101
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Blanco N, Williams AJ, Tang D, Zhan D, Misaghi S, Kelley RF, Simmons LC. Tailoring translational strength using Kozak sequence variants improves bispecific antibody assembly and reduces product‐related impurities in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1946-1960. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Blanco
- Departments of Cell CultureGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Ambrose J. Williams
- Departments of Purification DevelopmentGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Danming Tang
- Departments of Cell CultureGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Dejin Zhan
- Departments of Cell CultureGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Departments of Cell CultureGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Robert F. Kelley
- Departments of Drug DeliveryGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
| | - Laura C. Simmons
- Departments of Cell CultureGenentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California
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102
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Berger A, Le Fourn V, Masternak J, Regamey A, Bodenmann I, Girod P, Mermod N. Overexpression of transcription factor Foxa1 and target genes remediate therapeutic protein production bottlenecks in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1101-1116. [PMID: 31956982 PMCID: PMC7079004 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research conducted to increase protein production from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, cellular bottlenecks often remain, hindering high yields. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis led to the identification of 32 genes that are consistently upregulated in high producer clones and thus might mediate high productivity. Candidate genes were associated with functions such as signaling, protein folding, cytoskeleton organization, and cell survival. We focused on two engineering targets, Erp27, which binds unfolded proteins and the Erp57 disulfide isomerase in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Foxa1, a pioneering transcription factor involved in organ development. Erp27 moderate overexpression increased production of an easy-to-express antibody, whereas Erp27 and Erp57 co-overexpression increased cell density, viability, and the yield of difficult-to-express proteins. Foxa1 overexpression increased cell density, cell viability, and easy- and difficult-to-express protein yields, whereas it decreased reactive oxygen species late in fed-batch cultures. Foxa1 overexpression upregulated two other candidate genes that increased the production of difficult- and/or easy-to-express proteins, namely Ca3, involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress, and Tagap, involved in signaling and cytoskeleton remodeling. Overall, several genes allowing to overcome CHO cell bottlenecks were identified, including Foxa1, which mediated multiple favorable metabolic changes that improve therapeutic protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Berger
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address: Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS4Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Jacqueline Masternak
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Mermod
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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103
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Ma X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wang C, Guo X, Yang Y, Wang L, Li X, Ma N. Validation and identification of reference genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells for Fc-fusion protein production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:690-702. [PMID: 32216463 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220914058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In order to reveal potential genotype-phenotype relationship, RT-qPCR reactions are frequently applied which require validated and reliable reference genes. With the investigation on long-term passage and fed-batch cultivation of CHO cells producing an Fc-fusion protein, four new reference genes-Akr1a1, Gpx1, Aprt, and Rps16, were identified from 20 candidates with the aid of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt programs and methods. This article provided more verified options in reference gene selection in related research on CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangru Li
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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104
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Fouladiha H, Marashi SA, Torkashvand F, Mahboudi F, Lewis NE, Vaziri B. A metabolic network-based approach for developing feeding strategies for CHO cells to increase monoclonal antibody production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1381-1389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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105
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A platform for context-specific genetic engineering of recombinant protein production by CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2020; 312:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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106
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Yehuda S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycosylated Biotherapeutics: Immunological Effects of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Front Immunol 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32038661 PMCID: PMC6989436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of biotherapeutics provides successful treatments for various diseases, yet immunogenicity and limited efficacy remain major concerns for many products. Glycosylation is a key factor determining the pharmacological properties of biotherapeutics, including their stability, solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Hence, an increased attention is directed at optimizing the glycosylation properties of biotherapeutics. Currently, most biotherapeutics are produced in non-human mammalian cells in light of their ability to produce human-like glycosylation. However, most mammals produce the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), while humans cannot due to a specific genetic defect. Humans consume Neu5Gc in their diet from mammalian derived foods (red meat and dairy) and produce polyclonal antibodies against diverse Neu5Gc-glycans. Moreover, Neu5Gc can metabolically incorporate into human cells and become presented on surface or secreted glycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Several studies in mice suggested that the combination of Neu5Gc-containing epitopes and anti-Neu5Gc antibodies could contribute to exacerbation of chronic inflammation-mediated diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmunity). This could potentially become complicated with exposure to Neu5Gc-containing biotherapeutics, bio-devices or xenografts. Indeed, Neu5Gc can be found on various approved and marketed biotherapeutics. Here, we provide a perspective review on the possible consequences of Neu5Gc glycosylation of therapeutic protein drugs due to the limited published evidence of Neu5Gc glycosylation on marketed biotherapeutics and studies on their putative effects on immunogenicity, drug efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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107
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Tang P, Xu J, Louey A, Tan Z, Yongky A, Liang S, Li ZJ, Weng Y, Liu S. Kinetic modeling of Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: factors and principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:265-281. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1711015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Alastair Louey
- Elpiscience Biopharma, Cayman Islands George Town, Grand Cayman, UK
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yongyan Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
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108
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Graham RJ, Ketcham S, Mohammad A, Bandaranayake BMB, Cao T, Ghosh B, Weaver J, Yoon S, Faustino PJ, Ashraf M, Cruz CN, Madhavarao CN. Zinc supplementation improves the harvest purity of β-glucuronidase from CHO cell culture by suppressing apoptosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1097-1108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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109
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Zhang JH, Zhang JH, Wang XY, Xu DH, Wang TY. Distance effect characteristic of the matrix attachment region increases recombinant protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:187-196. [PMID: 31776751 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously, we have found that the matrix attachment region (MAR) may confer a 'distance effect' on transgene expression. This work aims to systematically explore the increased transgene expression in transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells due to the characteristics of MAR and its mechanism. RESULTS Compared with the control vector, 500 and 1000 bp DNA distances between MAR and the cytomegalovirus promoter can increase transgene expression by 1.77- and 1.56-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, transgene expression was not affected when 2000 and 2500 bp spacer DNAs were inserted, but a declining trend was observed when a 1500 bp spacer DNA was inserted. The vector containing a 500 bp DNA distance significantly increased the expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein, and this increase was not related to transgene copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS A short DNA distance-containing MAR confers high transgene expression level in transfected CHO cells, but a distance threshold does not exist in the vector system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-He Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dan-Hua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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110
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Kurashina Y, Imashiro C, Hirano M, Kuribara T, Totani K, Ohnuma K, Friend J, Takemura K. Enzyme-free release of adhered cells from standard culture dishes using intermittent ultrasonic traveling waves. Commun Biol 2019; 2:393. [PMID: 31701022 PMCID: PMC6820801 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell detachment is essential in culturing adherent cells. Trypsinization is the most popular detachment technique, even though it reduces viability due to the damage to the membrane and extracellular matrix. Avoiding such damage would improve cell culture efficiency. Here we propose an enzyme-free cell detachment method that employs the acoustic pressure, sloshing in serum-free medium from intermittent traveling wave. This method detaches 96.2% of the cells, and increases its transfer yield to 130% of conventional methods for 48 h, compared to the number of cells detached by trypsinization. We show the elimination of trypsinization reduces cell damage, improving the survival of the detached cells. Acoustic pressure applied to the cells and media sloshing from the intermittent traveling wave were identified as the most important factors leading to cell detachment. This proposed method will improve biopharmaceutical production by expediting the amplification of tissue-cultured cells through a more efficient transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Imashiro
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Makoto Hirano
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633 Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0153 Japan
| | - Taiki Kuribara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633 Japan
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-cho, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-cho, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 Japan
| | - James Friend
- Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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111
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Coronel J, Heinrich C, Klausing S, Noll T, Figueredo‐Cardero A, Castilho LR. Perfusion process combining low temperature and valeric acid for enhanced recombinant factor VIII production. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2915. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Coronel
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPECell Culture Engineering Laboratory Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | | | - Thomas Noll
- Bielefeld UniversityInstitute of Cell Culture Technology, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld Germany
| | | | - Leda R. Castilho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), COPPECell Culture Engineering Laboratory Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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112
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Pairawan MS, Bolhassani A, Rahimpour A. Enhanced transient expression of an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody in CHO cells through utilization of miRNA sponge technology. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:335-342. [PMID: 31516510 PMCID: PMC6714117 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.263626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the dominant mammalian host system for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Improving the viable cell density during culture of recombinant CHO cells can greatly affect the production yield. MicroRNAs (miRs) -15a and 16-1 are known as negative regulators of multiple genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptotic inhibition. miR sponges, which act as decoy targets, are transcripts which contain complementary binding sites to the seed region of related miRs. Stably expressed miR sponges are known as efficient tools for miR loss of function studies. In this study, stable CHO cell pools and clones expressing miRs-15a and 16-1 specific decoy transcript downstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene was developed. Analysis of cell growth during 12 days of batch culture indicated improved maximum viable cell density of CHO cells and clones expressing the decoy transcript. In addition, transient expression of a recombinant anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody was significantly improved in a decoy harboring CHO cell clone, representing a 3.37-fold increase in yield after 4 days of culture. Our results indicated that miR sponge technology can be successfully applied for the improvement of cell viability and transient monoclonal antibody expression in CHO host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Sadat Pairawan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Medical Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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113
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Jorgolli M, Nevill T, Winters A, Chen I, Chong S, Lin F, Mock M, Chen C, Le K, Tan C, Jess P, Xu H, Hamburger A, Stevens J, Munro T, Wu M, Tagari P, Miranda LP. Nanoscale integration of single cell biologics discovery processes using optofluidic manipulation and monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2393-2411. [PMID: 31112285 PMCID: PMC6771990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The new and rapid advancement in the complexity of biologics drug discovery has been driven by a deeper understanding of biological systems combined with innovative new therapeutic modalities, paving the way to breakthrough therapies for previously intractable diseases. These exciting times in biomedical innovation require the development of novel technologies to facilitate the sophisticated, multifaceted, high-paced workflows necessary to support modern large molecule drug discovery. A high-level aspiration is a true integration of "lab-on-a-chip" methods that vastly miniaturize cellulmical experiments could transform the speed, cost, and success of multiple workstreams in biologics development. Several microscale bioprocess technologies have been established that incrementally address these needs, yet each is inflexibly designed for a very specific process thus limiting an integrated holistic application. A more fully integrated nanoscale approach that incorporates manipulation, culture, analytics, and traceable digital record keeping of thousands of single cells in a relevant nanoenvironment would be a transformative technology capable of keeping pace with today's rapid and complex drug discovery demands. The recent advent of optical manipulation of cells using light-induced electrokinetics with micro- and nanoscale cell culture is poised to revolutionize both fundamental and applied biological research. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for optical manipulation techniques and discuss emerging biological applications of this technology. In particular, we focus on promising prospects for drug discovery workflows, including antibody discovery, bioassay development, antibody engineering, and cell line development, which are enabled by the automation and industrialization of an integrated optoelectronic single-cell manipulation and culture platform. Continued development of such platforms will be well positioned to overcome many of the challenges currently associated with fragmented, low-throughput bioprocess workflows in biopharma and life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanner Nevill
- Product ApplicationsBerkeley Lights, IncEmeryvilleCalifornia
| | - Aaron Winters
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Irwin Chen
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Su Chong
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Fen‐Fen Lin
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Marissa Mock
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Ching Chen
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Kim Le
- Drug Substance Technologies, One Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Christopher Tan
- Drug Substance Technologies, One Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Philip Jess
- Product ApplicationsBerkeley Lights, IncEmeryvilleCalifornia
| | - Han Xu
- Drug DiscoveryA2 BiotherapeuticsWestlake VillageCalifornia
| | - Agi Hamburger
- Drug DiscoveryA2 BiotherapeuticsWestlake VillageCalifornia
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Drug Substance Technologies, One Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Trent Munro
- Drug Substance Technologies, One Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Philip Tagari
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
| | - Les P. Miranda
- Amgen ResearchOne Amgen Center DriveThousand OaksCalifornia
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114
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Graham RJ, Bhatia H, Yoon S. Consequences of trace metal variability and supplementation on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance: A review of key mechanisms and considerations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3446-3456. [PMID: 31403183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals are supplied to chemically-defined media (CDM) for optimal Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance during the production of monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. However, lot-to-lot and vendor-to-vendor variability in raw materials consequently leads to an imbalance of trace metals that are supplied to CDM. This imbalance can yield detrimental effects rooted in several primary mechanisms and pathways including oxidative stress, apoptosis, lactate accumulation, and unfavorable glycan synthesis. Recent research endeavors involve supplying zinc, copper, and manganese to CDM in excess to further maximize culture productivity and product quality. These treatments significantly impact critical quality attributes and furthermore highlight the degree to which trace metal availability can affect CHO cell culture performance. This review highlights the role of trace metal variability, supplementation, and interplay on key cellular mechanisms responsible for overall culture performance and the production and quality of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Graham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Hemlata Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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115
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Powers DN, Wang Y, Fratz-Berilla EJ, Velugula-Yellela SR, Chavez B, Angart P, Trunfio N, Yoon S, Agarabi C. Real-time quantification and supplementation of bioreactor amino acids to prolong culture time and maintain antibody product quality. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2894. [PMID: 31425633 PMCID: PMC7003473 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Real‐time monitoring of cell cultures in bioreactors can enable expedited responses necessary to correct potential batch failure perturbations which may normally go undiscovered until the completion of the batch and result in failure. Currently, analytical technologies are dedicated to real‐time monitoring of bioreactor parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, nutrients such as glucose and glutamine, or metabolites such as lactate. Despite the importance of amino acids as the building blocks of therapeutic protein products, other than glutamine their concentrations are not commonly measured. Here, we present a study into amino acid monitoring, supplementation strategies, and how these techniques may impact the cell growth profiles and product quality. We used preliminary bioreactor runs to establish baselines by determining initial amino acid consumption patterns, the results of which were used to select a pool of amino acids which gets depleted in the bioreactor. These amino acids were combined into blends which were supplemented into bioreactors during a subsequent run, the concentrations of which were monitored using a mass spectrometry based at‐line method we developed to quickly assess amino acid concentrations from crude bioreactor media. We found that these blends could prolong culture life, reversing a viable cell density decrease that was leading to batch death. Additionally, we assessed how these strategies might impact protein product quality, such as the glycan profile. The amino acid consumption data were aligned with the final glycan profiles in principal component analysis to identify which amino acids are most closely associated with glycan outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Powers
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Yifan Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Product Quality Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Erica J Fratz-Berilla
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sai Rashmika Velugula-Yellela
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Brittany Chavez
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Phillip Angart
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Trunfio
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland.,Sartorius Stedim North America Inc, Corporate Research, Bohemia, NY
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Cyrus Agarabi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Product Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, Maryland
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116
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Grilo AL, Mantalaris A. A Predictive Mathematical Model of Cell Cycle, Metabolism, and Apoptosis of Monoclonal Antibody‐Producing GS–NS0 Cells. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800573. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- António L. Grilo
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for Process Systems EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for Process Systems EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Systems Engineering LaboratoryGeorgia Institute of Technology950 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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117
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Ha TK, Hansen AH, Kildegaard HF, Lee GM. BiP Inducer X: An ER Stress Inhibitor for Enhancing Recombinant Antibody Production in CHO Cell Culture. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900130. [PMID: 31161665 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reduces protein synthesis and induces apoptosis in mammalian cells. When dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a specific monoclonal antibody productivity (qmAb )-enhancing reagent, is added to recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell cultures (GSR cell line), it induces ER stress and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. To determine an effective ER stress inhibitor, three ER stress inhibitors (BiP inducer X [BIX], tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and carbazole) are examined and BIX shows the best production performance. Coaddition of BIX (50 μm) with DMSO extends the culture longevity and enhances qmAb . As a result, the maximum mAb concentration is significantly increased with improved galactosylation. Coaddition of BIX significantly increases the expression level of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) followed by increased expression of chaperones (calnexin and GRP94) and galactosyltransferase. Furthermore, the expression levels of CHOP, a well-known ER stress marker, and cleaved caspase-3 are significantly reduced, suggesting that BIX addition reduces ER stress-induced cell death by relieving ER stress. The beneficial effect of BIX on mAb production is also demonstrated with another qmAb -enhancing reagent (sodium butyrate) and a different rCHO cell line (CS13-1.00). Taken together, BIX is an effective ER stress inhibitor that can be used to increase mAb production in rCHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwang Ha
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders H Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Helene F Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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118
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Klanert G, Fernandez DJ, Weinguny M, Eisenhut P, Bühler E, Melcher M, Titus SA, Diendorfer AB, Gludovacz E, Jadhav V, Xiao S, Stern B, Lal M, Shiloach J, Borth N. A cross-species whole genome siRNA screen in suspension-cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies novel engineering targets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8689. [PMID: 31213643 PMCID: PMC6582146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput siRNA screens were only recently applied to cell factories to identify novel engineering targets which are able to boost cells towards desired phenotypes. While siRNA libraries exist for model organisms such as mice, no CHO-specific library is publicly available, hindering the application of this technique to CHO cells. The optimization of these cells is of special interest, as they are the main host for the production of therapeutic proteins. Here, we performed a cross-species approach by applying a mouse whole-genome siRNA library to CHO cells, optimized the protocol for suspension cultured cells, as this is the industrial practice for CHO cells, and developed an in silico method to identify functioning siRNAs, which also revealed the limitations of using cross-species libraries. With this method, we were able to identify several genes that, upon knockdown, enhanced the total productivity in the primary screen. A second screen validated two of these genes, Rad21 and Chd4, whose knockdown was tested in additional CHO cell lines, confirming the induced high productivity phenotype, but also demonstrating the cell line/clone specificity of engineering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marcus Weinguny
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Bühler
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Melcher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven A Titus
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Su Xiao
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beate Stern
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- UniTargetingResearch AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madhu Lal
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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119
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Jia YL, Guo X, Ni TJ, Lu JT, Wang XY, Wang TY. Novel short synthetic matrix attachment region for enhancing transgenic expression in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18478-18486. [PMID: 31168866 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are DNA fragments with specific motifs that enhance transgenic expression; however, the characteristics and functions of these elements remain unclear. In this study, we designed and synthesized three short chimeric MARs, namely, SM4, SM5, and SM6, with different numbers and orders of motifs on the basis of the features and motifs of previously reported MARs, namely, SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively. Expression vectors with six synthetic MARs flanking the down or upstream of the expression cassette for enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) were constructed and introduced into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Results indicated that the EGFP expression of the CHO cells with transfection bySM4, SM5, or SM6-containing vectors was higher than that of those containing SM1, SM2, or SM3 regardless of the MAR insertion position. The improving effect of SM5 was particularly pronounced. Transgenic expression was further enhanced with the increasing SM5 copy number. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that several arrangements of the DNA-binding motifs for CEBP, FAST, Hox, glutathione, and NMP4 may help increase transgenic expression levels and the average population of highly expressed cells. Our findings on novel synthetic MARs will help establish stable expression systems in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Long Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Jun Ni
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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120
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Mohammadian O, Rajabibazl M, Pourmaleki E, Bayat H, Ahani R, Rahimpour A. Development of an improved lentiviral based vector system for the stable expression of monoclonal antibody in CHO cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:822-829. [PMID: 31156045 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1621893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become the dominant products in biopharmaceutical industry. Mammalian cell expression systems including Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used hosts for the production of complex recombinant proteins. However, development of stable, high producing CHO cell lines suffers from the low expression level and instability of the transgene. The increasing efforts in the development of novel therapeutic antibodies and the advent of biosimilars have revealed the necessity for the development of improved platforms for rapid production of products for initial characterization and testing. In line with this premise, vector design and engineering has been applied to improve the expression level and stability of the transgene. This study reports the application of an improved lentiviral vector system containing the human interferon-β scaffold attachment region (IFN-SAR) for the development of antibody producing stable CHO cells. mAb expressing clones producing 1100 µg/L of IgG1 monoclonal antibody were isolated without extensive screening of a large number of clones. Our results here indicate the positive effects of IFN-SAR on stable mAb expression using lentiviral based expression vectors. We also observed that although IFN-SAR can improve light chain (LC) and heavy chain (HC) gene copy numbers in stable cell pools, mAb expression in single cell clones was not affected by the transgene copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mohammadian
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Es'hagh Pourmaleki
- b Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hadi Bayat
- b Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Roshanak Ahani
- b Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- b Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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121
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Aeschlimann SH, Graf C, Mayilo D, Lindecker H, Urda L, Kappes N, Burr AL, Simonis M, Splinter E, Min M, Laux H. Enhanced CHO Clone Screening: Application of Targeted Locus Amplification and Next‐Generation Sequencing Technologies for Cell Line Development. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800371. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Aeschlimann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christian Graf
- Novartis Technical R&D, Technical Development BiosimilarsHexal AG, Keltenring 1+3 82041 Oberhaching Germany
| | - Dmytro Mayilo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Hélène Lindecker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Lorena Urda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nora Kappes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alicia Leone Burr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Splinter
- Cergentis B.VYalelaan 62 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Max Min
- Cergentis B.VYalelaan 62 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Holger Laux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
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122
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Li S, Cha SW, Heffner K, Hizal DB, Bowen MA, Chaerkady R, Cole RN, Tejwani V, Kaushik P, Henry M, Meleady P, Sharfstein ST, Betenbaugh MJ, Bafna V, Lewis NE. Proteogenomic Annotation of Chinese Hamsters Reveals Extensive Novel Translation Events and Endogenous Retroviral Elements. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2433-2445. [PMID: 31020842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A high-quality genome annotation greatly facilitates successful cell line engineering. Standard draft genome annotation pipelines are based largely on de novo gene prediction, homology, and RNA-Seq data. However, draft annotations can suffer from incorrect predictions of translated sequence, inaccurate splice isoforms, and missing genes. Here, we generated a draft annotation for the newly assembled Chinese hamster genome and used RNA-Seq, proteomics, and Ribo-Seq to experimentally annotate the genome. We identified 3529 new proteins compared to the hamster RefSeq protein annotation and 2256 novel translational events (e.g., alternative splices, mutations, and novel splices). Finally, we used this pipeline to identify the source of translated retroviruses contaminating recombinant products from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, including 119 type-C retroviruses, thus enabling future efforts to eliminate retroviruses to reduce the costs incurred with retroviral particle clearance. In summary, the improved annotation provides a more accurate resource for CHO cell line engineering, by facilitating the interpretation of omics data, defining of cellular pathways, and engineering of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deniz Baycin Hizal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland , United States
| | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland , United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland , United States
| | | | - Vijay Tejwani
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , SUNY Polytechnic Institute , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , SUNY Polytechnic Institute , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
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123
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Zhu J, Hatton D. New Mammalian Expression Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:9-50. [PMID: 28585079 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are an increasing number of recombinant antibodies and proteins in preclinical and clinical development for therapeutic applications. Mammalian expression systems are key to enabling the production of these molecules, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell platforms continue to be central to delivery of the stable cell lines required for large-scale production. Increasing pressure on timelines and efficiency, further innovation of molecular formats and the shift to new production systems are driving developments of these CHO cell line platforms. The availability of genome and transcriptome data coupled with advancing gene editing tools are increasing the ability to design and engineer CHO cell lines to meet these challenges. This chapter aims to give an overview of the developments in CHO expression systems and some of the associated technologies over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Diane Hatton
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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124
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Grilo AL, Mantalaris A. Apoptosis: A mammalian cell bioprocessing perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:459-475. [PMID: 30797096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed and controlled cell death that accounts for the majority of cellular death in bioprocesses. Cell death affects culture longevity and product quality; it is instigated by several stresses experienced by the cells within a bioreactor. Understanding the factors that cause apoptosis as well as developing strategies that can protect cells is crucial for robust bioprocess development. This review aims to a) address apoptosis from a bioprocess perspective; b) describe the significant apoptotic mechanisms linking them to the most relevant stresses encountered in bioreactors; c) discuss the design of operating conditions in order to avoid cell death; d) focus on industrially relevant cell lines; and e) present anti-apoptosis strategies including cell engineering and model-based optimization of bioprocesses. In addition, the importance of apoptosis in quality-by-design bioprocess development from clone screening to production scale are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Grilo
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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125
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Raab N, Mathias S, Alt K, Handrick R, Fischer S, Schmieder V, Jadhav V, Borth N, Otte K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of MicroRNA-744 Improves Antibody Titer of CHO Production Cell Lines. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800477. [PMID: 30802343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that serve as versatile molecular engineering tools to improve production cells by overexpression or knockdown of miRNAs showing beneficial or adverse effects on cell-culture performance. The genomic knockout (KO) of noncoding RNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells has not been reported. However, given the significant number of miRNAs showing negative effects on CHO-bioprocess performance and the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), genome editing tools facilitate precise optimization of CHO cells via modulation of noncoding RNAs. In a previous high-content miRNA screen, miR-744 was identified as a potential target associated with reduced productivity. Hence, the genomic miR-744 precursor sequence is deleted by two single guide RNA (sgRNA)-Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) flanking the miR-744 locus. After fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), clonal miR-744 KO cell lines are recovered and three of them are confirmed as miR-744 KOs. Impacts of CRISPR/Cas9 editing are characterized at the genetic, transcript, and phenotypic levels. During batch cultivation, antibody titers of miR-744 KOs are significantly increased to 190-311 mg L-1 compared to a nontargeting (NT) sgRNA transfected clonal control with 156 mg L-1 , pointing towards the potential of miRNA KO for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Raab
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Kerstin Alt
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
- Genetikum, Wegenerstraße 15, Neu-Ulm, 89231, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Line Development CMB, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- BOKU Vienna, Institute of Biotechnology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
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126
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The glycosylation design space for recombinant lysosomal replacement enzymes produced in CHO cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1785. [PMID: 31040271 PMCID: PMC6491494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal replacement enzymes are essential therapeutic options for rare congenital lysosomal enzyme deficiencies, but enzymes in clinical use are only partially effective due to short circulatory half-life and inefficient biodistribution. Replacement enzymes are primarily taken up by cell surface glycan receptors, and glycan structures influence uptake, biodistribution, and circulation time. It has not been possible to design and systematically study effects of different glycan features. Here we present a comprehensive gene engineering screen in Chinese hamster ovary cells that enables production of lysosomal enzymes with N-glycans custom designed to affect key glycan features guiding cellular uptake and circulation. We demonstrate distinct circulation time and organ distribution of selected glycoforms of α-galactosidase A in a Fabry disease mouse model, and find that an α2-3 sialylated glycoform designed to eliminate uptake by the mannose 6-phosphate and mannose receptors exhibits improved circulation time and targeting to hard-to-reach organs such as heart. The developed design matrix and engineered CHO cell lines enables systematic studies towards improving enzyme replacement therapeutics. Lysosomal replacement enzymes are taken up by cell surface receptors that recognize glycans, the effects of different glycan features are unknown. Here the authors present a gene engineering screen in CHO cells that allows custom N-glycan-decorated enzymes with improved circulation time and organ distribution.
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127
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Gutiérrez-González M, Latorre Y, Zúñiga R, Aguillón JC, Molina MC, Altamirano C. Transcription factor engineering in CHO cells for recombinant protein production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:665-679. [PMID: 31030575 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1605496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of approved biopharmaceutical products drives the development of more efficient recombinant protein expression systems. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the mainstay for this purpose but have some drawbacks, such as low levels of expression. Several strategies have been applied to increase the productivity of CHO cells with different outcomes. Transcription factor (TF) engineering has emerged as an interesting and successful approach, as these proteins can act as master regulators; the expression and function of a TF can be controlled by small molecules, and it is possible to design tailored TFs and promoters with desired features. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the use of TFs with growth, metabolic, cell cycle or endoplasmic reticulum functions, although there is a trend to develop new, synthetic TFs. Moreover, new synthetic biological approaches are showing promising advances for the development of specific TFs, even with tailored ligand sensitivity. In this article, we summarize the strategies to increase recombinant protein expression by modulating and designing TFs and with advancements in synthetic biology. We also illustrate how this class of proteins can be used to develop more robust expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yesenia Latorre
- b Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - Roberto Zúñiga
- a Centro de InmunoBiotecnología, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- b Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
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128
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Fukuda N, Senga Y, Honda S. Anxa2
‐ and
Ctsd
‐knockout CHO cell lines to diminish the risk of contamination with host cell proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2820. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fukuda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yukako Senga
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ibaraki Japan
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129
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Zhou S, Ding X, Yang L, Chen Y, Gong X, Jin J, Li H. Discovery of a stable expression hot spot in the genome of Chinese hamster ovary cells using lentivirus-based random integration. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1601998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Zhou
- Department of Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Department of Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Drug Design and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xiaohai Gong
- Department of Drug Design and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Drug Design and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Huazhong Li
- Department of Fermentation Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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Kiszel P, Fiesel S, Voit S, Waechtler B, Meier T, Oelschlaegel T, Schraeml M, Engel AM. Transient gene expression using valproic acid in combination with co-transfection of SV40 large T antigen and human p21CIP
/p27KIP. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2786. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Sonja Fiesel
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Susanne Voit
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Beate Waechtler
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Thomas Meier
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Tobias Oelschlaegel
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Michael Schraeml
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
| | - Alfred M. Engel
- R&D Cell Culture Technology of Centralized and Point of Care Solutions; Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Penzberg Germany
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Zhou S, Chen Y, Gong X, Jin J, Li H. Site-specific integration of light chain and heavy chain genes of antibody into CHO-K1 stable hot spot and detection of antibody and fusion protein expression level. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:384-390. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1573196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohai Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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132
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Dynamic metabolic network modeling of mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures with continuous phase kinetics transitions. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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133
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Potyrailo RA, Dieringer J, Cotero V, Lee Y, Go S, Schulmerich M, Malmquist G, Castan A, Gebauer K, Pizzi V. Label-free independent quantitation of viable and non-viable cells using a multivariable multi-resonant sensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 125:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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134
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Andrews NP, Boeckman JX, Manning CF, Nguyen JT, Bechtold H, Dumitras C, Gong B, Nguyen K, van der List D, Murray KD, Engebrecht J, Trimmer JS. A toolbox of IgG subclass-switched recombinant monoclonal antibodies for enhanced multiplex immunolabeling of brain. eLife 2019; 8:43322. [PMID: 30667360 PMCID: PMC6377228 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies (R-mAbs) from mAb-producing hybridomas offers numerous advantages that increase the effectiveness, reproducibility, and transparent reporting of research. We report here the generation of a novel resource in the form of a library of recombinant R-mAbs validated for neuroscience research. We cloned immunoglobulin G (IgG) variable domains from cryopreserved hybridoma cells and input them into an integrated pipeline for expression and validation of functional R-mAbs. To improve efficiency over standard protocols, we eliminated aberrant Sp2/0-Ag14 hybridoma-derived variable light transcripts using restriction enzyme treatment. Further, we engineered a plasmid backbone that allows for switching of the IgG subclasses without altering target binding specificity to generate R-mAbs useful in simultaneous multiplex labeling experiments not previously possible. The method was also employed to rescue IgG variable sequences and generate functional R-mAbs from a non-viable cryopreserved hybridoma. All R-mAb sequences and plasmids will be archived and disseminated from open source suppliers. The immune system fights off disease-causing microbes using antibodies: Y-shaped proteins that each bind to a specific foreign molecule. Indeed, these proteins bind so tightly and so specifically that they can pick out a single target in a complex mixture of different molecules. This property also makes them useful in research. For example, neurobiologists can use antibodies to mark target proteins in thin sections of brain tissue. This reveals their position inside brain cells, helping to link the structure of the brain to the roles the different parts of this structure perform. To use antibodies in this way, scientists need to be able to produce them in large quantities without losing their target specificity. The most common way to do this is with cells called hybridomas. A hybridoma is a hybrid of an antibody-producing immune cell and a cancer cell, and it has properties of both. From the immune cell, it inherits the genes to make a specific type of antibody. From the cancer cell, it inherits the ability to go on dividing forever. In theory, hybridomas should be immortal antibody factories, but they have some limitations. They are expensive to keep alive, hard to transport between labs, and their genes can be unstable. Problems can creep into their genetic code, halting their growth or changing the targets their antibodies recognize. When this happens, scientists can lose vital research tools. Instead of keeping the immune cells alive, an alternative approach is to make recombinant antibodies. Rather than store the whole cell, this approach just stores the parts of the genes that encode antibody target-specificity. Andrews et al. set out to convert a valuable toolbox of neuroscience antibodies into recombinant form. This involved copying the antibody genes from a large library of preserved hybridoma cells. However, many hybridomas also carry genes that produce non-functional antibodies. A step in the process removed these DNA sequences, ensuring that only working antibodies made it into the final library. Using frozen cells made it possible to recover antibody genes from hybridoma cells that could no longer grow. The recombinant DNA sequences provide a permanent record of useful antibodies. Not only does this prevent the loss of research tools, it is also much more shareable than living cells. Modifications to the DNA sequences in the library allow for the use of many antibodies at once. This could help when studying the interactions between different molecules in the brain. Toolkits like these could also make it easier to collaborate, and to reproduce data gathered by different researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P Andrews
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Justin X Boeckman
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Colleen F Manning
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Joe T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Hannah Bechtold
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Deborah van der List
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, United States
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135
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Minbu H, Mizuno H, Shibuya Y, Ochiai A, Taniguchi M, Tanaka T. Poly(L-lactic acid) Depth Filter Membrane Prepared by Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation with the Aid of a Nonionic Surfactant. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.18we084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Minbu
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | - Haruki Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | - Yuki Shibuya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | - Akihito Ochiai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | | | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University
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136
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Zhang L, Castan A, Stevenson J, Chatzissavidou N, Vilaplana F, Chotteau V. Combined effects of glycosylation precursors and lactate on the glycoprofile of IgG produced by CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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137
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Depletion of endogenous miRNA-378-3p increases peak cell density of CHO DP12 cells and is correlated with elevated levels of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14. J Biotechnol 2018; 288:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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138
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Hong JK, Lakshmanan M, Goudar C, Lee DY. Towards next generation CHO cell line development and engineering by systems approaches. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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139
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Brown AJ, Gibson SJ, Hatton D, Arnall CL, James DC. Whole synthetic pathway engineering of recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:375-387. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffield UK
| | | | - Diane Hatton
- Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmuneCambridge UK
| | - Claire L. Arnall
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffield UK
| | - David C. James
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffield UK
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140
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Gupta SK, Shukla P. Glycosylation control technologies for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10457-10468. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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141
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Prow NA, Jimenez Martinez R, Hayball JD, Howley PM, Suhrbier A. Poxvirus-based vector systems and the potential for multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:925-934. [PMID: 30300041 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1522255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing number of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, the pressure to generate multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines grows. Combining individual established vaccines to generate single-shot formulations represents an established path, with significant ensuing public health and cost benefits. Poxvirus-based vector systems have the capacity for large recombinant payloads and have been widely used as platforms for the development of recombinant vaccines encoding multiple antigens, with considerable clinical trials activity and a number of registered and licensed products. AREAS COVERED Herein we discuss design strategies, production processes, safety issues, regulatory hurdles and clinical trial activities, as well as pertinent new technologies such as systems vaccinology and needle-free delivery. Literature searches used PubMed, Google Scholar and clinical trials registries, with a focus on the recombinant vaccinia-based systems, Modified Vaccinia Ankara and the recently developed Sementis Copenhagen Vector. EXPERT COMMENTARY Vaccinia-based platforms show considerable promise for the development of multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines, especially with recent developments in vector technologies and manufacturing processes. New methodologies for defining immune correlates and human challenge models may also facilitate bringing such vaccines to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Prow
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Inflammation Biology , Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Rocio Jimenez Martinez
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- c Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Paul M Howley
- d Inflammation Biology , Sementis Ltd , Berwick , Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Inflammation Biology , Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Brisbane , Australia
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142
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The yeast stands alone: the future of protein biologic production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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143
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Kaushik P, Henry M, Clynes M, Meleady P. The Expression Pattern of the Phosphoproteome Is Significantly Changed During the Growth Phases of Recombinant CHO Cell Culture. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700221. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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144
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Lim SM, Park SH, Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim JY, Min JK, Lee GM, Kim YG. Differential expression of microRNAs in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with sodium butyrate using digital RNA counting. J Biotechnol 2018; 283:37-42. [PMID: 30012463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is an efficient supplement for increasing recombinant protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture. To elucidate the effects of NaBu on miRNA expression profile in recombinant CHO (rCHO) cells, differentially expressed miRNAs in NaBu-treated rCHO cells were assessed by NanoString nCounter analysis. This result showed that eight mature mouse miRNAs (let-7b, let-7d, miR-15b, miR-25, miR-27a, miR-99a, miR-125a-5p, and miR-125b-5p) were differentially expressed. Furthermore, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of eight mature CHO miRNAs, annotated using a miRBase database, confirmed the transcriptomic findings. Among the potential corresponding target mRNAs for the selected mature miRNAs, seven cell growth-related target genes (e2f2, akt2, mtor, bcl-2, bim, p38α, and bmf) and five N-glycosylation-related target genes (neu1, b4galt3, gale, man1b1 and mgat4a) were selected by considering the effectiveness of NaBu on rCHO cell culture. The altered expression patterns of the 12 target mRNAs were inversely correlated with those of the selected mature miRNAs. Altogether, NanoString nCounter analysis may be useful for identifying differentially expressed miRNAs in rCHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Lim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hyoung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jee Yon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon,South Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Gu Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Bioprocess Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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145
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Hussain H, Fisher DI, Roth RG, Mark Abbott W, Carballo-Amador MA, Warwicker J, Dickson AJ. A protein chimera strategy supports production of a model "difficult-to-express" recombinant target. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2499-2511. [PMID: 29933498 PMCID: PMC6174982 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due in part to the needs of the biopharmaceutical industry, there has been an increased drive to generate high quality recombinant proteins in large amounts. However, achieving high yields can be a challenge as the novelty and increased complexity of new targets often makes them 'difficult-to-express'. This study aimed to define the molecular features that restrict the production of a model 'difficult-to-express' recombinant protein, Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3). Building from experimental data, computational approaches were used to rationalize the redesign of this recombinant target to generate a chimera with enhanced secretion. The results highlight the importance of early identification of unfavourable sequence attributes, enabling the generation of engineered protein forms that bypass 'secretory' bottlenecks and result in efficient recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirra Hussain
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David I Fisher
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert G Roth
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W Mark Abbott
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jim Warwicker
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK
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146
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Laux H, Romand S, Nuciforo S, Farady CJ, Tapparel J, Buechmann‐Moeller S, Sommer B, Oakeley EJ, Bodendorf U. Degradation of recombinant proteins by Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteases is prevented by matriptase‐1 knockout. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2530-2540. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Laux
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Romand
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBasel Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Farady
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | - Joel Tapparel
- Early Phase DevelopmentNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Stine Buechmann‐Moeller
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | | | - Edward J. Oakeley
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | - Ursula Bodendorf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
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147
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Dangi AK, Sinha R, Dwivedi S, Gupta SK, Shukla P. Cell Line Techniques and Gene Editing Tools for Antibody Production: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29946262 PMCID: PMC6006397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present day modern formulation practices for drugs are based on newer tools and techniques toward effective utilization. The methods of antibody formulations are to be revolutionized based on techniques of cell engineering and gene editing. In the present review, we have discussed innovations in cell engineering toward production of novel antibodies for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review deciphers the use of RNAi, ribozyme engineering, CRISPR-Cas-based techniques for better strategies for antibody production. Overall, this review describes the multidisciplinary aspects of the production of therapeutic proteins that has gained more attention due to its increasing demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Shailja Dwivedi
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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148
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Eisenhut P, Klanert G, Weinguny M, Baier L, Jadhav V, Ivansson D, Borth N. A CRISPR/Cas9 based engineering strategy for overexpression of multiple genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Metab Eng 2018; 48:72-81. [PMID: 29852271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of multiple genes to engineer Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for better performance in production processes of biopharmaceuticals has recently become more and more popular. Yet, identification of useful genes and the unequivocally assessment of their effect alone and in combination(s) on the cellular phenotype is difficult due to high variation between subclones. Here, we present development and proof-of-concept of a novel engineering strategy using multiplexable activation of artificially repressed genes (MAARGE). This strategy will allow faster screening of overexpression of multiple genes in all possible combinations. MAARGE, in its here presented installment, comprises four different genes of interest that can all be stably integrated into the genome from one plasmid in a single transfection. Three of the genes are initially repressed by a repressor element (RE) that is integrated between promoter and translation start site. We show that an elongated 5'-UTR with an additional transcription termination (poly(A)) signal most efficiently represses protein expression. Distinct guide RNA (gRNA) targets flanking the REs for each gene then allow to specifically delete the RE by CRISPR/Cas9 and thus to activate the expression of the corresponding gene(s). We show that both individual and multiplexed activation of the genes of interest in a stably transfected CHO cell line is possible. Also, upon transfection of this stable cell line with all three gRNAs together, it was possible to isolate cells that express all potential gene combinations in a single experiment.
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Key Words
- BFP, Blue Fluorescent Protein
- BP, Bandpass
- CD, Chemically defined
- CHO, Chinese Hamster ovary
- CRISPR, Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Cell line engineering
- Chinese Hamster
- Fluorescent proteins
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- MAARGE, Multiplexable Activation of Artificially Repressed Genes
- MFI, Mean fluorescence intensity
- Ovary cells CHO
- Pathway engineering
- RE, Repressor element
- REST, Repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor
- RFP, Red Fluorescent protein
- RFP657, Red Fluorescent protein 657
- bp, Base pairs
- gRNA, Guide RNA
- poly(A), Poly Adenylation signal
- rpm, Rotations per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eisenhut
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Weinguny
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurenz Baier
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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149
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Zhao M, Wang J, Luo M, Luo H, Zhao M, Han L, Zhang M, Yang H, Xie Y, Jiang H, Feng L, Lu H, Zhu J. Rapid development of stable transgene CHO cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific integration into C12orf35. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6105-6117. [PMID: 29789882 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian hosts for recombinant protein production. However, by conventional random integration strategy, development of a high-expressing and stable recombinant CHO cell line has always been a difficult task due to the heterogenic insertion and its caused requirement of multiple rounds of selection. Site-specific integration of transgenes into CHO hot spots is an ideal strategy to overcome these challenges since it can generate isogenic cell lines with consistent productivity and stability. In this study, we investigated three sites with potential high transcriptional activities: C12orf35, HPRT, and GRIK1, to determine the possible transcriptional hot spots in CHO cells, and further construct a reliable site-specific integration strategy to develop recombinant cell lines efficiently. Genes encoding representative proteins mCherry and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody were targeted into these three loci respectively through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Stable cell lines were generated successfully after a single round of selection. In comparison with a random integration control, all the targeted integration cell lines showed higher productivity, among which C12orf35 locus was the most advantageous in both productivity and cell line stability. Binding affinity and N-glycan analysis of the antibody revealed that all batches of product were of similar quality independent on integrated sites. Deep sequencing demonstrated that there was low level of off-target mutations caused by CRISPR/Cas9, but none of them contributed to the development process of transgene cell lines. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of C12orf35 as the target site for exogenous gene integration, and strongly suggested that C12orf35 targeted integration mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 is a reliable strategy for the rapid development of recombinant CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manyu Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueqing Xie
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
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150
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Wang W, Zheng W, Hu F, He X, Wu D, Zhang W, Liu H, Ma X. Enhanced Biosynthesis Performance of Heterologous Proteins in CHO-K1 Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1259-1268. [PMID: 29683658 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the famous expression system for industrial production of recombinant proteins, such as therapeutic antibodies. However, there still remain bottlenecks in protein quality and weakness in expression efficiency because of the intrinsic genetic properties of the cell. Here we have enhanced biosynthesis performance of heterologous proteins in CHO-K1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 by editing the genome precisely with two genes for improving ER microenvironment and reinforcing antiapoptotic ability. A linear donor plasmid harboring eGFP-HsQSOX1b and Survivin genes was knocked in specific locus in CHO-K1 genome by the CRISPR-Cas9 RNA guided nucleases via NHEJ with efficiencies of up to 3.85% in the CHO-K1 cell pools following FACS, and the hQSOX1 and hSurvivin genes were integrated into expected genome locus successfully. Compared with control, the antiapoptotic viability of edited CHO-K1 cells was increased by 6.40 times, and the yield has been raised by 5.55 times with GLuc as model protein. The possible molecular mechanisms and pathways of remarkable antiapoptotic ability and protein biosynthesis in modified CHO-K1 cells have been elucidated reasonably. In conclusion, the novel ideas and reliable techniques for obtaining foreign proteins more efficiently in engineered animal cells were very valuable to meet large clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fengzhi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiujuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center of Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27310, United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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