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Mao M, Xue Y, He Y, Zhou X, Rafique F, Hu H, Liu J, Feng L, Yang W, Li X, Sun L, Huang Z, Ma J. Systematic identification and comparative analysis of lysine succinylation between the green and white parts of chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:383. [PMID: 32493214 PMCID: PMC7268518 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine succinylation, an important protein posttranslational modification (PTM), is widespread and conservative. The regulatory functions of succinylation in leaf color has been reported. The chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus are composed of normal green parts and albino white parts. However, the extent and function of lysine succinylation in chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus has yet to be investigated. Results Compared to the green (Gr) parts, the global succinylation level was increased in the white (Wh) parts of chimeric leaves according to the Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, we quantitated the change in the succinylation profiles between the Wh and Gr parts of chimeric leaves using label-free LFQ intensity. In total, 855 succinylated sites in 335 proteins were identified, and 593 succinylated sites in 237 proteins were quantified. Compared to the Gr parts, 232 (61.1%) sites in 128 proteins were quantified as upregulated targets, and 148 (38.9%) sites in 70 proteins were quantified as downregulated targets in the Wh parts of chimeric leaves using a 1.5-fold threshold (P < 0.05). These proteins with altered succinylation level were mainly involved in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, photorespiration, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (CAC) and pyruvate metabolism. Conclusions Our results suggested that the changed succinylation level in proteins might function in the main energy metabolism pathways—photosynthesis and respiration. Succinylation might provide a significant effect in the growth of chimeric leaves and the relationship between the Wh and Gr parts of chimeric leaves. This study not only provided a basis for further characterization on the function of succinylated proteins in chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus but also provided a new insight into molecular breeding for leaf color chimera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbin Xue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yehua He
- Horticultural Biotechnology College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuzixing Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fatima Rafique
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang T, Ma M, Chen T, Zhang L, Fan L, Zhang W, Wei B, Li S, Xuan W, Noctor G, Han Y. Glutathione-dependent denitrosation of GSNOR1 promotes oxidative signalling downstream of H 2 O 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1175-1191. [PMID: 31990075 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) plays key roles in pathogenesis responses by triggering the salicylic acid (SA) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, factors linking intracellular H2 O2 to activation of the SA pathway remain elusive. In this work, the catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, was exploited to elucidate the impact of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) on H2 O2 -dependent signalling pathways. Introducing the gsnor1-3 mutation into the cat2 background increased S-nitrosothiol levels and abolished cat2-triggered cell death, SA accumulation, and associated gene expression but had little additional effect on the major components of the ascorbate-glutathione system or glycolate oxidase activities. Differential transcriptome profiles between gsnor1-3 and cat2 gsnor1-3 together with damped ROS-triggered gene expression in cat2 gsnor1-3 further indicated that GSNOR1 acts to mediate the SA pathway downstream of H2 O2 . Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Experiments with purified recombinant GSNOR revealed that the enzyme is posttranslationally regulated by direct denitrosation in a glutathione-dependent manner. Together, our findings identify GSNOR1-controlled nitrosation as a key factor in activation of the SA pathway by H2 O2 and reveal that glutathione is required to maintain this biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université Evry, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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Li X, Cheng X, Liao B, Xu J, Han X, Zhang J, Lin Z, Hu L. Spatial protein expression of Panax ginseng by in-depth proteomic analysis for ginsenoside biosynthesis and transportation. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:58-65. [PMID: 33437157 PMCID: PMC7790901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianhui Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Han
- Jilin Zixin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Nanjing Novogene Bio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Nanjing Novogene Bio Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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105
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Wei Y, Liu W, Hu W, Yan Y, Shi H. The chaperone MeHSP90 recruits MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 to regulate drought stress resistance in cassava. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:476-491. [PMID: 31782811 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) is widely involved in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. However, the molecular chaperone HSP90-constructed protein complex and its function in cassava remain elusive. In this study, we report that HSP90 is essential for drought stress resistance in cassava by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) using two specific protein inhibitors of HSP90 (geldanamycin (GDA) and radicicol (RAD)). Among 10 MeHSP90s, the transcript of MeHSP90.9 is largely induced during drought stress. Further investigation identifies MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 as MeHSP90.9-interacting proteins. MeHSP90.9-, MeWRKY20-, or MeCatalase1-silenced plants through virus-induced gene silencing display drought sensitivity in cassava, indicating that they are important to drought stress response. MeHSP90.9 can promote the direct transcriptional activation of MeWRKY20 on the W-box element of MeNCED5 promoter, encoding a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. Moreover, MeHSP90.9 positively regulates the activity of MeCatalase1, and MeHSP90.9-silenced cassava leaves accumulate more H2 O2 under drought stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that the MeHSP90.9 chaperone complex is a regulator of drought stress resistance in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/ Biotechnology Research Center, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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Li Y, Qiu L, Zhang Q, Zhuansun X, Li H, Chen X, Krugman T, Sun Q, Xie C. Exogenous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, a Jasmonic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, induced resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00212. [PMID: 32285024 PMCID: PMC7146025 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important plant hormone associated with plant-pathogen defense. To study the role of JA in plant-fungal interactions, we applied a JA biosynthesis inhibitor, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA), on wheat leaves. Our results showed that application of 10 mM DIECA 0-2 days before inoculation effectively induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat. Transcriptome analysis identified 364 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DIECA-treated leaves compared with water-treated leaves. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important GO terms and pathways, in particular, response to growth hormones, activity of glutathione metabolism (e.g., glutathione transferase activity), oxalate oxidase, and chitinase activity. Gene annotaion revealed that some pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as PR1.1, PR1, PR10, PR4a, Chitinase 8, beta-1,3-glucanase, RPM1, RGA2, and HSP70, were induced by DIECA treatment. DIECA reduced JA and auxin (IAA) levels, while increased brassinosteroid, glutathione, and ROS lesions in wheat leaves, which corroborated with the transcriptional changes. Our results suggest that DIECA can be applied to increase plant immunity and reduce the severity of Bgt disease in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of EvolutionUniversity of Haifa, Mt. CarmelHaifaIsrael
| | - Lina Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangxi Zhuansun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of EvolutionUniversity of Haifa, Mt. CarmelHaifaIsrael
| | - Qixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Wang X, Ding T, Li Y, Guo Y, Li Y, Duan T. Dual inoculation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Funnelliformis mosseae and Sinorhizobium medicae can reduce Fusarium wilt. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:665-679. [PMID: 32215998 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funnelliformis mosseae and the rhizobium Sinorhizobium medicae on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, a severe soil-borne fungal pathogen. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of co-inoculation of F. mosseae and S. medicae on alfalfa growth, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and wilt caused by F. oxysporum were tested. Plant defence-related chemicals were measured to reveal the biochemical mechanism by which alfalfa responds to pathogen infection and how it is regulated by AMF and rhizobium. Pathogen infection caused typical yellowing of alfalfa leaflets and significantly reduced plant AMF colonization. AMF or rhizobium alone and the co-inoculation reduced the plant disease index by 83·2, 48·4 and 81·8% respectively. Inoculation with AMF or rhizobium alone increased the dry weight of alfalfa by more than 13 and 3 times respectively; it also increased plant chlorophyll content by 65·6 and 16·6% respectively. Co-inoculation of AMF and rhizobium induced the plant to accumulate more disease-related antioxidant enzymes, plant hydrolase and plant hormones, such as superoxide dismutase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonialyase, abscisic acid, ethylene and H2 O2 , under pathogen stress. CONCLUSIONS Co-inoculation with F. mosseae and S. medicae offered complementarily improved alfalfa nutrient uptake and growth, which increased plant health. The co-inoculation of AMF and rhizobium regulated plant physiological and biochemical processes and induced plants to produce defence-related compounds, thus decreasing the severity of disease. The simultaneous application of F. mosseae and S. medicae is a potential biocontrol strategy to increase the systemic defence responses of alfalfa to Fusarium wilt. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research showed that complex plant-pathogen interactions are affected by rhizobium and AMF, providing insight into plant-microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere as well as the application of the microbiome in agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - T Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Y Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - T Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Jasso-Robles FI, Gonzalez ME, Pieckenstain FL, Ramírez-García JM, Guerrero-González MDLL, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Rodríguez-Kessler M. Decrease of Arabidopsis PAO activity entails increased RBOH activity, ROS content and altered responses to Pseudomonas. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110372. [PMID: 32005378 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are small aliphatic amines with important regulatory activities in plants. Biotic stress results in changes in PA levels due to de novo synthesis and PA oxidation. In Arabidopsis thaliana five FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase enzymes (AtPAO1-5) participate in PA back-conversion and degradation. PAO activity generates H2O2, an important molecule involved in cell signaling, elongation, programmed cell death, and defense responses. In this work we analyzed the role of AtPAO genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem. AtPAO1 and AtPAO2 genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in infected plants. Atpao1-1 and Atpao2-1 single mutant lines displayed altered responses to Pseudomonas, and an increased susceptibility was found in the double mutant Atpao1-1 x Atpao2-1. These polyamine oxidases mutant lines showed disturbed contents of ROS (H2O2 and O2-) and altered activities of RBOH, CAT and SOD enzymes both in infected and control plants. In addition, changes in the expression levels of AtRBOHD, AtRBOHF, AtPRX33, and AtPRX34 genes were also noticed. Our data indicate an important role for polyamine oxidases in plant defense and ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ignacio Jasso-Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - María Elisa Gonzalez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, 7130, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Luis Pieckenstain
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, 7130, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - José Miguel Ramírez-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - María de la Luz Guerrero-González
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Carretera San Luis-Matehuala Km 14.5, Ejido Palma de la Cruz, 78321, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Lomas 4ª Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang X, Qin N, Xu K, Yin W, Zheng Y, Song Y, Zeng R, Liu J. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Promotes Oxidative Burst, Stomatal Closure and Plant Immunity in Bacterial Invasion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1740. [PMID: 32117334 PMCID: PMC7025545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. This study showed that PI3K enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Overexpression of AtVPS34 promoted stomatal closure while PI3K inhibitors blocked that after spray inoculation. Additionally, gene expression of AtVPS34 was increased upon infection by Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), and SA upregulated AtVPS34 gene expression in this process. Furthermore, overexpression of AtVPS34 enhanced PR gene expression after syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), while PI3K inhibitors inhibited that. The production of hydrogen peroxide and the expression of gene encoding antioxidant enzyme were both enhanced in AtVPS34 overexpressing lines after spray inoculation or syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiyong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ningning Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Tan S, Abas M, Verstraeten I, Glanc M, Molnár G, Hajný J, Lasák P, Petřík I, Russinova E, Petrášek J, Novák O, Pospíšil J, Friml J. Salicylic Acid Targets Protein Phosphatase 2A to Attenuate Growth in Plants. Curr Biol 2020; 30:381-395.e8. [PMID: 31956021 PMCID: PMC6997888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants, like other multicellular organisms, survive through a delicate balance between growth and defense against pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense signal in plants, and the perception mechanism as well as downstream signaling activating the immune response are known. Here, we identify a parallel SA signaling that mediates growth attenuation. SA directly binds to A subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inhibiting activity of this complex. Among PP2A targets, the PIN2 auxin transporter is hyperphosphorylated in response to SA, leading to changed activity of this important growth regulator. Accordingly, auxin transport and auxin-mediated root development, including growth, gravitropic response, and lateral root organogenesis, are inhibited. This study reveals how SA, besides activating immunity, concomitantly attenuates growth through crosstalk with the auxin distribution network. Further analysis of this dual role of SA and characterization of additional SA-regulated PP2A targets will provide further insights into mechanisms maintaining a balance between growth and defense. SA modulates root development independently of NPR1-mediated canonical signaling SA attenuates growth through crosstalk with the auxin transport network SA upregulates the phosphorylation status of PIN auxin efflux carriers through PP2A SA directly targets A subunits of PP2A, inhibiting the activity of the complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Melinda Abas
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matouš Glanc
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Gergely Molnár
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Hajný
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lasák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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111
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A combined transcriptional, biochemical and histopathological study unravels the complexity of Alternaria resistance and susceptibility in Brassica coenospecies. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:44-53. [PMID: 31892376 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria blight is one of the most devastating diseases of rapeseed-mustard caused by a necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicae. Lack of satisfactory resistance resource in Brassica is still a main obstruction for developing resistance against Alternaria. In this study, we have selected Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba and Camelina sativa to understand and unravel the mechanism of disease resistance against Alternaria. Histopathological studies showed early onset of necrosis in B. juncea (1 dpi) and delayed in S. alba (2 dpi) and C. sativa (3 dpi) respectively. Early and enhanced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed in C. sativa and S. alba (6 hpi) when compared to B. juncea (12 hpi). An increase in catalase activity was observed in both C. sativa (36 % at 6 hpi) and S. alba (15 % at 12 hpi), whereas it significantly decreased in B. juncea at 6 hpi (23 %), 12 hpi (30 %) and 24 hpi (8 %). Gene expression analysis showed induction of PR-3 and PR-12 genes only in C. sativa and S. alba when compared to B. juncea suggesting their vital role for Alternaria resistance. In contrast, SA marker genes were significantly expressed in B. juncea only which provides evidence of hormonal cross talk in B. juncea during Alternaria infection thereby increasing its susceptibility.
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112
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Wei B, Willems P, Huang J, Tian C, Yang J, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. Identification of Sulfenylated Cysteines in Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins Using a Disulfide-Linked Peptide Reporter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:777. [PMID: 32714340 PMCID: PMC7343964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In proteins, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reacts with redox-sensitive cysteines to form cysteine sulfenic acid, also known as S-sulfenylation. These cysteine oxidation events can steer diverse cellular processes by altering protein interactions, trafficking, conformation, and function. Previously, we had identified S-sulfenylated proteins by using a tagged proteinaceous probe based on the yeast AP-1-like (Yap1) transcription factor that specifically reacts with sulfenic acids and traps them through a mixed disulfide bond. However, the identity of the S-sulfenylated amino acid residues within a protein remained enigmatic. By using the same transgenic YAP1C probe, we present here a technological advancement to identify in situ sulfenylated cysteine sites in Arabidopsis thaliana cells under control condition and oxidative stress. Briefly, the total extract of transgenic YAP1C A. thaliana cells was initially purified on IgG-Sepharose beads, followed by a tryptic digest. Then, the mixed disulfide-linked peptides were further enriched at the peptide level on an anti-YAP1C-derived peptide (C598SEIWDR) antibody. Subsequent mass spectrometry analysis with pLink 2 identified 1,745 YAP1C cross-linked peptides, indicating sulfenylated cysteines in over 1,000 proteins. Approximately 55% of these YAP1C-linked cysteines had previously been reported as redox-sensitive cysteines (S-sulfenylation, S-nitrosylation, and reversibly oxidized cysteines). The presented methodology provides a noninvasive approach to identify sulfenylated cysteines in any species that can be genetically modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Joris Messens,
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Frank Van Breusegem, ;
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113
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Lin W, Huang D, Shi X, Deng B, Ren Y, Lin W, Miao Y. H 2O 2 as a Feedback Signal on Dual-Located WHIRLY1 Associates with Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121585. [PMID: 31817716 PMCID: PMC6952816 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence, either as a natural stage of development or as an induced process under stress conditions, incorporates multiple intricate signaling pathways. At the cellular level, retrograde signals have been considered as important players during the initiation and progression of senescence in both animals and plants. The plant-specific single-strand DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1 (WHY1), a repressor of leaf natural senescence, is dually located in both nucleus and plastids. Despite many years of studies, the myth about its dual location and the underlying functional implications remain elusive. Here, we provide further evidence in Arabidopsis showing that alteration in WHY1 allocation between the nucleus and chloroplast causes perturbation in H2O2 homeostasis, resulting in adverse plant senescence phenotypes. The knockout of WHY1 increased H2O2 content at 37 days post-germination, coincident with an early leaf senescence phenotype, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of the nuclear isoform (nWHY1), but not by the plastid isoform (pWHY1). Instead, accumulated pWHY1 greatly provoked H2O2 in cells. On the other hand, exogenous H2O2 treatment induced a substantial plastid accumulation of WHY1 proteins and at the same time reduced the nuclear isoforms. This H2O2-induced loss of nucleus WHY1 isoform was accompanied by enhanced enrichments of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) globally, and specifically at the promoter of the senescence-related transcription factor WRKY53, which in turn activated WRKY53 transcription and led to a senescence phenotype. Thus, the distribution of WHY1 organelle isoforms and the feedback of H2O2 intervene in a circularly integrated regulatory network during plant senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Miao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0591-86392987
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114
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Chen S, Lu X, Ge L, Sun X, Xin Z. Wound- and pathogen-activated de novo JA synthesis using different ACX isozymes in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 243:153047. [PMID: 31639538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX; EC 1.3.3.6) plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes. We previously identified an herbivore-induced gene CsACX1 in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and showed CsACX1 was involved in the wound-induced synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). Here, another ACX gene CsACX3 was isolated from tea plant. CsACX3 was predicted to consist of 684 amino acid residues. CsACX3 can be induced by mechanical wounding, JA application, and infestation by the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua Prout and the tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. These expression patterns are consistent with the previously reported expression pattern of CsACX1 under such treatments. Recombinant CsACX3 showed preference for medium-chain acyl-coA oxidase substrates (C8- to C14-CoA). CsACX3 expression could also be induced by the infection of a pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cgl), and the increased ACX activities in tea plants were correlated with the Cgl-induced CsACX3 expression. Cgl could not induce the expression of CsACX1, which showed preference for C12- to C16-CoA substrates. The constitutive expression of CsACX3 rescued wound-induced JA biosynthesis and enhanced the Cgl-induced JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis mutant atacx1. However, constitutive expression of CsACX1 could not enhance the Cgl-induced JA biosynthesis in atacx1 plant. These results indicate that CsACX1 and CsACX3 functions overlap and have distinct roles in the wound- and pathogen-activated de novo JA synthesis via enzymatic routes that utilize different ACX isozymes in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lingang Ge
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Zhaojun Xin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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115
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Camejo D, Guzmán-Cedeño A, Vera-Macias L, Jiménez A. Oxidative post-translational modifications controlling plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:110-117. [PMID: 31563091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition is linked to the perception of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering a specific and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pathogen attack site. The apoplastic oxidative "burst" generated at the pathogen attack site depends on the ROS-generator systems including enzymes such as plasma membrane NADP (H) oxidases, cell wall peroxidases and lipoxygenase. ROS are cytotoxic molecules that inhibit invading pathogens or signalling molecules that control the local and systemic induction of defence genes. Post-translational modifications induced by ROS are considered as a potential signalling mechanism that can modify protein structure and/or function, localisation and cellular stability. Thus, this review focuses on how ROS are essential molecules regulating the function of proteins involved in the plant response to a pathogen attack through post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Guzmán-Cedeño
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador; University, School of Agriculture and Livestock, ULEAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - L Vera-Macias
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
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116
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Mining for protein S-sulfenylation in Arabidopsis uncovers redox-sensitive sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21256-21261. [PMID: 31578252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906768116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important messenger molecule for diverse cellular processes. H2O2 oxidizes proteinaceous cysteinyl thiols to sulfenic acid, also known as S-sulfenylation, thereby affecting the protein conformation and functionality. Although many proteins have been identified as S-sulfenylation targets in plants, site-specific mapping and quantification remain largely unexplored. By means of a peptide-centric chemoproteomics approach, we mapped 1,537 S-sulfenylated sites on more than 1,000 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Proteins involved in RNA homeostasis and metabolism were identified as hotspots for S-sulfenylation. Moreover, S-sulfenylation frequently occurred on cysteines located at catalytic sites of enzymes or on cysteines involved in metal binding, hinting at a direct mode of action for redox regulation. Comparison of human and Arabidopsis S-sulfenylation datasets provided 155 conserved S-sulfenylated cysteines, including Cys181 of the Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE4 (AtMAPK4) that corresponds to Cys161 in the human MAPK1, which has been identified previously as being S-sulfenylated. We show that, by replacing Cys181 of recombinant AtMAPK4 by a redox-insensitive serine residue, the kinase activity decreased, indicating the importance of this noncatalytic cysteine for the kinase mechanism. Altogether, we quantitatively mapped the S-sulfenylated cysteines in Arabidopsis cells under H2O2 stress and thereby generated a comprehensive view on the S-sulfenylation landscape that will facilitate downstream plant redox studies.
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117
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Sandalio LM, Gotor C, Romero LC, Romero-Puertas MC. Multilevel Regulation of Peroxisomal Proteome by Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4881. [PMID: 31581473 PMCID: PMC6801620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes, which are ubiquitous organelles in all eukaryotes, are highly dynamic organelles that are essential for development and stress responses. Plant peroxisomes are involved in major metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid β-oxidation, photorespiration, ureide and polyamine metabolism, in the biosynthesis of jasmonic, indolacetic, and salicylic acid hormones, as well as in signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Peroxisomes are involved in the perception of environmental changes, which is a complex process involving the regulation of gene expression and protein functionality by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). Although there has been a growing interest in individual PTMs in peroxisomes over the last ten years, their role and cross-talk in the whole peroxisomal proteome remain unclear. This review provides up-to-date information on the function and crosstalk of the main peroxisomal PTMs. Analysis of whole peroxisomal proteomes shows that a very large number of peroxisomal proteins are targeted by multiple PTMs, which affect redox balance, photorespiration, the glyoxylate cycle, and lipid metabolism. This multilevel PTM regulation could boost the plasticity of peroxisomes and their capacity to regulate metabolism in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC and the University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Luis C Romero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC and the University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Maria C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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118
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Ruelland E. Salicylic Acid Binding Proteins (SABPs): The Hidden Forefront of Salicylic Acid Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4377. [PMID: 31489905 PMCID: PMC6769663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in many aspects of plant life, notably in plant defenses against pathogens. Key mechanisms of SA signal transduction pathways have now been uncovered. Even though details are still missing, we understand how SA production is regulated and which molecular machinery is implicated in the control of downstream transcriptional responses. The NPR1 pathway has been described to play the main role in SA transduction. However, the mode of SA perception is unclear. NPR1 protein has been shown to bind SA. Nevertheless, NPR1 action requires upstream regulatory events (such as a change in cell redox status). Besides, a number of SA-induced responses are independent from NPR1. This shows that there is more than one way for plants to perceive SA. Indeed, multiple SA-binding proteins of contrasting structures and functions have now been identified. Yet, all of these proteins can be considered as candidate SA receptors and might have a role in multinodal (decentralized) SA input. This phenomenon is unprecedented for other plant hormones and is a point of discussion of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France.
- CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, UMR 7618, 94010 Créteil, France.
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119
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Wolinska KW, Berens ML. Optimal Defense Theory 2.0: tissue-specific stress defense prioritization as an extra layer of complexity. Commun Integr Biol 2019; 12:91-95. [PMID: 31308873 PMCID: PMC6615527 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2019.1625661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants need to be able to quickly adapt to changing environments during their lifetime in order to maintain fitness. Different defense responses are not only costly, but often also antagonistic to one another. Hence, when faced with multiple stresses simultaneously, plants likely have to prioritize their defense responses. This type of crosstalk between different stress response pathways is suggested to balance the high costs of triggering and maintaining stress responses with the limited amount of resources available to a plant. This assumption is in accordance with the optimal defense theory (ODT), which states that living organisms put more resources into protection of the most valuable tissues, but does not explain how plants survive combined stress conditions in nature. In this review, we describe recent evidence that expands on the framework of the ODT by suggesting that under combined stress plants spatially separate contrasting stress responses, rather than protecting the most valuable tissues to simultaneously protect themselves from contrasting stressors. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding plant responses to combined stresses and suggest potentially fruitful avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wiktoria Wolinska
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Leonhard Berens
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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120
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Cao N, Zhan B, Zhou X. Nitric Oxide as a Downstream Signaling Molecule in Brassinosteroid-Mediated Virus Susceptibility to Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Maize. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040368. [PMID: 31013593 PMCID: PMC6521138 DOI: 10.3390/v11040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) infection causes growth abnormalities in maize. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to compare the global gene expression of MCMV-inoculated plants with that of mock-inoculated plants. Data analyses showed that brassinosteroid (BR)-associated genes were upregulated after MCMV infection. Exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (BL) or brassinazole (BRZ) applications indicated that BR pathway was involved in the susceptibility to MCMV infection. In addition, treatment of BL on maize induced the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), and the changes of NO content played positive roles in the disease incidence of MCMV. Moreover, MCMV infection was delayed when the BL-treated plants were applied with NO scavenger, which suggested that BR induced the susceptibility of maize to MCMV infection in a NO-dependent manner. Further investigation showed the maize plants with knock-down of DWARF4 (ZmDWF4, a key gene of BR synthesis) and nitrate reductase (ZmNR, a key gene of NO synthesis) by virus-induced gene silencing displayed higher resistance to MCMV than control plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BR pathway promotes the susceptibility of maize to MCMV in a NO-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Binhui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang RX, Ge S, He J, Li S, Hao Y, Du H, Liu Z, Cheng R, Feng YQ, Xiong L, Li C, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. BIG regulates stomatal immunity and jasmonate production in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:335-348. [PMID: 30372534 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an array of responses that provide them with protection from attack by microorganisms and other predators. Many of these mechanisms depend upon interactions between the plant hormones jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET). However, the molecular basis of these interactions is insufficiently understood. Gene expression and physiological assays with mutants were performed to investigate the role of Arabidopsis BIG gene in stress responses. BIG transcription is downregulated by methyl JA (MeJA), necrotrophic infection or mechanical injury. BIG deficiency promotes JA-dependent gene induction, increases JA production but restricts the accumulation of both ET and salicylic acid. JA-induced anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation are enhanced and stomatal immunity is impaired by BIG disruption. Bacteria- and lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced stomatal closure is reduced in BIG gene mutants, which are hyper-susceptible to microbial pathogens with different lifestyles, but these mutants are less attractive to phytophagous insects. Our results indicate that BIG negatively and positively regulate the MYC2 and ERF1 arms of the JA signalling pathway. BIG warrants recognition as a new and distinct regulator that regulates JA responses, the synergistic interactions of JA and ET, and other hormonal interactions that reconcile the growth and defense dilemma in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengchao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuangchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant, Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant, Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Dang F, Lin J, Chen Y, Li GX, Guan D, Zheng SJ, He S. A feedback loop between CaWRKY41 and H2O2 coordinates the response to Ralstonia solanacearum and excess cadmium in pepper. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1581-1595. [PMID: 30649526 PMCID: PMC6416791 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in both plant immunity and plant responses to cadmium (Cd); however, the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between these processes is unclear. Here, we characterized the roles of CaWRKY41, a group III WRKY transcription factor, in immunity against the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and Cd stress responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CaWRKY41 was transcriptionally up-regulated in response to Cd exposure, R. solanacearum inoculation, and H2O2 treatment. Virus-induced silencing of CaWRKY41 increased Cd tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility, while heterologous overexpression of CaWRKY41 in Arabidopsis impaired Cd tolerance, and enhanced Cd and zinc (Zn) uptake and H2O2 accumulation. Genes encoding reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were down-regulated in CaWRKY41-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, whereas genes encoding Zn transporters and enzymes involved in H2O2 production were up-regulated. Consistent with these findings, the ocp3 (overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3) mutant, which has elevated H2O2 levels, displayed enhanced sensitivity to Cd stress. These results suggest that a positive feedback loop between H2O2 accumulation and CaWRKY41 up-regulation coordinates the responses of pepper to R. solanacearum inoculation and Cd exposure. This mechanism might reduce Cd tolerance by increasing Cd uptake via Zn transporters, while enhancing resistance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Correspondence: or
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123
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NPR1 and Redox Rhythmx: Connections, between Circadian Clock and Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051211. [PMID: 30857376 PMCID: PMC6429127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in plants synchronizes biological processes that display cyclic 24-h oscillation based on metabolic and physiological reactions. This clock is a precise timekeeping system, that helps anticipate diurnal changes; e.g., expression levels of clock-related genes move in synchrony with changes in pathogen infection and help prepare appropriate defense responses in advance. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone and immune signal involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-mediated defense responses. SA signaling induces cellular redox changes, and degradation and rhythmic nuclear translocation of the non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) protein. Recent studies demonstrate the ability of the circadian clock to predict various potential attackers, and of redox signaling to determine appropriate defense against pathogen infection. Interaction of the circadian clock with redox rhythm promotes the balance between immunity and growth. We review here a variety of recent evidence for the intricate relationship between circadian clock and plant immune response, with a focus on the roles of redox rhythm and NPR1 in the circadian clock and plant immunity.
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De Smet B, Willems P, Fernandez-Fernandez AD, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. In vivo detection of protein cysteine sulfenylation in plastids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:765-778. [PMID: 30394608 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein cysteine thiols are post-translationally modified under oxidative stress conditions. Illuminated chloroplasts are one of the important sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and are highly sensitive to environmental stimuli, yet a comprehensive view of the oxidation-sensitive chloroplast proteome is still missing. By targeting the sulfenic acid YAP1C-trapping technology to the plastids of light-grown Arabidopsis cells, we identified 132 putatively sulfenylated plastid proteins upon H2 O2 pulse treatment. Almost half of the sulfenylated proteins are enzymes of the amino acid metabolism. Using metabolomics, we observed a reversible decrease in the levels of the amino acids Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, Ser, Thr and Val after H2 O2 treatment, which is in line with an anticipated decrease in the levels of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid metabolites. Through the identification of an organelle-tailored proteome, we demonstrated that the subcellular targeting of the YAP1C probe enables us to study in vivo cysteine sulfenylation at the organellar level. All in all, the identification of these oxidation events in plastids revealed that several enzymes of the amino acid metabolism rapidly undergo cysteine oxidation upon oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alvaro D Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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125
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Smirnoff N, Arnaud D. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1197-1214. [PMID: 30222198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2 O2 1198 III. H2 O2 and O2·- toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2 O2 : enzymes and subcellular locations 1200 V. H2 O2 transport 1205 VI. Control of H2 O2 concentration: how and where? 1205 VII. Metabolic functions of H2 O2 1207 VIII. H2 O2 signalling 1207 IX. Where next? 1209 Acknowledgements 1209 References 1209 SUMMARY: Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H2 O2 is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment-specific isoforms. Apoplastic H2 O2 influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediated polymer cross-linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H2 O2 -derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H2 O2 triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H2 O2 in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H2 O2 oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol-based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H2 O2 is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H2 O2 sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2-Orp1. These H2 O2 sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H2 O2 , will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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126
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Völz R, Kim SK, Mi J, Rawat AA, Veluchamy A, Mariappan KG, Rayapuram N, Daviere JM, Achard P, Blilou I, Al-Babili S, Benhamed M, Hirt H. INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 4 (IDD4) coordinates immune responses with plant-growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007499. [PMID: 30677094 PMCID: PMC6345439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/ BIRD proteins are a highly conserved plant-specific family of transcription factors which play multiple roles in plant development and physiology. Here, we show that mutation in IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE increases resistance to the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, indicating that IDD4 may act as a repressor of basal immune response and PAMP-triggered immunity. Furthermore, the idd4 mutant exhibits enhanced plant-growth indicating IDD4 as suppressor of growth and development. Transcriptome comparison of idd4 mutants and IDD4ox lines aligned to genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies revealed major target genes related to defense and developmental-biological processes. IDD4 is a phospho-protein that interacts and becomes phosphorylated on two conserved sites by the MAP kinase MPK6. DNA-binding studies of IDD4 after flg22 treatment and with IDD4 phosphosite mutants show enhanced binding affinity to ID1 motif-containing promoters and its function as a transcriptional regulator. In contrast to the IDD4-phospho-dead mutant, the IDD4 phospho-mimicking mutant shows altered susceptibility to PstDC3000, salicylic acid levels and transcriptome reprogramming. In summary, we found that IDD4 regulates various hormonal pathways thereby coordinating growth and development with basal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soon-Kap Kim
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika A Rawat
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga G Mariappan
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Michel Daviere
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 12 Rue Général Zimmer, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 12 Rue Général Zimmer, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University Paris-Sud, University of Évry Val d'Essonne, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, UMR9213 Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris Saclay, Essonne, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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127
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Islam W, Naveed H, Zaynab M, Huang Z, Chen HYH. Plant defense against virus diseases; growth hormones in highlights. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1596719. [PMID: 30957658 PMCID: PMC6546145 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1596719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are critical in various aspects of plant biology such as growth regulations and defense strategies against pathogens. Plant-virus interactions retard plant growth through rapid alterations in phytohormones and their signaling pathways. Recent research findings show evidence of how viruses impact upon modulation of various phytohormones affecting plant growth regulations. The opinion is getting stronger that virus-mediated phytohormone disruption and alteration weaken plant defense strategies through enhanced replication and systemic spread of viral particles. These hormones regulate plant-virus interactions in various ways that may involve antagonism and cross talk to modulate small RNA (sRNA) systems. The article aims to highlight the recent research findings elaborating the impact of viruses upon manipulation of phytohormones and virus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhiqun Huang Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
- CONTACT Han Y. H. Chen Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario Canada
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Li Z, Huang J, Wang Z, Meng F, Zhang S, Wu X, Zhang Z, Gao Z. Overexpression of Arabidopsis Nucleotide-Binding and Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes RPS2 and RPM1( D505V) Confers Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:417. [PMID: 31024591 PMCID: PMC6459959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors play important roles in innate plant immunity. The activation of NLRs is specifically induced by their cognate effectors released from pathogens. Autoactive NLRs are expected to confer broad-spectrum resistance because they do not need cognate effectors to activate their immune responses. In this study, we demonstrated that the NLR genes RPS2 and RPM1(D505V) from Arabidopsis were autoactive in Oryza sativa and conferred broad-spectrum resistance to fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and pest brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål). These results revealed that interfamily transfer of dicot NLRs to monocot species could be functional. The transgenic plants displayed early and strong induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose deposition, and expression of defense-related genes after challenged with M. oryzae. The transcriptome analysis showed that the expressions of some defense-related genes were primed to adapt the transformed autoactive NLRs in the transgenic plants. This study indicates that autoactive NLRs are a promising resource for breeding crops with broad-spectrum resistance and provides new insights for engineering disease resistance.
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129
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Han TT, Liu WC, Lu YT. General control non-repressible 20 (GCN20) functions in root growth by modulating DNA damage repair in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:274. [PMID: 30419826 PMCID: PMC6233562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most ABC transporters are engaged in transport of various compounds, but its subfamily F lacks transmembrane domain essential for chemical transportation. Thus the function of subfamily F remains further elusive. RESULTS Here, we identified General Control Non-Repressible 20 (GCN20), a member of subfamily F, as new factor for DNA damage repair in root growth. While gcn20-1 mutant had a short primary root with reduced meristem size and cell number, similar primary root lengths were assayed in both wild-type and GCN20::GCN20 gcn20-1 plants, indicating the involvement of GCN20 in root elongation. Further experiments with EdU incorporation and comet assay demonstrated that gcn20-1 displays increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and accumulates more damaged DNA. This is possible due to impaired ability of DNA repair in gcn20-1 since gcn20-1 seedlings are hypersensitive to DNA damage inducers MMC and MMS compared with the wild type plants. This note was further supported by the observation that gcn20-1 is more sensitive than the wild type when subjected to UV treatment in term of changes of both fresh weight and survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that GCN20 functions in primary root growth by modulating DNA damage repair in Arabidopsis. Our study will be useful to understand the functions of non-transporter ABC proteins in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
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130
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Dang X, Yu P, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Ren H, Chen B, Lin D. Reactive oxygen species mediate conical cell shaping in Arabidopsis thaliana petals. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007705. [PMID: 30296269 PMCID: PMC6203401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse cell types with distinct sizes, shapes, and functions. For example, most flowering plants contain specialized petal conical epidermal cells that are thought to attract pollinators and influence light capture and reflectance, but the molecular mechanisms controlling conical cell shaping remain unclear. Here, through a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations in ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), which encodes for a homolog of mammalian CtBP/BARs, displayed conical cells phenotype with wider tip angles, correlating with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further showed that exogenously supplied ROS generated similar conical cell phenotypes as the an mutants. Moreover, reduced endogenous ROS levels resulted in deceased tip sharpening of conical cells. Furthermore, through enhancer screening, we demonstrated that mutations in katanin (KTN1) enhanced conical cell phenotypes of the an-t1 mutants. Genetic analyses showed that AN acted in parallel with KTN1 to control conical cell shaping. Both increased or decreased ROS levels and mutations in AN suppressed microtubule organization into well-ordered circumferential arrays. We demonstrated that the AN-ROS pathway jointly functioned with KTN1 to modulate microtubule ordering, correlating with the tip sharpening of conical cells. Collectively, our findings revealed a mechanistic insight into ROS homeostasis regulation of microtubule organization and conical cell shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Dang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peihang Yu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yajun Li
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binqinq Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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131
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Klessig DF, Choi HW, Dempsey DA. Systemic Acquired Resistance and Salicylic Acid: Past, Present, and Future. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:871-888. [PMID: 29781762 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0067-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Distinguished Review Article Series in Conceptual and Methodological Breakthroughs in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development as well as the activation of defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we present a historical overview of the progress that has been made to date in elucidating the role of SA in signaling plant immune responses. The ability of plants to develop acquired immunity after pathogen infection was first proposed in 1933. However, most of our knowledge about plant immune signaling was generated over the last three decades, following the discovery that SA is an endogenous defense signal. During this timeframe, researchers have identified i) two pathways through which SA can be synthesized, ii) numerous proteins that regulate SA synthesis and metabolism, and iii) some of the signaling components that function downstream of SA, including a large number of SA targets or receptors. In addition, it has become increasingly evident that SA does not signal immune responses by itself but, rather, as part of an intricate network that involves many other plant hormones. Future efforts to develop a comprehensive understanding of SA-mediated immune signaling will therefore need to close knowledge gaps that exist within the SA pathway itself as well as clarify how crosstalk among the different hormone signaling pathways leads to an immune response that is both robust and optimized for maximal efficacy, depending on the identity of the attacking pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Li H, Yuan J, Wu M, Han Z, Li L, Jiang H, Jia Y, Han X, Liu M, Sun D, Chen C, Song W, Wang C. Transcriptome and DNA methylome reveal insights into yield heterosis in the curds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var. italic). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30103674 PMCID: PMC6090608 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curds are the main edible organs, which exhibit remarkable yield heterosis in F1 hybrid broccoli. However, the molecular basis underlying heterosis in broccoli remains elusive. RESULTS In the present study, transcriptome profiles revealed that the hybridization made most genes show additive expression patterns in hybrid broccoli. The differentially expressed genes including the non-additively expressed genes detected in the hybrid broccoli and its parents were mainly involved in light, hormone and hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathways, responses to stresses, and regulation of floral development, which suggested that these biological processes should play crucial roles in the yield heterosis of broccoli. Among them, light and hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathways represent two novel classes of regulatory processes that could function in yield or biomass heterosis of plants. Totally, 53 candidate genes closely involved in curd yield heterosis were identified. Methylome data indicated that the DNA methylation ratio of the hybrids was higher than that of their parents. However, the DNA methylation levels of most sites also displayed additive expression patterns. These sites with differential methylation levels were predominant in the intergenic regions. In most cases, the changes of DNA methylation levels in gene regions did not significantly affect their expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed genes, the regulatory processes and the possible roles of DNA methylation modification in the formation of curd yield heterotic trait were discovered. These findings provided comprehensive insights into the curd yield heterosis in broccoli, and were significant for breeding high-yield broccoli varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiye Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanpin Han
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanmin Jiang
- Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinglan Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Deling Sun
- Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengbin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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133
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Huang J, Willems P, Van Breusegem F, Messens J. Pathways crossing mammalian and plant sulfenomic landscapes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:193-201. [PMID: 29476921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and especially hydrogen peroxide, are potent signaling molecules that activate cellular defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide can provoke reversible and irreversible oxidative posttranslational modifications on cysteine residues of proteins that act in diverse signaling circuits. The initial oxidation product of cysteine, sulfenic acid, has emerged as a biologically relevant posttranslational modification, because it is the primary sulfur oxygen modification that precedes divergent series of additional adaptations. In this review, we focus on the functional consequences of sulfenylation for both mammalian and plant proteins. Furthermore, we created compendia of sulfenylated proteins in human and plants based on mass spectrometry experiments, thereby defining the current plant and human sulfenomes. To assess the evolutionary conservation of sulfenylation, the sulfenomes of human and plants were compared based on protein homology. In total, 185 human sulfenylated proteins showed homology to sulfenylated plant proteins and the conserved sulfenylation targets participated in specific biological pathways and metabolic processes. Comprehensive functional studies of sulfenylation remains a future challenge, with multiple candidates suggested by mass spectrometry awaiting scrutinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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134
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Krasensky-Wrzaczek J, Kangasjärvi J. The role of reactive oxygen species in the integration of temperature and light signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3347-3358. [PMID: 29514325 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable plasticity of the biochemical machinery in plants allows the integration of a multitude of stimuli, enabling acclimation to a wide range of growth conditions. The integration of information on light and temperature enables plants to sense seasonal changes and adjust growth, defense, and transition to flowering according to the prevailing conditions. By now, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as important signaling molecules has been established. Here, we review recent data on ROS as important components in the integration of light and temperature signaling by crosstalk with the circadian clock and calcium signaling. Furthermore, we highlight that different environmental conditions critically affect the interpretation of stress stimuli, and consequently defense mechanisms and stress outcome. For example, day length plays an important role in whether enhanced ROS production under stress conditions is directed towards activation of redox poising mechanisms or triggering programmed cell death (PCD). Furthermore, a mild increase in temperature can cause down-regulation of immunity and render plants more sensitive to biotrophic pathogens. Taken together, the evidence presented here demonstrates the complexity of signaling pathways and outline the importance of their correct interpretation in context with the given environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krasensky-Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finl
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finl
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135
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Karapetyan S, Dong X. Redox and the circadian clock in plant immunity: A balancing act. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:56-61. [PMID: 29274381 PMCID: PMC5986284 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants' reliance on sunlight for energy makes their light-driven circadian clock a critical regulator in balancing the energy needs for vital activities such as growth and defense. Recent studies show that the circadian clock acts as a strategic planner to prime active defense responses towards the morning or daytime when conditions, such as the opening of stomata required for photosynthesis, are favorable for attackers. Execution of the defense response, on the other hand, is determined according to the cellular redox state and is regulated in part by the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species upon pathogen challenge. The interplay between redox and the circadian clock further gates the onset of defense response to a specific time of the day to avoid conflict with growth-related activities. In this review, we focus on discussing the roles of the circadian clock as a robust overseer and the cellular redox as a dynamic executor of plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargis Karapetyan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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136
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Abstract
As fixed organisms, plants are especially affected by changes in their environment and have consequently evolved extensive mechanisms for acclimation and adaptation. Initially considered by-products from aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as major regulatory molecules in plants and their roles in early signaling events initiated by cellular metabolic perturbation and environmental stimuli are now established. Here, we review recent advances in ROS signaling. Compartment-specific and cross-compartmental signaling pathways initiated by the presence of ROS are discussed. Special attention is dedicated to established and hypothetical ROS-sensing events. The roles of ROS in long-distance signaling, immune responses, and plant development are evaluated. Finally, we outline the most challenging contemporary questions in the field of plant ROS biology and the need to further elucidate mechanisms allowing sensing, signaling specificity, and coordination of multiple signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | | | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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137
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Tian Y, Fan M, Qin Z, Lv H, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Zhao N, Li X, Han C, Ding Z, Wang W, Wang ZY, Bai MY. Hydrogen peroxide positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling through oxidation of the BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 transcription factor. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29540799 PMCID: PMC5852159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signaling molecule in plant developmental processes and stress responses. However, whether H2O2-mediated signaling crosstalks with plant hormone signaling is largely unclear. Here, we show that H2O2 induces the oxidation of the BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) transcription factor, which functions as a master regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Oxidative modification enhances BZR1 transcriptional activity by promoting its interaction with key regulators in the auxin-signaling and light-signaling pathways, including AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ARF6) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4). Genome-wide analysis shows that H2O2-dependent regulation of BZR1 activity plays a major role in modifying gene expression related to several BR-mediated biological processes. Furthermore, we show that the thioredoxin TRXh5 can interact with BZR1 and catalyzes its reduction. We conclude that reversible oxidation of BZR1 connects H2O2-mediated and thioredoxin-mediated redox signaling to BR signaling to regulate plant development. Hydrogen peroxide and brassinosteroids (BR) both regulate plant development and stress responses. Here Tian et al. show that hydrogen peroxide can trigger oxidation of the BR-responsive BZR1 transcription factor and promote its transcriptional activity, thereby linking BR and redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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138
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Guo J, Xu C, Wu D, Zhao Y, Qiu Y, Wang X, Ouyang Y, Cai B, Liu X, Jing S, Shangguan X, Wang H, Ma Y, Hu L, Wu Y, Shi S, Wang W, Zhu L, Xu X, Chen R, Feng Y, Du B, He G. Bph6 encodes an exocyst-localized protein and confers broad resistance to planthoppers in rice. Nat Genet 2018; 50:297-306. [PMID: 29358653 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) and white-backed planthopper (WBPH) are the most destructive insect pests of rice, and they pose serious threats to rice production throughout Asia. Thus, there are urgent needs to identify resistance-conferring genes and to breed planthopper-resistant rice varieties. Here we report the map-based cloning and functional analysis of Bph6, a gene that confers resistance to planthoppers in rice. Bph6 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that localizes to exocysts and interacts with the exocyst subunit OsEXO70E1. Bph6 expression increases exocytosis and participates in cell wall maintenance and reinforcement. A coordinated cytokinin, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway is activated in Bph6-carrying plants, which display broad resistance to all tested BPH biotypes and to WBPH without sacrificing yield, as these plants were found to maintain a high level of performance in a field that was heavily infested with BPH. Our results suggest that a superior resistance gene that evolved long ago in a region where planthoppers are found year round could be very valuable for controlling agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baodong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengli Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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139
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Li TT, Liu WC, Wang FF, Ma QB, Lu YT, Yuan TT. SORTING NEXIN 1 Functions in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance Through Changes of NO Accumulation by Regulating NO Synthase-Like Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1634. [PMID: 30542353 PMCID: PMC6277890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production via NO synthase (NOS) plays a vital role in plant tolerance to salt stress. However, the factor(s) regulating NOS-like activity in plant salt stress tolerance remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis SORTING NEXIN 1 (SNX1), which can restore H2O2-induced NO accumulation in yeast Δsnx4 mutant, functions in plant salt stress tolerance. Salt stress induced NO accumulation through promoted NOS-like activity in the wild type, but this induction was repressed in salt-stressed snx1-2 mutant with the mutation of SNX1 because NOS-like activity was inhibited in the mutant. Consistently, snx1-2 displayed reduced tolerance to high salinity with decreased survival rate compared with the wild type, and exogenous treatment with NO donor significantly rescued the hypersensitivity of the mutant to salt stress. In addition, the snx1-2 mutant with reduced NOS-like activity repressed the expression of stress-responsive genes, decreased proline accumulation and anti-oxidant ability compared with wild-type plants when subjected to salt stress. Taken together with our finding that salt induces the expression of SNX1, our results reveal that SNX1 plays a crucial role in plant salt stress tolerance by regulating NOS-like activity and thus NO accumulation.
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140
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Liu WC, Han TT, Yuan HM, Yu ZD, Zhang LY, Zhang BL, Zhai S, Zheng SQ, Lu YT. CATALASE2 functions for seedling postgerminative growth by scavenging H 2 O 2 and stimulating ACX2/3 activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2720-2728. [PMID: 28722222 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for early postgerminative growth in seedlings, but high levels of H2 O2 produced by β-oxidation can induce oxidative stress. Whether and how catalase (CAT) functions in fine-tuning H2 O2 homeostasis during seedling growth remain unclear. Here, we report that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth. Compared to the wild type, the cat2-1 mutant, with elevated H2 O2 levels, exhibited reduced root elongation on sucrose (Suc)-free medium, mimicking soils without exogenous sugar supply. Treatment with the H2 O2 scavenger potassium iodide rescued the mutant phenotype of cat2-1. In contrast to the wild type, the cat2-1 mutant was insensitive to the CAT inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in terms of root elongation when grown on Suc-free medium, suggesting that CAT2 modulates early seedling growth by altering H2 O2 accumulation. Furthermore, like cat2-1, the acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX) double mutant acx2-1 acx3-6 showed repressed root elongation, suggesting that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth by regulating ACX activity, as this activity was inhibited in cat2-1. Indeed, decreased ACX activity and short root of cat2-1 seedlings grown on Suc-free medium were rescued by overexpressing ACX3. Together, these findings suggest that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth by scavenging H2 O2 and stimulating ACX2/3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tong-Tong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bing-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Si-Qiu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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141
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Mwimba M, Dong X. The CAT(2) Comes Back. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:125-127. [PMID: 28182944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical evidence supporting CATALASE2 as a salicylic acid (SA) receptor has finally emerged. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yuan et al. (2017) show that SA binds to CATALASE2 to inhibit auxin and jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes as a means to strengthen plant immunity against biotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musoki Mwimba
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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142
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Withers J, Dong X. Post-translational regulation of plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 38:124-132. [PMID: 28538164 PMCID: PMC5644497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved multi-layered molecular defense strategies to protect against pathogens. Plant immune signaling largely relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) to induce rapid alterations of signaling pathways to achieve a response that is appropriate to the type of pathogen and infection pressure. In host cells, dynamic PTMs have emerged as powerful regulatory mechanisms that cells use to adjust their immune response. PTM is also a virulence strategy used by pathogens to subvert host immunity through the activities of effector proteins secreted into the host cell. Recent studies focusing on deciphering post-translational mechanisms underlying plant immunity have offered an in-depth view of how PTMs facilitate efficient immune responses and have provided a more dynamic and holistic view of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Withers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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143
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Nucleoredoxin guards against oxidative stress by protecting antioxidant enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8414-8419. [PMID: 28724723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703344114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with a wide range of developmental and stress responses. Although cells have evolved to use ROS as signaling molecules, their chemically reactive nature also poses a threat. Antioxidant systems are required to detoxify ROS and prevent cellular damage, but little is known about how these systems manage to function in hostile, ROS-rich environments. Here we show that during oxidative stress in plant cells, the pathogen-inducible oxidoreductase Nucleoredoxin 1 (NRX1) targets enzymes of major hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-scavenging pathways, including catalases. Mutant nrx1 plants displayed reduced catalase activity and were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. Remarkably, catalase was maintained in a reduced state by substrate-interaction with NRX1, a process necessary for its H2O2-scavenging activity. These data suggest that unexpectedly H2O2-scavenging enzymes experience oxidative distress in ROS-rich environments and require reductive protection from NRX1 for optimal activity.
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Liu WC, Li YH, Yuan HM, Zhang BL, Zhai S, Lu YT. WD40-REPEAT 5a functions in drought stress tolerance by regulating nitric oxide accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 93:883-893. [PMID: 26825291 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generation by NO synthase (NOS) in guard cells plays a vital role in stomatal closure for adaptive plant response to drought stress. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of NOS activity in plants is unclear. Here, by screening yeast deletion mutants with decreased NO accumulation and NOS-like activity when subjected to H2 O2 stress, we identified TUP1 as a novel regulator of NOS-like activity in yeast. Arabidopsis WD40-REPEAT 5a (WDR5a), a homolog of yeast TUP1, complemented H2 O2 -induced NO accumulation of a yeast mutant Δtup1, suggesting the conserved role of WDR5a in regulating NO accumulation and NOS-like activity. This note was further confirmed by using an Arabidopsis RNAi line wdr5a-1 and two T-DNA insertion mutants of WDR5a with reduced WDR5a expression, in which both H2 O2 -induced NO accumulation and stomatal closure were repressed. This was because H2 O2 -induced NOS-like activity was inhibited in the mutants compared with that of the wild type. Furthermore, these wdr5a mutants were more sensitive to drought stress as they had reduced stomatal closure and decreased expression of drought-related genes. Together, our results revealed that WDR5a functions as a novel factor to modulate NOS-like activity for changes of NO accumulation and stomatal closure in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bing-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Yuan HM, Sheng Y, Chen WJ, Lu YQ, Tang X, Ou-Yang M, Huang X. Overexpression of Hevea brasiliensis HbICE1 Enhances Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1462. [PMID: 28878797 PMCID: PMC5572258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) were successfully introduced to south China in the 1950s on a large-scale; however, due to the climate, are prone to cold injury during the winter season. Increased cold tolerance is therefore an important goal, yet the mechanism underlying rubber tree responses to cold stress remains unclear. This study carried out functional characterization of HbICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1) from H. brasiliensis. A nucleic protein with typical features of ICEs, HbICE1 was able to bind to MYC recognition sites and had strong transactivation activity. HbICE1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, with highest levels in the bark, and was up-regulated when subjected to various stresses including cold, dehydration, salinity and wounding. When overexpressed in Arabidopsis, 35S::HbICE1 plants showed enhanced cold resistance with increased proline content, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) metabolism and electrolyte leakage, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Expression of the cold responsive genes (COR15A, COR47, RD29A, and KIN1) was also significantly promoted in 35S::HbICE1 compared to wild-type plants under cold stress. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed that cold treatment changed genes expression profiles involved in many biological processes and phytohormones perception and transduction. Ethylene, JA, ABA, as well as ICE-CBF signaling pathways might work synergistically to cope with cold tolerance in rubber tree. Taken together, these findings suggest that HbICE1 is a member of the ICE gene family and a positive regulator of cold tolerance in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Mei Yuan
| | - Ying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jie Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Mo Ou-Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- Xi Huang
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