101
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Enhancing anaerobic syntrophic propionate degradation using modified polyvinyl alcohol gel beads. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05665. [PMID: 33319110 PMCID: PMC7725729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads serve as effective anaerobic microbe immobilization carriers. PVA beads were mixed with different conductive materials, activated carbon, magnetite, and green tuff stone powder. In this study, modified PVA beads were used to investigate the effect of using, promote methane production, and enhance direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) on the anaerobic syntrophic degradation of propionate, which is an essential intermediate process for generating methane in anaerobic digesters. The batch experiment showed that PVA mixed with activated carbon had the highest methane conversion rate of 72%, whereas the rates for control (sludge) was 61%. Moreover, the lag time during the second and third feedings was shorter by 5-fold than for the first feeding when modified PVA beads were added. The syntrophic propionate degrading microorganisms in the modified PVA beads was Syntrophobacter and Methanobacterium, either Methanoculleus or Methanosaeta. The modified PVA beads hold at least 10 times larger syntrophs than normal PVA. Therefore, composite PVA with conductive materials can promote methane production, accelerate propionate consumption, and enhance electron transfer in related microbial species.
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102
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Rapid Two Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Nejayote through Microaeration and Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn is one of the main food products in Mexico. The elaboration of corn-derived products generates wastewater with a high organic load (nejayote). Anaerobic digestion is an indicated treatment for wastewater with high organic loads. The results of this study show that the application of microaeration in the hydrolysis-fermentative reactor increased the percentage of volatile fatty acids (VFA) available in the medium by 62%. The addition of a conductive material, such as granulated activated carbon (GAC), promotes DIET (Direct interspecies electrons transfer) in the methanogenic UASB reactor increasing the methane yield by 55%. Likewise, a great diversity of exoelectrogenic bacteria, with the ability to donate electrons DIET mechanisms, were developed in the GAC biofilm, though interestingly, Peptoclostridium and Clostridium (17.3% and 12.75%, respectively) were detected with a great abundance in the GAC biofilm. Peptoclostridium has not been previously reported as a participant in DIET process.
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103
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Yin Q, Gu M, Wu G. Inhibition mitigation of methanogenesis processes by conductive materials: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:123977. [PMID: 32799079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenesis can be promoted by the addition of conductive materials. Although stimulating effects of conductive materials on methane (CH4) production has been extensively reported, the crucial roles on recovering methanogenic activities under inhibitory conditions have not been systematically discussed. This critical review presents the current findings on the effects of conductive materials in methanogenic systems under volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia, sulfate, and nano-cytotoxicity stressed conditions. Conductive materials induce fast VFAs degradation, avoiding VFAs accumulation during anaerobic digestion. Under high ammonia concentrations, conductive materials may ensure sufficient energy conservation for methanogens to maintain intracellular pH and proton balance. When encountering the competition of sulfate-reducing bacteria, conductive materials can benefit electron competitive capability of methanogens, recovering CH4 production activity. Conductive nanomaterials stimulate the excretion of extracellular polymeric substances, which can prevent cells from nano-cytotoxicity. Future perspectives about unraveling mitigation mechanisms induced by conductive materials in methanogenesis processes are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Yin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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104
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Pagés-Díaz J, Huiliñir C. Valorization of the liquid fraction of co-hydrothermal carbonization of mixed biomass by anaerobic digestion: Effect of the substrate to inoculum ratio and hydrochar addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:123989. [PMID: 32799085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of the liquid fractions (LFs) of co-hydrothermally treated mixed biomass (sewage sludge (SS) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW)) was evaluated. The impact of SS + MSW-hydrochar was also studied at different hydrochar concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ghydrochar/L), in two of the LFs studied. The SIR had a significant impact on methane yield (YCH4) and organic matter degradation, with low methane production (4-44 NmLCH4/g tCODadded) observed for all LFs at SIR = 1:3. Hydrochar significantly improved YCH4 and specific methane production rate. Compared with the AD without hydrochar, the YCH4 improved up to 1.95 times at 15 g/L. Hydrochar doses from 1 to 10 g/L shortened the lag phase, while higher concentrations (15 to 25 g/L) showed an increment with respect to the control reactor without hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhosané Pagés-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. B ÓHiggins 3363, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - César Huiliñir
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. B ÓHiggins 3363, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
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105
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Sun WX, Fu SF, Zhu R, Wang ZY, Zou H, Zheng Y. Improved anaerobic digestion efficiency of high-solid sewage sludge by enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer with activated carbon mediator. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123648. [PMID: 32563791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-solid anaerobic digestion (AD) faces the problems of easy acidification and low methane production efficiency. In this study, activated carbon (AC)-enhanced direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) was investigated to overcome such problems. Results showed the conversion of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into methane rate was increased with AC addition, which led improved methane production efficiency. The methane yields from the early AD stage improved by 124.0-146.3% with AC addition. The T80 shortened by 8-9 days with AC addition. The relative abundances of Geobacter, Syntrophomonas and Methanosaeta that associated with DIET improved for 63.65%, 256.3% and 4.35% by AC addition, which reflected the enhanced DIET with AC addition. The redox activity of AC might be responsible for the enhanced DIET. This study would advance the understanding of DIET and provide a potential solution to the problems existed in high-solid AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Sun
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Shan-Fei Fu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Rong Zhu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 101C BIVAP, 1980 Kimball Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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106
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Ma J, Wei H, Su Y, Gu W, Wang B, Xie B. Powdered activated carbon facilitates methane productivity of anaerobic co-digestion via acidification alleviating: Microbial and metabolic insights. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123706. [PMID: 32585453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low methanogenic efficiency caused by excess acidification is a challenge during anaerobic digestion. This study indicated that both granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) promoted the start-up of methanogenesis and methane output in anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and fruit-vegetable waste. Moreover, PAC performed better than GAC. Specifically, the highest cumulative methane yield and shortest lag phase were observed in 5 g/L PAC and 10 g/L PAC group, 22.0% higher and 62.5% shorter than that without activated carbon supplementation, respectively. PAC facilitated the methane productivity by effectively accelerating volatile fatty acids (VFAs) consumption and thereby alleviating acidification. Syntrophic VFAs oxidizing bacteria (Gelria and Syntrophomonas) and direct interspecies electron transfer related microorganisms (Geobacter and Methanosarcina) were remarkably enriched by PAC. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis showed that both PAC and GAC might facilitate the electron transfer between microbes by acting as the electrical bridge and enhance both hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huawei Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Binghan Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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107
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Wang Y, Wei W, Wu SL, Ni BJ. Zerovalent Iron Effectively Enhances Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Production from Waste Activated Sludge through Improving Sludge Biodegradability and Electron Transfer Efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10904-10915. [PMID: 32867479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel zerovalent iron (ZVI) technique to simultaneously improve the production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) and enhance WAS degradation during anaerobic WAS fermentation was proposed in this study. Experimental results showed that the production and selectivity of MCFAs were effectively promoted when ZVI was added at 1-20 g/L. The maximum MCFAs production of 15.4 g COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/L and MCFAs selectivity of 71.7% were both achieved at 20 g/L ZVI, being 5.3 and 4.8 times that without ZVI (2.9 g COD/L and 14.9%). Additionally, ZVI also promoted WAS degradation, which increased from 0.61 to 0.96 g COD/g VS when ZVI increased from 0 to 20 g/L. The microbial community analysis revealed that the ZVI increased the populations of key anaerobes related to hydrolysis, acidification, and chain elongation. Correspondingly, the solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification processes of WAS were revealed to be improved by ZVI, thereby providing more substrates (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)) for producing MCFAs. The mechanism studies showed that ZVI declined the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), creating a more favorable environment for the anaerobic biological processes. More importantly, ZVI with strong conductivity could act as an electron shuttle, contributing to increasing electron transfer efficiency from electron donor to acceptor. This strategy provides a new paradigm of transforming waste sludge into assets by a low-cost waste to bring significant economic benefits to sludge disposal and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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108
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Ma H, Hu Y, Kobayashi T, Xu KQ. The role of rice husk biochar addition in anaerobic digestion for sweet sorghum under high loading condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00515. [PMID: 32817843 PMCID: PMC7424216 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rick husk biochar addition mitigated the pH decrease during high load sorghum AD. 20 g/L biochar addition reduced the peak total VFA by 375 mg/L at F/M ratio of 1.2. Maximum methane production rate was increased by 25 % with 15 g/L biochar addition. Lag phase time was decreased by 45 % with 15 g/L biochar addition.
Biochar is a carbon rich product made from the biomass pyrolysis process. Recently, biochar addition in anaerobic digestion processes has attracted attention for its possible functions to act as pH stabilizing agent, microbial carrier, and interspecies electron transfer. In this study, the effects of rice husk biochar addition in sorghum anaerobic digestion were investigated in batch tests. Under high F/M (food to microorganism) ratio conditions, obvious pH decreases and volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation was observed. Addition of 15 g/L biochar was found effective to increase the sorghum maximum methane production rate by 25 % and shorten the lag phase time by 44 %. Further biochar concentration increase showed little effects. Alkalinity increase brought by biochar addition contributed to the performance enhancement. Moreover, the promotive effects of biochar addition on degradation of acetic acid, propionic and butyric acid were not obvious under neutral pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yong Hu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- Corresponding authors at: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Kai-Qin Xu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- Fujian Ospring Technology Development Co., Ltd., No. 22 Jinrong North Road Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Corresponding authors at: Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
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109
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Abstract
The increasing quantity of biowaste generation and the requirements governing their ultimate disposal are of serious economic and environmental concern [...]
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110
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Pytlak A, Kasprzycka A, Szafranek-Nakonieczna A, Grządziel J, Kubaczyński A, Proc K, Onopiuk P, Walkiewicz A, Polakowski C, Gałązka A, Lalak-Kańczugowska J, Stępniewska Z, Bieganowski A. Biochar addition reinforces microbial interspecies cooperation in methanation of sugar beet waste (pulp). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138921. [PMID: 32388369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production and microbial community structure were analyzed as an effect of biochar addition to a fermentation sludge containing sugar beet pulp. Positive effects of the treatment including an increase in process efficiency and better biogas quality were noted. The effect of biochar on AD (anaerobic digestion process) microbial communities was investigated after total DNA extraction from biochar-amended fermentation mixtures by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments and Illumina amplicon sequencing. A combination of microbiological and physico-chemical analyses was used to study the mechanism by which biochar influences the process of anaerobic digestion of sugar beep pulp. It was found that the main reason of the changes in biogas production was the reshaping of the microbial communities, in particular enrichment of Bacteroidales and Clostridiales. It was proposed that biochar, in addition to being a conductor for mediating interspecies electron transfer, serves also as a habitat for hydrolytic bacteria. It was elucidated that the main driving force for the preferential colonization of biochar surfaces is its hydrophobicity. The presented research indicates the high potential of biochar to stimulate the methane fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pytlak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kasprzycka
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grządziel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Adam Kubaczyński
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Proc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Onopiuk
- Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Walkiewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Polakowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zofia Stępniewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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111
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Jia B, Yun S, Shi J, Han F, Wang Z, Chen J, Abbas Y, Xu H, Wang K, Xing T. Enhanced anaerobic mono- and co-digestion under mesophilic condition: Focusing on the magnetic field and Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123450. [PMID: 32388352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing anaerobic digestion performance is highly desired for its large-scale application. In the present work, magnetic fields (0-30 mT) and Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives (Ti-1 and Ti-2) are simultaneously introduced in anaerobic mono-digestion and co-digestions. Compared with the control group, the Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives increase the biogas yield by 27.12%-65.53% for mono-digestion and 8.47%-35.89% for co-digestion systems under the optimized magnetic field intensity (5 mT), respectively. Meanwhile, the degradation rate of total chemical oxygen demand is 54.68%-69.14% for anaerobic mono-digestion and 53.03%-78.25% for anaerobic co-digestion with Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives, respectively. The digestate with Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives exhibits the remarkable stability (45.24%-53.17%) and fertility (4.85%-4.97%). This work clarifies the effect of magnetic field in AD system, and proposes a possible mechanism for understanding the enhanced methanogenesis pathways induced by Ti-sphere core-shell structured additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Feng Han
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Jiageng Chen
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Yasir Abbas
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Tian Xing
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
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112
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Kaur G, Johnravindar D, Wong JWC. Enhanced volatile fatty acid degradation and methane production efficiency by biochar addition in food waste-sludge co-digestion: A step towards increased organic loading efficiency in co-digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123250. [PMID: 32244132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of biochar addition to mitigate VFA accumulation and enhance methane production in mesophilic food waste/sludge co-digestion. Different types of biochar derived from agricultural and forestry residues at two pyrolysis temperatures were tested. Results showed that wheat straw biochar 550 °C supported the highest specific methane yield of 381.9 LCH4/kg VSadded and VS removal efficiency of 41.62% among all treatments. Degradation of propionic acid and long-chain fatty acids such as valeric, caproic and isovaleric acids was observed. This also corresponded to an increase in methanogenic favorable substrates including acetic acid (>40%) and butyric acid (~20%) over the control. Consequently, a 24% increase in overall methane production was obtained as compared to control. This demonstrated that biochar addition had positive effects on VFA degradation and methane production which could be a useful strategy to increase the organic loading in co-digestions without the fear of process failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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113
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Microbiological evaluation of nano-Fe3O4/GO enhanced the micro-aerobic activate sludge system for the treatment of mid-stage pulping effluent. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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114
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Wei W, Guo W, Ngo HH, Mannina G, Wang D, Chen X, Liu Y, Peng L, Ni BJ. Enhanced high-quality biomethane production from anaerobic digestion of primary sludge by corn stover biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123159. [PMID: 32182472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted batch and continuous tests to reveal the feasibility of corn stover biochar on improving anaerobic digestion of primary sludge (PS). Dosing biochar (1.82, 2.55 and 3.06 g/g Total Solids (TS)) in digester improved methane content increasing from 67.5% to 81.3-87.3% and enhanced methane production by 8.6-17.8%. Model analysis indicated that biochar accelerated PS hydrolysis and enhanced methane potential of PS. The mechanistic studies showed that biochar enhanced process stability provided by strong buffering capacity and alleviated NH3 inhibition. In continuous test over 116 days, the volatile solids (VS) destruction in the biochar-dosed digester increased by 14.9%, resulting in a 14% reduction in the volume of digestate for disposal. Biochar changed microbial community in an expected direction for anaerobic digestion. This work suggests that biochar technology would apply to co-digestion of WAS and PS to maximize the energy recovery and sludge reduction from the two sludge streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
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115
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Liu J, Liu T, Chen S, Yu H, Zhang Y, Quan X. Enhancing anaerobic digestion in anaerobic integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (An-IFFAS) system using novel electron mediator suspended biofilm carriers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115697. [PMID: 32172053 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Suspended biofilm carriers mediating direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET)-based syntrophic metabolism is a promising strategy to enhance anaerobic digestion and methane production by associating the advantages of conductive suspended biofilm carriers and anaerobic integrated floating fixed-film and activated sludge (An-IFFAS) process. However, the current knowledge of DIET using conductive suspended biofilm carrier is still limited. In this study, novel electron mediator suspended biofilm carriers had been prepared by introducing a series of graphite powders (3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt%) into high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and applied in An-IFFAS reactors. Results showed that An-IFFAS reactors filled with graphite-modified carriers could enhance the degradation of organic matters and the production of methane significantly in comparison with the control reactor filled with conventional HDPE carriers at organic loading rates (OLRs) of 5.9-23.7 kg COD/m3/d. Microbial analysis proved that 7 wt% graphite-modified carrier improved approximately 4.2% abundance of Geobacter and 7.3% abundance of electrotrophic methanogens (Methanothrix) that exchange electron via DIET comparing with that of HDPE carriers, respectively. These findings demonstrated that electron mediator suspended biofilm carrier was able to potentially proceed DIET and enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion and recover CH4-related energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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116
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Ren S, Usman M, Tsang DCW, O-Thong S, Angelidaki I, Zhu X, Zhang S, Luo G. Hydrochar-Facilitated Anaerobic Digestion: Evidence for Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer Mediated through Surface Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5755-5766. [PMID: 32259430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is crucial to achieving energy-efficient recycling of organic wastes. Hydrochar is produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, yet its application in the AD process is rarely reported. The present study showed that sewage sludge-derived hydrochar (SH) enhanced the methane production rate of glucose by 37%. SH increased the methane production rate from acetate but did not affect acidification and the methane production rate from H2/CO2. SH enhanced hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which could be due to direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) by converting H+, e-, and CO2 to methane. Trichococcus and Methanosaeta were dominant in the AD process with SH. Label-free proteomic analysis showed Methanosaeta was involved in DIET as reflected by the up-regulation of proteins involved in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Hydrochars derived from corn straw (CH), Enteromorpha algae (EH), and poplar wood (PH), as well as activated carbon (AC), were also tested in the AD process. SH, CH, and EH obviously increased the methane production rates, which were 39%, 15%, and 20% higher than the control experiment, respectively. It was neither electrical conductivity nor the total redox property of hydrochars and AC but the abundances of surface oxygen-containing functional groups that correlated to the methane production rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phathalung, 93110, Thailand
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Xu R, Jia M, Cao J, Xiong W. Effects of different conductive nanomaterials on anaerobic digestion process and microbial community of sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:123016. [PMID: 32078907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of four conductive nanomaterials (nano-carbon powder, nano-Al2O3, nano-ZnO, nano-CuO) on sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) performance and microbial community were investigated through a 36-day fermentation experiment. Results showed that biogas production enhanced by 16.9% and 23.4% with nano-carbon powder and nano-Al2O3 added but decreased by 90.2% and 17.3% with nano-ZnO and nano-CuO. Total solids (TS) removal efficiency was increased by 38.73% and 27.11% with nano-carbon powder and nano-Al2O3 added but decreased by 70.67% and 43.70% with nano-ZnO and nano-CuO. Kinetic analysis indicated four conductive nanomaterials could shorten the lag phase of AD sludge with an average rate of 51.75%. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing results demonstrated microbes such as Syntrophomonas and Methanosaeta were enriched in nano-carbon powder and nano-Al2O3 reactors. However, microbial community diversity and richness were both inhibited by adding nano-ZnO and nano-CuO. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that genera belong to Firmicutes and Chloroflexi could conduce to methanogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yinping Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science Technology, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Meiying Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiao Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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118
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Zhang D, Li Y, Sun A, Tong S, Jiang X, Mu Y, Li J, Han W, Sun X, Wang L, Shen J. Optimization ofS/Fe ratio for enhanced nitrobenzene biological removal in anaerobicSystem amended withSulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125832. [PMID: 31931312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) can be efficiently enhanced bySupplementing withSulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI). In thisStudy,S/Fe ratio ofS-nZVI was further optimized for enhancing biological NB removal in anaerobicSystem amended withS-nZVI and inoculated by anaerobicSludge. The results indicated that the performance andStability of the coupled anaerobicSystem for NB reduction and aniline formation were remarkably improved byS-nZVI atS/Fe molar ratio of 0.3 (0.3S-nZVI). TheSecretion of extracellular polymericSubstances (EPS), transformation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), yield of methane and activity ofSeveral key enzymes could be efficiently improved by 0.3S-nZVI. Furthermore,Species related to NB reduction, fermentation, electroactivity and methanogenesis could be enriched in 0.3S-nZVI coupled anaerobicSystem, with remarkable improvement in the biodiversity observed. ThisStudy demonstrated thatSulfidation would be a promising method to improve the performance of nZVI in coupled anaerobicSystems for the removal of recalcitrant nitroaromatic compounds from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and EnvironmentalSciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Aiwu Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaiyin, 223001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siqi Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University ofScience and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University ofScience and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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119
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Yin Q, Gu M, Hermanowicz SW, Hu H, Wu G. Potential interactions between syntrophic bacteria and methanogens via type IV pili and quorum-sensing systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105650. [PMID: 32182450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies electron transfer plays an important role in syntrophic methanogenesis. Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between syntrophic oxidizers and methanogens via conductive pili has been only confirmed in some specific co-cultures. This study examined potential syntrophic cooperation via type IV pili and quorum sensing between widespread syntrophic bacteria and methanogens through a metagenomic analysis of 12 anaerobic sludge samples. We found that Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina, which are reported to have DIET ability, were dominant in most methanogenic samples. Putative conductive pili genes were found in some typical syntrophic bacteria, which has rarely been reported previously. The existence of diverse quorum-sensing genes suggested that various quorum-sensing systems might participate in the communication of anaerobic microorganisms. Specifically, the diffusible signal factor and 3'-5' cyclic diguanosine monophosphate related genes were mainly assigned to syntrophic bacteria. These results suggest that the combined regulation of these signals might be responsible for the biosynthesis of type IV pili and affect syntrophic interaction during methanogenesis. These novel results provide fresh evidence to support the widespread existence of DIET in anaerobic methanogenic systems; therefore, regulating the quorum-sensing system may promote syntrophic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Yin
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Slawomir W Hermanowicz
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hongying Hu
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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120
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Nozhevnikova AN, Russkova YI, Litti YV, Parshina SN, Zhuravleva EA, Nikitina AA. Syntrophy and Interspecies Electron Transfer in Methanogenic Microbial Communities. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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121
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Abstract
Since the observation of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in anaerobic mixed cultures in 2010s, the topic “DIET-stimulation” has been the main route to enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) under harsh conditions, such as high organic loading rate (OLR) and the toxicants’ presence. In this review article, we tried to answer three main questions: (i) What are the merits and strategies for DIET stimulation? (ii) What are the consequences of stimulation? (iii) What is the mechanism of action behind the impact of this stimulation? Therefore, we introduced DIET history and recent relevant findings with a focus on the theoretical advantages. Then, we reviewed the most recent articles by categorizing how DIET reaction was stimulated by adding conductive material (CM) and/or applying external voltage (EV). The emphasis was made on the enhanced performance (yield and/or production rate), CM type, applied EV, and mechanism of action for each stimulation strategy. In addition, we explained DIET-caused changes in microbial community structure. Finally, future perspectives and practical limitations/chances were explored in detail. We expect this review article will provide a better understanding for DIET pathway in AD and encourage further research development in a right direction.
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122
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Lu JS, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Adding carbon-based materials on anaerobic digestion performance: A mini-review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122696. [PMID: 31928924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion is the adopted to remediate the pollutant and extract the bioenergy from the waste during the treatment. Effects of adding carbon-based materials on enhancement of digestion performance are studied in literature. This paper provided a mini review on the current research efforts on the traditional view on the cytotoxicity of carbon-based materials to the aquatic microorganisms and the novel "adding carbon-based material strategy" for improving the anaerobic digestion performances. The further research needs for comprehending the interactions between the added carbon materials, the substrates and the microorganisms and the impacts of adopting these additives on full-scale operations were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shun Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Technology and Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
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123
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Bueno-López JI, Nguyen CH, Rangel-Mendez JR, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA, Cervantes FJ. Effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenesis. Biodegradation 2020; 31:35-45. [PMID: 32112297 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways of methanogenesis by an anaerobic consortium. The results showed that GO negatively affected the hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic pathways at a concentration of 300 mg/L, causing a decrease of ~ 38% on the maximum specific methanogenic activity (MMA) with respect to the controls lacking GO. However, the presence of rGO (300 mg/L) promoted an improvement of the MMA (> 45%) achieved with all substrates, except for the hydrogenotrophic pathway, which was relatively insensitive to rGO. The presence of either rGO or GO enhanced the methylotrophic pathway and resulted in an increase of the MMA of up to 55%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that GO underwent microbial reduction during the incubation period. Electrons derived from substrates oxidation were deviated from methanogenesis towards the reduction of GO, which may explain the MMA decreased observed in the presence of GO. Furthermore, XPS evidence indicated that the extent of GO reduction depended on the metabolic pathway triggered by a given substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iván Bueno-López
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a, Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chi H Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - J Rene Rangel-Mendez
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a, Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - James A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Francisco J Cervantes
- Laboratory for Research On Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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124
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Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion System of Municipal Solid Waste by Utilizing Microaeration and Granular Activated Carbon. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In an anaerobic digestion (AD) process, the hydrolysis phase is often limited when substrates with high concentrations of solids are used. We hypothesized that applying micro-aeration in the hydrolysis phase and the application of granular activated carbon (GAC) in the methanogenesis phase could make the AD process more efficient. A packed bed reactor (PBR) coupled with an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was conducted, and its effects on methane generation were evaluated. The micro-aeration rate applied in PBR was 254 L-air/kg-Total solids (TS)-d was compared with a control reactor. Micro-aeration showed that it reduced the hydrolysis time and increased the organic matter solubilization as chemical oxygen demand (COD) increasing 200%, with a volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increment higher than 300%, compared to the control reactor (without aeration). Our findings revealed that the implementations of microaeration and GAC in the two-phase AD system could enhance methane production by reducing hydrolysis time, increasing solid waste solubilization.
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125
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Pan C, Fu X, Lu W, Ye R, Guo H, Wang H, Chusov A. Effects of conductive carbon materials on dry anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: Process and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121339. [PMID: 31593864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dry anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (SS-DAD) is often inhibited by excessive acidification due to low water content and high organic loading. The effects of conductive carbon materials including powdered activated carbon (PAC) and powdered graphite (PG) on SS-DAD under mesophilic condition (35℃) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of PAC increased methane production of SS-DAD. The methane yield of PAC50% reactor (dosage of PAC is 50% of the volatile solids) amounted to 210 mL·gVSadded-1, which is 49% higher than that of control. PAC addition significantly enhanced the biodegradation process, as the reduction rate of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were increased by 36.4% and 34.1%, respectively, compared to the control. Inhibitory substrate adsorption experiments showed that PAC has significant adsorption (13.6 mg g-1) for VFAs, while PG showed almost no adsorption (0.81 mg g-1). Microbial community structure analysis showed hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera) were reduced in the PAC50% reactor, while methanogens (Methanobacterium) which can also use formate as electron donor were increased. PAC amendment reshaped the microbial community in the SS-DAD system which may result in shifting of the major electron carrier from hydrogen to formate and increasing electron transfer efficiency of the SS-DAD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xindi Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rong Ye
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanwen Guo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aleksandr Chusov
- Civil Engineering Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, 195251, Russia
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Wu Y, Wang S, Liang D, Li N. Conductive materials in anaerobic digestion: From mechanism to application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122403. [PMID: 31761622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective strategy combined advantages of maintaining the global carbon flux and efficient energy conversion. Various conductive materials (CMs) have been applied in anaerobic digesters to improve the performance of anaerobic fermentation and methanogenesis, including carbon-based CMs and metal-based CMs. Generally, CMs facilitated the AD thermodynamically and kinetically because they triggered more efficient syntrophic metabolism to increase electron capture capability and accelerate reaction rate as well as enhance the performance of AD stages (hydrolysis-acidification, methanogenesis). Besides, adding CMs into anaerobic digester is benefit to dealing with the deteriorating AD, which induced from temperature variation, acidified working condition, higher H2 partial pressure, etc. However, few CMs exhibited inhibition on AD, including ferrihydrite, magnesium oxide, silver nanoparticles and carbon black. Inhibition comes from a series of complex factors, such as substrate competition, direct inhibition from Fe(III), Fe(III) reduction of methanogens, toxic effects to microorganisms and mass transfer limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Danhui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Walker DJF, Nevin KP, Holmes DE, Rotaru AE, Ward JE, Woodard TL, Zhu J, Ueki T, Nonnenmann SS, McInerney MJ, Lovley DR. Syntrophus conductive pili demonstrate that common hydrogen-donating syntrophs can have a direct electron transfer option. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:837-846. [PMID: 31896792 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Syntrophic interspecies electron exchange is essential for the stable functioning of diverse anaerobic microbial communities. Hydrogen/formate interspecies electron transfer (HFIT), in which H2 and/or formate function as diffusible electron carriers, has been considered to be the primary mechanism for electron transfer because most common syntrophs were thought to lack biochemical components, such as electrically conductive pili (e-pili), necessary for direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Here we report that Syntrophus aciditrophicus, one of the most intensively studied microbial models for HFIT, produces e-pili and can grow via DIET. Heterologous expression of the putative S. aciditrophicus type IV pilin gene in Geobacter sulfurreducens yielded conductive pili of the same diameter (4 nm) and conductance of the native S. aciditrophicus pili and enabled long-range electron transport in G. sulfurreducens. S. aciditrophicus lacked abundant c-type cytochromes often associated with DIET. Pilin genes likely to yield e-pili were found in other genera of hydrogen/formate-producing syntrophs. The finding that DIET is a likely option for diverse syntrophs that are abundant in many anaerobic environments necessitates a reexamination of the paradigm that HFIT is the predominant mechanism for syntrophic electron exchange within anaerobic microbial communities of biogeochemical and practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J F Walker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.,Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kelly P Nevin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Physical and Biological Science, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Amelia-Elena Rotaru
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joy E Ward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Trevor L Woodard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ueki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephen S Nonnenmann
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Michael J McInerney
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Derek R Lovley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The microbiome residing in anaerobic digesters drives the anaerobic digestion (AD) process to convert various feedstocks to biogas as a renewable source of energy. This microbiome has been investigated in numerous studies in the last century. The early studies used cultivation-based methods and analysis to identify the four guilds (or functional groups) of microorganisms. Molecular biology techniques overcame the limitations of cultivation-based methods and allowed the identification of unculturable microorganisms, revealing the high diversity of microorganisms involved in AD. In the past decade, omics technologies, including metataxonomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metametabolomics, have been or start to be used in comprehensive analysis and studies of biogas-producing microbiomes. In this chapter, we reviewed the utilities and limitations of these analysis methods, techniques, and technologies when they were used in studies of biogas-producing microbiomes, as well as the new information on diversity, composition, metabolism, and syntrophic interactions of biogas-producing microbiomes. We also discussed the current knowledge gaps and the research needed to further improve AD efficiency and stability.
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129
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Xu H, Chang J, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liang P, Huang X. Enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer in syntrophic-methanogenic associations with (semi)conductive iron oxides: Effects and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133876. [PMID: 31756846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an effective biological treatment process that produces methane by degrading organic compounds in waste/wastewater. It is a complicated microbial process by metabolic interactions among different types of microorganisms. In this process, efficient interspecies electron transfer between secondary fermenting bacteria and methanogens is the critical process for fast and effective methanogenesis. In syntrophic metabolism, hydrogen or formate has been considered as the conventional electron carrier transferring electrons from secondary fermenting bacteria to hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Recently, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) without the involvement of dissolved redox mediators is arousing great concerns and has been regarded as a more efficient and thermodynamically favorable interspecies electron transfer pathway for methanogenesis. Interspecies electron exchange through DIET is accomplished via the membrane-bound cytochromes or conductive pili. Several kinds of exogenously-added conductive or semiconductive iron oxides have been discovered to greatly enhance anaerobic methanogenesis through promoting DIET. Different (semi)conductive iron oxides give a boost to DIET through different mechanisms based on the physicochemical properties of the iron oxides and the reciprocal interactions between iron oxides and functional microorganisms. In this review, the current understanding of interspecies electron transfer in syntrophic-methanogenic consortions is summarized, the effects and deep-rooted mechanisms of (semi)conductive iron oxides on methanogenesis and DIET are discussed, and possible future perspectives and development directions are suggested for DIET via (semi)conductive iron oxides in anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiali Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yancheng Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Chowdhury B, Lin L, Dhar BR, Islam MN, McCartney D, Kumar A. Enhanced biomethane recovery from fat, oil, and grease through co-digestion with food waste and addition of conductive materials. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124362. [PMID: 31323554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of conductive additives on co-digestion of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and food waste (FW) was evaluated. Initially, biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was conducted for optimization of mixing ratio of FW and FOG. The optimal methane production (800 L (kg VS)-1) was obtained from co-digestion of 70% FW + 30% FOG (w/w), which was 1.2 times and 12 times of that obtained from mono-digestion of FW and FOG, respectively. This optimal mixing ratio was used for subsequent fed-batch studies with the addition of two conductive additives, granular activated carbon (GAC) and magnetite. The addition of GAC significantly shortened the lag phase (from 7 to 3 d), reduced accumulation of various volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and enhanced methane production rate (50-80% increase) compared to the control and magnetite-amended bioreactor. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analysis suggested that the degradation of lipids, protein and carbohydrates was the highest in GAC amended reactor, followed by magnetite and control reactors. GAC addition also enriched more abundant and diverse bacteria and methanogens than control. Magnetite addition also showed similar trends but to a lesser degree. The substantial enrichment of syntrophic LCFA β-oxidizing bacteria (e.g. Syntrophomonas) and methanogenic archaea in the GAC-amended bioreactor likely attributed to the superior methanogenesis kinetics in GAC amended bioreactor. Our findings suggest that the addition of GAC could provide a sustainable strategy to enrich kinetically efficient syntrophic microbiome to favor methanogenesis kinetics in co-digestion of FW and FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappi Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | | | - Daryl McCartney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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131
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Usman M, Hao S, Chen H, Ren S, Tsang DCW, O-Thong S, Luo G, Zhang S. Molecular and microbial insights towards understanding the anaerobic digestion of the wastewater from hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge facilitated by granular activated carbon (GAC). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105257. [PMID: 31675572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge to produce bio-oil and hydro-char unavoidably results in the production of high-strength organic wastewater (HTLWW). However, anaerobic digestion (AD) of HTLWW generally has low conversion efficiency due to the presence of complex and refractory organics. The present study showed that granular activated carbon (GAC) promoted the AD of HTLWW in continuous experiments, resulting in the higher methane yield (259 mL/g COD) compared to control experiment (202 mL/g COD). It was found that GAC increased the activities of both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The molecular transformation of organics in HTLWW was further analyzed. It was shown GAC promoted the degradation of soluble microbial by-products, fulvic- and humic-like substances as revealed by 3-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) analysis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that GAC resulted in the higher degradation of N-heterocyclic compounds, acids and aromatic compounds and less production of new organic species. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis also showed that GAC promoted the degradation of nitrogenous organics. In addition, it was shown that GAC improved the removal of less oxidized, higher nitrogen content, and higher double bond equivalent (DBE) organic compounds. Microbial analysis showed that GAC not only increased the microbial concentration, but also enriched more syntrophic bacteria (e.g., Syntrophorhabdus and Synergistes), which were capable of degrading a wide range of different organics including nitrogenous and aromatic organics. Furthermore, profound effects on the methanogens and the enrichment of Methanothrix instead of Methanosarcina were observed. Overall, the present study revealed the molecular transformation and microbial mechanism in the AD of HTLWW with the presence of GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shilai Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Huihui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phathalung, 93110, Thailand
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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132
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Wu B, Yang Q, Yao F, Chen S, He L, Hou K, Pi Z, Yin H, Fu J, Wang D, Li X. Evaluating the effect of biochar on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge and microbial diversity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122235. [PMID: 31610493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of sewage sludge-derived pyrochar (PC300, PC500, and PC700) and hydrochar (HC180, HC240, and HC300) on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). It was demonstrated that hydrochar can better promote the methane production compared with pyrochar. The highest accumulative methane yield of 132.04 ± 4.41 mL/g VSadded was obtained with HC180 addition. In contrast, the PC500 and PC700 showed a slightly negative effect on methane production. Sludge-derived HC not only accelerated the solubilization and hydrolysis of sludge floc, but also improved the production of acetic acid and propionate, further resulting in improved methane production. Simultaneously, the syntrophic microbes facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) such as Syntrophomonas, Peptococcaceae, Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium bred rapidly with the addition of HCs. These results indicated that the hydrochar is more ideal as the accelerant to promote the methane production from mesophilic anaerobic digestion of WAS than the pyrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Fubing Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shengjie Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhoujie Pi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huanyu Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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133
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Xiao Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wang H, Zheng D, Liu Y, Pu X, Deng L. Improved biogas production of dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122188. [PMID: 31569044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, wrapped granular activated carbon (GAC) and acclimated sludge were employed to enhance the efficiency of the dry anaerobic digestion of swine manure in semi-continuous tests. The addition of wrapped GAC increased the volumetric biogas production rate by 10.6%, and the removal efficiencies of TS and VS were enhanced by 5.3% and 6.6%, respectively. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) was 30.3% lower in the GAC reactor, but the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) content was 15.3% higher. Inoculating with acclimated sludge helped the system survive unfavorable conditions, where the TAN and TVFA contents were around 5,200 mg/L and 8,800 mg/L, respectively, but it failed to improve the biogas production efficiency. The mechanisms that allowed GAC to increase the production of biogas were related to the improved hydrolysis process, enhanced microbial adhesion, the provision of electronic bridges, and enrichment of functional microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Xiao
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Pu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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134
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Ma J, Pan J, Qiu L, Wang Q, Zhang Z. Biochar triggering multipath methanogenesis and subdued propionic acid accumulation during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122026. [PMID: 31449922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The semi-continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of dry chicken manure (DCM) were investigated at the temperature of 35 ± 1 °C with and without biochar. The average specific methane productions of 0.18 L/g VSadded and 0.17 L/g VSadded were achieved without biochar at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.125 and 6.25 g VS/L/d, respectively. An increase of 12% in methane production was obtained in the presence of biochar at the two operational OLRs. Accumulation of propionic acid was observed associating with AD of DCM, which was substantially alleviated by biochar supplement. The buffer capacity of biochar was supposed to develop through strengthening the buffer system established by NH4+ and volatile fatty acids. Methanosarcina that can utilize multiple nutrients for methanogenesis was the dominant archaea in the presence of biochar, while the strictly aceticlastic Methanosaeta was dominant in control digester. These results suggest that biochar enhanced methanogenesis through intensifying its available pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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135
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Lee YJ, Lee DJ. Impact of adding metal nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion performance - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121926. [PMID: 31409520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is the most widely adopted biological waste treatment processes with renewable energy production. The effects of adding metal nanoparticles (NPs) on improving digestion performance are well noted. This paper reviewed the traditional view on the cytotoxicity of NPs to living organisms and the contemporary view of mechanisms for enhancement in anaerobic digestion performance in the presence of metal NPs. The complicated interactions acquire further studies for comprehending the physical and chemical interactions of metal NPs to the constituent compounds and to the living cells, and the involvement of mechanisms such as direct interspecies electron transfer for better design and control of the "NP strategy" for anaerobic digestion performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Technology and Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
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136
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Kang HJ, Lee SH, Lim TG, Park HD. Effect of inoculum concentration on methanogenesis by direct interspecies electron transfer: Performance and microbial community composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121881. [PMID: 31394488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of inoculum concentration on direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) for methanogenesis, batch-type anaerobic bioreactors with different inoculum concentrations were operated with and without supplemented granular activated carbon (GAC). With decrease in inoculum concentration, GAC-supplemented bioreactors showed faster methane production rates and reduced lag times. Geobacter species were specifically enriched on the GAC surfaces under lower inoculum concentration conditions. Together, the relative abundance of aceticlastic methanogens (competitors of Geobacter species for acetate) gradually decreased when the inoculum concentration increased. These results suggested that the specific enrichment of Geobacter species by outcompeting with aceticlastic methanogens through low inoculum concentrations on GAC surfaces accelerated methanogenesis by DIET via GAC in anaerobic bioreactors. Taken together, the results of this study suggested that inoculum concentration is an important factor in stimulating DIET for methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kang
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Guen Lim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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137
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Pan J, Ma J, Zhai L, Luo T, Mei Z, Liu H. Achievements of biochar application for enhanced anaerobic digestion: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122058. [PMID: 31488335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis are two promising technologies used worldwide for waste biomass treatment. Interests on intensification techniques of AD has been increasing to obtain sufficient and sustainable methane production with stable digester performance. For instance, considerable attention has been devoted to the coupling of AD with biochar, which is produced by biomass thermochemical conversion. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review about recent achievements in enhancing AD efficiency with the utilization of biochar. The key roles of biochar include enhancing and equilibrating hydrolysis, acidogenesis-acetogenesis, and methanogenesis, as well as alleviating inhibitor stress were summarized. Biochar can promote biomethane process mainly by serving as a provision for bioelectrical connections between fermentative bacteria and methanogens, a support for microbial colonies, and a reinforcer for buffer capacity. Through an overview of the early applications, this paper aims to pinpoint the potential mechanism and future explorative directions of biochar enhancing AD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Junyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China; College of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, PR China
| | - Limei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture (BIOMA), 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zili Mei
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture (BIOMA), 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
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138
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García‐Ruíz MJ, Castellano‐Hinojosa A, Armato C, González‐Martínez A, González‐López J, Osorio F. Biogas production and microbial community structure in a stable‐stage of a two‐stage anaerobic digester. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J. García‐Ruíz
- Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva University of Granada Granada Spain
| | | | - Caterina Armato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Torino Italy
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT@PoliTo) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Torino Italy
| | | | | | - Francisco Osorio
- Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva University of Granada Granada Spain
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139
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Zakaria BS, Dhar BR. Progress towards catalyzing electro-methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion process: Fundamentals, process optimization, design and scale-up considerations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121738. [PMID: 31300305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electro-methanogenesis represents an emerging bio-methane production pathway that can be achieved through integrating microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) with conventional anaerobic digester (AD). Since 2009, a significant number of publications have reported superior methane productivity and kinetics from MEC-AD integrated systems. The overall objective of this review is to communicate the recent advances towards promoting electro-methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process. Firstly, the electro-methanogenesis pathways and functional roles of key microbial members are summarized. Secondly, various extrinsic process parameters, such as applied voltage/potential, pH, and temperature are discussed with emphasis on process optimization. Moreover, available methods for the inoculation and start-up of MEC-AD process are critically reviewed. Finally, system design and scale-up considerations, such as the selection of electrode materials, surface area and surface chemistry of electrode materials, and electrode spacing are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem S Zakaria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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140
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Li D, Song L, Fang H, Li P, Teng Y, Li YY, Liu R, Niu Q. Accelerated bio-methane production rate in thermophilic digestion of cardboard with appropriate biochar: Dose-response kinetic assays, hybrid synergistic mechanism, and microbial networks analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121782. [PMID: 31326650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of biochar on the thermophilic digestion of mono-cardboard was investigated. Compared with control group (T0), the maximum rate of biomethane production was significantly improved after the addition of biochar, especially, it has been improved by 40.6% in T1 (0.77 g/gTS sludge) with the methane production of 89.28 mL/gVS. Also, the addition of biochar improved the efficiency of acidogenesis and acetogenesis. However, adverse effects were observed with the biomethane production decreased by 33.98% and the lag phase extended by 35 h in T5 (3.86 g/gTS sludge). Especially, the results showed that the adsorption of biochar played important roles in digestion. In addition, acetoclastic Methanosaeta which considered to be involved in interspecific electron transfer (IET) was enriched after biochar added and the highest diversity of acetogens was obtained in T1. Oppositely, microbial networks analysis showed that the excessive biochar may destroy the diversity of microorganism drastically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Liuying Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Hongli Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China.
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141
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Kaur G, Luo L, Chen G, Wong JWC. Integrated food waste and sewage treatment - A better approach than conventional food waste-sludge co-digestion for higher energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121698. [PMID: 31260933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a new treatment approach involving both food waste disposal and sewerage treatment called MOWFAST i.e. Municipal Organic Waste management by combined Food waste disposal and Sewerage Treatment. MOWFAST involves mixing of food waste directly with raw sewage instead of separate addition to sludge and their combined anaerobic digestion (AD). Compared to conventional sludge digestion, MOWFAST exhibited better digestion capability and allowed a greater degradation of organic material along with higher production of methanogenic-favourable products from the beginning of digestion. This resulted in producing higher specific methane yields (7.86 LCH4/kg VSadded versus 0.95 LCH4/kg VSadded) and 1.4-fold higher cumulative methane yield over sludge AD. Furthermore, compared with conventional food waste-sludge co-digestion, MOWFAST gave higher solubilization of organic material (0.82 g sCOD/g VSadded versus 0.23 g sCOD/g VSadded) and specific methane yields (7.86 LCH4/kg VSadded versus 3.2 LCH4/kg VSadded). This proves its feasibility for digestion and methane generation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Liwen Luo
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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142
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Xu R, Xiang Y, Jia M, Hu J, Zheng Y, Xiong W, Cao J. Enhanced mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste sludge with the iron nanoparticles addition and kinetic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:124-133. [PMID: 31129323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the functional material, iron nanoparticles effectively promote anaerobic digestion (AD) process, including the hydrolysis-acidification process and the biogas production. In this study, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were added to AD reactors respectively. The AD process was evaluated by the reactors performances, including pH, biogas yields and compositions, as well as the removal ratio of total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). Three models (first-order kinetic model, transfer function model and Cone model) were used to explore the kinetics of AD biogas production. The results showed that adding appropriate dose of nZVI or Fe3O4 NPs enhanced anaerobic digestibility of sludge. The highest cumulative biogas yield of 140.34 L with 0.5 g L-1 nZVI and 137.13 L with 1 g L-1 Fe3O4 NPs were obtained by the 80 days of mesophilic operation, respectively. Cumulative biogas productions of these two reactors were significantly enhanced up to 15.70% and 13.44%. TS removal rates reached >70% in all AD reactors with iron nanoparticles, and the highest sCOD removal rates of nZVI and Fe3O4 NPs digesters on the 80th day were 88.22% and 77.63%, respectively. The results of the three-day fermentation experiment and the kinetic parameters showed that the nZVI or Fe3O4 NPs enhanced the hydrolysis-acidification process of the AD, which eventually promoted biogas production. The Cone model was satisfied with the experimental results, which could be used to evaluate the kinetics of AD with iron nanoparticles more reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yinping Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Meiying Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - WeiPing Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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143
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A Review of the Chemistry of Anaerobic Digestion: Methods of Accelerating and Optimizing Process Efficiency. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion technology has been in existence for centuries and its underlying theory established for decades. It is considered a useful technology for the generation of renewable energy, and provides means to alleviate problems associated with low access to energy. However, a great deal of current research is targeted towards the optimization of this technology under diverse digestion process conditions. This review presents an in-depth analysis of the chemistry of anaerobic digestion and discusses how process chemistry can be used to optimize system performance through identification of methods that can accelerate syntrophic interactions of different microorganisms for improved methanogenic reactions. Recent advances in addition to old research are discussed in order to offer a general but comprehensive synopsis of accumulated knowledge in the theory of anaerobic digestion, as well as an overview of previous research and future directions and opportunities of the AD technology. Achieving a sustainable energy system requires comprehensive reforms in not just economic, social and policy aspects, but also in all technical aspects, which represents one of the most crucial future investments for anaerobic digestion systems.
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144
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Wang Z, Yun S, Xu H, Wang C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Jia B. Mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of acorn slag waste with dairy manure in a batch digester: Focusing on mixing ratios and bio-based carbon accelerants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121394. [PMID: 31078077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion of acorn slag waste (ASW) and dairy manure (DM) with two bio-based carbon (BC) accelerants are investigated via batch experiments under mesophilic condition. With the favorable synergistic effect of the mixed substrate and BC accelerant, the anaerobic digestion (AD) systems assembled with aloe peel-derived BC (2.16 g/L) show significantly improved methanogenesis on the basis of the optimum wet weight ratio of ASW to DM (1:3). The cumulative biogas yield is 580.9 mL/g VS, and the total chemical oxygen demand reduction is 79.37%. These results are higher than those of the AD systems without carbon-based accelerants. The feasibility of digestate utilization is evaluated by thermal and fertilizer analyses, which manifest outstanding stability and excellent fertility (6.93%-7.40%) of digestate in co-digestion systems. A general strategy for understanding the enhanced methanogenesis pathways, induced by BC in AD systems, is demonstrated. These important findings open an innovative opportunity for developing carbon-based accelerants in anaerobic co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Yangliang Zhang
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Jiageng Chen
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
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145
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Baniamerian H, Isfahani PG, Tsapekos P, Alvarado-Morales M, Shahrokhi M, Vossoughi M, Angelidaki I. Application of nano-structured materials in anaerobic digestion: Current status and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:188-199. [PMID: 31078033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is gaining more attention in biotechnological applications as a research area with a huge potential. Nanoparticles (NPs) can influence the rate of anaerobic digestion (AD) as the nano-sized structures, with specific physicochemical properties, interact with substrate and microorganisms. The present work has classified the various types of additives used to improve the AD processes. Nanomaterials as new additives in AD process are classified into four categories: Zero-valent metallic NPs, Metal oxide NPs, Carbon based nanomaterials, and Multi-compound NPs. In the following, application of nanomaterials in AD process is reviewed and negative and positive effects of these materials on the AD process and subsequently biogas production rate are discussed. This study confirms that design and development of new nano-sized compounds can improve the performances of the AD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baniamerian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK, 2800, Denmark; Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghofrani Isfahani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK, 2800, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK, 2800, Denmark
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Shahrokhi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9465, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK, 2800, Denmark.
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146
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Huang W, Yang F, Huang W, Wang D, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Weak magnetic field significantly enhances methane production from a digester supplemented with zero valent iron. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:202-210. [PMID: 30861450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic field (WMF) provided by a magnet was proposed to enhance CH4 production from a swine manure-fed digester supplemented with micron-sized zero valent iron (ZVI). Compared to the control without ZVI addition and WMF application (RControl), treatments that included ZVI only (RZVI) and coupled WMF with ZVI (RZVI/WMF) increased the CH4 production by 77.0% and 124.5%, respectively. As evidenced by the elevated levels of total soluble iron, WMF apparently promoted the corrosion of ZVI, providing extra H2 for hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and creating a more reductive environment to reduce propionic-type fermentation. Microbial analysis results revealed that the relative abundance of Methanothrix (capable of accepting electrons) in RZVI/WMF were 75.1% higher than that in RZVI. Essentially, WMF application promoted the direct interspecies electron transfer-based methanogenesis by (1) providing more electrons as the direct substrate, and (2) inducing Lorentz force to facilitate the mass transfer between the released electrons and the methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wenli Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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147
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Van Steendam C, Smets I, Skerlos S, Raskin L. Improving anaerobic digestion via direct interspecies electron transfer requires development of suitable characterization methods. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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148
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Ryue J, Lin L, Liu Y, Lu W, McCartney D, Dhar BR. Comparative effects of GAC addition on methane productivity and microbial community in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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149
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Zeng D, Yin Q, Du Q, Wu G. System performance and microbial community in ethanol-fed anaerobic reactors acclimated with different organic carbon to sulfate ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:34-42. [PMID: 30669029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate influences the organics removal and methanogenic performance during anaerobic wastewater treatment. System performance, microbial community and metabolic pathways in ethanol-fed anaerobic reactors were investigated under different COD/SO42- ratios (2, 1 and 0.67) and control without sulfate addition. The sulfate removal percentages declined (99%, 60% and 49%) with decreasing COD/SO42- ratios, and methanogenesis was completely inhibited. Acetate accumulated to 903-734 mg/L, though propionate was constantly lower than 30 mg/L. Without sulfate, acetate and propionate did not accumulate, despite the extended time for propionate degradation. Incomplete oxidizing sulfate reducing bacteria (Desulfobulbus and Desulfomicrobium) and hydrolysis-acidification genera (Treponema and Bacteroidales) predominated but could not degrade acetate. Desulfobulbus was the key genus for propionate degradation through the pyruvate & propanoate metabolism pathway. Pseudomonas and Desulfobulbus, possessing genes encoding Type IV pili and cytochrome c6 OmcF, respectively, potentially participated in the direct interspecies electron transfer in sulfate-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfei Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qidong Yin
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Du
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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150
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Pan J, Ma J, Liu X, Zhai L, Ouyang X, Liu H. Effects of different types of biochar on the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:258-265. [PMID: 30594835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of different types of biochar on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure. Wheat straw, discarded fruitwood, and air-dried chicken manure were pyrolysed at 350, 450, and 550 °C to generate biochar. A lab-scale batch anaerobic digestion experiment was conducted at 35 ± 1 °C. Substantial improvements in methane production were observed for all nine types of biochar. With the production of 294 mL CH4/g VSadded, fruitwood char pyrolysed at 550 °C increased the methane yield by 69% from the control. Characteristic analysis indicated that fruitwood char pyrolysed at 550 °C exhibited the largest specific surface area and highest total ammonia nitrogen reduction capacity. The buffering capacity of the AD system was improved by the biochar through accelerating the transformation of macromolecular substances to dissolved substrates and reducing the contents of soluble salts, total ammonia nitrogen, and free ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Junyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Environmental Factors Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029 Beijing, PR China
| | - Limei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xihui Ouyang
- Environmental Factors Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029 Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
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