101
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Ma L, Yan Y, Bai Y, Yang Y, Pan Y, Gang X, Karnes RJ, Zhang J, Lv Q, Wu Q, Huang H. Overcoming EZH2 Inhibitor Resistance by Taxane in PTEN-Mutated Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5020-5034. [PMID: 31410199 PMCID: PMC6691386 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The Polycomb group (PcG) protein EZH2 is implicated in cancer progression due to its frequent overexpression in many cancer types and therefore is a promising therapeutic target. Forkhead box transcription factor-1 (FOXO1) is a tumor suppressor that is often transcriptionally downregulated in human cancers such as prostate cancer although the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: Analysis of EZH2 ChIP-seq and ChIP-on-chip data in various cell types was performed. ChIP-qPCR, RT-qPCR, and western blot analyses were conducted to determine the mechanism by which EZH2 represses FOXO1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the correlation between EZH2 and FOXO1 protein expression in prostate cancer patient specimens. In vitro MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) and animal experiments were performed to determine the anti-cancer efficacy of EZH2 inhibitor alone or in combination of docetaxel, a chemotherapy agent of the taxane family, and dependency of the efficacy on FOXO1 expression. Results: We demonstrated that EZH2 binds to the FOXO1 gene promoter. EZH2 represses FOXO1 gene expression at the transcriptional level. EZH2 protein level inversely correlated with FOXO1 protein expression in prostate cancer patient specimens. This repression requires the methyltransferase activity and the functional PRC2 complex. While effectively inducing loss of viability of PTEN-positive 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, EZH2 inhibitor failed to inhibit growth of PTEN-negative C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Co-treatment with docetaxel overcame EZH2 inhibitor resistance in PTEN-negative cancer cells in vitro and in mice. This effect was largely mediated by docetaxel-induced nuclear localization and activation of FOXO1. Conclusions: This study identifies FOXO1 as a bona fide repression target of EZH2 and an essential mediator of EZH2 inhibition-induced cell death. Our findings suggest that EZH2 repression of FOXO1 can be targeted by EZH2 inhibitor as a monotherapy for PTEN-proficient cancers or in combination with taxane for treatment of cancers with PTEN mutation or deletion.
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102
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Zhao J, Adams A, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Hepatocyte PRMT1 protects from alcohol induced liver injury by modulating oxidative stress responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9111. [PMID: 31235809 PMCID: PMC6591482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the main enzyme of cellular arginine methylation. Previously we found that PRMT1 activity in the liver is altered after alcohol exposure resulting in epigenetic changes. To determine the impact of these PRMT1 changes on the liver's response to alcohol, we induced a hepatocyte specific PRMT1 knockout using AAV mediated Cre delivery in mice fed either alcohol or control Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. We found that in alcohol fed mice, PRMT1 prevents oxidative stress and promotes hepatocyte survival. PRMT1 knockout in alcohol fed mice resulted in a dramatic increase in hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, we found that alcohol promotes PRMT1 dephosphorylation at S297. Phosphorylation at this site is necessary for PRMT1-dependent protein arginine methylation. PRMT1 S297A, a dephosphorylation mimic of PRMT1 had reduced ability to promote gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic genes BIM and TRAIL and expression of a suppressor of hepatocyte proliferation, Hnf4α. On the other hand, several functions of PRMT1 were phosphorylation-independent, including expression of oxidative stress response genes, Sod1, Sod2 and others. In vitro, both wild type and S297A PRMT1 protected hepatocytes from oxidative stress induced apoptosis, however S297D phosphorylation mimic PRMT1 promoted cell death. Taken together these data suggest that PRMT1 is an essential factor of liver adaptation to alcohol; alcohol-induced dephosphorylation shifts PRMT1 toward a less pro-inflammatory, more pro-proliferative and pro-survival form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States
| | - Abby Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, United States.
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103
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Roles of forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors in neurodegenerative diseases: A panoramic view. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101645. [PMID: 31229499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which are among the most important aging-related diseases, are typically characterized by neuronal damage and a progressive impairment in neurological function during aging. Few effective therapeutic targets for NDDs have been revealed; thus, an understanding of the pathogenesis of NDDs is important. Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors have been implicated in the mechanisms regulating aging and longevity. The functions of FoxOs are regulated by diverse post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation and glycosylation). FoxOs exert both detrimental and protective effects on NDDs. Therefore, an understanding of the precise function of FoxOs in NDDs will be helpful for developing appropriate treatment strategies. In this review, we first introduce the post-translational modifications of FoxOs. Next, the regulation of FoxO expression and post-translational modifications in the central nervous system (CNS) is described. Afterwards, we analyze and address the important roles of FoxOs in NDDs. Finally, novel potential directions of future FoxO research in NDDs are discussed. This review recapitulates essential facts and questions about the promise of FoxOs in treating NDDs, and it will likely be important for the design of further basic studies and to realize the potential for FoxOs as therapeutic targets in NDDs.
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104
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hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation participates in migration regulation of triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7611. [PMID: 31110205 PMCID: PMC6527834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a novel Aurora-A-mediated Serine 379 (S379) phosphorylation of a poly(C)-binding protein, hnRNPK, the overexpression of which is frequently observed in various cancers. It is known that the oncogenic Aurora-A kinase promotes the malignancy of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the unexplored functions of hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation using MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple negative breast cancer cell that has amplification of the Aurora-A kinase gene. Accordingly, we established two cell lines in which the endogenous hnRNPK was replaced with either S379D or S379A hnRNPK respectively. Notably, we found that a phosphorylation-mimic S379D mutant of hnRNPK suppressed cell migration and, conversely, a phosphorylation-defective S379A mutant promoted migration. Moreover, Twist was downregulated upon hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation, whereas β-catenin and MMP12 were increased when there was loss of hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, S379A hnRNPK increases stability of β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that hnRNPK S379 phosphorylation regulates migration via the EMT signaling pathway.
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105
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Chapman NM, Shrestha S, Chi H. Metabolism in Immune Cell Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1011:1-85. [PMID: 28875486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a central determinant of organismal health. Functional immune responses require quiescent immune cells to rapidly grow, proliferate, and acquire effector functions when they sense infectious agents or other insults. Specialized metabolic programs are critical regulators of immune responses, and alterations in immune metabolism can cause immunological disorders. There has thus been growing interest in understanding how metabolic processes control immune cell functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize how metabolic programs are tuned and what the physiological consequences of metabolic reprogramming are as they relate to immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharad Shrestha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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106
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Liu LM, Sun WZ, Fan XZ, Xu YL, Cheng MB, Zhang Y. Methylation of C/EBPα by PRMT1 Inhibits Its Tumor-Suppressive Function in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2865-2877. [PMID: 31015230 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
C/EBPα is an essential transcription factor involved in regulating the expression or function of certain cell-cycle regulators, including in breast cancer cells. Although protein arginine methyltransferases have been shown to play oncogenic roles in a variety of cancers, little is known about the role of arginine methylation in regulating the antiproliferation activity of C/EBPα. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is overexpressed in human breast cancer and that elevated PRMT1 correlates with cancer malignancy. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that knockdown of PRMT1 in breast cancer cells is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of pro-proliferative genes, including cyclin D1. Furthermore, tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry identified PRMT1 as a component of the C/EBPα complex. C/EBPα associated with and was methylated by PRMT1 at three arginine residues (R35, R156, and R165). PRMT1-dependent methylation of C/EBPα promoted the expression of cyclin D1 by blocking the interaction between C/EBPα and its corepressor HDAC3, which resulted in rapid growth of tumor cells during the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Inhibition of PRMT1 significantly impeded the growth of cancer cells from patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This evidence that PRMT1 mediates C/EBPα methylation sheds light on a novel pathway and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides novel mechanistic insight of the role of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Zhe Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mo-Bin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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107
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Chakraborty P, Chatterjee S, Kesarwani P, Thyagarajan K, Iamsawat S, Dalheim A, Nguyen H, Selvam SP, Nasarre P, Scurti G, Hardiman G, Maulik N, Ball L, Gangaraju V, Rubinstein MP, Klauber-DeMore N, Hill EG, Ogretmen B, Yu XZ, Nishimura MI, Mehrotra S. Thioredoxin-1 improves the immunometabolic phenotype of antitumor T cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9198-9212. [PMID: 30971427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor epitope-reactive T cells has emerged as a promising strategy to control tumor growth. However, chronically-stimulated T cells expanded for adoptive cell transfer are susceptible to cell death in an oxidative tumor microenvironment. Because oxidation of cell-surface thiols also alters protein functionality, we hypothesized that increasing the levels of thioredoxin (Trx), an antioxidant molecule facilitating reduction of proteins through cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange, in T cells will promote their sustained antitumor function. Using pre-melanosome protein (Pmel)-Trx1 transgenic mouse-derived splenic T cells, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis, we observed here that higher Trx expression inversely correlated with reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to T-cell receptor restimulation or oxidation-mediated cell death. These Trx1-overexpressing T cells exhibited a cluster of differentiation 62Lhi (CD62Lhi) central memory-like phenotype with reduced glucose uptake (2-NBDGlo) and decreased effector function (interferon γlo). Furthermore, culturing tumor-reactive T cells in the presence of recombinant Trx increased the dependence of T cells on mitochondrial metabolism and improved tumor control. We conclude that strategies for increasing the antioxidant capacity of antitumor T cells modulate their immunometabolic phenotype leading to improved immunotherapeutic control of established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Annika Dalheim
- the Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | | | | | | | - Gina Scurti
- the Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | | | - Nilanjana Maulik
- the Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Public Health, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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108
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Doll F, Steimbach RR, Zumbusch A. Direct Imaging of Protein‐Specific Methylation in Mammalian Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Doll
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Raphael R. Steimbach
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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109
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Chen J, Lu Y, Tian M, Huang Q. Molecular mechanisms of FOXO1 in adipocyte differentiation. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R239-R253. [PMID: 30780132 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O1 (FOXO1) is a downstream target of AKT and plays crucial roles in cell cycle control, apoptosis, metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. It is thought that FOXO1 affects adipocyte differentiation by regulating lipogenesis and cell cycle. With the deepening in the understanding of this field, it is currently believed that FOXO1 translocation between nuclei and cytoplasm is involved in the regulation of FOXO1 activity, thus affecting adipocyte differentiation. Translocation of FOXO1 depends on its post-translational modifications and interactions with 14-3-3. Based on these modifications and interactions, FOXO1 could regulate lipogenesis through PPARγ and the adipocyte cell cycle through p21 and p27. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive FOXO1 regulation network in adipocyte differentiation by linking together distinct functions mentioned above to explain their effects on adipocyte differentiation and to emphasize the regulatory role of FOXO1. In addition, we also focus on the novel findings such as the use of miRNAs in FOXO1 regulation and highlight the improvable issues, such as RNA modifications, for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Chen
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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110
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PTEN arginine methylation by PRMT6 suppresses PI3K-AKT signaling and modulates pre-mRNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6868-6877. [PMID: 30886105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811028116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification that regulates critical cellular processes including signal transduction and pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we report that the tumor-suppressor PTEN is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Mass-spectrometry analysis reveals that PTEN is dimethylated at arginine 159 (R159). We found that PTEN is mutated at R159 in cancers, and the PTEN mutant R159K loses its capability to inhibit the PI3K-AKT cascade. Furthermore, PRMT6 is physically associated with PTEN, promotes asymmetrical dimethylation of PTEN, and regulates the PI3K-AKT cascade through PTEN R159 methylation. In addition, using transcriptome analyses, we found that PTEN R159 methylation is involved in modulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Our results demonstrate that PTEN is functionally regulated by arginine methylation. We propose that PTEN arginine methylation modulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing and influences diverse physiologic processes.
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111
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Ikenaka K, Atsuta N, Maeda Y, Hotta Y, Nakamura R, Kawai K, Yokoi D, Hirakawa A, Taniguchi A, Morita M, Mizoguchi K, Mochizuki H, Kimura K, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Increase of arginine dimethylation correlates with the progression and prognosis of ALS. Neurology 2019; 92:e1868-e1877. [PMID: 30867270 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether arginine methylation is altered in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and how it affects disease severity, progression, and prognosis. METHODS We compared the immunoreactivity of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and its products, asymmetric dimethylated proteins (ASYM), in postmortem spinal cord. We also measured the concentrations of total l-arginine and methylated arginine residues, including asymmetric dimethyl l-arginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl arginine, and monomethyl arginine, in CSF samples from 52 patients with ALS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we examined their relationship with the progression and prognosis of ALS. RESULTS The immunoreactivity of both PRMT1 (p < 0.0001) and ASYM (p = 0.005) was increased in patients with ALS. The concentration of ADMA in CSF was substantially higher in patients with ALS than in disease controls. The ADMA/l-arginine ratio was correlated with the change of decline in the ALS Functional Rating Scale at 12 months after the time of measurement (r = 0.406, p = 0.010). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that the ADMA/l-arginine ratio was an independent predictor for overall survival. Moreover, a high ADMA/l-arginine ratio predicted poor prognosis, even in a group with normal percentage forced vital capacity. CONCLUSION There was an enhancement of arginine dimethylation in patients with ALS, and the ADMA/l-arginine ratio predicted disease progression and prognosis in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ikenaka
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakamura
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaori Kawai
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daichi Yokoi
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Morita
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizoguchi
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- From the Department of Neurology (K.I., N.A., R.N., K. Kawai, D.Y., M.K., G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (K.I., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita; Department of Hospital Pharmacy (Y.M., Y.H., K. Kimura), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.), University of Tokyo; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu; Department of Neurology (M.M.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi; National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center (K.M.); and Brain and Mind Research Center (G.S.), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
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Ren H, Yu X, Shen G, Zhang Z, Shang Q, Zhao W, Huang J, Yu P, Zhan M, Lu Y, Liang Z, Tang J, Liang D, Yao Z, Yang Z, Jiang X. miRNA-seq analysis of human vertebrae provides insight into the mechanism underlying GIOP. Bone 2019; 120:371-386. [PMID: 30503955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was recently applied to detect microRNA (miRNA) regulation in age-related osteoporosis. However, miRNA regulation has not been reported in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) patients and the mechanism of GIOP remains elusive. To comprehensively analyze the role of miRNA regulation in GIOP based on human vertebrae and to explore the molecular mechanism, a high-throughput sequencing strategy was employed to identify miRNAs involved in GIOP. Twenty-six patients undergoing spinal surgery were included in this study. Six vertebral samples were selected for miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) analysis and 26 vertebral samples were verified by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics was utilized for target prediction, to investigate the regulation of miRNA-mRNA networks, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Six significantly up-regulated miRNAs (including one novel miRNA) and three significantly down-regulated miRNAs were verified via miRNA-seq and verified in the vertebrae of GIOP patients. Up-regulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-214-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-186-5p, and hsa-miR-novel-chr3_49,413 while down-regulated miRNAs included hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p, and hsa-miR-27a-3p. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 5983 and 23,463 predicted targets in the up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs respectively, using the miRanda, miRBase and TargetScan databases. The target genes of these significantly altered miRNAs were enriched to 1939 GO terms and 84 KEGG pathways. GO terms revealed that up-regulated targets were most enriched in actin filament-based processes (BP), anchoring junction (CC), and cytoskeletal protein binding (MF). Conversely, the down-regulated targets were mostly enriched in multicellular organismal development (BP), intracellular membrane-bounded organelles (CC), and protein binding (MF). Top-10 pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed miRNAs in GIOP were closely related to bone metabolism-related pathways such as FoxO, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and Notch signaling pathway. These results suggest that significantly altered miRNAs may play an important role in GIOP by targeting mRNA and regulating biological processes and bone metabolism-related pathways such as MAPK, FoxO, PI3K-Akt and Notch signaling, which provides novel insight into the mechanism of GIOP and lays a good foundation for the prevention and treatment of GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qi Shang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jinjing Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Meiqi Zhan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China, 510405; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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113
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Monroy Kuhn JM, Meusemann K, Korb J. Long live the queen, the king and the commoner? Transcript expression differences between old and young in the termite Cryptotermes secundus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210371. [PMID: 30759161 PMCID: PMC6373952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social insects provide promising new avenues for aging research. Within a colony, individuals that share the same genetic background can differ in lifespan by up to two orders of magnitude. Reproducing queens (and in termites also kings) can live for more than 20 years, extraordinary lifespans for insects. We studied aging in a termite species, Cryptotermes secundus, which lives in less socially complex societies with a few hundred colony members. Reproductives develop from workers which are totipotent immatures. Comparing transcriptomes of young and old individuals, we found evidence for aging in reproductives that was especially associated with DNA and protein damage and the activity of transposable elements. By contrast, workers seemed to be better protected against aging. Thus our results differed from those obtained for social insects that live in more complex societies. Yet, they are in agreement with lifespan estimates for the study species. Our data are also in line with expectations from evolutionary theory. For individuals that are able to reproduce, it predicts that aging should only start after reaching maturity. As C. secundus workers are immatures with full reproductive options we expect them to invest into anti-aging processes. Our study illustrates that the degree of aging can differ between social insects and that it may be associated with caste-specific opportunities for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JMMK); (JK)
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Judith Korb
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JMMK); (JK)
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Downregulation of PRMT1 promotes the senescence and migration of a non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1771. [PMID: 30741995 PMCID: PMC6370813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzing the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginines has been implicated in cancer development, metastasis, and prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of low PRMT1 levels on a non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line. Stable PRMT1-knockdown (PRMT1-KD) cells showed reduced growth rates and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. They also exhibited senescent phenotypes and increased p53 expression. p21 and PAI-1, which are two p53 downstream targets critical for senescence, were significantly induced in SK-N-SH cells subjected to either PRMT1-KD or inhibitor treatment. The induction was suppressed by a p53 inhibitor and marginal in a p53-null SK-N-AS cell line, suggesting dependence on p53. In general, the DNA damage and ROS levels of the PRMT1-KD SK-N-SH cells were slightly increased. Their migration activity also increased with the induction of PAI-1. Thus, PRMT1 downregulation released the repression of cellular senescence and migration activity in SK-N-SH cells. These results might partially explain the poor prognostic outcome of low PRMT1 in a non-MYCN-amplified cohort and indicate the multifaceted complexity of PRMT1 as a biological regulator of neuroblastoma.
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115
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Choi S, Jeong HJ, Kim H, Choi D, Cho SC, Seong JK, Koo SH, Kang JS. Skeletal muscle-specific Prmt1 deletion causes muscle atrophy via deregulation of the PRMT6-FOXO3 axis. Autophagy 2019; 15:1069-1081. [PMID: 30653406 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have emerged as important regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism and regeneration. However, the direct roles of the various PRMTs during skeletal muscle remodeling remain unclear. Using skeletal muscle-specific prmt1 knockout mice, we examined the function and downstream targets of PRMT1 in muscle homeostasis. We found that muscle-specific PRMT1 deficiency led to muscle atrophy. PRMT1-deficient muscles exhibited enhanced expression of a macroautophagic/autophagic marker LC3-II, FOXO3 and muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, TRIM63/MURF-1 and FBXO32, likely contributing to muscle atrophy. The mechanistic study reveals that PRMT1 regulates FOXO3 through PRMT6 modulation. In the absence of PRMT1, increased PRMT6 specifically methylates FOXO3 at arginine 188 and 249, leading to its activation. Finally, we demonstrate that PRMT1 deficiency triggers FOXO3 hyperactivation, which is abrogated by PRMT6 depletion. Taken together, PRMT1 is a key regulator for the PRMT6-FOXO3 axis in the control of autophagy and protein degradation underlying muscle maintenance. Abbreviations: Ad-RNAi: adenovirus-delivered small interfering RNA; AKT: thymoma viral proto-oncogene; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CSA: cross-sectional area; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; FBXO32: F-box protein 32; FOXO: forkhead box O; GAS: gatrocnemieus; HDAC: histone deacetylase; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mKO: Mice with skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Prmt1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYH: myosin heavy chain; MYL1/MLC1f: myosin, light polypeptide 1; PRMT: protein arginine N-methyltransferase; sgRNA: single guide RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SOL: soleus; TA: tibialis anterior; TRIM63/MURF-1: tripartite motif-containing 63; YY1: YY1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Choi
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- b Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Hyebeen Kim
- b Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Dahee Choi
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sung-Chun Cho
- c Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- d Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center , Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- b Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea.,e Samsung Biomedical Research Institute , Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea
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116
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Arginine methylation of FOXP3 is crucial for the suppressive function of regulatory T cells. J Autoimmun 2019; 97:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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117
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menin, a chromatin binding protein, interacts with various epigenetic regulators to regulate gene transcription, whereas forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor that can be regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Both menin and FOXO1 are crucial regulators of β-cell function and metabolism; however, whether or how they interplay to regulate β cells is not clear. METHODS To examine whether menin affects expression of FOXO1, we ectopically expressed menin complementary DNA and small hairpin RNA targeting menin via a retroviral vector in INS-1 cells. Western blotting was used to analyze protein levels. RESULTS Our current work shows that menin increases the expression of FOXO1. Menin stabilizes FOXO1 protein level in INS-1 cells, as shown by increased half-life of FOXO1 by menin expression. Moreover, menin represses ubiquitination of FOXO1 protein and AKT phosphorylation, We found that menin stabilizes FOXO1 by repressing FOXO1 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Because FOXO1 upregulates the menin gene transcription, our findings unravel a crucial menin and FOXO1 interplay, with menin and FOXO1 upregulating their expression reciprocally, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain menin and FOXO1 expression.
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118
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Kako K, Kim JD, Fukamizu A. Emerging impacts of biological methylation on genetic information. J Biochem 2019; 165:9-18. [PMID: 30219914 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology explains the fundamental flow of genetic information for life. Although genome sequence (DNA) itself is a static chemical signature, it includes multiple layers of information composed of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and small RNAs, all of which are involved in protein synthesis and is passing from parents to offspring via DNA. Methylation is a biologically important modification, because DNA, RNAs and proteins, components of the central dogma, are methylated by a set of methyltransferases. Recent works focused on understanding a variety of biological methylation have shed light on new regulation of cellular functions. In this review, we briefly discuss some of those recent findings of methylation, including DNA, RNAs and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kako
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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119
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Zhang X, Yang S, Chen J, Su Z. Unraveling the Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:802. [PMID: 30733709 PMCID: PMC6353800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis, de novo glucose synthesis from available precursors, plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis to meet energy demands during prolonged starvation in animals. The abnormally increased rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Gluconeogenesis is regulated on multiple levels, such as hormonal secretion, gene transcription, and posttranslational modification. We review here the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenesis in response to nutritional and hormonal changes. The nutrient state determines the hormone release, which instigates the signaling cascades in the liver to modulate the activities of various transcriptional factors through various post-translational modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can mediate the activities of some transcription factors, however its role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis remains uncertain. Metformin, a primary hypoglycemic agent of type 2 diabetes, ameliorates hyperglycemia predominantly through suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to be metformin's mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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120
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Kita M, Nakae J, Kawano Y, Asahara H, Takemori H, Okado H, Itoh H. Zfp238 Regulates the Thermogenic Program in Cooperation with Foxo1. iScience 2019; 12:87-101. [PMID: 30677742 PMCID: PMC6352565 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an explicit public health concern because of its relevance to metabolic syndrome. Evidence points to the significance of beige adipocytes in regulating energy expenditure. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we show that Zfp238 is a Foxo1 co-repressor and that adipose-tissue-specific ablation of Zfp238 (Adipo-Zfp238KO) in mice leads to obesity, decreased energy expenditure, and insulin resistance under normal chow diet. Adipo-Zfp238KO inhibits induction of Ucp1 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue upon cold exposure or CL316243, but not in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, knockdown of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells decreases Ucp1 expression in response to cool incubation or forskolin significantly compared with control cells. In contrast, overexpression of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increases Ucp1 expression in response to forskolin. Finally, double knockdown of both Zfp238 and Foxo1 normalizes Ucp1 induction. These data suggest that Zfp238 in adipose tissue regulates the thermogenic program in cooperation with Foxo1. Zfp238 is a Foxo1 co-repressor Zfp238 deficiency in adipocyte leads to obesity and decreased energy expenditure Knockdown of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells decreases Ucp1 induction Double knockdown of both Zfp238 and Foxo1 normalizes Ucp1 induction
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Kita
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Kawano
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Yakubu RR, Nieves E, Weiss LM. The Methods Employed in Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) and Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:169-198. [PMID: 31347048 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized the way we study biomolecules, especially proteins, their interactions and posttranslational modifications (PTM). As such MS has established itself as the leading tool for the analysis of PTMs mainly because this approach is highly sensitive, amenable to high throughput and is capable of assigning PTMs to specific sites in the amino acid sequence of proteins and peptides. Along with the advances in MS methodology there have been improvements in biochemical, genetic and cell biological approaches to mapping the interactome which are discussed with consideration for both the practical and technical considerations of these techniques. The interactome of a species is generally understood to represent the sum of all potential protein-protein interactions. There are still a number of barriers to the elucidation of the human interactome or any other species as physical contact between protein pairs that occur by selective molecular docking in a particular spatiotemporal biological context are not easily captured and measured.PTMs massively increase the complexity of organismal proteomes and play a role in almost all aspects of cell biology, allowing for fine-tuning of protein structure, function and localization. There are an estimated 300 PTMS with a predicted 5% of the eukaryotic genome coding for enzymes involved in protein modification, however we have not yet been able to reliably map PTM proteomes due to limitations in sample preparation, analytical techniques, data analysis, and the substoichiometric and transient nature of some PTMs. Improvements in proteomic and mass spectrometry methods, as well as sample preparation, have been exploited in a large number of proteome-wide surveys of PTMs in many different organisms. Here we focus on previously published global PTM proteome studies in the Apicomplexan parasites T. gondii and P. falciparum which offer numerous insights into the abundance and function of each of the studied PTM in the Apicomplexa. Integration of these datasets provide a more complete picture of the relative importance of PTM and crosstalk between them and how together PTM globally change the cellular biology of the Apicomplexan protozoa. A multitude of techniques used to investigate PTMs, mostly techniques in MS-based proteomics, are discussed for their ability to uncover relevant biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama R Yakubu
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Edward Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Chen X, Luo X, Cheng Y. Trifluoperazine prevents FOXO1 nuclear excretion and reverses doxorubicin-resistance in the SHG44/DOX drug-resistant glioma cell line. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3300-3308. [PMID: 30272254 PMCID: PMC6202074 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a tumor suppressor, Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is located in the nucleus where it regulates gene expression and inhibits tumor progression. However, the antitumor effects of FOXO1 are attenuated in several tumors due to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Trifluoperazine (TFP) is able to reverse tumor drug resistance by inhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), however, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which this occurs remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the doxorubicin (DOX)‑resistant SHG44/DOX glioma cell line was established. The results showed that TFP promoted DOX‑induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that DOX combined with TFP reduced tumor volumes and proliferation indices, and led to higher protein levels of FOXO1. In addition, TFP inhibited the nuclear exclusion of FOXO1, contributing toward the downregulation of MDR genes and an increase in intracellular DOX concentrations by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and spectrophotometer analysis. Therefore, TFP may inhibit DOX resistance by stimulating FOXO1 nuclear translocation and suppressing MDF genes in SHG44/DOX cells, contributing to promising clinical prospects for tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010
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Cardiac specific PRMT1 ablation causes heart failure through CaMKII dysregulation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5107. [PMID: 30504773 PMCID: PMC6269446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II is closely linked with myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the mechanisms that regulate CaMKII activity are incompletely understood. Here we show that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is essential for preventing cardiac CaMKII hyperactivation. Mice null for cardiac PRMT1 exhibit a rapid progression to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure within 2 months, accompanied by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Consistently, PRMT1 is downregulated in heart failure patients. PRMT1 depletion in isolated cardiomyocytes evokes hypertrophic responses with elevated remodeling gene expression, while PRMT1 overexpression protects against pathological responses to neurohormones. The level of active CaMKII is significantly elevated in PRMT1-deficient hearts or cardiomyocytes. PRMT1 interacts with and methylates CaMKII at arginine residues 9 and 275, leading to its inhibition. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII restores contractile function in PRMT1-deficient mice. Thus, our data suggest that PRMT1 is a critical regulator of CaMKII to maintain cardiac function. The mechanisms that regulate the activity of Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the context of heart failure are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) prevents cardiac hyperactivation of CaMKII and heart failure development by methylating CaMKII at arginine residues 9 and 275.
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PRMT1 Deficiency in Mouse Juvenile Heart Induces Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Reveals Cryptic Alternative Splicing Products. iScience 2018; 8:200-213. [PMID: 30321814 PMCID: PMC6197527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes the asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in proteins and methylation of various RNA-binding proteins and is associated with alternative splicing in vitro. Although PRMT1 has essential in vivo roles in embryonic development, CNS development, and skeletal muscle regeneration, the functional importance of PRMT1 in the heart remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that juvenile cardiomyocyte-specific PRMT1-deficient mice develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy and exhibit aberrant cardiac alternative splicing. Furthermore, we identified previously undefined cardiac alternative splicing isoforms of four genes (Asb2, Fbxo40, Nrap, and Eif4a2) in PRMT1-cKO mice and revealed that eIF4A2 protein isoforms translated from alternatively spliced mRNA were differentially ubiquitinated and degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings highlight the essential roles of PRMT1 in cardiac homeostasis and alternative splicing regulation. PRMT1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes causes dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile mice PRMT1-deficient heart shows abnormal alternative splicing patterns Previously undefined cardiac splicing events are revealed by transcriptome analysis eIF4A2 isoforms are differentially ubiquitinated and degraded
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Calabretta S, Vogel G, Yu Z, Choquet K, Darbelli L, Nicholson TB, Kleinman CL, Richard S. Loss of PRMT5 Promotes PDGFRα Degradation during Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination. Dev Cell 2018; 46:426-440.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
FOXO transcription factors are evolutionally conserved regulators of organismal life span downstream of insulin signaling. After integrating cellular signals from various stimuli such as growth factors, oxidative stress, and energy deprivation, FOXO factors induce expression of a specific set of genes that regulate various cellular processes to maintain homeostasis at a cellular or organismal level. In this review, we discuss roles of FOXO proteins in the maintenance of mitochondria, organelles critical for cellular quality control. FOXO factors protect mitochondria by activating mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes and they help remodel damaged mitochondria by inducing remodeling processes such as mitophagy. Furthermore, we also review the recently identified FOXO-dependent retrograde signaling from stressed mitochondria to the nucleus, which suggest that FOXO mediates the crosstalk between these two important organelles to maintain cell homeostasis. In addition, we introduce a mitohormetic role of gamitrinib-triphenylphosphonium (G-TPP), a mitochondrial heat shock protein (Hsp) inhibitor that can induce mild mitochondrial stress to protect cells from future insults in a FOXO-dependent manner.
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Bowitch A, Michaels KL, Yu MC, Ferkey DM. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT-5 Regulates SER-2 Tyramine Receptor-Mediated Behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:2389-2398. [PMID: 29760200 PMCID: PMC6027898 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are 7-pass transmembrane receptors that couple to heterotrimeric G proteins to mediate cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate G protein-coupled receptors is crucial to manipulating their signaling for therapeutic benefit. One key regulatory mechanism that contributes to the functional diversity of many signaling proteins is post-translational modification. Whereas phosphorylation remains the best studied of such modifications, arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases is emerging as a key regulator of protein function. We previously published the first functional evidence that arginine methylation of G protein-coupled receptors modulates their signaling. We report here a third receptor that is regulated by arginine methylation, the Caenorhabditis elegans SER-2 tyramine receptor. We show that arginines within a putative methylation motif in the third intracellular loop of SER-2 are methylated by PRMT5 in vitro Our data also suggest that this modification enhances SER-2 signaling in vivo to modulate animal behavior. The identification of a third G protein-coupled receptor to be functionally regulated by arginine methylation suggests that this post-translational modification may be utilized to regulate signaling through a broad array of G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bowitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Kerry L Michaels
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Michael C Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Denise M Ferkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Mattice AMS, MacLean IA, Childers CL, Storey KB. -Characterization of pyruvate kinase from the anoxia tolerant turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans: a potential role for enzyme methylation during metabolic rate depression. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4918. [PMID: 29900073 PMCID: PMC5995096 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pyruvate kinase (PK) is responsible for the final reaction in glycolysis. As PK is a glycolytic control point, the analysis of PK posttranslational modifications (PTM) and kinetic changes reveals a key piece of the reorganization of energy metabolism in an anoxia tolerant vertebrate. Methods To explore PK regulation, the enzyme was isolated from red skeletal muscle and liver of aerobic and 20-hr anoxia-exposed red eared-slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Kinetic analysis and immunoblotting were used to assess enzyme function and the corresponding covalent modifications to the enzymes structure during anoxia. Results Both muscle and liver isoforms showed decreased affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate substrate during anoxia, and muscle PK also had a lower affinity for ADP. I50 values for the inhibitors ATP and lactate were lower for PK from both tissues after anoxic exposure while I50 L-alanine was only reduced in the liver. Both isozymes showed significant increases in threonine phosphorylation (by 42% in muscle and 60% in liver) and lysine methylation (by 43% in muscle and 70% in liver) during anoxia which have been linked to suppression of PK activity in other organisms. Liver PK also showed a 26% decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation under anoxia. Discussion Anoxia responsive changes in turtle muscle and liver PK coordinate with an overall reduced activity state. This reduced affinity for the forward glycolytic reaction is likely a key component of the overall metabolic rate depression that supports long term survival in anoxia tolerant turtles. The coinciding methyl- and phospho- PTM alterations present the mechanism for tissue specific enzyme modification during anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M S Mattice
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Isabelle A MacLean
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christine L Childers
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Abstract
Studies have been showing how changes in ultraviolet (UV) affect the terrestrial system, mostly focusing on higher plants and indirect effects, e.g. UV changed food quality/decomposition. Much less attention has been given to direct effect on terrestrial species, although the negative effects have been recognized for some earthworms. Further, the actual mechanisms of UV toxicity to soil invertebrates are even less understood. We here studied the effect of UV on the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus, and attempted to identify the possible mechanisms of toxicity using high-throughput gene expression. Applying a UV dose equivalent to UV during the winter months in northern Europe we observed an 80% decrease in reproduction. For these organisms, approximately 5% of the genes were differentially expressed. Among the observations was an activation of the DNA repair mechanisms, nucleotide excision repair, which correlated with survival of the organisms. An observed repressing of apoptosis seems to have deleterious effects (e.g. because it may lead to the accumulation of aberrant cells) leading to a decline in reproduction. The mechanisms activated by UV were similar to those mechanisms activated in humans, showing conservation across species.
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Hornsveld M, Dansen T, Derksen P, Burgering B. Re-evaluating the role of FOXOs in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Smith E, Zhou W, Shindiapina P, Sif S, Li C, Baiocchi RA. Recent advances in targeting protein arginine methyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:527-545. [PMID: 29781349 PMCID: PMC6311705 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1474203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed the diverse roles of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family of proteins in multiple disease states. These findings have led to the development of specific inhibitors and discovery of several new classes of drugs with potential to treat both benign and malignant conditions. Areas covered: We provide an overview on the role of PRMT enzymes in healthy and malignant cells, highlighting the role of arginine methylation in specific pathways relevant to cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, we describe structure and catalytic activity of PRMT and discuss the mechanisms of action of novel small molecule inhibitors of specific members of the arginine methyltransferase family. Expert opinion: As the field of PRMT biology advances, it's becoming clear that this class of enzymes is highly relevant to maintaining normal physiologic processes as well and disease pathogenesis. We discuss the potential impact of PRMT inhibitors as a broad class of drugs, including the pleiotropic effects, off target effects the need for more detailed PRMT-centric interactomes, and finally, the potential for targeting this class of enzymes in clinical development of experimental therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Said Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Mota R, Parry TL, Yates CC, Qiang Z, Eaton SC, Mwiza JM, Tulasi D, Schisler JC, Patterson C, Zaglia T, Sandri M, Willis MS. Increasing Cardiomyocyte Atrogin-1 Reduces Aging-Associated Fibrosis and Regulates Remodeling in Vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1676-1692. [PMID: 29758183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 (MAFbx) has been identified as a critical regulator of pathologic and physiological cardiac hypertrophy; it regulates these processes by ubiquitinating transcription factors [nuclear factor of activated T-cells and forkhead box O (FoxO) 1/3]. However, the role of atrogin-1 in regulating transcription factors in aging has not previously been described. Atrogin-1 cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic (Tg+) adult mice (α-major histocompatibility complex promoter driven) have normal cardiac function and size. Herein, we demonstrate that 18-month-old atrogin-1 Tg+ hearts exhibit significantly increased anterior wall thickness without functional impairment versus wild-type mice. Histologic analysis at 18 months revealed atrogin-1 Tg+ mice had significantly less fibrosis and significantly greater nuclei and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional analysis. Furthermore, by real-time quantitative PCR, atrogin-1 Tg+ had increased Col 6a4, 6a5, 6a6, matrix metalloproteinase 8 (Mmp8), and Mmp9 mRNA, suggesting a role for atrogin-1 in regulating collagen deposits and MMP-8 and MMP-9. Because atrogin-1 Tg+ mice exhibited significantly less collagen deposition and protein levels, enhanced Mmp8 and Mmp9 mRNA may offer one mechanism by which collagen levels are kept in check in the aged atrogin-1 Tg+ heart. In addition, atrogin-1 Tg+ hearts showed enhanced FoxO1/3 activity. The present study shows a novel link between atrogin-1-mediated regulation of FoxO1/3 activity and reduced collagen deposition and fibrosis in the aged heart. Therefore, targeting FoxO1/3 activity via the muscle-specific atrogin-1 ubiquitin ligase may offer a muscle-specific method to modulate aging-related cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mota
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaoyan Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Samuel C Eaton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jean Marie Mwiza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Deepthi Tulasi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cam Patterson
- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Cui W, Yoneda R, Ueda N, Kurokawa R. Arginine methylation of translocated in liposarcoma (TLS) inhibits its binding to long noncoding RNA, abrogating TLS-mediated repression of CBP/p300 activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10937-10948. [PMID: 29784880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocated in liposarcoma (TLS) is an RNA-binding protein and a transcription-regulatory sensor of DNA damage. TLS binds promoter-associated noncoding RNA (pncRNA) and inhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of CREB-binding protein (CBP)/E1A-binding protein P300 (p300) on the cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene. Although post-translational modifications of TLS, such as arginine methylation, are known to regulate TLS's nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and assembly in stress granules, its interactions with RNAs remain poorly characterized. Herein, using various biochemical assays, we confirmed the earlier observations that TLS is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in vitro The arginine methylation of TLS disrupted binding to pncRNA and also prevented binding of TLS to and inhibition of CBP/p300. This result indicated that arginine methylation of TLS abrogates both binding to pncRNA and TLS-mediated inhibition of CBP/p300 HAT activities. We also report that an arginine residue within the Arg-Gly-Gly domain of TLS, Arg-476, serves as the major determinant for binding to pncRNA. Either methylation or mutation of Arg-476 of TLS significantly decreased pncRNA binding and thereby prevented a pncRNA-induced allosteric alteration in TLS that is required for its interaction with CBP/p300. Moreover, unlike WT TLS, an R476A TLS mutant did not inhibit CCND1 promoter activity in luciferase reporter assays. Taken together, we propose the hypothesis that arginine methylation of TLS regulates both TLS-nucleic acid and TLS-protein interactions and thereby participates in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- From the Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Ryoma Yoneda
- From the Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Naomi Ueda
- From the Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Riki Kurokawa
- From the Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
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Araoi S, Daitoku H, Yokoyama A, Kako K, Hirota K, Fukamizu A. The GATA transcription factor ELT-2 modulates both the expression and methyltransferase activity of PRMT-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biochem 2018; 163:433-440. [PMID: 29361115 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes asymmetric arginine dimethylation of cellular proteins and thus modulates various biological processes, including gene regulation, RNA metabolism, cell signaling and DNA repair. Since prmt-1 null mutant completely abolishes asymmetric dimethylarginine in C. elegans, PRMT-1 is thought to play a crucial role in determining levels of asymmetric arginine dimethylation. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of PRMT-1 activity remains largely unknown. Here, we explored for transcription factors that induce the expression of PRMT-1 by an RNAi screen using transgenic C. elegans harbouring prmt-1 promoter upstream of gfp. Of 529 clones, we identify a GATA transcription factor elt-2 as a positive regulator of Pprmt-1:: gfp expression and show that elt-2 RNAi decreases endogenous PRMT-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels. Nevertheless, surprisingly arginine methylation levels are increased when elt-2 is silenced, implying that erythroid-like transcription factor (ELT)-2 may also have ability to inhibit methyltransferase activity of PRMT-1. Supporting this idea, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate the interaction between ELT-2 and PRMT-1. Furthermore, we find that ELT-2 interferes with PRMT-1-induced arginine methylation in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results illustrate the two modes of PRMT-1 regulation, which could determine the levels of asymmetric arginine dimethylation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Araoi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Keiko Hirota
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences.,Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Li S, Ma YM, Zheng PS, Zhang P. GDF15 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by phosphorylating AKT1 and Erk1/2 through the receptor ErbB2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:80. [PMID: 29636108 PMCID: PMC5894198 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and evidence suggests that a substantial amount of GDF15 is secreted in various human cancers, such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, among others. However, the function of GDF15 in cervical cancer has not yet been reported. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GDF15 expression in normal cervix and in different cervical cancer lesions. Cell growth curves, MTT, tumor formation assays and flow cytometry were utilized to observe the effects of ectopic GDF15 expression on the proliferation and cell cycle of cervical cancer cells. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to measure the expression of genes related to the cell cycle and the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to confirm whether C-myc bound to a specific region of the GDF15 promoter. Inhibitor treatment and immunoprecipitation assays were employed to identify the association between GDF15 and ErbB2. RESULTS GDF15 expression gradually increased during the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. GDF15 promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation via exogenous rhGDF15 treatment or the use of gene editing technology in vitro and in vivo and significantly accelerated the cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S phase. The expression of p-ErbB2, p-AKT1, p-Erk1/2, CyclinD1 and CyclinE1 was up-regulated and the expression of p21 was down-regulated in GDF15-overexpressing and rhGDF15-treated cervical cancer cells. C-myc trans-activated GDF15 expression by binding to the E-box motifs in the promoter of GDF15 and contributed to the positive feedback of GDF15/C-myc/GDF15. Furthermore, GDF15 bound to ErbB2 in a protein complex in cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that GDF15 promoted the proliferation of cervical cancer cells via the up-regulation of CyclinD1 and CyclinE1 and the down-regulation of p21 through both the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in a complex with ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Min Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Tsitsipatis D, Gopal K, Steinbrenner H, Klotz LO. FOXO1 cysteine-612 mediates stimulatory effects of the coregulators CBP and PGC1α on FOXO1 basal transcriptional activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:98-107. [PMID: 29496617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic production and release of metabolites, nutrients and micronutrient transporters is tightly regulated at the level of gene expression. In this regard, transcription factor FOXO1 modulates the expression of genes such as G6PC and SELENOP, encoding the catalytic subunit of glucose 6-phosphatase and the plasma selenium transporter selenoprotein P, respectively. Here, we analyzed the role of cysteine residues in FOXO1 in controlling its activity with respect to regulation of G6PC and SELENOP in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. None of the seven FOXO1 cysteines affected FOXO1 binding to DNA or its basal subcellular distribution. Whereas overexpression of wildtype FOXO1 caused a strong induction of both G6PC and SELENOP promoter activities and mRNA levels, the induction was lowered by approx. 50% if cysteine-deficient FOXO1 was overexpressed instead. Only the most C-terminal of the seven FOXO1 cysteines, Cys612, was required and sufficient to ensure full FOXO1 transactivation activity. Coexpression of FOXO1 coregulators, CBP or PGC1α, had a strong synergistic effect in stimulating G6PC promoter activity and expression, fully relying on the presence of FOXO1 Cys612. Similarly, a synergistic effect of FOXO1 and CBP was observed for SELENOP. In contrast, stimulation of SELENOP by PGC1α was independent of FOXO1-Cys612, due to the close proximity of a hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α binding site to the FOXO1 binding site within the SELENOP promoter, as demonstrated using mutant SELENOP promoter constructs. In summary, full basal FOXO1 transactivation activity relies on Cys612, which mediates synergistic effects of coregulators, CBP or PGC1α, on FOXO1 transcriptional activity. The extent of Cys612 contribution depends on the promoter context of FOXO1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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137
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Garcillán B, Figgett WA, Infantino S, Lim EX, Mackay F. Molecular control of B-cell homeostasis in health and malignancy. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:453-462. [PMID: 29499091 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered B-cell homeostasis underlies a wide range of pathologies, from cancers to autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. The molecular safeguards against those disorders, which also allow effective immune responses, are therefore particularly critical. Here, we review recent findings detailing the fine control of B-cell homeostasis, during B-cell development, maturation in the periphery and during activation and differentiation into antibody-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcillán
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William A Figgett
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simona Infantino
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ee Xin Lim
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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138
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Brodie EJ, Infantino S, Low MSY, Tarlinton DM. Lyn, Lupus, and (B) Lymphocytes, a Lesson on the Critical Balance of Kinase Signaling in Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:401. [PMID: 29545808 PMCID: PMC5837976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by increased sensitivity to self-antigens, auto-antibody production, and systemic inflammation. B cells have been implicated in disease progression and as such represent an attractive therapeutic target. Lyn is a Src family tyrosine kinase that plays a major role in regulating signaling pathways within B cells as well as other hematopoietic cells. Its role in initiating negative signaling cascades is especially critical as exemplified by Lyn-/- mice developing an SLE-like disease with plasma cell hyperplasia, underscoring the importance of tightly regulating signaling within B cells. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the function of the Src family tyrosine kinase Lyn in B lymphocytes and its contribution to positive and negative signaling pathways that are dysregulated in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Brodie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simona Infantino
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael S. Y. Low
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Monash Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David M. Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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139
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Abstract
Sirt6 is one of the sirtuin family members, a kind of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase and ADP-ribose transferase enzyme. It has an important role in physiological and pathological processes, regulating aging, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and energy metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that reduced Sirt6 action is related to obesity and diabetes. Aging and overnutrition, two major risk factors for obesity and diabetes, lead to decreased Sirt6 level and function, which results in abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Whole-body ablation of Sirt6 in mice results in severe hypoglycemia. Sirt6 deficiency leads to liver steatosis and promotes diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Sirt6 has a protective effect on obesity and diabetes. This review surveys evidence for an emerging role of Sirt6 as a regulator of metabolism in mammals and summarizes its major functions in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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140
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Poulard C, Corbo L, Le Romancer M. Protein arginine methylation/demethylation and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67532-67550. [PMID: 27556302 PMCID: PMC5341895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification involved in numerous cellular processes including transcription, DNA repair, mRNA splicing and signal transduction. Currently, there are nine known members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, but only one arginine demethylase has been identified, namely the Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6). Although its demethylase activity was initially challenged, its dual activity as an arginine demethylase and a lysine hydroxylase is now recognized. Interestingly, a growing number of substrates for arginine methylation and demethylation play key roles in tumorigenesis. Though alterations in the sequence of these enzymes have not been identified in cancer, their overexpression is associated with various cancers, suggesting that they could constitute targets for therapeutic strategies. In this review, we present the recent knowledge of the involvement of PRMTs and JMJD6 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Poulard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Corbo
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
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141
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Role of Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor in aging and diseases. Gene 2018; 648:97-105. [PMID: 29428128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fork head box O (FOXO) transcription factor is a key player in an evolutionarily conserved pathway. The mammalian FOXO family consists of FOXO1, 3, 4 and 6, are highly similar in their structure, function and regulation. To maintain optimum body function, the organisms have developed complex mechanisms for homeostasis. Importantly, it is well known that when these mechanisms dysregulate it results in the development of age-related disease. FOXO proteins are involved in a diverse cellular function and also have clinical significance including cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, tumour suppression, DNA repair, longevity, diabetic complications, immunity, wound healing, regulation of metabolism and thus treatment of several types of diseases. By the combinations of post-translational modifications FOXO's serve as a 'molecular code' to sense external stimuli and recruit it as to specific regions of the genome and provide an integrated cellular response to changing physiological conditions. Akt/Protein kinase B a signaling pathway as a main regulator of FOXO to perform a diverse function in organisms. The present review summarizes the molecular and clinical aspects of FOXO transcription factor. And also elaborate the interaction of FOXO with the nucleosome remodelling complex to target genes, which is essential to cellular homeostasis.
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142
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Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved FOXO family of transcription factors has emerged as a significant arbiter of neural cell fate and function in mammals. From the neural stem cell (NSC) state through mature neurons under both physiological and pathological conditions, they have been found to modulate neural cell survival, stress responses, lineage commitment, and neuronal signaling. Lineage-specific FOXO knockout mice have provided an invaluable tool for the dissection of FOXO biology in the nervous system. Within the NSC compartments of the brain, FOXOs are required for the maintenance of NSC quiescence and for the clearance of reactive oxygen species. Within mature neurons, FOXO transcriptional activity is essential for the prevention of age-dependent axonal degeneration. Acutely, FOXO3 has been found to cause axonal degeneration upon withdrawal of neurotrophic factors. In more active neural signaling, FOXO6 promotes increased dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons and is required for the consolidation of memories. In addition to the central nervous system (CNS), FOXOs also influence the functionality of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). FOXO1 knockout within the PNS results in a reduction of sympathetic tone and decreased levels of brain-derived norepinephrine and lower energy expenditure. FOXO3 knockout mice have impaired hearing which may be due to defects in synapse localization within the ear. Given the scope of FOXO activities in both the CNS and PNS, it will be of interest to study FOXOs within the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. From within the nervous system, FOXOs may also regulate important parameters such as whole-body metabolism, motor function, and catecholamine production, making FOXOs key players in physiologic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Santo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jihye Paik
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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143
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Ma J, Matkar S, He X, Hua X. FOXO family in regulating cancer and metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:32-41. [PMID: 29410116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
FOXO proteins are a sub-group of a superfamily of forkhead box (FOX)-containing transcription factors (TFs). FOXOs play an important role in regulating a plethora of biological activities ranging from development, cell signaling, and tumorigenesis to cell metabolism. Here we mainly focus on reviewing the role of FOXOs in regulating tumor and metabolism. Moreover, how crosstalk among various pathways influences the function of FOXOs will be reviewed. Further, the paradoxical role for FOXOs in controlling the fate of cancer and especially resistance/sensitivity of cancer to the class of drugs that target PI3K/AKT will also be reviewed. Finally, how FOXOs regulate crosstalk between common cancer pathways and cell metabolism pathways, and how these crosstalks affect the fate of the cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Smita Matkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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144
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Yadav RK, Chauhan AS, Zhuang L, Gan B. FoxO transcription factors in cancer metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:65-76. [PMID: 29309929 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FoxO transcription factors serve as the central regulator of cellular homeostasis and are tumor suppressors in human cancers. Recent studies have revealed that, besides their classic functions in promoting cell death and inducing cell cycle arrest, FoxOs also regulate cancer metabolism, an emerging hallmark of cancer. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms employed to control FoxO activities in the context of cancer biology, and discuss FoxO function in metabolism reprogramming in cancer and interaction with other key cancer metabolism pathways. A deeper understanding of FoxOs in cancer metabolism may reveal novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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145
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Bayen S, Saini S, Gaur P, Duraisamy AJ, Kumar Sharma A, Pal K, Vats P, Singh SB. PRMT1 promotes hyperglycemia in a FoxO1-dependent manner, affecting glucose metabolism, during hypobaric hypoxia exposure, in rat model. Endocrine 2018; 59:151-163. [PMID: 29128891 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-altitude (HA) environment causes changes in cellular metabolism among unacclimatized humans. Previous studies have revealed that insulin-dependent activation of protein kinase B (Akt) regulates metabolic processes via discrete transcriptional effectors. Moreover, protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)1-dependent arginine modification of forkhead box other (FoxO)1 protein interferes with Akt-dependent phosphorylation. The present study was undertaken to test the involvement of PRMT1 on FoxO1 activation during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure in rat model. METHODS Samples were obtained from normoxia control (NC) and HH-exposed (H) rats, subdivided according to the duration of HH exposure. To explore the specific role played by PRMT1 during HH exposure, samples from 1d pair-fed (PF) NC, 1d acute hypoxia-exposed (AH) placebo-treated, and 1d AH TC-E-5003-treated rats were investigated. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine expressions of glycolytic, gluconeogenic enzymes, and insulin response regulating genes. Immuno-blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for insulin response regulating proteins. Nuclear translocation of FoxO1 was analyzed using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding ELISA kit. RESULTS We observed HH-induced increase in glycolytic enzyme expressions in hepatic tissue unlike hypothalamic tissue. PRMT1 expression increased during HH exposure, causing insulin resistance and resulting increase in FoxO1 nuclear translocation, leading to hyperglycemia. Conversely, PRMT1 inhibitor treatment promoted inhibition of FoxO1 activity and increase in glucose uptake during HH exposure leading to reduction in blood-glucose and hepatic glycogen levels. CONCLUSIONS PRMT1 might have a potential importance as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HH-induced maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovon Bayen
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Supriya Saini
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Priya Gaur
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Arul Joseph Duraisamy
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Alpesh Kumar Sharma
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Karan Pal
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Praveen Vats
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Applied Physiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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146
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Guo J, Cheng J, North BJ, Wei W. Functional analyses of major cancer-related signaling pathways in Alzheimer's disease etiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:341-358. [PMID: 28694093 PMCID: PMC5675793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease and accounts for majority of human dementia. The hyper-phosphorylated tau-mediated intracellular neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid β-mediated extracellular senile plaque are characterized as major pathological lesions of AD. Different from the dysregulated growth control and ample genetic mutations associated with human cancers, AD displays damage and death of brain neurons in the absence of genomic alterations. Although various biological processes predominately governing tumorigenesis such as inflammation, metabolic alteration, oxidative stress and insulin resistance have been associated with AD genesis, the mechanistic connection of these biological processes and signaling pathways including mTOR, MAPK, SIRT, HIF, and the FOXO pathway controlling aging and the pathological lesions of AD are not well recapitulated. Hence, we performed a thorough review by summarizing the physiological roles of these key cancer-related signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis, comprising of the crosstalk of these pathways with neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque formation to impact AD phenotypes. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of anti-aging and AD relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we discuss the potential role that cancer-related signaling pathways may play in governing the pathogenesis of AD, as well as their potential as future targeted strategies to delay or prevent aging-related diseases and combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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147
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Ma M, Zhao X, Chen S, Zhao Y, yang L, Feng Y, Qin W, Li L, Jia C. Strategy Based on Deglycosylation, Multiprotease, and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography for Large-Scale Profiling of Protein Methylation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12909-12917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- School
of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yingyi Zhao
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lu yang
- Department
of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Beijing Hua LiShi Scientific Co. Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- School
of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School
of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chenxi Jia
- National
Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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148
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Hou T, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. Mechanisms controlling the anti-neoplastic functions of FoxO proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:101-114. [PMID: 29155239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that predominantly function as tumor suppressors. These proteins assume diverse roles in the cellular anti-neoplastic response, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, cancer metabolism, cell-cycle arrest, oxidative stress and the DNA damage response. More recently, FoxO proteins have been implicated in cancer immunity and cancer stem-cell (CSC) homeostasis. Interestingly, in some sporadic sub-populations, FoxO protein function may also be manipulated by factors such as β-catenin whereby they instead can facilitate cancer progression via maintenance of CSC properties or promoting drug resistance or metastasis and invasion. This review highlights the essential biological functions of FoxOs and explores the areas that may be exploited in FoxO protein signaling pathways in the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are central regulators of cellular homeostasis. FOXOs respond to a wide range of external stimuli, including growth factor signaling, oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, and nutrient deprivation. These signaling inputs regulate FOXOs through a number of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. Covalent modifications can affect localization, DNA binding, and interactions with other cofactors in the cell. FOXOs integrate the various modifications to regulate cell type-specific gene expression programs that are essential for metabolic homeostasis, redox balance, and the stress response. Together, these functions are critical for coordinating a response to environmental fluctuations in order to maintain cellular homeostasis during development and to support healthy aging.
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Wang C, Wang Q, Xu X, Xie B, Zhao Y, Li N, Cao X. The methyltransferase NSD3 promotes antiviral innate immunity via direct lysine methylation of IRF3. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3597-3610. [PMID: 29101251 PMCID: PMC5716042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wang et al. demonstrate that methyltransferase NSD3 directly methylates IRF3 and maintains IRF3 phosphorylation to enhance its transcriptional activity by disassociating the methylated IRF3 and PP1cc to prevent IRF3 dephosphorylation, consequently promoting antiviral innate immune response. Lysine methylation is an important posttranslational modification, implicated in various biological pathological conditions. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is essential for antiviral innate immunity, yet the mechanism for methylation control of IRF3 activation remains unclear. In this paper, we discovered monomethylation of IRF3 at K366 is critical for IRF3 transcription activity in antiviral innate immunity. By mass spectrometry analysis of IRF3-associated proteins, we identified nuclear receptor–binding SET domain 3 (NSD3) as the lysine methyltransferase that directly binds to the IRF3 C-terminal region through its PWWP1 domain and methylates IRF3 at K366 via its SET domain. Deficiency of NSD3 impairs the antiviral innate immune response in vivo. Mechanistically, NSD3 enhances the transcription activity of IRF3 dependent on K366 monomethylation, which maintains IRF3 phosphorylation by promoting IRF3 dissociation of protein phosphatase PP1cc and consequently promotes type I interferon production. Our study reveals a critical role of NSD3-mediated IRF3 methylation in enhancing antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinlan Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China .,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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