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Perry-Hauser NA, Hopkins JB, Zhuo Y, Zheng C, Perez I, Schultz KM, Vishnivetskiy SA, Kaya AI, Sharma P, Dalby KN, Chung KY, Klug CS, Gurevich VV, Iverson TM. The two non-visual arrestins engage ERK2 differently. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167465. [PMID: 35077767 PMCID: PMC8977243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arrestin binding to active phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors terminates G protein coupling and initiates another wave of signaling. Among the effectors that bind directly to receptor-associated arrestins are extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), which promote cellular proliferation and survival. Arrestins may also engage ERK1/2 in isolation in a pre- or post-signaling complex that is likely in equilibrium with the full signal initiation complex. Molecular details of these binary complexes remain unknown. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby arrestin-2 and arrestin-3 (a.k.a. β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, respectively) engage ERK1/2 in pairwise interactions. We find that purified arrestin-3 binds ERK2 more avidly than arrestin-2. A combination of biophysical techniques and peptide array analysis demonstrates that the molecular basis in this difference of binding strength is that the two non-visual arrestins bind ERK2 via different parts of the molecule. We propose a structural model of the ERK2-arrestin-3 complex in solution using size-exclusion chromatography coupled to small angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS). This binary complex exhibits conformational heterogeneity. We speculate that this drives the equilibrium either toward the full signaling complex with receptor-bound arrestin at the membrane or toward full dissociation in the cytoplasm. As ERK1/2 regulates cell migration, proliferation, and survival, understanding complexes that relate to its activation could be exploited to control cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Perry-Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States. https://twitter.com/EmilyBroadis
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- BioCAT, Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Ya Zhuo
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Ivette Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kathryn M Schultz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Sergey A Vishnivetskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Ali I Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Candice S Klug
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States.
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States.
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102
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Martínez-Morales JC, Romero-Ávila MT, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Roles of receptor phosphorylation and Rab proteins in G protein-coupled receptor function and trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:144-153. [PMID: 34969830 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The G Protein-Coupled Receptors form the most abundant family of membrane proteins and are crucial physiological players in the homeostatic equilibrium, which we define as health. They also participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases and are frequent targets of therapeutic intervention. Considering their importance, it is not surprising that different mechanisms regulate their function, including desensitization, resensitization, internalization, recycling to the plasma membrane, and degradation. These processes are modulated in a highly coordinated and specific way by protein kinases and phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, protein adaptors, interaction with multifunctional complexes, molecular motors, phospholipid metabolism, and membrane distribution. This review describes significant advances in the study of the regulation of these receptors by phosphorylation and endosomal traffic (where signaling can take place); we revisited the bar code hypothesis and include two additional observations: a) that different phosphorylation patterns seem to be associated with internalization and endosome sorting for recycling or degradation, and b) that, surprisingly, phosphorylation of some G protein-coupled receptors appears to be required for proper receptor insertion into the plasma membrane. Significance Statement G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation is an early event in desensitization/ signaling switching, endosomal traffic, and internalization. These events seem crucial for receptor responsiveness, cellular localization, and fate (recycling/ degradation) with important pharmacological/ therapeutic implications. Phosphorylation sites vary depending on the cells in which they are expressed and on the stimulus that leads to such covalent modification. Surprisingly, evidence suggests that phosphorylation also seems to be required for proper insertion into the plasma membrane for some receptors.
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103
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Abrol R, Serrano E, Santiago LJ. Development of enhanced conformational sampling methods to probe the activation landscape of GPCRs. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 128:325-359. [PMID: 35034722 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play critical signal transduction roles in many physiological processes. Developments in molecular biology, biophysical, biochemical, pharmacological, and computational techniques aimed at these important therapeutic targets are beginning to provide unprecedented details on the structural as well as functional basis of their pleiotropic signaling mediated by G proteins, β arrestins, and other transducers. This pleiotropy presents a pharmacological challenge as the same ligand-receptor interaction can cause a therapeutic effect as well as an undesirable on-target side-effect through different downstream pathways. GPCRs don't function as simple binary on-off switches but as finely tuned shape-shifting machines described by conformational ensembles, where unique subsets of conformations may be responsible for specific signaling cascades. X-ray crystallography and more recently cryo-electron microscopy are providing snapshots of some of these functionally-important receptor conformations bound to ligands and/or transducers, which are being utilized by computational methods to describe the dynamic conformational energy landscape of GPCRs. In this chapter, we review the progress in computational conformational sampling methods based on molecular dynamics and discrete sampling approaches that have been successful in complementing biophysical and biochemical studies on these receptors in terms of their activation mechanisms, allosteric effects, actions of biased ligands, and effects of pathological mutations. Some of the sampled simulation time scales are beginning to approach receptor activation time scales. The list of conformational sampling methods and example uses discussed is not exhaustive but includes representative examples that have pushed the limits of classical molecular dynamics and discrete sampling methods to describe the activation energy landscape of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Abrol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States.
| | - Erik Serrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Luis Jaimes Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
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104
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Biased M1 muscarinic receptor mutant mice show accelerated progression of prion neurodegenerative disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107389118. [PMID: 34893539 PMCID: PMC8685681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107389118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-receptor) plays a crucial role in learning and memory and is a validated drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, M1-receptor ligands have been demonstrated to display disease-modifying effects in preclinical models of neurodegenerative disease. By employing a genetic mouse model expressing a G protein–biased M1-receptor in combination with a mouse model of terminal neurodegenerative disease, we demonstrate here that the M1-receptor exerts an inherent neuroprotective activity that is dependent on its phosphorylation status. Thus, in AD drug development programs, M1-receptor ligands that maintain the receptor phosphorylation status will be more likely to lead to beneficial neuroprotective outcomes. There are currently no treatments that can slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is, however, a growing body of evidence that activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-receptor) can not only restore memory loss in AD patients but in preclinical animal models can also slow neurodegenerative disease progression. The generation of an effective medicine targeting the M1-receptor has however been severely hampered by associated cholinergic adverse responses. By using genetically engineered mouse models that express a G protein–biased M1-receptor, we recently established that M1-receptor mediated adverse responses can be minimized by ensuring activating ligands maintain receptor phosphorylation/arrestin-dependent signaling. Here, we use these same genetic models in concert with murine prion disease, a terminal neurodegenerative disease showing key hallmarks of AD, to establish that phosphorylation/arrestin-dependent signaling delivers neuroprotection that both extends normal animal behavior and prolongs the life span of prion-diseased mice. Our data point to an important neuroprotective property inherent to the M1-receptor and indicate that next generation M1-receptor ligands designed to drive receptor phosphorylation/arrestin-dependent signaling would potentially show low adverse responses while delivering neuroprotection that will slow disease progression.
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105
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Arora R, Van Theemsche KM, Van Remoortel S, Snyders DJ, Labro AJ, Timmermans JP. Constitutive, Basal, and β-Alanine-Mediated Activation of the Human Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor D Induces Release of the Inflammatory Cytokine IL-6 and Is Dependent on NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413254. [PMID: 34948051 PMCID: PMC8703779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as key players in regulating (patho)physiological processes, including inflammation. Members of the Mas-related G protein coupled receptors (MRGPRs), a subfamily of GPCRs, are largely expressed by sensory neurons and known to modulate itch and pain. Several members of MRGPRs are also expressed in mast cells, macrophages, and in cardiovascular tissue, linking them to pseudo-allergic drug reactions and suggesting a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system. However, involvement of the human Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor D (MRGPRD) in the regulation of the inflammatory mediator interleukin 6 (IL-6) has not been demonstrated to date. By stimulating human MRGPRD-expressing HeLa cells with the agonist β-alanine, we observed a release of IL-6. β-alanine-induced signaling through MRGPRD was investigated further by probing downstream signaling effectors along the Gαq/Phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, which results in an IkB kinases (IKK)-mediated canonical activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and stimulation of IL-6 release. This IL-6 release could be blocked by a Gαq inhibitor (YM-254890), an IKK complex inhibitor (IKK-16), and partly by a PLC inhibitor (U-73122). Additionally, we investigated the constitutive (ligand-independent) and basal activity of MRGPRD and concluded that the observed basal activity of MRGPRD is dependent on the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium. Consequently, the dynamic range for IL-6 detection as an assay for β-alanine-mediated activation of MRGPRD is substantially increased by culturing the cells in FBS free medium before treatment. Overall, the observation that MRGPRD mediates the release of IL-6 in an in vitro system, hints at a role as an inflammatory mediator and supports the notion that IL-6 can be used as a marker for MRGPRD activation in an in vitro drug screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Arora
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Kenny M. Van Theemsche
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Samuel Van Remoortel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Dirk J. Snyders
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Alain J. Labro
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +32-9-3320034 (A.J.L.); +32-3-2653327 (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +32-9-3320034 (A.J.L.); +32-3-2653327 (J.-P.T.)
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106
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Kotulová J, Hajdúch M, Džubák P. Current Adenosinergic Therapies: What Do Cancer Cells Stand to Gain and Lose? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12569. [PMID: 34830449 PMCID: PMC8617980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key objective in immuno-oncology is to reactivate the dormant immune system and increase tumour immunogenicity. Adenosine is an omnipresent purine that is formed in response to stress stimuli in order to restore physiological balance, mainly via anti-inflammatory, tissue-protective, and anti-nociceptive mechanisms. Adenosine overproduction occurs in all stages of tumorigenesis, from the initial inflammation/local tissue damage to the precancerous niche and the developed tumour, making the adenosinergic pathway an attractive but challenging therapeutic target. Many current efforts in immuno-oncology are focused on restoring immunosurveillance, largely by blocking adenosine-producing enzymes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and adenosine receptors on immune cells either alone or combined with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. However, the effects of adenosinergic immunotherapy are not restricted to immune cells; other cells in the TME including cancer and stromal cells are also affected. Here we summarise recent advancements in the understanding of the tumour adenosinergic system and highlight the impact of current and prospective immunomodulatory therapies on other cell types within the TME, focusing on adenosine receptors in tumour cells. In addition, we evaluate the structure- and context-related limitations of targeting this pathway and highlight avenues that could possibly be exploited in future adenosinergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.)
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107
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Karnam PC, Vishnivetskiy SA, Gurevich VV. Structural Basis of Arrestin Selectivity for Active Phosphorylated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212481. [PMID: 34830362 PMCID: PMC8621391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are a small family of proteins that bind G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestin binds to active phosphorylated GPCRs with higher affinity than to all other functional forms of the receptor, including inactive phosphorylated and active unphosphorylated. The selectivity of arrestins suggests that they must have two sensors, which detect receptor-attached phosphates and the active receptor conformation independently. Simultaneous engagement of both sensors enables arrestin transition into a high-affinity receptor-binding state. This transition involves a global conformational rearrangement that brings additional elements of the arrestin molecule, including the middle loop, in contact with a GPCR, thereby stabilizing the complex. Here, we review structural and mutagenesis data that identify these two sensors and additional receptor-binding elements within the arrestin molecule. While most data were obtained with the arrestin-1-rhodopsin pair, the evidence suggests that all arrestins use similar mechanisms to achieve preferential binding to active phosphorylated GPCRs.
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108
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Reusch B, Bartram MP, Dafinger C, Palacio-Escat N, Wenzel A, Fenton RA, Saez-Rodriguez J, Schermer B, Benzing T, Altmüller J, Beck BB, Rinschen MM. MAGED2 controls vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 expression in collecting duct cells. J Proteomics 2021; 252:104424. [PMID: 34775100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Melanoma-Associated Antigen D2 (MAGED2) cause antenatal Bartter syndrome type 5 (BARTS5). This rare disease is characterized by perinatal loss of urinary concentration capability and large urine volumes. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease are largely unclear. Here, we study the effect of MAGED2 knockdown on kidney cell cultures using proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses. In HEK293T cells, MAGED2 knockdown induces prominent changes in protein phosphorylation rather than changes in protein abundance. MAGED2 is expressed in mouse embryonic kidneys and its expression declines during development. MAGED2 interacts with G-protein alpha subunit (GNAS), suggesting a role in G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) signalling. In kidney collecting duct cell lines, Maged2 knockdown subtly modulated vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R)-induced cAMP-generation kinetics, rewired phosphorylation-dependent signalling, and phosphorylation of CREB. Maged2 knockdown resulted in a large increase in aquaporin-2 abundance during long-term V2R activation. The increase in aquaporin-2 protein was mediated transcriptionally. Taken together, we link MAGED2 function to cellular signalling as a desensitizer of V2R-induced aquaporin-2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE: In most forms of Bartter Syndrome, the underlying cause of the disease is well understood. In contrast, the role of MAGED2 mutations in a newly discovered form of Bartter Syndrome (BARTS5) is unknown. In our manuscript we could show that MAGED2 modulates vasopressin-induced protein and phosphorylation patterns in kidney cells, providing a broad basis for further studies of MAGED2 function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Reusch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte P Bartram
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Dafinger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolàs Palacio-Escat
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wenzel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Core Facility Genomics, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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109
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Zang Y, Kahsai AW, Pakharukova N, Huang LY, Lefkowitz RJ. The GPCR-β-arrestin complex allosterically activates C-Raf by binding its amino terminus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101369. [PMID: 34757127 PMCID: PMC8633562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) convert external stimuli into cellular signals through heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) and β-arrestins (βarrs). In a βarr-dependent signaling pathway, βarrs link GPCRs to various downstream signaling partners, such as the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade. Agonist-stimulated GPCR-βarr complexes have been shown to interact with C-Raf and are thought to initiate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through simple tethering of these signaling partners. However, recent evidence shows that in addition to canonical scaffolding functions, βarrs can allosterically activate downstream targets, such as the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src. Here, we demonstrate the direct allosteric activation of C-Raf by GPCR-βarr1 complexes in vitro. Furthermore, we show that βarr1 in complex with a synthetic phosphopeptide mimicking the human V2 vasopressin receptor tail that binds and functionally activates βarrs also allosterically activates C-Raf. We reveal that the interaction between the phosphorylated GPCR C terminus and βarr1 is necessary and sufficient for C-Raf activation. Interestingly, the interaction between βarr1 and C-Raf was considerably reduced in the presence of excess activated H-Ras, a small GTPase known to activate C-Raf, suggesting that H-Ras and βarr1 bind to the same region on C-Raf. Furthermore, we found that βarr1 interacts with the Ras-binding domain of C-Raf. Taken together, these data suggest that in addition to canonical scaffolding functions, GPCR-βarr complexes directly allosterically activate C-Raf by binding to its amino terminus. This work provides novel insights into how βarrs regulate effector molecules to activate downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Pakharukova
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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110
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Pydi SP, Barella LF, Zhu L, Meister J, Rossi M, Wess J. β-Arrestins as Important Regulators of Glucose and Energy Homeostasis. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:17-40. [PMID: 34705480 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060721-092948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β-Arrestin-1 and -2 (also known as arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) are ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic proteins that dampen signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. However, β-arrestins can also act as signaling molecules in their own right. To investigate the potential metabolic roles of the two β-arrestins in modulating glucose and energy homeostasis, recent studies analyzed mutant mice that lacked or overexpressed β-arrestin-1 and/or -2 in distinct, metabolically important cell types. Metabolic analysis of these mutant mice clearly demonstrated that both β-arrestins play key roles in regulating the function of most of these cell types, resulting in striking changes in whole-body glucose and/or energy homeostasis. These studies also revealed that β-arrestin-1 and -2, though structurally closely related, clearly differ in their metabolic roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These new findings should guide the development of novel drugs for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; .,Current affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Lu Zhu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Mario Rossi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
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111
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A. Cardiovascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: Focus on non-Gq-, non-βarrestin-dependent signaling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105943. [PMID: 34662735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor ubiquitously expressed throughout the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of intense investigations for decades. The success of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are AT1R-selective antagonists/inverse agonists, in the treatment of heart disease is a testament to the importance of this receptor for cardiovascular homeostasis. Given the pleiotropic signaling of the cardiovascular AT1R and, in an effort to develop yet better drugs for heart disease, the concept of biased signaling has been exploited to design and develop biased AT1R ligands that selectively activate β-arrestin transduction pathways over Gq protein-dependent pathways. However, by focusing solely on Gq or β-arrestins, studies on AT1R "biased" signaling & agonism tend to largely ignore other non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling modalities the very versatile AT1R employs in cardiovascular tissues, including two very important types of signal transducers/regulators: other G protein types (e.g., Gi/o, G12/13) & the Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of cardiovascular AT1R biased signaling field with a special focus on the non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling avenues of this receptor in the cardiovascular system, which usually get left out of the conversation of "biased" AT1R signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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112
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Johnson GP, Jonas KC. Mechanistic insight into how gonadotropin hormone receptor complexes direct signaling†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:773-783. [PMID: 31882999 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin hormones and their receptors play a central role in the control of male and female reproduction. In recent years, there has been growing evidence surrounding the complexity of gonadotropin hormone/receptor signaling, with it increasingly apparent that the Gαs/cAMP/PKA pathway is not the sole signaling pathway that confers their biological actions. Here we review recent literature on the different receptor-receptor, receptor-scaffold, and receptor-signaling molecule complexes formed and how these modulate and direct gonadotropin hormone-dependent intracellular signal activation. We will touch upon the more controversial issue of extragonadal expression of FSHR and the differential signal pathways activated in these tissues, and lastly, highlight the open questions surrounding the role these gonadotropin hormone receptor complexes and how this will shape future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Carol Jonas
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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113
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Goulding J, Kondrashov A, Mistry SJ, Melarangi T, Vo NTN, Hoang DM, White CW, Denning C, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to monitor cell surface β2-adrenoceptors at low expression levels in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21398. [PMID: 33710675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cell phenotype in determining the molecular mechanisms underlying β2 -adrenoceptor (β2AR) function has been noted previously when comparing responses in primary cells and recombinant model cell lines. Here, we have generated haplotype-specific SNAP-tagged β2AR human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study cell surface receptors in progenitor cells and in differentiated fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. FCS was able to quantify SNAP-tagged β2AR number and diffusion in both ES-derived cardiomyocytes and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited HEK293T cells, where the expression level was too low to detect using standard confocal microscopy. These studies demonstrate the power of FCS in investigating cell surface β2ARs at the very low expression levels often seen in endogenously expressing cells. Furthermore, the use of ES cell technology in combination with FCS allowed us to demonstrate that cell surface β2ARs internalize in response to formoterol-stimulation in ES progenitor cells but not following their differentiation into ES-derived fibroblasts. This indicates that the process of agonist-induced receptor internalization is strongly influenced by cell phenotype and this may have important implications for drug treatment with long-acting β2AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tony Melarangi
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Cellular Manufacturing, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl W White
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Denning
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
The four vertebrate arrestins play a key role in the desensitization and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also mediate receptor-dependent signaling. Recent work has shown that bias for arrestin vs G protein signaling could offer certain therapeutic advantages (or disadvantages) in different systems, making assays that measure arrestin binding to receptors important for drug discovery efforts. Herein, we briefly review several commonly used techniques for measuring arrestin binding to receptors, as well as provide an in-depth and methodologically focused review of two methods that do not require receptor modification. The first approach measures direct binding between purified arrestin and rhodopsin, and the second measures the recruitment of arrestin to receptors in living cells.
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115
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Proton-gated coincidence detection is a common feature of GPCR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100171118. [PMID: 34260394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100171118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary expansion of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has produced a rich diversity of transmembrane sensors for many physical and chemical signals. In humans alone, over 800 GPCRs detect stimuli such as light, hormones, and metabolites to guide cellular decision-making primarily using intracellular G protein signaling networks. This diversity is further enriched by GPCRs that function as molecular sensors capable of discerning multiple inputs to transduce cues encoded in complex, context-dependent signals. Here, we show that many GPCRs are coincidence detectors that couple proton (H+) binding to GPCR signaling. Using a panel of 28 receptors covering 280 individual GPCR-Gα coupling combinations, we show that H+ gating both positively and negatively modulates GPCR signaling. Notably, these observations extend to all modes of GPCR pharmacology including ligand efficacy, potency, and cooperativity. Additionally, we show that GPCR antagonism and constitutive activity are regulated by H+ gating and report the discovery of an acid sensor, the adenosine A2a receptor, which can be activated solely by acidic pH. Together, these findings establish a paradigm for GPCR signaling, biology, and pharmacology applicable to acidified microenvironments such as endosomes, synapses, tumors, and ischemic vasculature.
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116
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Jean-Alphonse FG, Sposini S. Confocal and TIRF microscopy based approaches to visualize arrestin trafficking in living cells. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:179-203. [PMID: 34752332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins are key proteins that serve as versatile scaffolds to control and mediate G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) activity. Arrestin control of GPCR functions involves their recruitment from the cytosol to plasma membrane-localized GPCRs and to endosomal compartments, where they mediate internalization, sorting and signaling of GPCRs. Several methods can be used to monitor trafficking of arrestins; however, live fluorescence imaging remains the method of choice to both assess arrestin recruitment to ligand-activated receptors and to monitor its dynamic subcellular localization. Here, we present two approaches based on Total Internal Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and confocal microscopy to visualize arrestin trafficking in live cells in real time and to assess their co-localization with the GPCR of interest and their localization at specific subcellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gaëtan Jean-Alphonse
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Inria Saclay-Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Silvia Sposini
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.
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117
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Olaniru OE, Cheng J, Ast J, Arvaniti A, Atanes P, Huang GC, King AJF, Jones PM, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Persaud SJ. SNAP-tag-enabled super-resolution imaging reveals constitutive and agonist-dependent trafficking of GPR56 in pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101285. [PMID: 34224919 PMCID: PMC8326393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) subfamily are important actors in metabolic processes, with GPR56 (ADGRG1) emerging as a possible target for type 2 diabetes therapy. GPR56 can be activated by collagen III, its endogenous ligand, and by a synthetic seven amino-acid peptide (TYFAVLM; P7) contained within the GPR56 Stachel sequence. However, the mechanisms regulating GPR56 trafficking dynamics and agonist activities are not yet clear. Methods Here, we introduced SNAPf-tag into the N-terminal segment of GPR56 to monitor GPR56 cellular activity in situ. Confocal and super-resolution microscopy were used to investigate the trafficking pattern of GPR56 in native MIN6 β-cells and in MIN6 β-cells where GPR56 had been deleted by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Insulin secretion, changes in intracellular calcium, and β-cell apoptosis were determined by radioimmunoassay, single-cell calcium microfluorimetry, and measuring caspase 3/7 activities, respectively, in MIN6 β-cells and human islets. Results SNAP-tag labelling indicated that GPR56 predominantly underwent constitutive internalisation in the absence of an exogenous agonist, unlike GLP-1R. Collagen III further stimulated GPR56 internalisation, whereas P7 was without significant effect. The overexpression of GPR56 in MIN6 β-cells did not affect insulin secretion. However, it was associated with reduced β-cell apoptosis, while the deletion of GPR56 made MIN6 β-cells more susceptible to cytokine-induced apoptosis. P7 induced a rapid increase in the intracellular calcium in MIN6 β-cells (in a GPR56-dependent manner) and human islets, and it also caused a sustained and reversible increase in insulin secretion from human islets. Collagen III protected human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis, while P7 was without significant effect. Conclusions These data indicate that GPR56 exhibits both agonist-dependent and -independent trafficking in β-cells and suggest that while GPR56 undergoes constitutive signalling, it can also respond to its ligands when required. We have also identified that constitutive and agonist-dependent GPR56 activation is coupled to protect β-cells against apoptosis, offering a potential therapeutic target to maintain β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes. GPR56 predominantly underwent constitutive internalisation in β-cells in the absence of exogenous agonist. The GPR56 agonists, collagen III and P7, showed differential effects on GPR56 trafficking and islet functions. Constitutive and agonist-dependent GPR56 activation is coupled to protection of β-cells against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo E Olaniru
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Jordan Cheng
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anastasia Arvaniti
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patricio Atanes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guo C Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter M Jones
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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118
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is an endogenous β-arrestin-2-selective allosteric modulator of AT1 receptor counteracting vascular injury. Cell Res 2021; 31:773-790. [PMID: 33510386 PMCID: PMC8249609 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has revealed that biased activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AT1) signaling, plays pivotal roles in vascular homeostasis and injury, but whether a clinically relevant endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 signaling exists under physiological and pathophysiological conditions has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that an extracellular matrix protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), acts as an endogenous allosteric biased modulator of the AT1 receptor and its deficiency is clinically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. COMP directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 via its EGF domain and inhibits AT1-β-arrestin-2 signaling, but not Gq or Gi signaling, in a selective manner through allosteric regulation of AT1 intracellular conformational states. COMP deficiency results in activation of AT1a-β-arrestin-2 signaling and subsequent exclusive AAA formation in response to AngII infusion. AAAs in COMP-/- or ApoE-/- mice are rescued by AT1a or β-arrestin-2 deficiency, or the application of a peptidomimetic mimicking the AT1-binding motif of COMP. Explorations of the endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 receptor or other GPCRs may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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119
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Gong X, Tao J, Wang Y, Wu J, An J, Meng J, Wang X, Chen Y, Zou J. Total barley maiya alkaloids inhibit prolactin secretion by acting on dopamine D2 receptor and protein kinase A targets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113994. [PMID: 33711439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Barley maiya from gramineous plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) is obtained from ripe fruits through germination and drying. It is often used to treat diseases associated with high prolactin levels. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-hyperprolactinemia (anti-HPRL) mechanisms of total barley maiya alkaloids (TBMA) and hordenine. METHODS This experiment included 9 groups: Normal group, TBMA group, hordenine group, TBMA + haloperidol group, TBMA + forskolin group, TBMA + 8-bromo-cAMP group, hordenine + haloperidol group, hordenine + forskolin group, and hordenine + 8-bromo-cAMP group. The prolactin (PRL) concentration in the supernatant and the total cAMP concentration in the cells were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of PRL, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and cAMP/PKA/CREB protein were measured by Western Blot. RESULTS In the TBMA group and the hordenine group, the PRL level in MMQ cells was significantly decreased, but in GH3 cells there was no change. DRD2 expression level was markedly increased, cAMP concentration was decreased, and the activity of PKA and CREB declined in MMQ cells. Compared with the TBMA group, there was a significant decrease of DRD2 expression level, a remarkable increase of PRL secretion and an increase of cAMP/PKA/CREB expression in MMQ cells within the TBMA + haloperidol group. Compared with the forskolin group, there was no significant change in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the TBMA + forskolin group. There was a decrease in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the TBMA + 8-bromo-cAMP group compared with the 8-bromo-cAMP group. Compared with the hordenine group, DRD2 expression level was significantly decreased, PRL secretion was markedly increased, and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level was increased in MMQ cells within the hordenine + haloperidol group. There was no significant change in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the hordenine + forskolin group compared with the forskolin group and within the hordenine + 8-bromo-cAMP group compared with the 8-bromo-cAMP group. CONCLUSION TBMA and hordenine can both play an anti-HPRL role via DRD2, and TBMA can also act on PKA targets to exert its anti-HPRL effect. TBMA and hordenine may be potential treatment strategies for HPRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jiahan Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jinhu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Junhua Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Jili Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University Tongren Hospital (The Third Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Alhosaini K, Azhar A, Alonazi A, Al-Zoghaibi F. GPCRs: The most promiscuous druggable receptor of the mankind. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:539-551. [PMID: 34194261 PMCID: PMC8233523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within milliseconds-hours to a specific and unique order required to maintain optimum performance and homeostasis of living organisms. Examples of daily biological functions include neuronal communication and neurotransmission in the process of learning and memory, secretion (hormones, sweat, and saliva), muscle contraction, cellular growth, differentiation and migration during wound healing, and immunity to fight infections. Among the different transducers for such life-dependent signals is the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs constitute roughly 800 genes, corresponding to 2% of the human genome. While GPCRs control a plethora of pathophysiological disorders, only approximately one-third of GPCR families have been deorphanized and characterized. Recent drug data show that around 40% of the recommended drugs available in the market target mainly GPCRs. In this review, we presented how such system signals, either through G protein or via other players, independent of G protein, function within the biological system. We also discussed drugs in the market or clinical trials targeting mainly GPCRs in various diseases, including cancer.
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Key Words
- AC, Adenylyl Cyclase
- Arrestin
- CCR, Chemokine Receptor
- COX, Cyclooxygenase
- DAG, Diacylglycerol
- Drugs
- ERK, Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase
- G proteins
- GIP, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
- GLP1R, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
- GPCR
- GRKs
- GRKs, G protein-coupled Receptor Kinases
- Heterodimerization
- IP3, Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- NMDA, N-Methyl D-Aspartate
- Nbs, Nanobodies
- PAR-1, Protease Activated Receptor 1
- PIP2, Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- Signaling
- cAMP, cyclic AMP
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Azhar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Al-Zoghaibi
- Molecular BioMedicine Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.Box: 3354, MBC:03, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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121
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Wanka L, Behr V, Beck-Sickinger AG. Arrestin-dependent internalization of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Biol Chem 2021; 403:133-149. [PMID: 34036761 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is an important mechanism regulating the signal strength and limiting the opportunity of receptor activation. Based on the importance of GPCRs, the detailed knowledge about the regulation of signal transduction is crucial. Here, current knowledge about the agonist-induced, arrestin-dependent internalization process of rhodopsin-like GPCRs is reviewed. Arrestins are conserved molecules that act as key players within the internalization process of many GPCRs. Based on highly conserved structural characteristics within the rhodopsin-like GPCRs, the identification of arrestin interaction sites in model systems can be compared and used for the investigation of internalization processes of other receptors. The increasing understanding of this essential regulation mechanism of receptors can be used for drug development targeting rhodopsin-like GPCRs. Here, we focus on the neuropeptide Y receptor family, as these receptors transmit various physiological processes such as food intake, energy homeostasis, and regulation of emotional behavior, and are further involved in pathophysiological processes like cancer, obesity and mood disorders. Hence, this receptor family represents an interesting target for the development of novel therapeutics requiring the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms influencing receptor mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Wanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Behr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
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Illuminating the complexity of GPCR pathway selectivity - advances in biosensor development. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 69:142-149. [PMID: 34048988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It should come as no surprise that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to occupy the focus of drug discovery efforts. Their widespread expression and broad role in signal transduction underline their importance in human physiology. Despite more than 800 GPCRs sharing a common architecture, unique differences govern ligand specificity and pathway selectivity. From the relatively simplified view offered by classical radioligand binding assays and contractility responses in organ baths, the road from ligand binding to biological action has become more and more complex as we learn about the molecular mediators that underly GPCR activation and translate it to physiological outcomes. In particular, the development of biosensors has evolved over the years to dissect the capacity of a given receptor to activate individual pathways. Here, we discuss how recent biosensor development has reinforced the idea that biased signaling may become mainstream in drug discovery programs.
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Matthees ESF, Haider RS, Hoffmann C, Drube J. Differential Regulation of GPCRs-Are GRK Expression Levels the Key? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687489. [PMID: 34109182 PMCID: PMC8182058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors and their signal transduction is tightly regulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins. In this review, we discuss novel aspects of the regulatory GRK/β-arrestin system. Therefore, we briefly revise the origin of the "barcode" hypothesis for GPCR/β-arrestin interactions, which states that β-arrestins recognize different receptor phosphorylation states to induce specific functions. We emphasize two important parameters which may influence resulting GPCR phosphorylation patterns: (A) direct GPCR-GRK interactions and (B) tissue-specific expression and availability of GRKs and β-arrestins. In most studies that focus on the molecular mechanisms of GPCR regulation, these expression profiles are underappreciated. Hence we analyzed expression data for GRKs and β-arrestins in 61 tissues annotated in the Human Protein Atlas. We present our analysis in the context of pathophysiological dysregulation of the GPCR/GRK/β-arrestin system. This tissue-specific point of view might be the key to unraveling the individual impact of different GRK isoforms on GPCR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB – Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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Senese NB, Rasenick MM. Antidepressants Produce Persistent G α s-Associated Signaling Changes in Lipid Rafts after Drug Withdrawal. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:66-81. [PMID: 34011569 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Termination of antidepressant therapy often has negative consequences. Although symptoms of antidepressant withdrawal are widely recognized, the molecular processes that underlie them are not well characterized. We show that certain aspects of Gα s signaling remain suppressed after antidepressant withdrawal, even after others have reverted to baseline. Antidepressant treatment causes translocation of Gα s protein from lipid rafts to nonraft membrane regions. This results in augmented Gα s signaling, including facilitated activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP accumulation. Using CC6 or SK-N-SH cells and a lipid raft-localized cAMP sensor, we show that Gα s signaling is reduced in lipid rafts, even while signaling is enhanced elsewhere in the cell. These signaling changes mirror the changes in Gα s localization observed after antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, we show that suppression of Gα s signaling in lipid rafts persists at least 24 hours after cessation of antidepressant treatment. Gα s localization was quantified after membrane isolation and sequential detergent extraction. We show that suppression of lipid raft Gα s signaling persists for an extended time period after antidepressant withdrawal, whereas increased nonraft membrane Gα s signaling reverts partially or fully upon cessation of antidepressant treatment. Translocation of Gα s out of lipid rafts is also persistent. These events may reflect cellular adaptations to antidepressant treatment that contribute to antidepressant discontinuation syndromes and may aid in the discovery of new treatments and strategies to mitigate the symptoms of depression and antidepressant withdrawal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work explores, for the first time, the effects of antidepressants on Gα s signaling after drug withdrawal. This provides novel insight into the cellular and molecular processes affected by antidepressant drugs and their persistence after discontinuation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B Senese
- Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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BRET-based effector membrane translocation assay monitors GPCR-promoted and endocytosis-mediated G q activation at early endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025846118. [PMID: 33990469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025846118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis and the targets of a large proportion of drugs. In addition to their signaling activity at the plasma membrane, it has been proposed that their actions may result from translocation and activation of G proteins at endomembranes-namely endosomes. This could have a significant impact on our understanding of how signals from GPCR-targeting drugs are propagated within the cell. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive G protein movement and activation in subcellular compartments. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based effector membrane translocation assays, we dissected the mechanisms underlying endosomal Gq trafficking and activity following activation of Gq-coupled receptors, including the angiotensin II type 1, bradykinin B2, oxytocin, thromboxane A2 alpha isoform, and muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptors. Our data reveal that GPCR-promoted activation of Gq at the plasma membrane induces its translocation to endosomes independently of β-arrestin engagement and receptor endocytosis. In contrast, Gq activity at endosomes was found to rely on both receptor endocytosis-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In addition to shedding light on the molecular processes controlling subcellular Gq signaling, our study provides a set of tools that will be generally applicable to the study of G protein translocation and activation at endosomes and other subcellular organelles, as well as the contribution of signal propagation to drug action.
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Pan X, Li C, Gao H. High Glucose Attenuates Cardioprotective Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Through Induction of Mitochondria Dysfunction via Inhibition of β-Arrestin-Signaling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:648399. [PMID: 34054568 PMCID: PMC8155506 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.648399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased vulnerability has been detected after ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes in diabetic patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been proven to have a notable cardioprotective effect in cardiomyocytes. However, in diabetic patients, the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 are compromised, which is called GLP-1 resistance. β-arrestin is one of the two main downstream effectors of GLP-1 and β-arrestin signaling pathway exerts cardioprotective effects upon activation of GLP-1R. Our hypothesis is that the increased vulnerability of cardiomyocytes in diabetic patients is partly due to disruption of the β-arrestin signaling pathway. To test this, we analyzed cardiomyocyte viability and survival in high glucose and normal glucose condition after hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro, additional GLP-1 was used to determine whether β-arrestin signaling pathway was involved. We also investigated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in GLP-1 resistance. Our results showed that cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 were reduced in high glucose cultured H9C2 cells compared to normal glucose cultured H9C2, verifying the existence of GLP-1 resistance in high glucose cultured H9C2 cells. Further study suggested that β-arrestin plays a key role in GLP-1 resistance: β-arrestin expression is notably downregulated in high glucose condition and cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 can be diminished by downregulation of β-arrestin in normal glucose condition while upregulation of β-arrestin can restore cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 in high glucose condition. Then we explore how β-arrestin affects the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 and found that β-arrestin exerts cardioprotective effects by improving mitochondria quality control via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, our study found out a new mechanism of GLP-1 resistance of cardiomyocytes in high glucose conditions that impaired β-arrestin expression, caused mitochondria dysfunction and eventually cell death. Our study provided a new perspective in treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xietian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haokao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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127
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Peng GE, Pessino V, Huang B, von Zastrow M. Spatial decoding of endosomal cAMP signals by a metastable cytoplasmic PKA network. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:558-566. [PMID: 33649598 PMCID: PMC8084946 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor-regulated cAMP production from endosomes can specify signaling to the nucleus by moving the source of cAMP without changing its overall amount. How this is possible remains unknown because cAMP gradients dissipate over the nanoscale, whereas endosomes typically localize micrometers from the nucleus. We show that the key location-dependent step for endosome-encoded transcriptional control is nuclear entry of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunits. These are sourced from punctate accumulations of PKA holoenzyme that are densely distributed in the cytoplasm and titrated by global cAMP into a discrete metastable state, in which catalytic subunits are bound but dynamically exchange. Mobile endosomes containing activated receptors collide with the metastable PKA puncta and pause in close contact. We propose that these properties enable cytoplasmic PKA to act collectively like a semiconductor, converting nanoscale cAMP gradients generated from endosomes into microscale elevations of free catalytic subunits to direct downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Peng
- Program in Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Pessino
- Graduate Program of Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Swab56 Corp. and Neurophotometrics Ltd, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Biology Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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128
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Structural studies of phosphorylation-dependent interactions between the V2R receptor and arrestin-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2396. [PMID: 33888704 PMCID: PMC8062632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins recognize different receptor phosphorylation patterns and convert this information to selective arrestin functions to expand the functional diversity of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamilies. However, the principles governing arrestin-phospho-receptor interactions, as well as the contribution of each single phospho-interaction to selective arrestin structural and functional states, are undefined. Here, we determined the crystal structures of arrestin2 in complex with four different phosphopeptides derived from the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R) C-tail. A comparison of these four crystal structures with previously solved Arrestin2 structures demonstrated that a single phospho-interaction change results in measurable conformational changes at remote sites in the complex. This conformational bias introduced by specific phosphorylation patterns was further inspected by FRET and 1H NMR spectrum analysis facilitated via genetic code expansion. Moreover, an interdependent phospho-binding mechanism of phospho-receptor-arrestin interactions between different phospho-interaction sites was unexpectedly revealed. Taken together, our results provide evidence showing that phospho-interaction changes at different arrestin sites can elicit changes in affinity and structural states at remote sites, which correlate with selective arrestin functions. The interaction between a GPCR, such as the vasopressin receptor-2 (V2R), and arrestin depends on the receptors’ phosphorylation pattern. Here authors use FRET and NMR to analyze the phosphorylation patterns of the V2R-arrestin complex and show that phospho-interactions are the key determinants of selective arrestin conformational states and correlated functions.
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129
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Hilger D. The role of structural dynamics in GPCR‐mediated signaling. FEBS J 2021; 288:2461-2489. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hilger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Philipps‐University Marburg Germany
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130
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Abstract
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein sex hormones regulating development and reproduction and bind to specific G protein–coupled receptors expressed in the gonads. Their effects on multiple signaling cascades and intracellular events have recently been characterized using novel technological and scientific tools. The impact of allosteric modulators on gonadotropin signaling, the role of sugars linked to the hormone backbone, the detection of endosomal compartments supporting signaling modules, and the dissection of different effects mediated by these molecules are areas that have advanced significantly in the last decade. The classic view providing the exclusive activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and the steroidogenic pathway by these hormones has been expanded with the addition of novel signaling cascades as determined by high-resolution imaging techniques. These new findings provided new potential therapeutic applications. Despite these improvements, unanswered issues of gonadotropin physiology, such as the intrinsic pro-apoptotic potential to these hormones, the existence of receptors assembled as heteromers, and their expression in extragonadal tissues, remain to be studied. Elucidating these issues is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
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131
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Pi M, Nishimoto SK, Darryl Quarles L. Explaining Divergent Observations Regarding Osteocalcin/GPRC6A Endocrine Signaling. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6104945. [PMID: 33474566 PMCID: PMC7880225 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new schema proposes that the bone-derived osteocalcin (Ocn) peptide hormone activates the G-protein-coupled receptor GPRC6A to directly regulate glucose and fat metabolism in liver, muscle, and fat, and to stimulate the release of metabolism-regulating hormones, including insulin, fibroblast growth factor 21, glucagon-like peptide 1, testosterone, and interleukin 6. Ocn/GPRC6A activation has also been implicated in cancer progression. GPRC6A is activated by cations, amino acids, and testosterone. The multiligand specificity, the regulation of energy metabolism in diverse tissues, and the coordinated release of metabolically active hormones make the GPRC6A endocrine networks unique. Recently, the significance of Ocn/GPRCA has been questioned. There is a lack of metabolic abnormalities in newly created genetically engineered Ocn- and Gprc6a-deficient mouse models. There are also paradoxical observations that GPRC6A may function as a tumor suppressor. In addition, discordant published studies have cast doubt on the function of the most prevalent uniquely human GPRC6A-KGKY polymorphism. Explanations for these divergent findings are elusive. We provide evidence that the metabolic susceptibility of genetically engineered Ocn- and Gprc6a-deficient mice is influenced by environmental challenges and genetic differences in mouse strains. In addition, the GPRC6A-KGKY polymorphism appears to be a gain-of-function variant. Finally, alternatively spliced isoforms of GPRC6A may alter ligand specificity and signaling that modulate oncogenic effects. Thus, genetic, post-translational and environmental factors likely account for the variable results regarding the functions of GPRC6A in animal models. Pending additional information, GPRC6A should remain a potential therapeutic target for regulating energy and fat metabolism, hormone production, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Satoru Kenneth Nishimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Correspondence: L. Darryl Quarles, MD, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA. . Current Affiliation: 965 Court Ave, Suite B226, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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132
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Mechanistic diversity involved in the desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:342-353. [PMID: 33761113 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which involves rapid loss of responsiveness due to repeated or chronic exposure to agonists, can occur through various mechanisms at different levels of signaling pathways. In this review, the mechanisms of GPCR desensitization are classified according to their occurrence at the receptor level and downstream to the receptor. The desensitization at the receptor level occurs in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, wherein the activated receptors are phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRKs), thereby increasing their affinities for arrestins. Arrestins bind to receptors through the cavity on the cytoplasmic region of heptahelical domains and interfere with the binding and activation of G-protein. Diverse mechanisms are involved in the desensitization that occurs downstream of the receptor. Some of these include the sequestration of G proteins, such as Gq and Gi/o by GRK2/3 and deubiquitinated arrestins, respectively. Mechanistically, GRK2/3 attenuates GPCR signaling by sequestering the Gα subunits of the Gq family and Gβγ via regulators of G protein signaling and pleckstrin homology domains, respectively. Moreover, studies on Gi/o-coupled D2-like receptors have reported that arrestins are deubiquitinated under desensitization condition and form a stable complex with Gβγ, thereby preventing them from coupling with Gα and the receptor, eventually leading to receptor signaling inhibition. Notably, the desensitization mechanism that involves arrestin deubiquitination is interesting; however, this is a new mechanism and needs to be explored further.
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133
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Bondar A, Jang W, Sviridova E, Lambert NA. Components of the G s signaling cascade exhibit distinct changes in mobility and membrane domain localization upon β 2 -adrenergic receptor activation. Traffic 2021; 21:324-332. [PMID: 32096320 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The G protein signaling cascade is a key player in cell signaling. Cascade activation leads to a redistribution of its members in various cellular compartments. These changes are likely related to the "second wave" of signaling from endosomes. Here, we set out to determine whether Gs signaling cascade members expressed at very low levels exhibit altered mobility and localize in clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) or caveolae upon activation by β2 -adrenergic receptors (β2 AR). Activated β2 AR showed decreased mobility and sustained accumulation in CCSs but not in caveolae. Arrestin 3 translocated to the plasma membrane after β2 AR activation and showed very low mobility and pronounced accumulation in CCSs. In contrast, Gαs and Gγ2 exhibited a modest reduction in mobility but no detectable accumulation in or exclusion from CCSs or caveolae. The effector adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) showed a slight mobility increase upon β2 AR stimulation, no redistribution to CCSs, and weak activation-independent accumulation in caveolae. Our findings show an overall decrease in the mobility of most activated Gs signaling cascade members and confirm that β2 AR and arrestin 3 accumulate in CCSs, while Gαs , Gγ2 and AC5 can transiently enter CCSs and caveolae but do not accumulate in and are not excluded from these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bondar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ekaterina Sviridova
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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134
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Aydin Y, Coin I. Biochemical insights into structure and function of arrestins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2529-2549. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Aydin
- Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Leipzig Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Leipzig Germany
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135
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Abreu N, Levitz J. Optogenetic Techniques for Manipulating and Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2173:21-51. [PMID: 32651908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest class of membrane receptors in the mammalian genome with nearly 800 human genes encoding for unique subtypes. Accordingly, GPCR signaling is implicated in nearly all physiological processes. However, GPCRs have been difficult to study due in part to the complexity of their function which can lead to a plethora of converging or diverging downstream effects over different time and length scales. Classic techniques such as pharmacological control, genetic knockout and biochemical assays often lack the precision required to probe the functions of specific GPCR subtypes. Here we describe the rapidly growing set of optogenetic tools, ranging from methods for optical control of the receptor itself to optical sensing and manipulation of downstream effectors. These tools permit the quantitative measurements of GPCRs and their downstream signaling with high specificity and spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohely Abreu
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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136
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Nguyen AH, Lefkowitz RJ. Signaling at the endosome: cryo-EM structure of a GPCR-G protein-beta-arrestin megacomplex. FEBS J 2021; 288:2562-2569. [PMID: 33605032 PMCID: PMC8252779 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of cell‐surface receptor involved in cellular signaling that are currently the target of over one third of all clinically approved therapeutics. Classically, an agonist‐bound, active GPCR couples to and activates G proteins through the receptor intracellular core. To attenuate G protein signaling, the GPCR is phosphorylated at its C‐terminal tail and/or relevant intracellular loops, allowing for the recruitment of β‐arrestins (βarrs). βarrs then couple to the receptor intracellular core in order to mediate receptor desensitization and internalization. However, our laboratory and others have observed that some GPCRs are capable of continuously signaling through G protein even after internalization. This mode of sustained signaling stands in contrast with our previous understanding of GPCR signaling, and its molecular mechanism is still not well understood. Recently, we have solved the structure of a GPCR–G protein–βarr megacomplex by cryo‐electron microscopy. This ‘megaplex’ structure illustrates the independent and simultaneous coupling of a G protein to the receptor intracellular core, and binding of a βarr to a phosphorylated receptor C‐terminal tail, with all three components maintaining their respective canonically active conformations. The structure provides evidence for the ability of a GPCR to activate G protein even while being bound to and internalized by βarr. It also reveals that the binding of G protein and βarr to the same GPCR is not mutually exclusive, and raises a number of future questions to be answered regarding the mechanism of sustained signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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137
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Arcones AC, Vila-Bedmar R, Mirasierra M, Cruces-Sande M, Vallejo M, Jones B, Tomas A, Mayor F, Murga C. GRK2 regulates GLP-1R-mediated early phase insulin secretion in vivo. BMC Biol 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 33658023 PMCID: PMC7931601 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell is finely modulated by different signals to allow an adequate control of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) act as key physiological potentiators of insulin release through binding to the G protein-coupled receptor GLP-1R. Another key regulator of insulin signaling is the Ser/Thr kinase G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). However, whether GRK2 affects insulin secretion or if GRK2 can control incretin actions in vivo remains to be analyzed. RESULTS Using GRK2 hemizygous mice, isolated pancreatic islets, and model β-cell lines, we have uncovered a relevant physiological role for GRK2 as a regulator of incretin-mediated insulin secretion in vivo. Feeding, oral glucose gavage, or administration of GLP-1R agonists in animals with reduced GRK2 levels (GRK2+/- mice) resulted in enhanced early phase insulin release without affecting late phase secretion. In contrast, intraperitoneal glucose-induced insulin release was not affected. This effect was recapitulated in isolated islets and correlated with the increased size or priming efficacy of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of insulin granules that was observed in GRK2+/- mice. Using nanoBRET in β-cell lines, we found that stimulation of GLP-1R promoted GRK2 association to this receptor and that GRK2 protein and kinase activity were required for subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that GRK2 is an important negative modulator of GLP-1R-mediated insulin secretion and that GRK2-interfering strategies may favor β-cell insulin secretion specifically during the early phase, an effect that may carry interesting therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Vila-Bedmar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mirasierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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138
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Brouwers B, de Oliveira EM, Marti-Solano M, Monteiro FBF, Laurin SA, Keogh JM, Henning E, Bounds R, Daly CA, Houston S, Ayinampudi V, Wasiluk N, Clarke D, Plouffe B, Bouvier M, Babu MM, Farooqi IS, Mokrosiński J. Human MC4R variants affect endocytosis, trafficking and dimerization revealing multiple cellular mechanisms involved in weight regulation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108862. [PMID: 33761344 PMCID: PMC7994375 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. We used human MC4R mutations associated with an increased or decreased risk of obesity to dissect mechanisms that regulate MC4R function. Most obesity-associated mutations impair trafficking to the plasma membrane (PM), whereas obesity-protecting mutations either accelerate recycling to the PM or decrease internalization, resulting in enhanced signaling. MC4R mutations that do not affect canonical Gαs protein-mediated signaling, previously considered to be non-pathogenic, nonetheless disrupt agonist-induced internalization, β-arrestin recruitment, and/or coupling to Gαs, establishing their causal role in severe obesity. Structural mapping reveals ligand-accessible sites by which MC4R couples to effectors and residues involved in the homodimerization of MC4R, which is disrupted by multiple obesity-associated mutations. Human genetic studies reveal that endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and homodimerization regulate MC4R function to a level that is physiologically relevant, supporting the development of chaperones, agonists, and allosteric modulators of MC4R for weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Brouwers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Fabiola B F Monteiro
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Suli-Anne Laurin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Bounds
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carole A Daly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shane Houston
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vikram Ayinampudi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natalia Wasiluk
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David Clarke
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Jacek Mokrosiński
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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139
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Smith JS, Pack TF. Noncanonical interactions of G proteins and β‐arrestins: from competitors to companions. FEBS J 2021; 288:2550-2561. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Smith
- Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Dermatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
- Dermatology Program Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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140
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Ehrlich AT, Darcq E. Recent advances in basic science methodology to evaluate opioid safety profiles and to understand opioid activities. Fac Rev 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 33718932 PMCID: PMC7946392 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are powerful drugs used by humans for centuries to relieve pain and are still frequently used as pain treatment in current clinical practice. Medicinal opioids primarily target the mu opioid receptor (MOR), and MOR activation produces unmatched pain-alleviating properties, as well as side effects such as strong rewarding effects, and thus abuse potential, and respiratory depression contributing to death during overdose. Therefore, the ultimate goal is to create opioid pain-relievers with reduced respiratory depression and thus fewer chances of lethality. Efforts are also underway to reduce the euphoric effects of opioids and avoid abuse liability. In this review, recent advances in basic science methodology used to understand MOR pharmacology and activities will be summarized. The focus of the review will be to describe current technological advances that enable the study of opioid analgesics from subcellular mechanisms to mesoscale network responses. These advances in understanding MOR physiological responses will help to improve knowledge and future design of opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza T Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- INSERM U1114, UNISTRA University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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141
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von Zastrow M, Sorkin A. Mechanisms for Regulating and Organizing Receptor Signaling by Endocytosis. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:709-737. [PMID: 33606955 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081820-092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intricate relationships between endocytosis and cellular signaling, first recognized nearly 40 years ago through the study of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, are now known to exist for multiple receptor classes and to affect myriad physiological and developmental processes. This review summarizes our present understanding of how endocytosis orchestrates cellular signaling networks, with an emphasis on mechanistic underpinnings and focusing on two receptor classes-tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors-that have been investigated in particular detail. Together, these examples provide a useful survey of the current consensus, uncertainties, and controversies in this rapidly advancing area of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
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142
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Tschaikner PM, Regele D, Röck R, Salvenmoser W, Meyer D, Bouvier M, Geley S, Stefan E, Aanstad P. Feedback control of the Gpr161-G αs-PKA axis contributes to basal Hedgehog repression in zebrafish. Development 2021; 148:dev.192443. [PMID: 33531430 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) ligands act as morphogens to direct patterning and proliferation during embryonic development. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a central negative regulator of Hh signalling, and in the absence of Hh ligands, PKA activity prevents inappropriate expression of Hh target genes. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 contributes to the basal Hh repression machinery by activating PKA. Gpr161 acts as an A-kinase-anchoring protein, and is itself phosphorylated by PKA, but the functional significance of PKA phosphorylation of Gpr161 in the context of Hh signalling remains unknown. Here, we show that loss of Gpr161 in zebrafish leads to constitutive activation of medium and low, but not maximal, levels of Hh target gene expression. Furthermore, we find that PKA phosphorylation-deficient forms of Gpr161, which we show directly couple to Gαs, display an increased sensitivity to Shh, resulting in excess high-level Hh signalling. Our results suggest that PKA feedback-mediated phosphorylation of Gpr161 may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning Gpr161 ciliary localisation and PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Tschaikner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.,Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Dominik Regele
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ruth Röck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Pia Aanstad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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143
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Manchanda Y, Bitsi S, Kang Y, Jones B, Tomas A. Spatiotemporal control of GLP-1 receptor activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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144
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Smith JS, Pack TF, Inoue A, Lee C, Zheng K, Choi I, Eiger DS, Warman A, Xiong X, Ma Z, Viswanathan G, Levitan IM, Rochelle LK, Staus DP, Snyder JC, Kahsai AW, Caron MG, Rajagopal S. Noncanonical scaffolding of G αi and β-arrestin by G protein-coupled receptors. Science 2021; 371:science.aay1833. [PMID: 33479120 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are common drug targets and canonically couple to specific Gα protein subtypes and β-arrestin adaptor proteins. G protein-mediated signaling and β-arrestin-mediated signaling have been considered separable. We show here that GPCRs promote a direct interaction between Gαi protein subtype family members and β-arrestins regardless of their canonical Gα protein subtype coupling. Gαi:β-arrestin complexes bound extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and their disruption impaired both ERK activation and cell migration, which is consistent with β-arrestins requiring a functional interaction with Gαi for certain signaling events. These results introduce a GPCR signaling mechanism distinct from canonical G protein activation in which GPCRs cause the formation of Gαi:β-arrestin signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas F Pack
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Claudia Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dylan S Eiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anmol Warman
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ian M Levitan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren K Rochelle
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dean P Staus
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua C Snyder
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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145
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Patwardhan A, Cheng N, Trejo J. Post-Translational Modifications of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Control Cellular Signaling Dynamics in Space and Time. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:120-151. [PMID: 33268549 PMCID: PMC7736832 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family comprising >800 signaling receptors that regulate numerous cellular and physiologic responses. GPCRs have been implicated in numerous diseases and represent the largest class of drug targets. Although advances in GPCR structure and pharmacology have improved drug discovery, the regulation of GPCR function by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) has received minimal attention. Over 200 PTMs are known to exist in mammalian cells, yet only a few have been reported for GPCRs. Early studies revealed phosphorylation as a major regulator of GPCR signaling, whereas later reports implicated a function for ubiquitination, glycosylation, and palmitoylation in GPCR biology. Although our knowledge of GPCR phosphorylation is extensive, our knowledge of the modifying enzymes, regulation, and function of other GPCR PTMs is limited. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR post-translational modifications with a greater focus on new discoveries. We discuss the subcellular location and regulatory mechanisms that control post-translational modifications of GPCRs. The functional implications of newly discovered GPCR PTMs on receptor folding, biosynthesis, endocytic trafficking, dimerization, compartmentalized signaling, and biased signaling are also provided. Methods to detect and study GPCR PTMs as well as PTM crosstalk are further highlighted. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of GPCR PTMs in human disease and their importance for drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Post-translational modification of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls all aspects of receptor function; however, the detection and study of diverse types of GPCR modifications are limited. A thorough understanding of the role and mechanisms by which diverse post-translational modifications regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking is essential for understanding dysregulated mechanisms in disease and for improving and refining drug development for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Norton Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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146
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Yang LK, Hou ZS, Tao YX. Biased signaling in naturally occurring mutations of G protein-coupled receptors associated with diverse human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:165973. [PMID: 32949766 PMCID: PMC7722056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in transmitting a variety of extracellular signals into the cells and regulate diverse physiological functions. Naturally occurring mutations that result in dysfunctions of GPCRs have been known as the causes of numerous diseases. Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations. The multiple intracellular signaling pathways, such as G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling, in conjunction with recent advances on biased agonism, have broadened the view on the molecular mechanism of disease pathogenesis. This review aims to briefly discuss biased agonism of GPCRs (biased ligands and biased receptors), summarize the naturally occurring GPCR mutations that cause biased signaling, and propose the potential pathophysiological relevance of biased mutant GPCRs associated with various endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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147
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Oliveira de Souza C, Sun X, Oh D. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:715877. [PMID: 34497585 PMCID: PMC8419444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.715877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.
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148
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Jiang Y, Lim J, Wu KC, Xu W, Suen JY, Fairlie DP. PAR2 induces ovarian cancer cell motility by merging three signalling pathways to transactivate EGFR. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:913-932. [PMID: 33226635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Specific cellular functions mediated by GPCRs are often associated with signalling through a particular G protein or β-arrestin. Here, we examine signalling through a GPCR, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), in a high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line (OV90). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human ovarian cancer tissues (n = 1,200) and nine human ovarian cancer cell lines were assessed for PAR2 expression. PAR2 signalling mechanisms leading to cell migration and invasion were dissected using cellular assays, western blots, CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts, pharmacological inhibitors of PAR2 and downstream signalling proteins in OV90 cancer cells. KEY RESULTS PAR2 was significantly overexpressed in clinical ovarian cancer tissues and in OV90 ovarian cancer cells. PAR2 agonists, an endogenous protease (trypsin) and a synthetic peptide (2f-LIGRL-NH2 ), induced migration and invasion of OV90 ovarian cancer cells through activating a combination of Gαq/11 , Gα12/13 and β-arrestin1/2, but not Gαs or Gαi . This novel cooperative rather than parallel signalling resulted in downstream serial activation of Src kinases, then transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), followed by downstream MEK-ERK1/2-FOS/MYC/STAT3-COX2 signalling. Either a PAR2 antagonist (I-191), CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts (PAR2 or Gα proteins or β-arrestin1/2), or inhibitors of each downstream protein attenuated human ovarian cancer cell motility. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study highlights a novel shared signalling cascade, requiring each of Gαq/11 , Gα12/13 and β-arrestin1/2 for PAR2-induced ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. This mechanism controlling a cellular function is unusual in not being linked to a specific individual G protein or β-arrestin-mediated signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kai-Chen Wu
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weijun Xu
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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149
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Bondar A, Lazar J. Optical sensors of heterotrimeric G protein signaling. FEBS J 2020; 288:2570-2584. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bondar
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Nove Hrady Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Josef Lazar
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Nove Hrady Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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150
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Bele S, Girada SB, Ray A, Gupta A, Oruganti S, Prakash Babu P, Rayalla RSR, Kalivendi SV, Ibrahim A, Puri V, Adalla V, Katika MR, DiMarchi R, Mitra P. MS-275, a class 1 histone deacetylase inhibitor augments glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism to improve glycemic control and reduce obesity in diet-induced obese mice. eLife 2020; 9:e52212. [PMID: 33349332 PMCID: PMC7755393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and a chronic administration causes a reduction of obesity in DIO mice. Overall, our results emphasize the therapeutic potential of MS-275 as an adjunct to GLP-1R therapy in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpak Bele
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Shravan Babu Girada
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | - Aramita Ray
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio UniversityAthensUnited States
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | | | | | | | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Division of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition HyderabadHyderabadIndia
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio UniversityAthensUnited States
| | - Venkateswar Adalla
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonAustralia
| | - Madhumohan R Katika
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department, Nizam’s Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
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