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Abstract
Tumor immunology is undergoing a renaissance due to the recent profound clinical successes of tumor immunotherapy. These advances have coincided with an exponential growth in the development of -omics technologies. Armed with these technologies and their associated computational and modeling toolsets, systems biologists have turned their attention to tumor immunology in an effort to understand the precise nature and consequences of interactions between tumors and the immune system. Such interactions are inherently multivariate, spanning multiple time and size scales, cell types, and organ systems, rendering systems biology approaches particularly amenable to their interrogation. While in its infancy, the field of 'Cancer Systems Immunology' has already influenced our understanding of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. As the field matures, studies will move beyond descriptive characterizations toward functional investigations of the emergent behavior that govern tumor-immune responses. Thus, Cancer Systems Immunology holds incredible promise to advance our ability to fight this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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102
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Capucetti A, Albano F, Bonecchi R. Multiple Roles for Chemokines in Neutrophil Biology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1259. [PMID: 32733442 PMCID: PMC7363767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the most critical mediators for selective neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, they are considered fundamental regulators of neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) to the bloodstream and for their homing back at the end of their life for apoptosis and clearance. However, chemokines are also important mediators of neutrophil effector functions including oxidative burst, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)osis, and production of inflammatory mediators. Neutrophils have been historically considered as a homogeneous population. In recent years, several maturation stages and subsets with different phenotypic profiles and effector functions were described both in physiological and pathological conditions such as infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current evidence regarding the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in neutrophil biology, including their possible role in neutrophil maturation, differentiation, and in defining emerging neutrophil subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Capucetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Francesca Albano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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103
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Cai Z, Zhang M, Boafo Kwantwi L, Bi X, Zhang C, Cheng Z, Ding X, Su T, Wang H, Wu Q. Breast cancer cells promote self-migration by secreting interleukin 8 to induce NET formation. Gene 2020; 754:144902. [PMID: 32544496 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Mingxun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Diagnostic Pathology, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | | | - Xiaomin Bi
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Pathology, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongle Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Tianhong Su
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Oncology, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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104
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Understanding the Differentiation, Expansion, Recruitment and Suppressive Activities of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103599. [PMID: 32443699 PMCID: PMC7279333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a great interest in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) due to their biological functions in tumor-mediated immune escape by suppressing antitumor immune responses. These cells arise from altered myelopoiesis in response to the tumor-derived factors. The most recognized function of MDSCs is suppressing anti-tumor immune responses by impairing T cell functions, and these cells are the most important players in cancer dissemination and metastasis. Therefore, understanding the factors and the mechanism of MDSC differentiation, expansion, and recruitment into the tumor microenvironment can lead to its control. However, most of the studies only defined MDSCs with no further characterization of granulocytic and monocytic subsets. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific MDSC subsets contribute to cancers. A better understanding of MDSC subset development and the specific molecular mechanism is needed to identify treatment targets. The understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for MDSC accumulation would enable more precise therapeutic targeting of these cells.
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105
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Carneiro-Goetten JOL, Rodrigues BS, Nogoceke RA, do Nascimento TG, Moreno-Amaral AN, Stuelp-Campelo PM, Elifio-Esposito S. Neutrophils activated by BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, decrease the invasion potential of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190073. [PMID: 32425992 PMCID: PMC7216824 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor with a mortality rate of 40% in the most aggressive cases. Tumor microenvironment components as immune cells contribute to the tumor progression; thereby, the modulation of immune cells to a pro-inflammatory and antitumoral profile could potentialize the immunotherapy, a suggested approach for high-risk patients. Preview studies showed the antitumoral potential of BJcuL, a C- type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom. It was able to induce immunomodulatory responses, promoting the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes and the activation of neutrophils. METHODS SK-N-SH cells were incubated with conditioned media (CM) obtained during the treatment of neutrophils with BJcuL and fMLP, a bacteria-derived peptide highly effective for activating neutrophil functions. Then we evaluated the effect of the same stimulation on the co-cultivation of neutrophils and SK-N-SH cells. Tumor cells were tested for viability, migration, and invasion potential. RESULTS In the viability assay, only neutrophils treated with BJcuL (24 h) and cultivated with SK-N-SH were cytotoxic. Migration of tumor cells decreased when incubated directly (p < 0.001) or indirectly (p < 0.005) with untreated neutrophils. When invasion potential was evaluated, neutrophils incubated with BJcuL reduced the total number of colonies of SK-N-SH cells following co-cultivation for 24 h (p < 0.005). Treatment with CM resulted in decreased anchorage-free survival following 24 h of treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Data demonstrated that SK-N-SH cells maintain their migratory potential in the face of neutrophil modulation by BJcuL, but their invasive capacity was significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Santos Rodrigues
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Amauri Nogoceke
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Novais Moreno-Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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106
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Hosur V, Skelly DA, Francis C, Low BE, Kohar V, Burzenski LM, Amiji MM, Shultz LD, Wiles MV. Improved mouse models and advanced genetic and genomic technologies for the study of neutrophils. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1013-1025. [PMID: 32387410 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mice have been excellent surrogates for studying neutrophil biology and, furthermore, murine models of human disease have provided fundamental insights into the roles of human neutrophils in innate immunity. The emergence of novel humanized mice and high-diversity mouse populations offers the research community innovative and powerful platforms for better understanding, respectively, the mechanisms by which human neutrophils drive pathogenicity, and how genetic differences underpin the variation in neutrophil biology observed among humans. Here, we review key examples of these new resources. Additionally, we provide an overview of advanced genetic engineering tools available to further improve such murine model systems, of sophisticated neutrophil-profiling technologies, and of multifunctional nanoparticle (NP)-based neutrophil-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hosur
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA.
| | - Daniel A Skelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Christopher Francis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Vivek Kohar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Lisa M Burzenski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
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107
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Inflammation-Based Scores Increase the Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051134. [PMID: 32369910 PMCID: PMC7281016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and monocytes in metastatic breast cancer (BC), where CTCs and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were predictors of overall survival (OS), was recently shown. Herein, we aimed to assess the association between CTCs and the complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammation-based scores in 284 primary BC patients. CTCs were determined in CD45-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real time-PCR. This method allowed us to detect a subset of CTCs with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype (CTC EMT), previously associated with inferior outcomes in primary BC. In the present study, CTC EMT positivity (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.4; 95% CI 1.20–4.66, p = 0.013) and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.07–4.55; p = 0.033) were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in primary BC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that CTC EMT-positive patients with NLR ≥ 3 had 8.6 times increased risk of disease recurrence (95% CI 2.35–31.48, p = 0.001) compared with CTC EMT-negative patients with NLR < 3. Similarly, disease recurrence was 13.14 times more likely in CTC EMT-positive patients with MLR ≥ 0.34 (95% CI 4.35–39.67, p < 0.001). Given its low methodological and financial demands, the CBC-derived inflammation-based score determination could, after broader validation, significantly improve the prognostication of BC patients.
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108
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Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death in patients with solid cancers. The progression to metastasis is a multistep process that involves detachment of tumor cells from their constraining basement membrane at the primary site, migration and intravasation into the circulation, survival in the circulation, extravasation into the secondary organ, and survival and growth at the secondary site. During these steps, tumor and immune cells interact and influence each other both within the tumor microenvironment and systemically. In particular, myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (myeloid regulatory cells) have been shown to play important roles in the metastatic process. These interactions open new avenues for targeting cancer metastasis, especially given the increasing interest in development of cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we describe the currently reported pathways and mechanisms involved in myeloid cell enhancement of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Swierczak
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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109
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Effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on tumor regression: insights from a patient-derived xenograft model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7078. [PMID: 32341383 PMCID: PMC7184589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), have resulted in unprecedented improvements in survival for patients with lung cancer. Nonetheless, not all patients benefit equally and many issues remain unresolved, including the mechanisms of action and the possible effector function of immune cells from non-lymphoid lineages. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anti-PD-1 immunotherapy acts on malignant tumor cells through mechanisms beyond those related to T lymphocyte involvement. We used a murine patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of early-stage non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) devoid of host lymphoid cells, and studied the tumor and immune non-lymphoid responses to immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy (cisplatin). An antitumor effect was observed in animals that received anti-PD-1 treatment, alone or in combination with cisplatin, likely due to a mechanism independent of T lymphocytes. Indeed, anti-PD-1 treatment induced myeloid cell mobilization to the tumor concomitant with the production of exudates compatible with an acute inflammatory reaction mediated by murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes, specifically neutrophils. Thus, while keeping in mind that more research is needed to corroborate our findings, we report preliminary evidence for a previously undescribed immunotherapy mechanism in this model, suggesting a potential cytotoxic action of neutrophils as PD-1 inhibitor effector cells responsible for tumor regression by necrotic extension.
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110
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Smit T, Anderson R. Role of the Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Responsiveness to Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071618. [PMID: 32244751 PMCID: PMC7180559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the well-recognized involvement of chronic neutrophilic inflammation in the initiation phase of many types of epithelial cancers, a growing body of evidence has also implicated these cells in the pathogenesis of the later phases of cancer development, specifically progression and spread. In this setting, established tumors have a propensity to induce myelopoiesis and to recruit neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where these cells undergo reprogramming and transitioning to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In the TME, these MDSCs, via the production of a broad range of mediators, not only attenuate the anti-tumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but also exclude these cells from the TME. Realization of the pro-tumorigenic activities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin has resulted in the development of a range of adjunctive strategies targeting the recruitment of these cells and/or the harmful activities of their mediators of immunosuppression. Most of these are in the pre-clinical or very early clinical stages of evaluation. Notable exceptions, however, are several pharmacologic, allosteric inhibitors of neutrophil/MDSC CXCR1/2 receptors. These agents have entered late-stage clinical assessment as adjuncts to either chemotherapy or inhibitory immune checkpoint-targeted therapy in patients with various types of advanced malignancy. The current review updates the origins and identities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin and their spectrum of immunosuppressive mediators, as well as current and pipeline MDSC-targeted strategies as potential adjuncts to cancer therapies. These sections are preceded by a consideration of the carcinogenic potential of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-880-4169
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa;
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
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111
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Bruno V, Corrado G, Baci D, Chiofalo B, Carosi MA, Ronchetti L, Piccione E, Albini A, Noonan DM, Piaggio G, Vizza E. Endometrial Cancer Immune Escape Mechanisms: Let Us Learn From the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Front Oncol 2020; 10:156. [PMID: 32226771 PMCID: PMC7080858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune escape mechanisms at the base of tumor progression in endometrial cancer mimic immune tolerance mechanisms occurring at the maternal-fetal interface. The biological and immunological processes behind the maternal-fetal interface are finely tuned in time and space during embryo implantation and subsequent pregnancy stages; conversely, those behind cancer progression are often aberrant. The environment composition at the maternal-fetal interface parallels the pro-tumor microenvironment identified in many cancers, pointing to the possibility for the use of the maternal-fetal interface as a model to depict immune therapeutic targets in cancer. The framework of cancer environment signatures involved in immune adaptations, precisely timed in cancer progression, could reveal a specific "immune clock" in endometrial cancer, which might guide clinicians in patient risk class assessment, diagnostic workup, management, surgical and therapeutic approach, and surveillance strategies. Here, we review studies approaching this hypothesis, focusing on what is known so far about oncofetal similarities in immunity with the idea to individualize personalized immunotherapy targets, through the downregulation of the immune escape stage or the reactivation of the pro-inflammatory processes suppressed by the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Children Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benito Chiofalo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Carosi
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Ronchetti
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Piccione
- Section of Gynecology, Academic Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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112
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Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. The functional diversity of neutrophils and clustered polarization of immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1212-1214. [PMID: 32094506 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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113
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Qin F, Liu X, Chen J, Huang S, Wei W, Zou Y, Liu X, Deng K, Mo S, Chen J, Chen X, Huang Y, Liang W. Anti-TGF-β attenuates tumor growth via polarization of tumor associated neutrophils towards an anti-tumor phenotype in colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:2580-2592. [PMID: 32201528 PMCID: PMC7066015 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) play important roles in the progress of CRC. Since tumor microenvironments could influence the phenotypes of TANs, altering the tumor microenvironment to polarize the phenotype of TANs may be a new strategy for tumor treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of anti-TGF-β on the polarization of TANs from a pro-tumor phenotype towards an anti-tumor phenotype in CRC. In this work, CRC patients had more infiltration of TANs and higher expression of TGF-β in CRC tissue when compared with the controls. In vitro, SW480 cells were co-cultured with primed neutrophils, which simulated the TANs in the tumor microenvironment, and TGF-β was blocked by anti-TGF-β (1D11) in order to polarize TANs. Anti-TGF-β treatment increased the cytotoxicity of TANs and decreased the metastatic chemoattractants secreted by TANs, and ultimately increased the apoptosis of CRC cells significantly while remarkably suppressing the migration of tumor cells. The changes of signaling pathways in the TANs and tumor cells were explored. The results showed that anti-TGF-β attenuated CRC may be partly mediated by suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in TANs and partly mediated by suppression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in tumor cells. Furthermore, the tumor in the mice treated with 1D11 was obviously smaller and had reverse tumorigenesis compared with the controls, while neutrophil depletion reduced the anti-tumor effect of 1D11. Our data suggest that anti-TGF-β attenuates tumor growth via the polarization of TANs to an anti-tumor phenotype in CRC, which provides new strategies for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Qin
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Center Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545007
| | - Jifei Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Shishun Huang
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Wei Wei
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Yan Zou
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Xuexiang Liu
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Kaifeng Deng
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Shanying Mo
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Jianming Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Yujie Huang
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
| | - Weijun Liang
- Medical Science Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P. R. China 545005
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114
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, including blood vessels,
immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, cytokines, hormones, and so on.
The TME differs from the normal tissue environment (NTE) in many aspects, such
as tissue architecture, chronic inflammation, level of oxygen and pH,
nutritional state of the cells, as well as tissue firmness. The NTE can inhibit
the growth of cancer at the early tumorigenesis phase, whereas the TME promotes
the growth of cancer in general, although it may have some anticancer effects.
In particular, the TME plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of
cancer stem cells, which lie at the root of cancer growth. Therefore,
normalization of the TME to the NTE may inhibit cancer growth or improve cancer
therapeutic efficiency. This review focuses on the recent emerging approaches
for this normalization and the action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- 1 Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- 2 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Shaul ME, Eyal O, Guglietta S, Aloni P, Zlotnik A, Forkosh E, Levy L, Weber LM, Levin Y, Pomerantz A, Nechushtan H, Eruslanov E, Singhal S, Robinson MD, Krieg C, Fridlender ZG. Circulating neutrophil subsets in advanced lung cancer patients exhibit unique immune signature and relate to prognosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:4204-4218. [PMID: 31957112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of circulating low-density neutrophils (LDN) has been described in cancer patients and associated with tumor-supportive properties, as opposed to the high-density neutrophils (HDN). Here we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating LDN in lung cancer patients, and further assessed its diagnostic vs prognostic value. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF), we identified major subpopulations within the circulating LDN/HDN subsets and determined phenotypic modulations of these subsets along tumor progression. LDN were highly enriched in the low-density (LD) fraction of advanced lung cancer patients (median 7.0%; range 0.2%-80%, n = 64), but not in early stage patients (0.7%; 0.05%-6%; n = 35), healthy individuals (0.8%; 0%-3.5%; n = 15), or stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (1.2%; 0.3%-7.4%, n = 13). Elevated LDN (>10%) remarkably related with poorer prognosis in late stage patients. We identified three main neutrophil subsets which proportions are markedly modified in cancer patients, with CD66b+ /CD10low /CXCR4+ /PDL1inter subset almost exclusively found in advanced lung cancer patients. We found substantial variability in subsets between patients, and demonstrated that HDN and LDN retain a degree of inherent spontaneous plasticity. Deep phenotypic characterization of cancer-related circulating neutrophils and their modulation along tumor progression is an important advancement in understanding the role of myeloid cells in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ophir Eyal
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pazzit Aloni
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Zlotnik
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ester Forkosh
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liran Levy
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lukas M Weber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yonathan Levin
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Pomerantz
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Sharrett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wang G, Joel MDM, Yuan J, Wang J, Cai X, Ocansey DKW, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation in neutrophils. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:603-616. [PMID: 31938969 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused by a variety of factors, including hereditary and environmental influences, that lead to dysfunction of the intestinal immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit important regulatory roles in relieving inflammation and repairing damaged tissues. Although neutrophils are important participants in the development of inflammatory reactions, they are also essential for maintaining intestinal balance during the process of mitigation of IBD by MSCs. Here, we constructed a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse IBD model and evaluated the effects of treatment with human umbilical cord MSCs. Mouse body weight, faecal traits, colon/spleen gross morphology, tissue histology and immunohistochemical staining, and inflammatory factors were analysed. Magnetic beads were used to sort infiltrating neutrophils from intestinal tissues, and their phenotypes were identified. The neutrophil inflammatory environment was also simulated in vitro, and signalling pathways involved in MSC regulation of neutrophil phenotype were analysed. Human umbilical cord MSCs effectively alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and intestinal mucosal injury, and reduced clinical disease activity index. The number of neutrophils that infiltrated the intestines of mice treated with human umbilical cord MSCs were decreased and polarised toward the N2 phenotype; at the same time, ERK phosphorylation was inhibited. In vitro experiments showed that addition of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor, PD98059, down-regulated the expression of N1 neutrophils, while up-regulating that of N2 neutrophils. The colon tissues from patients with IBD were infiltrated with neutrophils. Further, relative to healthy controls, the markers of N1 neutrophils (ICAM-1, FAS, and CCL3) were highly expressed in colon tissues from patients with IBD, whereas the markers of N2 neutrophils (VEGF, CCL2, and CXCR4) were almost undetectable. In conclusion, during alleviation of IBD, human umbilical cord MSCs polarise neutrophils toward the "N2" phenotype by inhibiting activation of ERK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mbobda Defo Marius Joel
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, 212300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Amplified innate leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages) are associated with advanced ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure (HF). Intensified neutrophilic leukocytosis (neutrophilia) and sustained activation of neutrophils is the predominant factor that determines over activated inflammation in acute HF and the outcome of long-term chronic HF. After heart attack, the first wave of innate responsive and short-lived neutrophils is essential for the initiation of inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and cardiac repair, however uncontrolled and long-term activation of neutrophils leads to collateral damage of myocardium. In the presented review, we highlighted the interactive and integrative role of neutrophil phenotypes in cellular and molecular events of ischemic HF. In addition, we discussed the current, nonimmune, immune, and novel paradigms of neutrophils in HF associated with differential factors with a specific interest in non-resolving inflammation and resolution physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Overview of Basic Immunology and Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1244:1-36. [PMID: 32301008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and cross-talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
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Jablonska E, Garley M, Surazynski A, Grubczak K, Iwaniuk A, Borys J, Moniuszko M, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induced by TGF-β in oral lichen planus - Possible implications for the development of oral cancer. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151901. [PMID: 31882256 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) including Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) are associated with risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Available data show that innate immune cells involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with their ability to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation are likely to be directly involved in development of cancer. Examination of NETs generation by TGF-β - induced neutrophils of OLP patients showed increased amounts of traps with MPO, H3Cit and cfDNA, known to be released with NETs. The presence of excessive amounts of NETs components may lead to numerous adverse consequences associated with potential transformation to OSCC. Bacterial-related infection may enhance the NETs formation and lead to consequences resulting from the excessive number of individual elements of these networks. It is likely that regulating NETs release by the flavonoids presented herein may be beneficial not only for inhibiting OLP development, but also in reducing risk of transformation to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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120
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Clausen F, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Röcken C. Sexual dimorphism in gastric cancer: tumor-associated neutrophils predict patient outcome only for women. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:53-66. [PMID: 31741042 PMCID: PMC6942031 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are part of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and may contribute to gastric cancer (GC) biology. We hypothesized that TAN are enriched in the TIME, show sex-specific differences, and correlate with patient outcome. METHODS We analyzed the distribution and putative tumor biological significance of TANs in a well-characterized, therapy-naïve, European GC cohort using immunohistochemical staining of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and digital image analysis using Definiens Tissue Studio®. RESULTS Different tumor compartments were examined, and TAN densities were correlated with various clinicopathological patient characteristics. TAN density showed a large interindividual variability ranging from 0 to 6711.0 TANs/mm2. Intratumoral distribution patterns were inhomogeneous (tumor surface vs. tumor center vs. invasion front) and correlated significantly with Laurén phenotype, tumor grade, and microsatellite status in the tumor center and invasion front. In the multivariate analysis, TAN density in the invasion front was an independent predictor of tumor-specific survival only for women (HR = 2.77, p < 0.001). In men, no correlation was found between TAN density and survival. CONCLUSION With regard to TANs, our study independently validates sexual dimorphism in GC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Clausen
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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121
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Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Carriero MV. Tumor Associated Neutrophils. Their Role in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, Prognosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1146. [PMID: 31799175 PMCID: PMC6874146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Associated Neutrophils (TANs) are engaged into the tumor microenvironment by cytokines and chemokines, can be distinguished according to their activation and cytokine status and effects on tumor cell growing in N1 and N2 TANs. N1 TANs exert an antitumor activity, by direct or indirect cytotoxicity. N2 TANs stimulate immunosuppression, tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis by DNA instability, or by cytokines and chemokines release. In tumor patients, either a high number of TANs and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) do correlate with poor prognosis, and, so far, TAN counts and NLR can be regarded as biomarkers. Owing to the pivotal role of TANs in stimulating tumor progression, therapeutic strategies to target TANs have been suggested, and two major approaches have been proposed: (a) targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR-1/CXCR-2 axis, thereby blocking TANs or (b) targeting substances produced by polymorpho-nuclear cells that promote tumor growth. Many studies have been accomplished either in vitro and in animal models, whereas clinical studies are restrained, presently, due to the risk of inducing immunosuppression. In this review, we deeply discuss the anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic activity of TANs. In particular, TANs relevance in tumor prognosis and in vitro therapeutic strategies are widely described. On-going clinical trials, aimed to inhibit neutrophil recruitment into the tumor are also accurately debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Masucci
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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122
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Prognostic value of nomogram based on pre-treatment inflammatory markers in patients with pulmonary-only synchronous metastases from colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:106001. [PMID: 31734191 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory markers were important factors affecting proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis of tumors. However, the prognostic value of inflammatory markers and related nomogram in patients with pulmonary-only synchronous metastases (POSM) from colorectal cancer has not been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 98 POSM patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer were included. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The nomogram was built based on multivariate Cox analysis model and evaluated by calibration curve, concordance index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). RESULTS The multivariate analysis showed that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was prognostic factor of OS (HR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.54-4.84) and PFS (HR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.13-2.82). Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) also was predictor of poor OS (HR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.12-3.51) and PFS (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.40-3.55). The early N stage and solitary pulmonary metastases had significant survival benefit for OS, while advanced T stage was independently related with worse PFS. Nomograms were consist of above significant risk factors, with C-index of 0.742 for OS and 0.656 for PFS. The calibration curves showed non-significant deviations between predicted and actual probability of OS and PFS. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment NLR and ALP were independently associated with OS and PFS in POSM patients. The nomograms involving inflammatory markers and clinicopathological factors were practical in predicting survival, which may help to guide use of therapeutic strategy and cancer surveillance.
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123
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Liu S, Shi J, Guo H, Xu F, Wei M, Sun K, Chen Y. Prognostic Significance Of The Inflammatory Index-Based Scoring System In Patients Preliminarily Diagnosed With Multiple Myeloma In The Bortezomib-Based Chemotherapy Era. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9409-9420. [PMID: 31807070 PMCID: PMC6842606 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s227671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count (PLT) have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of malignancies; this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the inflammatory prognostic scoring index (IPSI), comprised of RDW, N LR, and PLT for overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in the bortezomib-based chemotherapy era. Patients and methods The prognostic significance of variables associated with the OS of 175 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients was evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. The cut-off values of RDW, NLR, and PLT were obtained from references. Patients with high RDW (RDW>14) were given a score of 1; patients with high NLR (NLR>2) or low PLT (PLT≤150) were given a score of 2. According to the obtained scores, the inflammatory prognostic scoring index (IPSI) was formed, in which patients were grouped into high-risk group (4–5 points), intermediate-risk group (3 points) and low-risk group (0–2 points). Results OS varied significantly in different IPSI groups (P< 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the IPSI was an independent prognostic factor for OS (intermediate-risk group HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.60–5.22, high risk-group HR 14.50, 95% CI 7.26–28.93, P<0.001). Importantly, with IPSI as supplement to the International Staging System (ISS), a significant difference in OS was observed among IPSI subgroups (ISS I, P<0.001; ISS II, P=0.008; ISS III, P<0.001). Conclusion The IPSI, comprised of RDW, NLR, and PLT, played specific role in the prognosis of patients preliminarily diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the bortezomib-based chemotherapy era and could be a beneficial supplement for ISS staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Henan University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Hematology, Henan University People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Vassallo A, Wood AJ, Subburayalu J, Summers C, Chilvers ER. The counter-intuitive role of the neutrophil in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Br Med Bull 2019; 131:43-55. [PMID: 31504234 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophils are the primary effectors of the innate immune system but are profoundly histotoxic cells. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is considered to be a prime example of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. SOURCES OF DATA The information presented in this review is acquired from the published neutrophil cell biology literature and the longstanding interest of the senior authors in ARDS pathogenesis and clinical management. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Investigators in the field would agree that neutrophils accumulate in high abundance in the pulmonary microcirculation, lung interstitium and alveolar airspace of patients with ARDS. ARDS is also associated with systemic neutrophil priming and delayed neutrophil apoptosis and clearance of neutrophils from the lungs. In animal models, reducing circulating neutrophil numbers ameliorates lung injury. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Areas of uncertainty include how neutrophils get stuck in the narrow pulmonary capillary network-whether this reflects changes in the mechanical properties of primed neutrophils alone or additional cell adhesion molecules, the role of neutrophil sub-sets or polarization states including pro-angiogenic and low-density neutrophils, whether neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is beneficial (through bacterial capture) or harmful and the potential for neutrophils to participate in inflammatory resolution. The latter may involve the generation of specialized pro-resolving molecules (SPMs) and MMP-9, which is required for adequate matrix processing. GROWING POINTS Different and possibly stable endotypes of ARDS are increasingly being recognized, yet the relative contribution of the neutrophil to these endotypes is uncertain. There is renewed and intense interest in understanding the complex 'new biology' of the neutrophil, specifically whether this cell might be a valid therapeutic target in ARDS and other neutrophil-driven diseases and developing understanding of ways to enhance the beneficial role of the neutrophil in the resolution phase of ARDS. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Aside from treatment of the precipitating causes of ARDS, and scrupulous fluid, infection and ventilation management, there are no pharmacological interventions for ARDS; this represents an urgent and unmet need. Therapies aimed at reducing overall neutrophil numbers risk secondary infection; hence better ways are needed to reverse the processes of neutrophil priming activation, hyper-secretion and delayed apoptosis while enhancing the pro-resolution functions of the neutrophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Alex J Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | | | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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125
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Downregulation of FOXP3 in neutrophils by IL-8 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4771-4777. [PMID: 31611987 PMCID: PMC6781744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in neutrophils on the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer tissue samples and paracarcinoma tissues were collected from 23 patients with OSCC for the current study. In addition, SCC-9, a human tongue carcinoma cell line, was co-cultured with primary human neutrophils and treated with recombinant interleukin 8 (IL-8). The effect of FOXP3 on the proliferation of SCC-9 cells was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. FOXP3 expression in neutrophils was analyzed by quantitative PCR following IL-8 treatment. FOXP3 protein expression in neutrophils and the amount of IL-8 protein in the OSCC tumor microenvironment were determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The present study demonstrated that IL-8 downregulated FOXP3 mRNA expression in neutrophils. Neutrophils and peptide P60, a specific inhibitor of FOXP3, increased proliferation of SCC-9 cells. In patients with OSCC, FOXP3 protein expression in neutrophils of the stage IV group was significantly lower compared with that of the stage II and stage III groups, while IL-8 protein expression was higher in cancer tissues compared with that in paracarcinoma tissues. In summary, IL-8 in the tumor microenvironment may recruit neutrophils, and downregulation of FOXP3 in neutrophils by IL-8 may promote the progression of OSCC.
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126
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Abstract
Nearly two-thirds of cancer patients are treated with radiation therapy (RT), often with the intent to achieve complete and permanent tumor regression (local control). RT is the primary treatment modality used to achieve local control for many malignancies, including locally advanced cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer. The addition of concurrent platinum-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy improves local control and patient survival. Enhanced outcomes with concurrent chemoradiotherapy may result from increased direct killing of tumor cells and effects on nontumor cell populations. Many patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy exhibit a decline in neutrophil count, but the effects of neutrophils on radiation therapy are controversial. To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophils in the response to RT, we examined patient outcomes and circulating neutrophil counts in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. Although pretreatment neutrophil count did not correlate with outcome, lower absolute neutrophil count after starting concurrent chemoradiotherapy was associated with higher rates of local control, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. To define the role of neutrophils in tumor response to RT, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to deplete neutrophils in an autochthonous mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Neutrophil depletion prior to image-guided focal irradiation improved tumor response to RT. Our results indicate that neutrophils promote resistance to radiation therapy. The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy may depend on the impact of treatment on peripheral neutrophil count, which has the potential to serve as an inexpensive and widely available biomarker.
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127
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Luo K, Zhang Y, Xv C, Ji J, Lou G, Guo X, Chen M, Zhang Y, Wei H, Guo M, Huang R, Yu S. Fusobacterium nucleatum, the communication with colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108988. [PMID: 31112873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in 2018 with poor prognosis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n), an anaerobe, is found to be enriched in both stools and tumor tissues of CRC patients. As surveys show, tumor initiates before the collection of F.n. In return, F.n helps cancer cells to build up tumor microenvironment and benefit for their chemo-resistant. The elements constituted the tumor environment, including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, contribute to the existing of tumor cells respectively. However, the integrated and interactive roles of those elements are poorly investigated. The intracellular molecular alteration MSI is a result of F.n infection and the microbiology-molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) has become a new trend to analysis F.n and tumorigenesis. Chemoresistance of tumor cells is also affected by F.n induced microenvironment, or F.n achieves it directly. Finally, F.n could be a biomarker of CRC. All in all, our review will lay a foundation for the therapy of CRC through the interference of F.n and perspective to follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Yvkun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Chao Xv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Meilun Chen
- Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | | | - Huiying Wei
- Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
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128
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Welch DR, Hurst DR. Defining the Hallmarks of Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3011-3027. [PMID: 31053634 PMCID: PMC6571042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The process involves a complex interplay between intrinsic tumor cell properties as well as interactions between cancer cells and multiple microenvironments. The outcome is the development of a nearby or distant discontiguous secondary mass. To successfully disseminate, metastatic cells acquire properties in addition to those necessary to become neoplastic. Heterogeneity in mechanisms involved, routes of dissemination, redundancy of molecular pathways that can be utilized, and the ability to piggyback on the actions of surrounding stromal cells makes defining the hallmarks of metastasis extraordinarily challenging. Nonetheless, this review identifies four distinguishing features that are required: motility and invasion, ability to modulate the secondary site or local microenvironments, plasticity, and ability to colonize secondary tissues. By defining these first principles of metastasis, we provide the means for focusing efforts on the aspects of metastasis that will improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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130
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Hanna BS, Öztürk S, Seiffert M. Beyond bystanders: Myeloid cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Immunol 2019; 110:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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131
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Jones NM, Yang H, Zhang Q, Morales-Tirado VM, Grossniklaus HE. Natural killer cells and pigment epithelial-derived factor control the infiltrative and nodular growth of hepatic metastases in an Orthotopic murine model of ocular melanoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:484. [PMID: 31117965 PMCID: PMC6532210 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastases account for 90% of all cancer-related deaths, becoming a therapeutic problem. Approximately 50% of all uveal melanoma (UM) patients will develop metastases, mainly in the liver. Post-mortem analyses of livers from metastatic UM patients showed two different metastatic growth patterns: infiltrative and nodular. The infiltrative pattern exhibits tumor infiltration directly to the hepatic lobule and minimal angiogenesis. The nodular pattern shows clusters of tumor cells around the portal venules that efface the liver parenchyma. We recently demonstrated Natural Killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the control of hepatic metastases and the pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) controls angiogenesis in the liver using our established ocular melanoma animal model. In this study we investigated the role of NK cells and PEDF in the development of metastatic growth patterns, as this can contribute to the development of novel therapeutics specific towards each growth pattern. Methods We utilize our established ocular melanoma animal model by inoculation of B16-LS9 melanoma cells into C57BL/6 J mice (WT), anti-asialo GM1-treated C57BL/6 J mice (NK-depleted), and PEDF−/− C57BL/6 J mice. Three weeks after inoculation we evaluated the metastatic growth patterns and stratified them based of the numbers of tumor cells. To evaluate angiogenesis the mean vascular density (MVD) was calculated. The immune compartment of the liver was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Our in vivo work showed two distinct metastatic growth patterns, the infiltrative and nodular, recapitulating the post-mortem analyses on human liver tissue. We discovered NK cells control the infiltrative growth. In contrast, PEDF controlled anti-angiogenic responses, showing higher MVD values compared to NK-depleted and WT animals. The myeloid lineage, comprised of monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, was reduced in the absence of NK cells or PEDF. Conclusions Our animal model recapitulates the metastatic growth patterns observed in the human disease. We demonstrated a role for NK cells in the development of the infiltrative growth pattern, and a role for PEDF in the development of the nodular pattern. The understanding of the complexity associated with the metastatic progression has profound clinical implications in the diagnostic and disease-management as we can develop and direct more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasia M Jones
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Cancer Biology and Translational Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vanessa M Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road NE, BT428, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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132
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Targeting immune cells for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101174. [PMID: 30917934 PMCID: PMC6859550 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a renaissance in the research linking inflammation and cancer with immune cells playing a central role in smouldering inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Diverse immune cell types infiltrate the tumor microenvironment, and the dynamic tumor-immune cell interplay gives rise to a rich milieu of cytokines and growth factors. Fundamentally, this intricate cross-talk creates the conducive condition for tumor cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Interestingly, the prominent impact of immune cells is expounded in their contrary pro-tumoral role, as well as their potential anti-cancer cellular weaponry. The latter is known as immunotherapy, a concept born out of evidence that tumors are susceptible to immune defence and that by manipulating the immune system, tumor growth can be successfully restrained. Naturally, a deeper understanding of the multifaceted roles of various immune cell types thus contributes toward developing innovative anti-cancer strategies. Therefore, in this review we first outline the roles played by the major immune cell types, such as macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. We then explain the recently-explored strategies of immunomodulation and discuss some important approaches via an immunology perspective.
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133
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CXCR4 signaling regulates metastatic onset by controlling neutrophil motility and response to malignant cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2399. [PMID: 30787324 PMCID: PMC6382824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing tumors interact with the surrounding microenvironment. Myeloid cells exert both anti- and pro-tumor functions and chemokines are known to drive immune cell migration towards cancer cells. It is documented that CXCR4 signaling supports tumor metastasis formation in tissues where CXCL12, its cognate ligand, is abundant. On the other hand, the role of the neutrophilic CXCR4 signaling in driving cancer invasion and metastasis formation is poorly understood. Here, we use the zebrafish xenotransplantation model to study the role of CXCR4 signaling in driving the interaction between invasive human tumor cells and host neutrophils, supporting early metastasis formation. We found that zebrafish cxcr4 (cxcr4b) is highly expressed in neutrophils and experimental micrometastases fail to form in mutant larvae lacking a functional Cxcr4b. We demonstrated that Cxcr4b controls neutrophil number and motility and showed that Cxcr4b transcriptomic signature relates to motility and adhesion regulation in neutrophils in tumor-naïve larvae. Finally, Cxcr4b deficient neutrophils failed to interact with cancer cells initiating early metastatic events. In conclusion, we propose that CXCR4 signaling supports the interaction between tumor cells and host neutrophils in developing tumor metastases. Therefore, targeting CXCR4 on tumor cells and neutrophils could serve as a double bladed razor to limit cancer progression.
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134
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Transcriptomic profiles of tumor-associated neutrophils reveal prominent roles in enhancing angiogenesis in liver tumorigenesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1509. [PMID: 30728369 PMCID: PMC6365535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the pro-tumoral role of neutrophils using a kras-induced zebrafish hepatocarcinogenesis model. To further illustrate the molecular basis of the pro-tumoral role, Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and transcriptomic analyses were carried out by RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed gene profiles of TANs from larvae, male and female livers indicate great variations during liver tumorigenesis, but the common responsive canonical pathways included an immune pathway (Acute Phase Response Signaling), a liver metabolism-related pathway (LXR/RXR Activation) and Thrombin Signaling. Consistent with the pro-tumoral role of TANs, gene module analysis identified a consistent down-regulation of Cytotoxicity module, which may allow continued proliferation of malignant cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated up-regulation of several genes promoting angiogenesis. Consistent with this, we found decreased density of blood vessels accompanied with decreased oncogenic liver sizes in neutrophil-depleted larvae. Collectively, our study has indicated some molecular mechanisms of the pro-tumoral roles of TANs in hepatocarcinogenesis, including weakened immune clearance against tumor cells and enhanced function in angiogenesis.
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135
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Diffuse splenic FDG uptake is predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1313. [PMID: 30718566 PMCID: PMC6361940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlations between diffuse splenic Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and inflammatory markers and to evaluate the prognostic significance of splenic FDG uptake in rectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the data from 161 patients who underwent splenic FDG PET/CT staging and subsequent curative surgical resection of rectal cancer between July 2006 and September 2014. The spleen-to-liver uptake ratio (S/L ratio) was calculated by dividing the spleen SUVmean by liver SUVmean. We found significant positive correlations between the S/L ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.013) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.007). In a Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with S/L ratio ≤0.815 had a significantly higher recurrence-free survival rate than those with S/L ratio >0.815 (P = 0.028). Also, patients with S/L ratio ≤0.731 had a significantly higher overall survival rate than those with S/L ratio >0.731 (P = 0.036). In multivariate analysis, higher S/L ratio, as well as male, poor differentiation, higher TNM stage, perineural invasion, and larger tumor size, was independently predictive of cancer recurrence (>0.815 vs ≤0.815, hazard ratio [HR]: 2.04, P = 0.046). With regard to OS, S/L ratio was also an independent prognostic factor for death during follow-up (>0.731 vs ≤0.731, HR: 3.81, P = 0.017). Our results show significant correlations between S/L ratio on PET/CT and systemic inflammatory markers. Further, S/L ratio was an independent prognostic factor for predicting recurrence and death in patient with rectal cancer after curative surgery.
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136
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Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. The Evolving Role of Neutrophils in Liver Transplant Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019; 6:78-89. [PMID: 31602356 PMCID: PMC6786799 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an inevitable event during liver transplantation, represents a major risk factor for the primary graft dysfunction as well as the development of acute and chronic rejection. Neutrophils, along macrophages, are pivotal in the innate immune-driven liver IRI, whereas the effective neutrophil-targeting therapies remain to be established. In this review, we summarize progress in our appreciation of the neutrophil biology and discuss neutrophil-based therapeutic perspectives. Recent Findings New technological advances enable to accurately track neutrophil movements and help to understand molecular mechanisms in neutrophil function, such as selective recruitment to IR-stressed tissue, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, or reverse migration into circulation. In addition to pro-inflammatory and tissue-destructive functions, immune regulatory and tissue-repairing phenotype associated with distinct neutrophil subsets have been identified. Summary Newly recognized and therapeutically attractive neutrophil characteristics warrant comprehensive preclinical and clinical attention to target IRI in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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137
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Kim Y, Lee D, Lee J, Lee S, Lawler S. Role of tumor-associated neutrophils in regulation of tumor growth in lung cancer development: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211041. [PMID: 30689655 PMCID: PMC6349324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils display rapid and potent innate immune responses in various diseases. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) however either induce or overcome immunosuppressive functions of the tumor microenvironment through complex tumor-stroma crosstalk. We developed a mathematical model to address the question of how phenotypic alterations between tumor suppressive N1 TANS, and tumor promoting N2 TANs affect nonlinear tumor growth in a complex tumor microenvironment. The model provides a visual display of the complex behavior of populations of TANs and tumors in response to various TGF-β and IFN-β stimuli. In addition, the effect of anti-tumor drug administration is incorporated in the model in an effort to achieve optimal anti-tumor efficacy. The simulation results from the mathematical model were in good agreement with experimental data. We found that the N2-to-N1 ratio (N21R) index is positively correlated with aggressive tumor growth, suggesting that this may be a good prognostic factor. We also found that the antitumor efficacy increases when the relative ratio (Dap) of delayed apoptotic cell death of N1 and N2 TANs is either very small or relatively large, providing a basis for therapeutically targeting prometastatic N2 TANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Lee
- Division of Mathematical Models, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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138
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Szewczyk G, Maciejewski TM, Szukiewicz D. Current progress in the inflammatory background of angiogenesis in gynecological cancers. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:247-260. [PMID: 30680411 PMCID: PMC6420455 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor growth depends on the potency of the tumor to support itself with nutrients and oxygen. The development of a vascular network within the tumor is key to its survival. The permanent contest between the tumor and its host involves tumor cells on one side and an immunological system and tissue stroma on the other. The angiogenesis is not only a specialty of the tumor, but it also depends on this complex multidirectional interaction. The most common gynecological cancers, cervical, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma are good examples for studying this problem. In this review, we aim to show that an inflammatory response against a tumor can be reverted into an undesirable process leading to the development of a vascular network within the tumor and, subsequently, further growth of the tumor and progression of a disease. Therefore, a key for tumor management should be searched within the immunological system, rather than focused on cell cycle and anti-angiogenic treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz M Maciejewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Mother and Child, ul. Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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139
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Kunze FA, Bauer M, Komuczki J, Lanzinger M, Gunasekera K, Hopp AK, Lehmann M, Becher B, Müller A, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 in Myeloid Cells Controls the IL-12/18-IFN-γ Axis in a Model of Sterile Sepsis, Chronic Bacterial Infection, and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1406-1416. [PMID: 30674576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient for ADP-ribosyltransferase diphteria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) are protected against microbially induced inflammation. To address the contribution of ARTD1 to inflammation specifically in myeloid cells, we generated an Artd1ΔMyel mouse strain with conditional ARTD1 deficiency in myeloid lineages and examined the strain in three disease models. We found that ARTD1, but not its enzymatic activity, enhanced the transcriptional activation of distinct LPS-induced genes that included IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6 in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-induced IL-12/18-IFN-γ signaling in Artd1ΔMyel mice. The loss of Artd1 in myeloid cells also reduced the TH1 response to Helicobacter pylori and impaired immune control of the bacteria. Furthermore, Artd1ΔMyel mice failed to control tumor growth in a s.c. MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced TH1 and CD8 responses. Together, these data provide strong evidence for a cell-intrinsic role of ARTD1 in myeloid cells that is independent of its enzymatic activity and promotes type I immunity by promoting IL-12/18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich A Kunze
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Komuczki
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Margit Lanzinger
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Tumor-infiltrating Neutrophils is Prognostic and Predictive for Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefit in Patients With Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg 2019; 267:311-318. [PMID: 27763900 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) and to generate a predictive model to refine postoperative risk stratification system for patients with gastric cancer. BACKGROUND TIN presents in various malignant tumors, but its clinical significance in gastric cancer remains obscure. METHODS The study enrolled 3 independent sets of patients with gastric cancer from 2 institutional medical centers of China. TIN was estimated by immunohistochemical staining of CD66b, and its relationship with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Prognostic accuracies were evaluated by C-index and Akaike information criterion. RESULTS TINs in gastric cancer tissues ranged from 0 to 192 cells/high magnification filed (HPF), 0 to 117 cells/HPF, and 0 to 142 cells/HPF in the training, testing, and validation sets, respectively. TINs were negatively correlated with lymph node classification (P = 0.007, P = 0.041, and P = 0.032, respectively) and tumor stage (P = 0.019, P = 0.013, and P = 0.025, respectively) in the 3 sets. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified TINs and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage as 2 independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Incorporation of TINs into well-established TNM system generated a predictive model that shows better predictive accuracy for overall survival. More importantly, patients with higher TINs were prone to overall survival benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. These results were validated in the independent testing and validation sets. CONCLUSIONS TIN in gastric cancer was identified as an independent prognostic factor, which could be incorporated into standard TNM staging system to refine risk stratification and predict for overall survival benefit from postoperative chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer.
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141
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Tumour-elicited neutrophils engage mitochondrial metabolism to circumvent nutrient limitations and maintain immune suppression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5099. [PMID: 30504842 PMCID: PMC6269473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are a vital component of immune protection, yet in cancer they may promote tumour progression, partly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupts lymphocyte functions. Metabolically, neutrophils are often discounted as purely glycolytic. Here we show that immature, c-Kit+ neutrophils subsets can engage in oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. With limited glucose supply, oxidative neutrophils use mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to support NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. In 4T1 tumour-bearing mice, mitochondrial fitness is enhanced in splenic neutrophils and is driven by c-Kit signalling. Concordantly, tumour-elicited oxidative neutrophils are able to maintain ROS production and T cell suppression when glucose utilisation is restricted. Consistent with these findings, peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with cancer also display increased immaturity, mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation. Together, our data suggest that the glucose-restricted tumour microenvironment induces metabolically adapted, oxidative neutrophils to maintain local immune suppression. Neutrophils normally fulfil their metabolic demands by glycolysis and have limited mitochondrial activity. Here the authors show that tumours promote neutrophils adapted to oxidative mitochondria metabolism that function in the glucose-restrained tumour microenvironment to promote tumour growth by maintaining local immune suppression.
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142
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Immune regulation and anti-cancer activity by lipid inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:580-592. [PMID: 30447537 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with poor outcomes, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. This contrasts with increased lymphocyte infiltration of tumors, which is correlated with improved outcomes. Lifestyle parameters, such as obesity and diets with high levels of saturated fat and/or omega (ω)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), can influence these inflammatory parameters, including an increase in extramedullary myelopoiesis (EMM). While tumor secretion of growth factors (GFs) and chemokines regulate tumor-immune-cell crosstalk, lifestyle choices also contribute to inflammation, abnormal pathology and leukocyte infiltration of tumors. A relationship between obesity and high-fat diets (notably saturated fats in Western diets) and inflammation, tumor incidence, metastasis and poor outcomes is generally accepted. However, the mechanisms of dietary promotion of an inflammatory microenvironment and targeted drugs to inhibit the clinical sequelae are poorly understood. Thus, modifications of obesity and dietary fat may provide preventative or therapeutic approaches to control tumor-associated inflammation and disease progression. Currently, the majority of basic and clinical research does not differentiate between obesity and fatty acid consumption as mediators of inflammatory and neoplastic processes. In this review, we discuss the relationships between dietary PUFAs, inflammation and neoplasia and experimental strategies to improve our understanding of these relationships. We conclude that dietary composition, notably the ratio of ω-3 vs ω-6 PUFA regulates tumor growth and the frequency and sites of metastasis that together, impact overall survival (OS) in mice.
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143
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Wang X, Qiu L, Li Z, Wang XY, Yi H. Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Neutrophils in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2456. [PMID: 30473691 PMCID: PMC6237929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first immune cell types that are recruited to injury and infection site. As a vital component of the immune system, neutrophils are heterogeneous immune cells known to have phagocytic property and function in inflammation. Recent studies revealed that neutrophils play dual roles in tumor initiation, development, and progression. The multifunctional roles of neutrophils in diseases are mainly due to their production of different effector molecules under different conditions. N1 and N2 neutrophils or high density neutrophils (HDNs) and low density neutrophils (LDNs) have been used to distinguish neutrophils subpopulations with pro- vs. anti-tumor activity, respectively. Indeed, N1 and N2 neutrophils also represent immunostimulating and immunosuppressive subsets, respectively, in cancer. The emerging studies support their multifaceted roles in autoimmune diseases. Although such subsets are rarely identified in autoimmune diseases, some unique subsets of neutrophils, including low density granulocytes (LDGs) and CD177+ neutrophils, have been reported. Given the heterogeneity and functional plasticity of neutrophils, it is necessary to understand the phenotypical and functional features of neutrophils in disease status. In this article, we review the multifaceted activates of neutrophils in cancer and autoimmune diseases, which may support new classification of neutrophils to help understand their important functions in immune homeostasis and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
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144
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Study of tumor growth indicates the existence of an "immunological threshold" separating states of pro- and antitumoral peritumoral inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202823. [PMID: 30388111 PMCID: PMC6214501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritumoral inflammation—a response mainly involving polimorphonuclear neutrophils—has traditionally been thought protumoral in its effects. In recent years, however, a number of studies have indicated that it may play an important antitumoral role. This discrepancy has been difficult to explain. Methods and findings This work describes a tool for simulating tumor growth that obeys the universal model of tumor growth dynamics, and shows through its use that low intensity peritumoral inflammation exerts a protumoral effect, while high intensity inflammation exerts a potent antitumoral effect. Indeed, the simulation results obtained indicate that a sufficiently strong antitumoral effect can reverse tumor growth, as has been suggested several times in the clinical literature. Conclusions The present result indicate that an ‘immunological threshold’ must exist, marking the boundary between states in which peritumoral inflammation is either harmful or beneficial. These findings lend support to the idea that stimulating intense peritumoral inflammation could be used as a treatment against solid tumors.
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145
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The prognostic values of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, lymphocytes and neutrophil/lymphocyte rates in bladder urothelial cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1074-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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146
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Shaul ME, Fridlender ZG. Cancer-related circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils - subtypes, sources and function. FEBS J 2018; 285:4316-4342. [PMID: 29851227 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of neutrophils in cancer biology has been a matter of increasing interest. Many patients with advanced cancer show high levels of neutrophilia, tumor neutrophils are connected to dismal prognosis, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been introduced as a significant prognostic factor for survival in many types of cancer. Neutrophils constitute an important portion of the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but controversy has long surrounded the function of these cells in the context of cancer. Multiple evidences have shown that neutrophils recruited to the tumor can acquire either protumor or antitumor function. These findings have led to the identification of multiple and heterogeneous neutrophil subsets in the tumor and circulation. In addition, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were shown to demonstrate functional plasticity, driven by multiple factors present in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we examine the current knowledge on cancer-related circulating neutrophils, their source and the function of the different subtypes, both mature and immature. We then discuss the pro vs antitumor nature of TANs in cancer, their functional plasticity and the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment and polarization. Although the vast majority of the knowledge on neutrophils in cancer comes from murine studies, recent work has been done on human cancer-related neutrophils. In the final paragraphs, we expand on the current knowledge regarding the role of neutrophils in human cancer and examine the question whether cancer-related neutrophils (circulating or intratumoral) could be a new possible target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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147
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Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils display an array of behaviors ranging from rolling and migration to phagocytosis and granule secretion. Several of these behaviors are modulated by the local shear conditions. In the normal circulation, neutrophils experience shear rates from approximately 10-2,000 s-1. However, neutrophils are also exposed to pathological shear levels in natural conditions such as severe stenosis and arteriosclerosis, as well as in blood-contacting devices such as ventricular assist devices (VADs) and hemodialysis machines. The effects of transiently (< 1 sec) exposing neutrophils to abnormally high shear rates (>3,000 s-1) are not well understood. Methods We developed a set of microfluidic devices capable of exposing neutrophils to high shear rates for short durations (100-400 msec). Suspensions of isolated neutrophils were perfused through the devices and their rolling velocities on P-selectin were analyzed before and after shear exposure. Results We observed a significant increase in neutrophil rolling velocities on P-selectin coated regions following transient high shear exposure. The magnitude of the rolling velocity increase was dependent upon the duration of high shear exposure and became statistically significant for exposure times of 310 msec or longer. When polystyrene beads coated with a glycosulfopeptide that mimics the binding region of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) were perfused through the devices, no change between the pre-shear and post-shear rolling velocities was observed. Conclusions These results suggest that high shear levels alter normal neutrophil rolling behavior and are important for understanding neutrophil biology in high shear conditions, as well as for improving medical device performance.
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148
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Mensurado S, Rei M, Lança T, Ioannou M, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Kubo H, Malissen M, Papayannopoulos V, Serre K, Silva-Santos B. Tumor-associated neutrophils suppress pro-tumoral IL-17+ γδ T cells through induction of oxidative stress. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004990. [PMID: 29750788 PMCID: PMC5965901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing γδ T cells (γδ17 T cells) have been recently found to promote tumor growth and metastasis formation. How such γδ17 T-cell responses may be regulated in the tumor microenvironment remains, however, largely unknown. Here, we report that tumor-associated neutrophils can display an overt antitumor role by strongly suppressing γδ17 T cells. Tumor-associated neutrophils inhibited the proliferation of murine CD27- Vγ6+ γδ17 T cells via induction of oxidative stress, thereby preventing them from constituting the major source of pro-tumoral IL-17 in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, we found that low expression of the antioxidant glutathione in CD27- γδ17 T cells renders them particularly susceptible to neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistently, superoxide deficiency, or the administration of a glutathione precursor, rescued CD27- Vγ6+ γδ17 T-cell proliferation in vivo. Moreover, human Vδ1+ γδ T cells, which contain most γδ17 T cells found in cancer patients, also displayed low glutathione levels and were potently inhibited by ROS. This work thus identifies an unanticipated, immunosuppressive yet antitumoral, neutrophil/ROS/γδ17 T-cell axis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Rei
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telma Lança
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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149
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce PDL1+ neutrophils through the IL6-STAT3 pathway that foster immune suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:422. [PMID: 29556041 PMCID: PMC5859264 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect tumor progression by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils are prominent components of solid tumors and important in cancer progression. Whether the phenotype and function of neutrophils in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are influenced by CAFs is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the effect of HCC-derived CAFs (HCC-CAFs) on the neutrophils and explored the biological role of this effect. We found that HCC-CAFs induced chemotaxis of neutrophils and protected them from spontaneous apoptosis. Neutrophils were activated by the conditioned medium from HCC-CAFs with increased expression of CD66b, PDL1, IL8, TNFa, and CCL2, and with decreased expression of CD62L. HCC-CAF-primed neutrophils impaired T-cell function through the PD1/PDL1 signaling pathway. We revealed that HCC-CAFs induced the activation of STAT3 pathways in neutrophils, which are essential for the survival and function of activated neutrophils. In addition, we demonstrated that HCC-CAF-derived IL6 was responsible for the STAT3 activation of neutrophils. Collectively, our results suggest that HCC-CAFs regulate the survival, activation, and function of neutrophils within HCC through an IL6-STAT3-PDL1 signaling cascade, which presents a novel mechanism for the role of CAFs in remodeling the cancer niche and provides a potential target for HCC therapy.
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150
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Rayes RF, Milette S, Fernandez MC, Ham B, Wang N, Bourdeau F, Perrino S, Yakar S, Brodt P. Loss of neutrophil polarization in colon carcinoma liver metastases of mice with an inducible, liver-specific IGF-I deficiency. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15691-15704. [PMID: 29644002 PMCID: PMC5884657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of cancer metastases in the liver depends on a permissive interaction with the hepatic microenvironment and neutrophils can contribute to this interaction, either positively or negatively, depending on their phenotype. Here we investigated the role of IGF-I in the control of the tumor microenvironment in the liver, using mice with a conditional, liver-specific, IGF-I deficiency (iLID) induced by a single tamoxifen injection. In mice that had a sustained (3 weeks) IGF-I deficiency prior to the intrasplenic/portal inoculation of colon carcinoma MC-38 cells, we observed an increase in neutrophil accumulation in the liver relative to controls. However, unlike controls, these neutrophils did not acquire the (anti-inflammatory) tumor-promoting phenotype, as evidenced by retention of high ICAM-1 expression and nitric oxide production and low CXCR4, CCL5, and VEGF expression and arginase production, all characteristic of the (pro-inflammatory) phenotype. This coincided with an increase in apoptotic tumor cells and reduced metastasis. Neutrophils isolated from these mice also had reduced IGF-IR expression levels. These changes were not observed in iLID mice with a short-term (2 days) IGF-I depletion, despite a 70% reduction in their circulating IGF-I levels, indicating that a sustained IGF-I deficiency was necessary to alter the neutrophil phenotype. Similar results were obtained with the highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma subline H-59 cells and in mice injected with an IGF-Trap that blocks IGF-IR signaling by reducing ligand bioavailability. Our results implicate the IGF axis in neutrophil polarization and the induction of a pro-metastatic microenvironment in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Rayes
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Celia Fernandez
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Boram Ham
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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