101
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Kim G, Chen X, Yang Y. Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1119-1132. [PMID: 35426061 PMCID: PMC9587178 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), once considered a pathway for cells to remove waste, have now emerged as an important mechanism for intercellular communication. EVs are particularly appealing in understanding the central nervous system (CNS) communication, given that there are very diverse cell types in the CNS and constant communications among various cells to respond to the frequently changing environment. While they are heterogeneous and new vesicles are continuously to be discovered, EVs are primarily classified as plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) and endosome-derived exosomes. Secretion of EVs has been shown from all CNS cell types in vitro and intercellular EV signaling has been implicated in neural development, axon integrity, neuron to glia communication, and propagation of protein aggregates formed by disease pathogenic proteins. However, significant hurdles remain to be tackled in understanding their physiological and pathological roles as well as how they can be developed as biomarkers or new therapeutics. Here we provide our summary on the known cell biology of EVs and discuss opportunities and challenges in understanding EV biology in the CNS and particularly their involvement in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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102
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Ben XY, Wang YR, Zheng HH, Li DX, Ren R, Ni PL, Zhang HY, Feng RJ, Li YQ, Li QF, Yi XN. Construction of Exosomes that Overexpress CD47 and Evaluation of Their Immune Escape. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:936951. [PMID: 35845399 PMCID: PMC9279928 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.936951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our general purpose was to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for the use of exosomes (EXOs) that have high levels of CD47 as stable and efficient drug carriers. Thus, we prepared EXOs from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) that had high levels of CD47 (EXOsCD47) and control EXOs (without CD47), and then compared their immune escape in vivo and their resistance to phagocytosis in vitro. Nanoflow cytometry was used to determine the CD47 level in these EXOs, and the amount of EXOsCD47 that remained in rat plasma at 3 h after intraperitoneal injection. Phagocytosis of the EXOs was also determined using in vitro rat macrophage bone marrow (RMA-BM) experiments. Our in vitro results showed that macrophages ingested significantly more control EXOs than EXOsCD47 (p < 0.01), with confirmation by ultra-high-definition laser confocal microscopy. Consistently, our in vivo results showed that rats had 1.377-fold better retention of EXOsCD47 than control EXOs (p < 0.01). These results confirmed that these engineered EXOsCD47 had improved immune escape. Our results therefore verified that EXOsCD47 had increased immune evasion relative to control EXOs, and have potential for use as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Ben
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - De-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Pan-Li Ni
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ren-Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi-Fu Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Nan Yi, ; Qi-Fu Li,
| | - Xi-Nan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-Nan Yi, ; Qi-Fu Li,
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103
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang M, Huang Z, Wang Q, Qing L, Li L, Xu S, Jia B. Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges of Exosomes in Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2679-2705. [PMID: 35733418 PMCID: PMC9208818 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s365594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with more than 300,000 cases diagnosed each year, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90%, with a 5-year survival rate of only 40–60%, and poor prognosis. Exploring new strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer is key to improving the survival rate. Exosomes are nanoscale lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are secreted by almost all cell types. During the development of oral cancer, exosomes can transport their contents (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc) to target cells and promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of oral cancer cells by influencing the host immune response, drug-resistant metastasis, and tumour angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes have great potential and advantages as biomarkers for oral cancer diagnosis, and as drug delivery vehicles or targets for oral cancer therapy. In this review, we first describe the biogenesis, biological functions, and isolation methods of exosomes, followed by their relationship with oral cancer. Here, we focused on the potential of exosomes as oral cancer biomarkers, drug carriers, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we provide an insightful discussion of the opportunities and challenges of exosome application in oral cancer diagnosis and treatment, intending to offer new ideas for the clinical management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qing
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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104
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Bahmani L, Ullah M. Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131989. [PMID: 35805074 PMCID: PMC9265969 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of natural cell-derived nanostructures that are increasingly regarded as promising biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles in human medicine. Desirable intrinsic properties of EVs including the ability to bypass natural membranous barriers and to deliver their unique biomolecular cargo to specific cell populations position them as fiercely competitive alternatives for currently available cell therapies and artificial drug delivery platforms. EVs with distinct characteristics can be released from various cell types into the extracellular environment as a means of transmitting bioactive components and altering the status of the target cell. Despite the existence of a large number of preclinical studies confirming the therapeutic efficacy of different originated EVs for treating several pathological conditions, in this review, we first provide a brief overview of EV biophysical properties with an emphasis on their intrinsic therapeutic benefits over cell-based therapies and synthetic delivery systems. Next, we describe in detail different EVs derived from distinct cell sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and recapitulate their therapeutic effects on various human disorders to highlight the progress made in harnessing EVs for clinical applications. Finally, knowledge gaps and concrete hurdles that currently hinder the clinical translation of EV therapies are debated with a futuristic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bahmani
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence:
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105
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Wei W, Pan Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Heng Y, Yang B, Pu M, Zuo J, Lai Z, Tang Y, Xin W. The Emerging Role of the Interaction of Extracellular Vesicle and Autophagy-Novel Insights into Neurological Disorders. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3395-3407. [PMID: 35706531 PMCID: PMC9191200 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s362865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, apoptotic bodies and microvesicles. EVs carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids specific to cells and cell states. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process, which, along with EVs, can significantly affect the development and progression of neurological diseases and, therefore, has been the hotspot. Generally, EVs and autophagy are closely associated. EVs and autophagy can interact with each other. On the one hand, the level of autophagy in target cells is closely related to the secretion and transport of EVs. In another, the application of EVs provides a great opportunity for adjuvant treatment of neurological disorders, for which autophagy is an excellent target. EVs can release their cargos into target cells, which, in turn, regulate the autophagic level of target cells through autophagy-related proteins directly and the non-coding RNA, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) 1-B, etc. signaling pathways indirectly, thus regulating the development of related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonglun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Heng
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bufan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Pu
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuhong Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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106
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Kulig K, Karnas E, Woznicka O, Kuleta P, Zuba-Surma E, Pyza E, Osyczka A, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Insight Into the Properties and Immunoregulatory Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879237. [PMID: 35734578 PMCID: PMC9207348 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, non-albicans Candida species, including C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, are becoming an increasing epidemiological threat, predominantly due to the distinct collection of virulence mechanisms, as well as emerging resistance to antifungal drugs typically used in the treatment of candidiasis. They can produce biofilms that release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanometric spherical structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer, transporting diversified biologically active cargo, that may be involved in intercellular communication, biofilm matrix production, and interaction with the host. In this work, we characterize the size and protein composition of these structures for three species of non-albicans Candida fungi forming biofilm, indicating considerable heterogeneity of the investigated population of fungal EVs. Examination of the influence of EVs on cytokine production by the human monocytic cell line THP-1 differentiated into macrophage-like cells revealed that the tested vesicles have a stimulating effect on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 8, while they reduce the production of interleukin 10. This may indicate the proinflammatory nature of the effect of EVs produced by these species on the host immune cells. Moreover, it has been indicated that vesicles may be involved in C. tropicalis biofilm resistance to fluconazole and caspofungin. This reveals the important role of EVs not only in the physiology of C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis fungi but also in the pathogenesis of infections associated with the production of fungal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulig
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patryk Kuleta
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- *Correspondence: Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta,
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107
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Laporte MH, Chi KI, Caudal LC, Zhao N, Schwarz Y, Rolland M, Martinez-Hernandez J, Martineau M, Chatellard C, Denarier E, Mercier V, Lemaître F, Blot B, Moutaux E, Cazorla M, Perrais D, Lanté F, Bruns D, Fraboulet S, Hemming FJ, Kirchhoff F, Sadoul R. Alix is required for activity-dependent bulk endocytosis at brain synapses. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001659. [PMID: 35658004 PMCID: PMC9200306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In chemical synapses undergoing high frequency stimulation, vesicle components can be retrieved from the plasma membrane via a clathrin-independent process called activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). Alix (ALG-2-interacting protein X/PDCD6IP) is an adaptor protein binding to ESCRT and endophilin-A proteins which is required for clathrin-independent endocytosis in fibroblasts. Alix is expressed in neurons and concentrates at synapses during epileptic seizures. Here, we used cultured neurons to show that Alix is recruited to presynapses where it interacts with and concentrates endophilin-A during conditions triggering ADBE. Using Alix knockout (ko) neurons, we showed that this recruitment, which requires interaction with the calcium-binding protein ALG-2, is necessary for ADBE. We also found that presynaptic compartments of Alix ko hippocampi display subtle morphological defects compatible with flawed synaptic activity and plasticity detected electrophysiologically. Furthermore, mice lacking Alix in the forebrain undergo less seizures during kainate-induced status epilepticus and reduced propagation of the epileptiform activity. These results thus show that impairment of ADBE due to the lack of neuronal Alix leads to abnormal synaptic recovery during physiological or pathological repeated stimulations. The adaptor protein Alix (PDCD6IP) is necessary for membrane shaping underlying various biological processes including endocytosis. This study shows that Alix mediates activity-dependent bulk endocytosis and is required for correct synaptic physiology under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine H. Laporte
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MHL); (FK); (RS)
| | - Kwang Il Chi
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura C. Caudal
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Na Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Molecular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rolland
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - José Martinez-Hernandez
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Magalie Martineau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Chatellard
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes—CNRS-CEA UMR 5075, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Département des Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du centre hospitalier de Montréal, Canada
| | - Béatrice Blot
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Moutaux
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Cazorla
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Neuroscience la Timone, CNRS UMR7289, Marseille, France
| | - David Perrais
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux-CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Lanté
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Molecular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1209—CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Fiona J. Hemming
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MHL); (FK); (RS)
| | - Rémy Sadoul
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes—INSERM U1216—CEA, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes—CNRS-CEA UMR 5075, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (MHL); (FK); (RS)
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108
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Shafiq M, Da Vela S, Amin L, Younas N, Harris DA, Zerr I, Altmeppen HC, Svergun D, Glatzel M. The prion protein and its ligands: Insights into structure-function relationships. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119240. [PMID: 35192891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prion protein is a multifunctional protein that exists in at least two different folding states. It is subject to diverse proteolytic processing steps that lead to prion protein fragments some of which are membrane-bound whereas others are soluble. A multitude of ligands bind to the prion protein and besides proteinaceous binding partners, interaction with metal ions and nucleic acids occurs. Although of great importance, information on structural and functional consequences of prion protein binding to its partners is limited. Here, we will reflect on the structure-function relationship of the prion protein and its binding partners considering the different folding states and prion protein fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg c/o German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ladan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg c/o German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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109
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Yakovlev AA. Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocyte Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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110
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Garcia G, Fernandes A, Stein F, Brites D. Protective Signature of IFNγ-Stimulated Microglia Relies on miR-124-3p Regulation From the Secretome Released by Mutant APP Swedish Neuronal Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833066. [PMID: 35620289 PMCID: PMC9127204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-associated inflammation and miRNA dysregulation are key players in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Previously, we showed miR-124 upregulation in APP Swedish SH-SY5Y (SWE) and PSEN1 iPSC-derived neurons and its propagation by the secretome (soluble and exosomal fractions). After modulation with miR-124 mimic/inhibitor, we identified common responsive mechanisms between such models. We also reported miR-124 colocalization with microglia in AD patient hippocampi. Herein, we determined how miR-124 modulation in SWE cells influences microglia polarized subtypes in the context of inflammation. We used a coculture system without cell-to-cell contact formed by miR-124 modulated SWE cells and human CHME3 microglia stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFNγ-MG), in which we assessed their adopted gene/miRNA profile and proteomic signature. The increase of miR-124 in SWE cells/secretome (soluble and exosomal) was mimicked in IFNγ-MG. Treatment of SWE cells with the miR-124 inhibitor led to RAGE overexpression and loss of neuronal viability, while the mimic caused RAGE/HMGB1 downregulation and prevented mitochondria membrane potential loss. When accessing the paracrine effects on microglia, SWE miR-124 inhibitor favored their IFNγ-induced inflammatory signature (upregulated RAGE/HMGB1/iNOS/IL-1β; downregulated IL-10/ARG-1), while the mimic reduced microglia activation (downregulated TNF-α/iNOS) and deactivated extracellular MMP-2/MMP-9 levels. Microglia proteomics identified 113 responsive proteins to SWE miR-124 levels, including a subgroup of 17 proteins involved in immune function/inflammation and/or miR-124 targets. A total of 72 proteins were downregulated (e.g., MAP2K6) and 21 upregulated (e.g., PAWR) by the mimic, while the inhibitor also upregulated 21 proteins and downregulated 17 (e.g., TGFB1, PAWR, and EFEMP1). Other targets were associated with neurodevelopmental mechanisms, synaptic function, and vesicular trafficking. To examine the source of miR-124 variations in microglia, we silenced the RNase III endonuclease Dicer1 to block miRNA canonical biogenesis. Despite this suppression, the coculture with SWE cells/exosomes still raised microglial miR-124 levels, evidencing miR-124 transfer from neurons to microglia. This study is pioneer in elucidating that neuronal miR-124 reshapes microglia plasticity and in revealing the relevance of neuronal survival in mechanisms underlying inflammation in AD-associated neurodegeneration. These novel insights pave the way for the application of miRNA-based neuropharmacological strategies in AD whenever miRNA dysregulated levels are identified during patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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111
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S. Exosome: The “Off-the-Shelf” Cellular Nanocomponent as a Potential Pathogenic Agent, a Disease Biomarker, and Neurotherapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878058. [PMID: 35685643 PMCID: PMC9170956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized “off-the-shelf” lipid vesicles released by almost all cell types and play a significant role in cell–cell communication. Exosomes have already been proven to carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, miRNA, and noncoding RNA (ribonucleic acid). These vesicles can be selectively taken up by the neighboring cell and can regulate cellular functions. Herein, we have discussed three different roles of exosomes in neuroscience. First, we have discussed how exosomes play the role of a pathogenic agent as a part of cell–cell communication and transmit pathogens such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), further helping in the propagation of neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. In the next section, the review talks about the role of exosomes in biomarker discovery in neurological disorders. Toward the end, we have reviewed how exosomes can be harnessed and engineered for therapeutic purposes in different brain diseases. This review is based on the current knowledge generated in this field and our comprehension of this domain.
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Huntingtin Co-Isolates with Small Extracellular Vesicles from Blood Plasma of TgHD and KI-HD Pig Models of Huntington's Disease and Human Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105598. [PMID: 35628406 PMCID: PMC9147436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is rare incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the gene coding for the protein huntingtin (HTT). Mutated huntingtin (mHTT) undergoes fragmentation and accumulation, affecting cellular functions and leading to neuronal cell death. Porcine models of HD are used in preclinical testing of currently emerging disease modifying therapies. Such therapies are aimed at reducing mHTT expression, postpone the disease onset, slow down the progression, and point out the need of biomarkers to monitor disease development and therapy efficacy. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, gained attention as possible carriers of disease biomarkers. We aimed to characterize HTT and mHTT forms/fragments in blood plasma derived EVs in transgenic (TgHD) and knock-in (KI-HD) porcine models, as well as in HD patients’ plasma. (2) Methods: Small EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and HTT forms were visualized by western blotting. (3) Results: The full length 360 kDa HTT co-isolated with EVs from both the pig model and HD patient plasma. In addition, a ~70 kDa mutant HTT fragment was specific for TgHD pigs. Elevated total huntingtin levels in EVs from plasma of HD groups compared to controls were observed in both pig models and HD patients, however only in TgHD were they significant (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Our study represents a valuable initial step towards the characterization of EV content in the search for HD biomarkers.
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113
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Li F, Kang X, Xin W, Li X. The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle Derived From Neurons/Neurogliocytes in Central Nervous System Diseases: Novel Insights Into Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890698. [PMID: 35559228 PMCID: PMC9086165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and neurogliocytes (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells have been shown to support cell-cell communication via multiple mechanisms, most recently by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since EVs carry a variety of cargoes of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and mediate intercellular communication, they have been the hotspot of diagnosis and treatment. The mechanisms underlying CNS disorders include angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell death, and inflammation, and cell-EVs have been revealed to be involved in these pathological processes. Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. It results in serious neurological and physical dysfunction and even leads to heavy economic and social burdens. Although a large number of researchers have reported that EVs derived from these cells play a vital role in regulating multiple pathological mechanisms in ischemic stroke, the specific interactional relationships and mechanisms between specific cell-EVs and stroke treatment have not been clearly described. This review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of specific cell-EVs on ischemia. Additionally, this study emphasizes that these EVs are involved in stroke treatment by inhibiting and activating various signaling pathways such as ncRNAs, TGF-β1, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaokui Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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114
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Avalos PN, Forsthoefel DJ. An Emerging Frontier in Intercellular Communication: Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849905. [PMID: 35646926 PMCID: PMC9130466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration requires cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other processes that are regulated by secreted cues originating from cells in the local environment. Recent studies suggest that signaling by extracellular vesicles (EVs), another mode of paracrine communication, may also play a significant role in coordinating cellular behaviors during regeneration. EVs are nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites, and are secreted by most cell types. Upon EV uptake by target cells, EV cargo can influence diverse cellular behaviors during regeneration, including cell survival, immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of EV research and EV biogenesis. Then, we review current understanding of how EVs regulate cellular behaviors during regeneration derived from numerous studies of stem cell-derived EVs in mammalian injury models. Finally, we discuss the potential of other established and emerging research organisms to expand our mechanistic knowledge of basic EV biology, how injury modulates EV biogenesis, cellular sources of EVs in vivo, and the roles of EVs in organisms with greater regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla N. Avalos
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David J. Forsthoefel
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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115
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Soudy R, Kimura R, Fu W, Patel A, Jhamandas J. Extracellular vesicles enriched with amylin receptor are cytoprotective against the Aß toxicity in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267164. [PMID: 35421203 PMCID: PMC9009604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double membrane structures released by all cell types with identified roles in the generation, transportation, and degradation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EVs are thus increasingly recognized to play a neuroprotective role in AD, through their ability to counteract the neurotoxic effects of Aβ, possibly through interactions with specific receptors on cell membranes. Our previous studies have identified the amylin receptor (AMY), particularly AMY3 subtype, as a mediator of the deleterious actions of Aβ in vitro and in vivo experimental paradigms. In the present study, we demonstrate that AMY3 enriched EVs can bind soluble oligomers of Aß and protect N2a cells against toxic effects of this peptide. The effect was specific to amylin receptor as it was blocked in the presence of amylin receptor antagonist AC253. This notion was supported by reduced Aβ binding to EVs from AMY depleted mice compared to those from wild type (Wt) mice. Finally, application of AMY3, but not Wt derived, EVs to hippocampal brain slices improved Aβ-induced reduction of long-term potentiation, a cellular surrogate of memory. Collectively, our observations support the role of AMY receptors, particularly AMY3, in EVs as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Soudy
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryoichi Kimura
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aarti Patel
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jack Jhamandas
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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116
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Ahmad S, Srivastava RK, Singh P, Naik UP, Srivastava AK. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glia-Neuron Intercellular Communication. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:844194. [PMID: 35493327 PMCID: PMC9043804 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.844194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk between glia and neurons is crucial for a variety of biological functions, ranging from nervous system development, axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, neural circuit maturation, to homeostasis maintenance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which were initially described as cellular debris and were devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication and play a critical role in glia-neuron communication. EVs transport the proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid cargo in intercellular communication, which alters target cells structurally and functionally. A better understanding of the roles of EVs in glia-neuron communication, both in physiological and pathological conditions, can aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and the development of new biomarkers. This review aims to demonstrate that different types of glia and neuronal cells secrete various types of EVs, resulting in specific functions in intercellular communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit K. Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- M.E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ulhas P. Naik
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amit K. Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Amit K. Srivastava,
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117
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Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Pis cataway, NJ 08854, USA
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118
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Saleem T, Sumrin A, Bilal M, Bashir H, Khawar MB. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Potential tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2063-2071. [PMID: 35531155 PMCID: PMC9073005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of cancer pose a notable threat to human health globally. To date, many researchers have undertaken the search for anticancer therapies. However, many anticancer therapeutic approaches accompany many undesirable hazards. In this respect, extracellular vesicles as a whole gained excessive attention from the research community owing to their remarkable potential for delivery of anticancer agents since they are involved in distal intercellular communication via biological cargoes. With the discovery of the fact that tumor cells discharge huge quantities of EVs, new insights have been developed in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TD-EVs) can be distinguished from the normal cell-derived EVs due to the presence of specific labels on their surface. TD-EVs carry specific oncogenic proteins and the nucleic acids on their surface membrane that participate in tumor progression. Moreover, the proportion of these nucleic acids and the protein greatly varies among malignant and healthy cell-derived EVs. The diagnostic potential of TD-EVs can be implied for the more precise and early-stage detection of cancer that was impossible in the past. This review examines the recent progress in prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential of the EVs derived from the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Saleem
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Sumrin
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Departmnet of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
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119
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Small but Mighty-Exosomes, Novel Intercellular Messengers in Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030413. [PMID: 35336787 PMCID: PMC8945199 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomes are biological nanoparticles recently recognized as intercellular messengers. They contain a cargo of lipids, proteins, and RNA. They can transfer their content to not only cells in the vicinity but also to cells at a distance. This unique ability empowers them to modulate the physiology of recipient cells. In brain, exosomes play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Abstract Exosomes of endosomal origin are one class of extracellular vesicles that are important in intercellular communication. Exosomes are released by all cells in our body and their cargo consisting of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids has a footprint reflective of their parental origin. The exosomal cargo has the power to modulate the physiology of recipient cells in the vicinity of the releasing cells or cells at a distance. Harnessing the potential of exosomes relies upon the purity of exosome preparation. Hence, many methods for isolation have been developed and we provide a succinct summary of several methods. In spite of the seclusion imposed by the blood–brain barrier, cells in the CNS are not immune from exosomal intrusive influences. Both neurons and glia release exosomes, often in an activity-dependent manner. A brief description of exosomes released by different cells in the brain and their role in maintaining CNS homeostasis is provided. The hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein aggregates. Recent studies implicate exosomes’ intercellular communicator role in the spread of misfolded proteins aiding the propagation of pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential contributions made by exosomes in progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Understanding contributions made by exosomes in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration opens the field for employing exosomes as therapeutic agents for drug delivery to brain since exosomes do cross the blood–brain barrier.
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120
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Guedes VA, Lange RT, Lippa SM, Lai C, Greer K, Mithani S, Devoto C, A Edwards K, Wagner CL, Martin CA, Driscoll AE, Wright MM, Gillow KC, Baschenis SM, Brickell TA, French LM, Gill JM. Extracellular vesicle neurofilament light is elevated within the first 12-months following traumatic brain injury in a U.S military population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4002. [PMID: 35256615 PMCID: PMC8901614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be associated with long-term neurobehavioral symptoms. Here, we examined levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in extracellular vesicles isolated from blood, and their relationship with TBI severity and neurobehavioral symptom reporting. Participants were 218 service members and veterans who sustained uncomplicated mild TBIs (mTBI, n = 107); complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBIs (smcTBI, n = 66); or Injured controls (IC, orthopedic injury without TBI, n = 45). Within one year after injury, but not after, NfL was higher in the smcTBI group than mTBI (p = 0.001, d = 0.66) and IC (p = 0.001, d = 0.35) groups, which remained after controlling for demographics and injury characteristics. NfL also discriminated the smcTBI group from IC (AUC:77.5%, p < 0.001) and mTBI (AUC:76.1%, p < 0.001) groups. No other group differences were observed for NfL or GFAP at either timepoint. NfL correlated with post-concussion symptoms (rs = - 0.38, p = 0.04) in the mTBI group, and with PTSD symptoms in mTBI (rs = - 0.43, p = 0.021) and smcTBI groups (rs = - 0.40, p = 0.024) within one year after injury, which was not confirmed in regression models. Our results suggest the potential of NfL, a protein previously linked to axonal damage, as a diagnostic biomarker that distinguishes TBI severity within the first year after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Guedes
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rael T Lange
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara M Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kisha Greer
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sara Mithani
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Christina Devoto
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Katie A Edwards
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Chelsea L Wagner
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Carina A Martin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Angela E Driscoll
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan M Wright
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Kelly C Gillow
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Samantha M Baschenis
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Tracey A Brickell
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louis M French
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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121
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Cheng L, Hill AF. Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:379-399. [PMID: 35236964 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has developed rapidly over the last decade from the study of fundamental biology to a subject of significant clinical relevance. The potential of harnessing EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases - including cancer and neurological and cardiovascular disorders - is now being recognized. Accordingly, the applications of EVs as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, novel drug delivery agents and standalone therapeutics are being actively explored. This Review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EV, focusing on their association with disease and emerging strategies for their therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Cheng
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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122
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Duggan MR, Lu A, Foster TC, Wimmer M, Parikh V. Exosomes in Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Mechanistic Insights and Improving Outcomes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:834775. [PMID: 35299946 PMCID: PMC8921862 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.834775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for cognitive decline, yet behavioral symptomology and underlying neurobiology can vary between individuals. Certain individuals exhibit significant age-related cognitive impairments, while others maintain intact cognitive functioning with only minimal decline. Recent developments in genomic, proteomic, and functional imaging approaches have provided insights into the molecular and cellular substrates of cognitive decline in age-related neuropathologies. Despite the emergence of novel tools, accurately and reliably predicting longitudinal cognitive trajectories and improving functional outcomes for the elderly remains a major challenge. One promising approach has been the use of exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that regulate intercellular communication and are easily accessible compared to other approaches. In the current review, we highlight recent findings which illustrate how the analysis of exosomes can improve our understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to cognitive variation in aging. Specifically, we focus on exosome-mediated regulation of miRNAs, neuroinflammation, and aggregate-prone proteins. In addition, we discuss how exosomes might be used to enhance individual patient outcomes by serving as reliable biomarkers of cognitive decline and as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anne Lu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mathieu Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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123
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Rathi D, Verma JK, Pareek A, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Dissection of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) root exoproteome reveals critical insights and novel proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111161. [PMID: 35151446 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant exoproteome is crucial because its constituents greatly influence plant phenotype by regulating physiological characteristics to adapt to environmental stresses. The root exudates constitute a dynamic aspect of plant exoproteome, as its molecular composition ensures a beneficial rhizosphere in a species-specific manner. We investigated the root exoproteome of grasspea, a stress-resilient pulse and identified 2861 non-redundant proteins, belonging to a myriad of functional classes, including root development, rhizosphere augmentation as well as defense functions against soil-borne pathogens. Significantly, we identified 1986 novel exoproteome constituents of grasspea, potentially involved in cell-to-cell communication and root meristem maintenance, among other critical roles. Sequence-based comparison revealed that grasspea shares less than 30 % of its exoproteome with the reports so far from model plants as well as crop species. Further, the exoproteome revealed 65 % proteins to be extracellular in nature and of these, 37 % constituents were predicted to follow unconventional protein secretion (UPS) mode. We validated the UPS for four stress-responsive proteins, which were otherwise predicted to follow classical protein secretion (CPS). Conclusively, we recognized not only the highest number of root exudate proteins, but also pinpointed novel signatures of dicot root exoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Pareek
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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124
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Gomes DE, Witwer KW. L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e35. [PMID: 35492832 PMCID: PMC9045013 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When released into biological fluids like blood or saliva, brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) might provide a window into otherwise inaccessible tissue, contributing useful biomarkers of neurodegenerative and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. To enrich for brain EVs in the periphery, however, cell-specific EV surface markers are needed. The protein that has been used most frequently to obtain EVs of putative neuronal origin is the transmembrane L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM/CD171). In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature on L1CAM and EVs, including investigations of both neurodegenerative disease and cancer through the lens of the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV), specifically in the domains of nomenclature usage, EV sources, and EV separation and characterization. Although numerous studies have reported L1CAM-associated biomarker signatures that correlate with disease, interpretation of these results is complicated since L1CAM expression is not restricted to neurons and is also upregulated during cancer progression. A recent study has suggested that L1CAM epitopes are present in biofluids mostly or entirely as cleaved, soluble protein. Our findings on practices and trends in L1CAM-mediated EV separation, enrichment, and characterization yield insights that may assist with interpreting results, evaluating rigor, and suggesting avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitria E. Gomes
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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125
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De La Rossa A, Laporte MH, Astori S, Marissal T, Montessuit S, Sheshadri P, Ramos-Fernández E, Mendez P, Khani A, Quairiaux C, Taylor EB, Rutter J, Nunes JM, Carleton A, Duchen MR, Sandi C, Martinou JC. Paradoxical neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency. eLife 2022; 11:72595. [PMID: 35188099 PMCID: PMC8860443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal excitation imposes a high demand of ATP in neurons. Most of the ATP derives primarily from pyruvate-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, a process that relies on import of pyruvate into mitochondria occuring exclusively via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). To investigate whether deficient oxidative phosphorylation impacts neuron excitability, we generated a mouse strain carrying a conditional deletion of MPC1, an essential subunit of the MPC, specifically in adult glutamatergic neurons. We found that, despite decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in these excitatory neurons, mice were normal at rest. Surprisingly, in response to mild inhibition of GABA mediated synaptic activity, they rapidly developed severe seizures and died, whereas under similar conditions the behavior of control mice remained unchanged. We report that neurons with a deficient MPC were intrinsically hyperexcitable as a consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis, which reduced M-type potassium channel activity. Provision of ketone bodies restored energy status, calcium homeostasis and M-channel activity and attenuated seizures in animals fed a ketogenic diet. Our results provide an explanation for the seizures that frequently accompany a large number of neuropathologies, including cerebral ischemia and diverse mitochondriopathies, in which neurons experience an energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Thomas Marissal
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Université d'Aix- Marseille
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | | | - Preethi Sheshadri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London
| | | | | | - Abbas Khani
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | | | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Jared Rutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - Alan Carleton
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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126
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Heras-Romero Y, Morales-Guadarrama A, Santana-Martínez R, Ponce I, Rincón-Heredia R, Poot-Hernández AC, Martínez-Moreno A, Urrieta E, Bernal-Vicente BN, Campero-Romero AN, Moreno-Castilla P, Greig NH, Escobar ML, Concha L, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Improved post-stroke spontaneous recovery by astrocytic extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:798-815. [PMID: 34563674 PMCID: PMC8821969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery after a stroke accounts for a significant part of the neurological recovery in patients. However limited, the spontaneous recovery is mechanistically driven by axonal restorative processes for which several molecular cues have been previously described. We report the acceleration of spontaneous recovery in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats via a single intracerebroventricular administration of extracellular vesicles released from primary cortical astrocytes. We used magnetic resonance imaging and confocal and multiphoton microscopy to correlate the structural remodeling of the corpus callosum and striatocortical circuits with neurological performance during 21 days. We also evaluated the functionality of the corpus callosum by repetitive recordings of compound action potentials to show that the recovery facilitated by astrocytic extracellular vesicles was both anatomical and functional. Our data provide compelling evidence that astrocytes can hasten the basal recovery that naturally occurs post-stroke through the release of cellular mediators contained in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Heras-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Departmento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; National Center for Medical Imaging and Instrumentation Research, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Santana-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Ponce
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Martínez-Moreno
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice N Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Aging, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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127
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Exosomal microRNAs have great potential in the neurorestorative therapy for traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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128
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Xia X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhao S, Zheng JC. Exosome: A novel neurotransmission modulator or non-canonical neurotransmitter? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101558. [PMID: 34990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent studies point out the involvement of exosomes, a type of small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in regulating neurotransmission. Through horizontally transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes can modulate synaptic activities rapidly by controlling neurotransmitter release or progressively by regulating neural plasticity including synapse formation, neurite growth & removal, and axon guidance & elongation. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between exosomes and synaptic vesicles in their biogenesis, contents, and release. We also highlight the recent progress made in demonstrating the biological roles of exosome in regulating neurotransmission, and propose a modified model of neurotransmission, in which exosomes act as novel neurotransmitters. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the enlightenment of the current knowledge on neurotransmission to the future directions of exosome research.
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129
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Li Y, Chen Y, Zhang N, Fan D. Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) env in neuronal extracellular vesicles: a new biomarker of motor neuron disease. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 23:100-107. [PMID: 34151656 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1936061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been gradually confirmed to be involved in the onset and progression of motor neuron disease(MND). However, noninvasive detection of HERVs in the central nervous system is lacking. The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between the level of HERV-K env in neuronal extracellular vesicles in plasma and the onset and severity of MND. Methods: We extracted neuronal extracellular vesicles from plasma of 39 MND patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls, and detected HERV-K env in extracellular vesicles by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Levels of HERV-K env in neuronal extracellular vesicles positively associated with range of lower motor neurons (LMNs) involved (1.66 ± 0.37 vs. 1.35 ± 0.34, p = 0.041), ALS phenotype (1.52 ± 0.31 vs. 1.24 ± 0.37, p = 0.013) and course of disease (1.83 ± 0.35 vs. 1.42 ± 0.22, p = 0.003), and increased in advanced-phase MND (definite and probable according to revised EI Escorial criteria) compared with early-phase MND (possible and lab-supported probable), albeit without very profound significance (1.52 ± 0.34 vs. 1.29 ± 0.36, p = 0.048). Conclusions: In conclusion, levels of HERV-K env in neuronal extracellular vesicles extracted from plasma can be used as a noninvasive biomarker of severity of MND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China, and
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China, and
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China, and
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China, and
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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130
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He L, Lin M, Shen J, Qi H. Emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4989-4997. [PMID: 35083616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Also, it is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men. Despite advances in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, novel approaches are strongly needed to promote early diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer. Presently, accumulating data reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially enriched in exosomes and mediate multiple biological processes in lung cancer, suggesting the potential application of exosomal lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION In this review, we described the emerging roles of lncRNAs specifically sorted into exosomes in lung cancer. We discussed the current knowledge of the exosomal lncRNA sorting mechanism and highlighted opportunities for exosome-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers in clinical practice. In particular, we systematically summarized the biological functions of exosomal lncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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131
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Cellular prion protein in human plasma-derived extracellular vesicles promotes neurite outgrowth via the NMDA receptor-LRP1 receptor system. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101642. [PMID: 35090893 PMCID: PMC8861162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell–cell communication. Herein, we isolated EVs from human plasma and demonstrated that these EVs activate cell signaling and promote neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. Analysis of human plasma EVs purified by sequential ultracentrifugation using tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of multiple plasma proteins, including α2-macroglobulin, which is reported to regulate PC-12 cell physiology. We therefore further purified EVs by molecular exclusion or phosphatidylserine affinity chromatography, which reduced plasma protein contamination. EVs subjected to these additional purification methods exhibited unchanged activity in PC-12 cells, even though α2-macroglobulin was reduced to undetectable levels. Nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC) was carried by human plasma EVs and essential for the effects of EVs on PC-12 cells, as EV-induced cell signaling and neurite outgrowth were blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody, POM2. In addition, inhibitors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) blocked the effects of plasma EVs on PC-12 cells, as did silencing of Lrp1 or the gene encoding the GluN1 NMDA-R subunit (Grin1). These results implicate the NMDA-R–LRP1 complex as the receptor system responsible for mediating the effects of EV-associated PrPC. Finally, EVs harvested from rat astrocytes carried PrPC and replicated the effects of human plasma EVs on PC-12 cell signaling. We conclude that interaction of EV-associated PrPC with the NMDA-R–LRP1 complex in target cells represents a novel mechanism by which EVs may participate in intercellular communication in the nervous system.
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132
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Elgayar SAM, Hussein OA, Mubarak HA, Ismaiel AM, Gomaa AMS. Testing efficacy of the nicotine protection of the substantia nigra pars compacta in a rat Parkinson disease model. Ultrastructure study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:37-53. [PMID: 35001795 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.2015499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) with subsequent motor manifestations. This study aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of nicotine, in rotenone-induced PD rat model. Thirty adult male Albino Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I received an injection of normal saline. Group II received subcutaneous injection of rotenone at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every other day. Group III received rotenone in the same previous dose and nicotine at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg daily. After 11 days of treatment, body weight (BW) and rat motor behavior were estimated. Specimens from the midbrain were processed for light and electron microscopy. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), α-synuclein, and GFAP was examined. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and striatal levels of dopamine (DA) were analyzed. Group III revealed a significant improvement in BW and motor activity. Nicotine upregulated the expression of TH, downregulated the expression of α-synuclein and GFAP. The levels of MDA and TAC were improved but were still far from those of the control. Striatal DA levels increased. Nicotine activated the neurons and glial cells. The vascular endothelium, however, did not elicit improvement. Although nicotine ameliorated the loss of the dopaminergic neurons and motor deficit, it did not show improvement of vascular endothelium. It is still necessary to examine nicotin's ability to maintain the dopaminergic neurons in a good functioning state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Asmaa M S Gomaa
- Depts, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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133
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Wang R, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Cui J, Li J, Di L. Emerging prospects of extracellular vesicles for brain disease theranostics. J Control Release 2022; 341:844-868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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134
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TIAN Y, ZHAO R, LI X, ZHOU J, ZHAN D, WANG Y, HE Y, ZHANG J, YUAN H. Alterations of microRNAs expression profiles in small extracellular vesicle after traumatic brain injury in mice. Exp Anim 2022; 71:329-337. [PMID: 35249933 PMCID: PMC9388336 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Tools available for diagnosis and therapy are limited. Small extracellular vesicle (sEV)
microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in TBI disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in sEV miRNAs expression in the mouse brain extracellular space after
TBI. Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (12/group). The TBI group was subjected to all surgical procedures and fluid percussion injury (FPI). The sham group only
underwent surgery. Brain specimens were collected 3 h after TBI/sham. The brain sEV were isolated. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. A total of 50 miRNAs were observed to be
differentially expressed (fold change ≥1.5 and P<0.05) after TBI, including 5 upregulated and 45 downregulated. The major enriched Gene Ontology terms were metabolic
processes, cell, intracellular, organelle, cytoplasm, axon, binding, protein kinase activity, protein binding, and protein dimerization activity. The KEGG pathway analysis predicted that the
pathways affected by the variation of miRNAs in sEVs after TBI included the Wnt signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. The changes in five miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. In
conclusion, this study demonstrated the differential expression of a series of miRNAs in brain sEV after TBI, which might be correlated with post-TBI physiological and pathological
processes. The findings might also provide novel targets for further investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye TIAN
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Ruiting ZHAO
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital
| | - Xiaochun LI
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Ju ZHOU
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Daqiang ZHAN
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yuanzhi WANG
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yifan HE
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Jiacheng ZHANG
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Hengjie YUAN
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University
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135
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Kluge A, Bunk J, Schaeffer E, Drobny A, Xiang W, Knacke H, Bub S, Lückstädt W, Arnold P, Lucius R, Berg D, Zunke F. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:3058-3071. [PMID: 35722765 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no reliable clinically applicable biomarker has been established for Parkinson's disease. Our results indicate that a long anticipated blood test for Parkinson's disease may be realized. Following the isolation of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles of Parkinson's disease patients and non-Parkinson's disease individuals, immunoblot analyses were performed to detect extracellular vesicle-derived α-synuclein. Pathological α-synuclein forms derived from neuronal extracellular vesicles could be detected under native conditions and were significantly increased in all individuals with Parkinson's disease and clearly distinguished disease from the non-disease state. By performing an α-synuclein seeding assay these soluble conformers could be amplified and seeding of pathological protein folding was demonstrated. Amplified α-synuclein conformers exhibited β-sheet-rich structures and a fibrillary appearance. Our study demonstrates that the detection of pathological α-synuclein conformers from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles from blood plasma samples has the potential to evolve into a blood-biomarker of Parkinson's disease that is still lacking so far. Moreover, the distribution of seeding-competent α-synuclein within blood exosomes sheds a new light of pathological disease mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Josina Bunk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrike Knacke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Bub
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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You Y, Muraoka S, Jedrychowski MP, Hu J, McQuade AK, Young‐Pearse T, Aslebagh R, Shaffer SA, Gygi SP, Blurton‐Jones M, Poon WW, Ikezu T. Human neural cell type-specific extracellular vesicle proteome defines disease-related molecules associated with activated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease brain. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12183. [PMID: 35029059 PMCID: PMC8758831 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer pathogenic molecules and are consequently involved in disease progression. We have investigated the proteomic profiles of EVs that were isolated from four different human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell types (excitatory neurons, astrocytes, microglia-like cells, and oligodendrocyte-like cells). Novel cell type-specific EV protein markers were then identified for the excitatory neurons (ATP1A3, NCAM1), astrocytes (LRP1, ITGA6), microglia-like cells (ITGAM, LCP1), and oligodendrocyte-like cells (LAMP2, FTH1), as well as 16 pan-EV marker candidates, including integrins and annexins. To further demonstrate how cell-type-specific EVs may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed protein co-expression network analysis and conducted cell type assessments for the proteomes of brain-derived EVs from the control, mild cognitive impairment, and AD cases. A protein module enriched in astrocyte-specific EV markers was most significantly associated with the AD pathology and cognitive impairment, suggesting an important role in AD progression. The hub protein from this module, integrin-β1 (ITGB1), was found to be significantly elevated in astrocyte-specific EVs enriched from the total brain-derived AD EVs and associated with the brain β-amyloid and tau load in independent cohorts. Thus, our study provides a featured framework and rich resource for the future analyses of EV functions in neurodegenerative diseases in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Satoshi Muraoka
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Jianqiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amanda K. McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tracy Young‐Pearse
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Roshanak Aslebagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott A. Shaffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mathew Blurton‐Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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137
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Belkozhayev AM, Al-Yozbaki M, George A, Niyazova RY, Sharipov KO, Byrne LJ, Wilson CM. Extracellular Vesicles, Stem Cells and the Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1450-1478. [PMID: 34414870 PMCID: PMC9881087 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210817150141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington's disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz M. Belkozhayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Raigul Ye Niyazova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kamalidin O. Sharipov
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lee J. Byrne
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
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Leroux É, Perbet R, Buée L, Colin M. [Extracellular vesicles in the central nervous system]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1133-1138. [PMID: 34928217 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are released by a wide diversity of cells. They contain proteins, RNAs and lipids that will be exchanged between these cells. They represent therefore a major form of intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. This is particularly relevant in the nervous system where neurons and glial cells form a very dense network where billions of connections are made. In this review, the different roles played by the EVs in a healthy brain to maintain cerebral homeostasis during development, synaptic transmission or axonal myelination will be discussed. In addition, the pathological aspects of EVs presence will also be addressed. In recent years, the EVs have emerged as major players in the spread of neurodegenerative diseases, in neuroinflammation and in tumor development, although they may also be beneficial in some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU-Lille, LilNCog - Lille neuroscience et cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Perbet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU-Lille, LilNCog - Lille neuroscience et cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU-Lille, LilNCog - Lille neuroscience et cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Morvane Colin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU-Lille, LilNCog - Lille neuroscience et cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
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139
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Boulanger CM, Raposo G, Théry C. [Extracellular vesicles: How to pass in a few decades from a status of cellular debris, or worse, garbage bags, to that of inter-cellular messengers]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1089-1091. [PMID: 34928210 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, Inserm U932, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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140
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Zhu N, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Mao Y, Kang K, Li G, Yi Q, Wu Y. Immuno-affinitive supramolecular magnetic nanoparticles incorporating cucurbit[8]uril-mediated ternary host-guest complexation structures for high-efficient small extracellular vesicle enrichment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:462-471. [PMID: 34968965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enriching small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with undamaged structure and function is a pivotal step for further applications in biological and clinical fields. It has prompted researchers to explore a carrier material that can efficiently capture sEVs while also gently release the captured sEVs. Here, 1-adamantylamine (1-ADA) responsive immuno-affinitive supramolecular magnetic nanoparticles (ISM-NPs) incorporating ternary host-guest complexation structures mediated by CB[8] were proposed to achieved the goal. In particular, the ternary host-guest complexation was constructed by the host molecule (cucurbit[8]uril, CB[8]) mediated assembly of two guest molecules (naphthol and bipyridine), and served as a cleavable bridge to connect the magnetic core and peripheral antibody. These constructed ISM-NPs performed well in the applications of capturing sEVs with a high capture efficiency of 85.5%. Further, the CB[8]-mediated ternary host-guest complexation structures can be disassembled with addition of the 1-ADA. Thus, the sEVs recognized by the anti-CD63 were released competitively, with a decent release efficiency more than 82%. The released sEVs kept intact morphology and exhibited appropriate size distribution and concentration. This supramolecular magnetic system, with 1-ADA responsive ternary host-guest complexation structures, may contribute to efficient enrichment of any other biomarkers, likely cells, proteins, peptides, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jia Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guohao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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Serafini FL, Lanuti P, Delli Pizzi A, Procaccini L, Villani M, Taraschi AL, Pascucci L, Mincuzzi E, Izzi J, Chiacchiaretta P, Buca D, Catitti G, Bologna G, Simeone P, Pieragostino D, Caulo M. Diagnostic Impact of Radiological Findings and Extracellular Vesicles: Are We Close to Radiovesicolomics? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121265. [PMID: 34943180 PMCID: PMC8698452 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the years, diagnostic tests such as in radiology and flow cytometry have become more and more powerful in the constant struggle against different pathologies, some of which are life-threatening. The possibility of using these “weapons” in a conjugated manner could result in higher healing and prevention rates, and a decrease in late diagnosis diseases. Different correlations among pathologies, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and radiological findings were recently demonstrated by many authors. Together with the increasing importance of “omics” sciences, and artificial intelligence in this new century, the perspective of a new research field called “radiovesicolomics” could be the missing link, enabling a different approach to disease diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Currently, several pathologies have corresponding and specific diagnostic and therapeutic branches of interest focused on early and correct detection, as well as the best therapeutic approach. Radiology never ceases to develop newer technologies in order to give patients a clear, safe, early, and precise diagnosis; furthermore, in the last few years diagnostic imaging panoramas have been extended to the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. On the other hand, clinical and laboratory tests, like flow cytometry and the techniques found in the “omics” sciences, aim to detect microscopic elements, like extracellular vesicles, with the highest specificity and sensibility for disease detection. If these scientific branches started to cooperate, playing a conjugated role in pathology diagnosis, what could be the results? Our review seeks to give a quick overview of recent state of the art research which investigates correlations between extracellular vesicles and the known radiological features useful for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lorenzo Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Delli Pizzi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Procaccini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Villani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessio Lino Taraschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Pascucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Erica Mincuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Jacopo Izzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Buca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.L.); (D.B.); (G.C.); (G.B.); (P.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.L.S.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (A.L.T.); (L.P.); (E.M.); (J.I.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Li Y, Wang X, Pang Y, Wang S, Luo M, Huang B. The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4758364. [PMID: 34899907 PMCID: PMC8660232 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4758364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death. Vascular injury and immune disorders are the main causes of bone lesions. The traditional conservative treatment of ORN has a low cure rate and high recurrent. Exosomes are a type of extracellular bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by almost all cell types. It contains cytokines, proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive cargos, which contribute to several distinct processes. The favorable biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC exosomes) include angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation. Exploring the characteristic of ORN and MSC exosomes can promote bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of ORN and MSC exosomes and highlighted the potential application of MSC exosomes in ORN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Li
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Pang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuangcheng Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Luo
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chand S, Gowen A, Savine M, Moore D, Clark A, Huynh W, Wu N, Odegaard K, Weyrich L, Bevins RA, Fox HS, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. A comprehensive study to delineate the role of an extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA-29a in chronic methamphetamine use disorder. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12177. [PMID: 34913274 PMCID: PMC8674191 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which express a repertoire of cargo molecules (cf. proteins, microRNA, lipids, etc.), have been garnering a prominent role in the modulation of several cellular processes. Here, using both non-human primate and rodent model systems, we provide evidence that brain-derived EV (BDE) miRNA, miR-29a-3p (mir-29a), is significantly increased during chronic methamphetamine (MA) exposure. Further, miR-29a levels show significant increase both with drug-seeking and reinstatement in a rat MA self-administration model. We also show that EV-associated miR-29a is enriched in EV pool comprising of small EVs and exomeres and further plays a critical role in MA-induced inflammation and synaptodendritic damage. Furthermore, treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug ibudilast (AV411), which is known to reduce MA relapse, decreased the expression of miR-29a and subsequently attenuated inflammation and rescued synaptodendritic injury. Finally, using plasma from MUD subjects, we provide translational evidence that EV-miR29a could potentially serve as a biomarker to detect neuronal damage in humans diagnosed with MA use disorder (MUD). In summary, our work suggests that EV-associated miR-29a-3p plays a crucial role in MUD and might be used as a potential blood-based biomarker for detecting chronic inflammation and synaptic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chand
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Austin Gowen
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mason Savine
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Dalia Moore
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Alexander Clark
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Wendy Huynh
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL)LincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Niming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Katherine Odegaard
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Rick A. Bevins
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL)LincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)OmahaNebraskaUSA
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Mattingly J, Li Y, Bihl JC, Wang J. The promise of exosome applications in treating central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1437-1445. [PMID: 34636491 PMCID: PMC8611778 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXs), a type of extracellular vesicles, are secreted from virtually all types of cells. EXs serve as cell-to-cell communicators by conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Increasing evidence shows that EXs are implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Moreover, EXs have recently been highlighted as a new promising therapeutic strategy for in vivo delivery of nucleotides and drugs. Studies have revealed that infusion of EXs elicits beneficial effects on the CNS injury animal models. As compared to cell-based therapy, EXs-based therapy for CNS diseases has unique advantages, opening a new path for neurological medicine. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge of EXs, the roles and applications of EXs as a viable pathological biomarker, and EX-based therapy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Mattingly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of MedicineWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
| | - Ji C. Bihl
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
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145
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Exosomes Derived Neuronal Markers: Immunoaffinity Isolation and Characterization. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:339-351. [PMID: 34811658 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication in the brain and represent a promising biomarker for neurological diseases, including stroke. However, limited techniques are available for isolating neuronal exosomes due to their small number in the serum exosomes. Thus, the development of efficient tools with brain-specific markers is needed. Here, we show the optimization of an immunoaffinity assay-based isolation protocol for specific exosomes or neuronally derived exosomes (NDE). Our results demonstrated that one-micron functionalized magnetic beads successfully separated CD63+ and L1CAM+ exosomes from serum. The size and shape of exosomes or exosomes pulled by beads were confirmed by Dynamic light scattering and Transmission electron microscopy; also, beads were well resolved in conventional flow cytometry analysis, which revealed that CD63-pulled serum exosomes had 5% expression of L1CAM. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed that exosomes eluted from magnetic beads retained their original size, shape, and form without any damage. Furthermore, we showed isolation of NDE using GluR2/3-capturing antibody (α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor) using an optimized immunoaffinity bead assay utilizing 100 µl serum of stroke patients or age-matched healthy group. GluR2/3-captured exosomes were confirmed by western blot analysis. The western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the 35KDa subunit of GluR2/3 receptor protein in the exosomes of stroke patients compared to the healthy group. In addition, the multimeric GluR2/3 receptor protein in exosomes was further validated by the presence of the GluR2 subunit. Thus, our study shows GluR3/2 may be an effective candidate to isolate neuronal exosomes.
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146
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Moreira R, Mendonça LS, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212288. [PMID: 34830171 PMCID: PMC8621536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by "healthy" cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington's and Machado-Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review's main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S. Mendonça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
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147
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Mesquita-Ribeiro R, Fort RS, Rathbone A, Farias J, Lucci C, James V, Sotelo-Silveira J, Duhagon MA, Dajas-Bailador F. Distinct small non-coding RNA landscape in the axons and released extracellular vesicles of developing primary cortical neurons and the axoplasm of adult nerves. RNA Biol 2021; 18:832-855. [PMID: 34882524 PMCID: PMC8782166 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have highlighted the needs for decentralized gene expression and specific RNA function in somato-dendritic and axonal compartments, as well as in intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite advances in miRNA biology, the identity and regulatory capacity of other small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in neuronal models and local subdomains has been largely unexplored.We identified a highly complex and differentially localized content of sncRNAs in axons and EVs during early neuronal development of cortical primary neurons and in adult axons in vivo. This content goes far beyond miRNAs and includes most known sncRNAs and precisely processed fragments from tRNAs, sno/snRNAs, Y RNAs and vtRNAs. Although miRNAs are the major sncRNA biotype in whole-cell samples, their relative abundance is significantly decreased in axons and neuronal EVs, where specific tRNA fragments (tRFs and tRHs/tiRNAs) mainly derived from tRNAs Gly-GCC, Val-CAC and Val-AAC predominate. Notably, although 5'-tRHs compose the great majority of tRNA-derived fragments observed in vitro, a shift to 3'-tRNAs is observed in mature axons in vivo.The existence of these complex sncRNA populations that are specific to distinct neuronal subdomains and selectively incorporated into EVs, equip neurons with key molecular tools for spatiotemporal functional control and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sebastián Fort
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alex Rathbone
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Polo de Desarrollo Universitario "Espacio de Biología Vegetal del Noreste", Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, UdelaR, Uruguay
| | - Cristiano Lucci
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jose Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria Ana Duhagon
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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148
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Kalargyrou AA, Basche M, Hare A, West EL, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Pearson RA. Nanotube-like processes facilitate material transfer between photoreceptors. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53732. [PMID: 34494703 PMCID: PMC8567251 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal communication is typically mediated via synapses and gap junctions. New forms of intercellular communication, including nanotubes (NTs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been described for non-neuronal cells, but their role in neuronal communication is not known. Recently, transfer of cytoplasmic material between donor and host neurons ("material transfer") was shown to occur after photoreceptor transplantation. The cellular mechanism(s) underlying this surprising finding are unknown. Here, using transplantation, primary neuronal cultures and the generation of chimeric retinae, we show for the first time that mammalian photoreceptor neurons can form open-end NT-like processes. These processes permit the transfer of cytoplasmic and membrane-bound molecules in culture and after transplantation and can mediate gain-of-function in the acceptor cells. Rarely, organelles were also observed to transfer. Strikingly, use of chimeric retinae revealed that material transfer can occur between photoreceptors in the intact adult retina. Conversely, while photoreceptors are capable of releasing EVs, at least in culture, these are taken up by glia and not by retinal neurons. Our findings provide the first evidence of functional NT-like processes forming between sensory neurons in culture and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini A Kalargyrou
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mark Basche
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Aura Hare
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Emma L West
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Alexander J Smith
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
| | - Robin R Ali
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
- Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Rachael A Pearson
- University College London Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
- Centre for Cell and Gene TherapyKing’s College LondonGuy’s HospitalLondonUK
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149
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Torres VI, Barrera DP, Varas-Godoy M, Arancibia D, Inestrosa NC. Selective Surface and Intraluminal Localization of Wnt Ligands on Small Extracellular Vesicles Released by HT-22 Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735888. [PMID: 34722516 PMCID: PMC8548728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway induces various responses underlying the development and maturation of the nervous system. Wnt ligands are highly hydrophobic proteins that limit their diffusion through an aqueous extracellular medium to a target cell. Nevertheless, their attachment to small extracellular vesicles-like exosomes is one of the described mechanisms that allow their transport under this condition. Some Wnt ligands in these vehicles are expected to be dependent on post-translational modifications such as acylation. The mechanisms determining Wnt loading in exosomes and delivery to the target cells are largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of a cell model that secret a highly enriched population of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), hippocampal HT-22 neurons. First, to establish the cell model, we characterized the morphological and biochemical properties of an enriched fraction of sEVs obtained from hippocampal HT-22 neurons that express NCAM-L1, a specific exosomal neuronal marker. Transmission electron microscopy showed a highly enriched fraction of exosome-like vesicles. Next, the exosomal presence of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt7a was confirmed by western blot analysis and electron microscopy combined with immunogold. Also, we studied whether palmitoylation is a necessary post-translational modification for the transport Wnt in these vesicles. We found that proteinase-K treatment of exosomes selectively decreased their Wnt5a and Wnt7a content, suggesting that their expression is delimited to the exterior membrane surface. In contrast, Wnt3a remained attached, suggesting that it is localized within the exosome lumen. On the other hand, Wnt-C59, a specific inhibitor of porcupine O-acyltransferase (PORCN), decreased the association of Wnt with exosomes, suggesting that Wnt ligand acylation is necessary for them to be secreted by exosomes. These findings may help to understand the action of the Wnt ligands in the target cell, which could be defined during the packaging of the ligands in the secretory cell sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana I Torres
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela P Barrera
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Duxan Arancibia
- Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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150
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Anakor E, Le Gall L, Dumonceaux J, Duddy WJ, Duguez S. Exosomes in Ageing and Motor Neurone Disease: Biogenesis, Uptake Mechanisms, Modifications in Disease and Uses in the Development of Biomarkers and Therapeutics. Cells 2021; 10:2930. [PMID: 34831153 PMCID: PMC8616058 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication between neurons and their surrounding cells occurs through the secretion of soluble molecules or release of vesicles such as exosomes into the extracellular space, participating in brain homeostasis. Under neuro-degenerative conditions associated with ageing, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, exosomes are suspected to propagate toxic proteins. The topic of this review is the role of exosomes in ageing conditions and more specifically in ALS. Our current understanding of exosomes and exosome-related mechanisms is first summarized in a general sense, including their biogenesis and secretion, heterogeneity, cellular interaction and intracellular fate. Their role in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and ageing of the neuromotor system is then considered in the context of exosome-induced signaling. The review then focuses on exosomes in age-associated neurodegenerative disease. The role of exosomes in ALS is highlighted, and their use as potential biomarkers to diagnose and prognose ALS is presented. The therapeutic implications of exosomes for ALS are considered, whether as delivery vehicles, neurotoxic targets or as corrective drugs in and of themselves. A diverse set of mechanisms underpin the functional roles, both confirmed and potential, of exosomes, generally in ageing and specifically in motor neurone disease. Aspects of their contents, biogenesis, uptake and modifications offer many plausible routes towards the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekene Anakor
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (E.A.); (L.L.G.); (J.D.); (W.J.D.)
| | - Laura Le Gall
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (E.A.); (L.L.G.); (J.D.); (W.J.D.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Julie Dumonceaux
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (E.A.); (L.L.G.); (J.D.); (W.J.D.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - William John Duddy
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (E.A.); (L.L.G.); (J.D.); (W.J.D.)
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (E.A.); (L.L.G.); (J.D.); (W.J.D.)
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