101
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Wang J, Wang X, Geng S, Singh SK, Wang Y, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Genome-wide identification of hexokinase gene family in Brassica napus: structure, phylogenetic analysis, expression, and functional characterization. PLANTA 2018; 248:171-182. [PMID: 29644447 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and functional characterization of previously uncharacterized hexokinase family of oil crop, Brassica napus, underscore the importance of this gene family in plant growth and development. In plants, the multi-gene family of dual-function hexokinases (HXKs) plays important roles in sugar metabolism and sensing that affect growth and development. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop; however, little is known about the B. napus HXK gene family. We identified 19 putative HXKs in B. napus genome. B. rapa and B. oleracea, the two diploid progenitors of B. napus, contributed almost equally to the BnHXK genes. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 19 BnHXKs into four groups. The exon-intron structures of BnHXKs share high similarity to those of HXKs in Arabidopsis and rice. The group III and IV BnHXKs are highly expressed in roots, whereas group I members preferentially express in leaves. Analysis of seed transcriptomes at different developmental stages showed that most of group I and IV HXKs are highly expressed 2-weeks after pollination (2WAP), compared to 4WAP for group III. BnHKXs are differentially expressed in susceptible and tolerant B. napus cultivars after fungal infection, suggesting the possible involvement in defense response. We generated rapeseed RNAi lines for BnHXK9, a member of relatively less characterized group IV, by pollen-mediated gene transformation. The seedlings of BnHXK9-RNAi lines showed delayed growth compared to the wild type. The RNAi plants were dwarf with curly leaves, suggesting the involvement of BnHXK9 in plant development. Collectively, our findings provides a comprehensive account of BnHXK gene family in an important crop and a starting point for further elucidation of their roles in sugar metabolism and sensing, as well as plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Siyu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Yaohui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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102
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Guo Z, Chen D, Röder MS, Ganal MW, Schnurbusch T. Genetic dissection of pre-anthesis sub-phase durations during the reproductive spike development of wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:909-918. [PMID: 29906301 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is an important factor affecting grain yield in wheat. In this study, we divided reproductive spike development into eight sub-phases. These sub-phases have the potential to be delicately manipulated to increase grain yield. We measured 36 traits with regard to sub-phase durations, determined three grain yield-related traits in eight field environments and mapped 15 696 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, based on 90k Infinium chip and 35k Affymetrix chip) markers in 210 wheat genotypes. Phenotypic and genetic associations between grain yield traits and sub-phase durations showed significant consistency (Mantel test; r = 0.5377, P < 0.001). The shared quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed by the genome-wide association study suggested a close association between grain yield and sub-phase duration, which may be attributed to effects on spikelet initiation/spikelet number (double ridge to terminal spikelet stage, DR-TS) and assimilate accumulation (green anther to anthesis stage, GA-AN). Moreover, we observed that the photoperiod-sensitivity allele at the Ppd-D1 locus on chromosome 2D markedly extended all sub-phase durations, which may contribute to its positive effects on grain yield traits. The dwarfing allele at the Rht-D1 (chromosome 4D) locus altered the sub-phase duration and displayed positive effects on grain yield traits. Data for 30 selected genotypes (from among the original 210 genotypes) in the field displayed a close association with that from the greenhouse. Most importantly, this study demonstrated specific connections to grain yield in narrower time windows (i.e. the eight sub-phases), rather than the entire stem elongation phase as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Guo
- Independent Heisenberg Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Dijun Chen
- Department of Breeding Research, Research Group Image Analysis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Marion S Röder
- Research Group Gene and Genome Mapping, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Martin W Ganal
- TraitGenetics GmbH, Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, 06466, OT, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Independent Heisenberg Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06099, Germany
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103
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Wang X, Chen Q, Wu Y, Lemmon ZH, Xu G, Huang C, Liang Y, Xu D, Li D, Doebley JF, Tian F. Genome-wide Analysis of Transcriptional Variability in a Large Maize-Teosinte Population. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:443-459. [PMID: 29275164 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation plays an important role in controlling plant phenotypes and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of gene expression variation through the transcriptome analyses of a large maize-teosinte experimental population. Genome-wide mapping identified 25 660 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for 17 311 genes, capturing an unprecedented range of expression variation. We found that local eQTL were more frequently mapped to adjacent genes, displaying a mode of expression piggybacking, which consequently created co-regulated gene clusters. Genes within the co-regulated gene clusters tend to have relevant functions and shared chromatin modifications. Distant eQTL formed 125 significant distant eQTL hotspots with their targets significantly enriched in specific functional categories. By integrating different sources of information, we identified putative trans- regulators for a variety of metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that the bHLH transcription factor R1 and hexokinase HEX9 might act as crucial regulators for flavonoid biosynthesis and glycolysis, respectively. Moreover, we showed that domestication or improvement has significantly affected global gene expression, with many genes targeted by selection. Of particular interest, the Bx genes for benzoxazinoid biosynthesis may have undergone coordinated cis-regulatory divergence between maize and teosinte, and a transposon insertion that inactivates Bx12 was under strong selection as maize spread into temperate environments with a distinct herbivore community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zachary H Lemmon
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Guanghui Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yameng Liang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dingyi Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - John F Doebley
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ulfstedt M, Hu GZ, Eklund DM, Ronne H. The Ability of a Charophyte Alga Hexokinase to Restore Glucose Signaling and Glucose Repression of Gene Expression in a Glucose-Insensitive Arabidopsis Hexokinase Mutant Depends on Its Catalytic Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1887. [PMID: 30619433 PMCID: PMC6306471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinases is a family of proteins that is found in all eukaryotes. Hexokinases play key roles in the primary carbon metabolism, where they catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose, but they have also been shown to be involved in glucose signaling in both yeast and plants. We have characterized the Klebsormidium nitens KnHXK1 gene, the only hexokinase-encoding gene in this charophyte alga. The encoded protein, KnHXK1, is a type B plant hexokinase with an N-terminal membrane anchor localizing the protein to the mitochondrial membranes. We found that KnHXK1 expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana can restore the glucose sensing and glucose repression defects of the glucose-insensitive hexokinase mutant gin2-1. Interestingly, both functions require a catalytically active enzyme, since an inactive double mutant was unable to complement gin2-1. These findings differ from previous results on Arabidopsis AtHXK1 and its orthologs in rice, where catalytic and glucose sensing functions could be separated, but are consistent with recent results on the rice cytoplasmic hexokinase OsHXK7. A model with both catalytic and non-catalytic roles for hexokinases in glucose sensing and glucose repression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Ulfstedt
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guo-Zhen Hu
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Magnus Eklund
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Ronne
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Hans Ronne,
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105
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Wang P, Hendron RW, Kelly S. Transcriptional control of photosynthetic capacity: conservation and divergence from Arabidopsis to rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:32-45. [PMID: 28727145 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Contents 32 I. 32 II. 33 III. 36 IV. 41 43 References 43 SUMMARY: Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth. It provides the consumable energy upon which almost all organisms are dependent, and modulates the composition of the planet's atmosphere. To carry out photosynthesis, plants require a large cohort of genes. These genes encode proteins that capture light energy, store energy in sugars and build the subcellular structures required to facilitate this energy capture. Although the function of many of these genes is known, little is understood about the transcriptional networks that coordinate their expression. This review places our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in an evolutionary context, to provide new insight into transcriptional regulatory networks that control photosynthesis gene expression in grasses. The similarities and differences between the rice and Arabidopsis networks are highlighted, revealing substantial disparity between the two systems. In addition, avenues are identified that may be exploited for photosynthesis engineering projects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ross-William Hendron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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106
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Zhu Q, Wang L, Dong Q, Chang S, Wen K, Jia S, Chu Z, Wang H, Gao P, Zhao H, Han S, Wang Y. FRET-based glucose imaging identifies glucose signalling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 215:65-72. [PMID: 28582731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy provider and the most important sugar-signalling molecule, regulating metabolites and modulating gene expression from unicellular yeast to multicellular plants and animals. Therefore, monitoring intracellular glucose levels temporally and spatially in living cells is an essential step for decoding the glucose signalling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the genetically encoded FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) nanosensors, FLIPglu-2μ∆13 and FLIPglu-600μΔ13, were used to measure cytosolic glucose dynamics in rice plants. First, we found that the FRET signal decreased in response to external glucose in a concentration-dependent manner. The glucose concentration at which the cytosolic level corresponded to the K0.5 value for FLIPglu-2μΔ13 was approximately 10.05μM, and that for FLIPglu-600μΔ13 was 0.9mM, respectively. The substrate selectivity of nanosensors for glucose and its analogues is D-Glucose>2-deoxyglucose>3-O-methylglucose>L-Glucose. We further showed that the biotic elicitors (flg22 and chitin) and the abiotic elicitors (osmotic stress, salinity and extreme temperature) induce the intracellular glucose increases in the detached root segments of transgenic rice containing FLIPglu-2μΔ13 in a stimulus-specific manner, but not in FLIPglu-600μΔ13 transgenic lines. These results demonstrated that FRET nanosensors can be used to detect increases in intracellular glucose within the physiological range of 0.2-20μM in response to various stimuli in transgenic rice root cells, which indicated that intracellular glucose may act as a potential secondary messenger to connect extracellular stimuli with cellular physiological responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qianli Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kexin Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shenghua Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhilin Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanmeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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107
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Conformational Characteristics of Rice Hexokinase OsHXK7 as a Moonlighting Protein involved in Sugar Signalling and Metabolism. Protein J 2017; 36:249-256. [PMID: 28555318 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HXK) as a moonlighting protein involves in glucose metabolism and signalling to regulate growth and development in plants. Therefore, the clarification for the structural properties of OsHXK7 (Oryza sativa Hexokinase 7) is essential to understand its role mechanism associated with the Glc signalling and metabolism. In this study, the structural characteristics of OsHXK7 (Oryza sativa Hexokinase 7) were identified. In the fluorescence spectrum, the Trp peak representing OsHXK7 binding to D-glucose (D-Glc) and 2-deoxyglucose (2-dG) showed an obvious blue shift. The distinct change in the secondary structure of OsHXK7 after binding to Glc was also detected in circular dichroism spectra. Using superimposed modelling, OsHXK7 showed a Glc-induced structural change, in which the 76th glycine, 148th serine and 256th tryptophan were contained within the pocket region. It was further shown by site-directed mutagenesis that the 76th glycine and the 256th tryptophan, but not the 148th serine, are the pivotal sites of OsHXK7 that maintain its catalytic activity and intrinsic blue shift fluorescence. These results suggest that OsHXK7 binding to Glc leads to a conformational change, that is likely essential for the function of OsHXK7 in Glc signalling and metabolism during plant growth and development.
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108
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MacNeill GJ, Mehrpouyan S, Minow MAA, Patterson JA, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. Starch as a source, starch as a sink: the bifunctional role of starch in carbon allocation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4433-4453. [PMID: 28981786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch commands a central role in the carbon budget of the majority of plants on earth, and its biological role changes during development and in response to the environment. Throughout the life of a plant, starch plays a dual role in carbon allocation, acting as both a source, releasing carbon reserves in leaves for growth and development, and as a sink, either as a dedicated starch store in its own right (in seeds and tubers), or as a temporary reserve of carbon contributing to sink strength, in organs such as flowers, fruits, and developing non-starchy seeds. The presence of starch in tissues and organs thus has a profound impact on the physiology of the growing plant as its synthesis and degradation governs the availability of free sugars, which in turn control various growth and developmental processes. This review attempts to summarize the large body of information currently available on starch metabolism and its relationship to wider aspects of carbon metabolism and plant nutrition. It highlights gaps in our knowledge and points to research areas that show promise for bioengineering and manipulation of starch metabolism in order to achieve more desirable phenotypes such as increased yield or plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J MacNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sahar Mehrpouyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jenelle A Patterson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Miller MAE, O’Cualain R, Selley J, Knight D, Karim MF, Hubbard SJ, Johnson GN. Dynamic Acclimation to High Light in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves Widespread Reengineering of the Leaf Proteome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1239. [PMID: 28775726 PMCID: PMC5517461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana transferred from low to high light increase their capacity for photosynthesis, a process of dynamic acclimation. A mutant, gpt2, lacking a chloroplast glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator, is deficient in its ability to acclimate to increased light. Here, we have used a label-free proteomics approach, to perform relative quantitation of 1993 proteins from Arabidopsis wild type and gpt2 leaves exposed to increased light. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006598. Acclimation to light is shown to involve increases in electron transport and carbon metabolism but no change in the abundance of photosynthetic reaction centers. The gpt2 mutant shows a similar increase in total protein content to wild type but differences in the extent of change of certain proteins, including in the relative abundance of the cytochrome b6f complex and plastocyanin, the thylakoid ATPase and selected Benson-Calvin cycle enzymes. Changes in leaf metabolite content as plants acclimate can be explained by changes in the abundance of enzymes involved in metabolism, which were reduced in gpt2 in some cases. Plants of gpt2 invest more in stress-related proteins, suggesting that their reduced ability to acclimate photosynthetic capacity results in increased stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. E. Miller
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan O’Cualain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Selley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd F. Karim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Hubbard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Giles N. Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
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110
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Aguilera-Alvarado GP, Sánchez-Nieto S. Plant Hexokinases are Multifaceted Proteins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1151-1160. [PMID: 28449056 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the main carbon and energy source in cells, but they can also act as signaling molecules that affect the whole plant life cycle. Certain tissues can produce sugars and supply them to others, and this plant tissue heterogeneity makes sugar signaling a highly complex process that requires elements capable of perceiving changes in sugar concentrations among different tissues, cell compartments and developmental stages. In plants, the regulatory effects of glucose (Glc) have been the most studied to date. The first Glc sensor identified in plants was hexokinase (HXK), which is currently recognized as a dual-function protein. In addition to its catalytic activity, this enzyme can also repress the expression of some photosynthetic genes in response to high internal Glc concentrations. Additionally, the catalytic activity of HXKs has a profound impact on cell metabolism and other sugar signaling pathways that depend on phosphorylated hexoses and intermediate glycolytic products. HXKs are the only proteins that are able to phosphorylate Glc in plants, since no evidence has been provided to date concerning the existence of a glucokinase. Moreover, the intracellular localization of HXKs seems to be crucial to their activity and sensor functions. Recently, two new and surprising functions have been described for HXKs. In this review, we discuss the versatility of HXKs in regard to their catalytic and glucose sensor activities, intracellular location, protein-protein and hormone interactions, as well as how these HXK characteristics influence plant growth and development, in an effort to understand this enzyme's role in improving plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paulina Aguilera-Alvarado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México 04510, DF, México
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México 04510, DF, México
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111
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Wang XQ, Zheng LL, Lin H, Yu F, Sun LH, Li LM. Grape hexokinases are involved in the expression regulation of sucrose synthase- and cell wall invertase-encoding genes by glucose and ABA. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:61-78. [PMID: 28247243 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HXK, EC 2.7.1.1) is a multifunctional protein that both is involved in catalyzing the first step of glycolysis and plays an important role in sugar signaling. However, the supporting genetic evidence on hexokinases (CsHXKs) from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berries has been lacking. Here, to investigate the role of CsHXK isoforms as glucose (Glc) and abscisic acid (ABA) sensors, we cloned two hexokinase isozymes, CsHXK1 and CsHXK2 with highly conserved genomic structure of nine exons and eight introns. We also found adenosine phosphate binding, substrate recognition and connection sites in their putative proteins. During grape berry development, the expression profiles of two CsHXK isoforms, sucrose synthases (SuSys) and cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes increased concomitantly with high levels of endogenous Glc and ABA. Furthermore, we showed that in wild type grape berry calli (WT), glucose repressed the expression levels of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes, while ABA increased their expression levels. ABA could not only effectively improve the expression levels of SuSy and CWINV, but also block the repression induced by glucose on the expression of both genes. However, after silencing CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 in grape calli, SuSy and CWINV expression were enhanced, and the expressions of the two genes are insensitive in response to Glc treatment. Interestingly, exogenous ABA alone could not or less increase SuSy and CWINV expression in silencing CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 grape calli compared to WT. Meantime, ABA could not block the repression induced by glucose on the expression of SuSy and CWINV in CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 mutants. Therefore, Glc signal transduction depends on the regulation of CsHXK1 or CsHXK2. ABA signal was also disturbed by CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 silencing. The present results provide new insights into the regulatory role of Glc and ABA on the enzymes related to sugar metabolism in grape berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Hui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Bross CD, Howes TR, Abolhassani Rad S, Kljakic O, Kohalmi SE. Subcellular localization of Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratases suggests novel and non-enzymatic roles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1425-1440. [PMID: 28338876 PMCID: PMC5444438 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arogenate dehydratases (ADTs) catalyze the final step in phenylalanine biosynthesis in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes a family of six ADTs capable of decarboxylating/dehydrating arogenate into phenylalanine. Using cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged proteins, the subcellular localization patterns of all six A. thaliana ADTs were investigated in intact Nicotiana benthamiana and A. thaliana leaf cells. We show that A. thaliana ADTs localize to stroma and stromules (stroma-filled tubules) of chloroplasts. This localization pattern is consistent with the enzymatic function of ADTs as many enzymes required for amino acid biosynthesis are primarily localized to chloroplasts, and stromules are thought to increase metabolite transport from chloroplasts to other cellular compartments. Furthermore, we provide evidence that ADTs have additional, non-enzymatic roles. ADT2 localizes in a ring around the equatorial plane of chloroplasts or to a chloroplast pole, which suggests that ADT2 is a component of the chloroplast division machinery. In addition to chloroplasts, ADT5 was also found in nuclei, again suggesting a non-enzymatic role for ADT5. We also show evidence that ADT5 is transported to the nucleus via stromules. We propose that ADT2 and ADT5 are moonlighting proteins that play an enzymatic role in phenylalanine biosynthesis and a second role in chloroplast division or transcriptional regulation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal D Bross
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Travis R Howes
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sara Abolhassani Rad
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Fu C, Wang F, Liu W, Liu D, Li J, Zhu M, Liao Y, Liu Z, Huang H, Zeng X, Ma X. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals New Insights into High-Temperature-Dependent Glume-Unclosing in an Elite Rice Male Sterile Line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:112. [PMID: 28261226 PMCID: PMC5306291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glume-unclosing after anthesis is a widespread phenomenon in hybrid rice and also a maternal hereditary trait. The character of Glume-unclosing in rice male sterile lines also seriously influences germination rate and the commercial quality of hybrid rice seeds. We validated that the type of glume-unclosing after anthesis in the elite rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line RGD-7S was caused by high temperature. Transcriptomic sequencing of rice panicles was performed to explore the change of transcript profiles under four conditions: pre- and post-anthesis under high temperature (HRGD0 and HRGD1), and pre- and post-anthesis under low temperature (LRGD0 and LRGD1). We identified a total of 14,540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including some heat shock factors (HSFs) across the four samples. We found that more genes were up-regulated than down-regulated in the sample pair HRGD1vsHRGD0. These up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the three biological processes of carbohydrate metabolism, response to water and cell wall macromolecular metabolism. Simultaneously, we also found that the HSF gene OsHsfB1 was specially up-regulated in HRGD1vsHRGD0. However, the down-regulated DEGs in LRGD1vsLRGD0 were remarkably clustered in the biological process of carbohydrate metabolism. This suggests that carbohydrate metabolism may play a key role in regulation of glume-unclosing under high temperature in RGD-7S. We also analyzed the expression pattern of genes enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and several HSF genes under different conditions and provide new insights into the cause of rice glume-unclosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Wuge Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Dilin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Manshan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhou, China
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Li NN, Qian WJ, Wang L, Cao HL, Hao XY, Yang YJ, Wang XC. Isolation and expression features of hexose kinase genes under various abiotic stresses in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 209:95-104. [PMID: 28013175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinases (HXKs, EC 2.7.1.1) and fructokinases (FRKs, EC 2.7.1.4) play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and sugar signaling during the growth and development of plants. However, the HXKs and FRKs in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) remain largely unknown. In this manuscript, we present the molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships, conserved domains and expression profiles of four HXK and seven FRK genes of the tea plant. The 11 deduced CsHXK and CsFRK proteins were grouped into six main classes. All of the deduced proteins, except for CsFKR7, possessed putative ATP-binding motifs and a sugar recognition region. These genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, which suggests that they play different roles in the metabolism and development of source and sink tissues in the tea plant. There were variations in CsHXKs and CsFRKs transcript abundance in response to four abiotic stresses: cold, salt, drought and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Remarkably, CsHXK3 and CsHXK4 were significantly induced in the leaves and roots under cold conditions, CsHXK1 was apparently up-regulated in the leaves and roots under salt and drought stresses, and CsHXK3 was obviously stimulated in the leaves and roots under short-term treatment with exogenous ABA. These findings demonstrate that CsHXKs play critical roles in response to abiotic stresses in the tea plant. Our research provides a fundamental understanding of the CsHXK and CsFRK genes of the tea plant and important information for the breeding of stress-tolerant tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wen-Jun Qian
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hong-Li Cao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xin-Chao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Cenci A, Rouard M. Evolutionary Analyses of GRAS Transcription Factors in Angiosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:273. [PMID: 28303145 PMCID: PMC5332381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
GRAS transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant growth and development such as gibberellin and mycorrhizal signaling. Proteins belonging to this gene family contain a typical GRAS domain in the C-terminal sequence, whereas the N-terminal region is highly variable. Although, GRAS genes have been characterized in a number of plant species, their classification is still not completely resolved. Based on a panel of eight representative species of angiosperms, we identified 29 orthologous groups or orthogroups (OGs) for the GRAS gene family, suggesting that at least 29 ancestor genes were present in the angiosperm lineage before the "Amborella" evolutionary split. Interestingly, some taxonomic groups were missing members of one or more OGs. The gene number expansion usually observed in transcription factors was not observed in GRAS while the genome triplication ancestral to the eudicots (γ hexaploidization event) was detectable in a limited number of GRAS orthogroups. We also found conserved OG-specific motifs in the variable N-terminal region. Finally, we could regroup OGs in 17 subfamilies for which names were homogenized based on a literature review and described 5 new subfamilies (DLT, RAD1, RAM1, SCLA, and SCLB). This study establishes a consistent framework for the classification of GRAS members in angiosperm species, and thereby a tool to correctly establish the orthologous relationships of GRAS genes in most of the food crops in order to facilitate any subsequent functional analyses in the GRAS gene family. The multi-fasta file containing all the sequences used in our study could be used as database to perform diagnostic BLASTp to classify GRAS genes from other non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cenci
- Bioversity InternationalMontpellier, France
- CGIAR Research Programme on Roots, Tubers and BananasMontpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Alberto Cenci
| | - Mathieu Rouard
- Bioversity InternationalMontpellier, France
- CGIAR Research Programme on Roots, Tubers and BananasMontpellier, France
- Mathieu Rouard
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Jin S, Kim SY, Ahn JH. TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) Interacts with FRUCTOKINASE6 and Inhibits Its Kinase Activity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1807. [PMID: 29093731 PMCID: PMC5651264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the developmental switch to the reproductive phase is tightly regulated and involves the integration of internal and external signals. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) integrate signals from multiple pathways. FT and TSF function as florigenic substances, and share high sequence similarity with mammalian Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP). Despite their strong similarity to RKIP, the kinase inhibitory activity of FT and TSF remains to be investigated. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and found that TSF interacted with FRUCTOKINASE6 (FRK6), which phosphorylates fructose for various metabolic pathways. Among the seven Arabidopsis FRKs, FRK6 and FRK7 have high sequence similarity; therefore, we investigated whether TSF interacts with FRK6 and FRK7. In vitro pull-down assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that TSF interacts with FRK6 in the nucleus, but not with FRK7. Kinase activity assays suggested that TSF inhibits the kinase activity of FRK6, whereas FT does not. By contrast, neither TSF nor FT inhibits the kinase activity of FRK7. The frk6 and frk7 mutants show slightly delayed flowering, but only under short-day (SD) conditions. Plastochron length is also affected in both frk6 and frk7 mutants under SD conditions. FT expression levels decreased in frk6 mutants, but not in frk7 mutants. Taken together, our findings suggest that TSF physically interacts with FRK6 and affects its kinase activity, whereas FT does not, although these proteins share high sequence similarity.
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Lee JH, Jin S, Kim SY, Kim W, Ahn JH. A fast, efficient chromatin immunoprecipitation method for studying protein-DNA binding in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:42. [PMID: 28539971 PMCID: PMC5441002 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binding of transcription factors to their target sequences is a primary step in the regulation of gene expression and largely determines gene regulatory networks. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an indispensable tool used to investigate the binding of DNA-binding proteins (e.g., transcription factors) to their target sequences in vivo. ChIP assays require specific antibodies that recognize endogenous target transcription factors; however, in most cases, such specific antibodies are unavailable. To overcome this problem, many ChIP assays use transgenic plants that express epitope-tagged transcription factors and immunoprecipitate the protein with a tag-specific antibody. However, generating transgenic plants that stably express epitope-tagged proteins is difficult and time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we present a rapid, efficient ChIP protocol using transient expression in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts that can be completed in 4 days. We provide optimized experimental conditions, including the amount of transfected DNA and the number of protoplasts. We also show that the efficiency of our ChIP protocol using protoplasts is comparable to that obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We propose that our ChIP method can be used to analyze in vivo interactions between tissue-specific transcription factors and their target sequences, to test the effect of genotype on the binding of a transcription factor within a protein complex to its target sequences, and to measure temperature-dependent binding of a transcription factor to its target sequence. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and simple nature of our ChIP assay using Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts facilitates the investigation of in vivo interactions between transcription factors and their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhui Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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Kanayama Y. Sugar Metabolism and Fruit Development in the Tomato. THE HORTICULTURE JOURNAL 2017; 86:417-425. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2503/hortj.okd-ir01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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120
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Serrano A, Espinoza C, Armijo G, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Poblete E, Meyer-Regueiro C, Arce A, Parada F, Santibáñez C, Arce-Johnson P. Omics Approaches for Understanding Grapevine Berry Development: Regulatory Networks Associated with Endogenous Processes and Environmental Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1486. [PMID: 28936215 PMCID: PMC5594091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine fruit development is a dynamic process that can be divided into three stages: formation (I), lag (II), and ripening (III), in which physiological and biochemical changes occur, leading to cell differentiation and accumulation of different solutes. These stages can be positively or negatively affected by multiple environmental factors. During the last decade, efforts have been made to understand berry development from a global perspective. Special attention has been paid to transcriptional and metabolic networks associated with the control of grape berry development, and how external factors affect the ripening process. In this review, we focus on the integration of global approaches, including proteomics, metabolomics, and especially transcriptomics, to understand grape berry development. Several aspects will be considered, including seed development and the production of seedless fruits; veraison, at which anthocyanin accumulation begins in the berry skin of colored varieties; and hormonal regulation of berry development and signaling throughout ripening, focusing on the transcriptional regulation of hormone receptors, protein kinases, and genes related to secondary messenger sensing. Finally, berry responses to different environmental factors, including abiotic (temperature, water-related stress and UV-B radiation) and biotic (fungi and viruses) stresses, and how they can significantly modify both, development and composition of vine fruit, will be discussed. Until now, advances have been made due to the application of Omics tools at different molecular levels. However, the potential of these technologies should not be limited to the study of single-level questions; instead, data obtained by these platforms should be integrated to unravel the molecular aspects of grapevine development. Therefore, the current challenge is the generation of new tools that integrate large-scale data to assess new questions in this field, and to support agronomical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Serrano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de TemucoTemuco, Chile
| | - Evelyn Poblete
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Meyer-Regueiro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Arce
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Parada
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Santibáñez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Ecophysiology and Functional Genomic of Grapevine, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Patricio Arce-Johnson,
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Li L, Sheen J. Dynamic and diverse sugar signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:116-125. [PMID: 27423125 PMCID: PMC5050104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugars fuel life and exert numerous regulatory actions that are fundamental to all life forms. There are two principal mechanisms underlie sugar 'perception and signal transduction' in biological systems. Direct sensing and signaling is triggered via sugar-binding sensors with a broad range of affinity and specificity, whereas sugar-derived bioenergetic molecules and metabolites modulate signaling proteins and indirectly relay sugar signals. This review discusses the emerging sugar signals and potential sugar sensors discovered in plant systems. The findings leading to informative understanding of physiological regulation by sugars are considered and assessed. Comparative transcriptome analyses highlight the primary and dynamic sugar responses and reveal the convergent and specific regulators of key biological processes in the sugar-signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA.
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Wang XY, Li DZ, Li Q, Ma YQ, Yao JW, Huang X, Xu ZQ. Metabolomic analysis reveals the relationship between AZI1 and sugar signaling in systemic acquired resistance of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:273-287. [PMID: 27337039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The function of AZI1 in systemic acquired resistance of Arabidopsis was confirmed by investigation of the phenotypic features of wild-type Col-0, AZI1 T-DNA knockout and AZI1 overexpressing plants after infection with virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. Real-time quantitative PCR and Northern blotting analyses showed that the transcript abundances of PR genes increased significantly in local and systemic leaves of wild-type Col-0 and AZI1 overexpressing plants challenged with avirulent P. syringae, whereas the mRNA accumulation of PR genes was obviously attenuated in local and systemic leaves of AZI1 T-DNA knockout plants after localized infiltration with avirulent Psm avrRpm1. The changes of metabolomic profiles in distal leaves of three types of materials infected with avirulent P. syringae were determined by (1)H NMR spectrometry and data mining showed that the soluble carbonhydrates might function as signal substances in the systemic immunity of Arabidopsis. At the same time, the expression of the sugar signaling genes in local and distal leaves after infection of avirulent P. syringae was compared. As a result, it was found that the transcript abundances of sugar signaling genes, including SUS1, SUS2, SUS3, SUS6, SUT1, HXK1, HXK2, SNRK1.2, ERD6, TPS1, TOR, SNRK1.1, SNRK1.3 and bZIP11, were obviously changed in distal leaves of different materials with the modulated AZI1 activities, indicating sugar-related genes are involved in regulation of the systemic immunity mediated by AZI1. These results also illustrated that the immune system associated with sugar molecules probably was an important part of the systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
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Miao H, Cai C, Wei J, Huang J, Chang J, Qian H, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Sun B, Wang B, Wang Q. Glucose enhances indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis without reducing primary sulfur assimilation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31854. [PMID: 27549907 PMCID: PMC4994012 DOI: 10.1038/srep31854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of glucose as a signaling molecule on induction of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis was reported in our former study. Here, we further investigated the regulatory mechanism of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis by glucose in Arabidopsis. Glucose exerted a positive influence on indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis, which was demonstrated by induced accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and enhanced expression of related genes upon glucose treatment. Genetic analysis revealed that MYB34 and MYB51 were crucial in maintaining the basal indolic glucosinolate accumulation, with MYB34 being pivotal in response to glucose signaling. The increased accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and mRNA levels of MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122 caused by glucose were inhibited in the gin2-1 mutant, suggesting an important role of HXK1 in glucose-mediated induction of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In contrast to what was known on the function of ABI5 in glucose-mediated aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, ABI5 was not required for glucose-induced indolic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition, our results also indicated that glucose-induced glucosinolate accumulation was due to enhanced sulfur assimilation instead of directed sulfur partitioning into glucosinolate biosynthesis. Thus, our data provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying glucose-regulated glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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124
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Hu DG, Sun CH, Zhang QY, An JP, You CX, Hao YJ. Glucose Sensor MdHXK1 Phosphorylates and Stabilizes MdbHLH3 to Promote Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Apple. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006273. [PMID: 27560976 PMCID: PMC4999241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose induces anthocyanin accumulation in many plant species; however, the molecular mechanism involved in this process remains largely unknown. Here, we found that apple hexokinase MdHXK1, a glucose sensor, was involved in sensing exogenous glucose and regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. In vitro and in vivo assays suggested that MdHXK1 interacted directly with and phosphorylated an anthocyanin-associated bHLH transcription factor (TF) MdbHLH3 at its Ser361 site in response to glucose. Furthermore, both the hexokinase_2 domain and signal peptide are crucial for the MdHXK1-mediated phosphorylation of MdbHLH3. Moreover, phosphorylation modification stabilized MdbHLH3 protein and enhanced its transcription of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, thereby increasing anthocyanin biosynthesis. Finally, a series of transgenic analyses in apple calli and fruits demonstrated that MdHXK1 controlled glucose-induced anthocyanin accumulation at least partially, if not completely, via regulating MdbHLH3. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the glucose sensor HXK1 modulation of anthocyanin accumulation, which occur by directly regulating the anthocyanin-related bHLH TFs in response to a glucose signal in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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125
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Yang B, Wang X, Gao C, Chen M, Guan Q, Tian J, Komatsu S. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Leaf from Clematis terniflora DC. Exposed to High-Level Ultraviolet-B Irradiation with Dark Treatment. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2643-57. [PMID: 27323210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. has potential pharmaceutical value; on the contrary, high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment led to the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of leaf of C. terniflora were performed to investigate the systematic response mechanisms to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Metabolites related to carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids and/or proteins related to stress, cell wall, and amino acid metabolism were gradually increased in response to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. On the basis of cluster analysis and mapping of proteins related to amino acid metabolism, the abundances of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and cysteine synthase as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity were gradually increased in response to high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Furthermore, the abundance of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/glutamate dehydrogenase and the content of γ-aminobutyric acid were also increased following high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that high-level UV-B irradiation with dark treatment induces the activation of reactive oxygen species scavenging system and γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway in leaf of C. terniflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.,National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Cuixia Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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126
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Sun X, Qi W, Yue Y, Ling H, Wang G, Song R. Maize ZmVPP5 is a truncated Vacuole H(+) -PPase that confers hypersensitivity to salt stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:518-528. [PMID: 26728417 PMCID: PMC5071666 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In plants, Vacuole H(+) -PPases (VPPs) are important proton pumps and encoded by multiple genes. In addition to full-length VPPs, several truncated forms are expressed, but their biological functions are unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized maize vacuole H(+) -PPase 5 (ZmVPP5), a truncated VPP in the maize genome. Although ZmVPP5 shares high sequence similarity with ZmVPP1, ZmVPP5 lacks the complete structure of the conserved proton transport and the inorganic pyrophosphatase-related domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ZmVPP5 might be derived from an incomplete gene duplication event. ZmVPP5 is expressed in multiple tissues, and ZmVPP5 was detected in the plasma membrane, vacuole membrane and nuclei of maize cells. The overexpression of ZmVPP5 in yeast cells caused a hypersensitivity to salt stress. Transgenic maize lines with overexpressed ZmVPP5 also exhibited the salt hypersensitivity phenotype. A yeast two-hybrid analysis identified the ZmBag6-like protein as a putative ZmVPP5-interacting protein. The results of bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) assay suggest an interaction between ZmBag6-like protein and ZmVPP5 in vivo. Overall, this study suggests that ZmVPP5 might act as a VPP antagonist and participate in the cellular response to salt stress. Our study of ZmVPP5 has expanded the understanding of the origin and functions of truncated forms of plant VPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Sun
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihong Yue
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huiling Ling
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center(CBRC), Beijing 100193, China
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127
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Yang BJ, Han XX, Yin LL, Xing MQ, Xu ZH, Xue HW. Arabidopsis PROTEASOME REGULATOR1 is required for auxin-mediated suppression of proteasome activity and regulates auxin signalling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11388. [PMID: 27109828 PMCID: PMC4848511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is perceived by the nuclear F-box protein TIR1 receptor family and regulates gene expression through degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Several studies have revealed the importance of the proteasome in auxin signalling, but details on how the proteolytic machinery is regulated and how this relates to degradation of Aux/IAA proteins remains unclear. Here we show that an Arabidopsis homologue of the proteasome inhibitor PI31, which we name PROTEASOME REGULATOR1 (PTRE1), is a positive regulator of the 26S proteasome. Loss-of-function ptre1 mutants are insensitive to auxin-mediated suppression of proteasome activity, show diminished auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAA proteins and display auxin-related phenotypes. We found that auxin alters the subcellular localization of PTRE1, suggesting this may be part of the mechanism by which it reduces proteasome activity. Based on these results, we propose that auxin regulates proteasome activity via PTRE1 to fine-tune the homoeostasis of Aux/IAA repressor proteins thus modifying auxin activity. Plant responses to auxin require proteasome-mediated degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressor proteins. Here, Yang et al. show that auxin suppresses proteasome activity in a manner dependent on the proteasome regulator PTRE1 and propose a mechanism for fine tuning Aux/IAA homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Qing Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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128
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Yang X, Gong P, Li K, Huang F, Cheng F, Pan G. A single cytosine deletion in the OsPLS1 gene encoding vacuolar-type H+-ATPase subunit A1 leads to premature leaf senescence and seed dormancy in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2761-76. [PMID: 26994476 PMCID: PMC4861022 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a programmed developmental process orchestrated by many factors, but its molecular regulation is not yet fully understood. In this study, a novel Oryza sativa premature leaf senescence mutant (ospls1) was examined. Despite normal development in early seedlings, the ospls1 mutant leaves displayed lesion-mimics and early senescence, and a high transpiration rate after tillering. The mutant also showed seed dormancy attributable to physical (defect of micropyle structure) and physiological (abscisic acid sensitivity) factors. Using a map-based cloning approach, we determined that a cytosine deletion in the OsPLS1 gene encoding vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunit A1 (VHA-A1) underlies the phenotypic abnormalities in the ospls1 mutant. The OsPSL1/VHA-A1 transcript levels progressively declined with the age-dependent leaf senescence in both the ospls1 mutant and its wild type. The significant decrease in both OsPSL1/VHA-A1 gene expression and VHA enzyme activity in the ospls1 mutant strongly suggests a negative regulatory role for the normal OsPLS1/VHA-A1 gene in the onset of rice leaf senescence. The ospls1 mutant featured higher salicylic acid (SA) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and activation of signal transduction by up-regulation of WRKY genes in leaves. Consistent with this, the ospls1 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to exogenous SA and/or H2O2 Collectively, these results indicated that the OsPSL1/VAH-A1 mutation played a causal role in premature leaf senescence through a combination of ROS and SA signals. To conclude, OsPLS1 is implicated in leaf senescence and seed dormancy in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Pan Gong
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fudeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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129
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Rottmann T, Zierer W, Subert C, Sauer N, Stadler R. STP10 encodes a high-affinity monosaccharide transporter and is induced under low-glucose conditions in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2387-99. [PMID: 26893494 PMCID: PMC4809294 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes are fast growing, photosynthetically inactive cells. Their energy demand is covered by specific transport proteins in the plasma membrane that mediate the uptake of sugars. Here we report on the functional characterization of AtSTP10, a previously uncharacterized member of the SUGAR TRANSPORT PROTEIN family. Heterologous expression of STP10 cDNA in yeast revealed that the encoded protein catalyses the high-affinity uptake of glucose, galactose and mannose. The transporter is sensitive to uncouplers of transmembrane proton gradients, indicating that the protein acts as a hexose-H(+)symporter. Analyses of STP10 mRNA and STP10 promoter-reporter gene studies revealed a sink-specific expression pattern of STP10 in primordia of lateral roots and in pollen tubes. This restriction to sink organs is mediated by intragenic regions of STP10 qPCR analyses with cDNA of in vitro grown pollen tubes showed that STP10 expression was down-regulated in the presence of 50mM glucose. However, in pollen tubes of glucose-insensitive plants, which lack the glucose sensor hexokinase1 (HXK1), no glucose-induced down-regulation of STP10 expression was detected. A stp10T-DNA insertion line developed normally, which may point towards functional redundancy. The data presented in this paper indicate that a high-affinity glucose uptake system is induced in growing pollen tubes under low glucose conditions and that this regulation may occur through the hexokinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rottmann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christa Subert
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Stadler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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130
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Hu DG, Sun CH, Sun MH, Hao YJ. MdSOS2L1 phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 to modulate malate accumulation in response to salinity in apple. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:705-18. [PMID: 26687966 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salt-induced phosphorylation of MdVHA-B1 protein was mediated by MdSOS2L1 protein kinase, and thereby increasing malate content in apple. Salinity is an important environmental factor that influences malate accumulation in apple. However, the molecular mechanism by which salinity regulates this process is poorly understood. In this work, we found that MdSOS2L1, a novel AtSOS2-LIKE protein kinase, interacts with V-ATPase subunit MdVHA-B1. Furthermore, MdSOS2L1 directly phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 at Ser(396) site to modulate malate accumulation in response to salt stress. Meanwhile, a series of transgenic analyses in apple calli showed that the MdSOS2L1-MdVHAB1 pathway was involved in the regulation of malate accumulation. Finally, a viral vector-based transformation approach demonstrated that the MdSOS2L1-MdVHAB1 pathway also modulated malate accumulation in apple fruits with or without salt stress. Collectively, our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism by which MdSOS2L1 phosphorylates MdVHA-B1 to modulate malate accumulation in response to salinity in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Hong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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131
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Liu J, Ji Y, Zhou J, Xing D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Promotes Activation and Vacuolar Acidification and Delays Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Leaf Senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1714-31. [PMID: 26739232 PMCID: PMC4775102 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PI3K and its product PI3P are both involved in plant development and stress responses. In this study, the down-regulation of PI3K activity accelerated leaf senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and suppressed the activation of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). Yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that PI3K bound to the V-ATPase B subunit (VHA-B). Analysis of bimolecular fluorescence complementation in tobacco guard cells showed that PI3K interacted with VHA-B2 in the tonoplasts. Through the use of pharmacological and genetic tools, we found that PI3K and V-ATPase promoted vacuolar acidification and stomatal closure during leaf senescence. Vacuolar acidification was suppressed by the PIKfyve inhibitor in 35S:AtVPS34-YFP Arabidopsis during MeJA-induced leaf senescence, but the decrease was lower than that in YFP-labeled Arabidopsis. These results suggest that PI3K promotes V-ATPase activation and consequently induces vacuolar acidification and stomatal closure, thereby delaying MeJA-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.L., Y.J., J.Z., D. X.)
| | - Yingbin Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.L., Y.J., J.Z., D. X.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.L., Y.J., J.Z., D. X.)
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.L., Y.J., J.Z., D. X.).
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132
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Kim HB, Cho JI, Ryoo N, Shin DH, Park YI, Hwang YS, Lee SK, An G, Jeon JS. Role of rice cytosolic hexokinase OsHXK7 in sugar signaling and metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:127-35. [PMID: 25951042 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase OsHXK7 (Oryza sativa Hexokinase7), which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under O2 -deficient conditions. According to transient expression assays that used the promoter:luciferase fusion construct, OsHXK7 enhanced the glucose (Glc)-dependent repression of a rice α-amylase gene (RAmy3D) in the mesophyll protoplasts of maize, but its catalytically inactive mutant alleles did not. Consistently, the expression of OsHXK7, but not its catalytically inactive alleles, complemented the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1 (gin2-1) mutant, thereby resulting in the wild type characteristics of Glc-dependent repression, seedling development, and plant growth. Interestingly, OsHXK7-mediated Glc-dependent repression was abolished in the O2 -deficient mesophyll protoplasts of maize. This result provides compelling evidence that OsHXK7 functions in sugar signaling via a glycolysis-dependent manner under normal conditions, but its signaling role is suppressed when O2 is deficient. The germination of two null OsHXK7 mutants, oshxk7-1 and oshxk7-2, was affected by O2 deficiency, but overexpression enhanced germination in rice. This result suggests the distinct role that OsHXK7 plays in sugar metabolism and efficient germination by enforcing glycolysis-mediated fermentation in O2 -deficient rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bi Kim
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Nayeon Ryoo
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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133
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Mudgil Y, Karve A, Teixeira PJPL, Jiang K, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Jones AM. Photosynthate Regulation of the Root System Architecture Mediated by the Heterotrimeric G Protein Complex in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1255. [PMID: 27610112 PMCID: PMC4997095 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While fixed carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this fixed carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiDelhi, India
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
- *Correspondence: Yashwanti Mudgil,
| | | | | | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
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134
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Schapire AL, Lois LM. A Simplified and Rapid Method for the Isolation and Transfection of Arabidopsis Leaf Mesophyll Protoplasts for Large-Scale Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1363:79-88. [PMID: 26577783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3115-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts constitute an important and versatile tool for conducting cell-based experiments to analyze the functions of distinct signaling pathways and cellular machineries using proteomic, biochemical, cellular, genetic, and genomic approaches. Thus, the methods for protoplast isolation and transfection have been gradually improved to achieve efficient expression of genes of interest. Although many well-established protocols have been extensively tested, their successful application is sometimes limited to researchers with a high degree of skill and experience in protoplasts handling. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation and transfection of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, in which many of the time-consuming and critical steps present in the current protocols have been simplified. The method described is fast, simple, and leads to high yields of competent protoplasts allowing large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo L Schapire
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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135
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Castro PH, Verde N, Lourenço T, Magalhães AP, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SIZ1-Dependent Post-Translational Modification by SUMO Modulates Sugar Signaling and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2297-2311. [PMID: 26468507 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification mechanisms function as switches that mediate the balance between optimum growth and the response to environmental stimuli, by regulating the activity of key proteins. SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) attachment, or sumoylation, is a post-translational modification that is essential for the plant stress response, also modulating hormonal circuits to co-ordinate developmental processes. The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SAP and Miz 1 (SIZ1) is the major SUMO conjugation enhancer in response to stress, and is implicated in several aspects of plant development. Here we report that known SUMO targets are over-represented in multiple carbohydrate-related proteins, suggesting a functional link between sumoylation and sugar metabolism and signaling in plants. We subsequently observed that SUMO-conjugated proteins accumulate in response to high doses of sugar in a SIZ1-dependent manner, and that the null siz1 mutant displays increased expression of sucrose and starch catabolic genes and shows reduced starch levels. We demonstrated that SIZ1 controls germination time and post-germination growth via osmotic and sugar-dependent signaling, respectively. Glucose was specifically linked to SUMO-sugar interplay, with high levels inducing root growth inhibition and aberrant root hair morphology in siz1. The use of sugar analogs and sugar marker gene expression analysis allowed us to implicate SIZ1 in a signaling pathway dependent on glucose metabolism, probably involving modulation of SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nuno Verde
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tiago Lourenço
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Papadopoulos Magalhães
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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136
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Chen C, Wang J, Zhao X. Leaf senescence induced by EGY1 defection was partially restored by glucose in Arabidopsis thaliana. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 57:5. [PMID: 28510790 PMCID: PMC5432902 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene-dependent gravitropism-deficient and yellow-green 1 (EGY1) protein is required for chloroplast development and photosynthesis conduction. The egy1 deletion mutants have a yellow-green phenotype and reduced granal thylakoids. Furthermore, the yellow-green phenotype of egy1 mutants is more obvious than that of wild-type (WT) plants with increasing leaf age, suggesting an early senescence in the egy1 mutants. However, the relationship between EGY1 functions and leaf senescence still remains poorly understood. RESULTS We observed that egy1 mutant leaves were more yellow than those of WT (the same age) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In accompany with this phenotype, leaf survival, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and soluble protein content decreased, and ion leakage increased significantly in egy1 mutants compared to WT plants. At molecular level, the expressions of senescence-associated genes increased, and photosynthesis genes decreased significantly in the mutants compared to those in WT plants. Furthermore, after darkness treatment, the yellow-green phenotype of egy1 mutants was more obvious than that of WT. These results indicate that the loss-of-function of egy1 gene induces leaf senescence in A. thaliana. In addition, our results showed that the yellow-green phenotype, chlorophyll content and ion leakage of egy1 mutants was partially restored after exogenously applied glucose for 5 weeks. At the same time, the expression of hexokinase 1 (HXK1) and/or senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) in egy1 mutants growing on 2 % glucose was lower than that in egy1 mutants without glucose. CONCLUSION EGY1-defection induced leaf senescence and this senescence was partially restored by glucose in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Chen
- Stress Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jin Wang
- Stress Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Stress Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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137
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Huang LM, Lai CP, Chen LFO, Chan MT, Shaw JF. Arabidopsis SFAR4 is a novel GDSL-type esterase involved in fatty acid degradation and glucose tolerance. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 56:33. [PMID: 28510842 PMCID: PMC5432905 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SFARs (seed fatty acid reducers) belonging to the GDSL lipases/esterases family have been reported to reduce fatty acid storage and composition in mature Arabidopsis seeds. GDSL lipases/esterases are hydrolytic enzymes that possess multifunctional properties, such as broad substrate specificity, regiospecificity, and stereoselectivity. Studies on the physiological functions and biochemical characteristics of GDSL lipases/esterases in plants are limited, so it is important to elucidate the molecular functions of GDSL-type genes. RESULTS We found that SFAR4 (At3g48460), a fatty acid reducer belonging to the Arabidopsis GDSL lipases/esterases family, was intensely expressed in embryo protrusion, early seedlings, and pollen. The characterization of recombinant SFAR4 protein indicated that it has short-length p-nitrophenyl esterase activity. In addition, SFAR4 enhanced the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism during seed germination and seedling development. SFAR4 elevated the expression of COMATOSE, which transports fatty acids into peroxisomes, and of LACS6 and LACS7, which deliver long-chain acetyl-CoA for β-oxidation. Furthermore, SFAR4 increased the transcription of PED1 and PNC1, which function in importing peroxisomal ATP required for fatty acid degradation. SFAR4 has another function on tolerance to high glucose concentrations but had no significant effects on the expression of the glucose sensor HXK1. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that SFAR4 is a GDSL-type esterase involved in fatty acid metabolism during post-germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis. We suggested that SFAR4 plays an important role in fatty acid degradation, thus reducing the fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., SinShih Dist., Tainan, 74145 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ping Lai
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Far East University, No. 49, Zhonghua Rd., Xinshi Dist., Tainan City, 74448 Taiwan
| | - Long-Fang O. Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsair Chan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., SinShih Dist., Tainan, 74145 Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, 84001 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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138
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Pentatricopeptide-repeat family protein RF6 functions with hexokinase 6 to rescue rice cytoplasmic male sterility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14984-9. [PMID: 26578814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511748112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been extensively used for hybrid seed production in many major crops. Honglian CMS (HL-CMS) is one of the three major types of CMS in rice and has contributed greatly to food security worldwide. The HL-CMS trait is associated with an aberrant chimeric mitochondrial transcript, atp6-orfH79, which causes pollen sterility and can be rescued by two nonallelic restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes, Rf5 or Rf6. Here, we report the identification of Rf6, which encodes a novel pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein with a characteristic duplication of PPR motifs 3-5. RF6 is targeted to mitochondria, where it physically associates with hexokinase 6 (OsHXK6) and promotes the processing of the aberrant CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79 at nucleotide 1238, which ensures normal pollen development and restores fertility. The duplicated motif 3 of RF6 is essential for RF6-OsHXK6 interactions, processing of the aberrant transcript, and restoration of fertility. Furthermore, reductions in the level of OsHXK6 result in atp6-orfH79 transcript accumulation and male sterility. Together these results reveal a novel mechanism for CMS restoration by which RF6 functions with OsHXK6 to restore HL-CMS fertility. The present study also provides insight into the function of hexokinase 6 in regulating mitochondrial RNA metabolism and may facilitate further exploitation of heterosis in rice.
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139
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Biancucci M, Mattioli R, Moubayidin L, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Trovato M. Proline affects the size of the root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:263. [PMID: 26514776 PMCID: PMC4625561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported previously that root elongation in Arabidopsis is promoted by exogenous proline, raising the possibility that this amino acid may modulate root growth. RESULTS To evaluate this hypothesis we used a combination of genetic, pharmacological and molecular analyses, and showed that proline specifically affects root growth by modulating the size of the root meristem. The effects of proline on meristem size are parallel to, and independent from, hormonal pathways, and do not involve the expression of genes controlling cell differentiation at the transition zone. On the contrary, proline appears to control cell division in early stages of postembryonic root development, as shown by the expression of the G2/M-specific CYCLINB1;1 (CYCB1;1) gene. CONCLUSIONS The overall data suggest that proline can modulate the size of root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis likely controlling cell division and, in turn, the ratio between cell division and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biancucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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140
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Bi Y, He J. Brassinosteroid is required for sugar promotion of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis in darkness. PLANTA 2015; 242:881-93. [PMID: 25998528 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid is necessary for sugar promotion of Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation in darkness, and sugar positively regulates BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) at both transcription and protein levels. Sugar has the ability to induce Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation in the dark, but the detailed mechanisms remain not well understood. Here, we report that the steroidal phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) is involved in sugar promotion of hypocotyl elongation in the dark. Sugar-induced hypocotyl elongation was significantly repressed in the BR-deficient mutant det2-1, BR-insensitive mutant bri1-5, and wild-type plants (Col-0), but not in the BR-hypersensitive mutants bzr1-1D and bes1-D treated with the BR biosynthetic inhibitor brassinazole (BRZ). Sugar also up-regulated the expression of genes that are related to cell elongation in a BR-dependent manner, and this effect was more remarkable in bzr1-1D and bes1-D than in their corresponding wild types in the presence of BRZ, suggesting an important role of BZR1 and bri1-ems-suppressor 1 (BES1) in this process. Sugar treatment seems to have little effect on BR biosynthesis, but enhances the expression of BZR1 and BES1, two transcription factors in BR signaling, in the dark. Furthermore, sugar treatment maintains higher BZR1 protein levels in plants grown in the dark. Collectively, our results indicate that BR is required for sugar promotion of hypocotyl elongation in darkness in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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141
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Maruta T, Miyazaki N, Nosaka R, Tanaka H, Padilla-Chacon D, Otori K, Kimura A, Tanabe N, Yoshimura K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. A gain-of-function mutation of plastidic invertase alters nuclear gene expression with sucrose treatment partially via GENOMES UNCOUPLED1-mediated signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1013-1023. [PMID: 25628228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastid gene expression (PGE) is one of the signals that regulate the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) via GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1)-dependent retrograde signaling. We recently isolated Arabidopsis sugar-inducible cotyledon yellow-192 (sicy-192), a gain-of-function mutant of plastidic invertase, and showed that following the treatment of this mutant with sucrose, the expression of PhANGs as well as PGE decreased, suggesting that the sicy-192 mutation activates a PGE-evoked and GUN1-mediated retrograde pathway. To clarify the relationship between the sicy-192 mutation, PGE, and GUN1-mediated pathway, plastid and nuclear gene expression in a double mutant of sicy-192 and gun1-101, a null mutant of GUN1 was studied. Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent PGE was markedly suppressed in the sicy-192 mutant by the sucrose treatment, but the suppression as well as cotyledon yellow phenotype was not mitigated by GUN1 disruption. Microarray analysis revealed that the altered expression of nuclear genes such as PhANG in the sucrose-treated sicy-192 mutant was largely dependent on GUN1. The present findings demonstrated that the sicy-192 mutation alters nuclear gene expression with sucrose treatment via GUN1, which is possibly followed by inhibiting PEP-dependent PGE, providing a new insight into the role of plastid sugar metabolism in nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyazaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Ryota Nosaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Daniel Padilla-Chacon
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kumi Otori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ayako Kimura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
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142
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Feng J, Zhao S, Chen X, Wang W, Dong W, Chen J, Shen JR, Liu L, Kuang T. Biochemical and structural study of Arabidopsis hexokinase 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:367-75. [PMID: 25664748 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714026091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHXK1) plays a dual role in glycolysis and sugar sensing for vital metabolic and physiological processes. The uncoupling of glucose signalling from glucose metabolism was demonstrated by the analysis of two mutants (AtHXK1(G104D) and AtHXK1(S177A)) that are catalytically inactive but still functional in signalling. In this study, substrate-binding experiments indicate that the two catalytically inactive mutants have a high affinity for glucose, and an ordered substrate-binding mechanism has been observed for wild-type AtHXK1. The structure of AtHXK1 was determined both in its inactive unliganded form and in its active glucose-bound form at resolutions of 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. These structures reveal a domain rearrangement of AtHXK1 upon glucose binding. The 2.1 Å resolution structure of AtHXK1(S177A) in the glucose-bound form shows similar glucose-binding interactions as the wild type. A glucose-sensing network has been proposed based on these structures. Taken together, the results provide a structural explanation for the dual functions of AtHXK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
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143
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Abstract
Sugars, the end products of photosynthesis, not only fuel growth and development of plants as carbon and energy sources, but also function as signaling molecules to modulate a range of important processes during plant growth and development. We recently found that sugar can promote hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis in darkness and this is largely dependent on brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of essential phytohormones involved in mediation of plant cell elongation. Sugars not only positively regulate the transcription of BZR1, the gene encoding the BR-activated transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BRZ1), but also stabilize the BZR1 protein. Based on these results, we proposed that BZR1 may act as a converging node for crosstalk between BR and sugar signaling in regulating plant growth in darkness. In this short communication, we present some new data showing that HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), the first identified glucose (Glc) sensor in plants, was positively involved in Glc promotion of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis in the dark. It appears that the function of HXK1 is dependent on the presence of BR, suggesting that BR may act downstream of HXK1 to positively regulate Glc-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, China
| | - Junxian He
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence to: Junxian He;
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Cordoba E, Aceves-Zamudio DL, Hernández-Bernal AF, Ramos-Vega M, León P. Sugar regulation of SUGAR TRANSPORTER PROTEIN 1 (STP1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:147-59. [PMID: 25281700 PMCID: PMC4265152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugars regulate the expression of many genes at the transcriptional level. In Arabidopsis thaliana, sugars induce or repress the expression of >1800 genes, including the STP1 (SUGAR TRANSPORTER PROTEIN 1) gene, which encodes an H(+)/monosaccharide cotransporter. STP1 transcript levels decrease more rapidly after the addition of low concentrations of sugars than the levels of other repressed genes, such as DIN6 (DARK-INDUCED 6). We found that this regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level and is initiated by phosphorylatable sugars. Interestingly, the sugar signal that modulates STP1 expression is transmitted through a HEXOKINASE 1-independent signalling pathway. Finally, analysis of the STP1 5' regulatory region allowed us to delimit a region of 309bp that contains the cis elements implicated in the glucose regulation of STP1 expression. Putative cis-acting elements involved in this response were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cordoba
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Denise Lizeth Aceves-Zamudio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Alma Fabiola Hernández-Bernal
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Maricela Ramos-Vega
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Patricia León
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
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145
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Jamsheer K M, Laxmi A. Expression of Arabidopsis FCS-Like Zinc finger genes is differentially regulated by sugars, cellular energy level, and abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:746. [PMID: 26442059 PMCID: PMC4585328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular energy status is an important regulator of plant growth, development, and stress mitigation. Environmental stresses ultimately lead to energy deficit in the cell which activates the SNF1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) signaling cascade which eventually triggering a massive reprogramming of transcription to enable the plant to survive under low-energy conditions. The role of Arabidopsis thaliana FCS-Like Zinc finger (FLZ) gene family in energy and stress signaling is recently come to highlight after their interaction with kinase subunits of SnRK1 were identified. In a detailed expression analysis in different sugars, energy starvation, and replenishment series, we identified that the expression of most of the FLZ genes is differentially modulated by cellular energy level. It was found that FLZ gene family contains genes which are both positively and negatively regulated by energy deficit as well as energy-rich conditions. Genetic and pharmacological studies identified the role of HEXOKINASE 1- dependent and energy signaling pathways in the sugar-induced expression of FLZ genes. Further, these genes were also found to be highly responsive to different stresses as well as abscisic acid. In over-expression of kinase subunit of SnRK1, FLZ genes were found to be differentially regulated in accordance with their response toward energy fluctuation suggesting that these genes may work downstream to the established SnRK1 signaling under low-energy stress. Taken together, the present study provides a conceptual framework for further studies related to SnRK1-FLZ interaction in relation to sugar and energy signaling and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- *Correspondence: Ashverya Laxmi, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-110067, India,
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146
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Huang JP, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Chang Y, Jones AM. Cooperative control between AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 in a WD40-repeat protein pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:851. [PMID: 26528314 PMCID: PMC4602111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
HEXOKINASE 1 (AtHXK1) and Regulator of G-protein Signaling 1 (AtRGS1) pathways, mediate D-glucose signaling in Arabidopsis. However, it is not known the degree, if any, that these pathways overlap and how. We show modest signaling crosstalk between these pathways, albeit complex with both epistatic interactions and additive effects that may be indirect. The action of HXK1 on AtRGS1 signaling lies downstream of the primary step in G protein-mediated sugar signaling in which the WD-repeat protein, AGB1, is the propelling signaling element. RHIP1, a previously unknown protein predicted here to have a 3-stranded helical structure, interacts with both AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 in planta and is required for some glucose-regulated gene expression, providing a physical connection between these two proteins in sugar signaling. The rhip1 null mutant displays similar seedling growth phenotypes as rgs1-2 in response to glucose, further suggesting a role for RHIP1 in glucose signaling. In conclusion, glucose signaling is a complex hierarchical relationship which is specific to the target gene and sugar phenotype and suggests that there are two glycolysis-independent glucose signaling sensors: AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 that weakly communicate with each other via feed-back and feed-forward loops to fine tune the response to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Huang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | | | - Ying Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chang, ; Alan M. Jones,
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, USA
- *Correspondence: Ying Chang, ; Alan M. Jones,
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147
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Sutcliffe EL, Rao S. Duplicity of protein kinase C-θ: Novel insights into human T-cell biology. Transcription 2014; 2:189-192. [PMID: 21922062 DOI: 10.4161/trns.2.4.16565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported on a new wrinkle of complexity in how eukaryotic genes are regulated by providing evidence for a hitherto unknown nuclear function of the signaling kinase, Protein Kinase C-theta (PKC-θ). This chromatin-anchored complex positively regulates inducible immune genes and negatively regulates target miRNA genes. These data challenge the traditional view of mammalian signaling kinases and provides new avenues for therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa L Sutcliffe
- Discipline of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Applied Science; University of Canberra; Canberra, Australia
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148
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Stitz M, Hartl M, Baldwin IT, Gaquerel E. Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine coordinates metabolic networks required for anthesis and floral attractant emission in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata). THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3964-83. [PMID: 25326292 PMCID: PMC4247565 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid and its derivatives (jasmonates [JAs]) play central roles in floral development and maturation. The binding of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the F-box of CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) is required for many JA-dependent physiological responses, but its role in anthesis and pollinator attraction traits remains largely unexplored. Here, we used the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, which develops sympetalous flowers with complex pollination biology, to examine the coordinating function of JA homeostasis in the distinct metabolic processes that underlie flower maturation, opening, and advertisement to pollinators. From combined transcriptomic, targeted metabolic, and allometric analyses of transgenic N. attenuata plants for which signaling deficiencies were complemented with methyl jasmonate, JA-Ile, and its functional homolog, coronatine (COR), we demonstrate that (1) JA-Ile/COR-based signaling regulates corolla limb opening and a JA-negative feedback loop; (2) production of floral volatiles (night emissions of benzylacetone) and nectar requires JA-Ile/COR perception through COI1; and (3) limb expansion involves JA-Ile-induced changes in limb fresh mass and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings demonstrate a master regulatory function of the JA-Ile/COI1 duet for the main function of a sympetalous corolla, that of advertising for and rewarding pollinator services. Flower opening, by contrast, requires JA-Ile signaling-dependent changes in primary metabolism, which are not compromised in the COI1-silenced RNA interference line used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Hartl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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149
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Neuhaus HE, Trentmann O. Regulation of transport processes across the tonoplast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:460. [PMID: 25309559 PMCID: PMC4160088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the vacuole builds up the cellular turgor and represents an important component in cellular responses to diverse stress stimuli. Rapid volume changes of cells, particularly of motor cells, like guard cells, are caused by variation of osmolytes and consequently of the water contents in the vacuole. Moreover, directed solute uptake into or release out of the large central vacuole allows adaptation of cytosolic metabolite levels according to the current physiological requirements and specific cellular demands. Therefore, solute passage across the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast, has to be tightly regulated. Important principles in vacuolar transport regulation are changes of tonoplast transport protein abundances by differential expression of genes or changes of their activities, e.g., due to post-translational modification or by interacting proteins. Because vacuolar transport is in most cases driven by an electro-chemical gradient altered activities of tonoplast proton pumps significantly influence vacuolar transport capacities. Intense studies on individual tonoplast proteins but also unbiased system biological approaches have provided important insights into the regulation of vacuolar transport. This short review refers to selected examples of tonoplast proteins and their regulation, with special focus on protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- *Correspondence: Oliver Trentmann, Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany e-mail:
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150
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Matsoukas IG. Interplay between sugar and hormone signaling pathways modulate floral signal transduction. Front Genet 2014; 5:218. [PMID: 25165468 PMCID: PMC4131243 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NOMENCLATURE The following nomenclature will be used in this article: Names of genes are written in italicized upper-case letters, e.g., ABI4.Names of proteins are written in non-italicized upper-case letters, e.g., ABI4.Names of mutants are written in italicized lower-case letters, e.g., abi4. The juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions are major determinants of plant reproductive success and adaptation to the local environment. Understanding the intricate molecular genetic and physiological machinery by which environment regulates juvenility and floral signal transduction has significant scientific and economic implications. Sugars are recognized as important regulatory molecules that regulate cellular activity at multiple levels, from transcription and translation to protein stability and activity. Molecular genetic and physiological approaches have demonstrated different aspects of carbohydrate involvement and its interactions with other signal transduction pathways in regulation of the juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions. Sugars regulate juvenility and floral signal transduction through their function as energy sources, osmotic regulators and signaling molecules. Interestingly, sugar signaling has been shown to involve extensive connections with phytohormone signaling. This includes interactions with phytohormones that are also important for the orchestration of developmental phase transitions, including gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids. This article highlights the potential roles of sugar-hormone interactions in regulation of floral signal transduction, with particular emphasis on Arabidopsis thaliana mutant phenotypes, and suggests possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianis G Matsoukas
- Institute for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies, University of Bolton Bolton, UK ; Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton Bolton, UK
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