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Povroznik JM, Ozga JE, Haar CV, Engler-Chiurazzi EB. Executive (dys)function after stroke: special considerations for behavioral pharmacology. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:638-653. [PMID: 30215622 PMCID: PMC6152929 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a worldwide leading cause of death and long-term disability with concurrent secondary consequences that are largely comprised of mood dysfunction, as well as sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits. This review focuses on the cognitive deficits associated with stroke specific to executive dysfunction (including decision making, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in humans, nonhuman primates, and additional animal models. Further, we review some of the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the individual components of executive dysfunction and their neuroanatomical substrates after stroke, with an emphasis on the changes that occur during biogenic monoamine neurotransmission. We concentrate primarily on changes in the catecholaminergic (dopaminergic and noradrenergic) and serotonergic systems at the levels of neurotransmitter synthesis, distribution, reuptake, and degradation. We also discuss potential secondary stroke-related behavioral deficits (specifically, poststroke depression as well as drug-abuse potential and addiction) and their relationship with stroke-induced deficits in executive function, an especially important consideration given that the average age of the human stroke population is decreasing. In the final sections, we address pharmacological considerations for the treatment of ischemia and the subsequent functional impairment, as well as current limitations in the field of stroke and executive function research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Povroznik
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Rodent Behavior Core, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny E. Ozga
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Rodent Behavior Core, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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102
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Ali MHM, Rakib F, Abdelalim EM, Limbeck A, Mall R, Ullah E, Mesaeli N, McNaughton D, Ahmed T, Al-Saad K. Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation -ICPMS New Vistas for Biochemical Analyses of Ischemic Stroke in Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:647. [PMID: 30283295 PMCID: PMC6157330 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Stroke is the main cause of adult disability in the world, leaving more than half of the patients dependent on daily assistance. Understanding the post-stroke biochemical and molecular changes are critical for patient survival and stroke management. The aim of this work was to investigate the photo-thrombotic ischemic stroke in male rats with particular focus on biochemical and elemental changes in the primary stroke lesion in the somatosensory cortex and surrounding areas, including the corpus callosum. Materials and Methods: FT-IR imaging spectroscopy and LA-ICPMS techniques examined stroke brain samples, which were compared with standard immunohistochemistry studies. Results: The FTIR results revealed that in the lesioned gray matter the relative distribution of lipid, lipid acyl and protein contents decreased significantly. Also at this locus, there was a significant increase in aggregated protein as detected by high-levels Aβ1-42. Areas close to the stroke focus experienced decrease in the lipid and lipid acyl contents associated with an increase in lipid ester, olefin, and methyl bio-contents with a novel finding of Aβ1-42 in the PL-GM and L-WM. Elemental analyses realized major changes in the different brain structures that may underscore functionality. Conclusion: In conclusion, FTIR bio-spectroscopy is a non-destructive, rapid, and a refined technique to characterize oxidative stress markers associated with lipid degradation and protein denaturation not characterized by routine approaches. This technique may expedite research into stroke and offer new approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. The results suggest that a good therapeutic strategy should include a mechanism that provides protective effect from brain swelling (edema) and neurotoxicity by scavenging the lipid peroxidation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasrin Mesaeli
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald McNaughton
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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103
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Fernandes LMP, Lopes KS, Santana LNS, Fontes-Júnior EA, Ribeiro CHMA, Silva MCF, de Oliveira Paraense RS, Crespo-López ME, Gomes ARQ, Lima RR, Monteiro MC, Maia CSF. Repeated Cycles of Binge-Like Ethanol Intake in Adolescent Female Rats Induce Motor Function Impairment and Oxidative Damage in Motor Cortex and Liver, but Not in Blood. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3467531. [PMID: 30327712 PMCID: PMC6169231 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3467531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Moderate ethanol consumption (MEC) is increasing among women. Alcohol exposure usually starts in adolescence and tends to continue until adulthood. We aimed to investigate MEC impacts during adolescence until young adulthood of female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats received distilled water or ethanol (3 g/kg/day), in a 3 days on-4 days off paradigm (binge drinking) for 1 and 4 consecutive weeks. We evaluate liver and brain oxidative damage, peripheral oxidative parameters by SOD, catalase, thiol contents, and MDA, and behavioral motor function by open-field, pole, beam-walking, and rotarod tests. Our results revealed that repeated episodes of binge drinking during adolescence displayed lipid peroxidation in the liver and brain. Surprisingly, such oxidative damage was not detectable on blood. Besides, harmful histological effects were observed in the liver, associated to steatosis and loss of parenchymal architecture. In addition, ethanol intake elicited motor incoordination, bradykinesia, and reduced spontaneous exploratory behavior in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Klaylton Sousa Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luana Nazaré Silva Santana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Teaching and Research, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Teaching and Research, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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104
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The Protective Effect of the Total Flavonoids of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Flowers on Transient Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Is due to Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8987173. [PMID: 30174782 PMCID: PMC6098902 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8987173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus L. has favorable nutritional/medicinal features. We found the content of total flavonoids in flower extract to be the highest (788.56 mg/g) of all the different parts of A. esculentus; according to high-performance liquid chromatography, the quercetin-3-O-[β-D-glu-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside content was 122.13 mg/g. Protective effects of an extract of the total flavonoids of A. esculentus flowers (AFF) on transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (TCI-RI) were investigated. Compared with the model group, mice treated with AFF (300 mg/kg) for 7 days showed significantly reduced neurologic deficits, infarct area, and histologic changes in brain tissue, accompanied by increased contents of superoxide dismutase, whereas contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde decreased. AFF upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. These data suggest that AFF protects against TCI-RI by scavenging free radicals and activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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105
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Godinho J, de Sa-Nakanishi AB, Moreira LS, de Oliveira RMW, Huzita CH, Mello JCP, da Silva AOF, Nakamura CV, Previdelli IS, Ribeiro MHDM, Milani H. Ethyl-acetate fraction of Trichilia catigua protects against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:109-118. [PMID: 29660468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Meliaceae) preparations have been used in folk medicine to alleviate fatigue, stress, and improve memory. Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and in vitro neuroprotective effects have been observed in animals. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to severe neuropsychological deficits that are largely associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration. We reported previously that an ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of T. catigua reduced brain ischemia-induced learning and memory impairments in the absence of histological protection. AIM OF THE STUDY Continuing those studies, here we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of T. catigua in an in vivo model of I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to 15 min of brain ischemia (4-VO model) followed by up to 15 days of reperfusion. Vehicle was given by gavage 30 min before ischemia and at 1 h of reperfusion. In a first experiment, brain ischemia-induced changes in oxidative stress markers, i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl groups (PCGs) were measured on days 1, 3, and 5 post-ischemia. Similar time course analysis was done for neuroinflammation markers, i.e., microglia (OX42 immunorreactivity) and astrocytes (GFAP immunorreactivity), in the hippocampus. In a second experiment, the time points at which these markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation peaked were used to test the effects of T. catigua (400 mg/kg, p.o.). RESULTS Oxidative stress markers peaked on day 1 post-ischemia. GSH decreased (-23.2%) while GSSG increased (+ 71.1%), which yielded a significant reduction in the GSH/GSSG ratio (-39.1%). The activity of CAT was largely reduced by ischemia (-54.6% to -65.1%), while the concentration of PCG almost doubled in the brain of ischemic rats (+99.10%) in comparison to sham. Treatment with the EAF of T. catigua normalized these changes in oxidative markers to the control levels (GSH: +27.5%; GSSG: -23.8%; GSH/GSSG: +44.6%; PCG: -80.3%). In the hippocampus, neuroinflammation markers peaked on day 5 post-ischemia, with microglial and astrocytic responses increasing to 54.8% and 37.1%, respectively. The elevation in glial cells response was completely prevented by EAF. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that T. catigua has both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats, which may contribute to the previously reported memory protective effect of T. catigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Godinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Hitomi Huzita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Carlos P Mello
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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106
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Negrin A, Taeymans ONJ, Spencer SE, Cherubini GB. Presumed Caudal Cerebellar Artery Infarction in Three Cats: Neurological Signs, MRI Findings, and Outcome. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:155. [PMID: 30027093 PMCID: PMC6041406 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a relatively common condition in dogs but infrequent in cats, with acute or peracute onset of non-progressive neurological signs. Cerebellar artery infarction appears to be very uncommon in cats, with only two cases reported affecting the rostral cerebellar artery (RCA). This study aims to report for the first time the neurological signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and outcome in three cats diagnosed with presumed caudal cerebellar artery (CCA) infarction. Unique presentation of vestibular signs associated with CCA in three cats and similarities between dogs and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah E Spencer
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
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107
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Vats K, Pravalika K, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Kumar A, Wang X, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke: Implications of Stem Cell Therapy. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y. [PMID: 29926383 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating condition which is also the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the benefits and promises shown by numerous neuroprotective agents in animal stroke models, their clinical translation has not been a complete success. Hence, search for treatment options have directed researchers towards utilising stem cells. Mitochondria has a major involvement in the pathophysiology of stroke and a number of other conditions. Stem cells have shown the ability to transfer mitochondria to the damaged cells and to help revive cell energetics in the recipient cell. The present review discusses how stem cells could be employed to protect neurons and mitochondria in stroke and also the various mechanisms involved in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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108
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Wang H, Ma S, Li J, Zhao M, Huo X, Sun J, Sun L, Hu J, Liu Q. ADAM17 participates in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9320-9329. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Shuhui Ma
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xueping Huo
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jingying Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Lijun Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Qinshe Liu
- Medical Experiment Center and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular DiseasesShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'anChina
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109
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Teixeira LV, Almeida RF, Rohden F, Martins LAM, Spritzer PM, de Souza DOG. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine Administration on In Vivo Cortical Focal Ischemia in Female and Male Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1476-1489. [PMID: 29855847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO) has neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain diseases involving glutamatergic excitotoxicity in male animals; however, its effects in female animals are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the influence of gender and GUO treatment in adult male and female Wistar rats submitted to focal permanent cerebral ischemia in the motor cortex brain. Female rats were subdivided into non-estrogenic and estrogenic phase groups by estrous cycle verification. Immediately after surgeries, the ischemic animals were treated with GUO or a saline solution. Open field and elevated plus maze tasks were conducted with ischemic and naïve animals. Cylinder task, immunohistochemistry and infarct volume analyses were conducted only with ischemic animals. Female GUO groups achieved a full recovery of the forelimb symmetry at 28-35 days after the insult, while male GUO groups only partially recovered at 42 days, in the final evaluation. The ischemic insult affected long-term memory habituation to novelty only in female groups. Anxiety-like behavior, astrocyte morphology and infarct volume were not affected. Regardless the estrous cycle, the ischemic injury affected differently female and male animals. Thus, this study points that GUO is a potential neuroprotective compound in experimental stroke and that more studies, considering the estrous cycle, with both genders are recommended in future investigation concerning brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Varaschini Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Farina Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Gomes de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Melatonin protects against blood-brain barrier damage by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway after LPS treatment in neonatal rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31638-31654. [PMID: 28404943 PMCID: PMC5458236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic and inflammatory (HII) induces the disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) which leads to inflammatory responses and neuronal cell death, resulting in brain secondary damage. Previous studies showed that melatonin produced potent neuroprotective effects in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic models. However, the relationship between BBB disruption and melatonin in HII was still unclear. The present study therefore investigated the beneficial effects of melatonin on BBB after HII and the underlying mechanisms. HII animal model was conducted by receiving lipopolysaccharide followed by 90 min hypoxia-ischaemia in postnatal day 2 Sprague–Dawley rat pups. Melatonin was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before lipopolysaccharide injection and then once a day for 1 week to evaluate the long-term effects. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin administration inhibited the disruption of BBB permeability and improved the white matter recovery in HII model rats. Melatonin significantly attenuated the degradation of junction proteins and the neuroprotective role was related to the inhibition of microglial toll-like receptor 4/ nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated that therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation might be suitable for the therapy of preserving BBB integrity after HII.
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111
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Lee RHC, Lee MHH, Wu CYC, Couto e Silva A, Possoit HE, Hsieh TH, Minagar A, Lin HW. Cerebral ischemia and neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:373-385. [PMID: 29623912 PMCID: PMC5900490 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although stroke (a form of cerebral ischemia)-related costs are expected to reach 240.67 billion dollars by 2030, options for treatment against cerebral ischemia/stroke are limited. All therapies except anti-thrombolytics (i.e., tissue plasminogen activator) and hypothermia have failed to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits, and mortality rates following cerebral ischemia, which suggests that development of novel therapies against stroke/cerebral ischemia are urgently needed. Here, we discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury, as well as current and future novel therapies (i.e., growth factors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C isozymes, pifithrin, hypothermia, fatty acids, sympathoplegic drugs, and stem cells) as it relates to cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie H. C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Michelle H. H. Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, China
| | - Celeste Y. C. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto e Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Harlee E. Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, China
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112
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Chen X, Zhou B, Yan T, Wu H, Feng J, Chen H, Gao C, Peng T, Yang D, Shen J. Peroxynitrite enhances self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through activating HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:158-167. [PMID: 29427793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic stimulation could mediate growth and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) into mature neurons but its underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Peroxynitrite formation is considered as a crucial pathological process contributing to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that peroxynitrite at low concentration could function as redox signaling to promote the growth of NSCs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Increased NSCs proliferation was accompanied by peroxynitrite production in the rat brains with 1 h of ischemia plus 7 days of reperfusion in vivo. Cell sorting experiments revealed that endogenous peroxynitrite level affected the capacity of proliferation and self-renewal in NSCs in vitro. Hypoxia stimulated peroxynitrite production and promoted NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation whereas treatments of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts (PDCs, FeTMPyP and FeTPPS) blocked the changes in NSCs self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Exogenous peroxynitrite treatment revealed similar effects to promote NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the neurogenesis-promoting effects of peroxynitrite were partly through activating HIF-1α correlated with enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, peroxynitrite could be a cellular redox signaling for promoting NSCs proliferation, self-renewal and neuronal differentiation and peroxynitrite production could contribute to neurogenesis in ischemic/hypoxic NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Tingting Yan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Jinghan Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
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Liu Y, Gao J, Peng M, Meng H, Ma H, Cai P, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Si G. A Review on Central Nervous System Effects of Gastrodin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:24. [PMID: 29456504 PMCID: PMC5801292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (also known as Tian ma), the dried rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume, is a famous Chinese herb that has been traditionally used for the treatment of headache, dizziness, spasm, epilepsy, stoke, amnesia and other disorders for centuries. Gastrodin, a phenolic glycoside, is the main bioactive constituent of Rhizoma Gastrodiae. Since identified in 1978, gastrodin has been extensively investigated on its pharmacological properties. In this article, we reviewed the central nervous system (CNS) effects of gastrodin in preclinical models of CNS disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, affective disorders, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cognitive impairment as well as the underlying mechanisms involved and, where possible, clinical data that support the pharmacological activities. The sources and pharmacokinetics of gastrodin were also reviewed here. As a result, gastrodin possesses a broad range of beneficial effects on the above-mentioned CNS diseases, and the mechanisms of actions include modulating neurotransmitters, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, suppressing microglial activation, regulating mitochondrial cascades, up-regulating neurotrophins, etc. However, more detailed clinical trials are still in need for positioning it in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pingping Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guomin Si
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Synergistic Association of Valproate and Resveratrol Reduces Brain Injury in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010172. [PMID: 29316653 PMCID: PMC5796121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation, together with altered acetylation of NF-κB/RelA, encompassing the K310 residue acetylation, occur during brain ischemia. By restoring the normal acetylation condition, we previously reported that sub-threshold doses of resveratrol and entinostat (MS-275), respectively, an activator of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-sirtuin 1 pathway and an inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), synergistically elicited neuroprotection in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. To improve the translational power of this approach, we investigated the efficacy of MS-275 replacement with valproate, the antiepileptic drug also reported to be a class I HDAC blocker. In cortical neurons previously exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), valproate elicited neuroprotection at 100 nmol/mL concentration when used alone and at 1 nmol/mL concentration when associated with resveratrol (3 nmol/mL). Resveratrol and valproate restored the acetylation of histone H3 (K9/18), and they reduced the RelA(K310) acetylation and the Bim level in neurons exposed to OGD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the synergistic drug association impaired the RelA binding to the Bim promoter, as well as the promoter-specific H3 (K9/18) acetylation. In mice subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the association of resveratrol 680 µg/kg and valproate 200 µg/kg significantly reduced the infarct volume as well as the neurological deficits. The present study suggests that valproate and resveratrol may represent a promising ready-to-use strategy to treat post-ischemic brain damage.
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115
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Li Y, Wang S, Xin Y, Zheng M, Xu F, Xi X, Cao H, Cui X, Guo H, Han C. Maca Cosmetics: A Review on Constituents, Therapeutics and Advantages. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:789-800. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yizhou Xin
- The Afliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fangxue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Sun JB, Li Y, Cai YF, Huang Y, Liu S, Yeung PK, Deng MZ, Sun GS, Zilundu PL, Hu QS, An RX, Zhou LH, Wang LX, Cheng X. Scutellarin protects oxygen/glucose-deprived astrocytes and reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1396-1407. [PMID: 30106052 PMCID: PMC6108207 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin, a bioactive flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has anti-inflammatory, anti-neurotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects and has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, the mechanisms by which scutellarin mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia remain unclear. The interaction between scutellarin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) was assessed by molecular docking study, which showed that scutellarin selectively binds to NOX2 with high affinity. Cultures of primary astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 2, 10 or 50 μM scutellarin for 30 minutes. The astrocytes were then subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation by incubation for 2 hours in glucose-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in a 95% N2/5% CO2 incubator, followed by simulated reperfusion for 22 hours. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay. Expression levels of NOX2, connexin 43 and caspase-3 were assessed by western blot assay. Reactive oxygen species were measured spectrophotometrically. Pretreatment with 10 or 50 μM scutellarin substantially increased viability, reduced the expression of NOX2 and caspase-3, increased the expression of connexin 43, and diminished the levels of reactive oxygen species in astrocytes subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. We also assessed the effects of scutellarin in vivo in the rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg scutellarin 2 hours before surgery. The Bederson scale was used to assess neurological deficit, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure infarct size. Western blot assay was used to assess expression of NOX2 and connexin 43 in brain tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosin (3-NT) in brain tissue. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to determine the co-expression of caspase-3 and NeuN. Pretreatment with scutellarin improved the neurological function of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, reduced infarct size, diminished the expression of NOX2, reduced levels of 8-OHdG, 4-HNE and 3-NT, and reduced the number of cells co-expressing caspase-3 and NeuN in the injured brain tissue. Furthermore, we examined the effect of the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin. Apocynin substantially increased connexin 43 expression in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings suggest that scutellarin protects against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo by downregulating NOX2, upregulating connexin 43, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Patrick Kk Yeung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Min-Zhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Shun Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Prince Lm Zilundu
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian-Sheng Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui-Xin An
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Chiu HF, Fu HY, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1041-1046. [PMID: 28183232 PMCID: PMC6130508 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1288750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss: Fr) Karst. (Polyporaceae) is an oriental medicinal fungus, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various condition or diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hepatitis and cancer. OBJECTIVE The current study examines whether triterpenoids and polysaccharide-enriched G. lucidum (GL) influence antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy by suppressing oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two healthy subjects (22 male and 20 female) were recruited and segregated into two groups as experimental or placebo and requested to intake GL (n = 21) or placebo (n = 21) capsule (225 mg; after lunch or dinner) for six consecutive months and vice versa with one month washout period in between. The anthropometric analysis and biochemical assays, as well as abdominal ultrasonic examination were performed. RESULTS Consumption of GL substantially improved (p < 0.05) the total antioxidant capacity (TEAC; 79.33-84.04), total thiols and glutathione content (6-8.05) in plasma as well as significant (p < 0.05) enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Whereas, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; 3.37-2.47), 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG; 15.99-11.98) and hepatic marker enzymes (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; GOT and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; GPT) were concomitantly reduced (42 and 27%) on treatment with GL. Furthermore, the abdominal ultrasonic examination in GL subjects displayed a notable alteration on hepatic condition by reversing from mild fatty liver condition (initial) to normal condition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The outcome of the present intervention demonstrated the antioxidation, anti-aging and hepatoprotective nature of GL by effectively curbing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yu Fu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wijaya J, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD. Obstacles to Brain Tumor Therapy: Key ABC Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2544. [PMID: 29186899 PMCID: PMC5751147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of cancer chemotherapy to treat brain tumors remains a challenge, in part, because of the inherent biological barrier, the blood-brain barrier. While its presence and role as a protector of the normal brain parenchyma has been acknowledged for decades, it is only recently that the important transporter components, expressed in the tightly knit capillary endothelial cells, have been deciphered. These transporters are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and, so far, the major clinically important ones that functionally contribute to the blood-brain barrier are ABCG2 and ABCB1. A further limitation to cancer therapy of brain tumors or brain metastases is the blood-tumor barrier, where tumors erect a barrier of transporters that further impede drug entry. The expression and regulation of these two transporters at these barriers, as well as tumor derived alteration in expression and/or mutation, are likely obstacles to effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwina Wijaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8526438. [PMID: 29317985 PMCID: PMC5727797 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8526438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Good nutrition could maintain health and life. Polyphenols are common nutrient mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, mushrooms, beverages, and traditional medicinal herbs. They are potential substances against oxidative-related diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, specifically, atherosclerosis-related ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are health and economic problems recognized worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette smoking as well as the antioxidative activity of polyphenols, which could prevent the pathology of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory process by monocytes, macrophages or T lymphocytes, and platelet aggregation. The strong radical-scavenging properties of polyphenols would exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects. Polyphenols reduce ROS production by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting OxLDL formation, suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration, reducing platelet aggregation, and improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Polyphenol consumption also inhibits the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Despite the numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, more advanced clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of polyphenols in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases.
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120
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Li Y, Xu L, Zeng K, Xu Z, Suo D, Peng L, Ren T, Sun Z, Yang W, Jin X, Yang L. Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide, a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist, protects against ischemia-induced brain damage in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:289-301. [PMID: 28736035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide (N15), an analogue of oleoylethanolamide (OEA), is a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist. Our previous studies verified the positive effects of OEA on the acute and delayed stages of cerebral ischemia. However, it is not clear whether N15 is effective against ischemic cerebral injury. In the present study, male Kunming mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To evaluate its preventive effects, N15 (50, 100 or 200mg/kg, ip) was administered for 3days before ischemia. To evaluate its therapeutic effects, N15 (200mg/kg, ip) was administered 1h before reperfusion or 0, 1, 2 or 4h after reperfusion. Neurological deficit scores, infarct volume and the degree of brain oedema were determined at 24h after reperfusion. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated by Evans blue (EB) and FITC-dextran leakages at 6h after reperfusion. The activation/inflammatory responses of microglia/macrophages were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot. N15 pretreatment improved neurological dysfunction, reduced infarct volume and alleviated brain oedema in a dose-dependent manner; the most effective dose was 200mg/kg. The therapeutic time window was within 2h after reperfusion. N15 treatment preserved the BBB integrity and suppressed the activation of microglia/macrophages. N15 inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression not only in MCAO mice but also in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Additionally, N15 markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of NF-κBp65, STAT3, and ERK1/2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the PPARα antagonist MK886 or PPARγ antagonist T0070907 respectively partly abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of N15 in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that N15 can exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic insult. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of N15 on cerebral ischemia may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties, at least in part, by enhancing PPARα/γ dual signaling and inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB, STAT3, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that N15 may be a potential therapeutic choice for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Lanxi Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaiyue Zeng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Daqin Suo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiheng Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wushuang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Lichao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Fan LF, He PY, Peng YC, Du QH, Ma YJ, Jin JX, Xu HZ, Li JR, Wang ZJ, Cao SL, Li T, Yan F, Gu C, Wang L, Chen G. Mdivi-1 ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via the suppression of inflammation-related blood-brain barrier disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress-based apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:336-349. [PMID: 28790012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant modulation of mitochondrial dynamic network, which shifts the balance of fusion and fission towards fission, is involved in brain damage of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. A recent research has shown that the inhibition of mitochondrial fission alleviates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of the inhibition of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1, a dominator of mitochondrial fission) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal apoptosis following SAH and the potential mechanisms. The endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The results indicated Mdivi-1(a selective Drp1 inhibitor) reversed the morphologic changes of mitochondria and Drp1 translocation, reduced ROS levels, ameliorated the BBB disruption and brain edema remarkably, decreased the expression of MMP-9 and prevented degradation of tight junction proteins-occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1. Mdivi-1 administration also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), leading to decreased expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß. Moreover, Mdivi-1 treatment attenuated neuronal cell death and improved neurological outcome. To investigate the underlying mechanisms further, we determined that Mdivi-1 reduced p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression as well as increased Bcl-2 expression. Rotenone (a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes I) abolished both the anti-BBB disruption and anti-apoptosis effects of Mdivi-1. In conclusion, these data implied that excessive mitochondrial fission might inhibit mitochondrial complex I to become a cause of oxidative stress in SAH, and the inhibition of Drp1 by Mdivi-1 attenuated early brain injury after SAH probably via the suppression of inflammation-related blood-brain barrier disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress-based apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-You He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Du
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Hang-Zhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Long Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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André-Lévigne D, Modarressi A, Pepper MS, Pittet-Cuénod B. Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102149. [PMID: 29036938 PMCID: PMC5666831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of oxygen in cell physiology has evolved from its long-recognized importance as an essential factor in oxidative metabolism to its recognition as an important player in cell signaling. With regard to the latter, oxygen is needed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which regulate a number of different cellular functions including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and contraction. Data specifically concerning the role of ROS-dependent signaling in cutaneous wound repair are very limited, especially regarding wound contraction. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature on the role of molecular and reactive oxygen in the physiology of wound repair as well as in the pathophysiology and therapy of chronic wounds, especially under ischemic and hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik André-Lévigne
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Human Genetics and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Gol M, Ghorbanian D, Soltanpour N, Faraji J, Pourghasem M. Protective effect of raisin (currant) against spatial memory impairment and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease model. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:110-118. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1354959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Gol
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, (CMBRC) Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Davoud Ghorbanian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, (CMBRC) Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nabiollah Soltanpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, (CMBRC) Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Jamshid Faraji
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Pourghasem
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, (CMBRC) Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Ng GJ, Quek AM, Cheung C, Arumugam TV, Seet RC. Stroke biomarkers in clinical practice: A critical appraisal. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chen M, Xu A, He W, Ma W, Shen S. Ultrasound triggered drug delivery for mitochondria targeted sonodynamic therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mangas A, Yajeya J, González N, Ruiz I, Pernìa M, Geffard M, Coveñas R. Gemst: a taylor-made combination that reverts neuroanatomical changes in stroke. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2790. [PMID: 28735520 PMCID: PMC5452634 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In a single transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke and using immunohistochemical techniques, the effects of a new therapeutic approach named Gemst (a member of the Poly-L-Lysine innovative therapies) have been studied in the rat brain. The expression of inflammatory (CD45, CD11b), oxidative (NO-tryptophan, NO2-tyrosine) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase pathway (kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid) markers has been evaluated in early and late phases of stroke. For this purpose, we have developed eight highly specific monoclonal antibodies directed against some of these markers. In the early phase (3 and 5 days of the stroke, we observed no effect of Gemst treatment (7.5 mg/day, subcutaneously for 3, 5 days). In the late phase (21 days) of stroke and exclusively in the ipsilateral side of non-treated animals an overexpression of kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid, CD45, CD11b, GFAP and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) was found. In treated animals, the overexpression of the four former markers was completely abolished whereas the overexpression of the two latter ones was decreased down to normal levels. Gemst reversed the pathological conditions of stroke to normal situations. Gemst exerts a multifunctional action: down-regulates the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase pathway and abolishes brain infiltration, microglial activation and gliosis. Moreover, Gemst has no effect on the expression of doublecortin, a protein involved in neuronal migration. Gemst could be a new drug for the treatment of stroke since it reverses the pathological findings of stroke and normalizes brain tissue conditions following the ischemic insult.
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Inhibition of DPP-4 Activity and Neuronal Atrophy with Genistein Attenuates Neurological Deficits Induced by Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Inflammation 2017; 40:623-635. [PMID: 28091829 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, has been known for its potential pharmacological properties especially for neuroprotection and treating diabetes. The present study aims to determine the neuroprotective efficacy of genistein against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and explore the underlying mechanisms. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were subjected to transient cerebral ischemia by occluding both common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion to induce neuronal injury. Effect of genistein (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, i.p., o.d.) treatment on ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal injury in diabetic mice was evaluated in terms of cerebral infarct size, oxidative damage, mitochondrial activity in terms of neuronal apoptosis and cellular viability, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity and active glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration, and neurological functions measured as short-term memory and motor performance. Genistein administration following transient cerebral ischemia significantly (p ˂ 0.0001) counteracted cognitive impairment and re-established (p ˂ 0.001) motor performance in diabetic mice. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the infarct size, genistein administration prevented the increase in cerebral infarct size (p ˂ 0.0001) and significantly suppressed (p ˂ 0.001) the increase in cerebral oxidative stress in transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion subjected diabetic mice. Genistein treatment significantly (p ˂ 0.001) reduced neuronal apoptosis and increased cellular viability (p ˂ 0.0001), almost completely suppressed (p ˂ 0.0001) the circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, and enhanced (p ˂ 0.0001) glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration in diabetic mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This study suggests that genistein has potent neuroprotective activity against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal injury and consequent neurological deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
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128
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Zeng WC, Sun Q, Zhang WH, Liao XP, Shi B. Antioxidant activity in vivo and biological safety evaluation of a novel antioxidant peptide from bovine hair hydrolysates. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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129
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Ramos E, Navarro E, Parada E, Sánchez-López N, Peláez-Aguado L, Cabrera-García JD, Tello D, Buendia I, Marina A, Egea J, López MG, Bogdanova A, Martínez-Ruiz A. Mitochondrial complex I deactivation is related to superoxide production in acute hypoxia. Redox Biol 2017; 12:1040-1051. [PMID: 28511347 PMCID: PMC5430576 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria use oxygen as the final acceptor of the respiratory chain, but its incomplete reduction can also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide. Acute hypoxia produces a superoxide burst in different cell types, but the triggering mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we show that complex I is involved in this superoxide burst under acute hypoxia in endothelial cells. We have also studied the possible mechanisms by which complex I could be involved in this burst, discarding reverse electron transport in complex I and the implication of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). We show that complex I transition from the active to ‘deactive’ form is enhanced by acute hypoxia in endothelial cells and brain tissue, and we suggest that it can trigger ROS production through its Na+/H+ antiporter activity. These results highlight the role of complex I as a key actor in redox signalling in acute hypoxia. Complex I is involved in the superoxide burst produced by cells in acute hypoxia. Complex I is deactivated in acute hypoxia. Deactive complex I is involved in superoxide production in acute hypoxia, probably through its Na+/H+ antiporter activity. Complex I deactivation occurs in brain tissue hypoxia ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Navarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Parada
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-López
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa (CBSMO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peláez-Aguado
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa (CBSMO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Daniel Cabrera-García
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tello
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), E-28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa (CBSMO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28006 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
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Abstract
The human brain requires uninterrupted delivery of blood-borne oxygen and nutrients to sustain its function. Focal ischemia, particularly, ischemic stroke, and global ischemia imposed by cardiac arrest disrupt the brain's fuel supply. The resultant ATP depletion initiates a complex injury cascade encompassing intracellular Ca2+ overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxido-nitrosative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammation, culminating in neuronal and astroglial necrosis and apoptosis, neurocognitive deficits, and even death. Unfortunately, brain ischemia has proven refractory to pharmacological intervention. Many promising treatments afforded brain protection in animal models of focal and global ischemia, but failed to improve survival and neurocognitive recovery of stroke and cardiac arrest patients in randomized clinical trials. The culprits are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits transferral of medications to the brain parenchyma, and the sheer complexity of the injury cascade, which presents a daunting array of targets unlikely to respond to monotherapies. Erythropoietin is a powerful neuroprotectant capable of interrupting multiple aspects of the brain injury cascade. Preclinical research demonstrates erythropoietin's ability to suppress glutamate excitotoxicity and intracellular Ca2+ overload, dampen oxidative stress and inflammation, interrupt the apoptotic cascade, and preserve BBB integrity. However, the erythropoietin dosages required to traverse the BBB and achieve therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain parenchyma impose untoward side effects. Recent discoveries that hypoxia induces erythropoietin production within the brain and that neurons, astroglia, and cerebrovascular endothelium harbor membrane erythropoietin receptors, raise the exciting prospect of harnessing endogenous erythropoietin to protect the brain from the ravages of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
| | - Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States; Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Vasconcelos-Moreno MP, Fries GR, Gubert C, dos Santos BTMQ, Fijtman A, Sartori J, Ferrari P, Grun LK, Parisi MM, Guma FTCR, Barbé-Tuana FM, Kapczinski F, Rosa AR, Yatham LN, Kauer-Sant’Anna M. Telomere Length, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and BDNF Levels in Siblings of Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Accelerated Cellular Aging. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:445-454. [PMID: 28339618 PMCID: PMC5458375 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the existence of neurobiological trait abnormalities in individuals at genetic risk for bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to examine potential differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cytokines, oxidative stress, and telomere length markers between patients with bipolar disorder, their siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-six patients with bipolar disorder type I, 39 siblings, and 44 healthy controls were assessed. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-C motif chemokine 11, C-C motif chemokine 24, and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured, as were the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. Telomere length (T/S ratio) was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Telomere length was different between the 3 groups (P = .041) with both patients and siblings showing a shorter T/S ratio compared with healthy controls. Patients showed increased levels of interleukin-6 (P = .005) and interleukin-10 (P = .002) compared with controls as well as increased levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.014) and CCL24 (P = .016) compared with their siblings. C-C motif chemokine 11 levels were increased in siblings compared with controls (P = .015), and a similar tendency was found in patients compared with controls (P = .045). Glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased in patients compared with controls (P = .006) and siblings (P = .025). No differences were found for the other markers. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that unaffected siblings may present accelerated aging features. These neurobiological findings may be considered as endophenotypic traits. Further prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Bárbara Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Juliana Sartori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Pamela Ferrari
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Florencia Maria Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Rosa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Marcia Kauer-Sant’Anna
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
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Wang Y, Hafeez A, Meng F, Zhang R, Wang X, Chen X, Kong Q, Du H, Ma X. The correlation of D-dimer levels with patient outcomes in acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease complicating coronary heart disease. Neurol Res 2017; 38:524-32. [PMID: 27320247 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1187829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between nerve function defect, their degree of recovery, and D-dimer levels in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease (AICVD) complicating coronary heart disease (CHD) in winter. METHODS From 1 October, 2014 to 31 December, 2014, we enrolled patients in a consecutive manner with AICVD who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were selected that had an occurrence of AICVD within the last 14 days. A total of 151 cases were divided into CHD group (n = 77) or non-CHD group (n = 74) based on a diagnosis of CHD. The risk factors, hematological indices associated with the diseases, and the nerve function defect and recovery degrees were compared between the two groups. Moreover, according to the result of the preliminary analysis of the CHD and non-CHD groups, patients were further divided into two subgroups based on whether their D-dimer levels were higher than 0.5 mg/l or not. Finally, the nerve function defect and recovery degrees in each subgroups were compared in pairs. RESULTS Among the patients consecutively enrolled, the percentage of the patients with CHD was 50.99% (77/151) and non-CHD patients was 49.01%. On admission, there was no significant difference in NIHSS scores between the CHD and non-CHD groups. However, there was a significant difference between the CHD and non-CHD groups when comparing the NIHSS scores on 14th day and the mRs scores on 90 (±7)th day after the initial onset (p = 0.006, 0.005). The D-dimer levels of AICVD complicating CHD patients were higher than those not complicating CHD patients (p = 0.006). Those AICVD patients that complicating CHD with also elevated D-dimer levels had most severe neurologic function deficits on 14th day and worst neural function recoveries on 90 (±7)th day after onset (p = 0.001, <0.001). CONCLUSIONS AICVD patients complicating CHD is very common in clinical practice. The AICVD patients that complicating CHD showed worse outcomes within 90 days after initial onset of stroke. The D-dimer levels of patients with AICVD complicating CHD were higher. Patients in the CHD group, whose D-dimer levels were higher than the normal standard, had worst outcomes. Paying close attention to the stage of the coronary artery disease and indicators of the coagulation-fibrinolysis is beneficial in the optimization of the clinical treatment for AICVD patients. Maybe the results of this study could provide some reference for specific groups of stroke patients to accept anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,c Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Adam Hafeez
- b Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Fanhua Meng
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Kong
- c Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Huishan Du
- a Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Ma
- c Department of Neurology , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Bai Y, Du S, Li F, Huang F, Deng R, Zhou J, Chen D. Histone deacetylase-high mobility group box-1 pathway targeted by hypaconitine suppresses the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:527-535. [PMID: 28056545 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypaconitine is an active component of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, a Chinese medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism underlying its effect remains elusive. In this study, we found that hypaconitine, rather than aconitum alkaloids in A. carmichaelii (e.g. aconitine, mesaconitine and benzoylaconitine), prevented endothelial cells from damage due to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) challenge. Cleaved caspase 3 expression in endothelial cells was up-regulated by oxLDL and markedly attenuated by hypaconitine, suggesting that hypaconitine inhibited the oxLDL-induced cell apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was significantly increased by hypaconitine. The cytoplasmic relocation and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1, an HDAC3 downstream effector) in endothelial cells were significantly increased by oxLDL and markedly decreased by hypaconitine. The effect of hypaconitine on the oxLDL-induced apoptosis and HMGB1 release in endothelial cells was significantly reduced by the suppression of HDAC3 by siRNA or a specific inhibitor. Thus, this study proves that the histone deacetylase-HMGB1 pathway targeted by hypaconitine suppresses the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Our findings are of therapeutic significance and provide the potential of hypaconitine exploitation. Impact statement First, our study shows the antiapoptosis effect of Aconitum carmichaelii and its active component hypaconitine on endothelial cells. It may provide new strategies for the treatment of diseases involving endothelium damage. Second, this finding indicates the function of hypaconitine in regulating HDAC3-HMGB1 pathway, which suggests a new anti-inflammatory therapy. Third, due to its poisonousness, A. carmichaelii is always used with caution in clinics. Thus, the identification of hypaconitine as an active component of A. carmichaelii could contribute to the development of toxicity-decreasing procedure for A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bai
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shaohui Du
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Fei Li
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Rudong Deng
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Darabi S, Mohammadi MT. Fullerol potentiates the brain antioxidant defense system and decreases γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) mRNA during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFullerol compounds have potent antioxidant effects on biological systems. Therefore, we examined whether fullerol pretreatment potentiates the brain antioxidant defense system and decreases
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135
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Darabi S, Mohammadi MT, Sobhani ZS. Fullerenol Nanoparticles Decrease Brain Infarction Through Potentiation of Superoxide Dismutase Activity During Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/rijm41736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zitta K, Peeters-Scholte C, Sommer L, Parczany K, Steinfath M, Albrecht M. Insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of 2-iminobiotin employing an in-vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic cell injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:63-69. [PMID: 27780726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several animal models have been used to simulate cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and suggested neuroprotective effects of the biotin analogue 2-iminobiotin (2-IB). The aims of this study were to employ a human in-vitro hypoxia model to confirm protective effects of 2-IB on neuronal cells, determine the optimal neuroprotective concentrations of 2-IB and scrutinize underlying cellular effects of 2-IB. Neuronal IMR-32 cells were exposed to hypoxia employing an enzymatic hypoxia system and were thereafter incubated with various concentrations of 2-IB (10 to 300ng/ml). Cell damage, metabolic activity and generation of reactive oxygen species were quantified using colorimetric/fluorometric lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tetrazolium-based (MTS) and reactive oxygen species assays. Proteome profiling arrays were performed to evaluate the regulation of cell stress protein expression by hypoxia and 2-IB. Seven hours of hypoxia led to morphological changes in IMR-32 cultures, increased neuronal cell damage (P<0.001), reduction of metabolic activity (P<0.01) and enhanced reactive oxygen species production (P<0.05). Post-hypoxic application of 2-IB (30ng/ml) attenuated hypoxia-induced LDH release (P<0.05) and increased metabolic activity of IMR-32 cells (P<0.05), while reactive oxygen species production was only by trend decreased. Array-based protein expression profiling revealed that 2-IB attenuated the expression of several hypoxia-induced cell stress-associated proteins by more than 25% (pp38α, HIF2α, ADAMTS1, pHSP27, PON2, PON3 and p27). Hypoxia-induced neuronal cell damage can be simulated using the described in-vitro model. 2-IB inhibits hypoxia-mediated neurotoxicity most efficiently at 30ng/ml and the underlying mechanisms involve a downregulation of stress-associated protein expression. Our results suggest 2-IB as a potential drug for the treatment of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Lena Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Parczany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Sotomayor-Sobrino MA, Ochoa-Aguilar A, Méndez-Cuesta LA, Gómez-Acevedo C. Neuroimmunological interactions in stroke. Neurologia 2016; 34:326-335. [PMID: 27776957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world; its incidence is increasing due to increased life expectancy. However, treatment options for these patients are limited since no clinically effective drugs have been developed to date. DEVELOPMENT According to clinical evidence, a number of neurochemical changes take place after stroke, including energy depletion, increased free radical synthesis, calcium accumulation, neurotransmitter imbalance, excitotoxicity, and, at a later stage, immune system activation leading to inflammation. Immune response has been shown to be a major factor in disease progression. The release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF increase brain damage secondary to excitotoxicity and calcium accumulation, and promote free radical synthesis and cell death through various mechanisms. On the other hand, certain anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-4, have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect and even promote neurogenesis and synapse remodeling, which makes immune modulation a promising treatment approach. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the relationship between the immune system and the nervous system not only deepens our knowledge of stroke but also provides new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies that may increase the quality of life of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sotomayor-Sobrino
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Ochoa-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L A Méndez-Cuesta
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C Gómez-Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Erol-Demirbilek M, Kilic N, Komurcu HF. Investigation of Epidermal Growth Factor, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Thioredoxin System in Rats Exposed to Cerebral Ischemia. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have neuroprotective/neurotoxic effects in cerebral ischemia. We aimed to investigate the TrxR activity, EGF and TNF-α levels in cerebral ischemic, sham-operated and non-ischemic rat brains.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups. Rats in control group were not subjected to any of treatments and their brains were removed under anesthesia. Middle cerebral arters were exposed but not occluded for the sham-operated rats. Animals were subjected to permanent middle cerebral arter occlusion (MCAO) in MCAO-operated group. The rats were decapitated at 16 hours (h), 48 h and 96 h after sham operation and focal cerebral ischemia. TrxR activities, EGF and TNF-α levels were measured in ischemic and non-ischemic hemispheres for all groups.
Results: In group MCAO, TrxR activities were significantly low at 48 h in ischemic hemisphere in comparison to control. After the 48 h, a remarkable increase was observed at 96 h. EGF and TNF-α levels were substantially high at 96 h in group MCAO of ischemic brain.
Conclusion: TrxR activity was reduced by oxidative stress which was formed by ischemia. EGF levels increased to exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. After ischemia, TNF-α levels increased as a response to the tissue damage. Further studies with a higher number of experimental subjects and shorter or longer periods such as from first 30 minutes up to 3 months may be more informative to show the time-dependent variations in TrxR, EGF and TNF-α in cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Erol-Demirbilek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey Turkey
- Biotechnology Research Center, The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Field Crops Research Institute, Istanbul Yolu 5.km, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nedret Kilic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ferhan Komurcu
- Department of Neurology, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
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139
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Zhang R, Xu M, Wang Y, Xie F, Zhang G, Qin X. Nrf2—a Promising Therapeutic Target for Defensing Against Oxidative Stress in Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6006-6017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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140
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Yang K, Xu J, Ren L, Li W, Liu W. Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis after Ischemia: Role of Enolase-Phosphatase 1 Activation and Aci-Reductone Dioxygenase 1 Translocation. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:79. [PMID: 27630541 PMCID: PMC5005407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase-phosphatase 1 (ENOPH1), a newly discovered enzyme of the methionine salvage pathway, is emerging as an important molecule regulating stress responses. In this study, we investigated the role of ENOPH1 in blood brain barrier (BBB) injury under ischemic conditions. Focal cerebral ischemia induced ENOPH1 mRNA and protein expression in ischemic hemispheric microvessels in rats. Exposure of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEND3 cells) to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) also induced ENOPH1 upregulation, which was accompanied by increased cell death and apoptosis reflected by increased 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide formation, lactate dehydrogenase release and TUNEL staining. Knockdown of ENOPH1 expression with siRNA or overexpressing ENOPH1 with CRISPR-activated plasmids attenuated or potentiated OGD-induced endothelial cell death, respectively. Moreover, ENOPH1 knockdown or overexpression resulted in a significant reduction or augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis-associated proteins (caspase-3, PARP, Bcl-2 and Bax) and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins (Ire-1, Calnexin, GRP78 and PERK) in OGD-treated endothelial cells. OGD upregulated the expression of ENOPH1’s downstream protein aci-reductone dioxygenase 1 (ADI1) and enhanced its interaction with ENOPH1. Interestingly, knockdown of ENOPH1 had no effect on OGD-induced ADI1 upregulation, while it potentiated OGD-induced ADI1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Lastly, knockdown of ENOPH1 significantly reduced OGD-induced endothelial monolayer permeability increase. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ENOPH1 activation may contribute to OGD-induced endothelial cell death and BBB disruption through promoting ROS generation and the activation of apoptosis associated proteins, thus representing a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Ke Yang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Ji Xu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
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141
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Yang G, Qian C, Wang N, Lin C, Wang Y, Wang G, Piao X. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Injury via Rho/Rho-kinase Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:619-633. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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142
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Xian JW, Choi AYT, Lau CBS, Leung WN, Ng CF, Chan CW. Gastrodia and Uncaria (tianma gouteng) water extract exerts antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects against cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Chin Med 2016; 11:27. [PMID: 27252774 PMCID: PMC4888490 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia and Uncaria decoction (tianma gouteng yin) is commonly used in Chinese medicine to treat cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a water extract (GUW) of Gastrodia elata (tianma; GE) and Uncaria rhynchophylla (gouteng; UR) against ischemic insult using oxygen-glucose-deprived neuronal differentiated PC12 cells and rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS GUW was prepared by boiling raw GE and UR in water, followed by the lyophilization of the resulting extract. Neuronal differentiated PC12 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation with or without GUW. The neuroprotective effects of GUW were compared with those of the corresponding GE and UR extracts to tease apart the effects of the different herbs. The synergistic effect of GE and UR in GUW was measured using a modified version of Burgi's formulae. The neuroprotective mechanisms via Nrf2 and anti-apoptotic pathways were investigated using real time PCR and enzyme activity assays. The neuroprotective effects of GUW were studied in vivo using a rat MCAO model. Neurofunctional outcome and brain infarct volume we assessed. H&E staining, cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the histological outcome. RESULTS The results of lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that GUW protected cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of GUW were greater than those of GE + UR (P = 0.018). Burgi's formula showed that the herbs in GUW acted synergistically to protect cells from ischemic injury. GUW significantly upregulated Bcl-2 expression (P = 0.0130) and reduced caspase-3 activity by 60 % (P < 0.001). GUW upregulated Nrf-2 expression (P = 0.0066) and the antioxidant response element pathway genes. The infarct volume was reduced by 55 % at day 7 of reperfusion (P < 0.001), and significant improvements were observed in the neurological deficit score and beam-walking test at 7 days (P < 0.001). H&E and cresyl violet staining revealed higher tissue integrity in the GUW treatment group compared with MCAO rats. CONCLUSION GUW modulated the antioxidant system and antiapoptotic genes in oxygen-glucose deprived neuronal differentiated PC12 cells and MCAO sprague-dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Angus Yiu-Ting Choi
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing Nang Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wai Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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143
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Gu SX, Blokhin IO, Wilson KM, Dhanesha N, Doddapattar P, Grumbach IM, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86460. [PMID: 27294204 PMCID: PMC4902298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury can exacerbate tissue damage in ischemic stroke, but little is known about the mechanisms linking ROS to stroke severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that protein methionine oxidation potentiates NF-κB activation and contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an antioxidant enzyme that reverses protein methionine oxidation, attenuated ROS-augmented NF-κB activation in endothelial cells, in part, by protecting against the oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In a murine model, MsrA deficiency resulted in increased NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration, larger infarct volumes, and more severe neurological impairment after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This phenotype was prevented by inhibition of NF-κB or CaMKII. MsrA-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced leukocyte rolling and upregulation of E-selectin, an endothelial NF-κB-dependent adhesion molecule known to contribute to neurovascular inflammation in ischemic stroke. Finally, bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by MsrA expressed in nonhematopoietic cells. These findings suggest that protein methionine oxidation in nonmyeloid cells is a key mechanism of postischemic oxidative injury mediated by NF-κB activation, leading to neutrophil recruitment and neurovascular inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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144
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Sulfiredoxin-1 protects against simulated ischaemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte by inhibiting PI3K/AKT-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160076. [PMID: 26992405 PMCID: PMC4847177 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study confirmed that Srx-1 overexpression could protect cardiomyocyte from SI/R-induced injury by suppressing PI3K/AKT-regulated mitochondria dependent apoptosis. Therefore, the present study will support a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered cardiac cell injury is recognized as the major contributor for the pathogenesis progression of ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Sulfiredoxin-1 (Srx-1) is an endogenous antioxidant and exerts the crucial neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischaemia. However, its function and the underlying mechanism in ischaemic heart diseases remain poorly defined. Here, a dramatical decrease in Srx-1 was validated in H9c2 cardiomyocytes upon simulated ischaemia–reperfusion (SI/R) injury. Moreover, Srx-1 protected H9c2 cells from SI/R-injured injury as the evidences that Srx-1 up-regulation attenuated the inhibitory effects on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell apoptosis upon SI/R treatment. Knockdown of Srx-1 accelerated cell injury upon SI/R. Mechanism assay corroborated that SI/R treatment noticeably aggravated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), which was remarkably abated in Ad-Srx-1 groups. Importantly, Srx-1 elevation substantially reduced cytochrome c release, the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, accompany with the subsequent decrease in the cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Concomitantly, overexpression of Srx-1 also decreased the expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Further analysis substantiated that Srx-1 treatment remarkably induced the activation of PI3K/AKT signalling. Preconditioning with LY294002 dramatically decreased Srx-1-enhanced cell resistance to SI/R injury. Importantly, LY294002 mitigated the inhibitory effects of Srx-1 on Δψm loss, cytochrome c release, caspase-9/3 activity, and the expression of Bcl-2 family. Together, these results suggested that Srx-1 might protect cardiomyocyte injury upon SI/R by suppressing PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondria dependent apoptosis, revealing a promising therapeutic agent against ischaemic cardiovascular diseases.
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145
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Association between total antioxidant capacity and mortality in ischemic stroke patients. Ann Intensive Care 2016; 6:39. [PMID: 27107565 PMCID: PMC4842192 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Data on circulating total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in ischemic stroke patients compared with healthy controls are limited and provided conflicting findings. There are not data about the association between circulating TAC levels, peroxidation state and outcome in patients with severe ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of TAC with 30-day mortality after severe ischemic stroke. Methods This multicenter study included 58 patients with coma (Glasgow Coma Scale < 9) following severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI). We measured circulating levels of TAC and malondialdehyde (MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation) on day 1 of severe MMCAI diagnosis. The study endpoint was 30-day mortality. Results Non-survivors (n = 29) showed higher serum TAC levels (p < 0.001) and higher serum MDA levels (p = 0.004) than survivors (n = 29). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that serum TAC levels were associated with 30-day mortality, after controlling for Glasgow Coma Scale and age (odds ratio 1.92; 95 % confidence interval 1.201–3.072; p = 0.006). There was a correlation between serum TAC and MDA levels (rho = 0.35; p = 0.008). Conclusions This single-center study in severe MMCAI patients found an association between higher serum TAC levels and 30-day mortality and further identified a relationship between serum TAC levels, lipid peroxidation state and mortality after severe ischemic stroke.
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146
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Wolff V, Ducros A. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Without Typical Thunderclap Headache. Headache 2016; 56:674-87. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Wolff
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
- EA3072, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Anne Ducros
- Department of Neurology; Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier France
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Sun J, Hu H, Ren X, Simpkins JW. Tert-butylhydroquinone compromises survival in murine experimental stroke. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 54:15-21. [PMID: 26827673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 signaling pathway inducer that is widely used as a food additive in the U.S., prevents oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in neurons. This study assesses the effects of tBHQ on ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. We measured infarct size, neurological deficits, and brain volume after tBHQ treatments in murine permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model in vivo. Further, we evaluated the regulation of tBHQ on mitochondrial function in cerebrovascular endothelial cells in vitro, which is critical to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Our results demonstrated that tBHQ increased post-stroke mortality and worsened stroke outcomes. Mitochondrial function was suppressed by tBHQ treatment of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and this suppression was potentiated by co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the bacterial mimic. These data indicate that tBHQ-exacerbated stroke damage might due to the compromised BBB permeability in permanent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States..
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148
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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149
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Boychuk TM, Nika OM, Tkachuk SS. THE RATIO OF P53-PROAPOPTOTIC AND BCL-2 ANTIAPOPTOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS WITH BRAIN ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION AND EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:25-33. [PMID: 29762968 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the balance of indices of pro- and p53- Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic processes in the hippocampus of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated by incomplete global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was investigated. It is shown that p53 proapoptotic processes in animals without diabetes after 20 minutes of ischemia/l hour reperfusion in all fields of the hippocampus are activated in the background of increasing Bcl-2 antiapoptotic processes in the fields CAl, CA2, CA4 and depression of it - in the CA3 field. In the early postischemic period in rats with DM activity of the p53-proapoptotic processes in fields CAl, CA3, CA4 significantly exceeds that in non-diabetic rats (area of p53- IRM increases on 110, 60 and 27 %), and was significantly lower than that detected in CA2 field. On the 12th day of post-ischemic period, activation of apoptosis in field CAl occurs in the background of inert antiapoptotic processes, in animals without diabetes, as well as in diabetic rats, but the indicators characterizing of apoptotic activity in rats with diabetes were higher (specific contents of p53 protein and area ofp53 -IRM increases on 38 and 43 %). During this period, in the CA2 region of the non-diabetic animals, some depression of the antiapoptotic processes with a slight predominance of proapoptotic processes was detected. In the field of CA3 region of rats without diabetes, the retention of activity of proapoptotic processes and the deepening in the dynamics of depression of antiapoptotic processes were showed. In rats with DM, the oppression of both mechanisms with a significant depression of antiapoptotic processes was observed. On the 12th day of experiment in the field CA4, the most balanced relationship were detected between the studied of the processes due to their parallel and unidirectional changes both in the rats without diabetes as well as with DM. The results point on the modifying effect ofDM on susceptibility ofhippocampal fields to ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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150
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Pallebage-Gamarallage M, Takechi R, Lam V, Elahy M, Mamo J. Pharmacological modulation of dietary lipid-induced cerebral capillary dysfunction: Considerations for reducing risk for Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:166-83. [PMID: 26678521 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction and microvessel disease precede the evolution of hallmark pathological features that characterise Alzheimer's disease (AD), consistent with a causal association for onset or progression. Recent studies, principally in genetically unmanipulated animal models, suggest that chronic ingestion of diets enriched in saturated fats and cholesterol may compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity resulting in inappropriate blood-to-brain extravasation of plasma proteins, including lipid macromolecules that may be enriched in amyloid-β (Aβ). Brain parenchymal retention of blood proteins and lipoprotein bound Aβ is associated with heightened neurovascular inflammation, altered redox homeostasis and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Therefore, it is a reasonable proposition that lipid-lowering agents may positively modulate BBB integrity and by extension attenuate risk or progression of AD. In addition to their robust lipid lowering properties, reported beneficial effects of lipid-lowering agents were attributed to their pleiotropic properties via modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, NO and Aβ metabolism. The review is a contemporary consideration of a complex body of literature intended to synthesise focussed consideration of mechanisms central to regulation of BBB function and integrity. Emphasis is given to dietary fat driven significant epidemiological evidence consistent with heightened risk amongst populations consuming greater amounts of saturated fats and cholesterol. In addition, potential neurovascular benefits associated with the use of hypolipidemic statins, probucol and fenofibrate are also presented in the context of lipid-lowering and pleiotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Public Health Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia and.,b Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Public Health Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia and.,b Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Public Health Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia and.,b Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
| | - Mina Elahy
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Public Health Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia and.,b Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
| | - John Mamo
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , School of Public Health Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia and.,b Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
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