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Milanesi E, Maj C, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Maffioletti E. Nanomedicine in Psychiatry: New Therapeutic Opportunities from Research on Small RNAs. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:453-457. [PMID: 27633768 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Alterations in small non-coding RNAs have been observed in many human disease states including cancer, cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. These molecules have recently raised the interest of the scientific community for novel therapeutic approaches. Nanotechnologies, including the development of sophisticated nanoparticles, offer new ways for the delivery of small RNA-based therapies. The nanoparticle delivery method appears attractive, but so far most of the work in this area has been conducted in the context of cancer. New therapeutic strategies are needed for psychiatric disorders, where treatment is often ineffective, leading to frequent patient hospitalizations and a growing economic burden. In this article, we discuss the role of small RNAs in psychiatric diseases and how this new knowledge, combined with innovations in nanotechnologies, could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Drug Dev Res 77 : 453-457, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maj
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
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102
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Qian TM, Zhao LL, Wang J, Li P, Qin J, Liu YS, Yu B, Ding F, Gu XS, Zhou SL. miR-148b-3p promotes migration of Schwann cells by targeting cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1001-5. [PMID: 27482232 PMCID: PMC4962562 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively adjust gene expression in multifarious biological processes. However, the regulatory effects of miRNAs on Schwann cells remain poorly understood. Previous microarray analysis results have shown that miRNA expression is altered following sciatic nerve transaction, thereby affecting proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. This study investigated whether miR-148b-3p could regulate migration of Schwann cells by directly targeting cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (Cand1). Up-regulated expression of miR-148b-3p promoted Schwann cell migration, whereas silencing of miR-148b-3p inhibited Schwann cell migration in vitro. Further experiments confirmed that Cand1 was a direct target of miR-148b-3p, and Cand1 knockdown reversed suppression of the miR-148b-3p inhibitor on Schwann cell migration. These results suggested that miR-148b-3p promoted migration of Schwann cells by directly targeting Cand1 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Mei Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Song Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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103
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Hollins SL, Zavitsanou K, Walker FR, Cairns MJ. Alteration of transcriptional networks in the entorhinal cortex after maternal immune activation and adolescent cannabinoid exposure. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:187-96. [PMID: 26923065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) and adolescent cannabinoid exposure (ACE) have both been identified as major environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. We examined the effects of these two risk factors alone, and in combination, on gene expression during late adolescence. Pregnant rats were exposed to the viral infection mimic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) on gestational day (GD) 15. Adolescent offspring received daily injections of the cannabinoid HU210 for 14days starting on postnatal day (PND) 35. Gene expression was examined in the left entorhinal cortex (EC) using mRNA microarrays. We found prenatal treatment with poly I:C alone, or HU210 alone, produced relatively minor changes in gene expression. However, following combined treatments, offspring displayed significant changes in transcription. This dramatic and persistent alteration of transcriptional networks enriched with genes involved in neurotransmission, cellular signalling and schizophrenia, was associated with a corresponding perturbation in the expression of small non-coding microRNA (miRNA). These results suggest that a combination of environmental exposures during development leads to significant genomic remodeling that disrupts maturation of the EC and its associated circuitry with important implications as the potential antecedents of memory and learning deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hollins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Katerina Zavitsanou
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Frederick Rohan Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
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104
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Hollins SL, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA: Small RNA mediators of the brains genomic response to environmental stress. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:61-81. [PMID: 27317386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The developmental processes that establish the synaptic architecture of the brain while retaining capacity for activity-dependent remodeling, are complex and involve a combination of genetic and epigenetic influences. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to problems with neural circuitry which manifest in humans as a range of neurodevelopmental syndromes, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and fragile X mental retardation. Recent studies suggest that prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology of stress-related psychopathology. A number of these disorders have been shown to display epigenetic changes in the postmortem brain that reflect early life experience. These changes affect the regulation of gene expression though chromatin remodeling (transcriptional) and post-transcriptional influences, especially small noncoding microRNA (miRNA). These dynamic and influential molecules appear to play an important function in both brain development and its adaption to stress. In this review, we examine the role of miRNA in mediating the brain's response to both prenatal and postnatal environmental perturbations and explore how stress- induced alterations in miRNA expression can regulate the stress response via modulation of the immune system. Given the close relationship between environmental stress, miRNA, and brain development/function, we assert that miRNA hold a significant position at the molecular crossroads between neural development and adaptations to environmental stress. A greater understanding of the dynamics that mediate an individual's predisposition to stress-induced neuropathology has major human health benefits and is an important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hollins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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105
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Ye J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chen C, Xu X, Yu H, Peng M. Altered hippocampal microRNA expression profiles in neonatal rats caused by sevoflurane anesthesia: MicroRNA profiling and bioinformatics target analysis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1299-1310. [PMID: 27588052 PMCID: PMC4998092 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a serious impact on cognitive function and are associated with the etiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, their expression in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain has not been characterized. In the present study, the miRNAs expression pattern in neonatal hippocampus samples (24 h after sevoflurane exposure) was investigated and 9 miRNAs were selected, which were associated with brain development and cognition in order to perform a bioinformatic analysis. Previous microfluidic chip assay had detected 29 upregulated and 24 downregulated miRNAs in the neonatal rat hippocampus, of which 7 selected deregulated miRNAs were identified by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A total of 85 targets of selected deregulated miRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics and the main enriched metabolic pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase and Wnt pathways may have been involved in molecular mechanisms with regard to neuronal cell body, dendrite and synapse. The observations of the present study provided a novel understanding regarding the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs underlying sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, therefore benefitting the improvement of the prevention and treatment strategies of volatile anesthetics related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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106
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Cao DD, Li L, Chan WY. MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in the Central Nervous System and Their Implication in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E842. [PMID: 27240359 PMCID: PMC4926376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have been demonstrated to regulate a lot of biological pathways and cellular functions. Many miRNAs are dynamically regulated during central nervous system (CNS) development and are spatially expressed in adult brain indicating their essential roles in neural development and function. In addition, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that dysfunction of miRNAs contributes to neurological diseases. These observations, together with their gene regulation property, implicated miRNAs to be the key regulators in the complex genetic network of the CNS. In this review, we first focus on the ways through which miRNAs exert the regulatory function and how miRNAs are regulated in the CNS. We then summarize recent findings that highlight the versatile roles of miRNAs in normal CNS physiology and their association with several types of neurological diseases. Subsequently we discuss the limitations of miRNAs research based on current studies as well as the potential therapeutic applications and challenges of miRNAs in neurological disorders. We endeavor to provide an updated description of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in normal CNS functions and pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
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107
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Zhang P, Bian Y, Liu N, Tang Y, Pan C, Hu Y, Tang Z. The SNP rs1625579 in miR-137 gene and risk of schizophrenia in Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 67:26-32. [PMID: 27095331 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a high heritability. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1625579 (G/T; T is the common and presumed risk allele) within an intron of miR-137 gene has been recently suggested to contribute to the susceptibility to schizophrenia by a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of predominantly European ancestry. However, subsequent genetic association studies in Chinese population yielded inconsistent results. METHODS A meta-analysis reporting the association between rs1625579 and schizophrenia in Chinese population was carried out, pooling 4 eligible case-control studies involving 2847 patients and 3018 controls. RESULTS This meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between rs1625579 and schizophrenia under the allele model [T versus G, odds ratio (OR):1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.36] and the recessive model (TT versus GT+GG; OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04-1.37). Additionally, a marginal significant association under the additive model (TT versus GG; OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.69) was observed. However, no significant association was observed under the dominant model (TT+GT versus GG; OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 0.97-2.59). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the SNP rs1625579 in miR-137 gene might be involved in schizophrenia susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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108
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The TLX-miR-219 cascade regulates neural stem cell proliferation in neurodevelopment and schizophrenia iPSC model. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10965. [PMID: 26965827 PMCID: PMC4793043 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of miR-219, a brain-specific microRNA, has been observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). However, its role in normal mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) and in SCZ pathogenesis remains unknown. We show here that the nuclear receptor TLX, an essential regulator of NSC proliferation and self-renewal, inhibits miR-219 processing. miR-219 suppresses mouse NSC proliferation downstream of TLX. Moreover, we demonstrate upregulation of miR-219 and downregulation of TLX expression in NSCs derived from SCZ patient iPSCs and DISC1-mutant isogenic iPSCs. SCZ NSCs exhibit reduced cell proliferation. Overexpression of TLX or inhibition of miR-219 action rescues the proliferative defect in SCZ NSCs. Therefore, this study uncovers an important role for TLX and miR-219 in both normal neurodevelopment and in SCZ patient iPSC-derived NSCs. Moreover, this study reveals an unexpected role for TLX in regulating microRNA processing, independent of its well-characterized role in transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. Here the authors show that the TLX-miR-219 cascade regulates the proliferation of neural stem cells during normal development, and this pathway is dysregulated in a schizophrenia iPSC model.
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109
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Kimoto S, Glausier JR, Fish KN, Volk DW, Bazmi HH, Arion D, Datta D, Lewis DA. Reciprocal Alterations in Regulator of G Protein Signaling 4 and microRNA16 in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:396-405. [PMID: 26424323 PMCID: PMC4753606 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia. NMDAR activity is negatively regulated by some G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling through these GPCRs is reduced by Regulator of G protein Signaling 4 (RGS4). Thus, lower levels of RGS4 would enhance GPCR-mediated reductions in NMDAR activity and could contribute to NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we quantified RGS4 mRNA and protein levels at several levels of resolution in the DLPFC from subjects with schizophrenia and matched healthy comparison subjects. To investigate molecular mechanisms that could contribute to altered RGS4 levels, we quantified levels of small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRs), which regulate RGS4 mRNA integrity after transcription. RGS4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in schizophrenia subjects and were positively correlated across all subjects. The RGS4 mRNA deficit was present in pyramidal neurons of DLPFC layers 3 and 5 of the schizophrenia subjects. In contrast, levels of miR16 were significantly higher in the DLPFC of schizophrenia subjects, and higher miR16 levels predicted lower RGS4 mRNA levels. These findings provide convergent evidence of lower RGS4 mRNA and protein levels in schizophrenia that may result from increased expression of miR16. Given the role of RGS4 in regulating GPCRs, and consequently the strength of NMDAR signaling, these findings could contribute to the molecular substrate for NMDAR hypofunction in DLPFC pyramidal cells in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David W Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H Holly Bazmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dominique Arion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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110
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Wu JQ, Green MJ, Gardiner EJ, Tooney PA, Scott RJ, Carr VJ, Cairns MJ. Altered neural signaling and immune pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of schizophrenia patients with cognitive impairment: A transcriptome analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:194-206. [PMID: 26697997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and contribute significantly to functional disability. We investigated the molecular pathways associated with schizophrenia (SZ; n=47) cases representing both 'cognitive deficit' (CD; n=22) and 'cognitively spared' (CS; n=25) subtypes of schizophrenia (based on latent class analysis of 9 cognitive performance indicators), compared with 49 healthy controls displaying 'normal' cognition. This was accomplished using gene-set analysis of transcriptome data derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We detected 27 significantly altered pathways (19 pathways up-regulated and 8 down-regulated) in the combined SZ group and a further 6 pathways up-regulated in the CS group and 5 altered pathways (4 down-regulated and 1 up-regulated) in the CD group. The transcriptome profiling in SZ and cognitive subtypes were characterized by the up-regulated pathways involved in immune dysfunction (e.g., antigen presentation in SZ), energy metabolism (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation), and down-regulation of the pathways involved in neuronal signaling (e.g., WNT in SZ/CD and ERBB in SZ). When we looked for pathways that differentiated the two cognitive subtypes we found that the WNT signaling was significantly down-regulated (FDR<0.05) in the CD group in accordance with the combined SZ cohort, whereas it was unaffected in the CS group. This suggested suppression of WNT signaling was a defining feature of cognitive decline in schizophrenia. The WNT pathway plays a role in both the development/function of the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, therefore its alteration in PBMCs may be indicative of an important genomic axis relevant to cognition in the neuropathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin J Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
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111
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Modai S, Shomron N. Molecular Risk Factors for Schizophrenia. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:242-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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112
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Wang X, Gardiner EJ, Cairns MJ. Optimal consistency in microRNA expression analysis using reference-gene-based normalization. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1235-40. [PMID: 25797570 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Normalization of high-throughput molecular expression profiles secures differential expression analysis between samples of different phenotypes or biological conditions, and facilitates comparison between experimental batches. While the same general principles apply to microRNA (miRNA) normalization, there is mounting evidence that global shifts in their expression patterns occur in specific circumstances, which pose a challenge for normalizing miRNA expression data. As an alternative to global normalization, which has the propensity to flatten large trends, normalization against constitutively expressed reference genes presents an advantage through their relative independence. Here we investigated the performance of reference-gene-based (RGB) normalization for differential miRNA expression analysis of microarray expression data, and compared the results with other normalization methods, including: quantile, variance stabilization, robust spline, simple scaling, rank invariant, and Loess regression. The comparative analyses were executed using miRNA expression in tissue samples derived from subjects with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls. We proposed a consistency criterion for evaluating methods by examining the overlapping of differentially expressed miRNAs detected using different partitions of the whole data. Based on this criterion, we found that RGB normalization generally outperformed global normalization methods. Thus we recommend the application of RGB normalization for miRNA expression data sets, and believe that this will yield a more consistent and useful readout of differentially expressed miRNAs, particularly in biological conditions characterized by large shifts in miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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113
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Lai CY, Lee SY, Scarr E, Yu YH, Lin YT, Liu CM, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Chien YL, Udawela M, Gibbons AS, Everall IP, Hwu HG, Dean B, Chen WJ. Aberrant expression of microRNAs as biomarker for schizophrenia: from acute state to partial remission, and from peripheral blood to cortical tissue. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e717. [PMID: 26784971 PMCID: PMC5068884 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous finding of a seven-miRNA (hsa-miR-34a, miR-449a, miR-564, miR-432, miR-548d, miR-572 and miR-652) signature as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia, this study aimed to examine if hospitalization could affect expressions of these miRNAs. We compared their expression levels between acute state and partial remission state in people with schizophrenia (n=48) using quantitative PCR method. Further, to examine whether the blood and brain show similar expression patterns, the expressions of two miRNAs (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-548d) were examined in the postmortem brain tissue of people with schizophrenia (n=25) and controls (n=27). The expression level of the seven miRNAs did not alter after ~2 months of hospitalization with significant improvement in clinical symptoms, suggesting the miRNAs could be traits rather than state-dependent markers. The aberrant expression seen in the blood of hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-548d were not present in the brain samples, but this does not discount the possibility that the peripheral miRNAs could be clinically useful biomarkers for schizophrenia. Unexpectedly, we found an age-dependent increase in hsa-miR-34a expressions in human cortical (Brodmann area 46 (BA46)) but not subcortical region (caudate putamen). The correlation between hsa-miR-34a expression level in BA46 and age was much stronger in the controls than in the cases, and the corresponding correlation in the blood was only seen in the cases. The association between the miRNA dysregulations, the disease predisposition and aging warrants further investigation. Taken together, this study provides further insight on the candidate peripheral miRNAs as stable biomarkers for the diagnostics of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Lai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S-Y Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E Scarr
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Y-H Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-M Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-J Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Udawela
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A S Gibbons
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I P Everall
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - H-G Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - W J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan. E-mail:
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DICER1 and microRNA regulation in post-traumatic stress disorder with comorbid depression. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10106. [PMID: 26632874 PMCID: PMC4686835 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 is an enzyme that generates mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in brain and other tissues and is involved in synaptic maturation and plasticity. Here, through genome-wide differential gene expression survey of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with comorbid depression (PTSD&Dep), we find that blood DICER1 expression is significantly reduced in cases versus controls, and replicate this in two independent cohorts. Our follow-up studies find that lower blood DICER1 expression is significantly associated with increased amygdala activation to fearful stimuli, a neural correlate for PTSD. Additionally, a genetic variant in the 3′ un-translated region of DICER1, rs10144436, is significantly associated with DICER1 expression and with PTSD&Dep, and the latter is replicated in an independent cohort. Furthermore, genome-wide differential expression survey of miRNAs in blood in PTSD&Dep reveals miRNAs to be significantly downregulated in cases versus controls. Together, our novel data suggest DICER1 plays a role in molecular mechanisms of PTSD&Dep through the DICER1 and the miRNA regulation pathway. DICER1 is required for the maturation of miRNAs which regulate expression of thousands of genes. Here the authors show significantly reduced levels of DICER1 in individuals having post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression suggestive of a role in the molecular mechanism of the condition.
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115
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Depression, Cytokine, and Cytokine by Treatment Interactions Modulate Gene Expression in Antipsychotic Naïve First Episode Psychosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5701-9. [PMID: 26491028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, genetic and environmental factors affect neurodevelopment and neuroprogressive trajectory. Altered expression of neuro-immune genes and increased levels of cytokines are observed, especially in patients with comorbid depression. However, it remains unclear whether circulating levels of cytokines and expression of these genes are associated, and how antipsychotic treatments impact this association. Relationships between messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 11 schizophrenia-related genes and circulating levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were analyzed in 174 antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis (FEP) and in 77 healthy controls. A subgroup of 72 patients was reassessed after treatment with risperidone. FEP patients were divided into those with and without depression. FEP patients with depression showed increased COMT expression and decreased NDEL1 expression. Increased IL-6 was associated with lowered AKT1 and DROSHA expression, while increased IL-10 was associated with increased NDEL1, DISC1, and MBP expression. IL-6 levels significantly increased the risperidone-induced expression of AKT1, DICER1, DROSHA, and COMT mRNA. The differential mRNA gene expression in FEP is largely associated with increased cytokine levels. While increased IL-6 may downregulate AKT-mediated cellular functions and dysregulate genes involved in microRNA (miRNA) machinery, increased IL-10 has neuroprotective properties. Increased IL-6 levels may prime the expression of genes (AKT1, DICER1, DROSHA, and COMT) in response to risperidone, suggesting that cytokine × treatment × gene interactions may improve cell function profiles. FEP patients with depression show a different gene expression profile reinforcing the theory that depression in FEP is a different phenotype.
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116
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Gumerov V, Hegyi H. MicroRNA-derived network analysis of differentially methylated genes in schizophrenia, implicating GABA receptor B1 [GABBR1] and protein kinase B [AKT1]. Biol Direct 2015; 10:59. [PMID: 26450699 PMCID: PMC4598960 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While hundreds of genes have been implicated already in the etiology of schizophrenia, the exact cause is not known or the disease is considered multigenic in origin. Recent discoveries of new types of RNAs and the gradual elimination of the "junk DNA" hypothesis refocused the attention on the noncoding part of the human genome. Here we re-analyzed a recent dataset of differentially methylated genes from schizophrenic patients and cross-tabulated them with cis regulatory and repetitive elements and microRNAs known to be involved in schizophrenia. RESULTS We found that the number of schizophrenia-related (SZ) microRNA targets follows a scale-free distribution with several microRNA hubs and that schizophrenia-related microRNAs with shared targets form a small-world network. The top ten microRNAs with the highest number of SZ gene targets regulate approximately 80 % of all microRNA-regulated genes whereas the top two microRNAs regulate 40-52 % of all such genes. We also found that genes that are regulated by the same microRNAs tend to have more protein-protein interactions than randomly selected schizophrenia genes. This highlights the role microRNAs possibly play in coordinating the abundance of interacting proteins, an important function that has not been sufficiently explored before. The analysis revealed that GABBR1 is regulated by both of the top two microRNAs and acts as a hub by interacting with many schizophrenia-related genes and sharing several types of transcription-binding sites with its interactors. We also found that differentially methylated repetitive elements are significantly more methylated in schizophrenia, pointing out their potential role in the disease. CONCLUSIONS We find that GABBR1 has a central importance in schizophrenia, even if no direct cause and effect have been shown for it for the time. In addition to being a hub in microRNA-derived regulatory pathways and protein-protein interactions, its centrality is also supported by the high number of cis regulatory elements and transcription factor-binding sites that regulate its transcription. These findings are in line with several genome-wide association studies that repeatedly find the major histocompatibility region (where GABBR1 is located) to have the highest number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in schizophrenics. Our model also offers an explanation for the downregulation of protein kinase B, another consistent finding in schizophrenic patients. Our observations support the notion that microRNAs fine-tune the amount of proteins acting in the same biological pathways in schizophrenia, giving further support to the emerging theory of competing endogenous RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Gumerov
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hedi Hegyi
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Butler AA, Webb WM, Lubin FD. Regulatory RNAs and control of epigenetic mechanisms: expectations for cognition and cognitive dysfunction. Epigenomics 2015; 8:135-51. [PMID: 26366811 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse functions of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can influence virtually every aspect of the transcriptional process including epigenetic regulation of genes. In the CNS, regulatory RNA networks and epigenetic mechanisms have broad relevance to gene transcription changes involved in long-term memory formation and cognition. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple classes of ncRNAs impact neuronal development, neuroplasticity, and cognition. Currently, a large gap exists in our knowledge of how ncRNAs facilitate epigenetic processes, and how this phenomenon affects cognitive function. In this review, we discuss recent findings highlighting a provocative role for ncRNAs including lncRNAs and piRNAs in the control of epigenetic mechanisms involved in cognitive function. Furthermore, we discuss the putative roles for these ncRNAs in cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson A Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William M Webb
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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118
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Geaghan M, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA and Posttranscriptional Dysregulation in Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:231-9. [PMID: 25636176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric syndromes, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, are characterized by a complex range of symptoms, including psychosis, depression, mania, and cognitive deficits. Although the mechanisms driving pathophysiology are complex and remain largely unknown, advances in the understanding of gene association and gene networks are providing significant clues to their etiology. In recent years, small noncoding RNA molecules known as microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as potential players in the pathophysiology of mental illness. These small RNAs regulate hundreds of target transcripts by modifying their stability and translation on a broad scale, influencing entire gene networks in the process. There is evidence to suggest that numerous miRNAs are dysregulated in postmortem neuropathology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and there is strong genetic support for association of miRNA genes and their targets with these conditions. This review presents the accumulated evidence linking miRNA dysregulation and dysfunction with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutics for these disorders. We further assess the functional roles of some outstanding miRNAs associated with these conditions and how they may be influencing the development of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Geaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia..
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119
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Zhang J, Sun XY, Zhang LY. MicroRNA-7/Shank3 axis involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:1254-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhao D, Lin M, Chen J, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Fourcade HM, Zheng D, Lachman HM. MicroRNA Profiling of Neurons Generated Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder, and 22q11.2 Del. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132387. [PMID: 26173148 PMCID: PMC4501820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We are using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study neuropsychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2 microdeletions (del), the most common known schizophrenia (SZ)-associated genetic factor. Several genes in the region have been implicated; a promising candidate is DGCR8, which codes for a protein involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. We carried out miRNA expression profiling (miRNA-seq) on neurons generated from iPSCs derived from controls and SZ patients with 22q11.2 del. Using thresholds of p<0.01 for nominal significance and 1.5-fold differences in expression, 45 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected (13 lower in SZ and 32 higher). Of these, 6 were significantly down-regulated in patients after correcting for genome wide significance (FDR<0.05), including 4 miRNAs that map to the 22q11.2 del region. In addition, a nominally significant increase in the expression of several miRNAs was found in the 22q11.2 neurons that were previously found to be differentially expressed in autopsy samples and peripheral blood in SZ and autism spectrum disorders (e.g., miR-34, miR-4449, miR-146b-3p, and miR-23a-5p). Pathway and function analysis of predicted mRNA targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed enrichment for genes involved in neurological disease and psychological disorders for both up and down regulated miRNAs. Our findings suggest that: i. neurons with 22q11.2 del recapitulate the miRNA expression patterns expected of 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency, ii. differentially expressed miRNAs previously identified using autopsy samples and peripheral cells, both of which have significant methodological problems, are indeed disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders and likely have an underlying genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - H. Matthew Fourcade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Zhu D, Zhang J, Wu J, Li G, Yao W, Hao J, Sun J. Paliperidone Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MK-801-Induced Neuronal Damage Through Inhibition of Ca(2+) Influx and Regulation of SIRT1/miR-134 Signal Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2498-509. [PMID: 26055227 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disease. Recently, increasing evidences support that neurodegeneration occurs in the brain of schizophrenia patients with progressive morphological changes. Paliperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, could attenuate psychotic symptom and protect neurons from different stressors. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we used SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate the neuroprotective capability of paliperidone against the neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801. And, we also explored the possible molecular mechanism. Neurotoxicity of 100 μM MK-801, which reduced the cell viability, was diminished by 100 μM paliperidone using MTT and LDH assays (both p < 0.05). Analysis with Hoechst 33342/PI double staining demonstrated that exposure to MK-801 (100 μM) for 24 h led to the death of 30 % of cultured cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the patch clamp technique was employed to detect voltage calcium channel changes; the results showed that paliperidone effectively blocked the Ca(2+) influx through inhibiting the voltage-gated calcium channels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, paliperidone significantly reversed MK-801 induced increase of SIRT1 and decrease of miR-134 expression (both p < 0.05). Finally, SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide blocked MK-801 injury effects and suppressed miR-134 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that paliperidone could protect SH-SY5Y cells against MK-801 induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of Ca(2+) influx and regulation of SIRT1/miR-134 pathway, providing a promising and potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibao Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that patients with psychiatric disorders have altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the circulation and brain. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that manipulating the levels of particular miRNAs in the brain can alter behaviour. Here, we review recent studies in humans, animal models, cellular systems and bioinformatics that have advanced our understanding of the contribution of brain miRNAs to the regulation of behaviour in the context of psychiatric conditions. These studies highlight the potential of miRNA levels to be used in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and suggest that brain miRNAs could become novel treatment targets for psychiatric disorders.
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123
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Zhang F, Xu Y, Shugart YY, Yue W, Qi G, Yuan G, Cheng Z, Yao J, Wang J, Wang G, Cao H, Guo W, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Tian L, Jin C, Yuan J, Liu C, Zhang D. Converging evidence implicates the abnormal microRNA system in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:728-35. [PMID: 25429046 PMCID: PMC4393688 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings are inconsistent; yet, converging evidence suggests an association between schizophrenia (SZ) and the impairment of posttranscriptional regulation of brain development through microRNA (miRNA) systems. METHODS This study aims to (1) compare the overall frequency of 121 rare variants (RVs) in 59 genes associated with the miRNA system in genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-derived data including 768 SZ cases and 1348 healthy controls and validated in an independent GWAS data including 1802 SZ cases and 1447 controls; (2) profile genome-wide miRNA expression in blood collected from 15 early-onset SZ (EOS) cases and 15 healthy controls; and (3) construct a miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network using our previous genome-wide mRNA expression data generated from a separate sample of 18 EOS cases and 12 healthy controls. RESULTS Our findings indicate that: (1) In genes associated with the control of miRNAs, there are approximately 50% more RVs in SZ cases than in controls (P ≤ 2.62E-10); (2) The observed lower miRNA activity in EOS patients compared with the healthy controls suggests that miRNAs are abnormally downregulated; (3) There exists a predicted regulatory network among some downregulated miRNAs and some upregulated mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, results from all 3 lines of evidence, suggest that the genetically based dysregulation of miRNA systems undermines miRNAs' inhibitory effects, resulting in the abnormal upregulation of genome transcription in the development of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China;,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;,Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weihua Yue
- Department of Psychiatry, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Mental Health of Peking University/Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China;,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guoyang Qi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zaohuo Cheng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianjun Yao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wei Guo
- Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenxing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Mental Health of Peking University/Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Mental Health of Peking University/Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences/PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Williamson VS, Mamdani M, McMichael GO, Kim AH, Lee D, Bacanu S, Vladimirov VI. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in microRNA genes are enriched for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder association signals. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2557-2569. [PMID: 25817407 PMCID: PMC4845662 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have substantial negative impact on the quality of human life. Both, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in SZ and BD postmortem brains [and genome-wide association studies (GWAS)] have implicated miRNAs in disease etiology. Here, we aim to determine whether significant GWAS signals observed in the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium (PGC) are enriched for miRNAs. METHOD A two-stage approach was used to determine whether association signals from PGC affect miRNAs: (i) statistical assessment of enrichment using a Simes test and sum of squares test (SST) and (ii) biological evidence that quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping to known miRNA genes affect their expression in an independent sample of 78 postmortem brains from the Stanley Medical Research Institute. RESULTS A total of 2567 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (R2 > 0.8) were mapped locally, within 1 Mb, to all known miRNAs (miRBase v. 21). We show robust enrichment for SZ- and BD-related SNPs with miRNAs using Simes (SZ: p ≤ 0.0023, BD: p ≤ 0.038), which remained significant after adjusting for background inflation in SZ (empirical p = 0.018) and approached significance in BD (empirical p = 0.07). At a false discovery rate of 10%, we identified a total of 32 eQTLs to influence miRNA expression; 11 of these overlapped with BD. CONCLUSIONS Our approach of integrating PGC findings with eQTL results can be used to generate specific hypotheses regarding the role of miRNAs in SZ and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Williamson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - M. Mamdani
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - G. O. McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - A. H. Kim
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - D. Lee
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - S. Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - V. I. Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
- Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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125
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Lin SH, Song W, Cressatti M, Zukor H, Wang E, Schipper HM. Heme oxygenase-1 modulates microRNA expression in cultured astroglia: implications for chronic brain disorders. Glia 2015; 63:1270-84. [PMID: 25820186 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-expression of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) promotes iron deposition, mitochondrial damage, and autophagy in astrocytes and enhances the vulnerability of nearby neuronal constituents to oxidative injury. These neuropathological features and aberrant brain microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns have been implicated in the etiopathogeneses of various neurodevelopmental and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE To correlate glial HO-1 overexpression with altered miRNA patterns, which have been linked to the aforementioned "core" neuropathological features. METHODS miRNA microchip assays were performed on HMOX1- and sham-transfected primary rat astroglia and affected miRNAs were further validated by qPCR. The roles of the heme degradation products, carbon monoxide (CO), iron (Fe) and bilirubin on miRNA expression were assessed and salient mRNA targets of the impacted miRNAs were ascertained. RESULTS In HMOX1-transfected astrocytes, rno-miR-140*, rno-miR-17, and rno-miR-16 were significantly up-regulated, and rno-miR-297, rno-miR-206, rno-miR-187, rno-miR-181a, rno-miR-138 and rno-miR-29c were down-regulated, compared to sham-transfected controls. CO and Fe were implicated in the HMOX1 effects, whereas bilirubin was inert or counteracted the HMOX1-related changes. mRNA levels of Ngfr, Vglut1, Mapk3, Tnf-α, and Sirt1, known targets of the down-regulated miRNAs and abnormal in various human brain disorders, were significantly increased in the HMOX-1-transfected astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS In chronic CNS disorders, altered expression of salient miRNAs and their mRNA targets may contribute to the neural damage accruing from the over-expression of glial HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsiung Lin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Winter J. MicroRNAs of the miR379-410 cluster: New players in embryonic neurogenesis and regulators of neuronal function. NEUROGENESIS 2015; 2:e1004970. [PMID: 27504472 PMCID: PMC4973610 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2015.1004970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The imprinted miR379–410 cluster contains 38 microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in diverse neurodevelopmental processes and are important regulators of neuronal function. The implications of these miRNAs in neurological diseases have been recently recognized.In the present minireview, the current findings regarding the brain-specific functions of miR379–410 cluster miRNAs are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Winter
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Medical Centre Mainz ; Mainz, Germany
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127
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Fibroblasts from patients with major depressive disorder show distinct transcriptional response to metabolic stressors. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e523. [PMID: 25756806 PMCID: PMC4354345 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly viewed as interplay of environmental stressors and genetic predisposition, and recent data suggest that the disease affects not only the brain, but the entire body. As a result, we aimed at determining whether patients with major depression have aberrant molecular responses to stress in peripheral tissues. We examined the effects of two metabolic stressors, galactose (GAL) or reduced lipids (RL), on the transcriptome and miRNome of human fibroblasts from 16 pairs of patients with MDD and matched healthy controls (CNTR). Our results demonstrate that both MDD and CNTR fibroblasts had a robust molecular response to GAL and RL challenges. Most importantly, a significant part (messenger RNAs (mRNAs): 26-33%; microRNAs (miRNAs): 81-90%) of the molecular response was only observed in MDD, but not in CNTR fibroblasts. The applied metabolic challenges uncovered mRNA and miRNA signatures, identifying responses to each stressor characteristic for the MDD fibroblasts. The distinct responses of MDD fibroblasts to GAL and RL revealed an aberrant engagement of molecular pathways, such as apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, cell migration, metabolic control and energy production. In conclusion, the metabolic challenges evoked by GAL or RL in dermal fibroblasts exposed adaptive dysfunctions on mRNA and miRNA levels that are characteristic for MDD. This finding underscores the need to challenge biological systems to bring out disease-specific deficits, which otherwise might remain hidden under resting conditions.
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128
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Translational potential of olfactory mucosa for the study of neuropsychiatric illness. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e527. [PMID: 25781226 PMCID: PMC4354342 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa (OM) is a unique source of regenerative neural tissue that is readily obtainable from living human subjects and thus affords opportunities for the study of psychiatric illnesses. OM tissues can be used, either as ex vivo OM tissue or in vitro OM-derived neural cells, to explore parameters that have been difficult to assess in the brain of living individuals with psychiatric illness. As OM tissues are distinct from brain tissues, an understanding of the neurobiology of the OM is needed to relate findings in these tissues to those of the brain as well as to design and interpret ex vivo or in vitro OM studies. To that end, we discuss the molecular, cellular and functional characteristics of cell types within the olfactory mucosa, describe the organization of the OM and highlight its role in the olfactory neurocircuitry. In addition, we discuss various approaches to in vitro culture of OM-derived cells and their characterization, focusing on the extent to which they reflect the in vivo neurobiology of the OM. Finally, we review studies of ex vivo OM tissues and in vitro OM-derived cells from individuals with psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, we discuss the concordance of this work with postmortem brain studies and highlight possible future approaches, which may offer distinct strengths in comparison to in vitro paradigms based on genomic reprogramming.
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129
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Walker RM, Rybka J, Anderson SM, Torrance HS, Boxall R, Sussmann JE, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM, Evans KL. Preliminary investigation of miRNA expression in individuals at high familial risk of bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 62:48-55. [PMID: 25708817 PMCID: PMC4379383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Many studies have reported altered gene expression in BD, some of which may be attributable to the dysregulated expression of miRNAs. Studies carried out to date have largely studied medicated patients, so it is possible that observed changes in miRNA expression might be a consequence of clinical illness or of its treatment. We sought to establish whether altered miRNA expression might play a causative role in the development of BD by studying young, unmedicated relatives of individuals with BD, who are at a higher genetic risk of developing BD themselves (high-risk individuals). The expression of 20 miRNAs previously implicated in either BD or schizophrenia was measured by qRT-PCR in whole-blood samples from 34 high-risk and 46 control individuals. Three miRNAs, miR-15b, miR-132 and miR-652 were up-regulated in the high-risk individuals, consistent with previous reports of increased expression of these miRNAs in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that the altered expression of these miRNAs might represent a mechanism of genetic susceptibility for BD. Moreover, our observation of altered miRNA expression in the blood prior to the onset of illness provides hope that one day blood-based tests may aid in the risk-stratification and treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie May Walker
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Joanna Rybka
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Susan Maguire Anderson
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Helen Scott Torrance
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Ruth Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Jessika Elizabeth Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David John Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Andrew Mark McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Kathryn Louise Evans
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
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Huang F, Zhang L, Long Z, Chen Z, Hou X, Wang C, Peng H, Wang J, Li J, Duan R, Xia K, Chuang DM, Tang B, Jiang H. miR-25 alleviates polyQ-mediated cytotoxicity by silencing ATXN3. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4791-8. [PMID: 25451224 PMCID: PMC6370487 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various polyQ diseases. This study aims to investigate the regulation of ATXN3 gene expression by miRNA. We found that miR-25 reduced both wild-type and polyQ-expanded mutant ataxin-3 protein levels by interacting with the 3'UTR of ATXN3 mRNA. miR-25 also increased cell viability, decreased early apoptosis, and downregulated the accumulation of mutant ataxin-3 protein aggregates in SCA3/MJD cells. These novel results shed light on the potential role of miR-25 in the pathogenesis of SCA3/MJD, and provide a possible therapeutic intervention for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Neurology & Institute of Translational Medicine at University of South China, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Jiada Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Molecular Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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131
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Chen Y, Fang J, Chen X, Pan C, Liu X, Liu J. Effects of the Treg/Th17 cell balance and their associated cytokines in patients with hepatitis B infection. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1671-1676. [PMID: 25371713 PMCID: PMC4217773 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent to which T-cell-mediated immunity is impaired in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains controversial. In addition, the role of T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their associated cytokines in immunity is not clear. In the present study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 44 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus, 14 asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers, 19 patients with liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy individuals. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of T cell subsets in the samples, including CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg cells and Th17 cells. A cytometric bead array was conducted to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-17, -6, -10 and -21, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The data revealed that Treg cell levels decreased, while Th17 cell levels increased in the peripheral blood of HBV patients. As the extent of inflammation and fibrosis in the hepatic tissue increased, the frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood did not significantly differ. In addition, the levels of Th17 cells were found to positively correlate with TGF-β and IL-21 levels. Therefore, analyzing the balance between Treg/Th17 cells and their associated cytokines may be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xuzheng Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350108, P.R. China
| | - Chen Pan
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fuijan 350025, P.R. China
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Merico D, Costain G, Butcher NJ, Warnica W, Ogura L, Alfred SE, Brzustowicz LM, Bassett AS. MicroRNA Dysregulation, Gene Networks, and Risk for Schizophrenia in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Neurol 2014; 5:238. [PMID: 25484875 PMCID: PMC4240070 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the etiology of schizophrenia is increasingly recognized. Microdeletions at chromosome 22q11.2 are recurrent structural variants that impart a high risk for schizophrenia and are found in up to 1% of all patients with schizophrenia. The 22q11.2 deletion region overlaps gene DGCR8, encoding a subunit of the miRNA microprocessor complex. We identified miRNAs overlapped by the 22q11.2 microdeletion and for the first time investigated their predicted target genes, and those implicated by DGCR8, to identify targets that may be involved in the risk for schizophrenia. The 22q11.2 region encompasses seven validated or putative miRNA genes. Employing two standard prediction tools, we generated sets of predicted target genes. Functional enrichment profiles of the 22q11.2 region miRNA target genes suggested a role in neuronal processes and broader developmental pathways. We then constructed a protein interaction network of schizophrenia candidate genes and interaction partners relevant to brain function, independent of the 22q11.2 region miRNA mechanisms. We found that the predicted gene targets of the 22q11.2 deletion miRNAs, and targets of the genome-wide miRNAs predicted to be dysregulated by DGCR8 hemizygosity, were significantly represented in this schizophrenia network. The findings provide new insights into the pathway from 22q11.2 deletion to expression of schizophrenia, and suggest that hemizygosity of the 22q11.2 region may have downstream effects implicating genes elsewhere in the genome that are relevant to the general schizophrenia population. These data also provide further support for the notion that robust genetic findings in schizophrenia may converge on a reasonable number of final pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Nancy J Butcher
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - William Warnica
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Lucas Ogura
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Simon E Alfred
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Linda M Brzustowicz
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University , Piscataway, NJ , USA
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; The Dalglish Family Hearts and Minds Clinic for 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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133
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Hommers LG, Domschke K, Deckert J. Heterogeneity and individuality: microRNAs in mental disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:79-97. [PMID: 25395183 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are about 22 nucleotide long single-stranded RNA molecules, negatively regulating gene expression of a single gene or a gene network. In neural tissues, they have been implicated in developmental and neuroplasticity-related processes, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis and long-term potentiation. Their molecular mode of action is reminiscent of findings of genome-wide association studies in mental disorders, unable to attribute the risk of disease to a specific gene, but rather to multiple genes, gene-networks and gene-environment interaction. As such, microRNAs are an attractive target for research. Here, we review clinical studies conducted in humans on microRNAs in mental disorders with a particular focus on schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The majority of clinical studies have focused on schizophrenia. The most robust finding has been reported for rs1625579 located in MIR137HG, which was associated with schizophrenia on a genome-wide level. Concerning bipolar disorder, major depression and anxiety disorders, promising results have been published, but only a considerably smaller number of clinical studies is available and genome-wide association studies did not suggest a direct link to microRNAs so far. Expression of microRNAs as biomarkers of mental disorders and treatment response is currently emerging with preliminary results. Larger-scaled genetic and functional studies along with translational research are needed to enhance our understanding of microRNAs in mental disorders. These studies will aid in disentangling the complex genetic nature of these disorders and possibly contribute to the development of novel, individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Hommers
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany,
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MicroRNAs in Schizophrenia: Implications for Synaptic Plasticity and Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction at the Postsynaptic Density. New Avenues for Antipsychotic Treatment Under a Theranostic Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1771-1790. [PMID: 25394379 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction that has long been considered a relevant landmark of psychosis pathophysiology, several aspects of these two neurotransmitters reciprocal interaction remain to be defined. The emerging role of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins at glutamate synapse as a molecular "lego" making a functional hub where different signals converge may add a new piece of information to understand how dopamine-glutamate interaction may work with regard to schizophrenia pathophysiology and treatment. More recently, compelling evidence suggests a relevant role for microRNA (miRNA) as a new class of dopamine and glutamate modulators with regulatory functions in the reciprocal interaction of these two neurotransmitters. Here, we aimed at addressing the following issues: (i) Do miRNAs have a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology in the context of dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction? (ii) If miRNAs are relevant for dopamine-glutamate interaction, at what level this modulation takes place? (iii) Finally, will this knowledge open the door to innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools? The biogenesis of miRNAs and their role in synaptic plasticity with relevance to schizophrenia will be considered in the context of dopamine-glutamate interaction, with special focus on miRNA interaction with PSD elements. From this framework, implications both for biomarkers identification and potential innovative interventions will be considered.
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135
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Zaky A, Mahmoud M, Awad D, El Sabaa BM, Kandeel KM, Bassiouny AR. Valproic acid potentiates curcumin-mediated neuroprotection in lipopolysaccharide induced rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:337. [PMID: 25374508 PMCID: PMC4204527 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of neuroinflammation is complex and comprises multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors during which diverse genetic and epigenetic modulations are implicated. Curcumin (Cur) and valproic acid (VPA), histone deacetylase 1 inhibitor, have neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed with an aim to investigate the ability of co-treatment of both compounds (Cur or VPA, 200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks to augment neuroprotection and enhance brain recovery from intra-peritoneal injection of (250 μg/kg) lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neuroinflammatory condition on rat brain cortex. Cortex activation and the effects of combined treatment and production of proinflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), APE1, and nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated. Neuroinflammation development was assessed by histological analyses and by investigating associated indices [β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid protein precursor (APP), presenilin (PSEN-1), and PSEN-2)]. Furthermore we measured the expression profile of lethal-7 (let-7) miRNAs members a, b, c, e, and f in all groups, a highly abundant regulator of gene expression in the CNS. Protein and mRNA levels of neuroinflammation markers COX-2, BACE1, APP, and iNOS were also attenuated by combined therapy. On the other hand, assessment of the indicated five let-7 members, showed distinct expression profile pattern in the different groups. Let-7 a, b, and c disappeared in the induced group, an effect that was partially suppressed by co-addition of either Cur or VPA. These data suggest that the combined treatment induced significantly the expression of the five members when compared to rats treated with Cur or VPA only as well as to self-recovery group, which indicates a possible benefit from the synergistic effect of Cur-VPA combination as therapeutic agents for neuroinflammation and its associated disorders. The mechanism elucidated here highlights the particular drug-induced expression profile of let-7 family as new targets for future pharmacological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mariam Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Kamal M Kandeel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
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136
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Huang W, Liu X, Cao J, Meng F, Li M, Chen B, Zhang J. miR-134 Regulates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Regulating CREB Signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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137
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Goldie BJ, Barnett MM, Cairns MJ. BDNF and the maturation of posttranscriptional regulatory networks in human SH-SY5Y neuroblast differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:325. [PMID: 25360083 PMCID: PMC4197648 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y culture system is a convenient neuronal model with the potential to elaborate human/primate-specific transcription networks and pathways related to human cognitive disorders. While this system allows for the exploration of specialized features in the human genome, there is still significant debate about how this model should be implemented, and its appropriateness for answering complex functional questions related to human neural architecture. In view of these questions we sought to characterize the posttranscriptional regulatory structure of the two-stage ATRA differentiation, BDNF maturation protocol proposed by Encinas et al. (2000) using integrative whole-genome gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis. We report that ATRA-BDNF induced significant increases in expression of key synaptic genes, brain-specific miRNA and miRNA biogenesis machinery, and in AChE activity, compared with ATRA alone. Functional annotation clustering associated BDNF more significantly with neuronal terms, and with synaptic terms not found in ATRA-only clusters. While our results support use of SH-SY5Y as a neuronal model, we advocate considered selection of the differentiation agent/s relative to the system being modeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Goldie
- The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia ; Schizophrenia Research Institute Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle M Barnett
- The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- The Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia ; Schizophrenia Research Institute Sydney, NSW, Australia
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138
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Bicker S, Lackinger M, Weiß K, Schratt G. MicroRNA-132, -134, and -138: a microRNA troika rules in neuronal dendrites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3987-4005. [PMID: 25008044 PMCID: PMC11113804 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic mRNA transport and local translation in the postsynaptic compartment play an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Local protein synthesis at the synapse has to be precisely orchestrated by a plethora of factors including RNA binding proteins as well as microRNAs, an extensive class of small non-coding RNAs. By binding to complementary sequences in target mRNAs, microRNAs fine-tune protein synthesis and thereby represent critical regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Research over the last years identified an entire network of dendritic microRNAs that fulfills an essential role in synapse development and physiology. Recent studies provide evidence that these small regulatory molecules are highly regulated themselves, at the level of expression as well as function. The importance of microRNAs for correct function of the nervous system is reflected by an increasing number of studies linking dysregulation of microRNA pathways to neurological disorders. By focusing on three extensively studied examples (miR-132, miR-134, miR-138), this review will attempt to illustrate the complex regulatory roles of dendritic microRNAs at the synapse and their implications for pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bicker
- Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lackinger
- Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weiß
- Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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139
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Yuan J, Cheng Z, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Yu S, Jin C. Lack of association between microRNA-137 SNP rs1625579 and schizophrenia in a replication study of Han Chinese. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:297-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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140
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Hollins SL, Goldie BJ, Carroll AP, Mason EA, Walker FR, Eyles DW, Cairns MJ. Ontogeny of small RNA in the regulation of mammalian brain development. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:777. [PMID: 25204312 PMCID: PMC4171549 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in coordinating messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription and stability in almost all known biological processes, including the development of the central nervous system. Despite our broad understanding of their involvement, we still have a very sparse understanding of specifically how miRNA contribute to the strict regional and temporal regulation of brain development. Accordingly, in the current study we have examined the contribution of miRNA in the developing rat telencephalon and mesencephalon from just after neural tube closure till birth using a genome-wide microarray strategy. RESULTS We identified temporally distinct expression patterns in both the telencephalon and mesencephalon for both miRNAs and their target genes. We demonstrate direct miRNA targeting of several genes involved with the migration, differentiation and maturation of neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miRNA have significant implications for the development of neural structure and support important mechanisms that if disrupted, may contribute to or drive neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hollins
- />School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- />Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Belinda J Goldie
- />School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- />Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305 Australia
- />Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Adam P Carroll
- />School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- />Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Mason
- />Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- />School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- />Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- />Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
- />Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, 4076 Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- />School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, the University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- />Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305 Australia
- />Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
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141
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Alteration of imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 miRNA cluster expression in the entorhinal cortex induced by maternal immune activation and adolescent cannabinoid exposure. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e452. [PMID: 25268256 PMCID: PMC4203021 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant feature of the cortical neuropathology of schizophrenia is a disturbance in the biogenesis of short non-coding microRNA (miRNA) that regulate translation and stability of mRNA. While the biological origin of this phenomenon has not been defined, it is plausible that it relates to major environmental risk factors associated with the disorder such as exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) and adolescent cannabis use. To explore this hypothesis, we administered the viral mimic poly I:C to pregnant rats and further exposed some of their maturing offsprings to daily injections of the synthetic cannabinoid HU210 for 14 days starting on postnatal day 35. Whole-genome miRNA expression analysis was then performed on the left and right hemispheres of the entorhinal cortex (EC), a region strongly associated with schizophrenia. Animals exposed to either treatment alone or in combination exhibited significant differences in the expression of miRNA in the left hemisphere, whereas the right hemisphere was less responsive. Hemisphere-associated differences in miRNA expression were greatest in the combined treatment and highly over-represented in a single imprinted locus on chromosome 6q32. This observation was significant as the syntenic 14q32 locus in humans encodes a large proportion of miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that interaction of early and late environmental insults may affect miRNA expression, in a manner that is relevant to schizophrenia.
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142
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De Felice B, Annunziata A, Fiorentino G, Borra M, Biffali E, Coppola C, Cotrufo R, Brettschneider J, Giordana ML, Dalmay T, Wheeler G, D'Alessandro R. miR-338-3p is over-expressed in blood, CFS, serum and spinal cord from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurogenetics 2014; 15:243-53. [PMID: 25130371 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and seriously disabling adult-onset neurological disease. Ninety percent of ALS patients are sporadic cases (sALS) with no clear genetic linkage. Accumulating evidence indicates that various microRNAs (miRNAs), expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in the brain, play a key role in neuronal development. In addition, microRNA dysregulation contributes to some mental disorders and neurodegeneration diseases. In our research, the expression of one selected miRNA, miR-338-3p, which previously we have found over-expressed in blood leukocytes, was studied in several different tissues from sALS patients. For the first time, we detected a specific microRNA disease-related upregulation, miR-338-3p, in blood leukocytes as well in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and spinal cord from sALS patients. Besides, staining of in situ hybridization showed that the signals of miR-338-3p were localized in the grey matter of spinal cord tissues from sALS autopsied patients. We propose that miRNA profiles found in tissue samples from sALS patients can be relevant to understand sALS pathogenesis and lead to set up effective biomarkers for sALS early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna De Felice
- DISTABIF-Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy,
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143
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Sun E, Shi Y. MicroRNAs: Small molecules with big roles in neurodevelopment and diseases. Exp Neurol 2014; 268:46-53. [PMID: 25128264 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in the development and functions of the brain. Extensive studies have revealed critical roles for miRNAs in brain development and function. Dysregulation or altered expression of miRNAs is associated with abnormal brain development and pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases. This review serves to highlight the versatile roles of these small RNA molecules in normal brain development and their association with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular, two closely related neuropsychiatric disorders of neurodevelopmental origin, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurosciences, Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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144
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Kandemir H, Erdal ME, Selek S, Ay Öİ, Karababa IF, Kandemir SB, Ay ME, Yılmaz ŞG, Bayazıt H, Taşdelen B. Evaluation of several micro RNA (miRNA) levels in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:158-62. [PMID: 25123444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, although disorders etiology and pathogenesis remains unknown, several theories about ADHD development have been proposed and many researchers believe that it is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study we evaluated miR18a-5p, miR22-3p, miR24-3p, miR106b-5p, miR107, miR125b-5p and miR155a-5p levels in child and adolescent ADHD patients. The research sample consisted a group of 52 ADHD patients, and 52 healthy volunteer controls. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups (p>0.05). miRNA 18a-5p, 22-3p, 24-3p, 106b-5p and 107 levels were statistically significantly decreased in ADHD patients(p<0.05). miRNA 155a-5p levels were increased in patients group (p<0.05). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of miR107 was estimated for the cutoff point of 0.4480. PPV was 70% and NPV was 86.5% for the taken cut off point. There could be a close relationship between levels of circulating miRNAs and ADHD. If we could understand how the signaling pathways arranged by miRNAs, impact on CNS development, function and pathology this can improve our knowledge about ADHD etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry, Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem İzci Ay
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mustafa Ertan Ay
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Şenay Görücü Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bayazıt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Bahar Taşdelen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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145
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Mundalil Vasu M, Anitha A, Thanseem I, Suzuki K, Yamada K, Takahashi T, Wakuda T, Iwata K, Tsujii M, Sugiyama T, Mori N. Serum microRNA profiles in children with autism. Mol Autism 2014; 5:40. [PMID: 25126405 PMCID: PMC4132421 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the transcriptional networks of the developing human brain. Circulating miRNAs in the serum and plasma are remarkably stable and are suggested to have promise as noninvasive biomarkers for neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum expression profiles of neurologically relevant miRNAs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple deficits in communication, social interaction and behavior. Methods Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the serum samples of 55 individuals with ASD and 55 age- and sex-matched control subjects, and the mature miRNAs were selectively converted into cDNA. Initially, the expression of 125 mature miRNAs was compared between pooled control and ASD samples. The differential expression of 14 miRNAs was further validated by SYBR Green quantitative PCR of individual samples. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs. The target genes and pathways of miRNAs were predicted using DIANA mirPath software. Results Thirteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in ASD individuals compared to the controls. MiR-151a-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-320a, miR-328, miR-433, miR-489, miR-572, and miR-663a were downregulated, while miR-101-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-195-5p, and miR-19b-3p were upregulated. Five miRNAs showed good predictive power for distinguishing individuals with ASD. The target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several crucial neurological pathways. Conclusions This is the first study of serum miRNAs in ASD individuals. The results suggest that a set of serum miRNAs might serve as a possible noninvasive biomarker for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Mundalil Vasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ayyappan Anitha
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Taro Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Wakuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan ; Faculty of Sociology, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota 470-0393, Japan
| | - Toshirou Sugiyama
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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146
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Goldie BJ, Dun MD, Lin M, Smith ND, Verrills NM, Dayas CV, Cairns MJ. Activity-associated miRNA are packaged in Map1b-enriched exosomes released from depolarized neurons. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9195-208. [PMID: 25053844 PMCID: PMC4132720 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid input-restricted change in gene expression is an important aspect of synaptic plasticity requiring complex mechanisms of post-transcriptional mRNA trafficking and regulation. Small non-coding miRNA are uniquely poised to support these functions by providing a nucleic-acid-based specificity component for universal-sequence-dependent RNA binding complexes. We investigated the subcellular distribution of these molecules in resting and potassium chloride depolarized human neuroblasts, and found both selective enrichment and depletion in neurites. Depolarization was associated with a neurite-restricted decrease in miRNA expression; a subset of these molecules was recovered from the depolarization medium in nuclease resistant extracellular exosomes. These vesicles were enriched with primate specific miRNA and the synaptic-plasticity-associated protein MAP1b. These findings further support a role for miRNA as neural plasticity regulators, as they are compartmentalized in neurons and undergo activity-associated redistribution or release into the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Goldie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Minjie Lin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nathan D Smith
- ABRF, Research Services, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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147
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Seok JK, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Lee YM. MicroRNA-382 induced by HIF-1α is an angiogenic miR targeting the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8062-72. [PMID: 24914051 PMCID: PMC4081109 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRs) play important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this study, we have characterized miR-382 upregulation by hypoxia and the functional relevance of miR-382 in tumor angiogenesis. miRs induced by hypoxia in MKN1 human gastric cancer cells were investigated using miRNA microarrays. We selected miR-382 and found that the expression of miR-382 was regulated by HIF-1α. Conditioned media (CM) from MKN1 cells transfected with a miR-382 inhibitor (antagomiR-382) under hypoxic conditions significantly decreased vascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and tube formation. Algorithmic programs (Target Scan, miRanda and cbio) predicted that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a target gene of miR-382. Deletion of miR382-binding sequences in the PTEN mRNA 3′-untranslated region (UTR) diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Subsequent study showed that the overexpression of miR-382 or antagomiR-382 down- or upregulated PTEN and its downstream target AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, indicating that PTEN is a functional target gene of miR-382. In addition, PTEN inhibited miR-382-induced in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis as well as VEGF secretion, and the inhibition of miR-382 expression reduced xenograft tumor growth and microvessel density in tumors. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-382 induced by hypoxia promotes angiogenesis and acts as an angiogenic oncogene by repressing PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Seok
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Mie Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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148
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Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) can have a profound effect on the human body that extends well beyond our understanding of their neuropsychopharmacology. Some of these effects manifest themselves in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and in some cases, particularly in clozapine treatment, result in serious complications. To better understand the molecular biology of APD action in lymphocytes, we investigated the influence of chlorpromazine, haloperidol and clozapine in vitro, by microarray-based gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis. JM-Jurkat T-lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of the APDs or vehicle alone over 2 wk to model the early effects of APDs on expression. Interestingly both haloperidol and clozapine appear to regulate the expression of a large number of genes. Functional analysis of APD-associated differential expression revealed changes in genes related to oxidative stress, metabolic disease and surprisingly also implicated pathways and biological processes associated with neurological disease consistent with current understanding of the activity of APDs. We also identified miRNA-mRNA interaction associated with metabolic pathways and cell death/survival, all which could have relevance to known side effects of APDs. These results indicate that APDs have a significant effect on expression in peripheral tissue that relate to both known mechanisms as well as poorly characterized side effects.
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149
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Oldmeadow C, Mossman D, Evans TJ, Holliday EG, Tooney PA, Cairns MJ, Wu J, Carr V, Attia JR, Scott RJ. Combined analysis of exon splicing and genome wide polymorphism data predict schizophrenia risk loci. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 52:44-9. [PMID: 24507884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a strong genetic basis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that effect sizes for individual genetic variants which increase disease risk are small, making detection and validation of true disease-associated risk variants extremely challenging. Specifically, we first identify genes with exons showing differential expression between cases and controls, indicating a splicing mechanism that may contribute to variation in disease risk and focus on those showing consistent differential expression between blood and brain tissue. We then perform a genome-wide screen for SNPs associated with both normalised exon intensity of these genes (so called splicing QTLs) as well as association with schizophrenia. We identified a number of significantly associated loci with a biologically plausible role in schizophrenia, including MCPH1, DLG3, ZC3H13, and BICD2, and additional loci that influence splicing of these genes, including YWHAH. Our approach of integrating genome-wide exon intensity with genome-wide polymorphism data has identified a number of plausible SZ associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - David Mossman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany-Jane Evans
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingqin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Research Unit for Schizophrenia Epidemiology, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Kolshus E, Dalton VS, Ryan KM, McLoughlin DM. When less is more--microRNAs and psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:241-56. [PMID: 23952691 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, including genes involved in neuronal function and plasticity that have relevance for brain function and mental health. We therefore performed a systematic review of miRNAs in general adult psychiatric disorders. METHOD Systematic searches in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science were conducted to identify published clinical articles on microRNAs in general adult psychiatric disorders. We also reviewed references from included articles. RESULTS There is mounting evidence of microRNAs' regulatory roles in a number of central nervous system processes, including neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The majority of clinical studies of microRNAs in psychiatric disorders are in schizophrenia, where a number of specific microRNAs have been identified in separate studies. There is some evidence of marked downregulation of some microRNAs in affective disorders. Treatment with antidepressants appears to upregulate microRNA levels. There is currently little evidence from human studies in anxiety, addiction or other psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION MicroRNA research in psychiatry is currently in a nascent period, but represents an emerging and exciting area, with the potential to clarify molecular mechanisms of disease and identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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