101
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Aster JC, Pear WS, Blacklow SC. The Varied Roles of Notch in Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 12:245-275. [PMID: 27959635 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors influence cellular behavior by participating in a seemingly simple signaling pathway, but outcomes produced by Notch signaling are remarkably varied depending on signal dose and cell context. Here, after briefly reviewing new insights into physiologic mechanisms of Notch signaling in healthy tissues and defects in Notch signaling that contribute to congenital disorders and viral infection, we discuss the varied roles of Notch in cancer, focusing on cell autonomous activities that may be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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102
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Regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis by Raf kinase inhibitory protein-dependent Notch1 activity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4632-46. [PMID: 26716415 PMCID: PMC4826232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, has been implicated as a suppressor of metastasis and a prognostic marker in cancers. However, how RKIP acts as a suppressor during metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we show that RKIP activity in cervical and stomach cancer is inversely correlated with endogenous levels of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), which stimulates the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. The levels of RKIP were significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, whereas NICD levels were increased. Overexpression of RKIP in several cell lines resulted in a dramatic decrease of NICD and subsequent inhibition of several mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, N-cadherin, and Snail. In contrast, knockdown of RKIP exhibited opposite results both in vitro and in vivo using mouse models. Nevertheless, knockdown of Notch1 in cancer cells had no effect on the expression of RKIP, suggesting that RKIP is likely an upstream regulator of the Notch1 pathway. We also found that RKIP directly interacts with Notch1 but has no influence on the intracellular level of the γ-secretase complex that is necessary for Notch1 activation. These data suggest that RKIP plays a distinct role in activation of Notch1 during EMT and metastasis, providing a new target for cancer treatment.
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103
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Loss of CYLD expression unleashes Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma and is associated with aggressive disease. Oncogene 2016; 36:2105-2115. [PMID: 27775078 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deletion or mutation of the gene encoding the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is a common genomic aberration in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the functional consequence of CYLD loss and the mechanism underlying its putative role as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of MM has not been established. Here, we show that CYLD expression is highly variable in myeloma cell lines and primary MMs and that low CYLD expression is associated with disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM, and with poor overall and progression free-survival of MM patients. Functional assays revealed that CYLD represses MM cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, CYLD acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and loss of CYLD sensitizes MM cells to NF-κB-stimuli and Wnt ligands. Interestingly, in primary MMs, low CYLD expression strongly correlated with a proliferative and Wnt signaling-gene expression signature, but not with an NFκB target gene signature. Altogether, our findings identify CYLD as a negative regulator of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MM and indicate that loss of CYLD enhances MM aggressiveness through Wnt pathway activation. Thus, targeting the Wnt pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy in MM with loss of CYLD activity.
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104
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Verhoeft KR, Ngan HL, Lui VWY. The cylindromatosis ( CYLD) gene and head and neck tumorigenesis. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2016; 1:10. [PMID: 31093340 PMCID: PMC6460526 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-016-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germline CYLD mutation is associated with the development of a rare inheritable syndrome, called the CYLD cutaneous syndrome. Patients with this syndrome are distinctly presented with multiple tumors in the head and neck region, which can grow in size and number over time. Some of these benign head and neck tumors can turn into malignancies in some individuals. CYLD has been identified to be the only tumor suppressor gene reported to be associated with this syndrome thus far. Here, we summarize all reported CYLD germline mutations associated with this syndrome, as well as the reported paired somatic CYLD mutations of the developed tumors. Interestingly, whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of multiple cancer types also revealed CYLD mutations in many human malignancies, including head and neck cancers and several epithelial cancers. Currently, the role of CYLD mutations in head and neck carcinogenesis and other cancers is poorly defined. We hope that this timely review of recent findings on CYLD genetics and animal models for oncogenesis can provide important insights into the mechanism of head and neck tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Roberta Verhoeft
- 1Department of Clinical Oncology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, SAR Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Lam Ngan
- 2School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, SAR Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, SAR Hong Kong
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105
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Fernández-Majada V, Welz PS, Ermolaeva MA, Schell M, Adam A, Dietlein F, Komander D, Büttner R, Thomas RK, Schumacher B, Pasparakis M. The tumour suppressor CYLD regulates the p53 DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12508. [PMID: 27561390 PMCID: PMC5007442 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor CYLD is a deubiquitinase previously shown to inhibit NF-κB, MAP kinase and Wnt signalling. However, the tumour suppressing mechanisms of CYLD remain poorly understood. Here we show that loss of CYLD catalytic activity causes impaired DNA damage-induced p53 stabilization and activation in epithelial cells and sensitizes mice to chemical carcinogen-induced intestinal and skin tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, CYLD interacts with and deubiquitinates p53 facilitating its stabilization in response to genotoxic stress. Ubiquitin chain-restriction analysis provides evidence that CYLD removes K48 ubiquitin chains from p53 indirectly by cleaving K63 linkages, suggesting that p53 is decorated with complex K48/K63 chains. Moreover, CYLD deficiency also diminishes CEP-1/p53-dependent DNA damage-induced germ cell apoptosis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Collectively, our results identify CYLD as a deubiquitinase facilitating DNA damage-induced p53 activation and suggest that regulation of p53 responses to genotoxic stress contributes to the tumour suppressor function of CYLD. CYLD is a deubiquitinase known to act as a tumour suppressor in different models of carcinogenesis. Here, the authors show that CYLD suppresses carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis by deubiquitinating p53 and promoting its stabilization and activation in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Majada
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Maria A Ermolaeva
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Schell
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Alexander Adam
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Weyertal 115B, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straβe 26, Cologne 50931, Germany
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106
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Balistreri CR, Madonna R, Melino G, Caruso C. The emerging role of Notch pathway in ageing: Focus on the related mechanisms in age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:50-65. [PMID: 27328278 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for the development of all tissues, organs and systems of human body. Recently, a considerable and still growing number of studies have highlighted the contribution of Notch signaling in various pathological processes of the adult life, such as age-related diseases. In particular, the Notch pathway has emerged as major player in the maintenance of tissue specific homeostasis, through the control of proliferation, migration, phenotypes and functions of tissue cells, as well as in the cross-talk between inflammatory cells and the innate immune system, and in onset of inflammatory age-related diseases. However, until now there is a confounding evidence about the related mechanisms. Here, we discuss mechanisms through which Notch signaling acts in a very complex network of pathways, where it seems to have the crucial role of hub. Thus, we stress the possibility to use Notch pathway, the related molecules and pathways constituting this network, both as innovative (predictive, diagnostic and prognostic) biomarkers and targets for personalised treatments for age-related diseases.
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107
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Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy derived from early T cell progenitors. In recent years genomic and transcriptomic studies have uncovered major oncogenic and tumour suppressor pathways involved in T-ALL transformation and identified distinct biological groups associated with prognosis. An increased understanding of T-ALL biology has already translated into new prognostic biomarkers and improved animal models of leukaemia and has opened opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of this disease. In this Review we examine our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-ALL and recent developments in the translation of these results to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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108
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Notch Signaling Mediates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia Caused by Osteosarcoma. Sarcoma 2016; 2016:3758162. [PMID: 27378829 PMCID: PMC4917717 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3758162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia is mediated by the interaction between muscle stem cells and various tumor factors. Although Notch signaling has been known as a key regulator of both cancer development and muscle stem cell activity, the potential involvement of Notch signaling in cancer cachexia and concomitant muscle atrophy has yet to be elucidated. The murine K7M2 osteosarcoma cell line was used to generate an orthotopic model of sarcoma-associated cachexia, and the role of Notch signaling was evaluated. Skeletal muscle atrophy was observed in the sarcoma-bearing mice, and Notch signaling was highly active in both tumor tissues and the atrophic skeletal muscles. Systemic inhibition of Notch signaling reduced muscle atrophy. In vitro coculture of osteosarcoma cells with muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from normal mice resulted in decreased myogenic potential of MDSCs, while the application of Notch inhibitor was able to rescue this repressed myogenic potential. We further observed that Notch-activating factors reside in the exosomes of osteosarcoma cells, which activate Notch signaling in MDSCs and subsequently repress myogenesis. Our results revealed that signaling between tumor and muscle via the Notch pathway may play an important role in mediating the skeletal muscle atrophy seen in cancer cachexia.
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109
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Gekas C, D'Altri T, Aligué R, González J, Espinosa L, Bigas A. β-Catenin is required for T-cell leukemia initiation and MYC transcription downstream of Notch1. Leukemia 2016; 30:2002-2010. [PMID: 27125305 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch activation is instrumental in the development of most T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases, yet Notch mutations alone are not sufficient to recapitulate the full human disease in animal models. We here found that Notch1 activation at the fetal liver (FL) stage expanded the hematopoietic progenitor population and conferred it transplantable leukemic-initiating capacity. However, leukemogenesis and leukemic-initiating cell capacity induced by Notch1 was critically dependent on the levels of β-Catenin in both FL and adult bone marrow contexts. In addition, inhibition of β-Catenin compromised survival and proliferation of human T-ALL cell lines carrying activated Notch1. By transcriptome analyses, we identified the MYC pathway as a crucial element downstream of β-Catenin in these T-ALL cells and demonstrate that the MYC 3' enhancer required β-Catenin and Notch1 recruitment to induce transcription. Finally, PKF115-584 treatment prevented and partially reverted leukemogenesis induced by active Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gekas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T D'Altri
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Aligué
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J González
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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110
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De Falco F, Sabatini R, Del Papa B, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Sportoletti P, Baldoni S, Screpanti I, Marconi P, Rosati E. Notch signaling sustains the expression of Mcl-1 and the activity of eIF4E to promote cell survival in CLL. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16559-72. [PMID: 26041884 PMCID: PMC4599289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Notch1 and Notch2 signaling is constitutively activated and contributes to apoptosis resistance. We show that genetic inhibition of either Notch1 or Notch2, through small-interfering RNA, increases apoptosis of CLL cells and is associated with decreased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Thus, Notch signaling promotes CLL cell survival at least in part by sustaining Mcl-1 expression. In CLL cells, an enhanced Notch activation also contributes to the increase in Mcl-1 expression and cell survival induced by IL-4. Mcl-1 downregulation by Notch targeting is not due to reduced transcription or degradation by caspases, but in part, to increased degradation by the proteasome. Mcl-1 downregulation by Notch targeting is also accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), suggesting that this protein is another target of Notch signaling in CLL cells. Overall, we show that Notch signaling sustains CLL cell survival by promoting Mcl-1 expression and eIF4E activity, and given the oncogenic role of these factors, we underscore the therapeutic potential of Notch inhibition in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena De Falco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Sabatini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franca Falzetti
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Hematology Section, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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111
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Nie Q, Yue X, Liu B. Identification of the MmeHairy gene and expression analysis affected by two SNPs in the 3'-untranslated region in the clam Meretrix meretrix. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:46-52. [PMID: 26873874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a bHLH transcriptional repressor, Hairy-related proteins can bind to DNA sites in target gene promoters and negatively regulate gene transcription. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of Hairy was obtained from the clam Meretrix meretrix (MmeHairy), and two SNPs in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of this gene, SNP1066 and 1067, were identified and characterized. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MmeHairy belongs to the Hairy protein subfamily. Analysis of tissue expression patterns showed that the mRNA of MmeHairy had the highest expression level in the hepatopancreas. The expression levels of MmeHairy were up-regulated in the hepatopancreas after Vibrio challenge. Genotyping and quantitative analysis showed that the mRNA levels of MmeHairy were significantly different among individual clams with different genotypes at SNP1066 and 1067 (P < 0.05), which indicated that these two SNP loci may affect the expression of MmeHairy and could be used as candidate markers for future selection in M. meretrix breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Marine Science and Technology, College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao China.
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112
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Xu F, Wang J, Cao Z, Song M, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Li Y. cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway Induces Apoptosis by Inhibited NF-κB in Aluminum Chloride-Treated Lymphocytes In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:424-31. [PMID: 26280903 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore the apoptosis mechanism in lymphocytes of rats induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, the splenic lymphocytes of rats were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 for 24 h. The final concentrations of AlCl3 (AlCl3 · 6H2O) in supernatant were 0 (control group, CG), 0.3 mmol/L (low-dose group, LG), 0.6 mmol/L (mid-dose group, MG), and 1.2 mmol/L (high-dose group, HG), respectively. Lymphocytes Apoptosis rate, intracellular cAMP content, PKA, survivin, B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA expressions, and the mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB, p65) were detected, respectively. The results showed that apoptosis index of lymphocytes, cAMP content in intracellular and PKA mRNA expression were significantly upregulated, whereas NF-κB and survivin mRNA expressions, nuclear NF-κB (p65) protein expression, and the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression were downregulated in the AlCl3-treated groups compared with those in CG. The results indicated that the activated cAMP/PKA signaling pathway induces apoptosis by inhibited NF-κB in AlCl3-treated lymphocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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113
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Tang Z, Wei J, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Tang W, Long J, Zheng X, Jing W. γ-Secretase inhibitor reverts the Notch signaling attenuation of osteogenic differentiation in aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:439-47. [PMID: 26801333 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The age-related changes in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in the fracture healing process, especially in geriatric individuals. This study was designed to explore the age-related changes in murine BMSCs and the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs in vitro. Notch signaling pathway took part in the regulation of osteogensis, while the relationship between Notch and the osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs has not been reported yet. BMSCs harvested from the bone marrow of young, adult, and aged C57BL/6 mice were cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Histochemical staining results indicated that the osteogenic ability of BMSCs gradually decreased with aging, whereas the adipogenic ability increased. Cell activity assays showed that the proliferative and migrated capacity did not decline with aging significantly. According to real-time PCR and Western blotting results, the aged cells exhibited higher Notch signaling expression level than the younger ones did. After the aged BMSCs being treated with γ-secretase inhibitor, however, Notch activity was changed and the aging-imparied osteogenic ability reverted to a normal level. This study demonstrated that the decreased bone formation capacity in aged BMSCs had relationship with the transdifferentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which would be regulated by Notch signaling pathway and the attenuated osteogenesis in aged BMSCs could be promoted when the inhibition of Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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114
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Galardy PJ, Bedekovics T, Hermiston ML. Targeting childhood, adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma: therapeutic horizons. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:625-36. [PMID: 27019108 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common malignancy in children, adolescents and young adults (CAYA). NHL is a diverse set of diseases that arise at key regulatory checkpoints during B or T cell development in the bone marrow, germinal centre or thymus. While advances in the use of conventional cytotoxic agents have led to dramatic improvements in survival, these cures are associated with significant acute and long-term toxicities. Moreover, the prognosis for CAYA patients with relapsed or refractory NHL remains dismal, with the vast majority dying of their disease. Thanks to a large number of candidate-based biological studies, together with large-scale sequencing efforts, there has been an explosion of knowledge regarding the molecular pathophysiology of B- and T-NHL. This has ushered development of a flurry of novel therapeutic approaches that may simultaneously provide new hope for relapsed patients and an opportunity to reduce the therapeutic burden in newly diagnosed CAYA. Here we review a selection of the most promising new therapeutic approaches to these diseases. While the vast majority of these agents are untested in children, on-going work from many cooperative groups will soon explore their use in paediatric disease, in hope of further improving outcomes while maximizing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Galardy
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tibor Bedekovics
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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115
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Shang Y, Smith S, Hu X. Role of Notch signaling in regulating innate immunity and inflammation in health and disease. Protein Cell 2016; 7:159-74. [PMID: 26936847 PMCID: PMC4791423 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is conserved from Drosophila to mammals and is critically involved in developmental processes. In the immune system, it has been established that Notch signaling regulates multiple steps of T and B cell development in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Relative to the well documented role of Notch signaling in lymphocyte development, less is known about its role in regulating myeloid lineage development and function, especially in the context of acute and chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will describe the evidence accumulated during the recent years to support a key regulatory role of the Notch pathway in innate immune and inflammatory responses and discuss the potential implications of such regulation for pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Shang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sinead Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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116
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Zhang L, Ding Y, Yuan Z, Liu J, Sun J, Lei F, Wu S, Li S, Zhang D. MicroRNA-500 sustains nuclear factor-κB activation and induces gastric cancer cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2483-95. [PMID: 25595906 PMCID: PMC4385865 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin deconjugation of key signalling molecules by deubiquitinases (DUBs) such as cylindromatosis (CYLD), A20, and OTU deubiquitinase 7B (OTUD7B) has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in the downregulation of NF-κB signalling and homeostasis. However, how these serial negative regulations are simultaneously disrupted to result in constitutive activation of NF-κB signalling in cancers remains puzzling. Here, we report that the miR-500 directly repressed the expression of CYLD, OTUD7B, and the A20 complex component Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1), leading to ubiquitin conjugation of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and sustained NF-ĸB activation. Furthermore, we found that miR-500 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumorigenicity. Importantly, miR-500 was upregulated in gastric cancer and was highly correlated with malignant progression and poor survival. Hence, we report the uncovering of a novel mechanism for constitutive NF-κB activation, indicating the potentially pivotal role of miR-500 in the progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Su Li
- Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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117
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Hellerbrand C, Massoumi R. Cylindromatosis-A Protective Molecule against Liver Diseases. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:342-59. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village; Lund University; 22381 Lund Sweden
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118
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Mathis BJ, Lai Y, Qu C, Janicki JS, Cui T. CYLD-mediated signaling and diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:284-94. [PMID: 25342597 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141024152421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved cylindromatosis (CYLD) codes for a deubiquitinating enzyme and is a crucial regulator of diverse cellular processes such as immune responses, inflammation, death, and proliferation. It directly regulates multiple key signaling cascades, such as the Nuclear Factor kappa B [NFkB] and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, by its catalytic activity on polyubiquitinated key intermediates. Several lines of emerging evidence have linked CYLD to the pathogenesis of various maladies, including cancer, poor infection control, lung fibrosis, neural development, and now cardiovascular dysfunction. While CYLD-mediated signaling is cell type and stimuli specific, the activity of CYLD is tightly controlled by phosphorylation and other regulators such as Snail. This review explores a broad selection of current and past literature regarding CYLD's expression, function and regulation with emerging reports on its role in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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119
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Guo J, Shinriki S, Su Y, Nakamura T, Hayashi M, Tsuda Y, Murakami Y, Tasaki M, Hide T, Takezaki T, Kuratsu JI, Yamashita S, Ueda M, Li JD, Ando Y, Jono H. Hypoxia suppresses cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression to promote inflammation in glioblastoma: possible link to acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6353-64. [PMID: 25071012 PMCID: PMC4171635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a tumor suppressor that regulates signaling pathways by acting as a deubiquitinating enzyme. CYLDdown-regulation occurred in several malignancies, with tumor-promoting effects. Although we found loss of CYLD expression in hypoxic regions of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, biological roles of CYLD in GBM remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the biological significance of CYLD down-regulation to GBM progression and therapy. CYLD mRNA transcription was dramatically down-regulated in hypoxic GBM cells, consistent with our clinical observations of human GBM tissues. Hypoxia enhanced both basal and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, whereas CYLD overexpression strongly counteracted these responses. In addition, chronic anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, with enhanced hypoxia produced responses similar to these CYLD-regulated proinflammatory responses in a xenograft mouse model. Histologically, CYLD clearly prevented massive immune cell infiltration surrounding necrotic regions, and pseudopalisades appeared in bevacizumab-treated control tumors. Furthermore, CYLD overexpression, which had no impact on survival by itself, significantly improved the prosurvival effect of bevacizumab. These data suggest that CYLD down-regulation is crucial for hypoxia-mediated inflammation in GBM, which may affect the long-term efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Guo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukimoto Tsuda
- School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Tasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takezaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kuratsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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120
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Notch1 Pathway Activation Results from the Epigenetic Abrogation of Notch-Related MicroRNAs in Mycosis Fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3144-3152. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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121
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Synchronized Targeting of Notch and ERBB Signaling Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:464-472. [PMID: 26967479 PMCID: PMC4789778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in melanoma therapy, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 15%. Thus, novel treatments are required to address this disease. Notch and ERBB are evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades required for the maintenance of melanocyte precursors. We show that active Notch1 (Notch1(NIC)) and active (phosphorylated) ERBB3 and ERBB2 correlate significantly and are similarly expressed in both mutated and wild-type BRAF melanomas, suggesting these receptors are co-reactivated in melanoma to promote survival. Whereas blocking either pathway triggers modest effects, combining a ?-secretase inhibitor to block Notch activation and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to inhibit ERBB3/2 elicits synergistic effects, reducing cell viability by 90% and hampering melanoma tumor growth. Specific inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3 mimics these results, suggesting these are the critical factors triggering melanoma tumor expansion. Notch and ERBB inhibition blunts AKT and NF?B signaling. Constitutive expression of NF?B partially rescues cell death. Blockade of both Notch and ERBB signaling inhibits the slow cycling JARID1B-positive cell population, which is critical for long-term maintenance of melanoma growth. We propose that blocking these pathways is an effective approach to treatment of melanoma patients regardless of whether they carry mutated or wild-type BRAF.
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122
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Moselhy J, Srinivasan S, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Natural Products That Target Cancer Stem Cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:5773-5788. [PMID: 26503998 PMCID: PMC7523548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model suggests that tumor initiation is governed by a small subset of distinct cells with stem-like character termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs possess properties of self-renewal and intrinsic survival mechanisms that contribute to resistance of tumors to most chemotherapeutic drugs. The failure to eradicate CSCs during the course of therapy is postulated to be the driving force for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Recent studies have focused on understanding the unique phenotypic properties of CSCs from various tumor types, as well as the signaling pathways that underlie self-renewal and drug resistance. Natural products (NPs) such as those derived from botanicals and food sources may modulate vital signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of CSC phenotype. The Wingless/Integrated (WNT), Hedgehog, Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways have all been associated with quiescence and self-renewal of CSCs, as well as execution of CSC function including differentiation, multidrug resistance and metastasis. Recent studies evaluating NPs against CSC support the epidemiological evidence linking plant-based diets with reduced malignancy rates. This review covers the key aspects of NPs as modulators of CSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Moselhy
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | | | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.
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123
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Thounaojam MC, Dudimah DF, Pellom ST, Uzhachenko RV, Carbone DP, Dikov MM, Shanker A. Bortezomib enhances expression of effector molecules in anti-tumor CD8+ T lymphocytes by promoting Notch-nuclear factor-κB crosstalk. Oncotarget 2015; 6:32439-55. [PMID: 26431276 PMCID: PMC4741704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment usurps host antitumor immunity by multiple mechanisms including interference with the Notch system, which is important for various metazoan cell fate decisions and hematopoietic cell differentiation and function. We observed that treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in mice bearing various solid tumors resulted in an upregulated expression of various Notch signaling components in lymphoid tissues, thereby increasing CD8+T-lymphocyte IFNγ secretion and expression of effector molecules, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin. Bortezomib also neutralized TGFβ-mediated suppression of IFNγ and granzyme B expression in activated CD8+T-cells. Of note, bortezomib reversed tumor-induced downregulation of Notch receptors, Notch1 and Notch2, as well as increased the levels of cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1 in tumor-draining CD8+T-cells. Moreover, bortezomib promoted CD8+T-cell nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activity by increasing the total and phosphorylated levels of the IκB kinase and IκBα as well as the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of phosphorylated p65. Even when we blocked NFκB activity by Bay-11-7082, or NICD cleavage by γ-secretase inhibitor, bortezomib significantly increased expression of Notch Hes1 and Hey1 genes as well as perforin, granzyme B and eomesodermin in activated CD8+T-cells. Data suggest that bortezomib can rescue tumor-induced dysfunction of CD8+T-cells by its intrinsic stimulatory effects promoting NICD-NFκB crosstalk. These findings provide novel insights on using bortezomib not only as an agent to sensitize tumors to cell death but also to provide lymphocyte-stimulatory effects, thereby overcoming immunosuppressive actions of tumor on anti-tumor T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Duafalia F. Dudimah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel T. Pellom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman V. Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David P. Carbone
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mikhail M. Dikov
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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124
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Notch Signaling in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Labor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15221. [PMID: 26472156 PMCID: PMC4607997 DOI: 10.1038/srep15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays an important role in regulation of innate immune responses and trophoblast function during pregnancy. To identify the role of Notch signaling in preterm labor, Notch receptors (Notch1-4), its ligands (DLL (Delta-like protein)-1/3/4), Jagged 1/2) and Notch-induced transcription factor Hes1 were assessed during preterm labor. Preterm labor was initiated on gestation day 14.5 by intrauterine (IU) injection of peptidoglycan (PGN) and polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (poly(I:C). Notch1, Notch2, Notch4, DLL-1 and nuclear localization of Hes1 were significantly elevated in uterus and placenta during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. Ex vivo, Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) (inhibitor of Notch receptor processing) significantly diminished the PGN+poly(I:C)-induced secretion of M1- and M2-associated cytokines in decidual macrophages, and of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (MIP-1β) in decidual and placental cells. Conversely, angiogenesis factors including Notch ligands Jagged 1/2 and DLL-4 and VEGF were significantly reduced in uterus and placenta during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. In vivo GSI treatment prevents PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm delivery by 55.5% and increased the number of live fetuses in-utero significantly compared to respective controls 48 hrs after injections. In summary, Notch signaling is activated during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor, resulting in upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses, and its inhibition improves in-utero survival of live fetuses.
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125
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Agrawal V, Jaiswal MK, Pamarthy S, Katara GK, Kulshrestha A, Gilman-Sachs A, Hirsch E, Beaman KD. Role of Notch signaling during lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 100:261-74. [PMID: 26373439 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0515-200rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathways exert effects throughout pregnancy and are activated in response to TLR ligands. To investigate the role of Notch signaling in preterm labor, Notch receptors (Notch1-4), its ligand Delta-like protein-1, transcriptional repressor hairy and enhancer of split-1, and Notch deregulator Numb were assessed. Preterm labor was initiated on gestation d 14.5 by 1 of 2 methods: 1) inflammation-induced preterm labor: intrauterine injection of LPS (a TLR4 agonist) and 2) hormonally induced preterm labor: subcutaneous injection of mifepristone. Delta-like protein-1, Notch1, and hairy and enhancer of split-1 were elevated significantly, and Numb was decreased in the uterus and placenta of inflammation-induced preterm labor mice but remained unchanged in hormonally induced preterm labor compared with their respective controls. F4/80(+) macrophage polarization was skewed in the uterus of inflammation-induced preterm labor toward M1-positive (CD11c(+)) and double-positive [CD11c(+) (M1) and CD206(+) (M2)] cells. This process is dependent on activation of Notch signaling, as shown by suppression of M1 and M2 macrophage-associated cytokines in decidual macrophages in response to γ-secretase inhibitor (an inhibitor of Notch receptor processing) treatment ex vivo. γ-Secretase inhibitor treatment also diminished the LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in decidual and placental cells cultured ex vivo. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant Delta-like protein-1 ligand enhanced the LPS-induced proinflammatory response. Notch ligands (Jagged 1 and 2 and Delta-like protein-4) and vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor involved in angiogenesis were reduced significantly in the uterus and placenta during inflammation-induced preterm labor. These results suggest that up-regulation of Notch-related inflammation and down-regulation of angiogenesis factors may be associated with inflammation-induced preterm labor but not with hormonally induced preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varkha Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
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Verhein KC, McCaw Z, Gladwell W, Trivedi S, Bushel PR, Kleeberger SR. Novel Roles for Notch3 and Notch4 Receptors in Gene Expression and Susceptibility to Ozone-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:799-805. [PMID: 25658374 PMCID: PMC4529014 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is a highly toxic air pollutant and global health concern. Mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation are not completely understood. We hypothesized that Notch3 and Notch4 are important determinants of susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Wild-type (WT), Notch3 (Notch3-/-), and Notch4 (Notch4-/-) knockout mice were exposed to ozone (0.3 ppm) or filtered air for 6-72 hr. RESULTS Relative to air-exposed controls, ozone increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, a marker of lung permeability, in all genotypes, but significantly greater concentrations were found in Notch4-/- compared with WT and Notch3-/- mice. Significantly greater mean numbers of BALF neutrophils were found in Notch3-/- and Notch4-/- mice compared with WT mice after ozone exposure. Expression of whole lung Tnf was significantly increased after ozone in Notch3-/- and Notch4-/- mice, and was significantly greater in Notch3-/- compared with WT mice. Statistical analyses of the transcriptome identified differentially expressed gene networks between WT and knockout mice basally and after ozone, and included Trim30, a member of the inflammasome pathway, and Traf6, an inflammatory signaling member. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings are consistent with Notch3 and Notch4 as susceptibility genes for ozone-induced lung injury, and suggest that Notch receptors protect against innate immune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Verhein
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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AduPARE1A and gemcitabine combined treatment trigger synergistic antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer through NF-κB mediated uPAR activation. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:146. [PMID: 26227809 PMCID: PMC4521493 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined treatment of oncolytic adenoviruses with chemotherapeutic agents is foreseen as a therapeutic option for cancer. Here we have investigated the potential to use gemcitabine in combination with the oncolytic adenovirus AduPARE1A to treat pancreatic cancer and evaluate the underlying mechanism. METHODS We treated pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 with AduPARE1A and gemcitabine individually or in combination and analyzed cell viability, combination index, apoptosis and viral production. We also investigated the effects of the combination on tumor growth and mice survival in two xenograft models. Furthermore, we analyzed uPAR promoter activity from different uPAR-controlled adenovirus and studied NF-κB mediated effects. RESULTS Synergistic cell killing from the combination AduPARE1A/Gemcitabine was observed in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the combination treatment produced therapeutic benefits over either individual modality in two mouse models bearing orthotopic tumors, showing reduced tumor progression and significant prolonged mouse survival. Mechanistic studies showed that the synergistic cell death was not due to an increase in viral replication but occurred through an enhancement of apoptotic cell death. Gemcitabine stimulation increased the transcription of uPAR-controlled transgenes through the induction of NF-κB acting on the uPAR promoter. Interestingly, NF-κB gemcitabine-mediated induction of AduPAR adenoviruses interfered with the activation of NF-κB regulated genes, probably as a result of an intracellular competition for NF-κB DNA binding. Consequently, AduPARE1A infection sensitized cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data highlights the potential of the combination as a treatment modality for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Schnell SA, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Sanchez-Martin M, Belver L, Xu L, Qin Y, Kageyama R, Ferrando AA. Therapeutic targeting of HES1 transcriptional programs in T-ALL. Blood 2015; 125:2806-14. [PMID: 25784680 PMCID: PMC4424629 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-608448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of NOTCH1 signaling plays a central role in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with mutations on this signaling pathway affecting more than 60% of patients at diagnosis. However, the transcriptional regulatory circuitries driving T-cell transformation downstream of NOTCH1 remain incompletely understood. Here we identify Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1), a transcriptional repressor controlled by NOTCH1, as a critical mediator of NOTCH1-induced leukemogenesis strictly required for tumor cell survival. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HES1 directly downregulates the expression of BBC3, the gene encoding the PUMA BH3-only proapoptotic factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Finally, we identify perhexiline, a small-molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, as a HES1-signature antagonist drug with robust antileukemic activity against NOTCH1-induced leukemias in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Luyao Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yue Qin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Pathology and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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129
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Yang Y, Ran J, Sun L, Sun X, Luo Y, Yan B, Tala, Liu M, Li D, Zhang L, Bao G, Zhou J. CYLD Regulates Noscapine Activity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia via a Microtubule-Dependent Mechanism. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:656-66. [PMID: 25897332 PMCID: PMC4402491 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Noscapine is an orally administrable drug used worldwide for cough suppression and has recently been demonstrated to disrupt microtubule dynamics and possess anticancer activity. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating noscapine activity remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that cylindromatosis (CYLD), a microtubule-associated tumor suppressor protein, modulates the activity of noscapine both in cell lines and in primary cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy reveal that CYLD increases the ability of noscapine to induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Examination of cellular microtubules as well as in vitro assembled microtubules shows that CYLD enhances the effect of noscapine on microtubule polymerization. Microtubule cosedimentation and fluorescence titration assays further reveal that CYLD interacts with microtubule outer surface and promotes noscapine binding to microtubules. These findings thus demonstrate CYLD as a critical regulator of noscapine activity and have important implications for ALL treatment.
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130
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Mu X, Tang Y, Lu A, Takayama K, Usas A, Wang B, Weiss K, Huard J. The role of Notch signaling in muscle progenitor cell depletion and the rapid onset of histopathology in muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2923-37. [PMID: 25678553 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been speculated that stem cell depletion plays a role in the rapid progression of the muscle histopathology associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for stem cell depletion remain poorly understood. The rapid depletion of muscle stem cells has not been observed in the dystrophin-deficient model of DMD (mdx mouse), which may explain the relatively mild dystrophic phenotype observed in this animal model. In contrast, we have observed a rapid occurrence of stem cell depletion in the dystrophin/utrophin double knockout (dKO) mouse model, which exhibits histopathological features that more closely recapitulate the phenotype observed in DMD patients compared with the mdx mouse. Notch signaling has been found to be a key regulator of stem cell self-renewal and myogenesis in normal skeletal muscle; however, little is known about the role that Notch plays in the development of the dystrophic histopathology associated with DMD. Our results revealed an over-activation of Notch in the skeletal muscles of dKO mice, which correlated with sustained inflammation, impaired muscle regeneration and the rapid depletion and senescence of the muscle progenitor cells (MPCs, i.e. Pax7+ cells). Consequently, the repression of Notch in the skeletal muscle of dKO mice delayed/reduced the depletion and senescence of MPCs, and restored the myogenesis capacity while reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We suggest that the down-regulation of Notch could represent a viable approach to reduce the dystrophic histopathologies associated with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Koji Takayama
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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131
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Inflammatory signaling regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence in vertebrates. Blood 2015; 125:1098-106. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-601542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
TLR4–MyD88–NF-κB is required for HSPC emergence in zebrafish and mouse embryos. Notch functions downstream of inflammatory signaling to regulate HSPC emergence.
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132
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Maraver A, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Cash TP, Mendez-Pertuz M, Dueñas M, Maietta P, Martinelli P, Muñoz-Martin M, Martínez-Fernández M, Cañamero M, Roncador G, Martinez-Torrecuadrada JL, Grivas D, de la Pompa JL, Valencia A, Paramio JM, Real FX, Serrano M. NOTCH pathway inactivation promotes bladder cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:824-30. [PMID: 25574842 DOI: 10.1172/jci78185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling suppresses tumor growth and proliferation in several types of stratified epithelia. Here, we show that missense mutations in NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 found in human bladder cancers result in loss of function. In murine models, genetic ablation of the NOTCH pathway accelerated bladder tumorigenesis and promoted the formation of squamous cell carcinomas, with areas of mesenchymal features. Using bladder cancer cells, we determined that the NOTCH pathway stabilizes the epithelial phenotype through its effector HES1 and, consequently, loss of NOTCH activity favors the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Evaluation of human bladder cancer samples revealed that tumors with low levels of HES1 present mesenchymal features and are more aggressive. Together, our results indicate that NOTCH serves as a tumor suppressor in the bladder and that loss of this pathway promotes mesenchymal and invasive features.
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133
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He F, Guo FC, Li Z, Yu HC, Ma PF, Zhao JL, Feng L, Li WN, Liu XW, Qin HY, Dou KF, Han H. Myeloid-specific disruption of recombination signal binding protein Jκ ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by attenuating inflammation through cylindromatosis in mice. Hepatology 2015; 61:303-14. [PMID: 25145286 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophages play multidimensional roles in hepatic fibrosis, but their control has not been fully understood. The Notch pathway mediated by recombination signal binding protein Jκ (RBP-J), the transcription factor transactivated by signals from four mammalian Notch receptors, is implicated in macrophage activation and plasticity. In this study, by using mouse hepatic fibrosis models, we show that myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J resulted in attenuated fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cells and production of profibrotic factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) reduced significantly in myeloid-specific RBP-J deficient mice. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory factors were reduced in liver of myeloid-specific RBP-J-deficient mice during fibrosis. In RBP-J-deficient macrophages, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was remarkably attenuated as compared with the control. This could be attributed to the up-regulation of cylindromatosis (CYLD), a negative regulator of NF-κB, in Notch signal-compromised macrophages, because the knockdown of CYLD in RBP-J-deficient macrophages or overexpression of p65 in RBP-J knockdown cells both restored NF-κB activation and the production of proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors by macrophages. In human hepatic fibrosis biopsies, stronger Notch activation is correlated with more severe fibrosis, which is accompanied by a lower level of CYLD but irrespective of etiological reasons. CONCLUSION RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling is required for macrophages to promote hepatic fibrosis by up-regulation of NF-κB activation through CYLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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134
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Su YX, Hou CC, Yang WX. Control of hair cell development by molecular pathways involving Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5. Gene 2014; 558:6-24. [PMID: 25550047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5 are crucial for normal inner ear hair cell development. They regulate the expression of each other in a complex network, while they also interact with many other genes and pathways, such as Notch, FGF, SHH, WNT, BMP and RA. This paper summarized molecular pathways that involve Atoh1, Hes1, and Hes5. Some of the pathways and gene regulation mechanisms discussed here were studied in other tissues, yet they might inspire studies in inner ear hair cell development. Thereby, we presented a complex regulatory network involving these three genes, which might be crucial for proliferation and differentiation of inner ear hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xun Su
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong-Cong Hou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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135
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Sahasrabuddhe AA, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in hematologic malignancies. Immunol Rev 2014; 263:224-39. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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136
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Rajan N, Elliott RJ, Smith A, Sinclair N, Swift S, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. The cylindromatosis gene product, CYLD, interacts with MIB2 to regulate notch signalling. Oncotarget 2014; 5:12126-40. [PMID: 25565632 PMCID: PMC4322962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CYLD, an ubiquitin hydrolase, has an expanding repertoire of regulatory roles in cell signalling and is dysregulated in a number of cancers. To dissect CYLD function we used a proteomics approach to identify CYLD interacting proteins and identified MIB2, an ubiquitin ligase enzyme involved in Notch signalling, as a protein which interacts with CYLD. Coexpression of CYLD and MIB2 resulted in stabilisation of MIB2 protein levels and was associated with reduced levels of JAG2, a ligand implicated in Notch signalling. Conversely, gene silencing of CYLD using siRNA, resulted in increased JAG2 expression and upregulation of Notch signalling. We investigated Notch pathway activity in skin tumours from patients with germline mutations in CYLD and found that JAG2 protein levels and Notch target genes were upregulated. In particular, RUNX1 was overexpressed in CYLD defective tumour cells. Finally, primary cell cultures of CYLD defective tumours demonstrated reduced viability when exposed to γ-secretase inhibitors that pharmacologically target Notch signalling. Taken together these data indicate an oncogenic dependency on Notch signalling and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches for patients with CYLD defective tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rajan
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Richard J.R. Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alice Smith
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Naomi Sinclair
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sally Swift
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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137
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Espín-Palazón R, Stachura DL, Campbell CA, García-Moreno D, Del Cid N, Kim AD, Candel S, Meseguer J, Mulero V, Traver D. Proinflammatory signaling regulates hematopoietic stem cell emergence. Cell 2014; 159:1070-1085. [PMID: 25416946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) underlie the production of blood and immune cells for the lifetime of an organism. In vertebrate embryos, HSCs arise from the unique transdifferentiation of hemogenic endothelium comprising the floor of the dorsal aorta during a brief developmental window. To date, this process has not been replicated in vitro from pluripotent precursors, partly because the full complement of required signaling inputs remains to be determined. Here, we show that TNFR2 via TNF? activates the Notch and NF-?B signaling pathways to establish HSC fate, indicating a requirement for inflammatory signaling in HSC generation. We determine that primitive neutrophils are the major source of TNF?, assigning a role for transient innate immune cells in establishing the HSC program. These results demonstrate that proinflammatory signaling, in the absence of infection, is utilized by the developing embryo to generate the lineal precursors of the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Espín-Palazón
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Clyde A Campbell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Natasha Del Cid
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sergio Candel
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 6107, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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138
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Rapid childhood T-ALL growth in xenograft models correlates with mature phenotype and NF-κB pathway activation but not with poor prognosis. Leukemia 2014; 29:977-80. [PMID: 25371179 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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139
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Villalba M, Lopez-Royuela N, Krzywinska E, Rathore MG, Hipskind RA, Haouas H, Allende-Vega N. Chemical metabolic inhibitors for the treatment of blood-borne cancers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:223-32. [PMID: 24237221 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells, including leukemic cells, remodel their bioenergetic system in favor of aerobic glycolysis. This process is called "the Warburg effect" and offers an attractive pharmacological target to preferentially eliminate malignant cells. In addition, recent results show that metabolic changes can be linked to tumor immune evasion. Mouse models demonstrate the importance of this metabolic remodeling in leukemogenesis. Some leukemias, although treatable, remain incurable and resistance to chemotherapy produces an elevated percentage of relapse in most leukemia cases. Several groups have targeted the specific metabolism of leukemia cells in preclinical and clinical studies to improve the prognosis of these patients, i.e. using L-asparaginase to treat pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Additional metabolic drugs that are currently being used to treat other diseases or tumors could also be exploited for leukemia, based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss the potential use of several metabolic drugs in combination therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) or immune cell-based therapies, to increase their efficacy and reduce side effects in the treatment of hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1040, Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche. 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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140
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Kato T, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Nishikii H, Ueno M, Miyake Y, Yokoyama Y, Asabe Y, Kamada Y, Muto H, Obara N, Suzukawa K, Hasegawa Y, Kitabayashi I, Uchida K, Hirao A, Yagita H, Kageyama R, Chiba S. Hes1 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia development through FLT3 repression. Leukemia 2014; 29:576-85. [PMID: 25234168 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In leukemogenesis, Notch signaling can be up and downregulated in a context-dependent manner. The transcription factor hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) is well-characterized as a downstream target of Notch signaling. Hes1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-type protein, and represses target gene expression. Here, we report that deletion of the Hes1 gene in mice promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development induced by the MLL-AF9 fusion protein. We then found that Hes1 directly bound to the promoter region of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and downregulated the promoter activity. FLT3 was consequently upregulated in MLL-AF9-expressing immortalized and leukemia cells with a Hes1- or RBPJ-null background. MLL-AF9-expressing Hes1-null AML cells showed enhanced proliferation and ERK phosphorylation following FLT3 ligand stimulation. FLT3 inhibition efficiently abrogated proliferation of MLL-AF9-induced Hes1-null AML cells. Furthermore, an agonistic anti-Notch2 antibody induced apoptosis of MLL-AF9-induced AML cells in a Hes1-wild type but not a Hes1-null background. We also accessed two independent databases containing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and found that the expression level of FLT3 mRNA was negatively correlated with those of HES1 in patient AML samples. These observations demonstrate that Hes1 mediates tumor suppressive roles of Notch signaling in AML development, probably by downregulating FLT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Life Science center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [3] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Sakata-Yanagimoto
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ueno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Asabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Kamada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Muto
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N Obara
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Suzukawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - I Kitabayashi
- Molecular Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Molecular Biological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Kageyama
- 1] Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan [2] World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Chiba
- 1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [2] Life Science center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan [3] Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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141
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Spivak JL, Considine M, Williams DM, Talbot CC, Rogers O, Moliterno AR, Jie C, Ochs MF. Two clinical phenotypes in polycythemia vera. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:808-17. [PMID: 25162887 PMCID: PMC4211877 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera is the ultimate phenotypic consequence of the V617F mutation in Janus kinase 2 (encoded by JAK2), but the extent to which this mutation influences the behavior of the involved CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells is unknown. METHODS We analyzed gene expression in CD34+ peripheral-blood cells from 19 patients with polycythemia vera, using oligonucleotide microarray technology after correcting for potential confounding by sex, since the phenotypic features of the disease differ between men and women. RESULTS Men with polycythemia vera had twice as many up-regulated or down-regulated genes as women with polycythemia vera, in a comparison of gene expression in the patients and in healthy persons of the same sex, but there were 102 genes with differential regulation that was concordant in men and women. When these genes were used for class discovery by means of unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the 19 patients could be divided into two groups that did not differ significantly with respect to age, neutrophil JAK2 V617F allele burden, white-cell count, platelet count, or clonal dominance. However, they did differ significantly with respect to disease duration; hemoglobin level; frequency of thromboembolic events, palpable splenomegaly, and splenectomy; chemotherapy exposure; leukemic transformation; and survival. The unsupervised clustering was confirmed by a supervised approach with the use of a top-scoring-pair classifier that segregated the 19 patients into the same two phenotypic groups with 100% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Removing sex as a potential confounder, we identified an accurate molecular method for classifying patients with polycythemia vera according to disease behavior, independently of their JAK2 V617F allele burden, and identified previously unrecognized molecular pathways in polycythemia vera outside the canonical JAK2 pathway that may be amenable to targeted therapy. (Funded by the Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L Spivak
- From the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine (J.L.S., D.M.W., O.R., A.R.M.), Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.C.), and the Basic Science Institute (C.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.); and the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of New Jersey, Ewing (M.F.O.)
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142
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Contrasting roles of histone 3 lysine 27 demethylases in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature 2014; 514:513-7. [PMID: 25132549 PMCID: PMC4209203 DOI: 10.1038/nature13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematological malignancy with dismal overall prognosis, exhibiting up to a 25% relapse rate, mainly due to the absence of non-cytotoxic targeted therapy options. Despite the fact that drugs targeting the function of key epigenetic factors have been approved in the context of hematopoietic disorders1 and the recent identification of mutations affecting chromatin modulators in a variety of leukemias2,3, “epigenetic” drugs are not currently used for TALL treatment. Recently, we described a tumor suppressor role of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in this tumor4. Here we sought out to delineate the role of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylases, JMJD3 and UTX. We show that JMJD3 is essential for initiation and maintenance of disease, as it controls important oncogenic gene targets through the modulation of H3K27 methylation. In contrast, UTX acts a tumor suppressor and frequently genetically inactivated in T-ALL. Moreover, we demonstrate that the small molecule inhibitor GSKJ45 affects T-ALL growth, by targeting JMJD3 activity. These findings show that two proteins with similar enzymatic function can play opposing roles in the context of the same disease and pave the way for the use of a new category of epigenetic inhibitors in hematopoietic malignancies.
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143
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Cellular proteolytic modification of tumor-suppressor CYLD is critical for the initiation of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 54:132-8. [PMID: 25130432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There exists a general recognition of the fact that post translational modification of CYLD protein through proteolytic cleavage by MALT-1 results in sustained cellular NF-kB activity which is conspicuously found to be associated with cancer in general and hematological malignancies in particular. The present study was directed to understand the contribution of MALT-1 and deubiquitinase CYLD to the initiation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Such a study revealed for the first time that the 35kDa CYLD cleaved factor generated by MALT-1 mediated proteolytic cleavage was conspicuously present in human T- ALL subjects of pediatric age group. Further, over-expression of this 35kDa CYLD factor within normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells had the inherent capacity to program the genome of these cells resulting in T-cell lineage ALL. Based upon these results, we propose that MALT1 inhibitors may be of crucial importance in the treatment of T-ALL subjects of pediatric age group.
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144
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Liu W, Morgan KM, Pine SR. Activation of the Notch1 Stem Cell Signaling Pathway during Routine Cell Line Subculture. Front Oncol 2014; 4:211. [PMID: 25147757 PMCID: PMC4123601 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , USA
| | | | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , USA ; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , USA
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145
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Moriyama H, Moriyama M, Isshi H, Ishihara S, Okura H, Ichinose A, Ozawa T, Matsuyama A, Hayakawa T. Role of notch signaling in the maintenance of human mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2211-24. [PMID: 24878247 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived multilineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) are attractive for cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multipotency and ease of isolation without serial ethical issues. However, their limited in vitro lifespan in culture systems hinders their therapeutic application. Some somatic stem cells, including hADMPCs, are known to be localized in hypoxic regions; thus, hypoxia may be beneficial for ex vivo culture of these stem cells. These cells exhibit a high level of glycolytic metabolism in the presence of high oxygen levels and further increase their glycolysis rate under hypoxia. However, the physiological role of glycolytic activation and its regulatory mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we show that Notch signaling is required for glycolysis regulation under hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that 5% O2 dramatically increased the glycolysis rate, improved the proliferation efficiency, prevented senescence, and maintained the multipotency of hADMPCs. Intriguingly, these effects were not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), but rather by the Notch signaling pathway. Five percent O2 significantly increased the level of activated Notch1 and expression of its downstream gene, HES1. Furthermore, 5% O2 markedly increased glucose consumption and lactate production of hADMPCs, which decreased back to normoxic levels on treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor. We also found that HES1 was involved in induction of GLUT3, TPI, and PGK1 in addition to reduction of TIGAR and SCO2 expression. These results clearly suggest that Notch signaling regulates glycolysis under hypoxic conditions and, thus, likely affects the cell lifespan via glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Moriyama
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University , Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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146
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Kwon OJ, Valdez J, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wei X, Su Q, Ittmann MM, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Increased Notch signalling inhibits anoikis and stimulates proliferation of prostate luminal epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4416. [PMID: 25048699 PMCID: PMC4167399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate epithelial lineage hierarchy remains inadequately defined. Recent lineage-tracing studies have implied the existence of prostate luminal epithelial progenitors with extensive regenerative capacity. However, this capacity has not been demonstrated in prostate stem cell activity assays, probably owing to the strong susceptibility of luminal progenitors to anoikis. Here we show that constitutive expression of Notch1 intracellular domain impairs secretory function of mouse prostate luminal cells, suppresses anoikis of luminal epithelial cells by augmenting NF-κB activity independent of Hes1, stimulates luminal cell proliferation by potentiating PI3K-AKT signalling, and rescues the capacities of the putative prostate luminal progenitors for unipotent differentiation in vivo and short-term self-renewal in vitro. Epithelial cell autonomous AR signalling is dispensable for the Notch-mediated effects. As Notch activity is increased in prostate cancers, and anoikis resistance is a hallmark for metastatic cancer cells, this study suggests a pro-metastatic function of Notch signalling during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Joseph Valdez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Qingtai Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
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147
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Mouse and human Notch-1 regulate mucosal immune responses. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:995-1005. [PMID: 24424521 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Notch-1 signaling pathway is responsible for homeostatic tight junction expression in vitro, and promotes barrier function in vivo in the RAG1-adoptive transfer model of colitis. In this study, we sought to determine the role of colonic Notch-1 in the lymphoepithelial crosstalk in health and disease. We utilized in vivo and in vitro knockdown to target the expression of Notch-1. We identified that epithelial Notch-1 is required for appropriate activation of intestinal epithelial cells at steady state and upon inflammatory stimulus. Notch-1 expression modulates mucosal chemokine and cytokine secretion, and FoxP3 and effector T-cell responses. We showed that epithelial Notch-1 controls the immune function of the epithelium through crosstalk with the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways that, in turn, elicits T-cell responses. Overall, epithelial Notch-1 bridges innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. Our findings highlight an indispensable role for Notch-1-mediated signaling in the intricate epithelial-immune crosstalk, and validate that epithelial Notch-1 is necessary and sufficient to support protective epithelial proinflammatory responses.
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148
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Espinosa L, Margalef P, Bigas A. Non-conventional functions for NF-κB members: the dark side of NF-κB. Oncogene 2014; 34:2279-87. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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149
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Hes1 promotes blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia through MMP-9 upregulation in leukemic cells. Blood 2014; 123:3932-42. [PMID: 24825862 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-476747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of HES1 expression are frequently found in BCR-ABL(+) chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC). In mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models, co-expression of BCR-ABL and Hes1 induces CML-BC-like disease; however, the underlying mechanism remained elusive. Here, based on gene expression analysis, we show that MMP-9 is upregulated by Hes1 in common myeloid progenitors (CMPs). Analysis of promoter activity demonstrated that Hes1 upregulated MMP-9 by activating NF-κB. Analysis of 20 samples from CML-BC patients showed that MMP-9 was highly expressed in three, with two exhibiting high levels of HES1 expression. Interestingly, MMP-9 deficiency impaired the cobblestone area-forming ability of CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 that were in conjunction with a stromal cell layer. In addition, CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 secreted MMP-9, promoting the release of soluble Kit-ligand (sKitL) from stromal cells, thereby enhancing proliferation of the leukemic cells. In accordance, mice transplanted with CMPs expressing BCR-ABL and Hes1 exhibited high levels of sKitL as well as MMP-9 in the serum. Importantly, MMP-9 deficiency impaired the development of CML-BC-like disease induced by BCR-ABL and Hes1 in mouse BMT models. The present results suggest that Hes1 promotes the development of CML-BC, partly through MMP-9 upregulation in leukemic cells.
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150
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Zeng Q, Song R, Ao L, Xu D, Venardos N, Fullerton DA, Meng X. Augmented osteogenic responses in human aortic valve cells exposed to oxLDL and TLR4 agonist: a mechanistic role of Notch1 and NF-κB interaction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95400. [PMID: 24810405 PMCID: PMC4014478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve calcification causes the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Stimulation of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up-regulates the expression of osteogenic mediators, and NF-κB plays a central role in mediating AVIC osteogenic responses to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. Diseased aortic valves exhibit greater levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). This study tested the hypothesis that oxLDL augments the osteogenic responses in human AVICs through modulation of NF-κB and Notch1 activation. AVICs isolated from normal human aortic valves were treated with LPS (0.1 µg/ml), oxLDL (20 µg/ml) or LPS plus oxLDL for 48 h. OxLDL alone increased cellular bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels while it had no effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Cells exposed to LPS plus oxLDL produced higher levels of BMP-2 and ALP than cells exposed to LPS alone. Further, LPS plus oxLDL induced greater NF-κB activation, and inhibition of NF-κB markedly reduced the expression of BMP-2 and ALP in cells treated with LPS plus oxLDL. OxLDL also induced Notch1 activation and resulted in augmented Notch1 activation when it was combined with LPS. Inhibition of Notch1 cleavage attenuated NF-κB activation induced by LPS plus oxLDL, and inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the expression of BMP-2 and ALP induced by the synergistic effect of Jagged1 and LPS. These findings demonstrate that oxLDL up-regulates BMP-2 expression in human AVICs and synergizes with LPS to elicit augmented AVIC osteogenic responses. OxLDL exerts its effect through modulation of the Notch1-NF-κB signaling cascade. Thus, oxLDL may play a role in the mechanism underlying CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Zeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Ao
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dingli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neil Venardos
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David A. Fullerton
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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