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Marcucci F, Rumio C. The tumor-promoting effects of the adaptive immune system: a cause of hyperprogressive disease in cancer? Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:853-865. [PMID: 32940721 PMCID: PMC11072297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive antitumor immune responses, either cellular or humoral, aim at eliminating tumor cells expressing the cognate antigens. There are some instances, however, where these same immune responses have tumor-promoting effects. These effects can lead to the expansion of antigen-negative tumor cells, tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth, metastatic dissemination, resistance to antitumor therapy and apoptotic stimuli, acquisition of tumor-initiating potential and activation of various forms of survival mechanisms. We describe the basic mechanisms that underlie tumor-promoting adaptive immune responses and try to identify the variables that induce the switching of a tumor-inhibitory, cellular or humoral immune response, into a tumor-promoting one. We suggest that tumor-promoting adaptive immune responses may be at the origin of at least a fraction of hyperprogressive diseases (HPD) that are observed in cancer patients during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and, less frequently, with single-agent chemotherapy. We also propose the use of non-invasive biomarkers allowing to predict which patients may undergo HPD during ICI and other forms of antitumor therapy. Eventually, we suggest possibilities of therapeutic intervention allowing to inhibit tumor-promoting adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
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102
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Michaud D, Steward CR, Mirlekar B, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. Regulatory B cells in cancer. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:74-92. [PMID: 33368346 PMCID: PMC7965344 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis proceeds through discrete steps where acquisition of genetic lesions and changes in the surrounding microenvironment combine to drive unrestricted neoplastic proliferation and metastasis. The ability of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to promote tumor growth via the provision of signals that enable tumor cell survival and proliferation as well as contribute to immune suppression is an active area of research. Recent efforts have provided us with mechanistic insights into how B cells can positively and negatively regulate immune responses. Negative regulation of immune responses in cancer can be mediated by regulatory B cells and is often a result of increased production of cytokines that can directly and indirectly affect anti-tumor immune function and cancer cell growth. Signals that lead to the expansion of regulatory B cells and the spectrum of their functional roles are not well understood and are the subject of active research by many groups. Here, we elaborate broadly on the history of regulatory B cells in cancer and summarize recent studies that have established genetic models for the study of regulatory B cell function and their potential for therapeutic intervention in the setting of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Michaud
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colleen R Steward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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103
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Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk Between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:205-214. [PMID: 34014545 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer has classically been regarded as a genetic disease of uncontrolled cell growth, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [1, 2] is continuously emphasized by the accumulating evidence that cancer growth is not simply dependent on the cancer cells themselves [3, 4] but also dependent on angiogenesis [5-8], inflammation [9, 10], and the supporting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [11-13]. After the discovery that CAFs are able to remodel the tumor matrix within the TME and provide the nutrients and chemicals to promote cancer cell growth [14], many studies have aimed to uncover the cross talk between cancer cells and CAFs. Moreover, a new paradigm in cancer metabolism shows how cancer cells act like "metabolic parasites" to take up the high-energy metabolites, such as lactate, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and glutamine from supporting cells, including CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) [15, 16]. This chapter provides an overview of the metabolic coupling between CAFs and cancer cells to further define the therapeutic options to disrupt the CAF-cancer cell interactions.
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104
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Grauel AL, Nguyen B, Ruddy D, Laszewski T, Schwartz S, Chang J, Chen J, Piquet M, Pelletier M, Yan Z, Kirkpatrick ND, Wu J, deWeck A, Riester M, Hims M, Geyer FC, Wagner J, MacIsaac K, Deeds J, Diwanji R, Jayaraman P, Yu Y, Simmons Q, Weng S, Raza A, Minie B, Dostalek M, Chikkegowda P, Ruda V, Iartchouk O, Chen N, Thierry R, Zhou J, Pruteanu-Malinici I, Fabre C, Engelman JA, Dranoff G, Cremasco V. TGFβ-blockade uncovers stromal plasticity in tumors by revealing the existence of a subset of interferon-licensed fibroblasts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6315. [PMID: 33298926 PMCID: PMC7725805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in targeting stromal elements of the tumor microenvironment, we still face tremendous challenges in developing adequate therapeutics to modify the tumor stromal landscape. A major obstacle to this is our poor understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of stromal cells in tumors. Herein, we perform an unbiased interrogation of tumor mesenchymal cells, delineating the co-existence of distinct subsets of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the microenvironment of murine carcinomas, each endowed with unique phenotypic features and functions. Furthermore, our study shows that neutralization of TGFβ in vivo leads to remodeling of CAF dynamics, greatly reducing the frequency and activity of the myofibroblast subset, while promoting the formation of a fibroblast population characterized by strong response to interferon and heightened immunomodulatory properties. These changes correlate with the development of productive anti-tumor immunity and greater efficacy of PD1 immunotherapy. Along with providing the scientific rationale for the evaluation of TGFβ and PD1 co-blockade in the clinical setting, this study also supports the concept of plasticity of the stromal cell landscape in tumors, laying the foundation for future investigations aimed at defining pathways and molecules to program CAF composition for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo L Grauel
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Beverly Nguyen
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Ruddy
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Laszewski
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julie Chen
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Piquet
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marc Pelletier
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Kirkpatrick
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Antoine deWeck
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Markus Riester
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matt Hims
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Felipe Correa Geyer
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Wagner
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kenzie MacIsaac
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James Deeds
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rohan Diwanji
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pushpa Jayaraman
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yenyen Yu
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Quincey Simmons
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shaobu Weng
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alina Raza
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian Minie
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mirek Dostalek
- PKS Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pavitra Chikkegowda
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vera Ruda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oleg Iartchouk
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Naiyan Chen
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Thierry
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claire Fabre
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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105
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Yang J, Yan C, Vilgelm AE, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Johnson CA, Richmond A. Targeted Deletion of CXCR2 in Myeloid Cells Alters the Tumor Immune Environment to Improve Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:200-213. [PMID: 33177110 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) into the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer immune evasion. MDSCs express the chemokine receptor CXCR2, and inhibiting CXCR2 suppresses the recruitment of MDSCs into the tumor and the premetastatic niche. Here, we compared the growth and metastasis of melanoma and breast cancer xenografts in mice exhibiting or not exhibiting targeted deletion of Cxcr2 in myeloid cells (CXCR2myeΔ/Δ vs. CXCR2myeWT). Detailed analysis of leukocyte populations in peripheral blood and in tumors from CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice revealed that loss of CXCR2 signaling in myeloid cells resulted in reduced intratumoral MDSCs and increased intratumoral CXCL11. The increase in intratumoral CXCL11 was derived in part from tumor-infiltrating B1b cells. The reduction in intratumoral MDSCs coupled with an increase in intratumoral B1b cells expressing CXCL11 resulted in enhanced infiltration and activation of effector CD8+ T cells in the TME of CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice, accompanied by inhibition of tumor growth in CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice compared with CXCR2myeWT littermates. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a CXCR2 antagonist (SX-682) also inhibited tumor growth, reduced intratumoral MDSCs, and increased intratumoral B1b cells expressing CXCL11, leading to an increase in activated CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Depletion of B220+ cells or depletion of CD8+ T cells reversed the tumor-inhibitory properties in CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice. These data revealed a mechanism by which loss of CXCR2 signaling in myeloid cells modulates antitumor immunity through decreasing MDSCs and enriching CXCL11-producing B1b cells in the TME, which in turn increases CD8+ T-cell recruitment and activation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yang
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher A Johnson
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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106
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Ji F, Kang Q, Wang L, Liu L, Ke Y, Zhu Y, Zhang N, Xiong S, Li Y, Zou H. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with distal cholangiocarcinoma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22827. [PMID: 33120809 PMCID: PMC7581158 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) following radical surgery. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 59 patients with DCC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were treated by radical surgery and diagnosed by postoperative pathology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan, China), between July 2015 and December 2017. The optimal cut-off value for the NLR was determined by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk factors and independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with DCC. RESULTS According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value for the NLR was 2.933. The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model showed that carbohydrate antigen 125, NLR, perineural, vascular and fat invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage were risk factors for DCC; the only independent risk factor to affect the prognosis of DCC patients was the NLR. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative NLR plays an important guiding role in evaluating the prognosis of patients with DCC, and an increase in the NLR is associated with poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
- Urology Department of The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunminng Medical University, Kunming Chlidren's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Medical University
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Lianmin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ya Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Naiqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Kunming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shifeng Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
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107
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TRIM28 is a distinct prognostic biomarker that worsens the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20308-20331. [PMID: 33091876 PMCID: PMC7655206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important determinant of cancer prognosis and treatment efficacy. To identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of 517 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We detected 985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with high and low immune and stromal scores, and we analyzed their functions and protein-protein interactions. TRIM28 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with low immune and stromal scores, and was associated with a poor prognosis. The TISIDB and TIMER databases indicated that TRIM28 expression correlated negatively with immune infiltration. We then explored genes that were co-expressed with TRIM28 in TCGA, and investigated DEGs based on TRIM28 expression in GSE43580 and GSE7670. The 429 common DEGs from these analyses were functionally analyzed. We also performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using TCGA data, and predicted substrates of TRIM28 using UbiBrowser. The results indicated that TRIM28 may negatively regulate the TIME by increasing the SUMOylation of IRF5 and IRF8. Correlation analyses and validations in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9 and H1299) confirmed these findings. Thus, TRIM28 may worsen the TIME and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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108
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Baba Y, Saito Y, Kotetsu Y. Heterogeneous subsets of B-lineage regulatory cells (Breg cells). Int Immunol 2020; 32:155-162. [PMID: 31630184 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells represent a key cellular component of humoral immunity. Besides antigen presentation and antibody production, B cells also play a role in immune regulation and induction of tolerance through several mechanisms. Our understanding of B-lineage cells with regulatory ability has been revolutionized by the delineation of heterogeneous subsets of these cells. Specific environmental signals may further determine the polarization and function of B-lineage regulatory cells. With the availability of new genetic, molecular and pharmacological tools, considerable advances have been made toward our understanding of the surface phenotype, developmental processes and functions of these cells. These exciting discoveries, some of which are still controversial, also raise many new questions, which makes the inhibitory function of B cells a rapidly growing field in immunopathology. Here we review highlights of the regulatory activity of B cells and the recent advances in the function and phenotype of these B-cell subsets in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kotetsu
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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109
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Jean Baptiste S, Le THY, Le TKV, Vu DN, Nguyen DD. Anti-cancer Immune-modulatory Activities of Panax Genus Extracts and Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1817065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thi Hoang Yen Le
- Fungal Technology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. K. V. Le
- Faculty of Medicinal Processing, National Institution of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy Nhan Vu
- Institute of Chemistry, Military Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Doan Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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110
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Kim TJ, Koo KC. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5484. [PMID: 32751945 PMCID: PMC7432105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of prostate cancer (PCa) varies from castration-naive to metastatic castration-resistant disease. Despite the administration of androgen synthesis inhibitors and chemotherapy regimens for castration-resistant prostate cancer, the treatment options for this entity are limited. The utilization of the immune system against cancer cells shows potential as a therapeutic modality for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. With technological advances over the last decade, immunotherapy has become an integral treatment modality for advanced solid tumors. The feasibility of immunotherapy has shown promise for patients with PCa, and with advances in molecular diagnostic platforms and our understanding of immune mechanisms, immunotherapy is reemerging as a potential treatment modality for PCa. Various combinations of individualized immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with androgen receptor-targeted therapies and conventional cytotoxic agents show promise. This article will review the current status of immunotherapy, including new discoveries and precision approaches to PCa, and discuss future directions in the continuously evolving landscape of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, C.H.A. Bundang Medical Center, University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
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111
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Dual Targeting of Mesothelin and CD19 with Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2367-2378. [PMID: 32730744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells infiltrate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in preclinical cancer models, can suppress T cell immunosurveillance in cancer. Here, we conducted a pilot study to assess the safety and feasibility of administering lentiviral-transduced chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified autologous T cells redirected against mesothelin to target tumor cells along with CART cells redirected against CD19 to deplete B cells. Both CARs contained 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling domains. Three patients with chemotherapy-refractory PDAC received 1.5 g/m2 cyclophosphamide prior to separate infusions of lentiviral-transduced T cells engineered to express chimeric anti-mesothelin immunoreceptor SS1 (CART-Meso, 3 × 107/m2) and chimeric anti-CD19 immunoreceptor (CART-19, 3 × 107/m2). Treatment was well tolerated without dose-limiting toxicities. Best response was stable disease (1 of 3 patients). CART-19 (compared to CART-Meso) cells showed the greatest expansion in the blood, although persistence was transient. B cells were successfully depleted in all subjects, became undetectable by 7-10 days post-infusion, and remained undetectable for at least 28 days. Together, concomitant delivery of CART-Meso and CART-19 cells in patients with PDAC is safe. CART-19 cells deplete normal B cells but at the dose tested in these 3 subjects did not improve CART-Meso cell persistence.
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112
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Minici C, Rigamonti E, Lanzillotta M, Monno A, Rovati L, Maehara T, Kaneko N, Deshpande V, Protti MP, De Monte L, Scielzo C, Crippa S, Arcidiacono PG, Dugnani E, Piemonti L, Falconi M, Pillai S, Manfredi AA, Della-Torre E. B lymphocytes contribute to stromal reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1794359. [PMID: 32923157 PMCID: PMC7458626 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1794359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent stromal reaction that has been variably implicated in both tumor growth and tumor suppression. B-lymphocytes have been recently implicated in PDAC progression but their contribution to the characteristic stromal desmoplasia has never been assessed before. In the present work, we aimed to verify whether B-lymphocytes contribute to stromal cell activation in PDAC. CD19+ B-lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood of patients with PDAC were cultivated in the presence of human pancreatic fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Released pro-fibrotic soluble factors and collagen production were assessed by ELISA and Luminex assays. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess fibroblast activation in the presence of B cells. The expression of selected pro-fibrotic and inflammatory molecules was confirmed on PDAC tissue sections by multi-color immunofluorescence studies. We herein demonstrate that B-cells from PDAC patients (i) produce the pro-fibrotic molecule PDGF-B and stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts; (ii) express enzymes implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling including LOXL2; and (iii) produce the chemotactic factors CCL-4, CCL-5, and CCL-11. In addition we demonstrate that circulating plasmablasts are expanded in the peripheral blood of patients with PDAC, stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts, and infiltrate pancreatic lesions. Our results indicate that PDAC is characterized by perturbations of the B-cell compartment with expansion of B-lymphocyte subsets that directly contribute to the stromal reaction observed at disease site. These findings provide an additional rationale for modulating B-cell activity in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Minici
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lanzillotta
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Rovati
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Pia Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia De Monte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Crippa
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pancreatic Surgery and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Dugnani
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pancreatic Surgery and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Tumor immunology is undergoing a renaissance due to the recent profound clinical successes of tumor immunotherapy. These advances have coincided with an exponential growth in the development of -omics technologies. Armed with these technologies and their associated computational and modeling toolsets, systems biologists have turned their attention to tumor immunology in an effort to understand the precise nature and consequences of interactions between tumors and the immune system. Such interactions are inherently multivariate, spanning multiple time and size scales, cell types, and organ systems, rendering systems biology approaches particularly amenable to their interrogation. While in its infancy, the field of 'Cancer Systems Immunology' has already influenced our understanding of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. As the field matures, studies will move beyond descriptive characterizations toward functional investigations of the emergent behavior that govern tumor-immune responses. Thus, Cancer Systems Immunology holds incredible promise to advance our ability to fight this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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114
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Buller CW, Mathew PA, Mathew SO. Roles of NK Cell Receptors 2B4 (CD244), CS1 (CD319), and LLT1 (CLEC2D) in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071755. [PMID: 32630303 PMCID: PMC7409338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune system, especially in the recognition and clearance of cancer cells and infected cells. Their effector function is controlled by a delicate balance between the activating and inhibitory signals. We have identified 2B4 (CD244, SLAMF4) and CS1 (CD319, SLAMF7) as NK cell receptors regulating NK cell cytotoxicity. Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1), a member of the C-type lectin-like domain family 2 (CLEC2D), induced IFN-γ production but did not directly regulate cytolytic activity. Interestingly, LLT1 expressed on other cells acts as a ligand for an NK cell inhibitory receptor NKRP1A (CD161) and inhibits NK cytolytic function. Extensive research has been done on novel therapies that target these receptors to increase the effector function of NK cells. The 2B4 receptor is involved in the rejection of melanoma cells in mice. Empliciti, an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody, explicitly targets the CS1 receptor and enhances the NK cell cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cells. Our studies revealed that LLT1 is expressed on prostate cancer and triple-negative breast cancer cells and allows them to evade NK-cell-mediated killing. In this review, we describe NK cell receptors 2B4, CS1, and LLT1 and their potential in targeting cancer cells for NK-cell-mediated immunotherapy. New cancer immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) and NK (CAR-NK) cells are showing great promise in the treatment of cancer, and CAR cells specific to these receptors would be an attractive therapeutic option.
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115
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Guadagno E, Russo D, Pignatiello S, Del Basso De Caro M. Inflammation in the neoplasms of the adrenal gland: Is there a prognostic role? An immunohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153070. [PMID: 32825943 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenal gland neoplasms are mostly benign. The differential diagnosis between adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma relies on nine morphologic parameters (Weiss criteria) that are mostly subjective. Although rare, carcinomas represent an aggressive disease that require short time follow-up. For this reason, the diagnosis should be accurate. Neoplasms of the medulla are mostly represented by phaeochromocytomas, all potentially metastatic. Prognostic score systems (GAPP and PASS) have been implemented but not enough objective and useful in borderline cases. More objective parameters should be introduced. Little is known in literature on the inflammatory response in these tumors. Aim of our study was the definition (type, density and distribution) of inflammation in the adrenal neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CD45 (inflammatory cells), CD20 (B cells) and CD3 (T cells) antibodies was performed in 15 adrenocortical neoplasms and 17 phaeochromocytomas. A manual count of the signal was set for each marker, to establish the cellular type, their density (cells/mm2) and location within the tumor. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the correlation between the immunoscore and clinico-pathologic parameters. RESULTS The difference of cellular density between the three markers was statistically significant (p value = 0.0028), with highest values for CD45 and CD3. No differences were detected between the periphery and the center of the lesions. The most relevant finding was the detection of a higher immunoscore in adrenocortical adenomas, compared to carcinomas. Moreover, most of phaeochromocytomas showed high expression of inflammation, except the only metastatic case. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that inflammation could represent a valuable diagnostic and potential prognostic parameter, useful for the correct management of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5- 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5- 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5- 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5- 80131, Naples, Italy
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116
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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117
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Rasoulouniriana D, Santana-Magal N, Gutwillig A, Farhat-Younis L, Wine Y, Saperia C, Tal L, Gutman H, Tsivian A, Brenner R, Bandora EA, Reticker-Flynn NE, Rider P, Carmi Y. A distinct subset of FcγRI-expressing Th1 cells exert antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4151-4164. [PMID: 31449054 DOI: 10.1172/jci127590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While a high frequency of Th1 cells in tumors is associated with improved cancer prognosis, this benefit has been attributed mainly to support of cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. By attempting to potentiate antibody-driven immunity, we found a remarkable synergy between CD4+ T cells and tumor-binding antibodies. This surprising synergy was mediated by a small subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells that express the high-affinity Fcγ receptor for IgG (FcγRI) in both mouse and human patients. These cells efficiently lyse tumor cells coated with antibodies through concomitant crosslinking of their T cell receptor (TCR) and FcγRI. By expressing FcγRI and its signaling chain in conventional CD4+ T cells, we successfully employed this mechanism to treat established solid cancers. Overall, this discovery sheds new light on the biology of this T cell subset, their function during tumor immunity, and the means to utilize their unique killing signals in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haim Gutman
- Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexander Tsivian
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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118
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Reis DRA, Medeiros-Fonseca B, Costa JM, de Oliveira Neto CP, Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R, Bastos MMSM, Brito HO, Brito LMO. HPV infection as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: A connecting hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109979. [PMID: 32570162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atheromatous plaques occurring in large arteries are common and life-threatening lesions. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of atheromatous plaques, such as hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, high blood pressure and chronic systemic inflammation. Recent findings have suggested that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) may increase the risk of developing atheromatous plaques. However, HPV is considered a tissue-specific virus with a strong tropism towards squamous epithelial cells, and the mechanisms whereby it may promote the development of atheromas remain unclear. Here, we propose a connecting hypothesis to explain the possible causative role of HPV on atheroma development. We hypothesize that HPV infection may promote atheroma formation in infected patients by enhancing systemic inflammation or by directly targeting blood vessels via nucleic acids carried by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. The pro-inflammatory effects of HPV and the release of extracellular vesicles by HPV-transformed cells are well documented in scientific literature. Possible experimental approaches to test this hypothesis are also discussed, especially experiments employing transgenic mice bearing HPV16 transgenes. If correct, this hypothesis would have major implications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially due to the preventable nature of HPV infection through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R A Reis
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - B Medeiros-Fonseca
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J M Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - C P de Oliveira Neto
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - R M Gil da Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Research Dept., Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North, Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M S M Bastos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - L M O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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119
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Jukić T, Jurin Martić A, Ivanković S, Antica M, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Jurin M. The role of regulatory T lymphocytes in immune control of MC-2 fibrosarcoma. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:351-358. [PMID: 33456124 PMCID: PMC7808230 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) particularly in cancer is well known. The goal of the present study was to determine the contribution of these lymphocytes in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity of CBA/HZgr mice against MC-2 fibrosarcoma (4th generation of methylcholanthrene induced tumor). The levels of T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+) were determined 8 and 20 days after tumor transplantation. Further, the role of CD4+CD25+ (Tregs) in tumor-host interaction was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by using specific monoclonal antibodies. We found that splenocytes of both control and Treg depleted tumor bearing mice strongly but differently inhibited growth of tumor cells in vitro. While splenocytes of untreated mice exhibited significant decrease of this activity (from 74.4% to 62.6% and 32.95%), the splenocytes of Treg depleted mice showed increase of this activity (from 79.5% to 84.3% and 86.2%) from day 6 to day 13 and day 21 after tumor grafting, respectively. Further, upon i.v. injecting specific monoclonal anti-Treg antibody tumor immediately prior to tumor cell intracutaneous transplantation, the tumor was rejected after initial growth. In treated mice, the incidence of Treg cells was very low initially, reaching normal values two weeks later. These animals were shown to be resistant to tumor transplantation four months later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Jurin Martić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Ivanković
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Doroteja Pavan Jukić
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cecilija Rotim
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Jurin
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 2Čakovec County Hospital, Čakovec, Croatia; 3Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 4Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 7Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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120
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Conejo-Garcia JR, Biswas S, Chaurio R. Humoral immune responses: Unsung heroes of the war on cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101419. [PMID: 33183950 PMCID: PMC7738315 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid cancers progress from primordial lesions through complex interactions between tumor-promoting and anti-tumor immune cell types, ultimately leading to the orchestration of humoral and T cell adaptive immune responses, albeit in an immunosuppressive environment. B cells infiltrating most established tumors have been associated with a dual role: Some studies have associated antibodies produced by tumor-associated B cells with the promotion of regulatory activities on myeloid cells, and also with direct immunosuppression through the production of IL-10, IL-35 or TGF-β. In contrast, recent studies in multiple human malignancies identify B cell responses with delayed malignant progression and coordinated T cell protective responses. This includes the elusive role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures identified in many human tumors, where the function of B cells remains unknown. Here, we discuss emerging data on the dual role of B cell responses in the pathophysiology of human cancer, providing a perspective on future directions and possible novel interventions to restore the coordinated action of both branches of the adaptive immune response, with the goal of maximizing immunotherapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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121
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Khlaiphuengsin A, Chuaypen N, Sodsai P, Buranapraditkun S, Boonpiyathad T, Hirankarn N, Tangkijvanich P. Decreased of BAFF-R expression and B cells maturation in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2645-2656. [PMID: 32523317 PMCID: PMC7265148 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has indicated the role of B cells and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM To characterize circulating BAFF receptor expression and B cell subpopulations in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC.
METHODS Peripheral blood samples collected from 41 patients with chronic HBV infection (25 patients without HCC and 16 patients with HCC) and 9 healthy controls were assessed for BAFF receptors [BAFF-R(B cell-activating factor receptor), transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor, B-cell maturation antigen] and B cell subpopulations by multicolor flow cytometry.
RESULTS The frequency of BAFF-R expressing B cells to total B cells was significantly lower in patients with HCC (3.39% ± 2.12%) compared with the non-HCC group (5.37% ± 1.90%) and healthy controls (6.23% ± 2.32%), whereas there was no difference in transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor and B-cell maturation antigen. The frequencies of CD27+IgD+ memory B cells, CD27+IgD- class-switched memory B cells and plasmablasts were significantly lower in the patients with HCC compared to patients without HCC (1.23 ± 1.17 vs 3.09 ± 1.55, P = 0.001, 0.60 ± 0.44 vs 1.69 ± 0.86, P < 0.0001 and 0.16 ± 0.12 vs 0.37 ± 0.30, P = 0.014, respectively). However, the ratio of naïve and transitional B cell did not differ significantly between the three groups. In addition, decreased BAFF-R expression on B cells was significantly correlated with large tumor size and advanced tumor stage.
CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated BAFF-R expression was reduced in B cells that involved with the frequencies of B cells maturation in patients with HCC. The depletion of BAFF-R might play an important role in the development of HCC in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Khlaiphuengsin
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Galli F, Aguilera JV, Palermo B, Markovic SN, Nisticò P, Signore A. Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:89. [PMID: 32423420 PMCID: PMC7236372 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive tumor progression, metastatization and resistance to therapy. New immunotherapeutic approaches aim at restoring the natural balance and increase immune response against cancer by different mechanisms. The complexity of these interactions and the heterogeneity of immune cell subpopulations are a real challenge when trying to develop new immunotherapeutics and evaluate or predict their efficacy in vivo. To this purpose, molecular imaging can offer non-invasive diagnostic tools like radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or fluorescent dyes. These agents can be useful for preclinical and clinical purposes and can overcome [18F]FDG limitations in discriminating between true-progression and pseudo-progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of immune cells involved in microenvironment, available immunotherapies and imaging agents to highlight the importance of new therapeutic biomarkers and their in vivo evaluation to improve the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy.
| | - Jesus Vera Aguilera
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of oncology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, (MN), Rochester, USA
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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Henriksen JR, Nederby L, Donskov F, Waldstrøm M, Adimi P, Jakobsen A, Steffensen KD. Prognostic significance of baseline T cells, B cells and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in recurrent ovarian cancer treated with chemotherapy. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32414391 PMCID: PMC7229632 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers are needed to guide treatment decisions in recurrent ovarian cancer, as a high proportion of patients do not benefit from treatments. Data on immune subsets in patients receiving chemotherapy are scarce. We investigated the impact of T cells, B cells, neutrophils and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ovarian cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. METHODS Blood samples were collected prospectively at baseline in recurrent ovarian cancer (N = 72) receiving chemotherapy. T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and NLR were analyzed. Primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and treatment response, respectively. Cut-offs for T and B cells were predefined. RESULTS In patients with low vs. high T and B cells counts, OS was 6.1 months vs 12.0 months (P = 0.017) and 6.1 months vs 12.0 months (P = 0.011, respectively. Low T and B cells analyzed as continuous variables were also associated with unfavorable OS, P = 0.011 and P = 0.007, respectively. Neutrophils had no significant prognostic impact. Median NLR was 4.1. High vs. low NLR was associated with poor survival, 7.4 months vs. 15.9 months (P = 0.012). In multivariate analysis including platinum sensitivity, number of prior lines of chemotherapy, and performance status, high NLR remained an independent poor prognostic factor HR: 2.17 (95% CI 1.21-3.88) (P = 0.009). High NLR was also significantly associated with lack of response, OR 0.15 (95% CI: 0.04-0.51) (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION In recurrent ovarian cancer patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy, low T and B lymphocyte counts had an unfavorable prognostic impact. High NLR was associated with lack of response and a poor prognosis, and the parameter may be used in patient counselling and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Røikjær Henriksen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Line Nederby
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Frede Donskov
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Waldstrøm
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Parvin Adimi
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karina Dahl Steffensen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Arthurs C, Suarez-Bonnet A, Willis C, Xie B, Machulla N, Mair TS, Cao K, Millar M, Thrasivoulou C, Priestnall SL, Ahmed A. Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma: expression of biomarker proteins and EcPV2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7863. [PMID: 32398763 PMCID: PMC7217868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma (EpSCC) is a relatively common cutaneous neoplasm with a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the protein expression and colocalisation of FRA1, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and MMP7 in normal (NT), tumour (T), hyperplastic epidermis and/or squamous papilloma (Hyp/Pap), poorly-differentiated (PDSCC), or well-differentiated (WDSCC) EpSCC using a tissue array approach. Further objectives were to correlate protein expression to (i) levels of inflammation, using a convolutional neural network (ii) equine papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) infection, detected using PCR amplification. We found an increase in expression of FRA1 in EpSCC compared to NT samples. c-Myc expression was higher in Hyp/Pap and WDSCC but not PDSCC whereas MMP7 was reduced in WDSCC compared with NT. There was a significant increase in the global intersection coefficient (GIC) of FRA1 with MMP7, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 in EpSCC. Conversely, GIC for MMP7 with c-Myc was reduced in EpSCC tissue. Inflammation was positively associated with EcPV2 infection in both NT and EpSCC but not Hyp/Pap. Changes in protein expression could be correlated with EcPV2 for Cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Our results evaluate novel biomarkers of EpSCC and a putative correlation between the expression of biomarkers, EcPV2 infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Arthurs
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Boyu Xie
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Machulla
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, UK
| | - Kevin Cao
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Millar
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5812. [PMID: 32242145 PMCID: PMC7118166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress persisting for weeks or more promotes pro-inflammatory immune dysregulation, a risk factor for a range of chronic diseases. We have recently shown that mindfulness training reduces distress among university students. Here we present an exploratory trial to study immune dysregulation in a cohort of students who were exposed to progressively greater stress as the exam period approached, and to explore whether mindfulness training mitigated this dysregulation. Healthy University of Cambridge students were randomised to join an 8-week mindfulness course (N = 27), or to mental health support as usual (N = 27). Psychological distress, immune cell proportions, cytokines, CRP and serum cortisol were measured at baseline and during the exam period. Increased distress was associated with statistically significant increases in the proportion of B cells, regardless of trial arm (*p = 0.027). There were no other associations between any of the measured parameters, distress or mindfulness. Our finding that the proportion of B cells increases with psychological distress supports the findings of other studies. However, we found no evidence that mindfulness training is able to buffer the effects of psychological distress on healthy participants' immune system. In order to detect these effects, should they exist, larger randomised trials will be required.
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126
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Malagutti N, Rotondo JC, Cerritelli L, Melchiorri C, De Mattei M, Selvatici R, Oton-Gonzalez L, Stomeo F, Mazzoli M, Borin M, Mores B, Ciorba A, Tognon M, Pelucchi S, Martini F. High Human Papillomavirus DNA loads in Inflammatory Middle Ear Diseases. Pathogens 2020; 9:224. [PMID: 32197385 PMCID: PMC7157545 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Previous studies reported human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in middle ear tumors, whereas these viruses have been poorly investigated in chronic inflammatory middle ear diseases. We investigated HPVs in non-tumor middle ear diseases, including chronic otitis media (COM). Methods. COM specimens (n = 52), including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (n =38) and cholesteatoma (COMC) (n = 14), as well as normal middle ear (NME) specimens (n = 56) were analyzed. HPV sequences and DNA loads were analyzed by quantitative-PCR. HPV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Results. HPV DNA was detected in 23% (12/52) of COM and in 30.4% (17/56) of NME (p > 0.05). Specifically, HPV DNA sequences were found in 26.3% (10/38) of CSOM and in 14.3% (2/14) of COMC (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the HPV DNA load was higher in COMC (mean 7.47 copy/cell) than in CSOM (mean 1.02 copy/cell) and NME (mean 1.18 copy/cell) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.017 versus CSOM and NME, respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main genotypes detected in COMC, CSOM and NME. Conclusions. These data suggest that HPV may infect the middle ear mucosa, whereas HPV-positive COMCs are associated with higher viral DNA loads as compared to NME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Malagutti
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (M.D.M.); (L.O.-G.); (M.T.)
| | - Luca Cerritelli
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudio Melchiorri
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (M.D.M.); (L.O.-G.); (M.T.)
| | - Rita Selvatici
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Lucia Oton-Gonzalez
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (M.D.M.); (L.O.-G.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Stomeo
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Manuela Mazzoli
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Michela Borin
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Beatrice Mores
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Ciorba
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (M.D.M.); (L.O.-G.); (M.T.)
| | - Stefano Pelucchi
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.R.); (M.D.M.); (L.O.-G.); (M.T.)
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Patel AJ, Richter A, Drayson MT, Middleton GW. The role of B lymphocytes in the immuno-biology of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:325-342. [PMID: 31901949 PMCID: PMC7044257 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating immune cells have been widely implicated to play a significant role in carcinogenesis, through both pro- or anti-tumour effects. The multi-faceted effects of lung cancer associated T lymphocytes have been extensively studied, and yet, the role of B lymphocytes remains an area less studied. In this review, we will describe the current understanding of the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes in NSCLC, discuss their prognostic significance, their functionality within the tumour microenvironment and ultimately how we might harness B-cell biology to develop B-cell therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay J Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gary W Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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128
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Tan KS, Lim RL, Liu J, Ong HH, Tan VJ, Lim HF, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Chow VT, Wang DY. Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32161756 PMCID: PMC7052386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Liyu Lim
- Infectious Disease Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Jiayi Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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129
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Bravi CA, Rosiello G, Fallara G, Vertosick E, Tin A, Sjoberg D, Bianchi M, Mazzone E, Martini A, Dell'oglio P, Stabile A, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Vickers A. Predictive value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in localized prostate cancer: results from a surgical series at a high-volume institution. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2020; 73:481-488. [PMID: 32083416 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.20.03662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in localized prostate cancer for surgical pathology and recurrence in patients treated by radical prostatectomy. METHODS We evaluated 1258 patients treated by radical prostatectomy at San Raffaele Hospital between 2011 and 2017 and assessed the association between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and surgical pathology (advanced stage, grade group ≥4, nodal involvement, grade discordance between biopsy and surgical pathology) and biochemical recurrence. RESULTS The preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was not significantly associated with advanced stage (≥T3), International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (≥4) or discordance. At multivariable analysis, patients with higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio had lower risk of nodal involvement at final pathology (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.92; P=0.005). The preoperative level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with biochemical recurrence on univariate analysis (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.96; P=0.017). Such a relationship was not significant at multivariable analysis adjusting for tumor severity (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.09; P=0.4). CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio does not have clinical utility for the prediction of adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence. Further research should focus on its value for predicting regional lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Bravi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA -
| | - Giuseppe Rosiello
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emily Vertosick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Tin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Sjoberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Bianchi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Mazzone
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Martini
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dell'oglio
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Stabile
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fossati
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Garner H, de Visser KE. Immune crosstalk in cancer progression and metastatic spread: a complex conversation. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:483-497. [PMID: 32024984 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer deaths. For successful dissemination and metastasis, cancer cells must evade detection and destruction by the immune system. This process is enabled by factors secreted by the primary tumour that shape both the intratumoural microenvironment and the systemic immune landscape. Here, we review the evidence of aberrant immune cell crosstalk in metastasis formation and the role that primary tumours play in hijacking these interactions in order to enhance their metastatic potential. Moreover, we highlight the intriguing parallels between the inflammatory pathways underlying inflammatory disorders and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Garner
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
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131
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Wu J, Zhang L, Song Q, Yu L, Wang S, Zhang B, Wang W, Xia P, Chen X, Xiao Y, Xu C. Systematical identification of cell-specificity of CTCF-gene binding based on epigenetic modifications. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:589-600. [PMID: 32022856 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) mediates transcriptional regulation and implicates epigenetic modifications in cancers. However, the systematically unveiling inverse regulatory relationship between CTCF and epigenetic modifications still remains unclear, especially the mechanism by which histone modification mediates CTCF binding. Here, we developed a systematic approach to investigate how epigenetic changes affect CTCF binding. Through integration analysis of CTCF binding in 30 cell lines, we concluded that CTCF generally binds with higher intensity in normal cell lines than that in cancers, and higher intensity in genome regions closed to transcription start sites. To facilitate the better understanding of their associations, we constructed linear mixed-effect models to analyze the effects of the epigenetic modifications on CTCF binding in four cancer cell lines and six normal cell lines, and identified seven epigenetic modifications as potential epigenetic patterns that influence CTCF binding intensity in promoter regions and six epigenetic modifications in enhancer regions. Further analysis of the effects in different locations revealed that the epigenetic regulation of CTCF binding was location-specific and cancer cell line-specific. Moreover, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac showed the potential association with immune regulation of disease. Taken together, our method can contribute to improve the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of CTCF binding and provide potential therapeutic targets for treating tumors associated with CTCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Qian Song
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Weida Wang
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- Bioinformatics at Harbin Medical University, China
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132
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Guerin MV, Finisguerra V, Van den Eynde BJ, Bercovici N, Trautmann A. Preclinical murine tumor models: a structural and functional perspective. eLife 2020; 9:e50740. [PMID: 31990272 PMCID: PMC6986875 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review is to pinpoint the specific features, including the weaknesses, of various tumor models, and to discuss the reasons why treatments that are efficient in murine tumor models often do not work in clinics. In a detailed comparison of transplanted and spontaneous tumor models, we focus on structure-function relationships in the tumor microenvironment. For instance, the architecture of the vascular tree, which depends on whether tumor cells have gone through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is determinant for the extension of the spontaneous necrosis, and for the intratumoral localization of the immune infiltrate. Another key point is the model-dependent abundance of TGFβ in the tumor, which controls the variable susceptibility of different tumor models to treatments. Grounded in a historical perspective, this review provides a rationale for checking factors that will be key for the transition between preclinical murine models and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion V Guerin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
| | - Veronica Finisguerra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute WELBIOUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Nadege Bercovici
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
| | - Alain Trautmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
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133
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Sharonov GV, Serebrovskaya EO, Yuzhakova DV, Britanova OV, Chudakov DM. B cells, plasma cells and antibody repertoires in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:294-307. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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134
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Immune biological rationales for the design of combined radio- and immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:293-306. [PMID: 31953578 PMCID: PMC7000501 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are promising treatments for many forms of cancer. Nevertheless, the response rates to, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), are still in low double-digit percentage. This calls for further therapy optimization that should take into account combination of immunotherapies with classical tumor therapies such as radiotherapy. By designing multimodal approaches, immune modulatory properties of certain radiation schemes, additional immune modulation by immunotherapy with ICI and hyperthermia, as well as patient stratification based on genetic and immune constitutions have to be considered. In this context, both the tumor and its microenvironment including cells of the innate and adaptive immune system have to be viewed in synopsis. Knowledge of immune activation and immune suppression by radiation is the basis for well-elaborated addition of certain immunotherapies. In this review, the focus is set on additional immune stimulation by hyperthermia and restoration of an immune response by ICI. The impact of radiation dose and fractionation on immune modulation in multimodal settings has to be considered, as the dynamics of the immune response and the timing between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Another big challenge is the patient stratification that should be based on matrices of biomarkers, taking into account genetics, proteomics, radiomics, and “immunomics”. One key aim is to turn immunological “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, and to eliminate barriers of immune-suppressed or immune-excluded tumors. Comprehensive knowledge of immune alterations induced by radiation and immunotherapy when being applied together should be utilized for patient-adapted treatment planning and testing of innovative tumor therapies within clinical trials.
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135
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Kok LF, Ferguson AL, Marshall JE, Tse BCY, Halliday GM, Byrne SN. B Cell-Targeted Immunotherapy Limits Tumor Growth, Enhances Survival, and Prevents Lymph Node Metastasis of UV-Induced Keratinocyte Cancers in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1459-1463. [PMID: 31954726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Fong Kok
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Marshall
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benita C Y Tse
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary M Halliday
- Dermatology Research Laboratories, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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136
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Peppas I, George G, Sollie S, Josephs DH, Hammar N, Walldius G, Karagiannis SN, Van Hemelrijck M. Association of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels with Solid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:527-538. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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137
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Higher overall leukocyte counts in women may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but the association of specific leukocyte subtypes with breast cancer risk remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between circulating leukocyte subtypes and risk of breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between 2003 and 2009, the Sister Study enrolled 50 884 women who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer but were themselves breast cancer free. A case-cohort subsample was selected in July 2014 from the full Sister Study cohort. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and women were followed up through October 2016. Data analysis was performed in April 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the development of breast cancer in women. Whole-blood DNA methylation was measured, and methylation values were deconvoluted using the Houseman method to estimate proportions of 6 leukocyte subtypes (B cells, natural killer cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes). Leukocyte subtype proportions were dichotomized at their population median value, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations with breast cancer. RESULTS Among 2774 non-Hispanic white women included in the analysis (mean [SD] age at enrollment, 56.6 [8.8] years), 1295 women were randomly selected from the full cohort (of whom 91 developed breast cancer) along with an additional 1479 women who developed breast cancer during follow-up (mean [SD] time to diagnosis, 3.9 [2.2] years). Circulating proportions of B cells were positively associated with later breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36; P = .04). Among women who were premenopausal at blood collection, the association between B cells and breast cancer was significant (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.82; P = .02), and an inverse association for circulating proportions of monocytes was found (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99; P = .05). Among all women, associations between leukocyte subtypes and breast cancer were time dependent: higher monocyte proportions were associated with decreased near-term risk (within 1 year of blood collection, HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P = .01), whereas higher B cell proportions were associated with increased risk 4 or more years after blood collection (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Circulating leukocyte profiles may be altered before clinical diagnoses of breast cancer and may be time-dependent markers for breast cancer risk, particularly among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Kresovich
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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138
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Galliverti G, Wullschleger S, Tichet M, Murugan D, Zangger N, Horton W, Korman AJ, Coussens LM, Swartz MA, Hanahan D. Myeloid Cells Orchestrate Systemic Immunosuppression, Impairing the Efficacy of Immunotherapy against HPV + Cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:131-145. [PMID: 31771984 PMCID: PMC7485376 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancers induced by human papillomaviruses (HPV) should be responsive to immunotherapy by virtue of expressing the immunogenic oncoproteins E6/E7. However, advanced forms of cervical cancer, driven by HPV, are poorly responsive to immune response-enhancing treatments involving therapeutic vaccination against these viral neoantigens. Leveraging a transgenic mouse model of HPV-derived cancers, K14HPV16/H2b, we demonstrated that a potent nanoparticle-based E7 vaccine, but not a conventional "liquid" vaccine, induced E7 tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in cervical tumor-bearing mice. Vaccination alone or in combination with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4 did not elicit tumor regression nor increase CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting the presence of immune-suppressive barriers. Patients with cervical cancer have poor dendritic cell functions, have weak cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, and demonstrate an accumulation of myeloid cells in the periphery. Here, we illustrated that myeloid cells in K14HPV16/H2b mice possess potent immunosuppressive activity toward antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells, dampening antitumor immunity. These immune-inhibitory effects inhibited synergistic effects of combining our oncoprotein vaccine with immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. Our data highlighted a link between HPV-induced cancers, systemic amplification of myeloid cells, and the detrimental effects of myeloid cells on CD8+ T-cell activation and recruitment into the TME. These results established immunosuppressive myeloid cells in lymphoid organs as an HPV+ cancer-induced means of circumventing tumor immunity that will require targeted abrogation to enable the induction of efficacious antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Galliverti
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wullschleger
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dhaarini Murugan
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nadine Zangger
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Bioinformatics and Statistics, Swiss Cancer Center Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wesley Horton
- Computational Biology Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alan J Korman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Immuno-oncology Research, Redwood City, California
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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139
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Porcellato I, Silvestri S, Menchetti L, Recupero F, Mechelli L, Sforna M, Iussich S, Bongiovanni L, Lepri E, Brachelente C. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine melanocytic tumours: An investigation on the prognostic role of CD3 + and CD20 + lymphocytic populations. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:370-380. [PMID: 31750993 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of the immune response in several types of tumours has been rapidly increasing in recent years with the dual aim of understanding the interactions between neoplastic and immune cells and their importance in cancer pathogenesis and progression, as well as identifying targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite being considered one of the most immunogenic tumour types, melanoma can progress in the presence of abundant lymphocytic infiltration, therefore suggesting that the immune response is not able to efficiently control tumour growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 97 canine melanocytic tumours is associated with histologic indicators of malignancy and can be considered a prognostic factor in the dog. As a further step in the characterization of the immune response in melanocytic tumours, an immunohistochemical investigation was performed to evaluate the two main populations of TILs, T-lymphocytes (CD3+ ) and B-lymphocytes (CD20+ ). The results of our study show that TILs are present in a large proportion of canine melanocytic tumours, especially in oral melanomas, and that the infiltrate is usually mild. The quantity of CD20+ TILs was significantly associated with some histologic prognostic factors, such as the mitotic count, the cellular pleomorphism and the percentage of pigmented cells. Remarkably, a high infiltration of CD20+ TILs was associated with tumour-related death, presence of metastasis/recurrence, shorter overall and disease-free survival, increased hazard of death and of developing recurrence/metastasis, hence representing a potential new negative prognostic factor in canine melanocytic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serenella Silvestri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Recupero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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140
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Lee KE, Spata M, Maduka R, Vonderheide RH, Simon MC. Hif1α Deletion Limits Tissue Regeneration via Aberrant B Cell Accumulation in Experimental Pancreatitis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3457-3464. [PMID: 29924990 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas and ranks among the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Inflamed tissues frequently experience conditions of insufficient oxygen availability, or hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia and consequent stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) transcription factor occur in murine and human pancreatitis. Mice lacking pancreas-specific HIF1α expression display markedly impaired pancreatic regeneration following cerulein-induced pancreatitis, which is associated with excessive intrapancreatic B cell accumulation. Notably, B cell depletion in mice with established pancreatitis significantly enhances tissue regeneration. Our study reveals a crosstalk between pancreatic HIF1α expression and B cell trafficking that regulates tissue regeneration, and identifies plausible molecular targets for treating pancreatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Spata
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard Maduka
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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141
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Lei X, Lei Y, Li JK, Du WX, Li RG, Yang J, Li J, Li F, Tan HB. Immune cells within the tumor microenvironment: Biological functions and roles in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:126-133. [PMID: 31730903 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in tumorigenesis. It has been known that these tumor associated immune cells may possess tumor-antagonizing or tumor-promoting functions. Although the tumor-antagonizing immune cells within TME tend to target and kill the cancer cells in the early stage of tumorigenesis, the cancer cells seems to eventually escape from immune surveillance and even inhibit the cytotoxic function of tumor-antagonizing immune cells through a variety of mechanisms. The immune evasion capability, as a new hallmark of cancer, accidently provides opportunities for new strategies of cancer therapy, namely harnessing the immune cells to battle the cancer cells. Recently, the administrations of immune checkpoint modulators (represented by anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD antibodies) and adoptive immune cells (represented by CAR-T) have exhibited unexpected antitumor effect in multiple types of cancer, bringing a new era for cancer therapy. Here, we review the biological functions of immune cells within TME and their roles in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the perspectives of the basic studies for improving the effectiveness of the clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Fang County, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Jin-Ke Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Wei-Xing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Ru-Gui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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142
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Ragonnaud E, Moritoh K, Bodogai M, Gusev F, Garaud S, Chen C, Wang X, Baljinnyam T, Becker KG, Maul RW, Willard-Gallo K, Rogaev E, Biragyn A. Tumor-Derived Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Expands Bone Marrow B-cell Precursors in Circulation to Support Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5826-5838. [PMID: 31575547 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immature B cells in the bone marrow emigrate into the spleen during adult lymphopoiesis. Here, we report that emigration is shifted to earlier B-cell stages in mice with orthotopic breast cancer, spontaneous ovarian cancer, and possibly in human breast carcinoma. Using mouse and human bone marrow aspirates and mouse models challenged with highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that this was the result of secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by cancer cells. First, TSLP downregulated surface expression of bone marrow (BM) retention receptors CXCR4 and VLA4 in B-cell precursors, increasing their motility and, presumably, emigration. Then, TSLP supported peripheral survival and proliferation of BM B-cell precursors such as pre-B-like cells. 4T1 cancer cells used the increased pool of circulating pre-B-like cells to generate metastasis-supporting regulatory B cells. As such, the loss of TSLP expression in cancer cells alone or TSLPR deficiency in B cells blocked both accumulation of pre-B-like cells in circulation and cancer metastasis, implying that the pre-B cell-TSLP axis can be an attractive therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells induce premature emigration of B-cell precursors from the bone marrow to generate regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Ragonnaud
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica Bodogai
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fedor Gusev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chen Chen
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Wang
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert W Maul
- Antibody Diversity Section, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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143
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Griss J, Bauer W, Wagner C, Simon M, Chen M, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Maurer-Granofszky M, Roka F, Penz T, Bock C, Zhang G, Herlyn M, Glatz K, Läubli H, Mertz KD, Petzelbauer P, Wiesner T, Hartl M, Pickl WF, Somasundaram R, Steinberger P, Wagner SN. B cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4186. [PMID: 31519915 PMCID: PMC6744450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated inflammation predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Current theories on regulation of inflammation center on anti-tumor T cell responses. Here we show that tumor associated B cells are vital to melanoma associated inflammation. Human B cells express pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and differentiate into plasmablast-like cells when exposed to autologous melanoma secretomes in vitro. This plasmablast-like phenotype can be reconciled in human melanomas where plasmablast-like cells also express T cell-recruiting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5. Depletion of B cells in melanoma patients by anti-CD20 immunotherapy decreases tumor associated inflammation and CD8+ T cell numbers. Plasmablast-like cells also increase PD-1+ T cell activation through anti-PD-1 blockade in vitro and their frequency in pretherapy melanomas predicts response and survival to immune checkpoint blockade. Tumor associated B cells therefore orchestrate and sustain melanoma inflammation and may represent a predictor for survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Maurer-Granofszky
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Roka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery & The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
| | - Katharina Glatz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, 4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Division of Cellular Immunology and Immunohematology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajasekharan Somasundaram
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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144
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang N, Chen M, Wang H, Zhu D. Targeting the tumour immune microenvironment for cancer therapy in human gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:123-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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145
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Santos JMO, Moreira‐Pais A, Neto T, Peixoto da Silva S, Oliveira PA, Ferreira R, Mendes J, Bastos MMSM, Lopes C, Casaca F, Silva S, Sweeney C, Medeiros R, Gil da Costa RM. Dimethylaminoparthenolide reduces the incidence of dysplasia and ameliorates a wasting syndrome in HPV16‐transgenic mice. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:824-830. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. O. Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP)Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) Porto Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira‐Pais
- Organic Chemistry, Natural and Agro‐Food Products Research Unit (QOPNA)University of Aveiro (UA) Aveiro Portugal
| | - Tiago Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP)Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP)Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) Porto Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural and Agro‐Food Products Research Unit (QOPNA)University of Aveiro (UA) Aveiro Portugal
| | - Joaquim Mendes
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal
| | - Margarida M. S. M. Bastos
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE)Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Botelho Moniz Análises Clínicas (BMAC) Porto Portugal
| | - Fátima Casaca
- Botelho Moniz Análises Clínicas (BMAC) Porto Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva
- Botelho Moniz Análises Clínicas (BMAC) Porto Portugal
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP)Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) Porto Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer—Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro—Núcleo Regional do Norte) Porto Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED)Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University Porto Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP)Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE)Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD) and Tumour BiobankFederal University of Maranhão (UFMA) São Luís Brazil
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146
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Bjørgen H, Hellberg H, Løken OM, Gunnes G, Koppang EO, Dale OB. Tumor microenvironment and stroma in intestinal adenocarcinomas and associated metastases in Atlantic salmon broodfish (Salmo salar). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 214:109891. [PMID: 31378219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable tools in cancer research. In this context, salmon is a promising candidate. Intestinal adenocarcinoma with metastases may be induced as a consequence of a plant-based diet triggering the inflammation - dysplasia- carcinogenesis pathway. Here, we investigate the stroma and the presence and nature of immune cells in such tumors by staining for mast cells, immunohistochemistry for T cells and antigen-presenting cells and in situ hybridization for B cells. In intestinal tumors, substantial amounts of T cells were detected in the stroma, whilst MHC class II+ cells were mainly among the cancerous cells. Ig+ cells were observed primarily in the tumor periphery. Mast cells showed a strong association with stroma. In metastases, scarce amounts of T cells were detected, whilst MHC I and II-reactivity varied, some tumors being completely negative. Ig+ cells were scattered around the metastatic tissue in no particular pattern, but were occasionally observed within clusters of tumor cells. Small numbers of mast cells were detected in the stroma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing immune cells in fish tumors. The teleost tumor microenvironment seems comparable to that of mammals, making fish interesting model animals in oncoimmunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Oskar Mongstad Løken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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147
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Noé R, Petitprez F, Vano YA, Sanchez-Salas R, Becht E, Meilleroux J, Clec'h BL, Giraldo NA, Merle NS, Sun CM, Verkarre V, Validire P, Selves J, Lacroix L, Delfour O, Vandenberghe I, Thuilliez C, Keddani S, Sakhi IB, Barret E, Ferré P, Corvaïa N, Passioukov A, Chetaille E, Botto M, de Reynies A, Oudard SM, Mejean A, Cathelineau X, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Tumor Cells Hijack Macrophage-Produced Complement C1q to Promote Tumor Growth. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1091-1105. [PMID: 31164356 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) possesses an unmet medical need, particularly at the metastatic stage, when surgery is ineffective. Complement is a key factor in tissue inflammation, favoring cancer progression through the production of complement component 5a (C5a). However, the activation pathways that generate C5a in tumors remain obscure. By data mining, we identified ccRCC as a cancer type expressing concomitantly high expression of the components that are part of the classical complement pathway. To understand how the complement cascade is activated in ccRCC and impacts patients' clinical outcome, primary tumors from three patient cohorts (n = 106, 154, and 43), ccRCC cell lines, and tumor models in complement-deficient mice were used. High densities of cells producing classical complement pathway components C1q and C4 and the presence of C4 activation fragment deposits in primary tumors correlated with poor prognosis. The in situ orchestrated production of C1q by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and C1r, C1s, C4, and C3 by tumor cells associated with IgG deposits, led to C1 complex assembly, and complement activation. Accordingly, mice deficient in C1q, C4, or C3 displayed decreased tumor growth. However, the ccRCC tumors infiltrated with high densities of C1q-producing TAMs exhibited an immunosuppressed microenvironment, characterized by high expression of immune checkpoints (i.e., PD-1, Lag-3, PD-L1, and PD-L2). Our data have identified the classical complement pathway as a key inflammatory mechanism activated by the cooperation between tumor cells and TAMs, favoring cancer progression, and highlight potential therapeutic targets to restore an efficient immune reaction to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Noé
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yann A Vano
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Department of Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Becht
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Julie Meilleroux
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Le Clec'h
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Janick Selves
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Lacroix
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Keddani
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Imene B Sakhi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Barret
- Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ferré
- Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Marina Botto
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Marie Oudard
- Department of Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mejean
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Cathelineau
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France. .,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
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148
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Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, with tumours distorting this proclivity to stimulate proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. This had led to an interest in targeting macrophages in cancer, and preclinical studies have demonstrated efficacy across therapeutic modalities and tumour types. Much of the observed efficacy can be traced to the suppressive capacity of macrophages, driven by microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia and fibrosis. As a result, tumour macrophages display an ability to suppress T cell recruitment and function as well as to regulate other aspects of tumour immunity. With the increasing impact of cancer immunotherapy, macrophage targeting is now being evaluated in this context. Here, we discuss the results of clinical trials and the future of combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, ICCE Institute, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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149
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Gargiulo E, Paggetti J, Moussay E. Hematological Malignancy-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor Microenvironment: The Art of Turning Foes into Friends. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050511. [PMID: 31137912 PMCID: PMC6562645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (small EVs) are commonly released by all cells, and are found in all body fluids. They are implicated in cell to cell short- and long-distance communication through the transfer of genetic material and proteins, as well as interactions between target cell membrane receptors and ligands anchored on small EV membrane. Beyond their canonical functions in healthy tissues, small EVs are strategically used by tumors to communicate with the cellular microenvironment and to establish a proper niche which would ultimately allow cancer cell proliferation, escape from the immune surveillance, and metastasis formation. In this review, we highlight the effects of hematological malignancy-derived small EVs on immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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150
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Optoacoustic imaging of the breast: correlation with histopathology and histopathologic biomarkers. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:6728-6740. [PMID: 31134367 PMCID: PMC6828639 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted in order to investigate the role of gray-scale ultrasound (US) and optoacoustic imaging combined with gray-scale ultrasound (OA/US) to better differentiate between breast cancer molecular subtypes. Materials and methods All 67 malignant masses included in the Maestro trial were retrospectively reviewed to compare US and OA/US feature scores and histopathological findings. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the relationship between US and OA/US features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. If a significant relationship was found, additional Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used to identify the differences between molecular subtype groups. Results US sound transmission helped to differentiate between LUMA and LUMB, LUMB and TNBC, and LUMB and all other molecular subtypes combined (p values < 0.05). Regarding OA/US features, the sum of internal features helped to differentiate between TNBC and HER2-enriched subtypes (p = 0.049). Internal vessels (p = 0.025), sum of all internal features (p = 0.019), and sum of internal and external features (p = 0.028) helped to differentiate between LUMA and LUMB. All internal features, the sum of all internal features, the sum of all internal and external features, and the ratio of internal and external features helped to differentiate between LUMA and TNBC. The same features also helped to differentiate between LUMA and TNBC from other molecular subtypes (p values < 0.05). Conclusions The use of OA/US might help radiologists to better differentiate between breast cancer molecular subtypes. Further studies need to be carried out in order to validate these results. Key Points • The combination of functional and morphologic information provided by optoacoustic imaging (OA) combined with gray-scale US helped to differentiate between breast cancer molecular subtypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-019-06262-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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