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Zhang C, Lv M, Yin W, Dong T, Chang C, Miao Y, Jia Y, Deng Y. Xanthomonas campestris Promotes Diffusible Signal Factor Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity by Utilizing Glucose and Sucrose from Host Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:157-166. [PMID: 30156480 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0187-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate its biological functions and virulence. Our previous study showed that X. campestris pv. campestris utilizes host plant metabolites to enhance the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. However, it is unclear how X. campestris pv. campestris benefits from the metabolic products of the host plant. In this study, we observed that the host plant metabolites not only boosted the production of the DSF family signals but also modulated the expression levels of DSF-regulated genes in X. campestris pv. campestris. Infection with X. campestris pv. campestris induced changes in the expression of many sugar transporter genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous addition of sucrose or glucose, which are the major products of photosynthesis in plants, enhanced DSF signal production and X. campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis model. In addition, several sucrose hydrolase-encoding genes in X. campestris pv. campestris and sucrose invertase-encoding genes in the host plant were notably upregulated during the infection process. These enzymes hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose and fructose, and in trans expression of one of these enzymes, CINV1 of A. thaliana or XC_0805 of X. campestris pv. campestris, enhanced DSF signal biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris in the presence of sucrose. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that X. campestris pv. campestris applies multiple strategies to utilize host plant sugars to enhance QS and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Mingfa Lv
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Wenfang Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Tingyan Dong
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
| | - Changqing Chang
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
| | - Yansong Miao
- 4 School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551; and
| | - Yantao Jia
- 5 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- 2 Guangdong Innovative Research Team of Sociomicrobiology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
- 3 Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University
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102
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yu F, Tang J, Shan X, Bao K, Yu L, Wang H, Fei Z, Li J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of SWEET genes in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) reveal their roles in chilling and clubroot disease responses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:93. [PMID: 30696401 PMCID: PMC6352454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET proteins are a group of sugar transporters that play a role in sugar efflux during a range of biological processes, including stress responses. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the SWEET family genes in Brassica oleracea (BoSWEET), and the evolutionary pattern, phylogenetic relationship, gene characteristics of BoSWEET genes and their expression patterns under biotic and abiotic stresses remain largely unexplored. RESULTS A total of 30 BoSWEET genes were identified and divided into four clades in B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis of the BoSWEET proteins indicated that clade II formed first, followed by clade I, clade IV and clade III, successively. Clade III, the newest clade, shows signs of rapid expansion. The Ks values of the orthologous SWEET gene pairs between B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana ranged from 0.30 to 0.45, which estimated that B. oleracea diverged from A. thaliana approximately 10 to 15 million years ago. Prediction of transmembrane regions showed that eight BoSWEET proteins contain one characteristic MtN3_slv domain, twenty-one contain two, and one has four. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that five BoSWEET genes from clades III and IV exhibited reduced expression levels under chilling stress. Additionally, the expression levels of six BoSWEET genes were up-regulated in roots of a clubroot-susceptible cabbage cultivar (CS-JF1) at 7 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae compared with uninoculated plants, indicating that these genes may play important roles in transporting sugars into sink roots associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis of a subset of BoSWEET proteins indicated that they are localized in the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in B. oleracea and other species, and represents the first study to characterize phylogenetic relationship, gene structures and expression patterns of the BoSWEET genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of BoSWEET genes, as well as potential candidate BoSWEET genes that promote sugar transport to enhance chilling tolerance and clubroot disease resistance in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Shan
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
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103
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Hu B, Huang W, Dong L, Liu S, Zhou Y. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a sugar transporter gene (CsTST2) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1555011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liaoliao Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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104
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Allocation Mechanisms of Non-Structural Carbohydrates of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings in Response to Drought and Waterlogging. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is likely to lead to an increased frequency of droughts and floods, both of which are implicated in large-scale carbon allocation and tree mortality worldwide. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play an important role in tree survival under stress, but how NSC allocation changes in response to drought or waterlogging is still unclear. We measured soluble sugars (SS) and starch in leaves, twigs, stems and roots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings that had been subjected to a gradient in soil water availability from extreme drought to waterlogged conditions for a period of 30 days. Starch concentrations decreased and SS concentrations increased in tissues of R. pseudoacacia seedlings, such that the ratio of SS to starch showed a progressive increase under both drought and waterlogging stress. The strength of the response is asymmetric, with the largest increase occurring under extreme drought. While the increase in SS concentration in response to extreme drought is the largest in roots, the increase in the ratio of SS to starch is the largest in leaves. Individual components of SS showed different responses to drought and waterlogging across tissues: glucose concentrations increased significantly with drought in all tissues but showed little response to waterlogging in twigs and stems; sucrose and fructose concentrations showed marked increases in leaves and roots in response to drought but a greater response to drought and waterlogging in stems and twigs. These changes are broadly compatible with the roles of individual SS under conditions of water stress. While it is important to consider the role of NSC in buffering trees against mortality under stress, modelling this behaviour is unlikely to be successful unless it accounts for different responses within organs and the type of stress involved.
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105
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Zhang C, Bian Y, Hou S, Li X. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. PLANTA 2018; 248:1187-1199. [PMID: 30094488 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport, including the symplasmic pathway in plasmodesmata and apoplasmic pathway mediated by sugar transporters, accelerated sugar accumulation in cultivated jujube, while sugar metabolism-related genes played weak roles in jujube domestication. The fruit of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is high in sugar concentration. By contrast, wild type-sour jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu) contains markedly less sugar. It is unknown whether sugar transport or sugar metabolism drove sugar accumulation during jujube domestication. Using a combination of ultrastructural observations, phylogenetic analysis, testing for soluble sugars, and transcriptional analysis, the sugar accumulation mechanism was studied in the developmental stages of cultivated jujube and sour jujube. Our results indicate that the symplasmic transport pathway in plasmodesmata is present in cultivated jujube, but not in sour jujube. Sugar transporter genes have higher frequencies of duplication than sugar metabolism-related genes. Gene expression patterns indicate that sugar transporter genes, especially ZjSUT2, ZjSWEET1, ZjSWEET7, ZjSWEET11, ZjSTP3, and ZjSTP13a, rather than sugar metabolism-related genes showed higher expression levels in cultivated jujube versus sour jujube during fruit sugar accumulation. These findings suggest that sugar transport, including apoplasmic and symplasmic transport, rather than sugar biosynthesis, is associated with the difference in sugar accumulation between jujube and sour jujube, and that it may drive jujube domestication. This study provides valuable genetic information for jujube improvement, and offers new insights into fruit tree domestication related to sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sihao Hou
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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106
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Shammai A, Petreikov M, Yeselson Y, Faigenboim A, Moy-Komemi M, Cohen S, Cohen D, Besaulov E, Efrati A, Houminer N, Bar M, Ast T, Schuldiner M, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus E, Baxter CJ, Rickett D, Bonnet J, White R, Giovannoni JJ, Levin I, Schaffer A. Natural genetic variation for expression of a SWEET transporter among wild species of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) determines the hexose composition of ripening tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:343-357. [PMID: 30044900 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit is a primary determinant of taste and quality. Cultivated tomato fruit are characterized by near-equimolar levels of the hexoses glucose and fructose, derived from the hydrolysis of translocated sucrose. As fructose is perceived as approximately twice as sweet as glucose, increasing its concentration at the expense of glucose can improve tomato fruit taste. Introgressions of the FgrH allele from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (LA1777) into cultivated tomato increased the fructose-to-glucose ratio of the ripe fruit by reducing glucose levels and concomitantly increasing fructose levels. In order to identify the function of the Fgr gene, we combined a fine-mapping strategy with RNAseq differential expression analysis of near-isogenic tomato lines. The results indicated that a SWEET protein was strongly upregulated in the lines with a high fructose-to-glucose ratio. Overexpressing the SWEET protein in transgenic tomato plants dramatically reduced the glucose levels and increased the fructose : glucose ratio in the developing fruit, thereby proving the function of the protein. The SWEET protein was localized to the plasma membrane and expression of the SlFgr gene in a yeast line lacking native hexose transporters complemented growth with glucose, but not with fructose. These results indicate that the SlFgr gene encodes a plasma membrane-localized glucose efflux transporter of the SWEET family, the overexpression of which reduces glucose levels and may allow for increased fructose levels. This article identifies the function of the tomato Fgr gene as a SWEET transporter, the upregulation of which leads to a modified sugar accumulation pattern in the fleshy fruit. The results point to the potential of the inedible wild species to improve fruit sugar accumulation via sugar transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Shammai
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Moy-Komemi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shahar Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dvir Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Besaulov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ari Efrati
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Bar
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | - Tslil Ast
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P A W Klemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Charles J Baxter
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Dan Rickett
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Julien Bonnet
- Syngenta Seed Co., Toulouse Innovation Center, Saint Sauveur, France
| | - Ruth White
- USDA-ARS and Boyce-Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilan Levin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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107
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Pommerrenig B, Ludewig F, Cvetkovic J, Trentmann O, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus HE. In Concert: Orchestrated Changes in Carbohydrate Homeostasis Are Critical for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1290-1299. [PMID: 29444312 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sessile lifestyle of higher plants is accompanied by their remarkable ability to tolerate unfavorable environmental conditions. This is because, during evolution, plants developed a sophisticated repertoire of molecular and metabolic reactions to cope with changing biotic and abiotic challenges. In particular, the abiotic factors light intensity and ambient temperature are characterized by altering their amplitude within comparably short periods of time and are causative for onset of dynamic plant responses. These rapid responses in plants are also classified as 'acclimation reactions' which differ, due to their reversibility and duration, from non-reversible 'adaptation reactions'. In this review, we demonstrate the remarkable importance of stress-induced changes in carbohydrate homeostasis of plants exposed to high light or low temperatures. These changes represent a co-ordinated process comprising modifications of (i) the concentrations of selected sugars; (ii) starch turnover; (iii) intracellular sugar compartmentation; and (iv) corresponding gene expression patterns. The critical importance of these individual processes has been underlined in the recent past by the analyses of a large number of mutant plants. The outcome of these analyses raised our understanding of acclimation processes in plants per se but might even become instrumental to develop new concepts for directed breeding approaches with the aim to increase abiotic stress tolerance of crop species, which in most cases have high stress sensitivity. The latter direction of plant research is of special importance since abiotic stress stimuli strongly impact on crop productivity and are expected to become even more pronounced because of human activities which alter environmental conditions rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jelena Cvetkovic
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- University of Kaiserslautern, Plant Physiology, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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108
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Zhou A, Ma H, Feng S, Gong S, Wang J. DsSWEET17, a Tonoplast-Localized Sugar Transporter from Dianthus spiculifolius, Affects Sugar Metabolism and Confers Multiple Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061564. [PMID: 29794972 PMCID: PMC6032047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) affect the growth of plants by regulating the transport of sugar from source to sink and its intracellular transport between different organelles. In this study, DsSWEET17 from Dianthus spiculifolius was identified and characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of DsSWEET17 was affected by exogenous application of fructose and glucose as well as under salt, osmotic, and oxidation stress. Colocalization experiments showed that the DsSWEET17-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein was localized to the FM4-64-labeled tonoplasts in Arabidopsis. Compared to the wild type, the transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing DsSWEET17 had longer roots, greater fresh weight, and a faster root growth upon exogenous application of fructose. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings had significantly higher fructose accumulation than was observed for the wild-type seedlings. The analysis of root length revealed that transgenic Arabidopsis had higher tolerance to salt, osmotic, and oxidative stresses. Taken together, our results suggest that DsSWEET17 may be a tonoplast sugar transporter, and its overexpression affects sugar metabolism and confers multiple stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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109
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Binenbaum J, Weinstain R, Shani E. Gibberellin Localization and Transport in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:410-421. [PMID: 29530380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Distribution patterns and finely-tuned concentration gradients of plant hormones govern plant growth and development. Gibberellin (GA) is a plant hormone regulating key processes in plants; many of them are of significant agricultural importance, such as seed germination, root and shoot elongation, flowering, and fruit patterning. Although studies have demonstrated that GA movement is essential for multiple developmental aspects, how GAs are transported throughout the plant and where exactly they accumulate remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize recent findings from studies of GA movement and localization, and discuss the importance of GA intermediates in long- and short-distance movement. We further review recently identified Arabidopsis GA transporters and highlight their complex specialization and robust functional redundancy in GA transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenia Binenbaum
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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110
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Desnoues E, Génard M, Quilot-Turion B, Baldazzi V. A kinetic model of sugar metabolism in peach fruit reveals a functional hypothesis of a markedly low fructose-to-glucose ratio phenotype. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29543354 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of sugars in fruit vary with fruit development, environment and genotype. In general, there were weak correlations between the variations in sugar concentrations and the activities of enzymes directly related with the synthesis or degradation of sugars. This finding suggests that the relationships between enzyme activities and metabolites are often non-linear and are difficult to assess. To simulate the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol during the development of peach fruit, a kinetic model of sugar metabolism was developed by taking advantage of recent profiling data. Cell compartmentation (cytosol and vacuole) was described explicitly, and data-driven enzyme activities were used to parameterize equations. The model correctly accounts for both annual and genotypic variations, which were observed in 10 genotypes derived from an interspecific cross. They provided important information on the mechanisms underlying the specification of phenotypic differences. In particular, the model supports the hypothesis that a difference in fructokinase affinity could be responsible for a low fructose-to-glucose ratio phenotype, which was observed in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Desnoues
- UR1115, PSH, INRA, 84914, Avignon, France
- UR1052, GAFL, INRA, 84143, Montfavet, France
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111
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Bezrutczyk M, Hartwig T, Horschman M, Char SN, Yang J, Yang B, Frommer WB, Sosso D. Impaired phloem loading in zmsweet13a,b,c sucrose transporter triple knock-out mutants in Zea mays. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:594-603. [PMID: 29451311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield depends on efficient allocation of sucrose from leaves to seeds. In Arabidopsis, phloem loading is mediated by a combination of SWEET sucrose effluxers and subsequent uptake by SUT1/SUC2 sucrose/H+ symporters. ZmSUT1 is essential for carbon allocation in maize, but the relative contribution to apoplasmic phloem loading and retrieval of sucrose leaking from the translocation path is not known. Here we analysed the contribution of SWEETs to phloem loading in maize. We identified three leaf-expressed SWEET sucrose transporters as key components of apoplasmic phloem loading in Zea mays L. ZmSWEET13 paralogues (a, b, c) are among the most highly expressed genes in the leaf vasculature. Genome-edited triple knock-out mutants were severely stunted. Photosynthesis of mutants was impaired and leaves accumulated high levels of soluble sugars and starch. RNA-seq revealed profound transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses may indicate that variability in ZmSWEET13s correlates with agronomical traits, especifically flowering time and leaf angle. This work provides support for cooperation of three ZmSWEET13s with ZmSUT1 in phloem loading in Z. mays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marc Horschman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Si Nian Char
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Davide Sosso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Zhou A, Ma H, Feng S, Gong S, Wang J. A Novel Sugar Transporter from Dianthus spiculifolius, DsSWEET12, Affects Sugar Metabolism and Confers Osmotic and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020497. [PMID: 29414886 PMCID: PMC5855719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) play a role in plant growth and plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, DsSWEET12 from Dianthus spiculifolius was identified and characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that DsSWEET12 expression was induced by sucrose starvation, mannitol, and hydrogen peroxide. Colocalization experiment showed that the DsSWEET12-GFP fusion protein was localized to the plasma membrane, which was labeled with FM4-64 dye, in Arabidopsis and suspension cells of D. spiculifolius. Compared to wild type plants, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing DsSWEET12 have longer roots and have a greater fresh weight, which depends on sucrose content. Furthermore, a relative root length analysis showed that transgenic Arabidopsis showed higher tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses. Finally, a sugar content analysis showed that the sucrose content in transgenic Arabidopsis was less than that in the wild type, while fructose and glucose contents were higher than those in the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that DsSWEET12 plays an important role in seedling growth and plant response to osmotic and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis by influencing sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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113
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Bezrutczyk M, Yang J, Eom JS, Prior M, Sosso D, Hartwig T, Szurek B, Oliva R, Vera-Cruz C, White FF, Yang B, Frommer WB. Sugar flux and signaling in plant-microbe interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:675-685. [PMID: 29160592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeders have developed crop plants that are resistant to pests, but the continual evolution of pathogens creates the need to iteratively develop new control strategies. Molecular tools have allowed us to gain deep insights into disease responses, allowing for more efficient, rational engineering of crops that are more robust or resistant to a greater number of pathogen variants. Here we describe the roles of SWEET and STP transporters, membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars across the plasma membrane. We discuss how these transporters may enhance or restrict disease through controlling the level of nutrients provided to pathogens and whether the transporters play a role in sugar signaling for disease resistance. This review indicates open questions that require further research and proposes the use of genome editing technologies for engineering disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Jungil Yang
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Joon-Seob Eom
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthew Prior
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Davide Sosso
- Inari Agriculture Inc., 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Hartwig
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Boris Szurek
- IRD, Cirad, University of Montpellier, BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Casiana Vera-Cruz
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 1449 Fifield Hall, 2550 Hull Road, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universiätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
- Institute for Transformative Biomolecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, JapanITbM Building 6F, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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114
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Cheng J, Wen S, Xiao S, Lu B, Ma M, Bie Z. Overexpression of the tonoplast sugar transporter CmTST2 in melon fruit increases sugar accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:511-523. [PMID: 29309616 PMCID: PMC5853577 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are an important part of the human diet and sugar content is a major criterion used to evaluate fruit quality. Melon fruit accumulate high sugar concentrations during their development; however, the mechanism through which these sugars are transported into the vacuoles of fruit cells for storage remains unclear. In this study, three tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), CmTST1, CmTST2, and CmTST3, were isolated from melon plants. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that all these proteins were targeted to the tonoplast, and evaluation of spatial expression and promoter-GUS activity indicated that they had different expression patterns in the plant. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results indicated that CmTST2 exhibited the highest expression level among the TST isoforms during melon fruit development. Histochemical and immunohistochemistry localization experiments were performed to identify the tissue- and cell-type localization of CmTST2 in the fruit, and the results indicated that both its transcription and translation were in the mesocarp and vascular cells. Overexpressing the CmTST2 gene in strawberry fruit and cucumber plants by transient expression and stable transformation, respectively, both increased sucrose, fructose, and glucose accumulation in the fruit. The results indicate that CmTST2 plays an important role in sugar accumulation in melon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Suying Wen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingru Ma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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The Role of Sugar Transporter Genes during Early Infection by Root-Knot Nematodes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010302. [PMID: 29351253 PMCID: PMC5796247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pathogens such as nematodes are known to hijack nutrients from host plants, the mechanisms whereby nematodes obtain sugars from plants remain largely unknown. To determine the effects of nematode infection on host plant sugar allocation, soluble sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) content was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection and was found to increase significantly in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl) leaves and roots during early infection by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). To further analyze whether sugar transporters played a role in this process, the expression levels of sucrose transporter (SUT/SUC), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (TMT), and vacuolar glucose transporter (VGT) gene family members were examined by qRT-PCR analysis after RKN infection. The results showed that three SlSUTs, 17 SlSWEETs, three SlTMTs, and SlVGT1 were upregulated in the leaves, whereas three SlSUTs, 17 SlSWEETs, two SlTMTs, and SlVGT1 were induced in the roots. To determine the function of the sugar transporters in the RKN infection process, we examined post-infection responses in the Atsuc2 mutant and pAtSUC2-GUS lines. β-glucuronidase expression was strongly induced at the infection sites, and RKN development was significantly arrested in the Atsuc2 mutant. Taken together, our analyses provide useful information for understanding the sugar transporter responses during early infection by RKNs in tomato.
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116
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Functional and evolution characterization of SWEET sugar transporters in Ananas comosus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:407-414. [PMID: 29307830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are a group of recently identified sugar transporters in plants that play important roles in diverse physiological processes. However, currently, limited information about this gene family is available in pineapple (Ananas comosus). The availability of the recently released pineapple genome sequence provides the opportunity to identify SWEET genes in a Bromeliaceae family member at the genome level. In this study, 39 pineapple SWEET genes were identified in two pineapple cultivars (18 AnfSWEET and 21 AnmSWEET) and further phylogenetically classified into five clades. A phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary paths for the SWEET genes of the two pineapple cultivars. The MD2 cultivar might have experienced a different expansion than the F153 cultivar because two additional duplications exist, which separately gave rise to clades III and IV. A gene exon/intron structure analysis showed that the pineapple SWEET genes contained highly conserved exon/intron numbers. An analysis of public RNA-seq data and expression profiling showed that SWEET genes may be involved in fruit development and ripening processes. AnmSWEET5 and AnmSWEET11 were highly expressed in the early stages of pineapple fruit development and then decreased. The study increases the understanding of the roles of SWEET genes in pineapple.
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117
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Zhen Q, Fang T, Peng Q, Liao L, Zhao L, Owiti A, Han Y. Developing gene-tagged molecular markers for evaluation of genetic association of apple SWEET genes with fruit sugar accumulation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29581882 PMCID: PMC5859117 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugar content is an important component of fruit quality. Although sugar transporters are known to be crucial for sugar accumulation, the role of genes encoding SWEET sugar transporters in fruit sugar accumulation remains elusive. Here we report the effect of the SWEET genes on fruit sugar accumulation in apple. A total of 25 MdSWEET genes were identified in the apple genome, and 9 were highly expressed throughout fruit development. Molecular markers of these 9 MdSWEET genes were developed and used for genotyping of 188 apple cultivars. The association of polymorphic MdSWEET genes with soluble sugar content in mature fruit was analyzed. Three genes, MdSWEET2e, MdSWEET9b, and MdSWEET15a, were significantly associated with fruit sugar content, with MdSWEET15a and MdSWEET9b accounting for a relatively large proportion of phenotypic variation in sugar content. Moreover, both MdSWEET9b and MdSWEET15a are located on chromosomal regions harboring QTLs for sugar content. Hence, MdSWEET9b and MdSWEET15a are likely candidates regulating fruit sugar accumulation in apple. Our study not only presents an efficient way of implementing gene functional study but also provides molecular tools for genetic improvement of fruit quality in apple-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Liao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Albert Owiti
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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118
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Veillet F, Gaillard C, Lemonnier P, Coutos-Thévenot P, La Camera S. The molecular dialogue between Arabidopsis thaliana and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea leads to major changes in host carbon metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17121. [PMID: 29215097 PMCID: PMC5719352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoassimilates play crucial roles during plant-pathogen interactions, as colonizing pathogens rely on the supply of sugars from hosts. The competition for sugar acquisition at the plant-pathogen interface involves different strategies from both partners which are critical for the outcome of the interaction. Here, we dissect individual mechanisms of sugar uptake during the interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea using millicell culture insert, that enables molecular communication without physical contact. We demonstrate that B. cinerea is able to actively absorb glucose and fructose with equal capacities. Challenged Arabidopsis cells compete for extracellular monosaccharides through transcriptional reprogramming of host sugar transporter genes and activation of a complex sugar uptake system which displays differential specificity and affinity for hexoses. We provide evidence that the molecular dialogue between Arabidopsis cells and B. cinerea triggers major changes in host metabolism, including apoplastic sucrose degradation and consumption of carbohydrates and oxygen, suggesting an enhanced activity of the glycolysis and the cellular respiration. We conclude that beside a role in sugar deprivation of the pathogen by competing for sugar availability in the apoplast, the enhanced uptake of hexoses also contributes to sustain the increased activity of respiratory metabolism to fuel plant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veillet
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "SEVE-Sucres et Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Gaillard
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "SEVE-Sucres et Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Pauline Lemonnier
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "SEVE-Sucres et Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073, Poitiers, France
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Pierre Coutos-Thévenot
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "SEVE-Sucres et Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Sylvain La Camera
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "SEVE-Sucres et Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073, Poitiers, France.
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119
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Wai CM, VanBuren R, Zhang J, Huang L, Miao W, Edger PP, Yim WC, Priest HD, Meyers BC, Mockler T, Smith JAC, Cushman JC, Ming R. Temporal and spatial transcriptomic and microRNA dynamics of CAM photosynthesis in pineapple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:19-30. [PMID: 28670834 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The altered carbon assimilation pathway of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis results in an up to 80% higher water-use efficiency than C3 photosynthesis in plants making it a potentially useful pathway for engineering crop plants with improved drought tolerance. Here we surveyed detailed temporal (diel time course) and spatial (across a leaf gradient) gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the obligate CAM plant pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]. The high-resolution transcriptome atlas allowed us to distinguish between CAM-related and non-CAM gene copies. A differential gene co-expression network across green and white leaf diel datasets identified genes with circadian oscillation, CAM-related functions, and source-sink relations. Gene co-expression clusters containing CAM pathway genes are enriched with clock-associated cis-elements, suggesting circadian regulation of CAM. About 20% of pineapple microRNAs have diel expression patterns, with several that target key CAM-related genes. Expression and physiology data provide a model for CAM-specific carbohydrate flux and long-distance hexose transport. Together these resources provide a list of candidate genes for targeted engineering of CAM into C3 photosynthesis crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching M Wai
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Robert VanBuren
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lixian Huang
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjing Miao
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Won C Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Henry D Priest
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Todd Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Andrew C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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120
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Julius BT, Leach KA, Tran TM, Mertz RA, Braun DM. Sugar Transporters in Plants: New Insights and Discoveries. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1442-1460. [PMID: 28922744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate partitioning is the process of carbon assimilation and distribution from source tissues, such as leaves, to sink tissues, such as stems, roots and seeds. Sucrose, the primary carbohydrate transported long distance in many plant species, is loaded into the phloem and unloaded into distal sink tissues. However, many factors, both genetic and environmental, influence sucrose metabolism and transport. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of sugar transporters and sucrose metabolic enzymes is key to improving agriculture. In this review, we highlight recent findings that (i) address the path of phloem loading of sucrose in rice and maize leaves; (ii) discuss the phloem unloading pathways in stems and roots and the sugar transporters putatively involved; (iii) describe how heat and drought stress impact carbohydrate partitioning and phloem transport; (iv) shed light on how plant pathogens hijack sugar transporters to obtain carbohydrates for pathogen survival, and how the plant employs sugar transporters to defend against pathogens; and (v) discuss novel roles for sugar transporters in plant biology. These exciting discoveries and insights provide valuable knowledge that will ultimately help mitigate the impending societal challenges due to global climate change and a growing population by improving crop yield and enhancing renewable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Julius
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristen A Leach
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thu M Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
| | - Rachel A Mertz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Plant Imaging Consortium, USA
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121
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Genome-wide analyses of SWEET family proteins reveal involvement in fruit development and abiotic/biotic stress responses in banana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3536. [PMID: 28615718 PMCID: PMC5471243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) are a novel type of sugar transporter that plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. From banana, for the first time, 25 SWEET genes which could be classified into four subfamilies were identified. Majority of MaSWEETs in each subfamily shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two banana genotypes revealed differential expression patterns of MaSWEETs in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development and ripening, and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. More than 80% MaSWEETs were highly expressed in BaXi Jiao (BX, Musa acuminata AAA group, cv. Cavendish), in sharp contrast to Fen Jiao (FJ, M. acuminata AAB group) when pseudostem was first emerged. However, MaSWEETs in FJ showed elevated expression under cold, drought, salt, and fungal disease stresses, but not in BX. Interaction networks and co-expression assays further revealed that MaSWEET-mediated networks participate in fruit development signaling and abiotic/biotic stresses, which was strongly activated during early stage of fruit development in BX. This study provides new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of SWEETs, as well as numerous candidate genes that promote early sugar transport to improve fruit quality and enhance stress resistance in banana.
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122
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Leach KA, Tran TM, Slewinski TL, Meeley RB, Braun DM. Sucrose transporter2 contributes to maize growth, development, and crop yield. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:390-408. [PMID: 28206710 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During daylight, plants produce excess photosynthates, including sucrose, which is temporarily stored in the vacuole. At night, plants remobilize sucrose to sustain metabolism and growth. Based on homology to other sucrose transporter (SUT) proteins, we hypothesized the maize (Zea mays) SUCROSE TRANSPORTER2 (ZmSUT2) protein functions as a sucrose/H+ symporter on the vacuolar membrane to export transiently stored sucrose. To understand the biological role of ZmSut2, we examined its spatial and temporal gene expression, determined the protein subcellular localization, and characterized loss-of-function mutations. ZmSut2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed and exhibited diurnal cycling in transcript abundance. Expressing a translational fusion of ZmSUT2 fused to a red fluorescent protein in maize mesophyll cell protoplasts revealed that the protein localized to the tonoplast. Under field conditions, zmsut2 mutant plants grew slower, possessed smaller tassels and ears, and produced fewer kernels when compared to wild-type siblings. zmsut2 mutants also accumulated two-fold more sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as starch in source leaves compared to wild type. These findings suggest (i) ZmSUT2 functions to remobilize sucrose out of the vacuole for subsequent use in growing tissues; and (ii) its function provides an important contribution to maize development and agronomic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Leach
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Thu M Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Thomas L Slewinski
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Robert B Meeley
- DuPont Pioneer Research & Development, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 USA
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Characterization of a disease susceptibility locus for exploring an efficient way to improve rice resistance against bacterial blight. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:298-306. [PMID: 28251460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the most harmful bacterial disease of rice worldwide. Previously, we characterized major disease resistance (MR) gene xa25, which confers race-specific resistance to Xoo strain PXO339. The xa25 is a recessive allele of the SWEET13 locus, but SWEET13's interaction with PXO339 and how efficiently using this locus for rice breeding still need to be defined. Here we show that the SWEET13 allele from rice Zhenshan 97 is a susceptibility gene to PXO339. Using this allele's promoter to regulate xa25 resulted in disease, suggesting that the promoter is a key determinant in SWEET13 caused disease in Zhanshan 97 after PXO339 infection. PXO339 transcriptionally induces SWEET13 to cause disease. Partial suppressing SWEET13 expression leads to a high level of resistance to PXO339. Thus, the transcriptionally suppressed SWEET13 functions as xa25 in resistance to PXO339. Hybrid rice is widely grown in many countries. However, recessive MR genes have not been efficiently used for disease resistance breeding in hybrid rice production for both parents of the hybrid have to carry the same recessive gene. However, the suppressed SWEET13 functions dominantly, which will have advantage to improve the resistance of hybrid rice to xa25-incomptible Xoo.
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Li Y, Feng S, Ma S, Sui X, Zhang Z. Spatiotemporal Expression and Substrate Specificity Analysis of the Cucumber SWEET Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1855. [PMID: 29163584 PMCID: PMC5664084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins have been studied in a number of crops, but little is known about their roles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a model plant for studying stachyose metabolism and phloem function. Here, we identified 17 cucumber SWEET genes (CsSWEETs), located on chromosomes 1-6, and classified them into four clades. Two genes from each clade were selected for spatiotemporal expression, subcellular localization, and substrate specificity analyses. Clade I and II proteins were all hexose transporters and targeted to the plasma membrane, while clade III proteins also localized to the plasma membrane, but used sucrose as a substrate. Clade IV SWEET proteins were localized to the tonoplast, and used hexose as a substrate. The eight tested CsSWEET genes were most highly expressed in flower, which represents a large sink in plants. However, each gene also showed specific expression patterns: three of the eight tested genes were highly expressed in mature leaves, two in roots, two in fruit, two in stems, and one was detected in all tested organs. The likely biological roles of each are discussed based on the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaolei Sui
- *Correspondence: Zhenxian Zhang, Xiaolei Sui,
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125
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Jia B, Zhu XF, Pu ZJ, Duan YX, Hao LJ, Zhang J, Chen LQ, Jeon CO, Xuan YH. Integrative View of the Diversity and Evolution of SWEET and SemiSWEET Sugar Transporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2178. [PMID: 29326750 PMCID: PMC5742349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) and SemiSWEET are recently characterized families of sugar transporters in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively. SemiSWEETs contain 3 transmembrane helices (TMHs), while SWEETs contain 7. Here, we performed sequence-based comprehensive analyses for SWEETs and SemiSWEETs across the biosphere. In total, 3,249 proteins were identified and ≈60% proteins were found in green plants and Oomycota, which include a number of important plant pathogens. Protein sequence similarity networks indicate that proteins from different organisms are significantly clustered. Of note, SemiSWEETs with 3 or 4 TMHs that may fuse to SWEET were identified in plant genomes. 7-TMH SWEETs were found in bacteria, implying that SemiSWEET can be fused directly in prokaryote. 15-TMH extraSWEET and 25-TMH superSWEET were also observed in wild rice and oomycetes, respectively. The transporters can be classified into 4, 2, 2, and 2 clades in plants, Metazoa, unicellular eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, respectively. The consensus and coevolution of amino acids in SWEETs were identified by multiple sequence alignments. The functions of the highly conserved residues were analyzed by molecular dynamics analysis. The 19 most highly conserved residues in the SWEETs were further confirmed by point mutagenesis using SWEET1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The results proved that the conserved residues located in the extrafacial gate (Y57, G58, G131, and P191), the substrate binding pocket (N73, N192, and W176), and the intrafacial gate (P43, Y83, F87, P145, M161, P162, and Q202) play important roles for substrate recognition and transport processes. Taken together, our analyses provide a foundation for understanding the diversity, classification, and evolution of SWEETs and SemiSWEETs using large-scale sequence analysis and further show that gene duplication and gene fusion are important factors driving the evolution of SWEETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Baolei Jia
| | - Xiao Feng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong Ji Pu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Xi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Jiang Hao
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Che Ok Jeon
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Yuan Hu Xuan
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126
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Kanno Y, Oikawa T, Chiba Y, Ishimaru Y, Shimizu T, Sano N, Koshiba T, Kamiya Y, Ueda M, Seo M. AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 regulate gibberellin-mediated physiological processes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13245. [PMID: 27782132 PMCID: PMC5095183 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of plant hormones is required for plant growth and development. Despite reports of a number of proteins that can transport the plant hormone gibberellin (GA), the mechanistic basis for GA transport and the identities of the transporters involved remain incomplete. Here, we provide evidence that Arabidopsis SWEET proteins, AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14, which are members of a family that had previously been linked to sugar transport, are able to mediate cellular GA uptake when expressed in yeast and oocytes. A double sweet13 sweet14 mutant has a defect in anther dehiscence and this phenotype can be reversed by exogenous GA treatment. In addition, sweet13 sweet14 exhibits altered long distant transport of exogenously applied GA and altered responses to GA during germination and seedling stages. These results suggest that AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 may be involved in modulating GA response in Arabidopsis. SWEET proteins are known to function as sugar transporters. Here, Kanno et al. show that Arabidopsis SWEET13 and SWEET14 are also able to transport the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) in heterologous systems and that sweet mutants display phenotypes consistent with altered GA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaya Oikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoto Sano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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127
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Zhao F, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wang W, Yang H, Tai F, Li C, Hu X. The Difference of Physiological and Proteomic Changes in Maize Leaves Adaptation to Drought, Heat, and Combined Both Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1471. [PMID: 27833614 PMCID: PMC5080359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
At the eight-leaf stage, maize is highly sensitive to stresses such as drought, heat, and their combination, which greatly affect its yield. At present, few studies have analyzed maize response to combined drought and heat stress at the eight-leaf stage. In this study, we measured certain physical parameters of maize at the eight-leaf stage when it was exposed to drought, heat, and their combination. The results showed an increase in the content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), but a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII). The most obvious increase or decrease in physical parameters was found under the combined stress condition. Moreover, to identify proteins differentially regulated by the three stress conditions at the eight-leaf stage, total proteins from the maize leaves were identified and quantified using multiplex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. In summary, the expression levels of 135, 65, and 201 proteins were significantly changed under the heat, drought and combined stress conditions, respectively. Of the 135, 65, and 201 differentially expressed proteins, 61, 28, and 16 responded exclusively to drought stress, heat stress, and combined stress, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis implied that chaperone proteins and proteases play important roles in the adaptive response of maize to heat stress and combined stress, and that the leaf senescence promoted by ethylene-responsive protein and ripening-related protein may play active roles in maize tolerance to combined drought and heat stress. The signaling pathways related to differentially expressed proteins were obviously different under all three stress conditions. Thus, the functional characterization of these differentially expressed proteins will be helpful for discovering new targets to enhance maize tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Fuju Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
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128
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Arnault I, Lombarkia N, Joy-Ondet S, Romet L, Brahim I, Meradi R, Nasri A, Auger J, Derridj S. Foliar application of microdoses of sucrose to reduce codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to apple trees. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1901-1909. [PMID: 26757395 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of foliar applications of microdoses of sucrose to reduce the damage by the codling moth have been reported from nine trials carried in France and Algeria from 2009 to 2014. The activity of sucrose alone was assessed by comparison with an untreated control and some treatments with the Cydia pomonella granulovirus or a chemical insecticide. The addition of sucrose to these different treatments was also investigated. RESULTS The application of sucrose at 0.01% reduced the means of infested fruits with a value of Abbott's efficacy of 41.0 ± 10.0%. This involved the induction of resistance by antixenosis to insect egg laying. Indeed, it seems that acceptance of egg laying on leaves treated with sucrose was reduced. The addition of sucrose to thiacloprid improved its efficacy (59.5% ± 12.8) by 18.4%. However, the sucrose had no added value when associated with C. pomonella granulovirus treatments. CONCLUSION Foliar applications of microdoses of sucrose every 20 days in commercial orchards can partially protect against the codling moth. Its addition to thiacloprid increases the efficacy in integrated control strategies, contrary to C. pomonella granulovirus treatments. This work opens a route for the development of new biocontrol strategies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Arnault
- CETU Innophyt, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nadia Lombarkia
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | | | - Lionel Romet
- Coopérative Agricole Provence Languedoc, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Imene Brahim
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Rahma Meradi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Ardjouna Nasri
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Jacques Auger
- IRBI, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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Prezelj N, Covington E, Roitsch T, Gruden K, Fragner L, Weckwerth W, Chersicola M, Vodopivec M, Dermastia M. Metabolic Consequences of Infection of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. "Modra frankinja" with Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:711. [PMID: 27242887 PMCID: PMC4876132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavescence dorée, caused by the quarantine phytoplasma FDp, represents the most devastating of the grapevine yellows diseases in Europe. In an integrated study we have explored the FDp-grapevine interaction in infected grapevines of cv. "Modra frankinja" under natural conditions in the vineyard. In FDp-infected leaf vein-enriched tissues, the seasonal transcriptional profiles of 14 genes selected from various metabolic pathways showed an FDp-specific plant response compared to other grapevine yellows and uncovered a new association of the SWEET17a vacuolar transporter of fructose with pathogens. Non-targeted metabolome analysis from leaf vein-enriched tissues identified 22 significantly changed compounds with increased levels during infection. Several metabolites corroborated the gene expression study. Detailed investigation of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism revealed significant accumulation of sucrose and starch in the mesophyll of FDp-infected leaves, as well as significant up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. In addition, infected leaves had high activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and, more significantly, sucrose synthase. The data support the conclusion that FDp infection inhibits phloem transport, resulting in accumulation of carbohydrates and secondary metabolites that provoke a source-sink transition and defense response status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Prezelj
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elizabeth Covington
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenTaastrup, Denmark
- Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, v.v.i.Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Marko Chersicola
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate SchoolLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Vodopivec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Dermastia
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of BiologyLjubljana, Slovenia
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Mazzei P, Vinale F, Woo SL, Pascale A, Lorito M, Piccolo A. Metabolomics by Proton High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Tomato Plants Treated with Two Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Trichoderma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3538-45. [PMID: 27088924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma fungi release 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and harzianic acid (2) secondary metabolites to improve plant growth and health protection. We isolated metabolites 1 and 2 from Trichoderma strains, whose different concentrations were used to treat seeds of Solanum lycopersicum. The metabolic profile in the resulting 15 day old tomato leaves was studied by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy directly on the whole samples without any preliminary extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of HRMAS NMR showed significantly enhanced acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content accompanied by variable amount of amino acids in samples treated with both Trichoderma secondary metabolites. Seed germination rates, seedling fresh weight, and the metabolome of tomato leaves were also dependent upon doses of metabolites 1 and 2 treatments. HRMAS NMR spectroscopy was proven to represent a rapid and reliable technique for evaluating specific changes in the metabolome of plant leaves and calibrating the best concentration of bioactive compounds required to stimulate plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Pascale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Città Metropolitana di Napoli, Italy
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131
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Tian Z, Li J. AtSWEET4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24563. [PMID: 27102826 PMCID: PMC4840376 DOI: 10.1038/srep24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. In the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (SE/CC) and phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs) during the process of long-distance transport. The competition for sugar acquisition between SE/CC and adjoining PPCs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. YFP-tagged AtSWEET4 protein is localized in the plasma membrane, and PromoterAtSWEET4-GUS analysis showed that AtSWEET4 is expressed in the stele of roots and veins of leaves and flowers. Overexpression of AtSWEET4 in Arabidopsis increases plant size and accumulates more glucose and fructose. By contrast, knock-down of AtSWEET4 by RNA-interference leads to small plant size, reduction in glucose and fructose contents, chlorosis in the leaf vein network, and reduction in chlorophyll content in leaves. Yeast assays demonstrated that AtSWEET4 is able to complement both fructose and glucose transport deficiency. Transgenic plants of AtSWEET4 overexpression exhibit higher freezing tolerance and support more growth of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. We conclude that AtSWEET4 plays an important role in mediating sugar transport in axial tissues during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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132
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Manck-Götzenberger J, Requena N. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Symbiosis Induces a Major Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Potato SWEET Sugar Transporter Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:487. [PMID: 27148312 PMCID: PMC4830831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotrophic microbes feeding on plants must obtain carbon from their hosts without killing the cells. The symbiotic Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonizing plant roots do so by inducing major transcriptional changes in the host that ultimately also reprogram the whole carbon partitioning of the plant. AM fungi obtain carbohydrates from the root cortex apoplast, in particular from the periarbuscular space that surrounds arbuscules. However, the mechanisms by which cortical cells export sugars into the apoplast for fungal nutrition are unknown. Recently a novel type of sugar transporter, the SWEET, able to perform not only uptake but also efflux from cells was identified. Plant SWEETs have been shown to be involved in the feeding of pathogenic microbes and are, therefore, good candidates to play a similar role in symbiotic associations. Here we have carried out the first phylogenetic and expression analyses of the potato SWEET family and investigated its role during mycorrhiza symbiosis. The potato genome contains 35 SWEETs that cluster into the same four clades defined in Arabidopsis. Colonization of potato roots by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis imposes major transcriptional rewiring of the SWEET family involving, only in roots, changes in 22 of the 35 members. None of the SWEETs showed mycorrhiza-exclusive induction and most of the 12 induced genes belong to the putative hexose transporters of clade I and II, while only two are putative sucrose transporters from clade III. In contrast, most of the repressed transcripts (10) corresponded to clade III SWEETs. Promoter-reporter assays for three of the induced genes, each from one cluster, showed re-localization of expression to arbuscule-containing cells, supporting a role for SWEETs in the supply of sugars at biotrophic interfaces. The complex transcriptional regulation of SWEETs in roots in response to AM fungal colonization supports a model in which symplastic sucrose in cortical cells could be cleaved in the cytoplasm by sucrose synthases or cytoplasmic invertases and effluxed as glucose, but also directly exported as sucrose and then converted into glucose and fructose by cell wall-bound invertases. Precise biochemical, physiological and molecular analyses are now required to profile the role of each potato SWEET in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
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133
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Cirilli M, Bassi D, Ciacciulli A. Sugars in peach fruit: a breeding perspective. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:15067. [PMID: 26816618 PMCID: PMC4720000 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been characterized by a decrease in peach (Prunus persica) fruit consumption in many countries, foremost due to unsatisfactory quality. The sugar content is one of the most important quality traits perceived by consumers, and the development of novel peach cultivars with sugar-enhanced content is a primary objective of breeding programs to revert the market inertia. Nevertheless, the progress reachable through classical phenotypic selection is limited by the narrow genetic bases of peach breeding material and by the complex quantitative nature of the trait, which is deeply affected by environmental conditions and agronomical management. The development of molecular markers applicable in MAS or MAB has become an essential strategy to boost the selection efficiency. Despite the enormous advances in 'omics' sciences, providing powerful tools for plant genotyping, the identification of the genetic bases of sugar-related traits is hindered by the lack of adequate phenotyping methods that are able to address strong within-plant variability. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the metabolic pathways and physiological mechanisms regulating sugar accumulation in peach fruit, the main advances in phenotyping approaches and genetic background, and finally addressing new research priorities and prospective for breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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134
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Feng CY, Han JX, Han XX, Jiang J. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of the SWEET gene family in tomato. Gene 2015; 573:261-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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135
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Le Hir R, Spinner L, Klemens PAW, Chakraborti D, de Marco F, Vilaine F, Wolff N, Lemoine R, Porcheron B, Géry C, Téoulé E, Chabout S, Mouille G, Neuhaus HE, Dinant S, Bellini C. Disruption of the Sugar Transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 Affects Vascular Development and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1687-90. [PMID: 26358680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Lara Spinner
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, D-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federica de Marco
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nelly Wolff
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Carine Géry
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Evelyne Téoulé
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Salem Chabout
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000 Versailles, France; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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136
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Chen HY, Huh JH, Yu YC, Ho LH, Chen LQ, Tholl D, Frommer WB, Guo WJ. The Arabidopsis vacuolar sugar transporter SWEET2 limits carbon sequestration from roots and restricts Pythium infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:1046-58. [PMID: 26234706 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots secrete a significant portion of their assimilated carbon into the rhizosphere. The putative sugar transporter SWEET2 is highly expressed in Arabidopsis roots. Expression patterns of SWEET2-β-glucuronidase fusions confirmed that SWEET2 accumulates highly in root cells and thus may contribute to sugar secretion, specifically from epidermal cells of the root apex. SWEET2-green fluorescent protein fusions localized to the tonoplast, which engulfs the major sugar storage compartment. Functional analysis of SWEET2 activity in yeast showed low uptake activity for the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose, consistent with a role in the transport of glucose across the tonoplast. Loss-of-function sweet2 mutants showed reduced tolerance to excess glucose, lower glucose accumulation in leaves, and 15-25% higher glucose-derived carbon efflux from roots, suggesting that SWEET2 has a role in preventing the loss of sugar from root tissue. SWEET2 root expression was induced more than 10-fold during Pythium infection. Importantly, sweet2 mutants were more susceptible to the oomycete, showing impaired growth after infection. We propose that root-expressed vacuolar SWEET2 modulates sugar secretion, possibly by reducing the availability of glucose sequestered in the vacuole, thereby limiting carbon loss to the rhizosphere. Moreover, the reduced availability of sugar in the rhizosphere due to SWEET2 activity contributes to resistance to Pythium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Tropical Plant Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 7013, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hyun Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Yu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 7013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Ho
- Institute of Tropical Plant Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 7013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Institute of Tropical Plant Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 7013, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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137
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Yue C, Cao HL, Wang L, Zhou YH, Huang YT, Hao XY, Wang YC, Wang B, Yang YJ, Wang XC. Effects of cold acclimation on sugar metabolism and sugar-related gene expression in tea plant during the winter season. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:591-608. [PMID: 26216393 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugar plays an essential role in plant cold acclimation (CA), but the interaction between CA and sugar remains unclear in tea plants. In this study, during the whole winter season, we investigated the variations of sugar contents and the expression of a large number of sugar-related genes in tea leaves. Results indicated that cold tolerance of tea plant was improved with the development of CA during early winter season. At this stage, starch was dramatically degraded, whereas the content of total sugars and several specific sugars including sucrose, glucose and fructose were constantly elevated. Beyond the CA stage, the content of starch was maintained at a low level during winter hardiness (WH) period and then was elevated during de-acclimation (DC) period. Conversely, the content of sugar reached a peak at WH stage followed by a decrease during DC stage. Moreover, gene expression results showed that, during CA period, sugar metabolism-related genes exhibited different expression pattern, in which beta-amylase gene (CsBAM), invertase gene (CsINV5) and raffinose synthase gene (CsRS2) engaged in starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism respectively were solidly up-regulated; the expressions of sugar transporters were stimulated in general except the down-regulations of CsSWEET2, 3, 16, CsERD6.7 and CsINT2; interestingly, the sugar-signaling related CsHXK3 and CsHXK2 had opposite expression patterns at the early stage of CA. These provided comprehensive insight into the effects of CA on carbohydrates indicating that sugar accumulation contributes to tea plant cold tolerance during winter season, and a simply model of sugar regulation in response to cold stimuli is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China,
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138
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Fettke J, Fernie AR. Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:490-497. [PMID: 26008154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, carbohydrates represent the major energy store as well as providing the building blocks for essential structural polymers. Although the major pathways for carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are well characterized, several key steps have only recently been discovered. In addition, several novel minor metabolic routes have been uncovered in the past few years. Here we review current studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism detailing the expanding compendium of functionally characterized transport proteins as well as our deeper comprehension of more minor and conditionally activated metabolic pathways. We additionally explore the pertinent questions that will allow us to enhance our understanding of the response of both major and minor carbohydrate fluxes to changing cellular circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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139
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Chandran D. Co-option of developmentally regulated plant SWEET transporters for pathogen nutrition and abiotic stress tolerance. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:461-71. [PMID: 26179993 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plant sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) sugar transporters have been implicated in various developmental processes where sugar efflux is essential, including sucrose loading of phloem for long-distance sugar transport, nectar secretion, embryo and pollen nutrition, and maintenance of sugar homeostasis in plant organs. Notably, these transporters are selectively targeted by pathogens to gain access to host sugars. In most cases, when SWEET function is blocked, the growth and virulence of the pathogen is also reduced. There is growing evidence to suggest that the lifestyle of the pathogen may dictate which SWEET or set of SWEET genes are recruited for pathogen growth and proliferation. Furthermore, SWEET transporters may also play a role in abiotic stress tolerance by enabling plant growth under unfavorable environmental conditions. This review provides an overview of the diverse functions of SWEET proteins in plant development, pathogen nutrition, and abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, utility of the model legume Medicago truncatula as a tool to elucidate SWEET function in diverse host-microbe interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chandran
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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140
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Patil G, Valliyodan B, Deshmukh R, Prince S, Nicander B, Zhao M, Sonah H, Song L, Lin L, Chaudhary J, Liu Y, Joshi T, Xu D, Nguyen HT. Soybean (Glycine max) SWEET gene family: insights through comparative genomics, transcriptome profiling and whole genome re-sequence analysis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:520. [PMID: 26162601 PMCID: PMC4499210 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEET (MtN3_saliva) domain proteins, a recently identified group of efflux transporters, play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction and reproductive tissue development. The SWEET gene family is predominantly studied in Arabidopsis and members of the family are being investigated in rice. To date, no transcriptome or genomics analysis of soybean SWEET genes has been reported. RESULTS In the present investigation, we explored the evolutionary aspect of the SWEET gene family in diverse plant species including primitive single cell algae to angiosperms with a major emphasis on Glycine max. Evolutionary features showed expansion and duplication of the SWEET gene family in land plants. Homology searches with BLAST tools and Hidden Markov Model-directed sequence alignments identified 52 SWEET genes that were mapped to 15 chromosomes in the soybean genome as tandem duplication events. Soybean SWEET (GmSWEET) genes showed a wide range of expression profiles in different tissues and developmental stages. Analysis of public transcriptome data and expression profiling using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that a majority of the GmSWEET genes were confined to reproductive tissue development. Several natural genetic variants (non-synonymous SNPs, premature stop codons and haplotype) were identified in the GmSWEET genes using whole genome re-sequencing data analysis of 106 soybean genotypes. A significant association was observed between SNP-haplogroup and seed sucrose content in three gene clusters on chromosome 6. CONCLUSION Present investigation utilized comparative genomics, transcriptome profiling and whole genome re-sequencing approaches and provided a systematic description of soybean SWEET genes and identified putative candidates with probable roles in the reproductive tissue development. Gene expression profiling at different developmental stages and genomic variation data will aid as an important resource for the soybean research community and can be extremely valuable for understanding sink unloading and enhancing carbohydrate delivery to developing seeds for improving yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunvant Patil
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Silvas Prince
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Bjorn Nicander
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mingzhe Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Current address: Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Li Song
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Li Lin
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Juhi Chaudhary
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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141
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Keller R, Ziegler C, Schneider D. When two turn into one: evolution of membrane transporters from half modules. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1379-88. [PMID: 25296672 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The recently increasing number of atomic structures for active transporters has not only revealed strong conservation in the architecture of sequence-unrelated transporter families, but also identified a unifying element called the 'inverted repeat topology,' which is found in nearly all transporter folds to date. Indeed, most membrane transporters consist of two or more domains with similar structure, so-called repeats. It is tempting to speculate that transporters have evolved by duplication of one repeat followed by gene fusion and modification events. An intriguing question is, whether recent genes encoding such a 'half-transporter' still exist as independent folding units. Although it seems likely that the evolution of membrane transport proteins, which harbor internal repeats, is linked to these minimal structural building blocks, their identification in the absence of structural data represents a major challenge, as sequence homology is not an issue. In this review we discuss two protein families, the DedA family and the SWEET family, being potential half-transporters and putative ancestors for two of the most abundant secondary transporter families, the MFS family and the LeuT-fold family.
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142
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Feng L, Frommer WB. Structure and function of SemiSWEET and SWEET sugar transporters. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:480-6. [PMID: 26071195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SemiSWEETs and SWEETs have emerged as unique sugar transporters. First discovered in plants with the help of fluorescent biosensors, homologs exist in all kingdoms of life. Bacterial and plant homologs transport hexoses and sucrose, whereas animal SWEETs transport glucose. Prokaryotic SemiSWEETs are small and comprise a parallel homodimer of an approximately 100 amino acid-long triple helix bundle (THB). Duplicated THBs are fused to create eukaryotic SWEETs in a parallel orientation via an inversion linker helix, producing a similar configuration to that of SemiSWEET dimers. Structures of four SemiSWEETs have been resolved in three states: open outside, occluded, and open inside, indicating alternating access. As we discuss here, these atomic structures provide a basis for exploring the evolution of structure-function relations in this new class of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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143
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Eom JS, Chen LQ, Sosso D, Julius BT, Lin IW, Qu XQ, Braun DM, Frommer WB. SWEETs, transporters for intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:53-62. [PMID: 25988582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three families of transporters have been identified as key players in intercellular transport of sugars: MSTs (monosaccharide transporters), SUTs (sucrose transporters) and SWEETs (hexose and sucrose transporters). MSTs and SUTs fall into the major facilitator superfamily; SWEETs constitute a structurally different class of transporters with only seven transmembrane spanning domains. The predicted topology of SWEETs is supported by crystal structures of bacterial homologs (SemiSWEETs). On average, angiosperm genomes contain ∼20 paralogs, most of which serve distinct physiological roles. In Arabidopsis, AtSWEET8 and 13 feed the pollen; SWEET11 and 12 provide sucrose to the SUTs for phloem loading; AtSWEET11, 12 and 15 have distinct roles in seed filling; AtSWEET16 and 17 are vacuolar hexose transporters; and SWEET9 is essential for nectar secretion. The remaining family members await characterization, and could play roles in the gametophyte as well as other important roles in sugar transport in the plant. In rice and cassava, and possibly other systems, sucrose transporting SWEETs play central roles in pathogen resistance. Notably, the human genome also contains a glucose transporting isoform. Further analysis promises new insights into mechanism and regulation of assimilate allocation and a new potential for increasing crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seob Eom
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Davide Sosso
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin T Julius
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 110 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - I W Lin
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Qu
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and the Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 110 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Carnegie Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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144
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Hedrich R, Sauer N, Neuhaus HE. Sugar transport across the plant vacuolar membrane: nature and regulation of carrier proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:63-70. [PMID: 26000864 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of higher plants to store sugars is of crucial importance for plant development, adaption to endogenous or environmental cues and for the economic value of crop species. Sugar storage and accumulation, and its homeostasis in plant cells are managed by the vacuole. Although transport of sugars across the vacuolar membrane has been monitored for about four decades, the molecular entities of the transporters involved have been identified in the last 10 years only. Thus, it is just recently that our pictures of the transporters that channel the sugar load across the tonoplast have gained real shape. Here we describe the molecular nature and regulation of an important group of tonoplast sugar transporter (TST) allowing accumulation of sugars against large concentration gradients. In addition, we report on proton-driven tonoplast sugar exporters and on facilitators, which are also involved in balancing cytosolic and vacuolar sugar levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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145
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Abstract
Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules. Most sugars are derived from photosynthetic organisms, particularly plants. In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in providing sugars to other cells (e.g., intestinal and liver cells in animals, photosynthetic cells in plants), whereas others depend completely on an external supply (e.g., brain cells, roots and seeds). This cellular exchange of sugars requires transport proteins to mediate uptake or release from cells or subcellular compartments. Thus, not surprisingly, sugar transport is critical for plants, animals, and humans. At present, three classes of eukaryotic sugar transporters have been characterized, namely the glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs), and SWEETs. This review presents the history and state of the art of sugar transporter research, covering genetics, biochemistry, and physiology-from their identification and characterization to their structure, function, and physiology. In humans, understanding sugar transport has therapeutic importance (e.g., addressing diabetes or limiting access of cancer cells to sugars), and in plants, these transporters are critical for crop yield and pathogen susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305;
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146
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Lee Y, Nishizawa T, Yamashita K, Ishitani R, Nureki O. Structural basis for the facilitative diffusion mechanism by SemiSWEET transporter. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6112. [PMID: 25598322 PMCID: PMC4309421 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SWEET family proteins mediate sugar transport across biological membranes and play crucial roles in plants and animals. The SWEETs and their bacterial homologues, the SemiSWEETs, are related to the PQ-loop family, which is characterized by highly conserved proline and glutamine residues (PQ-loop motif). Although the structures of the bacterial SemiSWEETs were recently reported, the conformational transition and the significance of the conserved motif in the transport cycle have remained elusive. Here we report crystal structures of SemiSWEET from Escherichia coli, in the both inward-open and outward-open states. A structural comparison revealed that SemiSWEET undergoes an intramolecular conformational change in each protomer. The conserved PQ-loop motif serves as a molecular hinge that enables the 'binder clip-like' motion of SemiSWEET. The present work provides the framework for understanding the overall transport cycles of SWEET and PQ-loop family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishizawa
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [2] Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichiro Ishitani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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147
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Jung B, Ludewig F, Schulz A, Meißner G, Wöstefeld N, Flügge UI, Pommerrenig B, Wirsching P, Sauer N, Koch W, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Cuin TA, Graus D, Marten I, Hedrich R, Neuhaus HE. Identification of the transporter responsible for sucrose accumulation in sugar beet taproots. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:14001. [PMID: 27246048 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet provides around one third of the sugar consumed worldwide and serves as a significant source of bioenergy in the form of ethanol. Sucrose accounts for up to 18% of plant fresh weight in sugar beet. Most of the sucrose is concentrated in the taproot, where it accumulates in the vacuoles. Despite 30 years of intensive research, the transporter that facilitates taproot sucrose accumulation has escaped identification. Here, we combine proteomic analyses of the taproot vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast, with electrophysiological analyses to show that the transporter BvTST2.1 is responsible for vacuolar sucrose uptake in sugar beet taproots. We show that BvTST2.1 is a sucrose-specific transporter, and present evidence to suggest that it operates as a proton antiporter, coupling the import of sucrose into the vacuole to the export of protons. BvTST2.1 exhibits a high amino acid sequence similarity to members of the tonoplast monosaccharide transporter family in Arabidopsis, prompting us to rename this group of proteins 'tonoplast sugar transporters'. The identification of BvTST2.1 could help to increase sugar yields from sugar beet and other sugar-storing plants in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jung
- Pflanzenphysiologie, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Biocenter Cologne, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Biophysics and Molecular Plant Physiology, University Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Garvin Meißner
- Pflanzenphysiologie, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nicole Wöstefeld
- Biocenter Cologne, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Biocenter Cologne, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Wirsching
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- KWS Saat AG, Grimsehlstr.31, D37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Biophysics and Molecular Plant Physiology, University Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Graus
- Biophysics and Molecular Plant Physiology, University Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- Biophysics and Molecular Plant Physiology, University Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Biophysics and Molecular Plant Physiology, University Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Pflanzenphysiologie, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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148
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Wang J, Yan C, Li Y, Hirata K, Yamamoto M, Yan N, Hu Q. Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of SWEET transporters. Cell Res 2014; 24:1486-9. [PMID: 25378180 PMCID: PMC4260346 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yini Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kunio Hirata
- Advanced Photon Technology Division, Research Infrastructure Group, SR Life Science Instrumentation Unit, 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Advanced Photon Technology Division, Research Infrastructure Group, SR Life Science Instrumentation Unit, 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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149
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Chong J, Piron MC, Meyer S, Merdinoglu D, Bertsch C, Mestre P. The SWEET family of sugar transporters in grapevine: VvSWEET4 is involved in the interaction with Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6589-601. [PMID: 25246444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During plant development, sugar export is determinant in multiple processes such as nectar production, pollen development and long-distance sucrose transport. The plant SWEET family of sugar transporters is a recently identified protein family of sugar uniporters. In rice, SWEET transporters are the target of extracellular bacteria, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to modify their expression and acquire sugars to sustain their growth. Here we report the characterization of the SWEET family of sugar transporters in Vitis vinifera. We identified 17 SWEET genes in the V. vinifera 40024 genome and show that they are differentially expressed in vegetative and reproductive organs. Inoculation with the biotrophic pathogens Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola did not result in significant induction of VvSWEET gene expression. However, infection with the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea triggered a strong up-regulation of VvSWEET4 expression. Further characterization of VvSWEET4 revealed that it is a glucose transporter localized in the plasma membrane that is up-regulated by inducers of reactive oxygen species and virulence factors from necrotizing pathogens. Finally, Arabidopsis knockout mutants in the orthologous AtSWEET4 were found to be less susceptible to B. cinerea. We propose that stimulation of expression of a developmentally regulated glucose uniporter by reactive oxygen species production and extensive cell death after necrotrophic fungal infection could facilitate sugar acquisition from plant cells by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chong
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, EA3991), Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Marie-Christine Piron
- INRA, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France Université de Strasbourg, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Meyer
- INRA, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France Université de Strasbourg, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Didier Merdinoglu
- INRA, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France Université de Strasbourg, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Christophe Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, EA3991), Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Pere Mestre
- INRA, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France Université de Strasbourg, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France
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150
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Desnoues E, Gibon Y, Baldazzi V, Signoret V, Génard M, Quilot-Turion B. Profiling sugar metabolism during fruit development in a peach progeny with different fructose-to-glucose ratios. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:336. [PMID: 25421154 PMCID: PMC4247632 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit taste is largely affected by the concentration of soluble sugars and organic acids and non-negligibly by fructose concentration, which is the sweetest-tasting sugar. To date, many studies investigating the sugars in fruit have focused on a specific sugar or enzyme and often on a single variety, but only a few detailed studies addressing sugar metabolism both as a whole and dynamic system are available. In commercial peach fruit, sucrose is the main sugar, followed by fructose and glucose, which have similar levels. Interestingly, low fructose-to-glucose ratios have been observed in wild peach accessions. A cross between wild peach and commercial varieties offers an outstanding possibility to study fruit sugar metabolism. RESULTS This work provides a large dataset of sugar composition and the capacities of enzymes that are involved in sugar metabolism during peach fruit development and its genetic diversity. A large fraction of the metabolites and enzymes involved in peach sugar metabolism were assayed within a peach progeny of 106 genotypes, of which one quarter displayed a low fructose-to-glucose ratio. This profiling was performed at six stages of growth using high throughput methods. Our results permit drawing a quasi-exhaustive scheme of sugar metabolism in peach. The use of a large number of genotypes revealed a remarkable robustness of enzymatic capacities across genotypes and years, despite strong variations in sugar composition, in particular the fructose-to-glucose ratio, within the progeny. A poor correlation was also found between the enzymatic capacities and the accumulation rates of metabolites. CONCLUSIONS These results invalidate the hypothesis of the straightforward enzymatic control of sugar concentration in peach fruit. Alternative hypotheses concerning the regulation of fructose concentration are discussed based on experimental data. This work lays the foundation for a comprehensive study of the mechanisms involved in sugar metabolism in developing fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Desnoues
- />INRA, UR1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, F-84000 Avignon, France
- />INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- />INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- />Univ. Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex France
- />Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, IBVM, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Valentina Baldazzi
- />INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Véronique Signoret
- />INRA, UR1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Michel Génard
- />INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84000 Avignon, France
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