101
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García-Zamora JL, Santacruz-Vázquez V, Valera-Pérez MÁ, Moreira MT, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Tapia-Salazar M, Torres E. Oxidation of Flame Retardant Tetrabromobisphenol A by a Biocatalytic Nanofiber of Chloroperoxidase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244917. [PMID: 31817344 PMCID: PMC6950518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA), a flame retardant compound, is considered a ubiquitous pollutant, with potential impact on the environment and human health. Several technologies have been applied to accelerate its degradation and minimize environmental impacts. Due to its aromaticity character, peroxidase enzymes may be employed to carry out its transformation in mild conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine the capacity of the enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) to oxidize TBBPA in several water samples. Methods: The oxidation capacity of CPO was evaluated in catalytic conditions using water samples from surface and groundwater, as well as effluents from wastewater treatment plants. The biocatalytic performance of CPO was improved due to its immobilization on nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan (PVA/chitosan). Results: Free and immobilized CPO were able to transform more than 80% in short reaction times (60 min); producing more biodegradable and less toxic products. Particularly, the immobilized enzyme was catalytically active in a wider range of pH than the free enzyme with the possibility of reusing it up to five times. Conclusions: The biocatalytic oxidation of TBBPA under environmental conditions is highly efficient, even in complex media such as treated effluents of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Valera-Pérez
- Departamento de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrícolas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Galicia, Spain;
| | - Diana L. Cardenas-Chavez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Atlixcayotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atrixcayotl, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Mireya Tapia-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Centro de Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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102
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Islam MT. Chemical profile and biological activities of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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103
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Mortality and Effect on Growth of Artemia franciscana Exposed to Two Common Organic Pollutants. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute toxicity and inhibition on growth of Artemia franciscana nauplii (Instar I-II) after exposure to the reference toxicants bisphenol a (BPA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were studied. LC50 values were calculated and differences in body growth were recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to the toxicants. The results indicated that BPA had lower toxicity than SDS. Development of the nauplii was clearly influenced by duration of exposure. Growth inhibition was detected for both toxicants. Abnormal growth of the central eye of several Artemia nauplii after 72 h of exposure to BPA was also detected. Our results indicate that growth inhibition could be used as a valid endpoint for toxicity studies.
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104
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Gutner-Hoch E, Martins R, Maia F, Oliveira T, Shpigel M, Weis M, Tedim J, Benayahu Y. Toxicity of engineered micro- and nanomaterials with antifouling properties to the brine shrimp Artemia salina and embryonic stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:530-537. [PMID: 31108285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling booster biocides are chemicals used in protective paints to tackle the adhesion of fouling organisms to maritime artificial structures. However, they are also known to exert toxic effects on non-target organisms. Recent research developments have highlighted the potential use of engineered micro/nanomaterials (EMNMs) as carriers of antifouling booster biocides in order to control their release and to reduce the harmful effects on living biota. In the present study, we sought to assess the toxicity of two commercially-available booster biocides: (zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and copper pyrithione (CuPT)); three unloaded engineered micro/nanomaterials (EMNMs); layered double hydroxides (LDH), silica nanocapsules (SiNC), polyurea microcapsules (PU); , and six novel EMNMs (loaded with each of the two biocides). The exposure tests were conducted on the larval stage (nauplii) of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and on two embryonic developmental stages of the European purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The findings indicate that the unloaded LDH and PU (i.e. both biocide-free EMNMs) have non/low toxic effects on both species. The unloaded SiNC, in contrast, exerted a mild toxic effect on the A. salina nauplii and P. lividus embryos. The free biocides presented different toxicity values, with ZnPT being more toxic than CuPT in the P. lividus assays. LDH-based pyrithiones demonstrated lower toxicity compared to the free forms of the state-of-the-art compounds, and constitute good candidates in terms of their antifouling efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldad Gutner-Hoch
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 66978, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Roberto Martins
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederico Maia
- Smallmatek - Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Oliveira
- Smallmatek - Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Muki Shpigel
- Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel; MorrisKahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. CharneySchool of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Weis
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 66978, Israel
| | - João Tedim
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yehuda Benayahu
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 66978, Israel.
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105
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Varó I, Perini A, Torreblanca A, Garcia Y, Bergami E, Vannuccini ML, Corsi I. Time-dependent effects of polystyrene nanoparticles in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:570-580. [PMID: 31030162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro- (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm) are emerging threats for marine ecosystems worldwide. Brine shrimp Artemia is recognized as a suitable model among planktonic species for studying the impact of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through short and long-term bioassays. Our study aims to evaluate the time-dependent effects of cationic amino-modified PS-NH2 (50 nm) in A. franciscana after short- (48 h) and long-term exposure (14 days). For this purpose, nauplii were exposed to a concentration range of PS-NH2 (0.1, 1, 3 and 10 μg/mL) in natural sea water (NSW), and physiological, biochemical and molecular responses were investigated. Short-term exposure to PS-NH2 caused a decrease in nauplii growth and affected the development in a concentration-dependent manner, long-term exposure impaired the survival, but not the growth and feeding behavior. Oxidative stress was detected after short term exposure as the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and was fully evident in the long-term as lipid peroxidation, suggesting an accumulative effect. The decrease in Cholinesterase (ChE) activity observed indicates possible neurotoxic action of PS-NH2. Also, Carboxylesterase (CbE) inhibition by PS-NH2, described for the first time in this study, anticipates potential effects in biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds, being the crustacean juvenile hormone methyl farnesoate (MF) that regulates development and molting, one candidate. Furthermore, short- and long-term exposure to PS-NH2 affect the expression of genes involved in cell protection, development and molting. Overall, our results reveal that low PS-NH2 concentrations induce physiological, biochemical and molecular (changes in gene expression) alterations in Artemia, and point at their potential risk for this model organism, supporting the general concern about nanoplastics occurrences in aquatic environments and their ability to represent an ecological threat for aquatic zooplanktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Varó
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Aurora Perini
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSFTA), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amparo Torreblanca
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Garcia
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSFTA), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria L Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSFTA), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSFTA), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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106
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Synthesis of Monosubstituted Purpurins and Their Biological Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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107
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Morgan MA, Griffith CM, Dinges MM, Lyon YA, Julian RR, Larive CK. Evaluating sub-lethal stress from Roundup ® exposure in Artemia franciscana using 1H NMR and GC-MS. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:77-87. [PMID: 31077969 PMCID: PMC6581565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global salinization trends present an urgent need for methods to monitor aquatic ecosystem health and characterize known and emerging stressors for water bodies that are becoming increasingly saline. Environmental metabolomics methods that combine quantitative measurements of metabolite levels and multivariate statistical analysis are powerful tools for ascertaining biological impacts and identifying potential biomarkers of exposure. We propose the use of the saltwater aquatic crustacean, Artemia franciscana, as a model organism for environmental metabolomics in saltwater ecosystems. Artemia are a good choice for ecotoxicity assays and metabolomics analysis because they have a short life cycle, their hemolymph is rich in metabolites and they tolerate a wide salinity range. In this work we explore the potential of Artemia franciscana for environmental metabolomics through exposure to the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate. The LC50 for a 48 h exposure of Roundup® was determined to be 237 ± 23 ppm glyphosate in the Roundup® formulation. Artemia cysts were hatched and exposed to sub-lethal glyphosate concentrations of 1.00, 10.0, 50.0, or 100 ppm glyphosate in Roundup®. We profiled 48 h old Artemia extracts using 1H NMR and GC-MS. Dose-dependent metabolic perturbation was evident for several metabolites using univariate and multivariate analyses. Metabolites significantly affected by Roundup® exposure included aspartate, formate, betaine, glucose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, gadusol, and isopropylamine. Biochemical pathway analysis with the KEGG database suggests impairment of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, Artemia molting and development, and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Corey M Griffith
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Meredith M Dinges
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Yana A Lyon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
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108
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Ashraf Z, Mahmood T, Hassan M, Afzal S, Rafique H, Afzal K, Latip J. Dexibuprofen amide derivatives as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, in silico docking, bioevaluation, and molecular dynamic simulation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1643-1657. [PMID: 31190743 PMCID: PMC6524612 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amide derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to possess antitumor activity. The present work describes the synthesis of dexibuprofen amide analogues (4a-j) as potential anticancer agents. METHODS The title amides (4a-j) were obtained by simple nucleophilic substitution reaction of dexibuprofen acid chloride with substituted amines in good yield and chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. RESULTS The brine shrimp lethality assay results showed that all of the synthesized compounds are non-toxic to shrimp larvae. The inhibitory effects on tumor growth were evaluated and it was observed that N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4e) and N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4g) exhibited excellent antitumor activity compared to all other derivatives. The compound 4e bearing 2,5-dichloro substituted phenyl ring and 4g possesses 2-chloro substituted phenyl ring exhibited 100% inhibition of the tumor growth. The anticancer activity was evaluated against breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and it was observed that derivative 4e exhibited excellent growth inhibition of cancer cells with IC50 value of 0.01±0.002 µm, which is better than the standard drugs. The docking studies against breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein BRCA1 (PDBID 3K0H) exhibited good binding affinities, which are in good agreement with the wet lab results. The compounds 4e and 4g showed the binding energy values of -6.39 and -6.34 Kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was also carried out to evaluate the residual flexibility of the best docking complexes of compounds 4e and 4g. The MD simulation analysis assured that the 4e formed a more stable complex with the target protein than the 4g. The synthesized amide derivatives exhibited were devoid of gastrointestinal side effects and no cytotoxic effects against human normal epithelial breast cell line (MCF-12A) were found. CONCLUSION Based upon our wet lab and dry lab findings we propose that dexibuprofen analogue 4e may serve as a lead structure for the design of more potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Samina Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,
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109
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Panchagavya mediated copper nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and evaluating cytotoxicity in brine shrimp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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110
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Rekulapally R, Murthy Chavali LN, Idris MM, Singh S. Toxicity of TiO 2, SiO 2, ZnO, CuO, Au and Ag engineered nanoparticles on hatching and early nauplii of Artemia sp. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6138. [PMID: 30627483 PMCID: PMC6321756 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of environmental release enhances with increased commercial applications of the nanomaterials. In this work, a simple and efficient test to estimate the acute toxicity of nanoparticles is carried out on Artemia species and their hatching rates. We have tested six different engineered nanoparticles (silver, gold, copper oxide, zinc oxide, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles) and three soluble salts (CuSO4, ZnSO4 and AgNO3) on Artemia sp. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles involved in this study were analyzed in normal water and marine water. Hydrated and bleached Artemia cysts were allowed to hatch in continuously aerated, filtered sterile salt water containing nanoparticles; hatching of viable nauplii and total hatchlings have been recorded. In parallel, standard Artemia toxicity test was conducted on the nauplii monitoring the viability. In hatching experiments, a reduction in hatching rate was observed along with mortality of newly hatched nauplii. The results of the hatching experiment and of the standard Artemia test showed a good correlation. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was compared and the order of toxicity was estimated as Ag>CuO>ZnO>Au>TiO2>SiO2. The study thus suggests that the hatching test itself is a reliable assay for determining the toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rekulapally
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Mohammed M Idris
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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111
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Trompeta AFA, Preiss I, Ben-Ami F, Benayahu Y, Charitidis CA. Toxicity testing of MWCNTs to aquatic organisms. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36707-36716. [PMID: 35539094 PMCID: PMC9075126 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in global production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as their use in polymer nanocomposites has raised concerns as to their possible effects on the marine environment that could ultimately affect human populations. Specifically, CNTs have already been tested in antifouling formulations for the prevention of biofouling, mainly to protect ships' hulls, as well as in composite materials that come in contact with seawater. At this point, it seems crucial to assess the possible effects of CNTs on aquatic organisms and assess their toxicity. Thus, in this study, three different model organisms were selected for toxicity testing: Daphnia magna water flea, Artemia salina nauplii and Danio rerio zebrafish. The CNTs that were tested have been produced in house via the chemical vapour deposition method and were fully characterised in order to understand the effect of their properties on the aquatic organisms. In this study pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as functionalised with carboxyl groups were used. Dispersion issues were evident in all tests, both for the pristine and functionalised carbon nanotubes, thus their toxicity could not be determined in relation to their concentration. To overcome this issue, optical observation of the organisms took place. MWCNT black aggregates were clearly observed in the intestine of A. salina. Following an additional 24 h in seawater the intestine appeared clean and restored to its normal appearance. This observation leads to the conclusion that MWCNTs did not prove to be fatal to D. magna and A. salina despite their presence in the digestive track of both non-target organisms. These results show that MWCNTs do not affect the non-target organisms in the short term, thus their use in antifouling coatings and composite materials for maritime applications can be further investigated. Optical observation of Artemia salina′s intestine after 100 mg L−1 MWCNT-COOH exposure: the intestine appeared clean and restored to its normal appearance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini-Flora A. Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- National Technical University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Iris Preiss
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Frida Ben-Ami
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Yehuda Benayahu
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- National Technical University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
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112
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Darbyshire AK, Oliver KH, Dupont WD, Plummer WD, Jones CP, Boyd KL. Anesthesia and Euthanasia of Brine Shrimp ( Artemia franciscana). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:58-64. [PMID: 30497541 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates are often overlooked as laboratory animals, yet they are commonly used in toxicology, developmental, cellular and molecular biology, and radiation studies with euthanasia as an endpoint. Little is known regarding appropriate euthanasia methods for invertebrate species, particularly for Artemia. Here, we evaluated the AVMA-recommended 2-step method of euthanasia in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Artemia were exposed first to anesthetic solutions of 60% alcohol, 2.5 mg/L eugenol, or 4 g/L tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS) and then were transferred to euthanasia solutions of 70% alcohol, 95% alcohol, or 10% neutral buffered formalin. We examined time to anesthesia, behavioral response to anesthesia, anesthesia recovery, and time to euthanasia. Our results show that 2.5 mg/L eugenol and 4 g/L TMS inconsistently achieved anesthesia. Although 60% alcohol produced anesthesia, the time to anesthesia varied among replicate groups, and exposure resulted in an increase in abnormal behavior. We therefore do not recommend any of the tested anesthetic solutions for use in Artemia. Although all 3 euthanasia solutions were effective, more research is needed to provide recommendations regarding euthanasia for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Darbyshire
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,
| | - Kendra H Oliver
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William D Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - W Dale Plummer
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carissa P Jones
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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113
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Sumitha S, Vasanthi S, Shalini S, Chinni SV, Gopinath SCB, Anbu P, Bahari MB, Harish R, Kathiresan S, Ravichandran V. Phyto-Mediated Photo Catalysed Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Durio Zibethinus Seed Extract: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity and Photocatalytic Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E3311. [PMID: 30551671 PMCID: PMC6320879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have developed a green approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (DSAgNPs) using aqueous extract of Durio zibethinus seed and determined its antibacterial, photocatalytic and cytotoxic effects. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed the formation of DSAgNPs with a maximum absorbance (λmax) of 420 nm. SEM and TEM images revealed DSAgNPs were spherical and rod shaped, with a size range of 20 nm and 75 nm. The zeta potential was found to be -15.41 mV. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed the nature and presence of Ag and AgCl. DSAgNPs showed considerable antibacterial activity, exhibited better cytotoxicity against brine shrimp, and shown better photocatalytic activity against methylene blue. Based on the present research work, it can be concluded that DSAgNPs could be used in the field of water treatment, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, biosensor and nanotechnology in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuggam Sumitha
- Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Semeling 8100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Sethu Vasanthi
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sivadasan Shalini
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641035, India.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling 8100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Suresh V Chinni
- Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Semeling 8100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Periasamy Anbu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
| | | | - Rajak Harish
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, India.
| | - Sathasivam Kathiresan
- Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Semeling 8100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
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Antioxidant Properties and the Formation of Iron Coordination Complexes of 8-Hydroxyquinoline. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123917. [PMID: 30544490 PMCID: PMC6321042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The alkaloid 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is well-known for various biological activities, including antioxidant effects and especially for the formation of coordination complexes with various transition metals, such as iron, amongst others. Therefore, 8HQ was extensively explored as a promising antineurodegenerative agent. However, other authors noted pro-oxidant effects of 8HQ. Here, we explore the pro- and antioxidant properties of 8HQ, especially in context of coordination complexes with iron (II) and iron (III). Methods: Nano-electrospray−mass spectrometry, differential pulse voltammetry, deoxyribose degradation, iron (II) autoxidation, and brine shrimp mortality assays were used. Results: 8HQ formed a complex mixture of coordination complexes with iron (II) and iron (III). Furthermore, 8HQ showed antioxidant effects but no pro-oxidant ones. In the brine shrimp mortality assay, 8HQ demonstrated toxicity that decreased in the presence of iron (III). Conclusions: 8HQ is a potent antioxidant whose effects depend not only on the formation of the coordination complexes with iron ions, but surely on the scavenging activities due to the redox properties of the 8-hydroxyl group. No pro-oxidant effects were observed in the set of the used assays.
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Ragavendran C, Srinivasan R, Kim M, Natarajan D. Aspergillus terreus (Trichocomaceae): A Natural, Eco-Friendly Mycoinsecticide for Control of Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue Vectors and Its Toxicity Assessment Against an Aquatic Model Organism Artemia nauplii. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1355. [PMID: 30534070 PMCID: PMC6275207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, and dengue are transmitted by mosquitoes and they cause global mortality and morbidity due to an increased resistance against commercial insecticides. The present study was aimed to evaluate the neurobehavioral toxicity, knock-down effect, histopathology, ovicidal, adulticidal, and smoke toxicity effect of Aspergillus terreus extract against three mosquito species, namely Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The isolated fungal strain was identified as A. terreus (GenBank accession no: KX694148.1) through morphological and molecular (phylogenetic) analysis. The morphological changes in the treated fourth instar larvae shown the demelanization of cuticle and shrinkage of the internal cuticle of anal papillae. The time duration of extract exposure against the larvae determines the level of toxicity. The extract treated larvae were displayed excitation, violent vertical and horizontal movements with aggressive anal biting behavior as the toxic effect on the neuromuscular system. The results of the biochemical analysis indicated that a decrease in the level of acetylcholinesterase, α-carboxylesterase, and β-carboxylesterase in extract treated fourth instar larvae of all tested mosquito species. The findings of histopathological investigation shown the disorganization of the abdominal region, mainly in mid, hindgut, and gastric caeca, loss of antenna, lateral hair, caudal hair, upper and lower head hairs in the mycelium extract treated An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Ae. aegypti. The ovicidal bioassay test results showed the mosquito hatchability percentage was directly related to the concentrations of mycelium extract. Nil hatchability of mosquito eggs was noticed at 500 μg/ml concentration. The adulticidal activity of fungal mycelia ethyl acetate extract resulted in a dose-dependent activity (15 and 30 min recovery periods). The higher concentration of extract (1000 mg/L) acted as a repellent, the adult mosquitoes showed restless movement, uncontrolled/anesthetic flight at last died. The better adulticidal activity was observed in the ethyl acetate extract against An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus followed by Ae. aegypti with the best score of LD50 and LD90 values and nil mortality was found in the control. The results of smoke toxicity assay of the mycelia extract exhibited significant mortality rate against Ae. aegypti (91%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (89%), and An. stephensi (84%). In addition, the present investigation reported the stability and toxic effects of A. terreus mycelium ethyl acetate extract on Artemia nauplii. The swimming speed (0.88 mm s-1) of A. terreus was reduced with ethyl extract 24 h treatment whereas, the control A. nauplii showed the normal speed of 2.96 mm s-1. Altered behavior and swimming movement were observed in the 8 h A. terreus mycelium extract treated A. nauplii. A pale yellow color substance (metabolites) was found in the mid-gut region of the mycelial extract exposed A. nauplii. The outcome of the present study, suggest that the A. terreus metabolites might serve as an alternative, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and target specific mosquitocidal agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ragavendran
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - R. Srinivasan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Cavalcante IM, Rocha NRDC, de Brito DHA, Schuller APD, Câmara Neto JF, de Morais SM, de Luna FMT, Schanz MTGF, Maier ME, Ricardo NMPS. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polyol Esters of Undecylenic Acid As Ecofriendly Lubricants. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marques Cavalcante
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceará; P. O. Box 6021, 60455-760, Fortaleza Brazil
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen Germany
| | - Natália Rodrigues de Castro Rocha
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceará; P. O. Box 6021, 60455-760, Fortaleza Brazil
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen Germany
| | - Débora Hellen Almeida de Brito
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceará; P. O. Box 6021, 60455-760, Fortaleza Brazil
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen Germany
| | - Ana Paula Dantas Schuller
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen Germany
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Vijayaraj AS, Mohandass C, Joshi D, Rajput N. Effective bioremediation and toxicity assessment of tannery wastewaters treated with indigenous bacteria. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:428. [PMID: 30305997 PMCID: PMC6162197 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bioremediation capacity of indigenous bacteria isolated from tannery sludge for two different tannery wastewaters collected from Kanpur and Chennai. To identify bacteria which can efficiently degrade a mixture of different pollutants, the isolates were grown in hazardous 100% tannery wastewaters. The reductions in toxicants such as chromium, sulphate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater were analysed post-bioremediation. Amongst the isolates, Citrobacter freundii was able to reduce the concentration of multiple toxicants such as chromium by 73% and sulphate was reduced by 68% bringing down the level much below the permissible limit stipulated by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Notably, the organic load characterized by BOD and COD was also lowered by 86 and 80%, respectively. The indigenous isolates, not only bioremediated the Kanpur effluent but, also significantly detoxified the Chennai effluent having higher toxicant load. An interesting observation made during the study was better survival and growth along with the development of appendages of Artemia nauplii in the treated wastewaters which thus further confirmed reduction in toxicity of the effluents. The results thus demonstrate that the tested indigenous strains are promising for bioremediation of tannery wastewater and effectively improve the water quality for safe discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Vijayaraj
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004 India
| | - C. Mohandass
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004 India
| | - Devika Joshi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004 India
| | - Nikita Rajput
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004 India
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118
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Johari SA, Rasmussen K, Gulumian M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Tetarazako N, Kashiwada S, Asghari S, Park JW, Yu IJ. Introducing a new standardized nanomaterial environmental toxicity screening testing procedure, ISO/TS 20787: aquatic toxicity assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in saltwater Lakes using Artemia sp. nauplii. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:95-109. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1512695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Johari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saba Asghari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - June-Woo Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm CO., LTD, Icheon, Republic of Korea
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119
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Gastaldi B, Marino G, Assef Y, Silva Sofrás FM, Catalán CAN, González SB. Nutraceutical Properties of Herbal Infusions from Six Native Plants of Argentine Patagonia. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:180-188. [PMID: 30062579 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six native plants of South America traditionally consumed in the Patagonian region (southern Argentina and Chile), namely: Adesmia boronioides Hook. f., Apium australe Thouars, Buddleja globosa Hope, Drimys andina (Reiche) R. Rodr. & Quezada, Dysphania multifida L. and Solidago chilensis Meyen were investigated to determine the nutraceutical properties of infusions of their aerial parts. The infusions were characterized in terms of their antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content, profile of phenolic compounds, general toxicity and cytotoxicity on two different human cell lines: T84 (derived from colon cancer) and HTR8/SVneo (not derived from cancer). Twenty-nine compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, were identified. This is the first analysis of phenolic compounds in infusions from native plants of Patagonia. D. andina, B. globosa and S. chilensis showed high levels of antioxidants, even higher than those of Green Tea. The content of phenolic compounds correlated significantly with the antioxidant activity of the samples analyzed. The toxicity test indicated that the use of A. australe, B. globosa and D. multifida seems safe, but a moderate consumption is suggested for A. boronioides, D. andina and S. chilensis until more exhaustive and long-term results are available. Moreover, A. boronioides and S. chilensis showed anticancer potential due to their antiproliferative activity on human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gastaldi
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - G Marino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y Assef
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), Esquel, Argentina
| | - F M Silva Sofrás
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Argentina
| | - C A N Catalán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA-CONICET), Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - S B González
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Argentina
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120
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Regueiras A, Pereira S, Costa MS, Vasconcelos V. Differential Toxicity of Cyanobacteria Isolated from Marine Sponges towards Echinoderms and Crustaceans. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070297. [PMID: 30021957 PMCID: PMC6071129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges and cyanobacteria have a long history of co-evolution, with documented genome adaptations in cyanobionts. Both organisms are known to produce a wide variety of natural compounds, with only scarce information about novel natural compounds produced by cyanobionts. In the present study, we aimed to address their toxicological potential, isolating cyanobacteria (n = 12) from different sponge species from the coast of Portugal (mainland, Azores, and Madeira Islands). After large-scale growth, we obtained both organic and aqueous extracts to perform a series of ecologically-relevant bioassays. In the acute toxicity assay, using nauplii of Artemia salina, only organic extracts showed lethality, especially in picocyanobacterial strains. In the bioassay with Paracentrotus lividus, both organic and aqueous extracts produced embryogenic toxicity (respectively 58% and 36%), pointing to the presence of compounds that interfere with growth factors on cells. No development of pluteus larvae was observed for the organic extract of the strain Chroococcales 6MA13ti, indicating the presence of compounds that affect skeleton formation. In the hemolytic assay, none of the extracts induced red blood cells lysis. Organic extracts, especially from picoplanktonic strains, proved to be the most promising for future bioassay-guided fractionation and compounds isolation. This approach allows us to classify the compounds extracted from the cyanobacteria into effect categories and bioactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Regueiras
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Pereira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.
| | - Maria Sofia Costa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, Reykjavik 107, Iceland.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology-Centre of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
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121
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Oliveira GARD, Leme DM, de Lapuente J, Brito LB, Porredón C, Rodrigues LDB, Brull N, Serret JT, Borràs M, Disner GR, Cestari MM, Oliveira DPD. A test battery for assessing the ecotoxic effects of textile dyes. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:171-179. [PMID: 29935967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The textile dyeing industry is one of the main sectors contributing to environmental pollution, due to the generation of large amounts of wastewater loaded with dyes (ca. 2-50% of the initial amount of dyes used in the dye baths is lost), causing severe impacts on human health and the environment. In this context, an ecotoxicity testing battery was used to assess the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the textile dyes Direct Black 38 (DB38; azo dye) and Reactive Blue 15 (RB15; copper phthalocyanine dye) on different trophic levels. Thus these dyes were tested using the following assays: Filter paper contact test with earthworms (Eisenia foetida); seed germination and root elongation toxicity test (Cucumis sativus, Lactuca sativa and Lycopersicon esculentum); acute immobilization test (Daphnia magna and Artemia salina); and the Comet assay with the rainbow trout gonad-2 cell fish line (RTG-2) and D. magna. Neither phytotoxicity nor significant effects on the survival of E. foetida were observed after exposure to DB38 and RB15. Both dyes were classified as relatively non-toxic to D. magna (LC50 > 100 mg/L), but DB38 was moderately toxic to A. salina with a LC50 of 20.7 mg/L. DB38 and RB15 induced significant effects on the DNA of D. magna but only DB38 caused direct (alkaline comet assay) and oxidative (hOGG1-modified alkaline comet assay) damage to RTG-2 cells in hormetic responses. Therefore, the present results emphasize that a test battery approach of bioassays representing multiple trophic levels is fundamental in predicting the toxicity of textile dyes, aside from providing the information required to define their safe levels for living organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FF), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joaquín de Lapuente
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Barroso Brito
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FF), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Constança Porredón
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natália Brull
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Txu Serret
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Association of Biologists of Catalonia (CBC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Bioucas FEB, Vieira SIC, Lourenço MJV, Santos FJV, Nieto de Castro CA, Massonne K. [C2mim][CH3SO3] – A Suitable New Heat Transfer Fluid? Part 1. Thermophysical and Toxicological Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. E. B. Bioucas
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - S. I. C. Vieira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - M. J. V. Lourenço
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - F. J. V. Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - C. A. Nieto de Castro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - K. Massonne
- BASF SE, RC/OI - M300, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
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Seremet OC, Olaru OT, Gutu CM, Nitulescu GM, Ilie M, Negres S, Zbarcea CE, Purdel CN, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Coleman MD, Margina DM. Toxicity of plant extracts containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids using alternative invertebrate models. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7757-7763. [PMID: 29620235 PMCID: PMC5983973 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a widespread class of hepatotoxic heterocyclic organic compounds found in approximately 3% of world flora. Some PAs have been shown to have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The present study focuses on the toxicity effects of four dry extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Senecio vernalis, Symphytum officinale, Petasites hybridus and Tussilago farfara), on two aquatic organisms, Artemia salina and Daphnia magna, and the correlation with their PAs content. A new GC‑MS method, using a retention time (TR)‑5MS type capillary column was developed. PAs Kovats retention indices, for this type of column were computed for the first time. The lethal dose 50% (LC50) values for the two invertebrate models were correlated (Pearson 's coefficient, >0.9) and the toxicity was PA concentration-dependent, for three of the four extracts. All tested extracts were found to be toxic in both aquatic organism models. The results can be used to develop a GC‑MS validated method for the assay of PAs in medicinal plants with a further potential application in the risk assessment study of PAs toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cristina Seremet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Claudia Maria Gutu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Mihaela Ilie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Simona Negres
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Cristina Elena Zbarcea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Purdel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, UK
| | - Denisa Marilena Margina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, 020956 Bucharest, Romania, Greece
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124
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New-chitosan characterization and its bioassay in different salinity solutions using Artemia salina as bio tester. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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125
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Gambardella C, Nichino D, Iacometti C, Ferrando S, Falugi C, Faimali M. Long term exposure to low dose neurotoxic pesticides affects hatching, viability and cholinesterase activity of Artemia sp. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:79-89. [PMID: 29358113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brine shrimp Artemia was used as a model organism to test toxicity of several neuroactive pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CLP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CLP ox), diazinon (DZN), carbaryl (CBR)) following exposure to far below than lethal doses. Cysts were exposed to the pesticides in order to test a scenario similar to actual coastal environment contamination, by analyzing different responses. Cysts were rehydrated in water containing the pesticides at concentrations ranging from 10-11 to 10-5 M, for 72, 96 and 192 h, respectively. For these exposure times, morpho-functional and biochemical parameters, such as hatching speed and viability were investigated in the larvae together with cholinesterase (ChE) activity quantification and histochemical localization. Finally, ChE inhibition was also compared with conventional selective ChE inhibitors. Results showed that CLP ox and CBR caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in hatching speed, followed by high percentages of larval death, while CLP and DZN were responsible for irregular hatching patterns. In addition, the pesticides mostly caused larval death some days post-hatching, whereas this effect was negligible for the specific ChE inhibitors, suggesting that part of pesticide toxicity may be due to molecules other than the primary target. ChE activity was observed in the protocerebrum lobes, linked to the development of pair eyes. Such activity was inhibited in larvae exposed to all pesticides. When compared to conventional selective inhibitors of ChE activities, this inhibition demonstrated that the selected pesticides mainly affect acetylcholinesterase and, to a lesser extent, pseudocholinesterases. In conclusion, the brine shrimp is a good model to test the environmental toxicity of long term exposure to cholinergic pesticides, since changes in hatching speed, viability and ChE activity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Nichino
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ferrando
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Italy
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Lu J, Tian S, Lv X, Chen Z, Chen B, Zhu X, Cai Z. TiO 2 nanoparticles in the marine environment: Impact on the toxicity of phenanthrene and Cd 2+ to marine zooplankton Artemia salina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:375-380. [PMID: 28988072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of manufactured nanoparticles on the toxicity of co-existing pollutants in aquatic environments has raised increasing concerns. However, the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or metal ions in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) to marine zooplankton has been rarely reported. In the present study, the impacts of nTiO2 on the toxicity of phenanthrene (Phe) and cadium (Cd2+) to Artemia salina, a model marine zooplankton, were investigated. Although nTiO2 alone exerted a limited toxicity to A. salina within 48h of exposure, nTiO2 strongly altered the toxicity of Phe and Cd2+ to A. salina. Compared with the individual toxicities of pollutants to A. salina, the toxicities of Phe and Cd2+ increased by 2.0% and 12.2%, respectively, in the presence of 5mg/L nTiO2, but decreased by 24.5% and 57.1%, respectively, in the presence of 400mg/L nTiO2. These concentration-dependent impacts of nTiO2 on the toxicity of Phe or Cd2+ might be attributed to the concurrent functions of several interrelated factors including the adsorption of pollutants on nTiO2, the nTiO2-faciliated bioaccumulation of pollutants, the limited gut volume in organisms, and the aggregation and sedimentation behaviors of nTiO2. These results presented in the study could help understand the effects of manufactured nanomaterials in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organia Pollution Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China; Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyan Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organia Pollution Prevention and Control, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Bhuvaneshwari M, Thiagarajan V, Nemade P, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Toxicity and trophic transfer of P25 TiO 2 NPs from Dunaliella salina to Artemia salina: Effect of dietary and waterborne exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:39-46. [PMID: 28961468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in nanoparticle (P25 TiO2 NPs) usage has led to concerns regarding their potential implications on environment and human health. The food chain is the central pathway for nanoparticle transfer from lower to high trophic level organisms. The current study relies on the investigation of toxicity and trophic transfer potential of TiO2 NPs from marine algae Dunaliella salina to marine crustacean Artemia salina. Toxicity was measured in two different modes of exposure such as waterborne (exposure of TiO2 NPs to Artemia) and dietary exposure (NP-accumulated algal cells are used to feed the Artemia). The toxicity and accumulation of TiO2 NPs in marine algae D. salina were also studied. Artemia was found to be more sensitive to TiO2 NPs (48h LC50 of 4.21mgL-1) as compared to marine algae, D. salina (48h LC50 of 11.35mgL-1). The toxicity, uptake, and accumulation of TiO2 NPs were observed to be more in waterborne exposure as compared to dietary exposure. Waterborne exposure seemed to cause higher ROS production and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity as compared to dietary exposure of TiO2 NPs in Artemia. There were no observed biomagnification (BMF) and trophic transfer from algae to Artemia through dietary exposure. Histopathological studies confirmed the morphological and internal damages in Artemia. This study reiterates the possible effects of the different modes of exposure on trophic transfer potential of TiO2 NPs and eventually the consequences on aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhuvaneshwari
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | | | - Prateek Nemade
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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128
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Wang C, Jia H, Zhu L, Zhang H, Wang Y. Toxicity of α-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles to Artemia salina cysts and three stages of larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:847-855. [PMID: 28458202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artemia salina cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae (instar I, II and III) were exposed to α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3-NPs) to evaluate the effects on marine ecosystems. Hatchability, mortality and a number of ethological, morphological and biochemical parameters were selected as end-points to define the toxic responses. Results indicate that the hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts was significantly decreased (p<0.01) following exposure to 600mg/L at 12, 18, 24 and 36h. Both increases of mortality and decreases of swimming speed were shown concentration-dependent manners. The LC50 values for instar II and III were 177.424 and 235.495mg/L, respectively (not calculable for instar I), the EC50 values for instar I, II and III were 259.956, 99.064 and 129.088mg/L, respectively. Instar II larvae show the greatest sensitive to α-Fe2O3-NPs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Body lengths and individual dry weight of instar I, II and III larvae were decreased following exposure. α-Fe2O3-NPs attached onto the gills and body surface of larvae, resulting in irreversible damages. All of malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes activities were substantially increased in dose-dependent manners after exposure to α-Fe2O3-NPs suspensions, indicating that toxic effects were mediated by oxidative stress. Finally, the uptake result indicated that α-Fe2O3-NPs were ingested and distributed in the nephridial duct, primary body cavity and intestine of A. salina. Moreover, the uptake kinetics data show that the maximum α-Fe2O3-NPs content (8.818mg/g) was reached at 36h, and a steady state was reached after 60h. The combined results indicate that α-Fe2O3-NPs have the potential to affect aquatic life when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China.
| | - Huali Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China.
| | - Lili Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466000, China
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129
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Zhu S, Xue MY, Luo F, Chen WC, Zhu B, Wang GX. Developmental toxicity of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles on cysts and three larval stages of Artemia salina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:683-691. [PMID: 28715773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Artemia salina cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae (instar I, II and III) as experimental models, the potential effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) on marine ecosystems were investigated. Hatchability, mortality and a number of ethological, morphological and biochemical parameters were selected as end-points to define the toxic responses. Data showed that the hatching rates of capsulated and decapsulated cysts were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) following exposure to 600 mg/L for 24 and 36 h. The LC50 values for instar II and III were 482 and 561 mg/L (could not be measured for instar I), and the EC50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 474, 365 and 421 mg/L, respectively. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for Fe3O4-NPs rather than iron ion released from the NPs. Instar II larvae showed the greatest sensitivity to Fe3O4-NPs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Body lengths of instar I, II and III larvae were decreased in dose-dependent manners. Fe3O4-NPs attached onto the gills and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were substantially increased following exposure, indicating that toxic effects were related to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial malformation, cristae rupturing and membranous structure disruption were clearly observed after Fe3O4-NPs exposure. Fe3O4-NPs were ingested and well distributed in the gut, yolk and primary body cavity. Uptake kinetics data showed that the maximum Fe3O4-NPs content (16.4 mg/g) was reached at 30 h. The combined results so far indicate that Fe3O4-NPs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ming-Yang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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130
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Zhu S, Luo F, Tu X, Chen WC, Zhu B, Wang GX. Developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Artemia salina cysts and larvae: Uptake, accumulation, excretion and toxic responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:679-687. [PMID: 28711566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Artemia salina (A. salina) cysts (capsulated and decapsulated) and larvae [instar I (0-24 h), II (24-48 h) and III (48-72 h)] as experimental models, developmental toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was evaluated. Results revealed that hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) following exposure to 600 mg/L for 36 h. Mortality rates were 33.8, 55.7 and 40.7% for instar I, II and III larvae in 600 mg/L. The EC50 values for swimming inhibition of instar I, II and III were 535, 385 and 472 mg/L, respectively. Instar II showed the greatest sensitivity to O-MWCNTs, and followed by instar III, instar I, decapsulated cysts and capsulated cysts. Effects on hatchability, mortality and swimming were accounted for O-MWCNTs rather than metal catalyst impurities. Body length was decreased with the concentrations increased from 0 to 600 mg/L. O-MWCNTs attached onto the cysts, gill and body surface, resulting in irreversible damages. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities were increased following exposure, indicating that the effects were related to oxidative stress. O-MWCNTs were ingested and distributed in phagocyte, lipid vesicle and intestine. Most of the accumulated O-MWCNTs were excreted by A. salina at 72 h, but some still remained in the organism. Data of uptake kinetics showed that O-MWCNTs contents in A. salina were gradually increased from 1 to 48 h and followed by rapidly decreased from 48 to 72 h with a range from 5.5 to 28.1 mg/g. These results so far indicate that O-MWCNTs have the potential to affect aquatic organisms when released into the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao Tu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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131
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Maddela NR, Scalvenzi L, Venkateswarlu K. Microbial degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil: a field-scale study at the low-land rainforest of Ecuador. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2543-2550. [PMID: 27928937 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1270356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A field-level feasibility study was conducted to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-degrading potential of two bacterial strains, Bacillus thuringiensis B3 and B. cereus B6, and two fungi, Geomyces pannorum HR and Geomyces sp. strain HV, all soil isolates obtained from an oil field located in north-east region of Ecuador. Crude oil-treated soil samples contained in wooden boxes received a mixture of all the four microorganisms and were incubated for 90 days in an open low-land area of Amazon rainforest. The percent removal of TPHs in soil samples that received the mixed microbial inoculum was 87.45, indicating the great potential of the soil isolates in field-scale removal of crude oil. The TPHs-degrading efficiency was verified by determining the toxicity of residues, remained in soil after biodegradation, toward viability of Artemia salina or seed germination and plant growth of cowpea. Our results clearly suggest that the selected soil isolates of bacteria and fungi could be effectively used for large-scale bioremediation of sites contaminated with crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- a Department of Life Sciences , Universidad Estatal Amazónica , Puyo, Pastaza , Ecuador
- b School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Scalvenzi
- c Department of Earth Sciences , Universidad Estatal Amazónica , Puyo, Pastaza , Ecuador
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132
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Zhu S, Luo F, Chen W, Zhu B, Wang G. Toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on cysts and three larval stages of Artemia salina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:101-109. [PMID: 28380404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Artemia salina as an experimental model, the potential risks of graphene oxide (GO) to marine ecosystems were investigated. Hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts, mortality of instar I, II and III larvae, and a number of morphological, ethological and physiological parameters were selected as end-points for toxicity assessment. Our results show that GO significantly decreased (p<0.01) the hatchability of capsulated and decapsulated cysts following exposure to 400 and 600mg/L for 36h. There was a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in swimming speed of larvae, and instar II larvae showed a greater sensitivity compared with instar I and instar III larvae. The LC50 values of instar II and III were 368.18 and 387.68mg/L, respectively (not calculable for instar I). The EC50 values for swimming speed alteration of instar I, II and III were 415.13, 273.50 and 289.05mg/L, respectively. Moreover, body lengths and individual dry weight of larvae (instar I, II and III) also decreased in dose-dependent manners. GO attached onto the surface of cysts and larvae, resulting in irreversible damage to the larval body surface. All of malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase activity of A. salina larvae substantially increased in dose-dependent manners after exposure to GO suspensions, indicating that toxic effects were due to oxidative damages. However, for the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, GO induced different effects on the larvae. Finally, the uptake result indicated that GO was ingested and concentrated in the gut, and was visible within the primary body cavity and yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Ruiz-González LE, Vázquez-Zea JA, Vega-Villasante F, Guzmán-Dávalos L, Guerrero-Galván SR. [Evaluation of the toxicity of Basidiomycota fungi on the hatching of Artemia franciscana cysts]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:220-224. [PMID: 28830736 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of wild mushrooms has increased in recent years. However, not all mushrooms are edible and some of them may cause poisoning. Therefore, their toxicity needs to be studied. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean used in toxicity tests including toxins of fungi. AIMS To determine the percentage of inhibition and mortality produced by extracts of several basidiomycetes on the hatching of A. franciscana cysts. METHODS Aqueous extracts were prepared from 15 species of mushrooms collected from Jalisco state, Mexico. Different concentrations of the extracts were assayed in order to test their toxicity. Potassium dichromate and artificial seawater were the positive and negative controls, respectively. The percentages of hatching and mortality of the cysts were evaluated. RESULTS Inhibition of hatching greater than 80% in all the concentrations tested was found in 13 of the 15 species studied, in contrast to the positive control, which inhibited cyst hatching less than 50% in all cases. The highest percentage of mortality in the cysts was caused by the aqueous extracts of Amanita virosa, Leucopaxillus amarus, and Tylopilus violatinctus, and the lowest by Macrolepiota mastoidea. CONCLUSIONS The brine shrimp bioassay appeared to be useful in the evaluation of the toxicity of several basidiomycetes, with the exception of Scleroderma texense, a mushroom considered poisonous, which showed no toxicity over A. franciscana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Ruiz-González
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Antonio Vázquez-Zea
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México; Licenciatura en Biología, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México
| | - Fernando Vega-Villasante
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México
| | - Laura Guzmán-Dávalos
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Saúl Rogelio Guerrero-Galván
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.
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Damasceno ÉP, de Figuerêdo LP, Pimentel MF, Loureiro S, Costa-Lotufo LV. Prediction of toxicity of zinc and nickel mixtures to Artemia sp. at various salinities: From additivity to antagonism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:322-329. [PMID: 28433597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the toxicity of metal mixtures to marine organisms exposed to different salinities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute toxicity of zinc and nickel exposures singly and in combination to Artemia sp. under salinities of 10, 17, and 35 psu. The mixture concentrations were determined according to individual toxic units (TUs) to follow a fixed ratio design. Zinc was more toxic than nickel, and both their individual toxicities were higher at lower salinities. These changes in toxicity can be attributed to the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) rather than to metal speciation. To analyze the mixture effect, the observed data were compared with the expected mixture effects predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model and by deviations for synergistic/antagonistic interactions and dose-level and dose-ratio dependencies. For a salinity of 35 psu, the mixture had no deviations; therefore, the effects were additive. After decreasing the salinity to 17 psu, the toxicity pattern changed to antagonism at low concentrations and synergism at higher equivalent LC50 levels. For the lowest salinity tested (10 psu), antagonism was observed. The speciations of both metals were similar when in a mixture and when isolated, and changes in toxicity patterns are more related to the organism's physiology than metal speciation. Therefore, besides considering chemical interactions in real-world scenarios, where several chemicals can be present, the influence of abiotic factors, such as salinity, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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135
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Ghosh P, Thakur IS, Kaushik A. Bioassays for toxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:259-270. [PMID: 28359992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most common solid waste management practice. However, there exist a potential environmental risk to the surface and ground waters due to the possible leaching of contaminants from the landfill leachates. Current municipal solid waste landfill regulatory approaches consider physicochemical characterization of the leachate and do not assess their potential toxicity. However, assessment of toxic effects of the leachates using rapid, sensitive and cost-effective biological assays is more useful in assessing the risks as they measure the overall toxicity of the chemicals in the leachate. Nevertheless, more research is needed to develop an appropriate matrix of bioassays based on their sensitivity to various toxicants in order to evaluate leachate toxicity. There is a need for a multispecies approach using organisms representing different trophic levels so as to understand the potential impacts of leachate on different trophic organisms. The article reviews different bioassays available for assessing the hazard posed by landfill leachates. From the review it appears that there is a need for a multispecies approach to evaluate leachate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Anubha Kaushik
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi 110078, India.
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Giarma E, Amanetidou E, Toufexi A, Touraki M. Defense systems in developing Artemia franciscana nauplii and their modulation by probiotic bacteria offer protection against a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:163-172. [PMID: 28478257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The alterations of immune responses of Artemia franciscana nauplii as a function of culture time and after a challenge with the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum were studied. The effect of the administration of the probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis either alone or in combination with the pathogen was evaluated. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GRed), Glutathione transferase (GST) and Phenoloxidase (PO) presented a significant increase as a function of culture time, appeared elevated following probiotic administration and were depleted 48 h following the experimental challenge. Lipid peroxidation reached peak levels at 48 h of culture, when nauplii start feeding and returned to lower values at 144 h, remaining however significantly higher than control (P < 0.05). The three probiotics significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in comparison with the corresponding control, while challenge with the pathogen resulted in its threefold increase. Survival of nauplii remained high throughout culture and was either increased or remained at control levels following the administration of the probiotics. The challenge with the pathogen resulted in a significantly decreased survival of 15.3% for the positive control, while in the probiotic treated series survival values were not significantly different from the negative control (P > 0.05). Following a combined administration of each probiotic and the pathogen the activities of all enzymes tested were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the negative control (no treatment), but higher than the positive control (challenge, no probiotic). Lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in the probiotic treated series in comparison to the positive control (P < 0.001). The results of the present study provide evidence that major alterations take place as a function of culture time of Artemia nauplii. In addition the pathogen induces an oxidative stress response. The probiotics B. subtilis, L. plantarum and L. lactis protect Artemia against a V. anguillarum challenge by enhancing its immune responses thus contributing to reduced oxidative damage and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Giarma
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Amanetidou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexia Toufexi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Balalakshmi C, Gopinath K, Govindarajan M, Lokesh R, Arumugam A, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Benelli G. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a cheap Sphaeranthus indicus extract: Impact on plant cells and the aquatic crustacean Artemia nauplii. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:598-605. [PMID: 28697477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impact of green-fabricated gold nanoparticles on plant cells and non-target aquatic species is scarcely studied. In this research, we reported an environment friendly technique for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the Sphaeranthus indicus leaf extract. The formation of the metal NPs was characterized by UV-Visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The UV-Visible spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 531nm. FT-IR analysis indicated functional bio-molecules associated with Au NPs formation. The crystalline nature of Au nanoparticles was confirmed by their XRD diffraction pattern. TEM revealed the spherical shape with a mean particle size of 25nm. Au NPs was tested at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10% doses in mitotic cell division assays, pollen germination experiments, and in vivo toxicity trials against the aquatic crustacean Artemia nauplii. Au NPs did not show any toxic effects on plant cells and aquatic invertebrates. Notably, Au NPs promoted mitotic cell division in Allium cepa root tip cells and germination of Gloriosa superba pollen grains. Au NPs showed no mortality on A. nauplii, all the tested animals showed 100% survivability. Therefore, these Au NPs have potential applications in the development of pollen germination media and plant tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Balalakshmi
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Gopinath
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Lokesh
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyakannu Arumugam
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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138
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Islam MT, Streck L, de Alencar MVOB, Cardoso Silva SW, da Conceição Machado K, da Conceição Machado K, Gomes Júnior AL, Paz MFCJ, da Mata AMOF, de Castro E Sousa JM, da Costa Junior JS, Lins Rolim HM, da Silva-Junior AA, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of phytol and its nanoemulsion. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 177:93-101. [PMID: 28284120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytol (PYT) is a diterpenoid having important biological activity. However, it is a water non-soluble compound. This study aims to prepare PYT nanoemulsion (PNE) and evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of PYT and PNE. For this, the PNE was prepared by the phase inversion method. The cytotoxicity test was performed in Artemia salina, while toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Allium cepa at concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM. Potassium dichromate and copper sulfate were used as positive controls for the tests of A. salina and A. cepa, respectively. In addition, an adaptation response was detected in A. cepa by using the comet assay. The results suggest that both PYT and PNE exhibited toxic and cytotoxic effects at 4-16 mM in either test system, while genotoxicity at 2-16 mM in A. cepa. PNE exhibited more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 8 and 16 mM than the PYT. However, both PYT and PNE at 2 and 4 mM decreased the index and frequency of damage in A. cepa after 48 and 72 h, suggesting a possible adaptation response or DNA damage preventing capacity. Nanoemulsified PYT (PNE) may readily cross the biological membranes with an increase in bioavailability and produce more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the used test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibag, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - Leticia Streck
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Samara Wanessa Cardoso Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64.049-550, Brazil
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139
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Deese RD, Weldeghiorghis TK, Haywood BJ, Cook RL. Influence of surfactants and humic acids on Artemia Franciscana's embryonic phospho-metabolite profile as measured by 31P NMR. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:188-195. [PMID: 28285196 PMCID: PMC5488694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants, such as triton X-100 (Tx-100), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are known to be toxic to Artemia Franciscana (Artemia) - an organism, frequently used to monitor the health of the aquatic environment. The phospho-metabolite profile of a living organism is often indicative of imbalances that may have been caused by environmental stressors, such as surfactants. This study utilizes in vivo31P NMR to monitor temporal changes in the phospho-metabolite profile of Artemia caused by Tx-100, CPC, and SDS and the ability of humic acid (HA) to mitigate the toxicity of these surfactants. It was found that, while Tx-100 does not have any effect on the phospho-metabolite profile, both CPC and SDS cause a complete retardation in growth of the phosphodiester (PDE) peak in the 31P NMR spectrum, which is indicative of the inhibited cell replication. This growth inhibition was independently verified by the decreased guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentration in the CPC and SDS-exposed Artemia. In addition, upon introduction of HA to the CPC and SDS-exposed Artemia, an increase of PDE peak over time is indicative of HA mitigating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Deese
- Choppin Hall, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin J Haywood
- Choppin Hall, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Choppin Hall, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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140
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Kumar D, Roy R, Parashar A, Raichur AM, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee A. Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1617-1627. [PMID: 28101988 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe2+ ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC50 value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations. Between chemically and biologically synthesized nZVI nanoparticles, insignificant differences in the level of mortality were demonstrated. At even 24 h, Fe2+ ion imparted complete lethality at the highest exposure concentration (100 mg/L). To understand intracellular oxidative stress because of zero valent iron nanoparticles, ROS estimation, SOD activity, GSH activity, and catalase activity was performed which demonstrated that ionic form of iron is quite lethal at high concentrations as compared with the same concentration of nZVI exposure. Lower concentrations of nZVI were more toxic as compared with the ionic form and was in order of CS-nZVI > BS-nZVI > Fe2+ . Cell membrane damage and bio-uptake of nanoparticles were also evaluated for all three concentrations of BS-nZVI, CS-nZVI, and Fe2+ using adult Artemia salina in marine water; both of which supported the observations made in toxicity assessment. This study can be further explored to exploit Artemia salina as a model organism and a biomarker in an nZVI prone aquatic system to detect toxic levels of these nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1617-1627, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Rajdeep Roy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | | | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anita Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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141
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Neves RAF, Fernandes T, Santos LND, Nascimento SM. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175168. [PMID: 28388672 PMCID: PMC5384755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae may differently affect their primary grazers, causing sub-lethal effects and/or leading to their death. The present study aim to compare the effects of three toxic benthic dinoflagellates on clearance and grazing rates, behavioral changes, and survival of Artemia salina. Feeding assays consisted in 1-h incubations of brine shrimps with the toxic Prorocentrum lima, Gambierdiscus excentricus and Ostreopsis cf. ovata and the non-toxic Tetraselmis sp. Brine shrimps fed unselectively on all toxic and non-toxic algal preys, without significant differences in clearance and ingestion rates. Acute toxicity assays were performed with dinoflagellate cells in two growth phases during 7-h to assess differences in cell toxicity to A. salina. Additionally, exposure to cell-free medium was performed to evaluate its effects on A. salina survival. The behavior of brine shrimps significantly changed during exposure to the toxic dinoflagellates, becoming immobile at the bottom by the end of the trials. Dinoflagellates significantly affected A. salina survival with 100% mortality after 7-h exposure to cells in exponential phase (all treatments) and to P. lima in stationary phase. Mortality rates of brine shrimps exposed to O. cf. ovata and G. excentricus in stationary phase were 91% and 75%, respectively. However, incubations of the brine shrimps with cell-free medium did not affect A. salina survivorship. Significant differences in toxic effects between cell growth phases were only found in the survival rates of A. salina exposed to G. excentricus. Acute exposure to benthic toxic dinoflagellates induced harmful effects on behavior and survival of A. salina. Negative effects related to the toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates are thus expected on their primary grazers making them more vulnerable to predation and vectors of toxins through the marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá Fernandes
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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142
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Li Y, Wang Y, Fu L, Gao Y, Zhao H, Zhou W. Aerobic-heterotrophic nitrogen removal through nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation by marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Y1-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:103-111. [PMID: 28167356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Y1-5 was screened to achieve efficient nitrate and ammonium removal simultaneously and fix nitrogen in cells without N loss. Approximately 98.0% of nitrate (100mg/L) was removed in 48h through assimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase was detected in the cytoplasm. Instead of nitrification, the strain assimilated ammonium directly, and it could tolerate as high as 1600mg/L ammonium concentration while removing 844.6mg/L. In addition, ammonium assimilation occurred preferentially in the medium containing nitrate and ammonium with a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 80.4%. The results of nitrogen balance and Fourier infrared spectra illustrated that the removed nitrogen was all transformed to protein or stored as organic nitrogen substances in cells and no N was lost in the process. Toxicological studies with the brine shrimp species Artemia naupliia indicated that Vibrio sp. Y1-5 can be applied in aquatic ecosystems safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yizhan Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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143
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Reis DB, Acosta NG, Almansa E, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Andrade JP, Sykes AV, Rodríguez C. Comparative study on fatty acid metabolism of early stages of two crustacean species: Artemia sp. metanauplii and Grapsus adscensionis zoeae, as live prey for marine animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 204:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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144
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Bhuvaneshwari M, Sagar B, Doshi S, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Comparative study on toxicity of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles on Artemia salina: effect of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5633-5646. [PMID: 28039626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxicity potential of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles under pre-UV-A irradiation and visible light condition on Artemia salina. The nanoparticle suspension was prepared in seawater medium and exposed under pre-UV-A (0.23 mW/cm2) and visible light (0.18 mW/cm2) conditions. The aggregation profiles of both nanoparticles (NPs) and dissolution of ZnO NPs under both irradiation conditions at various kinetic intervals (1, 24, 48 h) were studied. The 48-h LC50 values were found to be 27.62 and 71.63 mg/L for ZnO NPs and 117 and 120.9 mg/L for TiO2 NPs under pre-UV-A and visible light conditions. ZnO NPs were found to be more toxic to A. salina as compared to TiO2 NPs. The enhanced toxicity was observed under pre-UV-A-irradiated ZnO NPs, signifying its phototoxicity. Accumulation of ZnO and TiO2 NPs into A. salina depends on the concentration of particles and type irradiations. Elimination of accumulated nanoparticles was also evident under both irradiation conditions. Other than ZnO NPs, the dissolved Zn2+ also had a significant effect on toxicity and accumulation in A. salina. Increased catalase (CAT) activity in A. salina indicates the generation of oxidative stress due to NP interaction. Thus, this study provides an understanding of the toxicity of photoreactive ZnO and TiO2 NPs as related to the effects of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhuvaneshwari
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Bhawana Sagar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Siddharth Doshi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
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145
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Harbi K, Makridis P, Koukoumis C, Papadionysiou M, Vgenis T, Kornaros M, Ntaikou I, Giokas S, Dailianis S. Evaluation of a battery of marine species-based bioassays against raw and treated municipal wastewaters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:537-546. [PMID: 27676080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates a battery of marine species-based bioassays against chemically characterized municipal wastewater samples (raw and WWTP treated). We estimated Dunaliella tertiolecta growth rate inhibition (24-96h IC50 values), Artemia franciscana immobilization (24h LC50 values), mussel hemocytes viability and lipid peroxidation enhancement (in terms of neutral red retention assay/NRRT and malondialdehyde/MDA content, respectively) in influent- and WWTP effluent-treated species. We found algal growth arrest and stimulation respectively, almost similar 24hLC50 values in Artemia sp., and significantly higher adverse effects (in terms of NRRT and MDA levels) in influent-treated mussel hemocytes. Furthermore, the estimation of hatchability, yolk-sac larvae mortality (24-120hLC50) and spinal deformities (SD) in sea bream Sparus aurata showed slight variations over time, with the lowest LC50 and SD50 (representing spinal deformities at 50% of yolk-sac larvae) values to be observed in influent-treated larvae at 120h. Data interpretation (both chemical and biological) revealed that toxic endpoints, such as NRRT50, 96hIC50Dun, 120hLC50Sparus and 120hSD50Sparus, significantly related to WWTP removal efficiency and further mediated by the presence of dominant compounds, such as As and Cr, could be used for identifying main components of toxicity in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Harbi
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Christos Koukoumis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Papadionysiou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vgenis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, GR 26 504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
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146
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Dahms HU, Won EJ, Kim HS, Han J, Park HG, Souissi S, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Potential of the small cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana as an invertebrate model for ecotoxicity testing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:282-294. [PMID: 27770640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates contribute significantly to environmental impact assessment of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Much effort has been made to identify viable and ecologically relevant invertebrate test organisms to meet rigorous regulatory requirements. Copepods, which are ecologically important and widely distributed in aquatic organisms, offer a huge opportunity as test organisms for aquatic toxicity testing. They have a major role not only in the transfer of energy in aquatic food chains, but also as a medium of transfer of aquatic pollutants across the tropic levels. In this regard, a supratidal and benthic harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori (order Harpacticoida) has shown promising characteristics as a test organism in the field of ecotoxicology. Because there is a need to standardize a battery of test organisms from species in different phylogenetic and critical ecosystem positions, it is important to identify another unrelated planktonic species for wider application and comparison. In this regard, the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov (order Cyclopoida) has emerged as a potential test organism to meet such requirements. Like T. japonicus, it has a number of features that make it a candidate worth consideration in such efforts. Recently, the genomics of P. nana has been unraveled. Data on biochemical and molecular responses of P. nana against exposure to environmental chemicals and other stressors have been collected. Recently, sequences and expression profiles of a number of genes in P. nana encoding for heat shock proteins, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidants have been reported. These genes serve as potential biomarkers in biomonitoring of environmental pollutants. Moreover, the application of gene expression techniques and the use of its whole transcriptome have allowed evaluation of transcriptional changes in P. nana with the ultimate aim of understanding the mechanisms of action of environmental stressors. Whole-animal bioassays and gene expression studies indicate that P. nana may serve as an excellent tool to evaluate the impact of diverse disturbances in the marine environment. With a better understanding of toxicological mechanisms, ecotoxicologists will be able to understand defense mechanisms against toxicants in copepods. In this review, we illustrate the potential of P. nana as an alternative as well as a complementary invertebrate model organism for risk assessment of aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Bioscience, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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147
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Pestana JLT, Novais SC, Norouzitallab P, Vandegehuchte MB, Bossier P, De Schamphelaere KAC. Non-lethal heat shock increases tolerance to metal exposure in brine shrimp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:663-670. [PMID: 27619211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and temperature increase are two of the most important stressors that aquatic organisms are facing. Exposure to elevated temperatures and metal contamination both induce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may thus be involved in the induced cross-tolerance in various organisms. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) causes an increased tolerance to subsequent metal exposure. Using gnotobiotic cultures of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, the tolerance to Cd and Zn acute exposures was tested after a prior NLHS treatment (30min exposure to 37°C). The effects of NLHS and metal exposure were also assessed by measuring 70kDa-HSPs production, along with the analysis of epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation. Our results showed that heat-shocked Artemia had increased acute tolerance to Cd and Zn. However, different patterns of HSPs were observed between the two metal compounds and no epigenetic alterations were observed in response to heat shock or metal exposure. These results suggest that HSP production is a phenotypically plastic trait with a potential role in temperature-induced tolerance to metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM - University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium; Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Michiel B Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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148
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Mo HH, Kim Y, Lee YS, Bae YJ, Khim JS, Cho K. Burrowing mayfly Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) as a new test species for pesticide toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18766-18776. [PMID: 27316648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential of mayfly Ephemera orientalis McLachlan eggs and first-instar larvae in ecotoxicological testing was investigated. Both stages of E. orientalis showed high tolerance to various environmental variables, such as water temperature, pH, water hardness, and dissolved organic carbon. Toxicological assays were conducted with three insecticides (emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, and cypermethrin), one fungicide (mancozeb), and one herbicide (paraquat dichloride). The two toxicity endpoints for the assay were the 14-day egg median hatching rate (EHC50) in static and renewal exposure systems and 24-h median larval mortality (LC50). Cypermethrin was the most toxic to both eggs (EHC50 in static system = 36.9 μg/L; EHC50 in renewal system < 0.15 μg/L) and larvae (LC50 = 4.5 μg/L), and paraquat dichloride was the least toxic to eggs (EHC50 in static system = 54,359.8 μg/L; EHC50 in renewal system = 49541.3 μg/L) and larvae (LC50 = 9259.5 μg/L). The results were compared to literature data of Daphnia magna Straus and Cloeon dipterum Linnaeus to determine its relative sensitivity to pesticides. These three species had different toxicities to the tested pesticides, especially according to the exposure system. E. orientalis eggs in the static system were found to be less sensitive were D. magna and C. dipterum, but eggs in the renewal system and larvae had similar or higher sensitivities to the tested pesticides. The results revealed that this species has potential for use in ecotoxicological testing of pesticides. Because of its geographic distribution, E. orientalis may be used as an alternative or complementary test species for ecotoxicological studies in Northeast Asian countries, where natural populations of the international standard species, D. magna, are rarely found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Ho Mo
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yongeun Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kijong Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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149
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Filimonova V, Gonçalves F, Marques JC, De Troch M, Gonçalves AMM. Biochemical and toxicological effects of organic (herbicide Primextra(®) Gold TZ) and inorganic (copper) compounds on zooplankton and phytoplankton species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:33-43. [PMID: 27239776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, mainly in the Mediterranean region, an intensive usage of pesticides was recorded during the past 30 years. According to information from agricultural cooperatives of the Mondego valley (Figueira da Foz, Portugal), Primextra(®) Gold TZ is the most used herbicide in corn crop fields and one of the 20 best-selling herbicides in Portugal. Copper is mainly used in pesticide formulations. This study aims to determine the ecotoxicological and biochemical (namely fatty acid profiles) effects of the herbicide Primextra(®) Gold TZ and the metal copper on marine plankton. The organisms used in this study are three planktonic species: the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa and nauplii of the marine brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Fatty acids (FAs) are one of the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface in aquatic food webs and can be used as good indicators of stress. The conducted lab incubations show that T. weissflogii is the most sensitive species to the herbicide followed by A. tonsa (EC50=0.0078mg/L and EC50=0.925mg/L, respectively), whereas the copepod was the most sensitive species to the metal followed by T. weissflogii (EC50=0.234mg/L and EC50=0.383mg/L, respectively). A. franciscana was the most tolerant organism both to the herbicide and to the metal (EC50=20.35mg/L and EC50=18.93mg/L, respectively). Changes in the FA profiles of primary producer and primary consumers were observed, with the increase of saturated FA and decrease of unsaturated FA contents, especially of highly unsaturated FAs that can be obtained mainly from food and therefore are referred to as 'essential FA'. The study suggests that discharges of Primextra(®) Gold TZ or other pesticides mainly composed by copper may be a threat to plankton populations causing changes in the FA contents and thus in their nutritive value, with severe repercussions for higher trophic levels and thus the entire food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Filimonova
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University. Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João C Marques
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University. Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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150
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Costa E, Piazza V, Gambardella C, Moresco R, Prato E, Biandolino F, Cassin D, Botter M, Maurizio D, D'Adamo R, Fabbrocini A, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Ecotoxicological effects of sediments from Mar Piccolo, South Italy: toxicity testing with organisms from different trophic levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12755-12769. [PMID: 26423289 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) is a semi-enclosed and strongly polluted basin. For decades, it has been subjected to different anthropogenic impacts. These stressors caused severe sediments contamination with high concentration of different pollutants (PAHs, PCB, heavy metals). In order to assess the current status of sediments contamination, an ecotoxicological investigation combined with chemical analysis (heavy metals, PAH, and PCB) has been performed. In order to derive ecologically relevant conclusions, a multiorganisms and multiend-points approach has been applied, exposing organisms from different trophic levels to elutriate and whole sediment. The battery of bioassays consists of a microalgal growth inhibition test (Dunaliella tertiolecta), acute and sublethal assays (end-points: mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) on crustaceans larvae and juveniles, and rotifers (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Artemia salina, Corophium insidiosum and Brachionus plicatilis), and embryotoxicity test on echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus). Considering the high levels of sediment contamination highlighted from chemical analysis, an unexpected very low toxic effect was observed, even considering the sublethal end-point (larval swimming speed alteration). The results of this study suggest a very complex contaminants dynamic in the Mar Piccolo sediments that, despite a strong level of contamination, seems to not affect in a proportional manner the biological compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Costa
- CNR- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- CNR- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- CNR- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Moresco
- CNR- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Costa Edutainment S.p.A., Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genova, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Prato
- CNR - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesca Biandolino
- CNR - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy
| | - Daniele Cassin
- CNR- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Margherita Botter
- CNR- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Daniela Maurizio
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), via Pola 4, 71010, Lesina, FG, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Adamo
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), via Pola 4, 71010, Lesina, FG, Italy
| | - Adele Fabbrocini
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), via Pola 4, 71010, Lesina, FG, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- CNR- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- CNR- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, VE, Italy.
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