101
|
Koch A, Schwab A. Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13105. [PMID: 29802798 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma incidence is on the rise and currently causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Yet, therapies for metastatic melanoma are still insufficient so that new concepts are essential. Malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma progression are intimately linked to the cutaneous pH landscape and its dysregulation in tumour lesions. The pH landscape of normal skin is characterized by a large pH gradient of up to 3 pH units between surface and dermis. The Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 is one of the major contributors of acidity in superficial skin layers. It is also activated by the most frequent mutation in melanoma, BRAFV 600E , thereby causing pH dysregulation during melanoma initiation. Melanoma progression is supported by an extracellular acidification and/or NHE1 activity which promote the escape of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour, migration and metastatic spreading. We propose that viewing melanoma against the background of the acid-base physiology of the skin provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and allows the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Koch
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - A. Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Chao SC, Wu GJ, Huang SF, Dai NT, Huang HK, Chou MF, Tsai YT, Lee SP, Loh SH. Functional and molecular mechanism of intracellular pH regulation in human inducible pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:196-211. [PMID: 30613313 PMCID: PMC6306555 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a functional and molecular model of the intracellular pH (pHi) regulatory mechanism in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
METHODS hiPSCs (HPS0077) were kindly provided by Dr. Dai from the Tri-Service General Hospital (IRB No. B-106-09). Changes in the pHi were detected either by microspectrofluorimetry or by a multimode reader with a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, BCECF, and the fluorescent ratio was calibrated by the high K+/nigericin method. NH4Cl and Na-acetate prepulse techniques were used to induce rapid intracellular acidosis and alkalization, respectively. The buffering power (β) was calculated from the ΔpHi induced by perfusing different concentrations of (NH4)2SO4. Western blot techniques and immunocytochemistry staining were used to detect the protein expression of pHi regulators and pluripotency markers.
RESULTS In this study, our results indicated that (1) the steady-state pHi value was found to be 7.5 ± 0.01 (n = 20) and 7.68 ± 0.01 (n =20) in HEPES and 5% CO2/HCO3--buffered systems, respectively, which were much greater than that in normal adult cells (7.2); (2) in a CO2/HCO3--buffered system, the values of total intracellular buffering power (β) can be described by the following equation: βtot = 107.79 (pHi)2 - 1522.2 (pHi) + 5396.9 (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.85), in the estimated pHi range of 7.1-8.0; (3) the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC) were found to be functionally activated for acid extrusion for pHi values less than 7.5 and 7.68, respectively; (4) V-ATPase and some other unknown Na+-independent acid extruder(s) could only be functionally detected for pHi values less than 7.1; (5) the Cl-/ OH- exchanger (CHE) and the Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger (AE) were found to be responsible for the weakening of intracellular proton loading; (6) besides the CHE and the AE, a Cl--independent acid loading mechanism was functionally identified; and (7) in hiPSCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between the loss of pluripotency and the weakening of the intracellular acid extrusion mechanism, which included a decrease in the steady-state pHi value and diminished the functional activity and protein expression of the NHE and the NBC.
CONCLUSION For the first time, we established a functional and molecular model of a pHi regulatory mechanism and demonstrated its strong positive correlation with hiPSC pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chou
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Tracking acetate through a journey of living world: Evolution as alternative cellular fuel with potential for application in cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2018; 215:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
104
|
Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Metabolism and Epigenetic Interplay in Cancer: Regulation and Putative Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30356832 PMCID: PMC6190739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism affect molecular rewiring of cancer cells facilitating cancer development and progression. Modulation of histone and DNA modification enzymes occurs owing to metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenes and expression of metabolism-associated genes is, in turn, epigenetically regulated, promoting the well-known metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and, consequently, altering the metabolome. Thus, several malignant traits are supported by the interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics, promoting neoplastic transformation. In this review we emphasize the importance of tumour metabolites in the activity of most chromatin-modifying enzymes and implication in neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, candidate targets deriving from metabolism of cancer cells and altered epigenetic factors is emphasized, focusing on compounds that counteract the epigenomic-metabolic interplay in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Yu X, Ma R, Wu Y, Zhai Y, Li S. Reciprocal Regulation of Metabolic Reprogramming and Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:394. [PMID: 30283496 PMCID: PMC6156463 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet their demands for survival and proliferation. The metabolic plasticity of tumor cells help them adjust to changes in the availability and utilization of nutrients in the microenvironment. Recent studies revealed that many metabolites and metabolic enzymes have non-metabolic functions contributing to tumorigenesis. One major function is regulating epigenetic modifications to facilitate appropriate responses to environmental cues. Accumulating evidence showed that epigenetic modifications could in turn alter metabolism in tumors. Although a comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal connection between metabolic and epigenetic rewiring in cancer is lacking, some conceptual advances have been made. Understanding the link between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in cancer cells will shed lights on the development of more effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Sangalli JR, Sampaio RV, Del Collado M, da Silveira JC, De Bem THC, Perecin F, Smith LC, Meirelles FV. Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13766. [PMID: 30214009 PMCID: PMC6137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid decline in fertility that has been occurring to high-producing dairy cows in the past 50 years seems to be associated with metabolic disturbances such as ketosis, supporting the need for research to improve our understanding of the relations among the diet, metabolism and embryonic development. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Herein, we performed a series of experiments aiming to investigate the epigenetic effects of BOHB on histone acetylation in somatic cells, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Treatment with BOHB does not increase histone acetylation in cells but stimulates genes associated with ketolysis and master regulators of metabolism. We further demonstrated that maturing COCs with high levels of BOHB does not affect their maturation rate or histone acetylation but increases the expression of PPARA in cumulus cells. Treatment of somatic cell nuclear transfer zygotes with BOHB causes hyperacetylation, which is maintained until the blastocyst stage, causing enhanced FOXO3A expression and blastocyst production. Our data shed light on the epigenetic mechanisms caused by BOHB in bovine cells and embryos and provide a better understanding of the connection between nutrition and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, postcode: H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ye C, Tu BP. Sink into the Epigenome: Histones as Repositories That Influence Cellular Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:626-637. [PMID: 30001904 PMCID: PMC6109460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications on chromatin are most commonly thought to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Due to their dependency on small-molecule metabolites, these modifications can relay information about cellular metabolic state to the genome for the activation or repression of particular sets of genes. In this review we discuss emerging evidence that these modifications might also have a metabolic purpose. Due to their abundance, the histones have the capacity to store substantial amounts of useful metabolites or to enable important metabolic transformations. Such metabolic functions for histones could help to explain the widespread occurrence of particular modifications that may not always be strongly correlated with transcriptional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunqi Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Osanai T, Tanaka M, Izumiyama K, Mikami K, Kitajima M, Tomisawa T, Magota K, Tomita H, Okumura K. Intracellular protons accelerate aging and switch on aging hallmarks in mice. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9825-9837. [PMID: 30129099 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic acidosis is associated with the impairment of bone metabolism and an increased risk of a number of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The serum bicarbonate level is an independent predictor of chronic kidney disease progression. We investigated whether proton accelerates aging by analyzing both coupling factor 6-overexpressing transgenic (TG) and high salt-fed mice which display sustained intracellular acidosis, due to enhanced proton import through ecto-F1 Fo complex and/or reduced proton export through Na+ -K+ ATPase inhibition. Both types of mice displayed shortened lifespan and early senescence-associated phenotypes such as signs of hair greying and alopecia, weight loss, and/or reduced organ mass. In chronic intracellular acidosis mice, autophagy was impaired by regression of Atg7, an increase in nuclear acetylated LC3 II, and acetylation of Atg7. The increase in histone 3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and H4K20me3 and the decrease in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 were observed in the heart and kidney obtained from both TG and high salt-fed mice. The decrease in lamin A/C, emerin, and heterochromatin protein 1α without changes in barrier-to-autointegration factor and high-mobility group box 1 was confirmed in TG and high salt-fed mice. Suppression of nuclear histone deacetylase 3-emerin system is attributable to epigenetic regression of Atg7 and H4K5 acetylation. These findings will shed light on novel aging and impaired autophagy mechanism, and provide implications in a target for antiaging therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osanai
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Hypertension and Stroke Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kei Izumiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Mikami
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Magota
- Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories Group 1, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Okumura
- Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Flinck M, Kramer SH, Pedersen SF. Roles of pH in control of cell proliferation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13068. [PMID: 29575508 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular pH (pHi ) is a prerequisite for normal cell function, and changes in pHi or pericellular pH (pHe ) exert important signalling functions. It is well established that proliferation of mammalian cells is dependent on a permissive pHi in the slightly alkaline range (7.0-7.2). It is also clear that mitogen signalling in nominal absence of HCO3- is associated with an intracellular alkalinization (~0.3 pH unit above steady-state pHi ), which is secondary to activation of Na+ /H+ exchange. However, it remains controversial whether this increase in pHi is part of the mitogenic signal cascade leading to cell cycle entry and progression, and whether it is relevant under physiological conditions. Furthermore, essentially all studies of pHi in mammalian cell proliferation have focused on the mitogen-induced G0-G1 transition, and the regulation and roles of pHi during the cell cycle remain poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss the possible roles of pHi and pHe in cell cycle progression. While the focus is on the mammalian cell cycle, important insights from studies in lower eukaryotes are also discussed. We summarize current evidence of links between cell cycle progression and pHi and discuss possible pHi - and pHe sensors and signalling pathways relevant to mammalian proliferation control. The possibility that changes in pHi during cell cycle progression may be an integral part of the checkpoint control machinery is explored. Finally, we discuss the relevance of links between pH and proliferation in the context of the perturbed pH homoeostasis and acidic microenvironment of solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Flinck
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. H. Kramer
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. F. Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Osanai T, Tanaka M, Mikami K, Kitajima M, Magota K, Tomita H, Okumura K. Mitochondrial inhibitory factor protein 1 attenuates coupling factor 6-induced aging signal. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6194-6203. [PMID: 29575130 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coupling factor 6 (CF6) forces a counter-clockwise rotation of plasma membrane F1 Fo complex, resulting in proton import and accelerated aging. Inhibitory factor peptide 1 (IF1) suppresses a unidirectional counter-clockwise rotation of F1 Fo complex without affecting ATP synthesis. We tested the hypothesis that IF1 may attenuate CF6-induced aging signaling in CF6-overexpressing transgenic (TG) cells. In IF1-GFP overexpressing wild type (WT) cells, the diffuse peripheral staining of tubular mitochondria was observed with a dense widely distributed network around the nucleus. In TG cells, however, the only peri-nuclear network of fragmented mitochondria was observed at 24 h, but it was developed to a widely distributed mitochondrial network of tubular mitochondria at 72 h. TG cells displayed aging hallmarks of telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, defective proteostasis, and genomic instability with a decrease in emerin and lamin and loss of heterochromatin. IF1 induction rescued TG cells from telomere attrition, expression of genomic instability with the increase in emerin and lamin, and that of epigenetic alterations with recovery of heterochromatin. In defective proteostasis, IF1 induction restored a potent peri-nuclear staining of autolysosomes compared with the baseline weak staining. The decrease in Atg7 was restored, whereas the increase in P62 was abolished. We conclude that genetic disruption of proton signals by IF1 induction suppressed CF6-induced expression of aging hallmarks such as telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, defective proteostasis, and genomic instability. Given the widespread biological actions of CF6, the physiological and pathological actions of IF1 may be complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osanai
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Hypertension and Stroke Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Mikami
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Nursing Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Magota
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Biologics Technology Research Laboratories Group1, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, 2716-1, Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Walton ZE, Patel CH, Brooks RC, Yu Y, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Riddle M, Porcu A, Jiang T, Ecker BL, Tameire F, Koumenis C, Weeraratna AT, Welsh DK, Gillies R, Alwine JC, Zhang L, Powell JD, Dang CV. Acid Suspends the Circadian Clock in Hypoxia through Inhibition of mTOR. Cell 2018; 174:72-87.e32. [PMID: 29861175 PMCID: PMC6398937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that hypoxia influences the circadian clock through the transcriptional activities of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) at clock genes. Unexpectedly, we uncover a profound disruption of the circadian clock and diurnal transcriptome when hypoxic cells are permitted to acidify to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. Buffering against acidification or inhibiting lactic acid production fully rescues circadian oscillation. Acidification of several human and murine cell lines, as well as primary murine T cells, suppresses mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, a key regulator of translation in response to metabolic status. We find that acid drives peripheral redistribution of normally perinuclear lysosomes away from perinuclear RHEB, thereby inhibiting the activity of lysosome-bound mTOR. Restoring mTORC1 signaling and the translation it governs rescues clock oscillation. Our findings thus reveal a model in which acid produced during the cellular metabolic response to hypoxia suppresses the circadian clock through diminished translation of clock constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra E Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chirag H Patel
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rebekah C Brooks
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Physiology and Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Malini Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | - Brett L Ecker
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feven Tameire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman University School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman University School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - David K Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology and Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James C Alwine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
de Freitas Filho SAJ, Servato JPS, de Sá RT, Siqueira CS, de Faria PR, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV. Evaluation of specific modified histones in lip carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:876-880. [PMID: 29699903 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histones regulate chromatin density and therefore influence gene expression and cellular proliferation. These properties are modified by methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation of histones. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of specific modified histones in actinic cheilitis (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (SCCL). METHODS Samples of non-neoplastic tissue of the lip (NNTL, n = 9), AC (n = 33), and SCCL (n = 27) were submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect the modified histones H3K36me3, H3K9ac, H4K12ac, and H3S10 ph. RESULTS Reactivity for all of the modified histones was significantly decreased from NNTL to AC, but not from AC to SCCL. Dysplasia in AC or histological grade in SCCL were not related to the reactivity of any modified histones. CONCLUSIONS Histone modifications are related to initial actinic damage, but not to malignant transformation in the lip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Silva Servato
- Laboratory of Biopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tavares de Sá
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Rogério de Faria
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mota Loyola
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Lee JV, Berry CT, Kim K, Sen P, Kim T, Carrer A, Trefely S, Zhao S, Fernandez S, Barney LE, Schwartz AD, Peyton SR, Snyder NW, Berger SL, Freedman BD, Wellen KE. Acetyl-CoA promotes glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration through Ca 2+-NFAT signaling. Genes Dev 2018; 32:497-511. [PMID: 29674394 PMCID: PMC5959234 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311027.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lee et al. investigated the molecular mechanisms by which acetyl-CoA production impacts gene expression and how acetyl-CoA promotes malignant phenotypes. Their findings show that acetyl-CoA can enhance H3K27ac in a locus-specific manner and that expression of cell adhesion genes is driven by acetyl-CoA in part through activation of Ca2+–NFAT signaling. The metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is the required acetyl donor for lysine acetylation and thereby links metabolism, signaling, and epigenetics. Nutrient availability alters acetyl-CoA levels in cancer cells, correlating with changes in global histone acetylation and gene expression. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which acetyl-CoA production impacts gene expression and its functional roles in promoting malignant phenotypes are poorly understood. Here, using histone H3 Lys27 acetylation (H3K27ac) ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] coupled with next-generation sequencing) with normalization to an exogenous reference genome (ChIP-Rx), we found that changes in acetyl-CoA abundance trigger site-specific regulation of H3K27ac, correlating with gene expression as opposed to uniformly modulating this mark at all genes. Genes involved in integrin signaling and cell adhesion were identified as acetyl-CoA-responsive in glioblastoma cells, and we demonstrate that ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent acetyl-CoA production promotes cell migration and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, the transcription factor NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) was found to mediate acetyl-CoA-dependent gene regulation and cell adhesion. This occurs through modulation of Ca2+ signals, triggering NFAT1 nuclear translocation when acetyl-CoA is abundant. The findings of this study thus establish that acetyl-CoA impacts H3K27ac at specific loci, correlating with gene expression, and that expression of cell adhesion genes are driven by acetyl-CoA in part through activation of Ca2+–NFAT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karla Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Taehyong Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sully Fernandez
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lauren E Barney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alyssa D Schwartz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Schwartz L, Lafitte O, da Veiga Moreira J. Toward a Reasoned Classification of Diseases Using Physico-Chemical Based Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29541031 PMCID: PMC5835834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diseases and health conditions have been classified according to anatomical site, etiological, and clinical criteria. Physico-chemical mechanisms underlying the biology of diseases, such as the flow of energy through cells and tissues, have been often overlooked in classification systems. Objective: We propose a conceptual framework toward the development of an energy-oriented classification of diseases, based on the principles of physical chemistry. Methods: A review of literature on the physical chemistry of biological interactions in a number of diseases is traced from the point of view of the fluid and solid mechanics, electricity, and chemistry. Results: We found consistent evidence in literature of decreased and/or increased physical and chemical forces intertwined with biological processes of numerous diseases, which allowed the identification of mechanical, electric and chemical phenotypes of diseases. Discussion: Biological mechanisms of diseases need to be evaluated and integrated into more comprehensive theories that should account with principles of physics and chemistry. A hypothetical model is proposed relating the natural history of diseases to mechanical stress, electric field, and chemical equilibria (ATP) changes. The present perspective toward an innovative disease classification may improve drug-repurposing strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Lafitte
- LAGA, UMR 7539, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Identification of the YEATS domain of GAS41 as a pH-dependent reader of histone succinylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2365-2370. [PMID: 29463709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717664115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation is a newly discovered posttranslational modification with distinctive physical properties. However, to date rarely have studies reported effectors capable of interpreting this modification on histones. Following our previous study of SIRT5 as an eraser of succinyl-lysine (Ksuc), here we identified the GAS41 YEATS domain as a reader of Ksuc on histones. Biochemical studies showed that the GAS41 YEATS domain presents significant binding affinity toward H3K122suc upon a protonated histidine residue. Furthermore, cellular studies showed that GAS41 had prominent interaction with H3K122suc on histones and also demonstrated the coenrichment of GAS41 and H3K122suc on the p21 promoter. To investigate the binding mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of the YEATS domain of Yaf9, the GAS41 homolog, in complex with an H3K122suc peptide that demonstrated the presence of a salt bridge formed when a protonated histidine residue (His39) recognizes the carboxyl terminal of the succinyl group. We also solved the apo structure of GAS41 YEATS domain, in which the conserved His43 residue superimposes well with His39 in the Yaf9 structure. Our findings identified a reader of succinyl-lysine, and the binding mechanism will provide insight into the development of specific regulators targeting GAS41.
Collapse
|
117
|
Massonneau J, Ouellet C, Lucien F, Dubois CM, Tyler J, Boissonneault G. Suboptimal extracellular pH values alter DNA damage response to induced double-strand breaks. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:416-425. [PMID: 29511618 PMCID: PMC5832969 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions leading to unrepaired DNA double‐stranded breaks are potent inducers of genetic instability. Systemic conditions may lead to fluctuation of hydrogen ions in the cellular microenvironment, and we show that small variations in extracellular pH, termed suboptimal pHe, can decrease the efficiency of DNA repair in the absence of intracellular pH variation. Recovery from bleomycin‐induced DNA double‐stranded breaks in fibroblasts proceeded less efficiently at suboptimal pHe values ranging from 7.2 to 6.9, as shown by the persistence of repair foci, reduction of H4K16 acetylation, and chromosomal instability, while senescence or apoptosis remained undetected. By allowing escape from these protective mechanisms, suboptimal pHe may therefore enhance the genotoxicity of double‐stranded breaks, leading to genetic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massonneau
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Camille Ouellet
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Pediatry Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Claire M Dubois
- Department of Pediatry Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Jessica Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Guylain Boissonneault
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Université de Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Schwartz L, da Veiga Moreira J, Jolicoeur M. Physical forces modulate cell differentiation and proliferation processes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:738-745. [PMID: 29193856 PMCID: PMC5783863 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the predominant hypothesis explains cellular differentiation and behaviour as an essentially genetically driven intracellular process, suggesting a gene-centrism paradigm. However, although many living species genetic has now been described, there is still a large gap between the genetic information interpretation and cell behaviour prediction. Indeed, the physical mechanisms underlying the cell differentiation and proliferation, which are now known or suspected to guide such as the flow of energy through cells and tissues, have been often overlooked. We thus here propose a complementary conceptual framework towards the development of an energy-oriented classification of cell properties, that is, a mitochondria-centrism hypothesis based on physical forces-driven principles. A literature review on the physical-biological interactions in a number of various biological processes is analysed from the point of view of the fluid and solid mechanics, electricity and thermodynamics. There is consistent evidence that physical forces control cell proliferation and differentiation. We propose that physical forces interfere with the cell metabolism mostly at the level of the mitochondria, which in turn control gene expression. The present perspective points towards a paradigm shift complement in biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Jolicoeur
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Assenov Y, Brocks D, Gerhäuser C. Intratumor heterogeneity in epigenetic patterns. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:12-21. [PMID: 29366906 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to life on earth, tumor cells evolve through space and time and adapt to different micro-environmental conditions. As a result, tumors are composed of millions of genetically diversified cells at the time of diagnosis. Profiling these variants contributes to understanding tumors' clonal origins and might help to better understand response to therapy. However, even genetically homogenous cell populations show remarkable diversity in their response to different environmental stimuli, suggesting that genetic heterogeneity does not explain the full spectrum of tumor plasticity. Understanding epigenetic diversity across cancer cells provides important additional information about the functional state of subclones and therefore allows better understanding of tumor evolution and resistance to current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassen Assenov
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Brocks
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhäuser
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
O-GlcNAcylation: key regulator of glycolytic pathways. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:189-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
121
|
Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE. Spatiotemporal Control of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Chromatin Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:61-74. [PMID: 29174173 PMCID: PMC5741483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is sensitive to the availability of metabolites that serve as substrates of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone acetylation, and gene regulation have been documented, although how specificity in gene regulation is achieved by a metabolite has been challenging to answer. Recent studies suggest that acetyl-CoA metabolism is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally to elicit responses to nutrient availability and signaling cues. Here we discuss evidence that acetyl-CoA production is differentially regulated in the nucleus and cytosol of mammalian cells. Recent findings indicate that acetyl-CoA availability for site-specific histone acetylation is influenced through post-translational modification of acetyl-CoA-producing enzymes, as well as through dynamic regulation of the nuclear localization and chromatin recruitment of these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Isabella Viney
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Abstract
The field described as 'epigenetics' has captured the imagination of scientists and the lay public. Advances in our understanding of chromatin and gene regulatory mechanisms have had impact on drug development, fueling excitement in the lay public about the prospects of applying this knowledge to address health issues. However, when describing these scientific advances as 'epigenetic', we encounter the problem that this term means different things to different people, starting within the scientific community and amplified in the popular press. To help researchers understand some of the misconceptions in the field and to communicate the science accurately to each other and the lay audience, here we review the basis for many of the assumptions made about what are currently referred to as epigenetic processes.
Collapse
|
123
|
Kondo A, Yamamoto S, Nakaki R, Shimamura T, Hamakubo T, Sakai J, Kodama T, Yoshida T, Aburatani H, Osawa T. Extracellular Acidic pH Activates the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 to Promote Tumor Progression. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2228-2242. [PMID: 28249167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditions of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation, play critical roles in cancer progression. However, the role of acidic extracellular pH in cancer progression is not studied as extensively as that of hypoxia. Here, we show that extracellular acidic pH (pH 6.8) triggered activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by stimulating nuclear translocation and promoter binding to its targets, along with intracellular acidification. Interestingly, inhibition of SREBP2, but not SREBP1, suppressed the upregulation of low pH-induced cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), a direct SREBP2 target, provided a growth advantage to cancer cells under acidic pH. Furthermore, acidic pH-responsive SREBP2 target genes were associated with reduced overall survival of cancer patients. Thus, our findings show that SREBP2 is a key transcriptional regulator of metabolic genes and progression of cancer cells, partly in response to extracellular acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kondo
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; Innovative Technology Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 3-6-6 Asahimachi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yoshida
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 441-8731, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Zhao S, Torres A, Henry RA, Trefely S, Wallace M, Lee JV, Carrer A, Sengupta A, Campbell SL, Kuo YM, Frey AJ, Meurs N, Viola JM, Blair IA, Weljie AM, Metallo CM, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Wellen KE. ATP-Citrate Lyase Controls a Glucose-to-Acetate Metabolic Switch. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1037-1052. [PMID: 27760311 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of metabolic flexibility enable cells to survive under stressful conditions and can thwart therapeutic responses. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) plays central roles in energy production, lipid metabolism, and epigenomic modifications. Here, we show that, upon genetic deletion of Acly, the gene coding for ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), cells remain viable and proliferate, although at an impaired rate. In the absence of ACLY, cells upregulate ACSS2 and utilize exogenous acetate to provide acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and histone acetylation. A physiological level of acetate is sufficient for cell viability and abundant acetyl-CoA production, although histone acetylation levels remain low in ACLY-deficient cells unless supplemented with high levels of acetate. ACLY-deficient adipocytes accumulate lipid in vivo, exhibit increased acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production from acetate, and display some differences in fatty acid content and synthesis. Together, these data indicate that engagement of acetate metabolism is a crucial, although partial, mechanism of compensation for ACLY deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - AnnMarie Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alexander J Frey
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Tatapudy S, Aloisio F, Barber D, Nystul T. Cell fate decisions: emerging roles for metabolic signals and cell morphology. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2105-2118. [PMID: 29158350 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how cell fate decisions are regulated is a fundamental goal of developmental and stem cell biology. Most studies on the control of cell fate decisions address the contributions of changes in transcriptional programming, epigenetic modifications, and biochemical differentiation cues. However, recent studies have found that other aspects of cell biology also make important contributions to regulating cell fate decisions. These cues can have a permissive or instructive role and are integrated into the larger network of signaling, functioning both upstream and downstream of developmental signaling pathways. Here, we summarize recent insights into how cell fate decisions are influenced by four aspects of cell biology: metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular pH (pHi), and cell morphology. For each topic, we discuss how these cell biological cues interact with each other and with protein-based mechanisms for changing gene transcription. In addition, we highlight several questions that remain unanswered in these exciting and relatively new areas of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Tatapudy
- Departments of Anatomy and OB-GYN/RS, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Aloisio
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd Nystul
- Departments of Anatomy and OB-GYN/RS, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
Conditions of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia or nutrient starvation, play critical roles in cancer progression and malignancy. However, the role of acidic extracellular pH in tumor aggressiveness and its underlying mechanism has not been extensively studied compared to hypoxic or nutrient starvation conditions. In addition, a well-defined culture method to mimic the acidic extracellular tumor microenvironment has not been fully reported. Here we present a simple in vitro culture method to maintain acidic extracellular pH using reduced bicarbonate and increased lactate or HCl concentrations in the culture medium. The medium pH was sustained for at least 24 h and gradually decreased by 72 h following culture of PANC-1 and AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Three distinct acidic media conditions in this study highly upregulated pH-responsive genes such as MSMO1, INSIG1, and IDI1 compared to hypoxia or nutrient starvation. The upregulation of these genes can be used as a marker of acidic pH. These simple techniques are beneficial to elucidate underlying mechanisms of tumor malignancy under acidic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, our extracellular acidic pH culture system enables discovery of cellular acidic pH responses not only in cancer cells but also in primary cells, such as renal tubular cells, in relation to the other acidic disorders including, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal tubular acidosis, and respiratory acidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kondo
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo;
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Dodd BJT, Kralj JM. Live Cell Imaging Reveals pH Oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Metabolic Transitions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13922. [PMID: 29066766 PMCID: PMC5654966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of glucose to starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiates collective NADH dynamics termed glycolytic oscillations. Numerous questions remain about the extent to which single cells can oscillate, if oscillations occur in natural conditions, and potential physiological consequences of oscillations. In this paper, we report sustained glycolytic oscillations in single cells without the need for cyanide. Glucose addition to immobilized cells induced pH oscillations that could be imaged with fluorescent sensors. A population of cells had oscillations that were heterogeneous in frequency, start time, stop time, duration and amplitude. These changes in cytoplasmic pH were necessary and sufficient to drive changes in NADH. Oscillators had lower mitochondrial membrane potentials and budded more slowly than non-oscillators. We also uncovered a new type of oscillation during recovery from H2O2 challenge. Our data show that pH in S. cerevisiae changes over several time scales, and that imaging pH offers a new way to measure glycolytic oscillations on individual cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel M Kralj
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Novel detection of post-translational modifications in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells after chronic alcohol exposure: Role of inflammation regulator H4K12ac. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11236. [PMID: 28894190 PMCID: PMC5593989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports on epigenetic mechanisms involved in alcohol abuse have focus on hepatic and neuronal regions, leaving the immune system and specifically monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) understudied. Our lab has previously shown histone deacetylases are modulated in cells derived from alcohol users and after in vitro acute alcohol treatment of human MDDCs. In the current study, we developed a novel screening tool using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FT-ICR MS) and single cell imaging flow cytometry to detect post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human MDDCs due to chronic alcohol exposure. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, in vitro chronic alcohol exposure of MDDCs modulates H3 and H4 and induces a significant increase in acetylation at H4K12 (H4K12ac). Moreover, the Tip60/HAT inhibitor, NU9056, was able to block EtOH-induced H4K12ac, enhancing the effect of EtOH on IL-15, RANTES, TGF-β1, and TNF-α cytokines while restoring MCP-2 levels, suggesting that H4K12ac may be playing a major role during inflammation and may serve as an inflammation regulator or a cellular stress response mechanism under chronic alcohol conditions.
Collapse
|
129
|
Epigenetic Modifications and Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071506. [PMID: 28704968 PMCID: PMC5535996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Despite continuous efforts to identify molecular markers for early detection, and to develop efficient treatments, the overall survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients remain poor. Accumulated scientific evidences suggest that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs, are frequently involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. Epigenetic alterations occur in an unsystematic manner or as part of the aberrant transcriptional machinery, which promotes selective advantage to the tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications also contribute to cellular plasticity during tumor progression and to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. CSCs are involved in the development of intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance, and tumor recurrences or relapse. Therefore, the understanding and characterization of epigenetic modifications associated with head and neck carcinogenesis, and the prospective identification of epigenetic markers associated with CSCs, hold the promise for novel therapeutic strategies to fight tumors. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications observed in HNSCC and emerging Epi-drugs capable of sensitizing HNSCC to therapy.
Collapse
|
130
|
Kim JM, To TK, Matsui A, Tanoi K, Kobayashi NI, Matsuda F, Habu Y, Ogawa D, Sakamoto T, Matsunaga S, Bashir K, Rasheed S, Ando M, Takeda H, Kawaura K, Kusano M, Fukushima A, Endo TA, Kuromori T, Ishida J, Morosawa T, Tanaka M, Torii C, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Ogihara Y, Saito K, Shinozaki K, Devoto A, Seki M. Acetate-mediated novel survival strategy against drought in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17097. [PMID: 28650429 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit caused by global climate changes seriously endangers the survival of organisms and crop productivity, and increases environmental deterioration1,2. Plants' resistance to drought involves global reprogramming of transcription, cellular metabolism, hormone signalling and chromatin modification3-8. However, how these regulatory responses are coordinated via the various pathways, and the underlying mechanisms, are largely unknown. Herein, we report an essential drought-responsive network in which plants trigger a dynamic metabolic flux conversion from glycolysis into acetate synthesis to stimulate the jasmonate (JA) signalling pathway to confer drought tolerance. In Arabidopsis, the ON/OFF switching of this whole network is directly dependent on histone deacetylase HDA6. In addition, exogenous acetic acid promotes de novo JA synthesis and enrichment of histone H4 acetylation, which influences the priming of the JA signalling pathway for plant drought tolerance. This novel acetate function is evolutionarily conserved as a survival strategy against environmental changes in plants. Furthermore, the external application of acetic acid successfully enhanced the drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, rapeseed, maize, rice and wheat plants. Our findings highlight a radically new survival strategy that exploits an epigenetic switch of metabolic flux conversion and hormone signalling by which plants adapt to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myong Kim
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taiko Kim To
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Habu
- Plant Physiology Research Unit, Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Breeding Strategies Research Unit, Division of Basic Research, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sultana Rasheed
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Marina Ando
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takeda
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Kanako Kawaura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taeko Morosawa
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chieko Torii
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- Plant Productivity System Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity System Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ogihara
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Sciences, Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Abstract
In this review, van der Knapp and Verrijzer discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms connecting metabolism to gene expression and their implications for development and disease. To make the appropriate developmental decisions or maintain homeostasis, cells and organisms must coordinate the expression of their genome and metabolic state. However, the molecular mechanisms that relay environmental cues such as nutrient availability to the appropriate gene expression response remain poorly understood. There is a growing awareness that central components of intermediary metabolism are cofactors or cosubstrates of chromatin-modifying enzymes. As such, their concentrations constitute a potential regulatory interface between the metabolic and chromatin states. In addition, there is increasing evidence for a direct involvement of classic metabolic enzymes in gene expression control. These dual-function proteins may provide a direct link between metabolic programing and the control of gene expression. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms connecting metabolism to gene expression and their implications for development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A van der Knaap
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Peter Verrijzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Pedersen SF, Novak I, Alves F, Schwab A, Pardo LA. Alternating pH landscapes shape epithelial cancer initiation and progression: Focus on pancreatic cancer. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stine F. Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Krautkramer KA, Rey FE, Denu JM. Chemical signaling between gut microbiota and host chromatin: What is your gut really saying? J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8582-8593. [PMID: 28389558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.761577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals and their gut microbial communities share extensive and tightly coordinated co-metabolism of dietary substrates. A large number of microbial metabolites have been detected in host circulation and tissues and, in many cases, are linked to host metabolic, developmental, and immunological states. The presence of these metabolites in host tissues intersects with regulation of the host's epigenetic machinery. Although it is established that the host's epigenetic machinery is sensitive to levels of endogenous metabolites, the roles for microbial metabolites in epigenetic regulation are just beginning to be elucidated. This review focuses on eukaryotic chromatin regulation by endogenous and gut microbial metabolites and how these regulatory events may impact host developmental and metabolic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Krautkramer
- From the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Morgridge Institute for Research, and the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 and
| | - Federico E Rey
- the Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - John M Denu
- From the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Morgridge Institute for Research, and the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 and
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Ye C, Sutter BM, Wang Y, Kuang Z, Tu BP. A Metabolic Function for Phospholipid and Histone Methylation. Mol Cell 2017; 66:180-193.e8. [PMID: 28366644 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the methyl donor for biological methylation modifications that regulate protein and nucleic acid functions. Here, we show that methylation of a phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), is a major consumer of SAM. The induction of phospholipid biosynthetic genes is accompanied by induction of the enzyme that hydrolyzes S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a product and inhibitor of methyltransferases. Beyond its function for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the methylation of PE facilitates the turnover of SAM for the synthesis of cysteine and glutathione through transsulfuration. Strikingly, cells that lack PE methylation accumulate SAM, which leads to hypermethylation of histones and the major phosphatase PP2A, dependency on cysteine, and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Without PE methylation, particular sites on histones then become methyl sinks to enable the conversion of SAM to SAH. These findings reveal an unforeseen metabolic function for phospholipid and histone methylation intrinsic to the life of a cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunqi Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Benjamin M Sutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Attar N, Kurdistani SK. Exploitation of EP300 and CREBBP Lysine Acetyltransferases by Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026534. [PMID: 27881443 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP), two homologous lysine acetyltransferases in metazoans, have a myriad of cellular functions. They exert their influence mainly through their roles as transcriptional regulators but also via nontranscriptional effects inside and outside of the nucleus on processes such as DNA replication and metabolism. The versatility of p300/CBP as molecular tools has led to their exploitation by viral oncogenes for cellular transformation and by cancer cells to achieve and maintain an oncogenic phenotype. How cancer cells use p300/CBP in their favor varies depending on the cellular context and is evident by the growing list of loss- and gain-of-function genetic alterations in p300 and CBP in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here, we discuss the biological functions of p300/CBP and how disruption of these functions by mutations and alterations in expression or subcellular localization contributes to the cancer phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narsis Attar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Abstract
Activation of oncogenes or the deactivation of tumor suppressor genes has long been established as the fundamental mechanism leading towards carcinogenesis. Although this age old axiom is vastly accurate, thorough study over the last 15years has given us unprecedented information on the involvement of epigenetic in cancer. Various biochemical pathways that are essential towards tumorigenesis are regulated by the epigenetic phenomenons like remodeling of nucleosome by histone modifications, DNA methylation and miRNA mediated targeting of various genes. Moreover the presence of mutations in the genes controlling the epigenetic players has further strengthened the association of epigenetics in cancer. This merger has opened up newer avenues for targeted anti-cancer drug therapy with numerous pharmaceutical industries focusing on expanding their research and development pipeline with epigenetic drugs. The information provided here elaborates the elementary phenomena of the various epigenetic regulators and discusses their alteration associated with the development of cancer. We also highlight the recent developments in epigenetic drugs combining preclinical and clinical data to signify this evolving field in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Koltai T. Triple-edged therapy targeting intracellular alkalosis and extracellular acidosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:139-146. [PMID: 28122261 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular acidity and intracellular alkalinity are two of the characteristics hallmarks of malignant cells and their environment. This involves an inversion of the extracellular/intracellular pH gradient when compared with normal cells and it gives malignant cells proliferative and invasive advantages. Thus, the reversal of the pH gradient is a legitimate objective in the treatment of cancer and may be accomplished with drugs already used for other purposes and/or with specific new drugs that are currently being studied. The aim of this review is to describe a triple approach for reversing this gradient inversion using the concerted utilization of proton extrusion inhibitors, mitochondrial poisons and lysosomal poisons that should act synergistically through different mechanisms. The scheme presented here is compatible with almost all the chemotherapeutic protocols currently being used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Obra Social del Personal de la Industria de la Alimentación, Departamento de Oncología Estados Unidos 1532, Buenos Aires, C1101ABF, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Kim N, Minami N, Yamada M, Imai H. Immobilized pH in culture reveals an optimal condition for somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Med Biol 2016; 16:58-66. [PMID: 29259452 PMCID: PMC5715877 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim One of the parameters that greatly affects homeostasis in the body is the pH. Regarding reproductive biology, germ cells, such as oocytes or sperm, are exposed to severe changes in pH, resulting in dramatic changes in their characteristics. To date, the effect of the pH has not been investigated regarding the reprogramming of somatic cells and the maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Methods In order to investigate the effects of the pH on cell culture, the methods to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mesendoderm and neuroectoderm were performed at each medium pH from 6.6 to 7.8. Using the cells of the Oct4‐GFP (green fluorescent protein) carrying mouse, the effects of pH changes were examined on the timing and colony formation at cell reprogramming and on the cell morphology and direction of the differentiation of the ESCs. Results The colony formation rate and timing of the reprogramming of the somatic cells varied depending on the pH of the culture medium. In addition, mesendodermal differentiation of the mouse ESCs was enhanced at the high pH level of 7.8. Conclusion These results suggest that the pH in the culture medium is one of the key factors in the induction of the reprogramming of somatic cells and in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narae Kim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayasu Yamada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Shi Q, Maas L, Veith C, Van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Acidic cellular microenvironment modifies carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2425-2441. [PMID: 28005143 PMCID: PMC5429366 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation creates an acidic microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer development. To investigate how low pH changes the cellular response to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), we incubated human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and BEAS-2B) with nontoxic doses of B[a]P using culturing media of various pH’s (extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.8, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0 and 5.5) for 6, 24 and 48 h. In most incubations (pHe 7.0–6.5), the pH in the medium returned to the physiological pH 7.8 after 48 h, but at the lowest pH (pHe < 6.0), this recovery was incomplete. Similar changes were observed for the intracellular pH (pHi). We observed that acidic conditions delayed B[a]P metabolism and at t = 48 h, and the concentration of unmetabolized extracellular B[a]P and B[a]P-7,8-diol was significantly higher in acidic samples than under normal physiological conditions (pHe 7.8) for both cell lines. Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/CYP1B1) expression and its activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity) were repressed at low pHe after 6 and 24 h, but were significantly higher at t = 48 h. In addition, a DNA repair assay showed that the incision activity was ~80% inhibited for 6 h at low pHe and concomitant exposure to B[a]P. However, at t = 48 h, the incision activity recovered to more than 100% of the initial activity observed at neutral pHe. After 48 h, higher B[a]P-DNA adduct levels and γ-H2AX foci were observed at low pH samples than at pHe 7.8. In conclusion, acidic pH delayed the metabolism of B[a]P and inhibited DNA repair, ultimately leading to increased B[a]P-induced DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Maas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Ulmschneider B, Grillo-Hill BK, Benitez M, Azimova DR, Barber DL, Nystul TG. Increased intracellular pH is necessary for adult epithelial and embryonic stem cell differentiation. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:345-355. [PMID: 27821494 PMCID: PMC5100294 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of stem cell differentiation, less is known about the role of dynamic cytosolic cues. We report that an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) is necessary for the efficient differentiation of Drosophila adult follicle stem cells (FSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We show that pHi increases with differentiation from FSCs to prefollicle cells (pFCs) and follicle cells. Loss of the Drosophila Na+-H+ exchanger DNhe2 lowers pHi in differentiating cells, impairs pFC differentiation, disrupts germarium morphology, and decreases fecundity. In contrast, increasing pHi promotes excess pFC cell differentiation toward a polar/stalk cell fate through suppressing Hedgehog pathway activity. Increased pHi also occurs with mESC differentiation and, when prevented, attenuates spontaneous differentiation of naive cells, as determined by expression of microRNA clusters and stage-specific markers. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of pHi dynamics for the differentiation of two distinct types of stem cell lineages, which opens new directions for understanding conserved regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryne Ulmschneider
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Bree K Grillo-Hill
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192
| | - Marimar Benitez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Dinara R Azimova
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Todd G Nystul
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Abstract
Recent high-profile reports have reignited an interest in acetate metabolism in cancer. Acetyl-CoA synthetases that catalyse the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA have now been implicated in the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, breast cancer and prostate cancer. In this Review, we discuss how acetate functions as a nutritional source for tumours and as a regulator of cancer cell stress, and how preventing its (re)capture by cancer cells may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Johan Vande Voorde
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism both affect molecular rewiring in cancer cells and facilitate cancer development and progression. However, recent evidence suggests the existence of important bidirectional regulatory mechanisms between metabolic remodelling and the epigenome (specifically methylation and acetylation of histones) in cancer. Most chromatin-modifying enzymes require substrates or cofactors that are intermediates of cell metabolism. Such metabolites, and often the enzymes that produce them, can transfer into the nucleus, directly linking metabolism to nuclear transcription. We discuss how metabolic remodelling can contribute to tumour epigenetic alterations, thereby affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation and/or apoptosis, as well as therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Non-metabolic functions of glycolytic enzymes in tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 36:2629-2636. [PMID: 27797379 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet the requirement for survival and rapid growth. One hallmark of cancer metabolism is elevated aerobic glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. Emerging evidence showed that most glycolytic enzymes are deregulated in cancer cells and play important roles in tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that all essential glycolytic enzymes can be translocated into nucleus where they participate in tumor progression independent of their canonical metabolic roles. These noncanonical functions include anti-apoptosis, regulation of epigenetic modifications, modulation of transcription factors and co-factors, extracellular cytokine, protein kinase activity and mTORC1 signaling pathway, suggesting that these multifaceted glycolytic enzymes not only function in canonical metabolism but also directly link metabolism to epigenetic and transcription programs implicated in tumorigenesis. These findings underscore our understanding about how tumor cells adapt to nutrient and fuel availability in the environment and most importantly, provide insights into development of cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
144
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle atrophy during aging, a process known as sarcopenia, is associated with muscle weakness, frailty, and the loss of independence in older adults. The mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia are not totally understood, but muscle fiber loss due to apoptosis, reduced stimulation of anabolic pathways, activation of catabolic pathways, denervation, and altered metabolism have been observed in muscle from old rodents and humans. OBJECTIVE: Recently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in muscle atrophy and dysfunction due to denervation, muscular dystrophy, and disuse, and HDACs play key roles in regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will discuss the role of HDACs in muscle atrophy and the potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Several HDAC isoforms are potential targets for intervention in sarcopenia. Inhibition of HDAC1 prevents muscle atrophy due to nutrient deprivation. HDAC3 regulates metabolism in skeletal muscle and may inhibit oxidative metabolism during aging. HDAC4 and HDAC5 have been implicated in muscle atrophy due to denervation, a process implicated in sarcopenia. HDAC inhibitors are already in use in the clinic, and there is promise in targeting HDACs for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Walsh
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
The Redox Status of Cancer Cells Supports Mechanisms behind the Warburg Effect. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040033. [PMID: 27706102 PMCID: PMC5192439 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the energetic status of proliferating cells, we have measured the intracellular pH (pHi) and concentrations of key metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) in normal and cancer cells, extracted from fresh human colon tissues. Cells were sorted by elutriation and segregated in different phases of the cell cycle (G0/G1/S/G2/M) in order to study their redox (NAD, NADP) and bioenergetic (ATP, pHi) status. Our results show that the average ATP concentration over the cell cycle is higher and the pHi is globally more acidic in normal proliferating cells. The NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH redox ratios are, respectively, five times and ten times higher in cancer cells compared to the normal cell population. These energetic differences in normal and cancer cells may explain the well-described mechanisms behind the Warburg effect. Oscillations in ATP concentration, pHi, NAD+/NADH, and NADP+/NADPH ratios over one cell cycle are reported and the hypothesis addressed. We also investigated the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of human and mice normal and cancer cell lines. A drastic decrease of the MMP is reported in cancer cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. Altogether, these results strongly support the high throughput aerobic glycolysis, or Warburg effect, observed in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
146
|
Rewriting yeast central carbon metabolism for industrial isoprenoid production. Nature 2016; 537:694-697. [PMID: 27654918 DOI: 10.1038/nature19769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A bio-based economy has the potential to provide sustainable substitutes for petroleum-based products and new chemical building blocks for advanced materials. We previously engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for industrial production of the isoprenoid artemisinic acid for use in antimalarial treatments. Adapting these strains for biosynthesis of other isoprenoids such as β-farnesene (C15H24), a plant sesquiterpene with versatile industrial applications, is straightforward. However, S. cerevisiae uses a chemically inefficient pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, resulting in yield and productivity limitations incompatible with commodity-scale production. Here we use four non-native metabolic reactions to rewire central carbon metabolism in S. cerevisiae, enabling biosynthesis of cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA, the two-carbon isoprenoid precursor) with a reduced ATP requirement, reduced loss of carbon to CO2-emitting reactions, and improved pathway redox balance. We show that strains with rewired central metabolism can devote an identical quantity of sugar to farnesene production as control strains, yet produce 25% more farnesene with that sugar while requiring 75% less oxygen. These changes lower feedstock costs and dramatically increase productivity in industrial fermentations which are by necessity oxygen-constrained. Despite altering key regulatory nodes, engineered strains grow robustly under taxing industrial conditions, maintaining stable yield for two weeks in broth that reaches >15% farnesene by volume. This illustrates that rewiring yeast central metabolism is a viable strategy for cost-effective, large-scale production of acetyl-CoA-derived molecules.
Collapse
|
147
|
The reduced concentration of citrate in cancer cells: An indicator of cancer aggressiveness and a possible therapeutic target. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:47-53. [PMID: 27912843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cells reduce their oxidative metabolism and rely more on glycolysis, even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). This shift in metabolism reduces citrate biosynthesis and diminishes intracellular acidity, both of which promote glycolysis sustaining tumor growth. Because citrate is the donor of acetyl-CoA, its reduced production favors a deacetylation state of proteins favoring resistance to apoptosis and epigenetic changes, both processes contributing to tumor aggressiveness. Citrate levels could be monitored as an indicator of cancer aggressiveness (as already shown in human prostate cancer) and/or could serve as a biomarker for response to therapy. Strategies aiming to increase cytosolic citrate should be developed and tested in humans, knowing that experimental studies have shown that administration of citrate and/or inhibition of ACLY arrest tumor growth, inhibit the expression of the key anti-apoptotic factor Mcl-1, reverse cell dedifferentiation and increase sensibility to cisplatin.
Collapse
|
148
|
Metabolic interactions with cancer epigenetics. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 54:50-57. [PMID: 27620316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have epigenetic alterations that are known to drive cancer progression. The reversibility of the epigenetic posttranslational modifications on chromatin and DNA renders targeting these modifications an attractive means for cancer therapy. Cellular epigenetic status interacts with cell metabolism, and we are now beginning to understand the nature of how this interaction occurs and the biological contexts that mediate its function. Given the tremendous interest in understanding and targeting metabolic reprogramming in cancer, this nexus also provides opportunities for exploring the liabilities of cancers. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the interaction of cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhao L, Cui L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Zhu M, Jia J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhang D, Huang Y. Extracellular pH regulates autophagy via the AMPK-ULK1 pathway in rat cardiomyocytes. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3202-12. [PMID: 27531309 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological conditions contribute to pH fluctuations and affect the functions of vital organs such as the heart. In this study, we show that in rat cardiomyocytes, acidic extracellular pH (pHe) inhibits autophagy, whereas alkaline pHe stimulates it. We also find that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) are very sensitive to pHe changes. Furthermore, by interfering with AMPK, mTOR or ULK1 activity, we demonstrate that the AMPK-ULK1 pathway, but not the mTOR pathway, plays a crucial role on pHe-regulated autophagy and cardiomyocyte viability. These data provide a potential therapeutic strategy against cardiomyocyte injury triggered by pH fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Abstract
Nucleosomes function to tightly package DNA into chromosomes, but the nucleosomal landscape becomes disrupted during active processes such as replication, transcription, and repair. The realization that many proteins responsible for chromatin regulation are frequently mutated in cancer has drawn attention to chromatin dynamics; however, the basic mechanisms whereby nucleosomes are disrupted and reassembled is incompletely understood. Here, I present an overview of chromatin dynamics as has been elucidated in model organisms, in which our understanding is most advanced. A basic understanding of chromatin dynamics during normal developmental processes can provide the context for understanding how this machinery can go awry during oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Henikoff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| |
Collapse
|