complex ever observed, having an antenna size of 340 Chls/P700. Moreover, all PSI-bound Lhcs are efficient in transferring energy to PSI. A projection map at 20 Å resolution reveals the structural organization of the complex. Surprisingly, only LHCII type I, II and IV are phosphorylated when associated with PSI, while LHCII type III and CP29 are not, but CP29 is phosphorylated when associated with PSII in state2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Drop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Ferroni L, Angeleri M, Pantaleoni L, Pagliano C, Longoni P, Marsano F, Aro EM, Suorsa M, Baldisserotto C, Giovanardi M, Cella R, Pancaldi S. Light-dependent reversible phosphorylation of the minor photosystem II antenna Lhcb6 (CP24) occurs in lycophytes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:893-905. [PMID: 24450769 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of vascular plants required compromise between photosynthesis and photodamage. We analyzed representative species from two divergent lineages of vascular plants, lycophytes and euphyllophytes, with respect to the response of their photosynthesis and light-harvesting properties to increasing light intensity. In the two analyzed lycophytes, Selaginella martensii and Lycopodium squarrosum, the medium phase of non-photochemical quenching relaxation increased under high light compared to euphyllophytes. This was thought to be associated with the occurrence of a further thylakoid phosphoprotein in both lycophytes, in addition to D2, CP43 and Lhcb1-2. This protein, which showed light intensity-dependent reversible phosphorylation, was identified in S. martensii as Lhcb6, a minor LHCII antenna subunit of PSII. Lhcb6 is known to have evolved in the context of land colonization. In S. martensii, Lhcb6 was detected as a component of the free LHCII assemblies, but also associated with PSI. Most of the light-induced changes affected the amount and phosphorylation of the LHCII assemblies, which possibly mediate PSI-PSII connectivity. We propose that Lhcb6 is involved in light energy management in lycophytes, participating in energy balance between PSI and PSII through a unique reversible phosphorylation, not yet observed in other land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Rizzo F, Zucchelli G, Jennings R, Santabarbara S. Wavelength dependence of the fluorescence emission under conditions of open and closed Photosystem II reaction centres in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:726-33. [PMID: 24561096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence emission characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of open (F0) and closed (FM) Photosystem II reaction centres have been investigated under steady state conditions and by monitoring the decay lifetimes of the excited state, in vivo, in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. The results indicate a marked wavelength dependence of the ratio of the variable fluorescence, FV=FM-F0, over FM, a parameter that is often employed to estimate the maximal quantum efficiency of Photosystem II. The maximal value of the FV/FM ratio is observed between 660 and 680nm and the minimal in the 690-730nm region. It is possible to attribute the spectral variation of FV/FM principally to the contribution of Photosystem I fluorescence emission at room temperature. Moreover, the analysis of the excited state lifetime at F0 and FM indicates only a small wavelength dependence of Photosystem II trapping efficiency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rizzo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zucchelli
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Robert Jennings
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
State transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strongly modulate the functional size of photosystem II but not of photosystem I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3460-5. [PMID: 24550508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and green algae optimize photosynthesis in changing light conditions by balancing the amount of light absorbed by photosystems I and II. These photosystems work in series to extract electrons from water and reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are held responsible for maintaining the balance by moving from one photosystem to the other in a process called state transitions. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a photosynthetic model organism, state transitions are thought to involve 80% of the LHCs. Here, we demonstrate with picosecond-fluorescence spectroscopy on C. reinhardtii cells that, although LHCs indeed detach from photosystem II in state 2 conditions, only a fraction attaches to photosystem I. The detached antenna complexes become protected against photodamage via shortening of the excited-state lifetime. It is discussed how the transition from state 1 to state 2 can protect C. reinhardtii in high-light conditions and how this differs from the situation in plants.
Collapse
|
138
|
Drop B, Webber-Birungi M, Yadav SK, Filipowicz-Szymanska A, Fusetti F, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and its supramolecular organization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
139
|
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are continuously subjected to changes in light quantity and quality, and must adjust their photosynthetic machinery so that it maintains optimal performance under limiting light and minimizes photodamage under excess light. To achieve this goal, these organisms use two main strategies in which light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the light-harvesting system of photosystem II (PSII), plays a key role both for the collection of light energy and for photoprotection. The first is energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching, whereby the high-light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane triggers a process in which excess excitation energy is harmlessly dissipated as heat. The second involves a redistribution of the mobile LHCII between the two photosystems in response to changes in the redox poise of the electron transport chain sensed through a signaling chain. These two processes strongly diminish the production of damaging reactive oxygen species, but photodamage of PSII is unavoidable, and it is repaired efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Wientjes E, Drop B, Kouřil R, Boekema EJ, Croce R. During state 1 to state 2 transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, the photosystem II supercomplex gets phosphorylated but does not disassemble. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32821-6. [PMID: 24097972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to continuous changes in light quality and quantity that challenge the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and have evolved a series of mechanisms to face this challenge. In this work, we have studied state transitions, the process that redistributes the excitation pressure between photosystems I and II (PSI/PSII) by the reversible association of LHCII, the major antenna complex of higher plants, with either one of them upon phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. By combining biochemical analysis and electron microscopy, we have studied the effect of state transitions on the composition and organization of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two LHCII trimers (called trimers M and S) are part of the PSII supercomplex, whereas up to two more are loosely associated with PSII in state 1 in higher plants (called "extra" trimers). Here, we show that the LHCII from the extra pool migrates to PSI in state 2, thus leaving the PSII supercomplex and the semicrystalline PSII arrays intact. In state 2, not only is the mobile LHCII phosphorylated, but also the LHCII in the PSII supercomplexes. This demonstrates that PSII phosphorylation is not sufficient for disconnecting LHCII trimers S and M from PSII and for their migration to PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
van Amerongen H, Croce R. Light harvesting in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:251-63. [PMID: 23595278 PMCID: PMC3824292 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation in photosynthesis takes place in photosystem II (PSII). This photosystem is built around a reaction center (RC) where sunlight-induced charge separation occurs. This RC consists of various polypeptides that bind only a few chromophores or pigments, next to several other cofactors. It can handle far more photons than the ones absorbed by its own pigments and therefore, additional excitations are provided by the surrounding light-harvesting complexes or antennae. The RC is located in the PSII core that also contains the inner light-harvesting complexes CP43 and CP47, harboring 13 and 16 chlorophyll pigments, respectively. The core is surrounded by outer light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), together forming the so-called supercomplexes, at least in plants. These PSII supercomplexes are complemented by some "extra" Lhcs, but their exact location in the thylakoid membrane is unknown. The whole system consists of many subunits and appears to be modular, i.e., both its composition and organization depend on environmental conditions, especially on the quality and intensity of the light. In this review, we will provide a short overview of the relation between the structure and organization of pigment-protein complexes in PSII, ranging from individual complexes to entire membranes and experimental and theoretical results on excitation energy transfer and charge separation. It will become clear that time-resolved fluorescence data can provide invaluable information about the organization and functioning of thylakoid membranes. At the end, an overview will be given of unanswered questions that should be addressed in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
| | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light-harvesting in photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:153-66. [PMID: 23645376 PMCID: PMC3825136 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the light-harvesting properties of photosystem I (PSI) and its LHCI outer antenna. LHCI consists of different chlorophyll a/b binding proteins called Lhca's, surrounding the core of PSI. In total, the PSI-LHCI complex of higher plants contains 173 chlorophyll molecules, most of which are there to harvest sunlight energy and to transfer the created excitation energy to the reaction center (RC) where it is used for charge separation. The efficiency of the complex is based on the capacity to deliver this energy to the RC as fast as possible, to minimize energy losses. The performance of PSI in this respect is remarkable: on average it takes around 50 ps for the excitation to reach the RC in plants, without being quenched in the meantime. This means that the internal quantum efficiency is close to 100% which makes PSI the most efficient energy converter in nature. In this review, we describe the light-harvesting properties of the complex in relation to protein and pigment organization/composition, and we discuss the important parameters that assure its very high quantum efficiency. Excitation energy transfer and trapping in the core and/or Lhcas, as well as in the supercomplexes PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII are described in detail with the aim of giving an overview of the functional behavior of these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Wientjes E, van Amerongen H, Croce R. Quantum yield of charge separation in photosystem II: functional effect of changes in the antenna size upon light acclimation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11200-8. [PMID: 23534376 DOI: 10.1021/jp401663w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to different light conditions and have related protein composition to excitation energy transfer and trapping kinetics in Photosystem II (PSII). In high light: the plants have reduced amounts of the antenna complexes LHCII and CP24, the overall trapping time of PSII is only ∼180 ps, and the quantum efficiency reaches a value of 91%. In low light: LHCII is upregulated, the PSII lifetime becomes ∼310 ps, and the efficiency decreases to 84%. This difference is largely caused by slower excitation energy migration to the reaction centers in low-light plants due to the LHCII trimers that are not part of the C2S2M2 supercomplex. This pool of "extra" LHCII normally transfers energy to both photosystems, whereas it transfers only to PSII upon far-red light treatment (state 1). It is shown that in high light the reduction of LHCII mainly concerns the LHCII-M trimers, while the pool of "extra" LHCII remains intact and state transitions continue to occur. The obtained values for the efficiency of PSII are compared with the values of Fv/Fm, a parameter that is widely used to indicate the PSII quantum efficiency, and the observed differences are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Nath K, Elizabeth J, Poudyal RS, Ko SY, Lim WK, Lee CH. Mobilization of Photosystem II-Light Harvesting Complex II Supercomplexes during High Light Illumination and State Transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5857/rcp.2013.2.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|